國立中興大學 113 年 《英文》
第 1 題2 分
In sharp contrast to his elder sister’s admirable sense of responsibility, John’s demeanor proved to be notably deficient in ____.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 字義辨析
- 語意對比
- 片語 be deficient in + 名詞,意為「缺乏……」
題幹以 In sharp contrast to(與……形成鮮明對比)提示前後兩者具有相反特質。姐姐具備 an admirable sense of responsibility(令人欽佩的責任感),因此 John 缺乏的應是與「責任感」相反的特質。
題幹定位與翻譯
In sharp contrast to his elder sister’s admirable sense of responsibility, John’s demeanor proved to be notably deficient in ____.
翻譯:
與他姊姊令人欽佩的責任感形成鮮明對比的是,John 的舉止顯然十分缺乏__。
句中關鍵結構為:
- In sharp contrast to A:與 A 形成鮮明對比
- be deficient in B:缺乏 B
- sense of responsibility:責任感
- demeanor:舉止、行為表現、態度
校方釋疑指出,fecklessness 指「缺乏責任感或主動性」,與 John 姊姊的責任感形成直接對比,因此選 D。
解題方法
先抓住語意對比:
- 姊姊:有令人欽佩的責任感
- John:在某方面明顯不足
- 空格應填入「缺乏責任感、缺乏積極性」的名詞
四個選項中,只有 fecklessness 符合這個語意。
選項分析
(A) prudence
prudence:審慎、謹慎、明智。
若填入:
John’s demeanor proved to be notably deficient in prudence.
意思是:
John 的舉止顯然缺乏謹慎。
第 2 題2 分
The ongoing ____ dispute among the brothers only escalated, festering into deeper resentment and animosity.
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核心觀念
本題考「形容詞字義辨析」與「語意搭配」。空格位於名詞 dispute(爭端、爭執) 前,需填入能描述兄弟間激烈、充滿敵意之爭執的形容詞。
關鍵線索為:
- escalated:升高、惡化
- festering:逐漸惡化、化膿般累積
- resentment:怨恨、不滿
- animosity:敵意、憎恨
這些字共同呈現「原本持續的爭執不斷升溫,最後累積成更深的怨恨與敵意」的負面語意,因此空格應填入表示「尖酸刻薄、充滿敵意」的 acrimonious。
解題方法
先觀察空格後的名詞 dispute,判斷形容詞必須描述爭執的性質,再利用後半句的語意作定位:
The ongoing ____ dispute among the brothers only escalated, festering into deeper resentment and animosity.
兄弟之間持續不斷的__爭執不僅沒有平息,反而逐漸升高,醞釀成更深的怨恨與敵意。
句中 escalated、resentment、animosity 都指向衝突加劇與關係惡化,因此答案須與「激烈、刻薄、敵意」相關。acrimonious dispute 正是常見搭配,意為「尖銳激烈的爭執」。
選項分析
(A) acrimonious
意為「尖酸刻薄的;充滿敵意的;激烈爭吵的」。
acrimonious dispute 表示「充滿敵意的激烈爭執」,與兄弟間的爭執持續升高,並發展成怨恨與敵意的語境完全吻合。
(B) capricious
意為「反覆無常的;任性的;善變的」。
第 3 題2 分
The ebullient atmosphere in the soccer team’s dressing room swiftly transformed into one of ____ as their rivals netted two rapid goals.
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核心觀念
本題考查「上下文語意判斷」與情緒相關字彙。句中先描述球隊更衣室原本是 ebullient atmosphere,意為「熱情洋溢的氣氛」;但對手接連射進兩球後,氣氛迅速轉變,因此空格應填入表示「沮喪、低落」的名詞。
定位答案的關鍵句為:
The ebullient atmosphere in the soccer team’s dressing room swiftly transformed into one of despondency as their rivals netted two rapid goals.
翻譯:
當對手快速踢進兩球時,足球隊更衣室裡熱情洋溢的氣氛迅速轉變成一片沮喪。
解題方法
句型為:
transform into one of + 名詞
其中 one 代替前面的 atmosphere,因此空格要填入能描述「氣氛」的抽象名詞。
前半句的 ebullient 表示「興高采烈的、熱情洋溢的」;後半句的 as their rivals netted two rapid goals 表示「因為對手接連進球」。對手進球通常會使本隊士氣下降,因此空格需要與原本的興奮氣氛形成反差,最合適的是 despondency。
關鍵單字與片語
- ebullient:興高采烈的;熱情洋溢的
- atmosphere:氣氛
- dressing room:更衣室
- swiftly:迅速地
- transform into:轉變成
- rival:對手;競爭者
- net:射門得分;使球入網
- rapid:快速的
第 4 題2 分
It was widely assumed that the coach’s ____ played a pivotal role in the recent extraordinary success of his team. However, discerning insiders recognized that it was his extensive experience rather than any innate acumen that led to their winning streak.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 字義辨析:判斷四個抽象名詞在語境中的適切性。
- 語意對比:利用後句的轉折與對比,找出前句應填入的字。
- 名詞搭配:
coach’s + 抽象名詞,表示「教練的某種特質或能力」。
關鍵線索是:
However, discerning insiders recognized that it was his extensive experience rather than any innate acumen that led to their winning streak.
然而,明察的內行人士認為,促成他們連勝的原因是他豐富的經驗,而不是任何與生俱來的敏銳判斷力。
句中使用 A rather than B,表示「是 A,而不是 B」。後句明確提到 innate acumen,意為「與生俱來的敏銳才智」,因此前句空格也應填入同一個語意範圍的字,形成前後呼應。
解題方法
先觀察前後句的邏輯:
- 前句:大家普遍認為,教練的某項特質對球隊成功起了關鍵作用。
- 後句:內行人士指出,真正原因是他的豐富經驗,而不是與生俱來的某種能力。
後句中的 rather than any innate acumen 已直接重複空格所需的核心概念。空格應填入能表示「洞察力、判斷力、敏銳才智」的名詞。
完整句子為:
It was widely assumed that the coach’s acumen played a pivotal role in the recent extraordinary success of his team.
翻譯:
大家普遍認為,這位教練的敏銳判斷力在球隊近期非凡的成功中扮演了關鍵角色。
其中 acumen 在前句指教練的「敏銳判斷力」;後句則進一步否定「與生俱來的判斷力」是成功主因,改指出真正關鍵是經驗。
選項分析
(A) empathy
empathy 意為「同理心、設身處地理解他人感受的能力」。
例:The counselor showed great empathy toward the patient.
意為「這名諮商師對病人展現高度同理心。」
雖然教練具備同理心有助於與球員相處,但後句的 rather than any innate acumen 是在討論「判斷能力、才智」與「經驗」的對比,並非討論情感理解能力。因此語意無法與後句銜接,錯誤。
(B) acumen
acumen 意為「敏銳的判斷力、精明才智、洞察力」,常用於描述一個人在特定領域中迅速且準確分析情勢、做出判斷的能力。
例:business acumen
意為「商業判斷力」。
the coach’s acumen 可譯為「教練的戰術判斷力或敏銳才智」,與後句的 innate acumen 完全呼應。前句說大家以為成功來自教練的才智,後句則指出真正原因是豐富經驗,語意完整,故為正確答案。
(C) amiability
amiability 意為「和藹可親、親切友善的個性」。
例:His amiability made him popular with his colleagues.
意為「他的親切友善使他受到同事歡迎。」
第 5 題2 分
The policies of the organization were convoluted, opaque, and ____ with legal jargon, presenting a significant challenge for new employees to comprehend them without proper orientation.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「形容詞並列結構」。
題幹主詞為 The policies of the organization,其後接:
were convoluted, opaque, and ____ with legal jargon
其中 convoluted、opaque 與空格形成並列,三者都應作為形容政策內容的形容詞。又因固定搭配為 be replete with,表示「充滿、含有大量……」,因此空格應填 replete。
定位答案的關鍵句
The policies of the organization were convoluted, opaque, and replete with legal jargon, presenting a significant challenge for new employees to comprehend them without proper orientation.
翻譯:
該組織的政策錯綜複雜、晦澀難懂,且充滿法律術語,對新進員工而言,若沒有適當的職前訓練,要理解這些政策是一項重大挑戰。
解題方法
先觀察文法結構:
were + convoluted + opaque + and + 空格
這是三個形容詞並列,用來描述 policies 的特徵。接著分析語意:
- convoluted:錯綜複雜的
- opaque:晦澀難懂的、不透明的
- with legal jargon:含有法律術語
前兩個形容詞都表達政策難以理解,最後一項也應延續「內容充斥艱深法律用語」的語意。replete with 正好表示「充滿……」。
完整結構為:
be replete with + 名詞
例句:
The report is replete with technical terms.
這份報告充滿技術術語。
選項分析
(A) germane
意為「有關的、切題的、適切的」,常見搭配為:
be germane to + 名詞
例如:
The evidence is germane to the case.
這項證據與案件有關。
若填入題幹,會變成:
were ... germane with legal jargon
germane 不與 with 形成此處所需的固定搭配,且「政策與法律術語有關」也不如「政策充滿法律術語」符合語境,因此錯誤。
(B) malfeasance
意為「違法失職、瀆職、不法行為」,是名詞。例如:
第 6 題2 分
While technology progresses swiftly, turning once-fantastical notions into everyday commodities, the ____ outcomes it brings must not be dismissed. For example, excessive use of technology and electronic gadgets can hinder a child’s social skill development, leading to feelings of isolation.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨識」與「語意搭配」。空格位於名詞 outcomes 前方,需要填入形容詞,修飾科技帶來的結果。
關鍵語意是:
- 過度使用科技與電子產品
- 妨礙兒童社交能力發展
- 導致孤立感
這些結果明顯具有負面影響,因此空格應填入表示「有害的、具破壞性的」形容詞。
定位答案的關鍵句
題幹指出:
excessive use of technology and electronic gadgets can hinder a child’s social skill development, leading to feelings of isolation.
翻譯:
過度使用科技與電子產品,可能妨礙兒童社交能力的發展,進而導致孤立感。
其中 hinder(妨礙)與 feelings of isolation(孤立感)直接顯示科技帶來的結果是有害的,因此答案為 pernicious。
完整句意為:
While technology progresses swiftly, turning once-fantastical notions into everyday commodities, the pernicious outcomes it brings must not be dismissed.
翻譯:
儘管科技快速進步,將曾經異想天開的概念轉化為日常商品,但它所帶來的有害結果不可忽視。
解題方法
先判斷空格的詞性與修飾對象:
- the ____ outcomes
- outcomes 是名詞,空格需填形容詞。
- it brings 是關係子句,修飾前面的 outcomes,意為「科技所帶來的結果」。
再根據上下文判斷語氣。題幹使用:
- must not be dismissed:不可被忽視、不可輕忽
- hinder:妨礙
- leading to feelings of isolation:導致孤立感
這些詞共同建立負面語境,所以答案必須是負面意義的形容詞。
pernicious 正好表示「有害的、具破壞性的」,與 outcomes 搭配自然。
選項分析
(A) efficacious
efficacious 意為「有效的、奏效的」,通常形容方法、藥物、治療或措施有效,例如:
- an efficacious treatment
有效的治療
若填入此處,會變成「科技帶來的有效結果不可忽視」。然而後文描述科技妨礙社交發展並造成孤立感,並非在強調其有效性,因此語意不合。
(B) pernicious
pernicious 意為「有害的、具破壞性的」,常指某種事物造成逐漸而嚴重的負面影響,例如:
- pernicious effects
有害的影響 - pernicious habits
有害的習慣
科技過度使用會妨礙兒童社交能力,並造成孤立感,正是 pernicious outcomes 所表達的意思。因此本選項正確。
(C) propitious
第 7 題2 分
Despite garnering a degree of ____, the religious leader often faced condemnation for delivering inflammatory speeches, inciting members of his religious faction to engage in conflict with adherents of other faiths and sects.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 字義辨析:判斷空格需要「支持、擁護」之意。
- 名詞搭配與可數性:
a degree of後面通常接不可數名詞或抽象概念。 - 語意對比:宗教領袖雖獲得某種程度的支持,卻因煽動衝突的演說而受到譴責。
關鍵片語:
garner:獲得、博得a degree of:某種程度的……condemnation:譴責inflammatory speeches:煽動性的演說incite A to V:煽動 A 做某事religious faction:宗教派系adherents:信徒、追隨者faiths and sects:宗教與教派
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵在前後語意:
Despite garnering a degree of ____, the religious leader often faced condemnation...
翻譯為:
儘管這位宗教領袖獲得某種程度的____,他卻常因發表煽動性的演說,煽動其宗教派系的成員與其他宗教和教派的信徒發生衝突,而受到譴責。
Despite 表示「儘管」,前後形成讓步關係。後半句描述負面行為與遭受譴責,因此前半句應是正面概念,例如「支持、擁護」。
英文中自然的搭配應為:
garner a degree of advocacy
其中 advocacy 是不可數名詞,表示「支持、擁護」。原題選項 A 寫成 advocates,在詞性與搭配上有問題;依命題語意,A 應是 advocacy 的誤植。
選項分析
(A) advocates
advocate 作名詞時意為「支持者、擁護者」,複數 advocates 指「支持者們」。
若填入原句:
garnering a degree of advocates
語法不自然,因為 a degree of 不適合修飾「支持者們」這類可數人物名詞。自然表達應為:
第 8 題2 分
A(n) ____ is a biological molecule that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms.
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核心觀念
本題考「酵素(enzyme)」的基本定義與相關生物學詞彙辨析。
酵素是由生物體產生的生物分子,主要功能是作為催化劑,加速細胞內的化學反應;反應前後酵素本身通常不被消耗。多數酵素是蛋白質,少數 RNA 也具有催化功能,稱為核酶(ribozyme)。
題幹關鍵句:
A(n) ____ is a biological molecule that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms.
(一種 ____ 是能加速生物體內化學反應的生物分子。)
其中「speeds up chemical reactions」直接對應「催化、加速化學反應」,因此答案是 enzyme。
解題方法
先抓定義核心:
- biological molecule:生物分子
- speeds up chemical reactions:加速化學反應
能夠加速化學反應的生物催化劑就是酵素(enzyme)。
再檢查文法:
- 題幹使用
A(n),表示空格後必須填入單數可數名詞。 enzyme是單數可數名詞,且以母音音素開頭,因此應搭配an:an enzyme。- 完整句子為:
An enzyme is a biological molecule that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms.
選項分析
(A) substrate:受質、基質
錯誤。受質是酵素所作用的分子,即被酵素轉化或分解的反應物;受質本身不是負責加速反應的生物催化劑。
例如,澱粉酶作用於澱粉時,澱粉是受質,而澱粉酶才是酵素。因此不能說:
A substrate speeds up chemical reactions.
(B) enzyme:酵素
第 9 題2 分
Increasing a harvest’s yield would be beneficial only when ____ additions in time, exertion, and other variable factors of production are not also required.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「語意搭配」。
句意是:提高收成量,只有在不需要同時增加與投入程度相應的時間、勞力及其他可變生產要素時,才會帶來好處。
關鍵在於空格後的名詞片語:
additions in time, exertion, and other variable factors of production
其中 additions 指「增加的投入」,而這些增加量必須與收成增加的程度相互對應、成比例,才能表達經濟學上的成本效益概念。因此空格應填表示「相稱的、相應的、成比例的」形容詞。
解題方法
先抓句型:
Increasing a harvest’s yield would be beneficial only when ____ additions ... are not also required.
only when 引導條件,表示「只有當……時才……」。
主句:
Increasing a harvest’s yield:提高收成量would be beneficial:將會有益、才有利
條件子句:
____ additions ... are not also required:不需要同時有某種增加的投入
空格位於名詞 additions 前面,因此需要填入形容詞。再根據語意判斷:
「提高產量」若必須付出相對應的大量時間、勞力及其他生產要素,效益就會被額外成本抵消。因此應選 commensurate,表示「相稱的、相應的、成比例的」。
完整句子為:
Increasing a harvest’s yield would be beneficial only when commensurate additions in time, exertion, and other variable factors of production are not also required.
翻譯:
提高收成量只有在不需要同時增加相應的時間、勞力及其他可變生產要素投入時,才會有益。
文法與語意重點
1. commensurate 的用法
commensurate 是形容詞,常見結構為:
commensurate with + 名詞:與……相稱、與……成比例commensurate + 名詞:相稱的、相應的……
例如:
The salary should be commensurate with the employee’s experience.
薪資應該與員工的經驗相稱。
本題中 commensurate additions 可理解為「相應增加的投入」。
2. only when 的條件語意
only when 表示必要條件:
A is beneficial only when B is not required.
意思是:
只有在 B 不需要時,A 才有益。
本題的邏輯為:
若產量增加同時需要等比例增加時間、勞力和其他投入,增加產量未必能產生實際利益。
3. are not also required 的主詞
第 10 題2 分
Contrary to the suggestions made by ____ philosophies of childrearing, there is no requirement that the day-to-day activities involved in raising a child be clear-cut, straightforward, and unchanging—that is, there is no requirement that life follow philosophy.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「語境搭配」。空格後的名詞是 philosophies of childrearing,意為「教養子女的哲學/理念」。必須選出能與後文「日常活動必須明確、直接且不變」形成合理對比的形容詞。
句中關鍵是:
- systematic:有系統的、有條理的
- clear-cut:界線清楚的、明確的
- straightforward:直接明白的、簡單易懂的
- unchanging:不變的、固定的
文意指出:有些「有系統的教養理念」傾向把育兒生活規畫得井然有序、明確固定;但實際上,養育孩子的日常活動不必如此僵化。
題幹定位與翻譯
定位答案的關鍵句是:
Contrary to the suggestions made by ____ philosophies of childrearing, there is no requirement that the day-to-day activities involved in raising a child be clear-cut, straightforward, and unchanging.
翻譯:
與有系統的教養理念所提出的建議相反,養育孩子所涉及的日常活動並不需要明確、直接且一成不變。
後面的破折號補充說明:
that is, there is no requirement that life follow philosophy.
翻譯:
也就是說,生活並不必然要完全遵循某種哲學理念。
其中 follow a philosophy 是「遵循某種理念」的意思。
解題方法
先觀察空格後的中心名詞 philosophies,再分析四個形容詞與後文的語意關係。
後文列出 clear-cut, straightforward, and unchanging,共同指向「有條理、明確、固定」的生活模式。因此,前面的教養理念應該是具有系統性、傾向規畫與整理生活的理念。
systematic 正好表示「依照系統安排的、有條理的」,與 philosophies 搭配自然,也符合整句的邏輯:
有系統的教養理念可能要求生活井然有序;但作者認為,實際生活不必完全符合這種固定模式。
因此選 (D) systematic。
文法與語意重點
- Contrary to ...
contrary to 是介系詞片語,表示「與……相反」。
句型為:
Contrary to + 名詞,主詞 + 動詞……
例如:
Contrary to popular belief, exercise does not always lead to immediate weight loss.
