中國醫藥大學 104 年 《英文》

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第 1 題

Peter presented us with _____ evidence that convinced us he was right.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「進階高頻單字」在特定文境下的語意搭配(Collocation)與邏輯關聯。核心重點在於辨析動詞形衍生形容詞的特殊引申義(如 telling 作為形容詞時並非「告訴的」,而是「有說服力的、顯著的」),以及掌握形容詞與被修飾名詞 evidence(證據)之間的邏輯配合。


解題方法

  1. 文法結構拆解:
  • 主句:Peter presented us with _____ evidence(Peter 提出……的證據)
  • 關係代名詞子句(修飾 evidence):that convinced us he was right(說服了我們他是對的)
  1. 邏輯因果推論:
  • 題目中的關鍵結果為 convinced us he was right(使我們信服、確信他是正確的)。
  • 能達到「令人信服」效果的證據,空格處必須填入帶有「有力、具說服力、顯著、具決定性」等正面語意的形容詞。
  • 選項中僅 (C) telling 具備「有說服力的、強而有力的(convincing / effective)」之意,與子句語意完美呼應。

題幹翻譯

Peter 向我們提出了有說服力的證據,使我們確信他是正確的。


選項分析

  • (A) indecisive:形容詞,意為「優柔寡斷的;非決定性的、未有結論的」。若證據是非決定性的,無法產生「說服(convinced)」的結果,語意相反,故不選。
  • (B) feeble:形容詞,意為「虛弱的;無力的、軟弱無說服力的(feeble argument/evidence)」。若是無力的證據,無法令人信服,語意相反,故不選。
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第 2 題

This medicine should _____ the pain until the strained muscle heals itself.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查醫學與生活情境中的進階動詞詞彙以及**動賓搭配(Collocation)**的語意邏輯。題幹描述「藥物(medicine)」對「疼痛(pain)」所產生的作用,考生須掌握醫療語境中「減輕、舒緩疼痛/病情」的標準動詞用法。


題幹解析與中文翻譯

  • 題幹原文:
    "This medicine should _____ the pain until the strained muscle heals itself."
  • 中文翻譯:
    「在拉傷的肌肉自行痊癒之前,這種藥物應該能減輕/舒緩疼痛。」
  • 關鍵字詞解析:
  • medicine (n.)(n.):藥物
  • pain (n.)(n.):疼痛
  • until (conj.)(conj.):直到……為止
  • strained muscle (n.phr.)(n. phr.):拉傷的肌肉(strain 作動詞表「拉傷、扭傷」)
  • heal (v.)(v.):癒合、康復、痊癒

解題方法

  1. 語意邏輯切入:主詞為 medicine(藥物),受詞為 pain(疼痛)。依常理與醫學邏輯,服用止痛或治療藥物的目的必然是為了「減輕、緩解」疼痛,而非「加重、惡化」疼痛。
  2. 動賓搭配分析:空格處需要一個能與 pain 搭配、且表示「減輕、舒緩、緩和」的及物動詞。五個選項中,僅有 (D) mitigate 具備「減輕、緩和(痛苦、損害等)」的語意與搭配用法。

選項分析

  • (A) aggravate (v.)(v.):加重、使惡化(== worsen, exacerbate)。
    藥物的正面療效不可能主動去「加重」病患的疼痛,與題幹常理相反。
  • (B) complicate (v.)(v.):使複雜化、使混亂;醫學上可指「併發(症)」。
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第 3 題

By the time he was 21 years old, he had already _____ a great fortune.

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這一題的完整詳解

題幹翻譯

「在他 21 歲的時候,他已經積聚了一大筆財富。」


核心觀念

本題考查高階動詞詞彙的精確語意與動賓搭配詞(Collocation)。

  • 時態結構:由「By the time + 過去式子句(he was 21 years old)」引導時間副詞子句,主要子句配合使用過去完成式(had + p.p.),表示在過去某個時間點之前已經完成的動作。
  • 搭配詞(Collocation):名詞受詞為 a great fortune(一大筆財富),空格需填入能與「財富」搭配,且在邏輯上表示「累積、積聚」的及物動詞。

解題方法

  1. 抓取核心動賓結構:句子的主幹為「he had already _____ a great fortune」,關鍵在於受詞 fortune(財富、財產)。
  2. 語義與搭配篩選:
  • 英文中形容「積累財富」,最標準且固定的動詞搭配為 amass / accumulate / build up a fortune。
  • 檢視選項,(C) amassed(積聚、積累)恰好構成「amass a fortune」的道地用法,語意與文法皆完全吻合。