與普遍看法相反,運動不一定會立即導致減重。
- philosophies of childrearing
childrearing 是名詞,意為「養育子女、育兒」。
philosophies of childrearing 指「育兒理念、教養哲學」。
- there is no requirement that + 主詞 + 原形動詞
這是 requirement that 所引導的假設語氣。表示「沒有必要要求……」時,that 子句中的動詞使用原形。
題目中的:
第 11 題2 分
The new employees would appreciate ____ strategies aimed at improving the airport user experience.
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核心觀念
本題考「動詞後接動名詞或不定詞」的用法,關鍵在於:
- appreciate + 動名詞(V-ing):表示「感激、欣賞、樂於……」
例:I appreciate having your support. - appreciate + 名詞:表示「欣賞、重視某事物」
例:I appreciate your help. - appreciate 後面通常不直接接 to V。表達「感謝某人做某事」時,常用
appreciate + V-ing。
題幹中的 would appreciate 後方需要接一個動名詞片語,因此答案為 discussing。
解題方法
先觀察空格後面的結構:
____ strategies aimed at improving the airport user experience
其中 strategies 是 discuss 的受詞,完整動作是「討論策略」。由於空格前已有動詞 appreciate,應套用:
因此:
完整句子為:
The new employees would appreciate discussing strategies aimed at improving the airport user experience.
翻譯:
新進員工會很樂意討論旨在改善機場使用者體驗的策略。
其中:
strategies:策略aimed at:旨在、以……為目標improving:改善airport user experience:機場使用者體驗
題幹定位與語意分析
定位答案的關鍵句就是:
The new employees would appreciate discussing strategies aimed at improving the airport user experience.
句型結構如下:
The new employees:主詞,新進員工would appreciate:會感激、會樂於discussing strategies:討論策略aimed at improving ...:修飾strategies,表示「旨在改善……的策略」
aimed at 中的 at 是介系詞,因此後面使用動名詞 improving,不能使用原形動詞 improve。
選項分析
(A) to discuss
第 12 題2 分
The team’s success in the competition hinged ____ the captain’s leadership skills and the players’ dedication.
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核心觀念
本題考「固定搭配」與介系詞用法。
hinge on/upon + 名詞 表示「取決於……」「繫於……」。其中 hinge 原意為「鉸鏈」,引申為某件事的成敗繫於某項因素,因此後面固定搭配介系詞 on 或 upon。
題幹中的關鍵片語是:
The team’s success … hinged on the captain’s leadership skills and the players’ dedication.
意思是:「這支隊伍的成功取決於隊長的領導能力以及球員的投入。」
解題方法
先辨認句型:
題幹主詞為 The team’s success,動詞為過去式 hinged,後面接兩個並列名詞片語:
- the captain’s leadership skills:隊長的領導能力
- the players’ dedication:球員的投入、奉獻精神
語意上,句子要表達「隊伍的成功取決於這些條件」,因此應填入固定搭配 hinged on。
選項分析
(A) on:正確
hinge on 是標準搭配,表示「取決於、繫於」。
例句:
Success hinges on careful preparation.
成功取決於周密的準備。
填入後:
The team’s success in the competition hinged on the captain’s leadership skills and the players’ ded
第 13 題2 分
____ refugees are from Syria.
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核心觀念
本題考「數量表達法」與「可數、不可數名詞的搭配」。
refugees 是可數名詞 refugee 的複數形式,意為「難民」。表示「大多數的難民」時,應使用:
因此完整句子為:
The majority of refugees are from Syria.
大多數難民來自敘利亞。
此句的主詞核心為 The majority,但 of refugees 指明「哪一群人的大多數」。由於 refugees 為複數,動詞使用複數 are。
解題方法
先判斷空格後的名詞 refugees:
refugees是複數可數名詞。- 「大多數的……」可用
the majority of + 名詞。 - 選項 (A)
The majority of後面正好可接複數可數名詞refugees。 - 代入後句意與文法皆完整:
The majority of refugees are from Syria.
大多數難民來自敘利亞。
選項分析
(A) The majority of
正確。the majority of + 複數可數名詞 表示「大多數的……」。
例:
The majority of students passed the exam.
大多數學生通過考試。The majority of refugees are from Syria.
大多數難民來自敘利亞。
當 the majority of 後接複數名詞時,後面的動詞通常使用複數形式,如本題的 are。
(B) Much
錯誤。much 表示「許多」,主要修飾不可數名詞,例如:
much money許多錢much information許多資訊much water許多水
refugees 是複數可數名詞,不能直接說 much refugees。修飾複數可數名詞應使用 many,但本題若要表達「大多數」,仍須使用 the majority of。
(C) Large
第 14 題2 分
When Maria got home, she found that someone had broken into her apartment. She immediately called the police, feeling uneasy that she ____.
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核心觀念:過去完成式表示「過去某一時間之前已完成的動作」
本題考「過去完成式(past perfect)」的用法。
過去完成式形式為:
用來表示:在過去另一個動作發生以前,某件事已經完成。
題幹中有兩個過去時間點:
- Maria 回到家:
got home - 她忘記鎖門:
had forgotten to lock the door
「忘記鎖門」發生在「回到家並發現遭竊」之前,因此使用過去完成式 had forgotten。
解題方法
定位關鍵句:
She immediately called the police, feeling uneasy that she ____.
翻譯為:
她立刻報警,因為想到自己忘記鎖門而感到不安。
Maria 是在回家後才發現有人闖入公寓;而她「忘記鎖門」的動作,必然發生在回家之前。因此句中需要表達「在另一個過去動作之前就已發生」的時態:
had forgotten to lock the door
完整句意為:
Maria 回到家時,發現有人闖入她的公寓。她立刻報警,因為想到自己之前忘記鎖門而感到不安。
選項分析
(A) forgot to lock the door
forgot 是過去式,表示「忘記鎖門」。單獨使用時文法並非完全不可能,但本題需要明確表達「忘記鎖門」發生在「回家、發現遭竊」之前,因此過去式無法清楚呈現先後關係,不符合本題的時態考點。
(B) forget to lock the door
第 15 題2 分
Mr. Nigam was ____ considering retirement when his boss asked him to be the head of security at the new facility.
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核心觀念
本題考「表示即將發生某事」的片語,以及介系詞後接名詞或動名詞的用法。
句型為:
be on the brink of + 名詞/V-ing
意思是「瀕臨……;即將……」。題幹中的 considering retirement 是動名詞片語,表示「考慮退休這件事」。
解題方法
先觀察空格後的內容:
considering retirement
其中 considering 為動名詞,retirement 為「退休」。整段意思是「考慮退休」。
再將各選項代入,尋找能表達「正要、即將」之意,且能自然搭配動名詞的片語:
Mr. Nigam was on the brink of considering retirement when his boss asked him to be the head of security at the new facility.
翻譯:
當 Nigam 先生的老闆請他擔任新設施的保全主管時,他正瀕臨退休、正考慮退休。
前後語意合理:Nigam 原本即將退休,卻因老闆提出新職務而出現轉折。
選項分析
(A) on the brink of
- brink:邊緣、臨界點
- on the brink of:瀕臨……;即將……
- 後面可接名詞或動名詞,例如:
- on the brink of bankruptcy:瀕臨破產
- on the brink of making a decision:即將做出決定
- 代入後符合文法與語意,因此正確。
(B) in the vicinity of
- vicinity:附近、鄰近地區
- in the vicinity of:在……附近
- 通常用來表示空間位置,例如:
- in the vicinity of the airport:在機場附近
第 16 題2 分
The facilities of one of the hospitals in Bandung ____.
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核心觀念
本題考查三項重點:
- 主詞動詞一致
- 比較結構
- 代替詞 those 的使用
題幹主詞為:
The facilities of one of the hospitals in Bandung
核心主詞是 facilities,為複數,因此動詞要用 are。其中 one of the hospitals 只是介系詞片語中的名詞結構,不是全句主詞。
比較「某醫院的設施」與「其他醫院的設施」時,後方必須省略重複名詞,使用複數代替詞 those 代替 facilities。
解題方法
先找出句子的主詞:
The facilities of one of the hospitals in Bandung
主詞中心為 facilities,所以填入 are,排除使用 is 的選項 A。
接著判斷比較對象。句子要表達的是:
Bandung 某一家醫院的設施,和 Yogyakarta 的醫院設施相比,一樣好或更好。
完整概念為:
The facilities of one of the hospitals in Bandung are as good as or better than the facilities of the hospitals in Yogyakarta.
為避免重複使用 facilities,第二個 facilities 改用複數代替詞 those:
The facilities of one of the hospitals in Bandung are as good or better than those of the hospitals in Yogyakarta.
因此正確答案為 D。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹句子為:
The facilities of one of the hospitals in Bandung are as good or better than those of the hospitals in Yogyakarta.
翻譯:
萬隆其中一家醫院的設施,和日惹各醫院的設施一樣好,甚至更好。
其中:
- facilities:設施、設備
- one of the hospitals:其中一家醫院
- as good or better than:一樣好或更好
- those of:……的那些;此處指「……的設施」
- in Bandung:在萬隆
- in Yogyakarta:在日惹
選項分析
(A) is as good or better the hospitals in Yogyakarta
錯誤有兩處。
第 17 題2 分
The newly-discovered artifacts Liang Bua Flores are given special terms ____.
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核心觀念
本題考「分詞片語修飾名詞」與「關係代名詞的選用」。
題幹空格位於名詞片語 special terms 之後,功能應是補充說明這些 terms 的用途或內容。最自然的結構為:
special terms indicating the location of their discovery
表示「指出它們被發現地點的專有名稱」
其中:
- indicating 是現在分詞,修飾前面的 special terms。
- the location of their discovery 意為「它們被發現的地點」。
- their 指前面的 artifacts。
題幹原句可定位答案的句子為:
The newly-discovered artifacts Liang Bua Flores are given special terms ____.
合理翻譯為:
在 Liang Bua(Flores)新發現的文物,會被賦予指出其發現地點的特殊名稱。
標準英文應寫成:
The newly discovered artifacts from Liang Bua, Flores, are given special terms indicating the location of their discovery.
解題方法
先看空格前的名詞 terms,空格應接一個修飾名詞的片語,說明這些名稱「指出什麼」。
「指出」可用 indicate:
- terms indicate the location
名稱指出地點
將完整子句簡化為分詞片語:
- terms which indicate the location
- terms indicating the location
因此,正確句型應為:
terms indicating the location of their discovery
注意 indicate 是及物動詞,後面直接接受詞:
indicate the location
不可在 indicating 後面加 of。因此,題目所列的 D 若確實為 indicating of,在標準英文中並不完整正確;D 顯然是命題者原欲設計的答案,但應修正為 indicating the location of their discovery。
選項分析
(A) who indicate their location of discovery
錯誤有二:
- who 通常用來指人,先行詞為無生命的 terms,應使用 which,或直接改用現在分詞 indicating。
- their location of discovery 語意不自然。應表達「它們被發現的地點」,較自然的說法是 the location of their discovery。
若改寫為:
special terms which indicate the location of their discovery
文法才完整。
第 18 題2 分
While my sister enjoys swimming, I ____ running.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 句子的完整結構:主詞後需要一個完整的謂語動詞。
- prefer 的句型:
- prefer to + 原形動詞
- prefer + V-ing
- prefer A to B
- 動詞與活動名詞的搭配:running 可作為「跑步這項活動」的名詞使用。
題幹中,While my sister enjoys swimming 是讓步/對比副詞子句,主句主詞為 I,因此空格必須填入能作主句謂語的動詞片語。
解題方法
定位主句:
I ____ running.
我喜歡跑步。
I 是主詞,空格後的 running 可視為活動名詞,因此空格需要填入完整的動詞片語。prefer to do 可形成:
I prefer to do running.
我比較喜歡從事跑步活動。
在四個選項中,只有 (A) 能在 I 後形成完整的謂語結構。更自然的英文通常會說:
I prefer running.
I prefer to run.
但依本題選項設計,正確答案為 (A)。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
While my sister enjoys swimming, I prefer to do running.
翻譯:
雖然我姊姊喜歡游泳,但我比較喜歡跑步。
其中 While 表示「雖然、然而」,enjoys swimming 與主句的「喜歡跑步」形成活動偏好的對比。
選項分析
(A) prefer to do
正確。prefer 是主要動詞,to do 為不定詞結構;接上 running 後,形成完整的主句謂語:
I prefer to do running.
第 19 題2 分
This stadium can hold ____.
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核心觀念
本題考查「可數名詞與不可數名詞的數量修飾語」以及 audience 的語意與搭配。
- much + 不可數名詞:表示「許多……」,如 much water、much information。
- many + 可數名詞複數:表示「許多……」,如 many students、many books。
- a/an + 可數名詞單數:表示「一個……」,如 an audience。
- a large + 可數名詞單數:表示「一大群……」,如 a large audience。
audience 指「觀眾、聽眾」,通常視為可數名詞,表示一群觀看表演、比賽或聆聽演講的人:
- an audience:一群觀眾
- a large audience:一大群觀眾
- large audiences:許多群觀眾
題幹中的 audience 是指進入體育場觀看比賽的「觀眾群」,因此應使用可數名詞單數搭配冠詞,並以 a large 修飾。
解題方法
先判斷句意與名詞形式:
This stadium can hold ____.
翻譯為:
這座體育場可以容納一大群觀眾。
動詞 hold 在此不是「拿著」,而是「容納、容得下」。體育場通常容納的是「一群觀眾」,英文慣用說法為:
hold a large audience
其中:
- a 表示一群觀眾;
- large 表示人數眾多;
- audience 使用可數名詞單數。
因此正確答案為 (B) a large audience。
選項分析
(A) much audience
錯誤。much 用來修飾不可數名詞;但 audience 在本句是「一群觀眾」,屬於可數名詞,應使用 an audience 或 a large audience。
此外,much audience 並非表示「許多觀眾」的自然搭配。若要表達觀眾人數多,應說:
a large audience
第 20 題2 分
Who ____ when John is likely to turn up?
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核心觀念:主詞疑問句、主詞動詞一致與狀態動詞
本題考查三個重點:
- 主詞疑問句不使用 do/does/did 助動詞
- 主詞為 who 時,動詞通常依單數形式處理
- know 屬於狀態動詞,通常不用進行式
題幹:
Who ____ when John is likely to turn up?
其中 Who 是主詞,意思是「誰知道……?」;空格中的動詞必須直接接在 who 後面,因此使用第三人稱單數形式 knows。
解題方法
先判斷句型:
Who + 動詞 + when 子句?
這是「主詞疑問句」。句中的 who 本身就是動作的執行者,相當於:
Someone knows when John is likely to turn up.
將不明確的主詞 someone 改為 who,形成:
Who knows when John is likely to turn up?
因為 who 是主詞,所以不需要使用 do/does 來協助疑問句倒裝。動詞則採第三人稱單數形式:
完整句意為:
誰知道約翰可能什麼時候會出現?
此句中的 Who knows...? 也常作為慣用語,表示「誰知道呢?」或「沒人知道」。
題幹關鍵字與片語
- who:誰;本句中作主詞
- know:知道、了解
- when:何時;引導時間或疑問名詞子句
- be likely to + 原形動詞:很可能……
- turn up:出現、到達、露面
- John is likely to turn up:約翰很可能會出現
定位答案的關鍵句為:
Who knows when John is likely to turn up?
翻譯:
誰知道約翰可能什麼時候會出現?
更自然的語氣是:
誰知道約翰什麼時候會出現呢?
選項分析
(A) know
Who know when John is likely to turn up?
錯誤。此處 who 作為主詞,視為第三人稱單數,現在簡單式應使用 knows,不能使用原形 know。
比較:
第 21 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In a world driven by data and technology, the importance of critical thinking cannot be overstated. As we navigate through a sea of information, it becomes increasingly crucial to sift through the noise and discern fact from fiction. 21 By questioning assumptions, evaluating evidence, and considering alternative perspectives, we can make informed decisions and solve complex problems. 22 In essence, critical thinking serves as a catalyst for creativity and innovation, driving progress and advancement across various aspects of society. In today’s rapidly changing landscape, where challenges are multifaceted and solutions are not always straightforward, the ability to think critically is more valuable than ever. 23 Ultimately, critical thinking empowers individuals to navigate the complexities of the world with clarity and confidence, enabling us to thrive in an increasingly complex and uncertain environment.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題為篇章結構題(句子插入題),考查段落組織的上下文意銜接(Cohesion & Coherence)與隱喻延伸(Metaphorical Consistency)。
解題關鍵在於觀察空格前後句的意象與邏輯關係:
- 前句意象:前句提到「在資訊之海中航行(navigate through a sea of information)」與「過濾雜訊、分辨真假(sift through the noise and discern fact from fiction)」,營造出探尋與辨別方向的語境。
- 後句銜接:後句承接具體的方法(質疑假設、評估證據、思考不同視角),用以做出明智決策。
- 選項需能承接前句的「航行於海中/辨別真偽」,作為由「航行」過渡到「探求真相」的橋樑。
關鍵單字與片語解析
- overstate (v.):誇大、言過其實。
- cannot be overstated:再怎麼強調也不為過。
- navigate (v.):航行、導航、應對。
- sift through (phr.):篩選、仔細檢查以過濾出有用資訊。
- discern (v.):分辨、辨別。
- compass (n.):指南針、羅盤(比喻指引方針)。
- quest (n.):尋求、追求(常搭配 quest for truth 追求真理)。
- equip ... with ... (phr.):使具備、為……配備工具。
- foster (v.):培養、促進。
- status quo (n.):現狀。
解題方法
- 定位上下文關鍵線索:
- 空格前一句:
"As we navigate through a sea of information, it becomes increasingly crucial to sift through the noise and discern fact from fiction."
【翻譯】當我們在資訊的汪洋中航行時,過濾雜音並分辨事實與虛構變得愈發關鍵。
- 空格後一句:
"By questioning assumptions, evaluating evidence, and considering alternative perspectives, we can make informed decisions and solve complex problems."
【翻譯】透過質疑假設、評估證據並考量不同觀點,我們能夠做出明智的決策並解決複雜的問題。
- 語意與隱喻銜接:
前文以「汪洋(sea of information)」與「航行(navigate)」作比喻,指涉人們在龐雜訊息中迷失與尋找真相的過程。選項 (B) 承接此隱喻,將批判性思考比喻為「指南針(compass)」,指引我們「追尋真理與理解(quest for truth and understanding)」,完美呼應前文的「分辨事實與虛構(discern fact from fiction)」。
選項分析
- (A) Critical thinking equips us with the tools to analyze situations, weigh options, and arrive at reasoned conclusions.
- 錯誤。此句內容偏向決策分析與邏輯推論,其語意(分析情境、權衡選項、得出合理結論)與後一句(質疑假設、評估證據、做出明智決策)高度重複,若置於第 21 題會使論述顯得同義反覆,缺乏從前一句「資訊大海中航行辨真偽」自然過渡的修辭橋樑。
第 22 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In a world driven by data and technology, the importance of critical thinking cannot be overstated. As we navigate through a sea of information, it becomes increasingly crucial to sift through the noise and discern fact from fiction. 21 By questioning assumptions, evaluating evidence, and considering alternative perspectives, we can make informed decisions and solve complex problems. 22 In essence, critical thinking serves as a catalyst for creativity and innovation, driving progress and advancement across various aspects of society. In today’s rapidly changing landscape, where challenges are multifaceted and solutions are not always straightforward, the ability to think critically is more valuable than ever. 23 Ultimately, critical thinking empowers individuals to navigate the complexities of the world with clarity and confidence, enabling us to thrive in an increasingly complex and uncertain environment.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題為篇章結構題(句子插入題),考查段落組織的上下文意銜接(Cohesion & Coherence)與隱喻延伸(Metaphorical Consistency)。
解題關鍵在於觀察空格前後句的意象與邏輯關係:
- 前句意象:前句提到「在資訊之海中航行(navigate through a sea of information)」與「過濾雜訊、分辨真假(sift through the noise and discern fact from fiction)」,營造出探尋與辨別方向的語境。
- 後句銜接:後句承接具體的方法(質疑假設、評估證據、思考不同視角),用以做出明智決策。
- 選項需能承接前句的「航行於海中/辨別真偽」,作為由「航行」過渡到「探求真相」的橋樑。
關鍵單字與片語解析
- overstate (v.):誇大、言過其實。
- cannot be overstated:再怎麼強調也不為過。
- navigate (v.):航行、導航、應對。
- sift through (phr.):篩選、仔細檢查以過濾出有用資訊。
- discern (v.):分辨、辨別。
- compass (n.):指南針、羅盤(比喻指引方針)。
- quest (n.):尋求、追求(常搭配 quest for truth 追求真理)。
- equip ... with ... (phr.):使具備、為……配備工具。
- foster (v.):培養、促進。
- status quo (n.):現狀。
解題方法
- 定位上下文關鍵線索:
- 空格前一句:
"As we navigate through a sea of information, it becomes increasingly crucial to sift through the noise and discern fact from fiction."
【翻譯】當我們在資訊的汪洋中航行時,過濾雜音並分辨事實與虛構變得愈發關鍵。
- 空格後一句:
"By questioning assumptions, evaluating evidence, and considering alternative perspectives, we can make informed decisions and solve complex problems."
【翻譯】透過質疑假設、評估證據並考量不同觀點,我們能夠做出明智的決策並解決複雜的問題。
- 語意與隱喻銜接:
前文以「汪洋(sea of information)」與「航行(navigate)」作比喻,指涉人們在龐雜訊息中迷失與尋找真相的過程。選項 (B) 承接此隱喻,將批判性思考比喻為「指南針(compass)」,指引我們「追尋真理與理解(quest for truth and understanding)」,完美呼應前文的「分辨事實與虛構(discern fact from fiction)」。
選項分析
- (A) Critical thinking equips us with the tools to analyze situations, weigh options, and arrive at reasoned conclusions.
- 錯誤。此句內容偏向決策分析與邏輯推論,其語意(分析情境、權衡選項、得出合理結論)與後一句(質疑假設、評估證據、做出明智決策)高度重複,若置於第 21 題會使論述顯得同義反覆,缺乏從前一句「資訊大海中航行辨真偽」自然過渡的修辭橋樑。
第 23 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In a world driven by data and technology, the importance of critical thinking cannot be overstated. As we navigate through a sea of information, it becomes increasingly crucial to sift through the noise and discern fact from fiction. 21 By questioning assumptions, evaluating evidence, and considering alternative perspectives, we can make informed decisions and solve complex problems. 22 In essence, critical thinking serves as a catalyst for creativity and innovation, driving progress and advancement across various aspects of society. In today’s rapidly changing landscape, where challenges are multifaceted and solutions are not always straightforward, the ability to think critically is more valuable than ever. 23 Ultimately, critical thinking empowers individuals to navigate the complexities of the world with clarity and confidence, enabling us to thrive in an increasingly complex and uncertain environment.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題為篇章結構題(句子插入題),考查段落組織的上下文意銜接(Cohesion & Coherence)與隱喻延伸(Metaphorical Consistency)。
解題關鍵在於觀察空格前後句的意象與邏輯關係:
- 前句意象:前句提到「在資訊之海中航行(navigate through a sea of information)」與「過濾雜訊、分辨真假(sift through the noise and discern fact from fiction)」,營造出探尋與辨別方向的語境。
- 後句銜接:後句承接具體的方法(質疑假設、評估證據、思考不同視角),用以做出明智決策。
- 選項需能承接前句的「航行於海中/辨別真偽」,作為由「航行」過渡到「探求真相」的橋樑。
關鍵單字與片語解析
- overstate (v.):誇大、言過其實。
- cannot be overstated:再怎麼強調也不為過。
- navigate (v.):航行、導航、應對。
- sift through (phr.):篩選、仔細檢查以過濾出有用資訊。
- discern (v.):分辨、辨別。
- compass (n.):指南針、羅盤(比喻指引方針)。
- quest (n.):尋求、追求(常搭配 quest for truth 追求真理)。
- equip ... with ... (phr.):使具備、為……配備工具。
- foster (v.):培養、促進。
- status quo (n.):現狀。
解題方法
- 定位上下文關鍵線索:
- 空格前一句:
"As we navigate through a sea of information, it becomes increasingly crucial to sift through the noise and discern fact from fiction."
【翻譯】當我們在資訊的汪洋中航行時,過濾雜音並分辨事實與虛構變得愈發關鍵。
- 空格後一句:
"By questioning assumptions, evaluating evidence, and considering alternative perspectives, we can make informed decisions and solve complex problems."
【翻譯】透過質疑假設、評估證據並考量不同觀點,我們能夠做出明智的決策並解決複雜的問題。
- 語意與隱喻銜接:
前文以「汪洋(sea of information)」與「航行(navigate)」作比喻,指涉人們在龐雜訊息中迷失與尋找真相的過程。選項 (B) 承接此隱喻,將批判性思考比喻為「指南針(compass)」,指引我們「追尋真理與理解(quest for truth and understanding)」,完美呼應前文的「分辨事實與虛構(discern fact from fiction)」。
選項分析
- (A) Critical thinking equips us with the tools to analyze situations, weigh options, and arrive at reasoned conclusions.
- 錯誤。此句內容偏向決策分析與邏輯推論,其語意(分析情境、權衡選項、得出合理結論)與後一句(質疑假設、評估證據、做出明智決策)高度重複,若置於第 21 題會使論述顯得同義反覆,缺乏從前一句「資訊大海中航行辨真偽」自然過渡的修辭橋樑。
第 24 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The sun dipped below the horizon, casting a warm glow across the landscape as evening descended upon the sleepy village. Shadows lengthened, stretching out like dark fingers across the cobblestone streets and quaint cottages that lined the winding roads. In the distance, the sound of a church bell echoed through the air, signaling the end of another day in this idyllic corner of the world. 24 Lights flickered on in windows, illuminating cozy interiors where families gathered around tables laden with hearty meals. Laughter and conversation filled the air, mingling with the aroma of freshly baked bread and simmering pots of stew. 25 Underneath a canopy of stars, couples strolled hand in hand along moonlit paths, their footsteps echoing softly against the cobblestones as they savored the quiet beauty of the night. In this moment, all worries and cares faded away, replaced by a sense of peace and contentment that seemed to permeate the very air itself. 26
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題屬於「篇章結構題」(文意選填/段落銜接句)。考查重點在於段落的承先啟後(Coherence & Cohesion)、時間發展軸線(Chronological Order)以及主題句(Topic Sentence)與支持細節(Supporting Details)的邏輯對應。考生須辨識出前後文的情境描繪,並挑選出能順暢轉換視角與氛圍的樞紐句。
解題方法
- 分析空格前文(Context Before Blank 24):
- 原文:「The sun dipped below the horizon, casting a warm glow across the landscape as evening descended upon the sleepy village... In the distance, the sound of a church bell echoed through the air, signaling the end of another day...」
- 語意:描述夕陽西下、夜幕低垂(evening descended),村莊原本靜謐、慵懶(sleepy village),教堂鐘聲宣告白晝的結束。
- 分析空格後文(Context After Blank 24):
- 原文:「Lights flickered on in windows, illuminating cozy interiors where families gathered around tables laden with hearty meals. Laughter and conversation filled the air, mingling with the aroma of freshly baked bread and simmering pots of stew.」
- 語意:窗內燈火漸次亮起、家庭團聚共進豐盛晚餐、歡笑聲與談話聲交織、空氣中瀰漫食物香氣。此處描繪村莊內開始熱鬧活絡的「具體活動」。
- 定位銜接需求:
空格 24 位於「靜態黃昏景色」與「熱鬧溫馨的室內家庭活動」之間,需要一句總括性的轉折句/主題句,帶出「隨著夜幕降臨,村莊展現生機與活動」的概念。
選項分析
- (A) Meanwhile, in the town square, musicians gathered to serenade the evening crowd with lively tunes, their melodies drifting through the air and adding to the sense of magic that enveloped the village at nightfall.
- 錯誤。此句描述「鎮上廣場的音樂家演奏」,但空格 24 後緊接的是「窗戶燈火點亮、家人圍坐用餐(cozy interiors where families gathered around tables)」。若選 (A),會使視角突然跳至廣場又立刻切回家庭室內,語意缺乏連貫性;此選項更適合用於描述戶外公眾活動的後續銜接(如第 25 題)。
第 25 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The sun dipped below the horizon, casting a warm glow across the landscape as evening descended upon the sleepy village. Shadows lengthened, stretching out like dark fingers across the cobblestone streets and quaint cottages that lined the winding roads. In the distance, the sound of a church bell echoed through the air, signaling the end of another day in this idyllic corner of the world. 24 Lights flickered on in windows, illuminating cozy interiors where families gathered around tables laden with hearty meals. Laughter and conversation filled the air, mingling with the aroma of freshly baked bread and simmering pots of stew. 25 Underneath a canopy of stars, couples strolled hand in hand along moonlit paths, their footsteps echoing softly against the cobblestones as they savored the quiet beauty of the night. In this moment, all worries and cares faded away, replaced by a sense of peace and contentment that seemed to permeate the very air itself. 26
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題屬於「篇章結構題」(文意選填/段落銜接句)。考查重點在於段落的承先啟後(Coherence & Cohesion)、時間發展軸線(Chronological Order)以及主題句(Topic Sentence)與支持細節(Supporting Details)的邏輯對應。考生須辨識出前後文的情境描繪,並挑選出能順暢轉換視角與氛圍的樞紐句。
解題方法
- 分析空格前文(Context Before Blank 24):
- 原文:「The sun dipped below the horizon, casting a warm glow across the landscape as evening descended upon the sleepy village... In the distance, the sound of a church bell echoed through the air, signaling the end of another day...」
- 語意:描述夕陽西下、夜幕低垂(evening descended),村莊原本靜謐、慵懶(sleepy village),教堂鐘聲宣告白晝的結束。
- 分析空格後文(Context After Blank 24):
- 原文:「Lights flickered on in windows, illuminating cozy interiors where families gathered around tables laden with hearty meals. Laughter and conversation filled the air, mingling with the aroma of freshly baked bread and simmering pots of stew.」
- 語意:窗內燈火漸次亮起、家庭團聚共進豐盛晚餐、歡笑聲與談話聲交織、空氣中瀰漫食物香氣。此處描繪村莊內開始熱鬧活絡的「具體活動」。
- 定位銜接需求:
空格 24 位於「靜態黃昏景色」與「熱鬧溫馨的室內家庭活動」之間,需要一句總括性的轉折句/主題句,帶出「隨著夜幕降臨,村莊展現生機與活動」的概念。
選項分析
- (A) Meanwhile, in the town square, musicians gathered to serenade the evening crowd with lively tunes, their melodies drifting through the air and adding to the sense of magic that enveloped the village at nightfall.
- 錯誤。此句描述「鎮上廣場的音樂家演奏」,但空格 24 後緊接的是「窗戶燈火點亮、家人圍坐用餐(cozy interiors where families gathered around tables)」。若選 (A),會使視角突然跳至廣場又立刻切回家庭室內,語意缺乏連貫性;此選項更適合用於描述戶外公眾活動的後續銜接(如第 25 題)。
第 26 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The sun dipped below the horizon, casting a warm glow across the landscape as evening descended upon the sleepy village. Shadows lengthened, stretching out like dark fingers across the cobblestone streets and quaint cottages that lined the winding roads. In the distance, the sound of a church bell echoed through the air, signaling the end of another day in this idyllic corner of the world. 24 Lights flickered on in windows, illuminating cozy interiors where families gathered around tables laden with hearty meals. Laughter and conversation filled the air, mingling with the aroma of freshly baked bread and simmering pots of stew. 25 Underneath a canopy of stars, couples strolled hand in hand along moonlit paths, their footsteps echoing softly against the cobblestones as they savored the quiet beauty of the night. In this moment, all worries and cares faded away, replaced by a sense of peace and contentment that seemed to permeate the very air itself. 26
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題屬於「篇章結構題」(文意選填/段落銜接句)。考查重點在於段落的承先啟後(Coherence & Cohesion)、時間發展軸線(Chronological Order)以及主題句(Topic Sentence)與支持細節(Supporting Details)的邏輯對應。考生須辨識出前後文的情境描繪,並挑選出能順暢轉換視角與氛圍的樞紐句。
解題方法
- 分析空格前文(Context Before Blank 24):
- 原文:「The sun dipped below the horizon, casting a warm glow across the landscape as evening descended upon the sleepy village... In the distance, the sound of a church bell echoed through the air, signaling the end of another day...」
- 語意:描述夕陽西下、夜幕低垂(evening descended),村莊原本靜謐、慵懶(sleepy village),教堂鐘聲宣告白晝的結束。
- 分析空格後文(Context After Blank 24):
- 原文:「Lights flickered on in windows, illuminating cozy interiors where families gathered around tables laden with hearty meals. Laughter and conversation filled the air, mingling with the aroma of freshly baked bread and simmering pots of stew.」
- 語意:窗內燈火漸次亮起、家庭團聚共進豐盛晚餐、歡笑聲與談話聲交織、空氣中瀰漫食物香氣。此處描繪村莊內開始熱鬧活絡的「具體活動」。
- 定位銜接需求:
空格 24 位於「靜態黃昏景色」與「熱鬧溫馨的室內家庭活動」之間,需要一句總括性的轉折句/主題句,帶出「隨著夜幕降臨,村莊展現生機與活動」的概念。
選項分析
- (A) Meanwhile, in the town square, musicians gathered to serenade the evening crowd with lively tunes, their melodies drifting through the air and adding to the sense of magic that enveloped the village at nightfall.
- 錯誤。此句描述「鎮上廣場的音樂家演奏」,但空格 24 後緊接的是「窗戶燈火點亮、家人圍坐用餐(cozy interiors where families gathered around tables)」。若選 (A),會使視角突然跳至廣場又立刻切回家庭室內,語意缺乏連貫性;此選項更適合用於描述戶外公眾活動的後續銜接(如第 25 題)。
第 27 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Medicine, the intricate amalgamation of science, compassion, and innovation, stands as a beacon of hope in the quest for human well-being. It traverses through the corridors of history, from ancient civilizations’ primitive remedies to the sophisticated treatments of the modern era. 27 Healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and allied health workers, dedicate their lives to the noble pursuit of healing and alleviating suffering. 28 Vaccination campaigns, sanitation efforts, and health education programs have played pivotal roles in reducing the burden of infectious diseases and improving overall health outcomes. Additionally, the recognition of mental health as an integral component of well-being has led to advancements in psychiatric care and psychological therapies. 29 The rise of antibiotic resistance, the threat of global pandemics, and the impacts of climate change on health further underscore the complexity of contemporary medical practice. Additionally, the aging population and the growing burden of non-communicable diseases pose significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Despite these obstacles, healthcare professionals remain dedicated to advancing medical knowledge, improving patient outcomes, and advocating for policies that prioritize health equity. 30 As society grapples with unprecedented health challenges, the resilience and ingenuity of the medical community serve as a beacon of hope, driving progress and transformation in healthcare systems across the globe.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題為篇章結構(Sentence Insertion / Cohesion & Coherence)題型,評量考生對「段落主題句與支持句之邏輯連貫(Coherence)」及「上下文語意銜接(Contextual Clues)」的掌握度。
解題關鍵在於辨識空格前後的語意層次切換:
- 空格前文:提及醫護人員(physicians, nurses, pharmacists 等)致力於治療與減輕病患痛苦,焦點停留在「個別臨床醫療照護(individual clinical care)」。
- 空格後文:列舉疫苗接種推廣(vaccination campaigns)、環境衛生改善(sanitation efforts)與衛教計畫(health education programs),並指出心理健康納入整體福祉,這些措施均屬於「群體層次(population level)的公共衛生(public health)」。
因此,空格必須扮演「承先啟後」的過渡句(transition / topic sentence),引導文章從「個別病患照護」拓展至「群體公共衛生」。
解題方法
- 鎖定前後句線索與語意定位:
- 前句:
Healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and allied health workers, dedicate their lives to the noble pursuit of healing and alleviating suffering.
翻譯:醫護專業人員,包括醫師、護理師、藥師及醫事人員,一生奉獻於治癒疾病與減輕痛苦的高尚志業。
分析:此處論述主軸在於醫事人員針對個別患者進行的醫療與照護工作。 - 後句:
Vaccination campaigns, sanitation efforts, and health education programs have played pivotal roles in reducing the burden of infectious diseases and improving overall health outcomes.