選項分析

  • (A) deplored
  • 詞性與字義:動詞,表「哀嘆、痛惜、強烈反對/譴責」(to feel or express strong disapproval of)。
  • 錯誤原因:語義不合。無法與 a great fortune 構成「痛惜或強烈譴責一大筆財富」的合理情境。
  • (B) repaired
  • 詞性與字義:動詞,表「修理、修補;彌補(損失)」(to fix or mend; to make amends for)。
  • 錯誤原因:語義不合。「修理財富」在語義及搭配上皆不通。
  • (C) amassed【正確選項】
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第 4 題

It is quite clear that the electric car is technically _____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「固定搭配」。句型為:

It is quite clear that + 子句

空格位於 be 動詞後,需填入形容詞,描述 electric car 在技術層面是否「可行」。

關鍵搭配是 technically feasible,意為「技術上可行」。

題幹定位與翻譯

It is quite clear that the electric car is technically feasible.

翻譯:
「很明顯,電動車在技術上是可行的。」

其中:

  • quite clear:相當明顯的、十分清楚的
  • electric car:電動車
  • technically:在技術上
  • feasible:可行的、可實現的

解題方法

先判斷詞性:isis 為 be 動詞,後面應接形容詞作主詞補語。五個選項皆可作形容詞,因此需進一步依據語意與搭配判斷。

句中主詞是 the electric car,副詞 technically 修飾空格,表示「從技術角度來看」。因此空格應表達「技術上能夠實現、能夠運作」的意思。

technically feasible 是自然且常見的搭配,表示某項設計、計畫或技術「在技術層面可行」。

選項分析

(A) negotiable

意為「可協商的、可談判的」。常用於:

  • negotiable price:價格可議
  • negotiable terms:條件可協商

電動車不是拿來「協商」的對象;句意也不是討論價格或條件能否談判,因此不合語意。

(B) feasible

意為「可行的、可實現的」。常用於:

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第 5 題

Research into alternative energy sources has been _____ by this funding increase.

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核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「動詞搭配」。句意為:這次經費增加,使替代能源的研究受到促進。

關鍵片語:

  • research into ...:對……的研究
  • alternative energy sources:替代能源
  • funding increase:經費增加
  • stimulate:刺激、促進、推動
  • be stimulated by ...:受到……的刺激/促進

題幹使用現在完成式被動語態:

has been+過去分詞\text{has been}+\text{過去分詞}

因此空格需要填入動詞的過去分詞。四個選項在形式上都符合,但必須進一步依照語意與搭配判斷。

解題方法

先找出主詞與語意關係:

Research into alternative energy sources has been _____ by this funding increase.
對替代能源的研究,因為這次經費增加而受到_____。

「經費增加」通常會帶來研究資源增加、研究進展加速,因此空格應填入表示「促進、推動」的字。

只有 stimulated 符合此語意:

Research into alternative energy sources has been stimulated by this funding increase.
對替代能源的研究已因這次經費增加而受到促進。

其中,研究是「被促進」的對象,因此使用被動語態 has been stimulated,文法與語意皆正確。

選項分析

(A) embellished

  • embellish:裝飾、美化;添加細節以使內容更華麗。
  • embellished 可用於描述故事、文章、服飾或外觀被修飾,例如 an embellished story。
  • 「替代能源的研究被經費增加裝飾」語意不通,因此錯誤。
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第 6 題

Since bird populations are indicators of ecosystem health, it is important to track their numbers to determine where _____ efforts are needed most.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 字義辨析:判斷各選項放入語境後的合理性。
  2. 固定搭配:conservation efforts 表示「保育工作、保育措施」。
  3. 語意邏輯:由鳥類族群數量判斷生態系統健康,進而找出最需要保育的地區。

關鍵字詞:

  • bird populations:鳥類族群、鳥類數量
  • indicators of ecosystem health:生態系統健康狀況的指標
  • track their numbers:追蹤牠們的數量
  • determine:判定、確定
  • efforts:努力、措施、工作
  • conservation:保育、保存
  • be needed most:最被需要、最有必要

解題方法

先掌握句子的因果關係:

Since bird populations are indicators of ecosystem health, it is important to track their numbers to determine where _____ efforts are needed most.

翻譯:

由於鳥類族群是生態系統健康狀況的指標,因此追蹤牠們的數量,以判定哪些地方最需要__工作,是很重要的。

鳥類數量可以反映生態環境是否健康。若某地鳥類數量下降,通常表示該地的棲地或生態環境受到威脅,因此需要加強「保育」工作。最自然的搭配是:

conservation efforts
保育工作、保育措施

句型上,空格後的 efforts 是名詞,空格需要填入一個名詞作為前置修飾語,形成「某一類型的工作」。其中只有 conservation efforts 符合整句的正面保護語意。

選項分析

(A) conservation 保育、保存

conservation efforts 是常見搭配,意思是「保育工作」或「保育措施」。題目要表達的是根據鳥類數量判斷哪些地方最需要投入生態保護,因此語意與搭配皆正確。

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第 7 題

We traced the bad smell to a dead skunk putrefying under the house.

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核心觀念

本題考查單字辨義與現在分詞片語的語意。

句中:

We traced the bad smell to a dead skunk putrefying under the house.
我們追查惡臭的來源,發現是一隻正在屋子底下腐爛的死臭鼬。

putrefying under the house 是現在分詞片語,修飾前面的 a dead skunk,表示「一隻正在屋子底下……的死臭鼬」。

putrefy 是動詞,意為「腐爛、腐敗」,尤其常用於屍體或有機物分解腐敗。因此 putrefying 等於「正在腐爛的」,與選項 B decaying 意義相同。

解題方法

先掌握句型:

  • trace A to B:追查 A 的來源至 B
  • bad smell:惡臭
  • dead skunk:死臭鼬
  • putrefying under the house:正在屋子底下腐爛

句子的語意是:惡臭來自屋下的一隻死臭鼬,而死臭鼬會因屍體分解而產生惡臭。因此空格所需的字必須表達「腐爛、腐敗」之意。

decay 作動詞時表示「腐爛、腐朽、逐漸分解」,其現在分詞為 decaying,與 putrefying 完全符合。

選項分析

(A) resting:休息中的;靜置中的

rest 表示「休息、躺著、靜置」。
a dead skunk resting under the house 只能表示「一隻躺在屋下的死臭鼬」,沒有指出屍體腐爛,也無法合理說明為何會產生強烈惡臭,因此不合語意。

(B) decaying:正在腐爛的;正在分解的

decay 表示「腐爛、腐朽、分解」。
a dead skunk decaying under the house 意為「一隻正在屋下腐爛的死臭鼬」,與 putrefying 意義相同,且符合惡臭來源的情境,正確。

(C) nestling:依偎著的;緊靠著的

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第 8 題

Judging from all the slamming and banging, I’d say there was some sort of dispute going on next door.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字義辨析與語境判斷,重點在於根據聲音線索推測隔壁正在發生的事件。

題幹關鍵句為:

Judging from all the slamming and banging, I’d say there was some sort of dispute going on next door.

翻譯:
「從那些摔門聲和砰砰的撞擊聲來看,我想隔壁似乎正在發生某種爭吵。」

其中:

  • judging from ...:從……來判斷
  • slamming:猛力關閉、摔門
  • banging:砰砰撞擊、巨響
  • some sort of ...:某種……
  • dispute:爭端、爭吵、爭執
  • going on:正在進行、正在發生
  • next door:隔壁

解題方法

先觀察句意:說話者聽到隔壁傳來連續的摔門聲與撞擊聲,因此推測那裡正在發生某種「人與人之間的衝突」。

空格位於:

there was some sort of ______ going on

此處需要填入表示「正在進行的事件或狀況」的名詞。依照 slamming and banging 所營造的情境,最合理的是「爭吵、爭執」。

dispute 與 quarrel 都有「爭端、爭吵」之意,但選項中只有 quarrel,因此選 (E)。

選項分析

(A) explosion 爆炸

Explosion 指炸彈、瓦斯或其他物質爆炸所造成的巨響。雖然爆炸確實可能產生 banging 的聲音,但句中說:

some sort of dispute going on

表示某種事情「正在進行」,且 dispute 所提供的語意框架是人與人之間的爭執。Explosion going on next door 在此語境中不符合題目要表達的「隔壁正在爭吵」。

(B) performance 表演、演出

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第 9 題

Lincoln’s assassination, 150 years ago last month, has been recounted and reenacted innumerable times.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「近義字辨析」與語境判斷,關鍵在於理解片語 has been recounted and reenacted。

  • recount:詳細敘述、重述(尤指過去發生的事件)
  • reenact:重新演出、重現事件

句中說林肯遇刺事件在歷史上被無數次「敘述」並「重演」,因此 recounted 的同義字應為 narrated。

題幹定位與翻譯

Lincoln’s assassination, 150 years ago last month, has been recounted and reenacted innumerable times.