翻譯:疫苗接種活動、環境衛生措施以及衛教推廣計畫,在降低傳染病負擔與改善整體健康成效方面發揮了關鍵作用。
分析:疫苗、公共衛生與健康教育並非傳統診間內的一對一醫療,而是廣泛針對大眾的「公共衛生作為(public health initiatives)」。
- 尋找具對比/承接功能的關鍵字:
選項 (D) 的Beyond individual patient care(除了個別病患照護之外)精準呼應了空格前的醫護救治;而其主要子句medicine extends its reach to public health initiatives aimed at promoting wellness and preventing disease on a population level(醫學將其觸角延伸至旨在群體層面促進健康與預防疾病的公共衛生措施)則完美引出後文的疫苗、環境衛生與衛教計畫。
重要單字與片語解析
- amalgamation [əˌmælɡəˈmeɪʃən] (n.) 融合,混合
- beacon of hope (phr.) 希望的燈塔;指引希望的象徵
- allied health workers (phr.) 醫事輔助人員/醫事人員(如醫檢師、物理治療師等)
- pivotal [ˈpɪvətl] (adj.) 關鍵的,樞紐的
- sanitation [ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən] (n.) 公共衛生,衛生設備
- non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (phr.) 非傳染性疾病(如慢性病、心血管疾病等)
- health equity (phr.) 健康公平/醫療平權
- resilience [rɪˈzɪliəns] (n.) 韌性,復原力
- ingenuity [ˌɪndʒəˈnjuːəti] (n.) 獨創性,精巧智慧
選項分析
- **(A) However, the field of medicine faces ongoing challenges in adapting to rapidly evolving technologies, integrating electronic health records, and addressing the et
第 28 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Medicine, the intricate amalgamation of science, compassion, and innovation, stands as a beacon of hope in the quest for human well-being. It traverses through the corridors of history, from ancient civilizations’ primitive remedies to the sophisticated treatments of the modern era. 27 Healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and allied health workers, dedicate their lives to the noble pursuit of healing and alleviating suffering. 28 Vaccination campaigns, sanitation efforts, and health education programs have played pivotal roles in reducing the burden of infectious diseases and improving overall health outcomes. Additionally, the recognition of mental health as an integral component of well-being has led to advancements in psychiatric care and psychological therapies. 29 The rise of antibiotic resistance, the threat of global pandemics, and the impacts of climate change on health further underscore the complexity of contemporary medical practice. Additionally, the aging population and the growing burden of non-communicable diseases pose significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Despite these obstacles, healthcare professionals remain dedicated to advancing medical knowledge, improving patient outcomes, and advocating for policies that prioritize health equity. 30 As society grapples with unprecedented health challenges, the resilience and ingenuity of the medical community serve as a beacon of hope, driving progress and transformation in healthcare systems across the globe.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題為篇章結構(Sentence Insertion / Cohesion & Coherence)題型,評量考生對「段落主題句與支持句之邏輯連貫(Coherence)」及「上下文語意銜接(Contextual Clues)」的掌握度。
解題關鍵在於辨識空格前後的語意層次切換:
- 空格前文:提及醫護人員(physicians, nurses, pharmacists 等)致力於治療與減輕病患痛苦,焦點停留在「個別臨床醫療照護(individual clinical care)」。
- 空格後文:列舉疫苗接種推廣(vaccination campaigns)、環境衛生改善(sanitation efforts)與衛教計畫(health education programs),並指出心理健康納入整體福祉,這些措施均屬於「群體層次(population level)的公共衛生(public health)」。
因此,空格必須扮演「承先啟後」的過渡句(transition / topic sentence),引導文章從「個別病患照護」拓展至「群體公共衛生」。
解題方法
- 鎖定前後句線索與語意定位:
- 前句:
Healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and allied health workers, dedicate their lives to the noble pursuit of healing and alleviating suffering.
翻譯:醫護專業人員,包括醫師、護理師、藥師及醫事人員,一生奉獻於治癒疾病與減輕痛苦的高尚志業。
分析:此處論述主軸在於醫事人員針對個別患者進行的醫療與照護工作。 - 後句:
Vaccination campaigns, sanitation efforts, and health education programs have played pivotal roles in reducing the burden of infectious diseases and improving overall health outcomes.
翻譯:疫苗接種活動、環境衛生措施以及衛教推廣計畫,在降低傳染病負擔與改善整體健康成效方面發揮了關鍵作用。
分析:疫苗、公共衛生與健康教育並非傳統診間內的一對一醫療,而是廣泛針對大眾的「公共衛生作為(public health initiatives)」。
- 尋找具對比/承接功能的關鍵字:
選項 (D) 的Beyond individual patient care(除了個別病患照護之外)精準呼應了空格前的醫護救治;而其主要子句medicine extends its reach to public health initiatives aimed at promoting wellness and preventing disease on a population level(醫學將其觸角延伸至旨在群體層面促進健康與預防疾病的公共衛生措施)則完美引出後文的疫苗、環境衛生與衛教計畫。
重要單字與片語解析
- amalgamation [əˌmælɡəˈmeɪʃən] (n.) 融合,混合
- beacon of hope (phr.) 希望的燈塔;指引希望的象徵
- allied health workers (phr.) 醫事輔助人員/醫事人員(如醫檢師、物理治療師等)
- pivotal [ˈpɪvətl] (adj.) 關鍵的,樞紐的
- sanitation [ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən] (n.) 公共衛生,衛生設備
- non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (phr.) 非傳染性疾病(如慢性病、心血管疾病等)
- health equity (phr.) 健康公平/醫療平權
- resilience [rɪˈzɪliəns] (n.) 韌性,復原力
- ingenuity [ˌɪndʒəˈnjuːəti] (n.) 獨創性,精巧智慧
選項分析
- **(A) However, the field of medicine faces ongoing challenges in adapting to rapidly evolving technologies, integrating electronic health records, and addressing the et
第 29 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Medicine, the intricate amalgamation of science, compassion, and innovation, stands as a beacon of hope in the quest for human well-being. It traverses through the corridors of history, from ancient civilizations’ primitive remedies to the sophisticated treatments of the modern era. 27 Healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and allied health workers, dedicate their lives to the noble pursuit of healing and alleviating suffering. 28 Vaccination campaigns, sanitation efforts, and health education programs have played pivotal roles in reducing the burden of infectious diseases and improving overall health outcomes. Additionally, the recognition of mental health as an integral component of well-being has led to advancements in psychiatric care and psychological therapies. 29 The rise of antibiotic resistance, the threat of global pandemics, and the impacts of climate change on health further underscore the complexity of contemporary medical practice. Additionally, the aging population and the growing burden of non-communicable diseases pose significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Despite these obstacles, healthcare professionals remain dedicated to advancing medical knowledge, improving patient outcomes, and advocating for policies that prioritize health equity. 30 As society grapples with unprecedented health challenges, the resilience and ingenuity of the medical community serve as a beacon of hope, driving progress and transformation in healthcare systems across the globe.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題為篇章結構(Sentence Insertion / Cohesion & Coherence)題型,評量考生對「段落主題句與支持句之邏輯連貫(Coherence)」及「上下文語意銜接(Contextual Clues)」的掌握度。
解題關鍵在於辨識空格前後的語意層次切換:
- 空格前文:提及醫護人員(physicians, nurses, pharmacists 等)致力於治療與減輕病患痛苦,焦點停留在「個別臨床醫療照護(individual clinical care)」。
- 空格後文:列舉疫苗接種推廣(vaccination campaigns)、環境衛生改善(sanitation efforts)與衛教計畫(health education programs),並指出心理健康納入整體福祉,這些措施均屬於「群體層次(population level)的公共衛生(public health)」。
因此,空格必須扮演「承先啟後」的過渡句(transition / topic sentence),引導文章從「個別病患照護」拓展至「群體公共衛生」。
解題方法
- 鎖定前後句線索與語意定位:
- 前句:
Healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and allied health workers, dedicate their lives to the noble pursuit of healing and alleviating suffering.
翻譯:醫護專業人員,包括醫師、護理師、藥師及醫事人員,一生奉獻於治癒疾病與減輕痛苦的高尚志業。
分析:此處論述主軸在於醫事人員針對個別患者進行的醫療與照護工作。 - 後句:
Vaccination campaigns, sanitation efforts, and health education programs have played pivotal roles in reducing the burden of infectious diseases and improving overall health outcomes.
翻譯:疫苗接種活動、環境衛生措施以及衛教推廣計畫,在降低傳染病負擔與改善整體健康成效方面發揮了關鍵作用。
分析:疫苗、公共衛生與健康教育並非傳統診間內的一對一醫療,而是廣泛針對大眾的「公共衛生作為(public health initiatives)」。
- 尋找具對比/承接功能的關鍵字:
選項 (D) 的Beyond individual patient care(除了個別病患照護之外)精準呼應了空格前的醫護救治;而其主要子句medicine extends its reach to public health initiatives aimed at promoting wellness and preventing disease on a population level(醫學將其觸角延伸至旨在群體層面促進健康與預防疾病的公共衛生措施)則完美引出後文的疫苗、環境衛生與衛教計畫。
重要單字與片語解析
- amalgamation [əˌmælɡəˈmeɪʃən] (n.) 融合,混合
- beacon of hope (phr.) 希望的燈塔;指引希望的象徵
- allied health workers (phr.) 醫事輔助人員/醫事人員(如醫檢師、物理治療師等)
- pivotal [ˈpɪvətl] (adj.) 關鍵的,樞紐的
- sanitation [ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən] (n.) 公共衛生,衛生設備
- non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (phr.) 非傳染性疾病(如慢性病、心血管疾病等)
- health equity (phr.) 健康公平/醫療平權
- resilience [rɪˈzɪliəns] (n.) 韌性,復原力
- ingenuity [ˌɪndʒəˈnjuːəti] (n.) 獨創性,精巧智慧
選項分析
- **(A) However, the field of medicine faces ongoing challenges in adapting to rapidly evolving technologies, integrating electronic health records, and addressing the et
第 30 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Medicine, the intricate amalgamation of science, compassion, and innovation, stands as a beacon of hope in the quest for human well-being. It traverses through the corridors of history, from ancient civilizations’ primitive remedies to the sophisticated treatments of the modern era. 27 Healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and allied health workers, dedicate their lives to the noble pursuit of healing and alleviating suffering. 28 Vaccination campaigns, sanitation efforts, and health education programs have played pivotal roles in reducing the burden of infectious diseases and improving overall health outcomes. Additionally, the recognition of mental health as an integral component of well-being has led to advancements in psychiatric care and psychological therapies. 29 The rise of antibiotic resistance, the threat of global pandemics, and the impacts of climate change on health further underscore the complexity of contemporary medical practice. Additionally, the aging population and the growing burden of non-communicable diseases pose significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Despite these obstacles, healthcare professionals remain dedicated to advancing medical knowledge, improving patient outcomes, and advocating for policies that prioritize health equity. 30 As society grapples with unprecedented health challenges, the resilience and ingenuity of the medical community serve as a beacon of hope, driving progress and transformation in healthcare systems across the globe.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題為篇章結構(Sentence Insertion / Cohesion & Coherence)題型,評量考生對「段落主題句與支持句之邏輯連貫(Coherence)」及「上下文語意銜接(Contextual Clues)」的掌握度。
解題關鍵在於辨識空格前後的語意層次切換:
- 空格前文:提及醫護人員(physicians, nurses, pharmacists 等)致力於治療與減輕病患痛苦,焦點停留在「個別臨床醫療照護(individual clinical care)」。
- 空格後文:列舉疫苗接種推廣(vaccination campaigns)、環境衛生改善(sanitation efforts)與衛教計畫(health education programs),並指出心理健康納入整體福祉,這些措施均屬於「群體層次(population level)的公共衛生(public health)」。
因此,空格必須扮演「承先啟後」的過渡句(transition / topic sentence),引導文章從「個別病患照護」拓展至「群體公共衛生」。
解題方法
- 鎖定前後句線索與語意定位:
- 前句:
Healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and allied health workers, dedicate their lives to the noble pursuit of healing and alleviating suffering.
翻譯:醫護專業人員,包括醫師、護理師、藥師及醫事人員,一生奉獻於治癒疾病與減輕痛苦的高尚志業。
分析:此處論述主軸在於醫事人員針對個別患者進行的醫療與照護工作。 - 後句:
Vaccination campaigns, sanitation efforts, and health education programs have played pivotal roles in reducing the burden of infectious diseases and improving overall health outcomes.
翻譯:疫苗接種活動、環境衛生措施以及衛教推廣計畫,在降低傳染病負擔與改善整體健康成效方面發揮了關鍵作用。
分析:疫苗、公共衛生與健康教育並非傳統診間內的一對一醫療,而是廣泛針對大眾的「公共衛生作為(public health initiatives)」。
- 尋找具對比/承接功能的關鍵字:
選項 (D) 的Beyond individual patient care(除了個別病患照護之外)精準呼應了空格前的醫護救治;而其主要子句medicine extends its reach to public health initiatives aimed at promoting wellness and preventing disease on a population level(醫學將其觸角延伸至旨在群體層面促進健康與預防疾病的公共衛生措施)則完美引出後文的疫苗、環境衛生與衛教計畫。
重要單字與片語解析
- amalgamation [əˌmælɡəˈmeɪʃən] (n.) 融合,混合
- beacon of hope (phr.) 希望的燈塔;指引希望的象徵
- allied health workers (phr.) 醫事輔助人員/醫事人員(如醫檢師、物理治療師等)
- pivotal [ˈpɪvətl] (adj.) 關鍵的,樞紐的
- sanitation [ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən] (n.) 公共衛生,衛生設備
- non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (phr.) 非傳染性疾病(如慢性病、心血管疾病等)
- health equity (phr.) 健康公平/醫療平權
- resilience [rɪˈzɪliəns] (n.) 韌性,復原力
- ingenuity [ˌɪndʒəˈnjuːəti] (n.) 獨創性,精巧智慧
選項分析
- **(A) However, the field of medicine faces ongoing challenges in adapting to rapidly evolving technologies, integrating electronic health records, and addressing the et
第 31 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The ancient city of Petra, nestled amidst the rocky desert landscapes of modern-day Jordan, is a testament to the ingenuity and architectural prowess of its Nabatean builders. Carved directly into the rose-red cliffs, Petra flourished as a major trading hub from the 4th century BCE to the 2nd century CE. Its strategic location along the famous Silk Road facilitated the exchange of goods and ideas between the Mediterranean, Arabian, and Asian regions.
One of Petra’s most iconic landmarks is the Treasury, known locally as Al-Khazneh. This magnificent structure, with its intricate façade adorned with columns, statues, and friezes, is believed to have served as a tomb for a Nabatean king. Legend has it that the Treasury also harbors hidden treasures, leading to numerous archaeological expeditions and treasure hunts over the centuries.
Beyond the Treasury, Petra boasts a wealth of archaeological wonders, including the Monastery, the Royal Tombs, and the Roman Theater. The Monastery, perched atop a mountain peak, is a marvel of Nabatean architecture, while the Royal Tombs showcase elaborate burial chambers carved into the cliffs. The Roman Theater, built during the Roman occupation of Petra, once hosted grand performances and gatherings, echoing with the voices of ancient civilizations.
Today, Petra stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts visitors from around the globe who come to marvel at its beauty and immerse themselves in its rich history. However, the site faces numerous challenges, including erosion, vandalism, and the pressures of tourism. Efforts are underway to preserve and protect Petra for future generations to enjoy and appreciate.
Despite the challenges, ongoing archaeological excavations continue to uncover new insights into Petra’s history and significance. Recent discoveries have shed light on the city’s complex water management systems, demonstrating the advanced engineering skills of the Nabateans. Additionally, studies of the city’s rock-cut architecture provide valuable clues about ancient building techniques and societal structures.
Furthermore, initiatives aimed at sustainable tourism are being implemented to mitigate the impact of visitor foot traffic on Petra’s fragile infrastructure. This includes the development of designated walking paths, visitor education programs, and stricter regulations to preserve the integrity of the archaeological site. By balancing conservation efforts with responsible tourism practices, stakeholders aim to ensure that Petra remains a timeless marvel for generations to come.
What is the iconic landmark in Petra believed to have served as a tomb for a Nabatean king?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題是英文閱讀理解,考查「文章細節定位」與「同義理解」。題目詢問 Petra 中哪一座地標被認為曾經是 Nabatean 國王的陵墓,答案必須直接從第二段找出。
關鍵句型為:
- be believed to have served as ...:被認為曾經充當……
- serve as:作為……使用、充當……
- a tomb for a Nabatean king:一位納巴泰國王的陵墓
其中 to have served 是「完成式不定詞」,表示 serve as 的動作發生在 believed 之前,即「被認為過去曾經作為陵墓」。
解題方法
先抓住題目關鍵字:
- iconic landmark:著名地標
- served as a tomb:作為陵墓
- a Nabatean king:納巴泰國王
回到文章第二段,定位到以下原文:
One of Petra’s most iconic landmarks is the Treasury, known locally as Al-Khazneh. This magnificent structure, with its intricate façade adorned with columns, statues, and friezes, is believed to have served as a tomb for a Nabatean king.
翻譯:
Petra 最具代表性的地標之一是 Treasury,當地稱為 Al-Khazneh。這座宏偉的建築物擁有以柱子、雕像和飾帶裝飾的精緻立面,被認為曾經是一位納巴泰國王的陵墓。
句中明確指出:
- the Treasury 是 Petra 的著名地標;
- 它被認為曾經是納巴泰國王的陵墓。
因此答案為 (D) The Treasury。
選項分析
(A) The Monastery
錯誤。文章第三段說:
The Monastery, perched atop a mountain peak, is a marvel of Nabatean architecture.
意思是:
Monastery 坐落在山峰頂端,是納巴泰建築的奇觀。
文章只描述 Monastery 的位置與建築特色,沒有說它是納巴泰國王的陵墓。
(B) The Royal Tombs
錯誤。文章指出:
The Royal Tombs showcase elaborate burial chambers carved into the cliffs.
意思是:
Royal Tombs 展示了雕刻在峭壁中的精美墓室。
雖然 Royal Tombs 的名稱與墓葬有關,且文章提到 burial chambers,但題目問的是「被認為曾作為一位納巴泰國王陵墓的地標」。原文將此描述明確連結到 the Treasury,而非 Royal Tombs。這是利用名稱造成的干擾選項。
(C) The Roman Theater
錯誤。文章說:
第 32 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The ancient city of Petra, nestled amidst the rocky desert landscapes of modern-day Jordan, is a testament to the ingenuity and architectural prowess of its Nabatean builders. Carved directly into the rose-red cliffs, Petra flourished as a major trading hub from the 4th century BCE to the 2nd century CE. Its strategic location along the famous Silk Road facilitated the exchange of goods and ideas between the Mediterranean, Arabian, and Asian regions.
One of Petra’s most iconic landmarks is the Treasury, known locally as Al-Khazneh. This magnificent structure, with its intricate façade adorned with columns, statues, and friezes, is believed to have served as a tomb for a Nabatean king. Legend has it that the Treasury also harbors hidden treasures, leading to numerous archaeological expeditions and treasure hunts over the centuries.
Beyond the Treasury, Petra boasts a wealth of archaeological wonders, including the Monastery, the Royal Tombs, and the Roman Theater. The Monastery, perched atop a mountain peak, is a marvel of Nabatean architecture, while the Royal Tombs showcase elaborate burial chambers carved into the cliffs. The Roman Theater, built during the Roman occupation of Petra, once hosted grand performances and gatherings, echoing with the voices of ancient civilizations.
Today, Petra stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts visitors from around the globe who come to marvel at its beauty and immerse themselves in its rich history. However, the site faces numerous challenges, including erosion, vandalism, and the pressures of tourism. Efforts are underway to preserve and protect Petra for future generations to enjoy and appreciate.
Despite the challenges, ongoing archaeological excavations continue to uncover new insights into Petra’s history and significance. Recent discoveries have shed light on the city’s complex water management systems, demonstrating the advanced engineering skills of the Nabateans. Additionally, studies of the city’s rock-cut architecture provide valuable clues about ancient building techniques and societal structures.