翻譯:
林肯遇刺事件在上個月屆滿 150 週年,至今已被無數次敘述與重演。

其中:

  • has been recounted:已被敘述、重述
  • has been reenacted:已被重新演出、重現
  • innumerable times:無數次

句型為現在完成式被動語態:

has been+過去分詞\text{has been}+\text{過去分詞}

表示某件事從過去至今,已經被反覆進行多次。

解題方法

先判斷空格字與 reenacted 的語意關係。句子描述歷史事件被處理的兩種方式:

  1. 以文字、口述或歷史記錄加以「敘述」;
  2. 透過戲劇、電影或表演加以「重演」。

因此,與 recounted 意義最接近的字是 narrated,意思是「敘述、講述」。

選項分析

(A) recovered

意為「恢復、找回、康復」。例如:

  • recover lost data:找回遺失的資料
  • recover from illness:從疾病中康復

Lincoln’s assassination 不可能被「恢復」或「找回」,與歷史事件的敘述語境不合,錯誤。

(B) demonstrated

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第 10 題

He was an immature jerk who seemed to be in a state of perpetual adolescence.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「同義字辨識」與語境判讀。

題幹中的關鍵字是 perpetual,意為:

  • 永久的
  • 持續不斷的
  • 無止境的

句中的 a state of perpetual adolescence 指「持續處於青春期的狀態」,引申為心理年齡停留在青少年階段、始終不成熟。

題幹定位與翻譯

He was an immature jerk who seemed to be in a state of perpetual adolescence.

他是個不成熟的討厭鬼,似乎一直處於青春期的狀態。

其中 perpetual 與 everlasting 都有「持續很久、永不停止」的意思,因此選 (D)。

解題方法

先根據上下文判斷語意:

  • immature:不成熟的
  • jerk:討厭鬼、混蛋
  • adolescence:青春期
  • perpetual:永久持續的

題幹先說此人「不成熟」,接著說他彷彿永遠停留在青春期,語意上需要能修飾 adolescence、表示「持續不止」的形容詞。

everlasting 意為「永恆的、持久不變的」,可作為 perpetual 的同義字,放入句中最符合語意:

He seemed to be in a state of everlasting adolescence.

他似乎處於永遠的青春期狀態。

選項分析

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第 11 題

The police released him but, significantly, they did not give him back his passport.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為中國醫藥大學學士後中醫學系常見的「同義副詞替換題」(Vocabulary in Context / Synonym Replacement)。題幹畫線(或加重語氣標示)之關鍵詞為 significantly,測驗考生是否能在特定語境中準確掌握副詞詞義、句意轉折及語氣標記(sentence adverb / discourse marker)的同義代換。


解題方法

  1. 分析題幹結構與語境:
  • 原文句:「The police released him but, significantly, they did not give him back his passport.」
  • 全句翻譯:「警方釋放了他,但值得注意的是/意味深長地,他們並未將護照歸還給他。」
  • 結構分析:
  • 主要子句 1:The police released him(警方釋放了他)
  • 對等連接詞:but(表語意轉折)
  • 插入語副詞:significantly(修飾後方子句的事實,提示讀者這項事實具有特別重大、值得探究的意涵)
  • 主要子句 2:they did not give him back his passport(他們並未將護照歸還給他)
  1. 鎖定詞義與語用功能:
  • 副詞 significantly 源自形容詞 significant(重要的、有特殊含義的)。在做評注性副詞(comment adverb)時,意思是「值得注意地、重要的是(in a way that is important or worthy of attention)」,常用來引出一個具有關鍵意義的事實。
  • 語境邏輯:「人被釋放了,卻沒拿到護照」,代表警方仍對其有限制出境或持續監控之意圖,這是一項極為重要的細節。因此,此處的 significantly 與 importantly 完全同義。