Furthermore, initiatives aimed at sustainable tourism are being implemented to mitigate the impact of visitor foot traffic on Petra’s fragile infrastructure. This includes the development of designated walking paths, visitor education programs, and stricter regulations to preserve the integrity of the archaeological site. By balancing conservation efforts with responsible tourism practices, stakeholders aim to ensure that Petra remains a timeless marvel for generations to come.
What was Petra known for during its prime?
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核心觀念
本題為閱讀理解題,考查考生能否從文章中找出「Petra 在全盛時期的主要功能」。解題重點是辨識題目中的關鍵字:
- during its prime:在其全盛時期
- known for:以……聞名
- major trading center:主要貿易中心
文章第一段直接指出,Petra 在古代是重要的貿易樞紐,因此答案為 Serving as a major trading center。
定位答案的原文
Petra flourished as a major trading hub from the 4th century BCE to the 2nd century CE.
翻譯:
Petra 從西元前 4 世紀到西元 2 世紀蓬勃發展,成為一個主要的貿易樞紐。
其中:
- flourish:繁榮、蓬勃發展
- trading hub:貿易樞紐、貿易中心
- BCE:Before Common Era,西元前
- CE:Common Era,西元
題目問 Petra 在全盛時期「以什麼聞名」,原文的 a major trading hub 正好對應選項 a major trading center。
解題方法
先抓題幹中的時間與功能:
- during its prime 對應文章中 Petra 的繁榮時期。
- 找出文章描述 Petra 全盛時期地位的句子。
- 將原文的 major trading hub 與選項進行同義替換:
- hub = center
- trading hub = trading center
- 文章提到 Petra 位於著名絲路沿線,促進地中海、阿拉伯與亞洲地區之間的貨物與思想交流,更進一步證明其核心身分是貿易中心。
相關原文如下:
Its strategic location along the famous Silk Road facilitated the exchange of goods and ideas between the Mediterranean, Arabian, and Asian regions.
翻譯:
它位於著名絲路沿線的戰略位置,促進了地中海、阿拉伯與亞洲地區之間的貨物與思想交流。
- strategic location:戰略位置
- along the Silk Road:沿著絲路
- facilitate:促進、便利
- the exchange of goods and ideas:貨物與思想的交流
選項分析
(A) Being a military fortress
作為軍事堡壘。
錯誤。文章沒有指出 Petra 在全盛時期是軍事堡壘,也沒有描述其主要功能為防禦、駐軍或軍事作戰。Petra 的重點是商業交流與建築成就,而非軍事用途。
(B) Serving as a major trading center
作為主要貿易中心。
正確。這是原文 flourished as a major trading hub 的同義改寫。Petra 位於絲路沿線,促進不同地區之間的貨物與思想交流,因此曾是重要的貿易中心。
第 33 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The ancient city of Petra, nestled amidst the rocky desert landscapes of modern-day Jordan, is a testament to the ingenuity and architectural prowess of its Nabatean builders. Carved directly into the rose-red cliffs, Petra flourished as a major trading hub from the 4th century BCE to the 2nd century CE. Its strategic location along the famous Silk Road facilitated the exchange of goods and ideas between the Mediterranean, Arabian, and Asian regions.
One of Petra’s most iconic landmarks is the Treasury, known locally as Al-Khazneh. This magnificent structure, with its intricate façade adorned with columns, statues, and friezes, is believed to have served as a tomb for a Nabatean king. Legend has it that the Treasury also harbors hidden treasures, leading to numerous archaeological expeditions and treasure hunts over the centuries.
Beyond the Treasury, Petra boasts a wealth of archaeological wonders, including the Monastery, the Royal Tombs, and the Roman Theater. The Monastery, perched atop a mountain peak, is a marvel of Nabatean architecture, while the Royal Tombs showcase elaborate burial chambers carved into the cliffs. The Roman Theater, built during the Roman occupation of Petra, once hosted grand performances and gatherings, echoing with the voices of ancient civilizations.
Today, Petra stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts visitors from around the globe who come to marvel at its beauty and immerse themselves in its rich history. However, the site faces numerous challenges, including erosion, vandalism, and the pressures of tourism. Efforts are underway to preserve and protect Petra for future generations to enjoy and appreciate.
Despite the challenges, ongoing archaeological excavations continue to uncover new insights into Petra’s history and significance. Recent discoveries have shed light on the city’s complex water management systems, demonstrating the advanced engineering skills of the Nabateans. Additionally, studies of the city’s rock-cut architecture provide valuable clues about ancient building techniques and societal structures.
Furthermore, initiatives aimed at sustainable tourism are being implemented to mitigate the impact of visitor foot traffic on Petra’s fragile infrastructure. This includes the development of designated walking paths, visitor education programs, and stricter regulations to preserve the integrity of the archaeological site. By balancing conservation efforts with responsible tourism practices, stakeholders aim to ensure that Petra remains a timeless marvel for generations to come.
Which of the following statements regarding Petra is FALSE?
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核心觀念
本題是閱讀理解中的「找出錯誤敘述」題,重點在於:
- 找出文章中與選項直接對應的資訊。
- 比較選項與原文的主詞、時間、身分及建築風格是否一致。
- 注意選項常以「替換關鍵字」製造陷阱,例如將 Nabatean 改成 Roman、將 Roman occupation 改成 Hellenistic period。
本題的關鍵在於辨識:
- Nabatean architecture:納巴泰建築
- Roman occupation:羅馬統治/占領時期
- Hellenistic period:希臘化時期
解題方法
先依序回文章定位各選項:
- Petra 的繁盛年代
- Treasury 的用途
- Monastery 的建築風格
- Royal Tombs 的特色
- Roman Theater 的建造時期
只要選項與原文明顯矛盾,即為錯誤敘述。
文章中有兩處直接資訊:
“The Monastery, perched atop a mountain peak, is a marvel of Nabatean architecture”
翻譯:位於山峰頂端的修道院,是納巴泰建築的傑作。
以及:
“The Roman Theater, built during the Roman occupation of Petra”
翻譯:羅馬劇場建於羅馬統治佩特拉期間。
因此,Monastery 並非 Roman architecture;Roman Theater 也不是建於 Hellenistic period。
選項分析
(A) Petra flourished as a major trading hub from the 4th century BCE to the 2nd century CE.
翻譯:佩特拉從西元前 4 世紀到西元 2 世紀,繁盛發展為重要的貿易中心。
原文:
“Petra flourished as a major trading hub from the 4th century BCE to the 2nd century CE.”
這與原文完全一致,故正確。
關鍵字:
- flourish:繁榮、興盛
- trading hub:貿易樞紐
- BCE:Before Common Era,西元前
- CE:Common Era,西元
(B) The Treasury is speculated to have served as a tomb for a Nabatean king.
翻譯:據推測,寶庫曾作為一位納巴泰國王的陵墓。
原文:
“This magnificent structure ... is believed to have served as a tomb for a Nabatean king.”
這與原文的 is believed to have served as 意思相同,表示「被認為曾經作為……」。選項中的 is speculated to have served as 也是「據推測曾作為……」之意,故正確。
關鍵片語:
- be believed to have p.p.:被認為曾經……
- be speculated to have p.p.:據推測曾經……
- serve as:充當、作為
- tomb:陵墓
(C) The Monastery is a prime example of Roman architecture.
翻譯:修道院是羅馬建築的典範。
原文:
第 34 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The ancient city of Petra, nestled amidst the rocky desert landscapes of modern-day Jordan, is a testament to the ingenuity and architectural prowess of its Nabatean builders. Carved directly into the rose-red cliffs, Petra flourished as a major trading hub from the 4th century BCE to the 2nd century CE. Its strategic location along the famous Silk Road facilitated the exchange of goods and ideas between the Mediterranean, Arabian, and Asian regions.
One of Petra’s most iconic landmarks is the Treasury, known locally as Al-Khazneh. This magnificent structure, with its intricate façade adorned with columns, statues, and friezes, is believed to have served as a tomb for a Nabatean king. Legend has it that the Treasury also harbors hidden treasures, leading to numerous archaeological expeditions and treasure hunts over the centuries.
Beyond the Treasury, Petra boasts a wealth of archaeological wonders, including the Monastery, the Royal Tombs, and the Roman Theater. The Monastery, perched atop a mountain peak, is a marvel of Nabatean architecture, while the Royal Tombs showcase elaborate burial chambers carved into the cliffs. The Roman Theater, built during the Roman occupation of Petra, once hosted grand performances and gatherings, echoing with the voices of ancient civilizations.
Today, Petra stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts visitors from around the globe who come to marvel at its beauty and immerse themselves in its rich history. However, the site faces numerous challenges, including erosion, vandalism, and the pressures of tourism. Efforts are underway to preserve and protect Petra for future generations to enjoy and appreciate.
Despite the challenges, ongoing archaeological excavations continue to uncover new insights into Petra’s history and significance. Recent discoveries have shed light on the city’s complex water management systems, demonstrating the advanced engineering skills of the Nabateans. Additionally, studies of the city’s rock-cut architecture provide valuable clues about ancient building techniques and societal structures.
Furthermore, initiatives aimed at sustainable tourism are being implemented to mitigate the impact of visitor foot traffic on Petra’s fragile infrastructure. This includes the development of designated walking paths, visitor education programs, and stricter regulations to preserve the integrity of the archaeological site. By balancing conservation efforts with responsible tourism practices, stakeholders aim to ensure that Petra remains a timeless marvel for generations to come.
How do initiatives aimed at sustainable tourism impact Petra?
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核心觀念
本題為閱讀理解題,考查考生:
- 能否掌握題幹的主旨與細節。
- 能否依據關鍵句判斷因果關係。
- 能否辨識選項與文章內容是否相符。
題目問:
How do initiatives aimed at sustainable tourism impact Petra?
以永續觀光為目標的措施如何影響佩特拉?
關鍵字為:
- initiative:倡議;措施;計畫
- aim at:以……為目標
- sustainable tourism:永續觀光
- impact:影響
- preserve:保存;維護
- integrity:完整性;原貌
- archaeological site:考古遺址
- designated walking paths:指定步道
- visitor education programs:遊客教育計畫
- stricter regulations:更嚴格的規範
- foot traffic:人流;遊客步行造成的踩踏
解題方法
先確認題目詢問的是「永續觀光措施所產生的影響」,再回到文章最後一段尋找相關內容。
定位答案的原文為:
Furthermore, initiatives aimed at sustainable tourism are being implemented to mitigate the impact of visitor foot traffic on Petra’s fragile infrastructure.
翻譯:
此外,目前正推行以永續觀光為目標的措施,以減輕遊客人流對佩特拉脆弱基礎設施所造成的影響。
接著文章列出這些措施:
This includes the development of designated walking paths, visitor education programs, and stricter regulations to preserve the integrity of the archaeological site.
翻譯:
這些措施包括設置指定步道、推動遊客教育計畫,以及制定更嚴格的規範,以保存考古遺址的完整性。
因此,永續觀光措施的目的在於減少遊客活動對遺址的損害,並維護考古遺址的完整性,答案為 (B)。
文法與語意重點
- initiatives aimed at sustainable tourism
aimed at + 名詞/動名詞 表示「以……為目標的」。
- initiatives aimed at sustainable tourism
以永續觀光為目標的措施
- are being implemented
這是現在進行式被動語態:
表示這些措施目前正在推行中。
- to mitigate the impact of A on B
mitigate 表示「減輕、緩和」;此片語意為:
減輕 A 對 B 的影響
本文中:
mitigate the impact of visitor foot traffic on Petra’s fragile infrastructure
即「減輕遊客人流對佩特拉脆弱基礎設施的影響」。
第 35 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The ancient city of Petra, nestled amidst the rocky desert landscapes of modern-day Jordan, is a testament to the ingenuity and architectural prowess of its Nabatean builders. Carved directly into the rose-red cliffs, Petra flourished as a major trading hub from the 4th century BCE to the 2nd century CE. Its strategic location along the famous Silk Road facilitated the exchange of goods and ideas between the Mediterranean, Arabian, and Asian regions.
One of Petra’s most iconic landmarks is the Treasury, known locally as Al-Khazneh. This magnificent structure, with its intricate façade adorned with columns, statues, and friezes, is believed to have served as a tomb for a Nabatean king. Legend has it that the Treasury also harbors hidden treasures, leading to numerous archaeological expeditions and treasure hunts over the centuries.
Beyond the Treasury, Petra boasts a wealth of archaeological wonders, including the Monastery, the Royal Tombs, and the Roman Theater. The Monastery, perched atop a mountain peak, is a marvel of Nabatean architecture, while the Royal Tombs showcase elaborate burial chambers carved into the cliffs. The Roman Theater, built during the Roman occupation of Petra, once hosted grand performances and gatherings, echoing with the voices of ancient civilizations.
Today, Petra stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts visitors from around the globe who come to marvel at its beauty and immerse themselves in its rich history. However, the site faces numerous challenges, including erosion, vandalism, and the pressures of tourism. Efforts are underway to preserve and protect Petra for future generations to enjoy and appreciate.
Despite the challenges, ongoing archaeological excavations continue to uncover new insights into Petra’s history and significance. Recent discoveries have shed light on the city’s complex water management systems, demonstrating the advanced engineering skills of the Nabateans. Additionally, studies of the city’s rock-cut architecture provide valuable clues about ancient building techniques and societal structures.
Furthermore, initiatives aimed at sustainable tourism are being implemented to mitigate the impact of visitor foot traffic on Petra’s fragile infrastructure. This includes the development of designated walking paths, visitor education programs, and stricter regulations to preserve the integrity of the archaeological site. By balancing conservation efforts with responsible tourism practices, stakeholders aim to ensure that Petra remains a timeless marvel for generations to come.
What evidence suggests that the Nabateans possessed advanced architectural skills in Petra?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與「因果語意判斷」。
題目問:哪一項證據顯示 Nabateans 在 Petra 擁有高超的建築技能?關鍵在於尋找文章中直接描述其建築特色的內容,而非選擇與交通、傳說或保存問題相關的資訊。
文中明確指出:
“This magnificent structure, with its intricate façade adorned with columns, statues, and friezes, is believed to have served as a tomb for a Nabatean king.”
意為:「這座宏偉的建築擁有以柱子、雕像和飾帶裝飾的精緻立面,相信曾經是納巴泰國王的陵墓。」
其中 “intricate façade” 指「精緻複雜的建築立面」,而 columns、statues、friezes 分別是「柱子、雕像、飾帶」,這些具體的建築裝飾正是高超建築技術的直接證據。
解題方法
先抓題幹關鍵字:
- evidence:證據
- advanced architectural skills:高超的建築技能
接著回文章尋找與建築工藝直接相關的描述。第二段介紹 Treasury 時,明確描寫其立面具有精細雕刻與多種裝飾元素,這直接呈現 Nabateans 的建築能力,因此選擇 B。
其他資訊雖然與 Petra 有關,但沒有直接證明「建築技能」:
- Silk Road 的位置只能說明交通與貿易優勢。
- hidden treasures 屬於傳說內容。
- erosion、vandalism、tourism pressures 是遺址保存所面臨的問題。
- Monastery 位於山頂,主要是位置描述,並非最直接的技術證據。
關鍵單字與片語
- ancient city:古城
- nestled amidst:坐落於……之間
- rocky desert landscapes:岩石遍布的沙漠景觀
- testament to:證明……的事物
- ingenuity:創造力;巧思
- architectural prowess:建築才能
- carved directly into:直接雕刻於
- rose-red cliffs:玫瑰紅色峭壁
- flourish:繁榮;興盛
- trading hub:貿易中心
- strategic location:戰略位置
- facilitate:促進;便利
- intricate:精細複雜的
- façade:建築物正面;立面
- adorn:裝飾
- column:柱子
- statue:雕像
- frieze:飾帶
- tomb:陵墓
- harbor:藏有;窩藏
- archaeological expedition:考古探勘
- perched atop:坐落於……頂端
- burial chamber:墓室
- erosion:侵蝕
- vandalism:蓄意破壞
- preserve and protect:保存與保護
- water management system:水資源管理系統
- sustainable tourism:永續觀光
- fragile infrastructure:脆弱的遺址結構
文法與語意重點
句子:
“This magnificent structure, with its intricate façade adorned with columns, statues, and friezes, is believed to have served as a tomb for a Nabatean king.”
句中主詞為 “This magnificent structure”,主要動詞為 “is believed”。
第 36 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In the unfathomable depths of the Antarctic wilderness lies an enigmatic ecosystem shrouded in mystery and resilience. The Antarctic continent, with its vast icy expanses and extreme climatic conditions, stands as one of the most inhospitable yet captivating regions on Earth. Spanning approximately 14 million square kilometers, it represents the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, harboring unique adaptations and life forms found nowhere else on the planet.
The Antarctic landscape is dominated by immense ice shelves, towering glaciers, and majestic mountain ranges, sculpted over millennia by the relentless forces of nature. Beneath the frozen surface, the Southern Ocean teems with an astonishing diversity of marine life, from microscopic phytoplankton to colossal blue whales, forming the foundation of the Antarctic food web.
Despite its remote and hostile environment, the Antarctic ecosystem thrives with resilience and ingenuity. Adapted to extreme cold and darkness, Antarctic organisms have evolved remarkable survival strategies, from the antifreeze proteins of Antarctic fish to the cryptic camouflage of Weddell seals. Yet, this fragile ecosystem faces unprecedented challenges in the wake of climate change and human activities.
What are some characteristics of the Antarctic continent mentioned in the passage?
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核心觀念
本題為閱讀理解題,考查考生:
- 能否從文章中擷取明確資訊。
- 能否掌握描述 Antarctic continent 的關鍵形容詞與名詞。
- 能否排除與文章內容相反或未提及的選項。
文章明確指出南極洲具有:
- vast icy expanses:廣大的冰封地域
- extreme climatic conditions:極端的氣候條件
- coldest:最寒冷
- driest:最乾燥
- windiest:風勢最強、最狂風的
因此,正確答案必須同時符合「冰雪地景」與「嚴酷氣候」兩項特徵。
定位原文與翻譯
關鍵句為:
“The Antarctic continent, with its vast icy expanses and extreme climatic conditions, stands as one of the most inhospitable yet captivating regions on Earth.”
翻譯:
南極洲擁有廣大的冰封地域與極端的氣候條件,是地球上最不適合人類居住、卻也最引人入勝的地區之一。
另一句補充說明:
“It represents the coldest, driest, and windiest continent…”
翻譯:
它是世界上最寒冷、最乾燥、風勢最強的洲。
由此可直接判定南極洲的特色是「冰封景觀與嚴峻天候」。
關鍵單字與片語
- unfathomable depths:深不可測的深處
- Antarctic wilderness:南極荒野
- enigmatic:神秘難解的
- ecosystem:生態系
- shrouded in mystery:籠罩在神秘之中
- resilience:韌性、恢復力
- icy expanses:廣大的冰封區域
- extreme climatic conditions:極端氣候條件
- inhospitable:不適合居住的
- captivating:迷人的、吸引人的
- ice shelves:冰棚
- glaciers:冰河、冰川
- mountain ranges:山脈
- Southern Ocean:南大洋
- marine life:海洋生物
- food web:食物網
- adapted to:適應……
- antifreeze proteins:抗凍蛋白
- cryptic camouflage:隱蔽性保護色
- in the wake of:隨著……之後、因應……
- climate change:氣候變遷
解題方法
先鎖定題幹中的核心名詞 characteristics of the Antarctic continent,也就是「文章提到的南極洲特徵」。接著回文章第一段尋找直接描述 Antarctic continent 的句子。
文章使用 icy、extreme、coldest、driest、windiest 等字,整體語意集中在:
第 37 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In the unfathomable depths of the Antarctic wilderness lies an enigmatic ecosystem shrouded in mystery and resilience. The Antarctic continent, with its vast icy expanses and extreme climatic conditions, stands as one of the most inhospitable yet captivating regions on Earth. Spanning approximately 14 million square kilometers, it represents the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, harboring unique adaptations and life forms found nowhere else on the planet.
The Antarctic landscape is dominated by immense ice shelves, towering glaciers, and majestic mountain ranges, sculpted over millennia by the relentless forces of nature. Beneath the frozen surface, the Southern Ocean teems with an astonishing diversity of marine life, from microscopic phytoplankton to colossal blue whales, forming the foundation of the Antarctic food web.
Despite its remote and hostile environment, the Antarctic ecosystem thrives with resilience and ingenuity. Adapted to extreme cold and darkness, Antarctic organisms have evolved remarkable survival strategies, from the antifreeze proteins of Antarctic fish to the cryptic camouflage of Weddell seals. Yet, this fragile ecosystem faces unprecedented challenges in the wake of climate change and human activities.
What is unique about the Antarctic ecosystem?
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核心觀念
本題為閱讀理解題,考查考生:
- 擷取文章主旨與關鍵細節
- 判斷選項是否符合文章明示內容
- 理解重要單字、片語及語意
題目問:
What is unique about the Antarctic ecosystem?
南極生態系的獨特之處是什麼?
文章第一段明確指出:
“harboring unique adaptations and life forms found nowhere else on the planet.”
「孕育著在地球其他地方都找不到的獨特適應方式與生命形態。」
因此,答案是南極生態系具有其他地區沒有的特殊生物適應與生命形式。
解題方法
先抓題幹中的關鍵字 unique,再回文章尋找與「獨特性」相關的句子。文章以南極的極端環境、生物適應能力及海洋生物多樣性為主軸,其中第一段直接說明南極:
“harboring unique adaptations and life forms found nowhere else on the planet.”
句中:
- harbor:容納、孕育、擁有
- unique:獨特的、唯一的
- adaptations:適應特徵、適應方式
- life forms:生命形態、生物種類
- found nowhere else:在其他任何地方都找不到
這句與選項 (D) 完全對應,故選 (D)。
文法與語意重點
- 分詞片語 harboring...
原句:
The Antarctic continent ... stands as one of the most inhospitable yet captivating regions on Earth, harboring unique adaptations and life forms ...
harboring 是現在分詞,形成分詞片語,修飾前面的 The Antarctic continent,表示「南極洲孕育或擁有獨特的適應方式與生命形態」。
- found nowhere else on the planet
這是過去分詞片語,修飾前面的 unique adaptations and life forms。
- found:被發現、存在
- nowhere else:其他任何地方都沒有
- on the planet:在地球上
整體意義為「在地球其他地方都不存在的」。
- yet 的對比語意
one of the most inhospitable yet captivating regions
inhospitable 意為「不適合居住的、惡劣的」,captivating 意為「迷人的、引人入勝的」。yet 表示轉折,形成「雖然環境極端惡劣,卻十分迷人」的對比。
選項分析
第 38 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In the unfathomable depths of the Antarctic wilderness lies an enigmatic ecosystem shrouded in mystery and resilience. The Antarctic continent, with its vast icy expanses and extreme climatic conditions, stands as one of the most inhospitable yet captivating regions on Earth. Spanning approximately 14 million square kilometers, it represents the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, harboring unique adaptations and life forms found nowhere else on the planet.
The Antarctic landscape is dominated by immense ice shelves, towering glaciers, and majestic mountain ranges, sculpted over millennia by the relentless forces of nature. Beneath the frozen surface, the Southern Ocean teems with an astonishing diversity of marine life, from microscopic phytoplankton to colossal blue whales, forming the foundation of the Antarctic food web.
Despite its remote and hostile environment, the Antarctic ecosystem thrives with resilience and ingenuity. Adapted to extreme cold and darkness, Antarctic organisms have evolved remarkable survival strategies, from the antifreeze proteins of Antarctic fish to the cryptic camouflage of Weddell seals. Yet, this fragile ecosystem faces unprecedented challenges in the wake of climate change and human activities.
What dominates the Antarctic landscape?
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核心觀念
本題是閱讀理解題,考查考生:
- 能否從文章中找出與題目直接對應的關鍵句。
- 能否掌握 dominate 的語意。
- 能否辨識文章對南極地景的描述,排除與文章內容及南極環境不符的選項。
題目問:
What dominates the Antarctic landscape?
什麼景觀主宰/構成南極的主要地貌?
關鍵字 dominate 是「主宰、支配、占主要部分」的意思。題幹第二段明確描述南極地景的主要構成,因此答案可直接由原文定位。
解題方法
先找題目中的核心字 landscape,再回到文章尋找描述 Antarctic landscape 的句子。第二段開頭即出現完全對應的關鍵句:
The Antarctic landscape is dominated by immense ice shelves, towering glaciers, and majestic mountain ranges, sculpted over millennia by the relentless forces of nature.
翻譯:
南極的地景主要由巨大的冰棚、高聳的冰河與雄偉的山脈構成,這些地貌經過大自然持續不懈的力量,在數千年間雕塑而成。
其中:
- is dominated by:主要由……構成;受……支配
- immense ice shelves:巨大的冰棚
- towering glaciers:高聳的冰河
- majestic mountain ranges:雄偉的山脈
選項中只有 Gigantic ice shelves and towering glaciers 同時符合原文所述的南極主要地景。
文法與語意重點
- be dominated by + 名詞
這是被動語態,表示「主要由……支配/構成」。
- The landscape is dominated by ice.
- 這片地景主要由冰層構成。
原文的主詞是 The Antarctic landscape,受詞概念則是 immense ice shelves, towering glaciers, and majestic mountain ranges。
- landscape
landscape 指「地景、景觀、地貌」,不是單指某一種生物或氣候現象。題目詢問的是南極表面的主要地貌,因此應選擇冰棚、冰河、山脈等地形景觀。
- immense、gigantic、towering
- immense:巨大的、極大的
- gigantic:巨大的、龐大的
- towering:高聳的
選項 B 使用 gigantic ice shelves and towering glaciers,雖然將原文的 immense 改為同義字 gigantic,仍然保留核
第 39 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In the unfathomable depths of the Antarctic wilderness lies an enigmatic ecosystem shrouded in mystery and resilience. The Antarctic continent, with its vast icy expanses and extreme climatic conditions, stands as one of the most inhospitable yet captivating regions on Earth. Spanning approximately 14 million square kilometers, it represents the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, harboring unique adaptations and life forms found nowhere else on the planet.
The Antarctic landscape is dominated by immense ice shelves, towering glaciers, and majestic mountain ranges, sculpted over millennia by the relentless forces of nature. Beneath the frozen surface, the Southern Ocean teems with an astonishing diversity of marine life, from microscopic phytoplankton to colossal blue whales, forming the foundation of the Antarctic food web.
Despite its remote and hostile environment, the Antarctic ecosystem thrives with resilience and ingenuity. Adapted to extreme cold and darkness, Antarctic organisms have evolved remarkable survival strategies, from the antifreeze proteins of Antarctic fish to the cryptic camouflage of Weddell seals. Yet, this fragile ecosystem faces unprecedented challenges in the wake of climate change and human activities.
How does the Southern Ocean contribute to the Antarctic ecosystem?
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核心觀念
本題是閱讀理解題,考查考生:
- 能否從文章中找出與選項直接對應的關鍵句。
- 能否掌握字詞在上下文中的語意。
- 能否辨別選項是否偷換概念、與文章內容相反,或加入文章未提及的資訊。
題目問:
How does the Southern Ocean contribute to the Antarctic ecosystem?
南大洋如何促成南極生態系的運作?
關鍵在於文章第二段明確指出,南大洋擁有多樣的海洋生物,這些生物構成南極食物網的基礎。
關鍵單字與片語
- unfathomable depths:深不可測的深處
- Antarctic wilderness:南極荒野
- enigmatic:神秘難解的
- ecosystem:生態系
- shrouded in mystery:籠罩在神秘之中
- resilience:韌性、恢復力
- inhospitable:不適合生存的、惡劣的
- captivating:迷人的、引人入勝的
- vast icy expanses:廣大的冰原
- extreme climatic conditions:極端的氣候條件
- harbor:容納、擁有、棲息
- adaptation:適應特徵
- ice shelf:冰棚
- glacier:冰河
- sculpted:被塑造、雕琢
- teem with:充滿、大量存在
- astonishing diversity:驚人的多樣性
- marine life:海洋生物
- phytoplankton:浮游植物
- colossal:巨大的
- food web:食物網
- thrive:蓬勃發展、生生不息
- adapted to:適應……
- antifreeze proteins:抗凍蛋白
- cryptic camouflage:隱蔽性保護色
- unprecedented challenges:前所未有的挑戰
- in the wake of:隨著……之後、因……而起
定位答案的關鍵句
文章第二段指出:
Beneath the frozen surface, the Southern Ocean teems with an astonishing diversity of marine life, from microscopic phytoplankton to colossal blue whales, forming the foundation of the Antarctic food web.
翻譯:
在冰封的表面之下,南大洋充滿驚人多樣的海洋生物,從微小的浮游植物到巨大的藍鯨都有,這些生物構成南極食物網的基礎。
其中:
- teems with 對應南大洋「擁有大量海洋生物」。
- forming the foundation of the Antarctic food web 對應「構成南極食物網的基礎」。
因此,南大洋在南極生態系中的重要功能,是提供海洋生物並支撐整個食物網。
文法與語意重點
句子中的 forming 是現在分詞片語,修飾前方的海洋生物:
marine life ..., forming the foundation of the Antarctic food web
可理解為:
這些海洋生物構成南極食物網的基礎。
第 40 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In the unfathomable depths of the Antarctic wilderness lies an enigmatic ecosystem shrouded in mystery and resilience. The Antarctic continent, with its vast icy expanses and extreme climatic conditions, stands as one of the most inhospitable yet captivating regions on Earth. Spanning approximately 14 million square kilometers, it represents the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, harboring unique adaptations and life forms found nowhere else on the planet.
The Antarctic landscape is dominated by immense ice shelves, towering glaciers, and majestic mountain ranges, sculpted over millennia by the relentless forces of nature. Beneath the frozen surface, the Southern Ocean teems with an astonishing diversity of marine life, from microscopic phytoplankton to colossal blue whales, forming the foundation of the Antarctic food web.
Despite its remote and hostile environment, the Antarctic ecosystem thrives with resilience and ingenuity. Adapted to extreme cold and darkness, Antarctic organisms have evolved remarkable survival strategies, from the antifreeze proteins of Antarctic fish to the cryptic camouflage of Weddell seals. Yet, this fragile ecosystem faces unprecedented challenges in the wake of climate change and human activities.
From the passage, what can be inferred about the Antarctic wilderness?
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核心觀念
本題是閱讀測驗中的「推論題」,要求根據文章內容判斷 Antarctic wilderness(南極荒野)的特徵。解題重點不是尋找逐字出現的答案,而是整合文章中的描述,推知作者對南極生態系的整體看法。
文章反覆強調南極環境雖然嚴酷,生物卻能透過特殊適應機制生存,顯示 Antarctic wilderness 具有高度的韌性(resilience)。
定位答案的原文
文中明確指出:
“Despite its remote and hostile environment, the Antarctic ecosystem thrives with resilience and ingenuity.”
翻譯為:
「儘管南極生態系位於偏遠且惡劣的環境中,仍憑藉韌性與創新能力蓬勃發展。」
其中的關鍵字是 resilience,意為「韌性、復原力、在逆境中持續存在與恢復的能力」。這句直接支持南極荒野以「韌性」為特色。
文章也提到:
“Adapted to extreme cold and darkness, Antarctic organisms have evolved remarkable survival strategies…”
翻譯為:
「南極生物適應極端寒冷與黑暗的環境,演化出令人驚嘆的生存策略。」
這進一步說明南極生態系並非單純脆弱,而是具有因應極端環境的適應能力。
關鍵單字與片語
- unfathomable depths:深不可測的深處
- Antarctic wilderness:南極荒野
- enigmatic:神秘難解的
- ecosystem:生態系
- shrouded in mystery:籠罩在神秘之中
- resilience:韌性、復原力
- inhospitable:不適合居住的、惡劣的
- captivating:引人入勝的
- adaptation:適應、適應特徵
- ice shelf:冰棚
- glacier:冰河
- teem with:充滿
- diversity:多樣性
- phytoplankton:浮游植物
- food web:食物網
- thrive:茁壯成長、蓬勃發展
- ingenuity:創造力、巧思
- antifreeze protein:抗凍蛋白
- cryptic camouflage:隱蔽性偽裝
- unprecedented challenges:前所未有的挑戰
- in the wake of:隨著……之後、因……而起
文法與語意重點
- Despite + 名詞片語
原文:
“Despite its remote and hostile environment…”
despite 是介系詞,後面接名詞、代名詞或動名詞,表示「儘管……」。此處指出南極環境惡劣,但後面的主句強調生態系仍能蓬勃發展,形成「逆境與韌性」的對比。
- thrive with + 抽象名詞
“the Antarctic ecosystem thrives with resilience and ingenuity”
第 41 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands as the pinnacle of human ingenuity, representing the culmination of decades of research and innovation in the realm of computer science and cognitive psychology. AI systems, powered by advanced algorithms and neural networks, possess the remarkable ability to simulate human intelligence, learning, and problem-solving in ways previously thought unimaginable.
At the forefront of AI research is the development of deep learning algorithms, inspired by the structure and function of the human brain. These algorithms, fueled by massive datasets and computational power, enable machines to recognize patterns, process natural language, and make decisions with astonishing accuracy and efficiency. From image recognition and speech synthesis to autonomous vehicles and medical diagnosis, the applications of deep learning span a myriad of domains, revolutionizing industries and transforming the way we live and work.
One of the most exciting advancements in AI is the emergence of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), a groundbreaking framework for generating synthetic data with unprecedented realism. GANs consist of two neural networks—a generator and a discriminator—locked in a constant battle of wits, where the generator strives to produce indistinguishable data from real samples, while the discriminator aims to differentiate between real and fake data. This adversarial training process results in the creation of lifelike images, videos, and audio recordings that blur the line between reality and simulation.
In addition to GANs, AI researchers are exploring the potential of reinforcement learning, a technique inspired by behavioral psychology and operant conditioning. Reinforcement learning algorithms learn to make decisions by interacting with an environment, receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties based on their actions. Through trial and error, these algorithms improve their decision-making abilities over time, mastering complex tasks such as playing video games, optimizing logistics, and controlling robotic systems.
Despite the remarkable progress in AI, significant challenges remain on the horizon. Ethical considerations surrounding AI governance, transparency, and bias mitigation are hotly debated topics, raising concerns about the societal impact and ethical implications of AI-powered systems. Additionally, the pursuit of artificial general intelligence (AGI), a hypothetical form of AI that exhibits human-like intelligence across a wide range of tasks, poses profound philosophical and existential questions about the nature of consciousness and the future of humanity.
In the midst of these challenges, the potential of AI to reshape the fabric of society and accelerate human progress is undeniable. By harnessing the power of AI responsibly and ethically, we can unlock unprecedented opportunities for innovation, discovery, and societal advancement.
What is Artificial Intelligence (AI) and what does it represent?
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 閱讀文章首段的主旨定位。
- 關鍵字與同義改寫。
- 分詞片語的語意判讀。
- 選項與原文的邏輯一致性。
文章對 Artificial Intelligence(AI)的定義與定位集中在第一段:
“Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands as the pinnacle of human ingenuity, representing the culmination of decades of research and innovation in the realm of computer science and cognitive psychology.”
翻譯:人工智慧(AI)是人類智慧的巔峰,代表著數十年來在電腦科學與認知心理學領域中研究與創新的集大成。
其中:
- pinnacle:頂峰、巔峰
- human ingenuity:人類的創造力與智慧
- represent:代表
- culmination:高峰、集大成、最終成果
- decades of research and innovation:數十年的研究與創新
- the realm of:……的領域
- computer science:電腦科學
- cognitive psychology:認知心理學
因此,AI 是一種複雜的電腦技術或系統,並且象徵電腦科學與認知心理學數十年研究、創新的成果。
文法與語意重點
句中 representing the culmination... 是現在分詞片語,修飾前面的 Artificial Intelligence (AI),可理解為:
AI represents the culmination of decades of research and innovation.
也就是「AI 代表數十年研究與創新的集大成」。
題目問:
What is Artificial Intelligence (AI) and what does it represent?
可拆成兩部分:
- AI 是什麼:一種複雜的電腦程式、系統或技術。
- AI 代表什麼:電腦科學與認知心理學中人類智慧及數十年研究創新的集大成。
解題方法
先找題目所問內容在文章中的直接依據。文章第一句已經同時回答「AI 是什麼」以及「AI 代表什麼」:
- “Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands as the pinnacle of human ingenuity”
→ AI 是人類智慧的巔峰。 - “representing the culmination of decades of research and innovation”
→ AI 是數十年研究與創新的集大成。 - “in the realm of computer science and cognitive psychology”
→ 相關領域是電腦科學與認知心理學。
再將選項與原文進行比對:
- 是否符合 AI 複雜、先進的特性?
- 是否表達「研究與創新的集大成」?
- 是否誤把 culmination 解釋成 beginning 或 end?
符合全部條件的是 (A)。
選項分析
(A) A complex computer program; the culmination of human ingenuity in computer science and cognitive psychology.
正確。
- a complex computer program 對應文章中由先進演算法、神經網路所構成的 AI 系統,符合 AI 複雜且高度技術化的特性。
- the culmination of human ingenuity 對應原文的 “the pinnacle of human ingenuity” 與 “the culmination of decades of research and innovation”。
第 42 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands as the pinnacle of human ingenuity, representing the culmination of decades of research and innovation in the realm of computer science and cognitive psychology. AI systems, powered by advanced algorithms and neural networks, possess the remarkable ability to simulate human intelligence, learning, and problem-solving in ways previously thought unimaginable.