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第 12 題

I went to the window to see what the sudden outcry from the street below was about.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為近義詞替換題(Synonym Replacement)。考查焦點在於辨識名詞 outcry 在特定語境下的精準語義,並從動名詞/名詞選項中選出語意最相近的同義詞。

  • outcry(名詞):強烈的喊叫、喧嚷聲、呼號(a loud shout or cry);亦可引申為強烈抗議(a strong protest or objection)。
  • 題幹語境:從窗戶看向樓下街道,探究樓下傳來突然的「大聲叫嚷/呼喊聲」是怎麼回事。因此此處取其字面聲響義(大聲的呼號、叫嚷)。

解題方法

  1. 分析題幹結構與文意:
  • 題幹:"I went to the window to see what the sudden outcry from the street below was about."
  • 翻譯:「我走到窗邊,想看看下方街道上突然傳來的呼喊聲/喧鬧聲是怎麼回事。」
  • 句中 "the sudden outcry from the street below" 指的是街道上突發的劇烈叫喊或喧鬧聲響。
  1. 尋找對應同義詞:
  • outcry 指「大聲喊叫、呼號(a loud outcry/cry/shout)」。
  • 五個選項皆為與聲音或動作相關的字彙:(A) howling(長嚎、大聲叫喊)、(B) chirping(鳥鳴啁啾)、(C) barking(狗吠)、(D) clashing(衝突、撞擊)、(E) fighting(打架)。
  • 其中 howling(動詞 howl 的動名詞/現在分詞名詞化)意為「長嚎、哀號、咆哮或大聲吼叫(uttering a loud prolonged cry/yell)」,在此語境中作為人的叫喊呼號聲,與 outcry 最為貼近。

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第 13 題

She contended that the senator’s considerable experience made him the best candidate.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為同義字代換與字彙辨析題,考查動詞 contend 的精確詞義及其在特定句型中的用法。

在學術寫作與論述性文章中,contend 常接 that 子句,表示「堅決主張、力陳、辯稱(某個觀點或論點)」,其核心語義為「提出論點並為之辯護」,同義詞為 argue、assert、claim、maintain。


題幹原文與中文翻譯

  • 題幹原文:
    She contended that the senator’s considerable experience made him the best candidate.
  • 中文翻譯:
    她主張(堅稱/力陳),該參議員豐富的經驗使其成為最佳人選。
  • 關鍵單字解析:
  • contend (v.):主張、堅稱;競爭、搏鬥(常見片語如 contend with/against 應對困難或競爭)。
  • senator (n.):參議員。
  • considerable (adj.):相當大的、相當多的、豐富的(注意不可與 considerate「體貼的」混淆)。
  • candidate (n.):候選人。

解題方法

  1. 分析句型結構:
    題幹結構為「主詞(She)+ 動詞(contended)+ 受詞名詞子句(that the senator’s considerable experience made him the best candidate)」。
  2. 釐清語境與語意:
    受詞子句內容為一種主觀的評價與主張(認為某人是最佳候選人),因此主要動詞必須具備「發表意見、陳述論點、主張」之語意。
  3. 辨識同義詞:
    contend that + S + V 表示「主張/力辯……」,五個選項中唯有 (E) argued 具備「提出理由進行論證、主張」的同義功能,故為唯一合適的代換選項。

選項分析

  • (A) executed(錯誤):
    動詞 execute 的主要字義為「執行、實施(計畫/命令)」或「處死、處決」。此動詞不接 that 子句來表達「陳述觀點」,語義與句法結構皆不合。
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第 14 題

Whether same-sex marriage should be legalized is a polemical issue.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨識」與同義字判斷。關鍵字是 polemical,意思是:

  • polemical:引起爭議的、論戰性的、好辯的

句中描述同性婚姻合法化是一個容易引發正反雙方爭論的議題,因此應選與「具爭議性」最接近的選項。

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句:

Whether same-sex marriage should be legalized is a polemical issue.

翻譯:

同性婚姻是否應該合法化,是一個具爭議性的議題。

其中:

  • whether A should be legalized:A 是否應該被合法化
  • same-sex marriage:同性婚姻
  • legalize:使合法化
  • polemical issue:具爭議性的議題、容易引發論戰的議題

解題方法

將 polemical 代入各選項的中文意思:

  • 若指「沒有爭議的」,與題意相反。
  • 若指「好爭辯的、容易引發爭論的」,與題幹最相符。
  • 「自然的」、「傳統的」、「有力量的」都無法合理描述這項議題的爭議性。

因此,最符合 polemical 的選項是 disputatious。

文法與語意重點

句子的主詞是名詞子句:

Whether same-sex marriage should be legalized

整個名詞子句表示「同性婚姻是否應該合法化」這件事,後面的 is 為連綴動詞,連接主詞與主詞補語:

Whether 子句 + is + a polemical issue

should be legalized 是情態動詞搭配被動語態:

should+be+過去分詞\text{should}+\text{be}+\text{過去分詞}

意思是「應該被合法化」。

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第 15 題

After months of planning, the project is finally starting to crystallize.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查動詞 crystallize 的引申語意與片語辨析。

  • crystallize 原意是「結晶、凝結成晶體」。
  • 引申為「逐漸明朗化、具體成形、開始實現」。
  • take shape 意為「成形、具體化、逐漸成形」,可用來描述計畫、構想、專案等逐步變得具體。

句中主詞為 the project,表示經過數月規劃後,專案終於開始具體成形,因此應選擇 take shape。

解題方法

先定位關鍵語意:

After months of planning, the project is finally starting to crystallize.
經過數月的規劃後,這項專案終於開始具體成形。

句中的 After months of planning 表示「經過長時間規劃後」,finally 表示「終於」,兩者共同暗示原本尚在構想階段的專案,現在逐漸變得具體可行。

is starting to crystallize 的結構是:

  • start to + 原形動詞:開始……
  • crystallize:逐漸明朗、具體成形

因此,最符合上下文的同義表達是 take shape。

關鍵單字與片語

  • after:在……之後
  • month:月份
  • planning:規劃、計畫
  • project:專案、計畫
  • finally:終於、最後
  • start to:開始……
  • crystallize:結晶;逐漸明朗、具體成形
  • take shape:成形、具體化
  • become blocked:變得受阻、被阻塞
  • flow freely:自由流動
  • make peace:講和、和平相處
  • be unconstrained:不受限制、無拘束

選項分析

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第 16 題

【題組共用題幹】

Innovation, the elixir of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers _____ by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution _____ that underpinned 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.

For those who believe that technological progress _____ that made the world a better place, such churn is a natural part of rising prosperity. Although innovation kills some jobs, _____, as a more productive society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was employed on a farm. Today, _____ produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not consigned to joblessness but found better-paid work _____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「克漏字的文法結構、主動/被動語態,以及語意搭配」。

第 16 題所對應的句子為:

In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers _____ by the mechanical loom.
在工業革命期間,工匠織布工遭到機械織布機取代。

空格前的主詞是複數名詞 artisan weavers,空格後接介系詞 by + 工具/施動者,表示「被……」。因此空格必須填入複數主詞所搭配的被動語態。

解題方法

句型可還原為:

artisan weavers+被動語態+by the mechanical loom\text{artisan weavers} + \text{被動語態} + \text{by the mechanical loom}

選項 (B) were swept aside 的結構是:

  • were:過去式 be 動詞,搭配複數主詞 artisan weavers
  • swept aside:過去分詞片語,意為「被淘汰、被排除在外」

完整句子為:

In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers were swept aside by the mechanical loom.

翻譯為:

在工業革命期間,工匠織布工被機械織布機淘汰。

語意上,機械織布機取代人工織布,導致傳統工匠失去工作,were swept aside 正好表達「被新技術淘汰」的意思。

選項分析

(A) as the economy grew more sophisticated

意為「隨著經濟變得更加精密/複雜」,屬於由 as 引導的副詞子句。

若填入原句,會變成:

artisan weavers as the economy grew more sophisticated by the mechanical loom

句中缺少主要動詞,且 as 子句無法直接放在主詞後取代被動動詞,因此文法不成立。此選項適合放在文章最後的語意位置:

found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated.

(B) were swept aside

文法上,were 與複數主詞 artisan weavers 一致;語態上,主詞是「被機械織布機淘汰」的一方,應使用被動語態;語意上也符合工業革命造成傳統工匠失業的背景。

因此本選項正確。

(C) less than 2% of them

意為「其中不到 2% 的人」。這是名詞片語,不能直接接在:

artisan weavers _____ by the mechanical loom

之後。若放入文章後段,則可形成:

Today, less than 2% of them produce far more food.