At the forefront of AI research is the development of deep learning algorithms, inspired by the structure and function of the human brain. These algorithms, fueled by massive datasets and computational power, enable machines to recognize patterns, process natural language, and make decisions with astonishing accuracy and efficiency. From image recognition and speech synthesis to autonomous vehicles and medical diagnosis, the applications of deep learning span a myriad of domains, revolutionizing industries and transforming the way we live and work.
One of the most exciting advancements in AI is the emergence of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), a groundbreaking framework for generating synthetic data with unprecedented realism. GANs consist of two neural networks—a generator and a discriminator—locked in a constant battle of wits, where the generator strives to produce indistinguishable data from real samples, while the discriminator aims to differentiate between real and fake data. This adversarial training process results in the creation of lifelike images, videos, and audio recordings that blur the line between reality and simulation.
In addition to GANs, AI researchers are exploring the potential of reinforcement learning, a technique inspired by behavioral psychology and operant conditioning. Reinforcement learning algorithms learn to make decisions by interacting with an environment, receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties based on their actions. Through trial and error, these algorithms improve their decision-making abilities over time, mastering complex tasks such as playing video games, optimizing logistics, and controlling robotic systems.
Despite the remarkable progress in AI, significant challenges remain on the horizon. Ethical considerations surrounding AI governance, transparency, and bias mitigation are hotly debated topics, raising concerns about the societal impact and ethical implications of AI-powered systems. Additionally, the pursuit of artificial general intelligence (AGI), a hypothetical form of AI that exhibits human-like intelligence across a wide range of tasks, poses profound philosophical and existential questions about the nature of consciousness and the future of humanity.
In the midst of these challenges, the potential of AI to reshape the fabric of society and accelerate human progress is undeniable. By harnessing the power of AI responsibly and ethically, we can unlock unprecedented opportunities for innovation, discovery, and societal advancement.
What are Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and how do they work?
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核心觀念
本題考查文章細節理解與英文定義辨識,重點在於掌握 Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs,生成對抗網路) 的功能與運作方式。
GANs 的兩項核心特徵如下:
- 用途:生成具有高度真實感的合成資料(synthetic data)。
- 架構:由兩個神經網路組成:
- generator(生成器):負責產生資料,力求製造出與真實資料無法區分的內容。
- discriminator(判別器):負責判斷資料是真實資料還是生成資料。
兩者彼此競爭、持續訓練,因此稱為 adversarial(對抗性的) 網路。
解題方法
題目問:
What are Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and how do they work?
什麼是生成對抗網路,以及它們如何運作?
先定位文章中直接介紹 GANs 的句子:
“GANs consist of two neural networks—a generator and a discriminator—locked in a constant battle of wits, where the generator strives to produce indistinguishable data from real samples, while the discriminator aims to differentiate between real and fake data.”
翻譯:
GANs 由兩個神經網路組成——生成器與判別器——兩者持續進行智慧對抗;生成器努力產生與真實樣本無法區分的資料,而判別器則試圖分辨真實資料與虛假資料。
前一句也明確說明 GANs 的用途:
“GANs, a groundbreaking framework for generating synthetic data with unprecedented realism.”
翻譯:
GANs 是一種革命性的架構,用來生成具有前所未有真實感的合成資料。
因此,題目要求的兩個部分「功能」與「運作方式」分別對應:
- generating synthetic data
- using two neural networks
所以正確答案為 (A)。
題幹定位與語意重點
關鍵片語如下:
- Generative Adversarial Networks:生成對抗網路
- framework:架構、框架
- generate synthetic data:生成合成資料
- neural network:神經網路
- generator:生成器
- discriminator:判別器
- indistinguishable from:與……無法區分
- real samples:真實樣本
- differentiate between A and B:區分 A 與 B
- adversarial training process:對抗式訓練過程
- lifelike:栩栩如生的、逼真的
本題的語意判斷關鍵在於:
第 43 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands as the pinnacle of human ingenuity, representing the culmination of decades of research and innovation in the realm of computer science and cognitive psychology. AI systems, powered by advanced algorithms and neural networks, possess the remarkable ability to simulate human intelligence, learning, and problem-solving in ways previously thought unimaginable.
At the forefront of AI research is the development of deep learning algorithms, inspired by the structure and function of the human brain. These algorithms, fueled by massive datasets and computational power, enable machines to recognize patterns, process natural language, and make decisions with astonishing accuracy and efficiency. From image recognition and speech synthesis to autonomous vehicles and medical diagnosis, the applications of deep learning span a myriad of domains, revolutionizing industries and transforming the way we live and work.
One of the most exciting advancements in AI is the emergence of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), a groundbreaking framework for generating synthetic data with unprecedented realism. GANs consist of two neural networks—a generator and a discriminator—locked in a constant battle of wits, where the generator strives to produce indistinguishable data from real samples, while the discriminator aims to differentiate between real and fake data. This adversarial training process results in the creation of lifelike images, videos, and audio recordings that blur the line between reality and simulation.
In addition to GANs, AI researchers are exploring the potential of reinforcement learning, a technique inspired by behavioral psychology and operant conditioning. Reinforcement learning algorithms learn to make decisions by interacting with an environment, receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties based on their actions. Through trial and error, these algorithms improve their decision-making abilities over time, mastering complex tasks such as playing video games, optimizing logistics, and controlling robotic systems.
Despite the remarkable progress in AI, significant challenges remain on the horizon. Ethical considerations surrounding AI governance, transparency, and bias mitigation are hotly debated topics, raising concerns about the societal impact and ethical implications of AI-powered systems. Additionally, the pursuit of artificial general intelligence (AGI), a hypothetical form of AI that exhibits human-like intelligence across a wide range of tasks, poses profound philosophical and existential questions about the nature of consciousness and the future of humanity.
In the midst of these challenges, the potential of AI to reshape the fabric of society and accelerate human progress is undeniable. By harnessing the power of AI responsibly and ethically, we can unlock unprecedented opportunities for innovation, discovery, and societal advancement.
What is reinforcement learning and what tasks can it perform?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「定義與功能配對」。
文章第四段介紹 reinforcement learning(強化學習):
- 本質:受到心理學啟發的學習技術。
- 機制:演算法與環境互動,依據行動結果獲得獎勵或懲罰。
- 目的:透過反覆試誤改善決策能力。
- 功能:掌握複雜任務,例如玩電子遊戲、最佳化物流、控制機器人系統。
因此,正確選項必須同時符合「受到心理學啟發」與「能完成複雜任務」這兩項核心描述。
定位答案的原文
“In addition to GANs, AI researchers are exploring the potential of reinforcement learning, a technique inspired by behavioral psychology and operant conditioning.”
翻譯:
除了生成對抗網路之外,人工智慧研究人員也正在探索強化學習的潛力;強化學習是一種受到行為心理學與操作制約啟發的技術。
“Through trial and error, these algorithms improve their decision-making abilities over time, mastering complex tasks such as playing video games, optimizing logistics, and controlling robotic systems.”
翻譯:
透過反覆試誤,這些演算法會隨時間提升決策能力,進而掌握複雜任務,例如玩電子遊戲、最佳化物流,以及控制機器人系統。
選項 D 的兩個部分分別對應上述兩句:
- a strategy inspired by psychology:受到心理學啟發的策略。
- it can master complex tasks:能夠掌握複雜任務。
關鍵單字與片語
- reinforcement learning:強化學習
- behavioral psychology:行為心理學
- operant conditioning:操作制約
- interact with:與……互動
- environment:環境
- feedback:回饋
- reward:獎勵
- penalty:懲罰
- trial and error:反覆試誤
- decision-making abilities:決策能力
- master complex tasks:掌握複雜任務
- playing video games:玩電子遊戲
- optimizing logistics:最佳化物流
- controlling robotic systems:控制機器人系統
文法與語意重點
1. 同位語補充說明
句子:
“reinforcement learning, a technique inspired by behavioral psychology and operant conditioning”
逗號後的 a technique... 是同位語,用來補充說明 reinforcement learning 的性質。
其中:
- inspired by... 是過去分詞片語,修飾 a technique。
- 完整形式可理解為:
a technique that is inspired by behavioral psychology and operant conditioning
2. 分詞片語表達結果
句子:
第 44 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands as the pinnacle of human ingenuity, representing the culmination of decades of research and innovation in the realm of computer science and cognitive psychology. AI systems, powered by advanced algorithms and neural networks, possess the remarkable ability to simulate human intelligence, learning, and problem-solving in ways previously thought unimaginable.
At the forefront of AI research is the development of deep learning algorithms, inspired by the structure and function of the human brain. These algorithms, fueled by massive datasets and computational power, enable machines to recognize patterns, process natural language, and make decisions with astonishing accuracy and efficiency. From image recognition and speech synthesis to autonomous vehicles and medical diagnosis, the applications of deep learning span a myriad of domains, revolutionizing industries and transforming the way we live and work.
One of the most exciting advancements in AI is the emergence of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), a groundbreaking framework for generating synthetic data with unprecedented realism. GANs consist of two neural networks—a generator and a discriminator—locked in a constant battle of wits, where the generator strives to produce indistinguishable data from real samples, while the discriminator aims to differentiate between real and fake data. This adversarial training process results in the creation of lifelike images, videos, and audio recordings that blur the line between reality and simulation.
In addition to GANs, AI researchers are exploring the potential of reinforcement learning, a technique inspired by behavioral psychology and operant conditioning. Reinforcement learning algorithms learn to make decisions by interacting with an environment, receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties based on their actions. Through trial and error, these algorithms improve their decision-making abilities over time, mastering complex tasks such as playing video games, optimizing logistics, and controlling robotic systems.
Despite the remarkable progress in AI, significant challenges remain on the horizon. Ethical considerations surrounding AI governance, transparency, and bias mitigation are hotly debated topics, raising concerns about the societal impact and ethical implications of AI-powered systems. Additionally, the pursuit of artificial general intelligence (AGI), a hypothetical form of AI that exhibits human-like intelligence across a wide range of tasks, poses profound philosophical and existential questions about the nature of consciousness and the future of humanity.
In the midst of these challenges, the potential of AI to reshape the fabric of society and accelerate human progress is undeniable. By harnessing the power of AI responsibly and ethically, we can unlock unprecedented opportunities for innovation, discovery, and societal advancement.
According to the passage, what are some of the hurdles that AI encounters?
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核心觀念
本題是閱讀理解題,考查考生能否從文章中找出「AI 面臨的障礙(hurdles)」及其同義表達。
文章第五段明確指出,AI 雖然進步迅速,仍面臨下列挑戰:
- Ethical considerations:倫理考量
- AI governance:人工智慧治理
- Transparency:透明度
- Bias mitigation:偏見緩解、降低偏誤
- AI 對社會的影響與倫理意涵
- 人工通用智慧(AGI)所引發的意識與人類未來等哲學、存在性問題
因此,正確答案必須包含文章明確提到的「道德/倫理考量」與「偏見 alleviation」。
解題方法
先鎖定題目中的關鍵字 hurdles。
在本文語境中,hurdles 意為「障礙、困難、挑戰」,應回文章尋找表示 AI 尚未解決問題的段落。
定位句為:
Despite the remarkable progress in AI, significant challenges remain on the horizon. Ethical considerations surrounding AI governance, transparency, and bias mitigation are hotly debated topics...
翻譯:
儘管人工智慧已有顯著進展,未來仍存在重大挑戰。圍繞人工智慧治理、透明度與偏見緩解的倫理考量,都是受到熱烈討論的議題。
選項 A 的 Moral considerations 對應原文的 Ethical considerations;
bias alleviation 對應原文的 bias mitigation。兩者皆符合文章內容。
選項分析
(A) Moral considerations and bias alleviation
正確。
- moral considerations:道德考量,與原文 ethical considerations 同義。
- bias alleviation:偏見緩解,與原文 bias mitigation 意思相近。
此選項完整對應文章所列出的 AI 挑戰。
(B) Legal regulations and government oversight
錯誤。
- legal regulations:法律規範
- government oversight:政府監督
第 45 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands as the pinnacle of human ingenuity, representing the culmination of decades of research and innovation in the realm of computer science and cognitive psychology. AI systems, powered by advanced algorithms and neural networks, possess the remarkable ability to simulate human intelligence, learning, and problem-solving in ways previously thought unimaginable.
At the forefront of AI research is the development of deep learning algorithms, inspired by the structure and function of the human brain. These algorithms, fueled by massive datasets and computational power, enable machines to recognize patterns, process natural language, and make decisions with astonishing accuracy and efficiency. From image recognition and speech synthesis to autonomous vehicles and medical diagnosis, the applications of deep learning span a myriad of domains, revolutionizing industries and transforming the way we live and work.
One of the most exciting advancements in AI is the emergence of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), a groundbreaking framework for generating synthetic data with unprecedented realism. GANs consist of two neural networks—a generator and a discriminator—locked in a constant battle of wits, where the generator strives to produce indistinguishable data from real samples, while the discriminator aims to differentiate between real and fake data. This adversarial training process results in the creation of lifelike images, videos, and audio recordings that blur the line between reality and simulation.
In addition to GANs, AI researchers are exploring the potential of reinforcement learning, a technique inspired by behavioral psychology and operant conditioning. Reinforcement learning algorithms learn to make decisions by interacting with an environment, receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties based on their actions. Through trial and error, these algorithms improve their decision-making abilities over time, mastering complex tasks such as playing video games, optimizing logistics, and controlling robotic systems.
Despite the remarkable progress in AI, significant challenges remain on the horizon. Ethical considerations surrounding AI governance, transparency, and bias mitigation are hotly debated topics, raising concerns about the societal impact and ethical implications of AI-powered systems. Additionally, the pursuit of artificial general intelligence (AGI), a hypothetical form of AI that exhibits human-like intelligence across a wide range of tasks, poses profound philosophical and existential questions about the nature of consciousness and the future of humanity.
In the midst of these challenges, the potential of AI to reshape the fabric of society and accelerate human progress is undeniable. By harnessing the power of AI responsibly and ethically, we can unlock unprecedented opportunities for innovation, discovery, and societal advancement.
What is the potential of AI according to the passage?
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核心觀念
本題是英文閱讀理解中的主旨與細節判讀題,考查考生能否根據文章結尾對 AI 發展潛力的總結,選出最符合原文的選項。
文章主要介紹:
- AI 能模擬人類智慧、學習與解決問題的能力。
- Deep learning 可應用於影像辨識、語音合成、自駕車與醫療診斷。
- GANs 能生成高度逼真的影像、影片與聲音。
- Reinforcement learning 能透過獎勵與懲罰改善決策能力。
- AI 雖面臨倫理、偏見、治理與 AGI 等挑戰,仍具有促進人類進步與社會發展的巨大潛力。
因此,本題應鎖定文章最後一段,判斷作者如何總結 AI 對人類社會的影響。
解題方法
本題問:
What is the potential of AI according to the passage?
根據本文,AI 的潛力是什麼?
關鍵在於找出文章中直接說明 AI 潛力的句子:
“In the midst of these challenges, the potential of AI to reshape the fabric of society and accelerate human progress is undeniable.”
翻譯為:
「儘管面臨這些挑戰,AI 重塑社會結構並加速人類進步的潛力是無庸置疑的。」
接著,下一句進一步說明 AI 能帶來的具體成果:
“By harnessing the power of AI responsibly and ethically, we can unlock unprecedented opportunities for innovation, discovery, and societal advancement.”
翻譯為:
「只要以負責任且合乎倫理的方式運用 AI 的力量,我們就能開啟前所未有的創新、發現與社會進步機會。」
選項 B:
To spur human growth and unlock unprecedented opportunities for innovation
其中:
- spur human growth = 促進人類成長
- unlock unprecedented opportunities = 開啟前所未有的機會
- innovation = 創新
這正是原文 “accelerate human progress” 與 “unlock unprecedented opportunities for innovation” 的直接改寫,因此選 B。
關鍵單字與片語
- pinnacle:頂峰、巔峰
- ingenuity:獨創力、巧思
- culmination:最終成果、集大成
- realm:領域
- simulate:模擬
- cognitive psychology:認知心理學
- neural network:神經網路
- deep learning:深度學習
- massive dataset:大量資料集
- computational power:計算能力
- recognize patterns:辨識模式
- natural language:自然語言
- speech synthesis:語音合成
- autonomous vehicle:自動駕駛車輛
- medical diagnosis:醫療診斷
- generative:生成的
- adversarial:對抗性的
- synthetic data:合成資料
- unprecedented:前所未有的
- realism:逼真程度、真實感
- generator:生成器
- discriminator:鑑別器
- distinguish between A and B:區分 A 與 B
- lifelike:栩栩如生的、逼真的
- reinforcement learning:強化學習
- behavioral psychology:行為心理學
- operant conditioning:操作制約
- interact with:與……互動
- feedback:回饋
- reward:獎勵
- penalty:懲罰
- trial and error:反覆試驗、摸索
- ethical consideration:倫理考量
- governance:治理
- transparency:透明度
- bias mitigation:偏見減輕
- societal impact:社會影響
- ethical implication:倫理意涵
- hypothetical:假設性的
- consciousness:意識
- harness:善加利用
- responsibly and ethically:以負責任且合乎倫理的方式
- societal advancement:社會進步
- maintain the status quo:維持現狀
- hinder:阻礙
- stagnation:停滯
- impede:妨礙、阻礙
文法與語意重點
1. potential of A to V
原文:
“the potential of AI to reshape the fabric of society and accelerate human progress”
句型為:
其中:
- A = AI
- to reshape = 重塑
- to accelerate = 加速
“to reshape” 與 “accelerate” 共同修飾 AI 的 potential,表示 AI 具有「重塑社會並加速人類進步」的潛力。
2. By + V-ing:透過做某事
原文:
“By harnessing the power of AI responsibly and ethically”
句型為:
“By harnessing...” 表示「透過善用 AI 的力量」。這個片語說明達成後方結果的方法。
3. unlock opportunities for...
第 46 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In the realm of emergency medicine, resuscitation stands as a pivotal procedure, aiming to restore vital functions in individuals experiencing cardiac arrest or other life-threatening events. This intricate process involves a series of interventions, each carefully timed and tailored to the patient’s condition. Central to resuscitation efforts is cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which consists of chest compressions to maintain blood flow to vital organs and artificial ventilation to ensure oxygenation. Immediate initiation of CPR, often accompanied by defibrillation to restore normal heart rhythm, is crucial in maximizing the chances of successful outcomes. However, resuscitation extends beyond the initial moments of crisis, encompassing ongoing monitoring, adjustment of treatment strategies, and coordination among multidisciplinary healthcare teams.
Advancements in medical technology have revolutionized resuscitative care, offering new tools and techniques to improve patient outcomes. Mechanical CPR devices, for instance, provide consistent and high-quality chest compressions, reducing the risk of fatigue and enhancing perfusion. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) serves as a temporary life support system, oxygenating blood and removing carbon dioxide when conventional methods fail. Moreover, innovative approaches such as targeted temperature management aim to mitigate neurological damage following cardiac arrest, enhancing long-term neurological recovery.
Despite these advancements, resuscitation remains a complex and dynamic field, shaped by ongoing research, clinical experience, and ethical considerations. Questions surrounding end-of-life care, quality of life outcomes, and decision-making in the face of uncertainty underscore the need for a holistic approach to resuscitative care. Collaborative efforts among healthcare providers, policymakers, and the public are essential in ensuring that resuscitation practices align with patient preferences, cultural beliefs, and societal values. By continually striving to improve resuscitative care, we uphold the principles of beneficence, autonomy, and compassion, guiding our actions in the pursuit of saving lives and preserving human dignity.
What is the primary goal of resuscitation in emergency medicine?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨定位」與醫學英文詞義判斷。
文章第一段直接說明復甦術(resuscitation)的目的:
“resuscitation stands as a pivotal procedure, aiming to restore vital functions in individuals experiencing cardiac arrest or other life-threatening events.”
翻譯為:「復甦術是一項關鍵的醫療處置,目的在於恢復心跳停止或其他危及生命事件患者的生命重要功能。」
其中:
- resuscitation:復甦術、急救復甦
- pivotal:關鍵的、重要的
- aim to + V:旨在……、目的是……
- restore:恢復
- vital functions:生命重要功能
- cardiac arrest:心跳停止、心搏停止
- life-threatening events:危及生命的事件
因此,題目詢問的「primary goal」就是文章明確指出的主要目的,而非復甦過程中的個別措施或後續工作。
解題方法
先鎖定題幹中的關鍵字:
- primary goal:主要目標
- resuscitation:復甦術
接著回文章尋找對 resuscitation 的定義與目的。第一段開頭即以 aiming to restore vital functions 說明復甦術的核心任務:
“aiming to restore vital functions in individuals experiencing cardiac arrest”
這與選項 (C) 的內容幾乎完全相同:
“To restore vital functions in individuals experiencing cardiac arrest”
閱讀理解題中,若選項直接重現文章對核心概念的定義,且沒有改變原意,即為正確答案。
文法與語意重點
1. aiming to restore
原句中的 aiming to restore 是現在分詞片語,補充說明 resuscitation 的目的。
- aim to + 原形動詞:以……為目標
- aiming to restore vital functions:旨在恢復生命重要功能
2. restore vital functions
restore 不只是一般的「修復」,在醫療語境中指使失去或受損的生理功能恢復。
vital functions 包括維持生命所需的重要功能,例如:
- 心跳
- 呼吸
- 血液循環
- 腦部及其他重要器官的灌流
3. cardiac arrest 與 CPR 的關係
文章提到 CPR 是復甦工作的重要核心:
“Central to resuscitation efforts is cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)”
翻譯為:「心肺復甦術(CPR)是復甦工作中的核心。」
CPR 包含:
- chest compressions:胸部按壓
- artificial ventilation:人工通氣
第 47 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In the realm of emergency medicine, resuscitation stands as a pivotal procedure, aiming to restore vital functions in individuals experiencing cardiac arrest or other life-threatening events. This intricate process involves a series of interventions, each carefully timed and tailored to the patient’s condition. Central to resuscitation efforts is cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which consists of chest compressions to maintain blood flow to vital organs and artificial ventilation to ensure oxygenation. Immediate initiation of CPR, often accompanied by defibrillation to restore normal heart rhythm, is crucial in maximizing the chances of successful outcomes. However, resuscitation extends beyond the initial moments of crisis, encompassing ongoing monitoring, adjustment of treatment strategies, and coordination among multidisciplinary healthcare teams.
Advancements in medical technology have revolutionized resuscitative care, offering new tools and techniques to improve patient outcomes. Mechanical CPR devices, for instance, provide consistent and high-quality chest compressions, reducing the risk of fatigue and enhancing perfusion. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) serves as a temporary life support system, oxygenating blood and removing carbon dioxide when conventional methods fail. Moreover, innovative approaches such as targeted temperature management aim to mitigate neurological damage following cardiac arrest, enhancing long-term neurological recovery.
Despite these advancements, resuscitation remains a complex and dynamic field, shaped by ongoing research, clinical experience, and ethical considerations. Questions surrounding end-of-life care, quality of life outcomes, and decision-making in the face of uncertainty underscore the need for a holistic approach to resuscitative care. Collaborative efforts among healthcare providers, policymakers, and the public are essential in ensuring that resuscitation practices align with patient preferences, cultural beliefs, and societal values. By continually striving to improve resuscitative care, we uphold the principles of beneficence, autonomy, and compassion, guiding our actions in the pursuit of saving lives and preserving human dignity.
Which intervention is central to resuscitation efforts?
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核心觀念
本題屬於醫學英文閱讀測驗中的細節定位與同義代換題(Factual / Detail Question)。考生需快速在長篇專業醫學文章中搜尋關鍵詞組("central to resuscitation efforts"),並辨析醫學專有名詞的同義代換(chest compressions 與 cardiac compression)。
解題方法
- 題幹關鍵字定位:
題幹問的是「哪一項處置是復甦搶救的核心?」("Which intervention is central to resuscitation efforts?")。 - 原文精確定位:
快速掃描第一段第三句:
"Central to resuscitation efforts is cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which consists of chest compressions to maintain blood flow to vital organs and artificial ventilation to ensure oxygenation."
(復甦搶救的核心是心肺復甦術(CPR),其中包括用於維持重要器官血流的胸外按壓,以及確保供氧的人工呼吸。)
- 同義代換與比對:
原文說明 CPR 的核心組成包含了胸外按壓(chest compressions)與人工呼吸(artificial ventilation)。在選項中,(D) 選項的 cardiac compression 即為 chest compression(胸外心臟按壓)之醫學同義詞,為正確對應選項。
選項分析
- (A) Airway management(呼吸道維持 / 呼吸道暢通處置):錯誤。
雖然維持呼吸道與通氣在復甦中至關重要,但原文第一段明確指出復甦的核心是包含胸部按壓與通氣的 CPR("Central to resuscitation efforts is cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)..."),並未將 airway management 單獨列為核心。 - (B) Fluid resuscitation(輸液復甦):錯誤。
文章通篇聚焦於心跳驟停(cardiac arrest)的心肺復甦與先進科技(ECMO、目標體溫管理等),未曾提及大量點滴輸液復甦(Fluid resuscitation,常主要見於低血容性休克或敗血症)。
第 48 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In the realm of emergency medicine, resuscitation stands as a pivotal procedure, aiming to restore vital functions in individuals experiencing cardiac arrest or other life-threatening events. This intricate process involves a series of interventions, each carefully timed and tailored to the patient’s condition. Central to resuscitation efforts is cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which consists of chest compressions to maintain blood flow to vital organs and artificial ventilation to ensure oxygenation. Immediate initiation of CPR, often accompanied by defibrillation to restore normal heart rhythm, is crucial in maximizing the chances of successful outcomes. However, resuscitation extends beyond the initial moments of crisis, encompassing ongoing monitoring, adjustment of treatment strategies, and coordination among multidisciplinary healthcare teams.
Advancements in medical technology have revolutionized resuscitative care, offering new tools and techniques to improve patient outcomes. Mechanical CPR devices, for instance, provide consistent and high-quality chest compressions, reducing the risk of fatigue and enhancing perfusion. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) serves as a temporary life support system, oxygenating blood and removing carbon dioxide when conventional methods fail. Moreover, innovative approaches such as targeted temperature management aim to mitigate neurological damage following cardiac arrest, enhancing long-term neurological recovery.
Despite these advancements, resuscitation remains a complex and dynamic field, shaped by ongoing research, clinical experience, and ethical considerations. Questions surrounding end-of-life care, quality of life outcomes, and decision-making in the face of uncertainty underscore the need for a holistic approach to resuscitative care. Collaborative efforts among healthcare providers, policymakers, and the public are essential in ensuring that resuscitation practices align with patient preferences, cultural beliefs, and societal values. By continually striving to improve resuscitative care, we uphold the principles of beneficence, autonomy, and compassion, guiding our actions in the pursuit of saving lives and preserving human dignity.
What is one advantage of mechanical CPR devices mentioned in the passage?
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核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「同義改寫」與「細節定位」。題目詢問機械式心肺復甦設備(mechanical CPR devices)在文章中提到的一項優點,必須回到第二段尋找明確資訊。
文章指出,機械式 CPR 設備能提供穩定、高品質的胸部按壓,並降低施救者因疲勞而影響按壓品質的風險。因此,正確答案是能「減少疲勞,並確保胸部按壓一致」。
關鍵單字與片語
- realm:領域
- emergency medicine:急診醫學
- resuscitation:復甦術、急救復甦
- pivotal:關鍵的
- cardiac arrest:心搏停止
- chest compression:胸部按壓
- artificial ventilation:人工通氣
- oxygenation:氧合
- defibrillation:去顫、電擊除顫
- restore normal heart rhythm:恢復正常心律
- mechanical CPR devices:機械式心肺復甦設備
- consistent:一致的、穩定的
- high-quality:高品質的
- reduce the risk of fatigue:降低疲勞的風險
- enhance perfusion:提升灌流
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECMO:體外膜氧合
- targeted temperature management:目標溫度管理
- mitigate neurological damage:減輕神經損傷
- end-of-life care:生命末期照護
- quality of life:生活品質
- patient preferences:病人偏好
- cultural beliefs:文化信念
- societal values:社會價值
答案定位
關鍵句為:
“Mechanical CPR devices, for instance, provide consistent and high-quality chest compressions, reducing the risk of fatigue and enhancing perfusion.”
翻譯為:
「例如,機械式 CPR 設備能提供一致且高品質的胸部按壓,降低疲勞的風險,並提升灌流。」
其中:
- “reducing the risk of fatigue” 對應選項 C 的 “mitigate exhaustion”
- “provide consistent ... chest compressions” 對應選項 C 的 “guarantee uniform chest compressions”
這是典型的同義替換:
- fatigue = exhaustion:疲勞、疲憊
- consistent = uniform:一致的、均勻的
- provide high-quality chest compressions:提供高品質胸部按壓
解題方法
先抓題幹中的核心名詞 “mechanical CPR devices”,再回文章搜尋同一名詞。文章第二段直接說明其優點,包括:
- 胸部按壓穩定且品質高。
- 可降低人工施救者疲勞造成的影響。
- 可提升血液灌流。
接著將原文資訊與各選項逐一比對。只有 C 同時包含「減少疲勞」與「維持一致按壓」兩項原文資訊,因此選 C。
選項分析
(A) They enhance the effectiveness of drug delivery compared to manual CPR.
第 49 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In the realm of emergency medicine, resuscitation stands as a pivotal procedure, aiming to restore vital functions in individuals experiencing cardiac arrest or other life-threatening events. This intricate process involves a series of interventions, each carefully timed and tailored to the patient’s condition. Central to resuscitation efforts is cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which consists of chest compressions to maintain blood flow to vital organs and artificial ventilation to ensure oxygenation. Immediate initiation of CPR, often accompanied by defibrillation to restore normal heart rhythm, is crucial in maximizing the chances of successful outcomes. However, resuscitation extends beyond the initial moments of crisis, encompassing ongoing monitoring, adjustment of treatment strategies, and coordination among multidisciplinary healthcare teams.
Advancements in medical technology have revolutionized resuscitative care, offering new tools and techniques to improve patient outcomes. Mechanical CPR devices, for instance, provide consistent and high-quality chest compressions, reducing the risk of fatigue and enhancing perfusion. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) serves as a temporary life support system, oxygenating blood and removing carbon dioxide when conventional methods fail. Moreover, innovative approaches such as targeted temperature management aim to mitigate neurological damage following cardiac arrest, enhancing long-term neurological recovery.
Despite these advancements, resuscitation remains a complex and dynamic field, shaped by ongoing research, clinical experience, and ethical considerations. Questions surrounding end-of-life care, quality of life outcomes, and decision-making in the face of uncertainty underscore the need for a holistic approach to resuscitative care. Collaborative efforts among healthcare providers, policymakers, and the public are essential in ensuring that resuscitation practices align with patient preferences, cultural beliefs, and societal values. By continually striving to improve resuscitative care, we uphold the principles of beneficence, autonomy, and compassion, guiding our actions in the pursuit of saving lives and preserving human dignity.
What is the purpose of targeted temperature management in resuscitation?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與「目的判斷」。題目詢問 targeted temperature management(目標體溫管理)在復甦治療中的目的,答案必須回到文章中尋找明確描述,而非僅憑醫學常識推測。
文章指出,目標體溫管理的主要作用是降低心跳停止後的神經損傷,進而改善患者長期的神經功能恢復。因此,核心概念是:
- targeted temperature management:目標體溫管理
- mitigate neurological damage:減輕神經損傷
- following cardiac arrest:心跳停止之後
- enhance long-term neurological recovery:促進長期神經功能恢復
解題方法
題目問:
What is the purpose of targeted temperature management in resuscitation?
關鍵在於辨認 purpose,也就是「目的、用途」。回到第二段可定位到以下句子:
Moreover, innovative approaches such as targeted temperature management aim to mitigate neurological damage following cardiac arrest, enhancing long-term neurological recovery.
翻譯:
此外,諸如目標體溫管理等創新方法,旨在減輕心跳停止後的神經損傷,並促進長期神經功能恢復。
句中的 aim to 表示「旨在……、目的是……」,其後的 mitigate neurological damage 直接說明目標體溫管理的用途。因此答案是「處理心跳停止後的神經問題」,即 (C)。
文法與語意重點
1. aim to + 原形動詞
文章中的:
aim to mitigate neurological damage
結構為:
意思是「旨在……」。其中:
- aim:旨在、以……為目標
- mitigate:減輕、緩和
- neurological damage:神經損傷
2. following 的用法
following cardiac arrest
此處 following 是介系詞,意思是「在……之後」,相當於 after。
- cardiac arrest:心跳停止、心搏停止
- following cardiac arrest:心跳停止後
3. enhancing 的分詞片語
enhancing long-term neurological recovery
現在分詞片語補充說明前面措施所帶來的結果:
- enhance:增強、促進
- long-term:長期的
- neurological recovery:神經功能恢復
整句語意是:目標體溫管理能減輕神經損傷,因而有助於長期神經功能恢復。
選項分析
(A) To regulate blood flow during cardiac arrest
在心跳停止期間調節血流
錯誤。文章第一段提到胸外按壓的作用是維持流向重要器官的血流:
chest compressions to maintain blood flow to vital organs
「維持血流」是胸外按壓的功能,不是目標體溫管理的主要目的。目標體溫管理所針對的是心跳停止後的神經損傷。
(B) To prevent post-resuscitation complications
預防復甦後的併發症
錯誤。此選項範圍過於廣泛,文章沒有將目標體溫管理概括為預防所有復甦後併發症。原文明確指出其作用是:
mitigate neurological damage following cardiac arrest
第 50 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In the realm of emergency medicine, resuscitation stands as a pivotal procedure, aiming to restore vital functions in individuals experiencing cardiac arrest or other life-threatening events. This intricate process involves a series of interventions, each carefully timed and tailored to the patient’s condition. Central to resuscitation efforts is cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which consists of chest compressions to maintain blood flow to vital organs and artificial ventilation to ensure oxygenation. Immediate initiation of CPR, often accompanied by defibrillation to restore normal heart rhythm, is crucial in maximizing the chances of successful outcomes. However, resuscitation extends beyond the initial moments of crisis, encompassing ongoing monitoring, adjustment of treatment strategies, and coordination among multidisciplinary healthcare teams.
Advancements in medical technology have revolutionized resuscitative care, offering new tools and techniques to improve patient outcomes. Mechanical CPR devices, for instance, provide consistent and high-quality chest compressions, reducing the risk of fatigue and enhancing perfusion. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) serves as a temporary life support system, oxygenating blood and removing carbon dioxide when conventional methods fail. Moreover, innovative approaches such as targeted temperature management aim to mitigate neurological damage following cardiac arrest, enhancing long-term neurological recovery.
Despite these advancements, resuscitation remains a complex and dynamic field, shaped by ongoing research, clinical experience, and ethical considerations. Questions surrounding end-of-life care, quality of life outcomes, and decision-making in the face of uncertainty underscore the need for a holistic approach to resuscitative care. Collaborative efforts among healthcare providers, policymakers, and the public are essential in ensuring that resuscitation practices align with patient preferences, cultural beliefs, and societal values. By continually striving to improve resuscitative care, we uphold the principles of beneficence, autonomy, and compassion, guiding our actions in the pursuit of saving lives and preserving human dignity.
According to the passage, what underscores the need for a holistic approach to resuscitative care?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題屬於學士後醫學系英文閱讀測驗中的「細節理解與同義代換(Detail & Paraphrasing)」題型。評量重點在於考生能否在長篇醫療英文文章中,精確定位關鍵提問詞,並辨識醫學倫理詞彙在選項中的高階同義改寫(paraphrasing):
- 關鍵定位與句構因果對應:以題幹的動詞與受詞「underscores the need for a holistic approach to resuscitative care」為線索,快速鎖定文章對應句,並找出引導該結論的「主詞原因」。
- 同義字詞置換(Synonym Substitution):
- 文章原文:
end-of-life care(臨終照護) 選項置換:terminal care。 - 文章原文:
ethical considerations(倫理考量) 選項置換:moral deliberations。 - 文章原文:
Questions surrounding...(圍繞……的議題/疑慮) 選項置換:Concerns regarding...。
解題方法
步驟一:分析題幹,提取定位關鍵詞
- 題幹:According to the passage, what underscores the need for a holistic approach to resuscitative care?
- 中譯:根據本文,是什麼突顯了復甦照護需要採取全人/全面性方法(holistic approach)?
- 關鍵詞:
underscores the need for a holistic approach to resuscitative care。
步驟二:原文精確定位與語意分析
於文章第三段第二句發現完全一致的關鍵句型:
原文:Questions surrounding end-of-life care, quality of life outcomes, and decision-making in the face of uncertainty underscore the need for a holistic approach to resuscitative care.
中譯:圍繞在臨終照護、生活品質預後,以及面對不確定性時的決策等問題,突顯了復甦照護採取全人照護途徑的必要性。
由此可知,促成 a holistic approach 的根本原因為「對臨終照護(end-of-life care)、預後生活品質、不確定性決策及前一句提及的倫理考量(ethical considerations)的關注與反思」。
步驟三:比對選項與同義改寫
將原文核心詞彙比對各選項,(A) 選項之 Concerns regarding terminal care and moral deliberations 與原文中的 Questions surrounding end-of-life care... and ethical considerations 形成精確的一對一同義置換,故為正確答案。
選項分析
- (A) Concerns regarding terminal care and moral deliberations(對臨終照護的關切與道德層面的審慎思量)【正確】
完全對應第三段第一句至第二句的內容。terminal care為end-of-life care的醫學專業同義詞;moral deliberations(道德審思)精準改寫了ethical considerations與decision-making in the face of uncertainty;concerns則對應原文的questions surrounding。語意完整吻合,為正確選項。