意為「如今,少於其中 2% 的人卻生產出多得多的食物」。因此它不適合本題第一個空格。

(D) it creates new and better ones

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第 17 題

【題組共用題幹】

Innovation, the elixir of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers _____ by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution _____ that underpinned 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.

For those who believe that technological progress _____ that made the world a better place, such churn is a natural part of rising prosperity. Although innovation kills some jobs, _____, as a more productive society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was employed on a farm. Today, _____ produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not consigned to joblessness but found better-paid work _____.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「克漏字的文法結構、主動/被動語態,以及語意搭配」。

第 16 題所對應的句子為:

In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers _____ by the mechanical loom.
在工業革命期間,工匠織布工遭到機械織布機取代。

空格前的主詞是複數名詞 artisan weavers,空格後接介系詞 by + 工具/施動者,表示「被……」。因此空格必須填入複數主詞所搭配的被動語態。

解題方法

句型可還原為:

artisan weavers+被動語態+by the mechanical loom\text{artisan weavers} + \text{被動語態} + \text{by the mechanical loom}

選項 (B) were swept aside 的結構是:

  • were:過去式 be 動詞,搭配複數主詞 artisan weavers
  • swept aside:過去分詞片語,意為「被淘汰、被排除在外」

完整句子為:

In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers were swept aside by the mechanical loom.

翻譯為:

在工業革命期間,工匠織布工被機械織布機淘汰。

語意上,機械織布機取代人工織布,導致傳統工匠失去工作,were swept aside 正好表達「被新技術淘汰」的意思。

選項分析

(A) as the economy grew more sophisticated

意為「隨著經濟變得更加精密/複雜」,屬於由 as 引導的副詞子句。

若填入原句,會變成:

artisan weavers as the economy grew more sophisticated by the mechanical loom

句中缺少主要動詞,且 as 子句無法直接放在主詞後取代被動動詞,因此文法不成立。此選項適合放在文章最後的語意位置:

found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated.

(B) were swept aside

文法上,were 與複數主詞 artisan weavers 一致;語態上,主詞是「被機械織布機淘汰」的一方,應使用被動語態;語意上也符合工業革命造成傳統工匠失業的背景。

因此本選項正確。

(C) less than 2% of them

意為「其中不到 2% 的人」。這是名詞片語,不能直接接在:

artisan weavers _____ by the mechanical loom

之後。若放入文章後段,則可形成:

Today, less than 2% of them produce far more food.

意為「如今,少於其中 2% 的人卻生產出多得多的食物」。因此它不適合本題第一個空格。

(D) it creates new and better ones

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第 18 題

【題組共用題幹】

Innovation, the elixir of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers _____ by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution _____ that underpinned 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.

For those who believe that technological progress _____ that made the world a better place, such churn is a natural part of rising prosperity. Although innovation kills some jobs, _____, as a more productive society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was employed on a farm. Today, _____ produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not consigned to joblessness but found better-paid work _____.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「克漏字的文法結構、主動/被動語態,以及語意搭配」。

第 16 題所對應的句子為:

In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers _____ by the mechanical loom.
在工業革命期間,工匠織布工遭到機械織布機取代。

空格前的主詞是複數名詞 artisan weavers,空格後接介系詞 by + 工具/施動者,表示「被……」。因此空格必須填入複數主詞所搭配的被動語態。

解題方法

句型可還原為:

artisan weavers+被動語態+by the mechanical loom\text{artisan weavers} + \text{被動語態} + \text{by the mechanical loom}

選項 (B) were swept aside 的結構是:

  • were:過去式 be 動詞,搭配複數主詞 artisan weavers
  • swept aside:過去分詞片語,意為「被淘汰、被排除在外」

完整句子為:

In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers were swept aside by the mechanical loom.

翻譯為:

在工業革命期間,工匠織布工被機械織布機淘汰。

語意上,機械織布機取代人工織布,導致傳統工匠失去工作,were swept aside 正好表達「被新技術淘汰」的意思。

選項分析

(A) as the economy grew more sophisticated

意為「隨著經濟變得更加精密/複雜」,屬於由 as 引導的副詞子句。

若填入原句,會變成:

artisan weavers as the economy grew more sophisticated by the mechanical loom

句中缺少主要動詞,且 as 子句無法直接放在主詞後取代被動動詞,因此文法不成立。此選項適合放在文章最後的語意位置:

found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated.

(B) were swept aside

文法上,were 與複數主詞 artisan weavers 一致;語態上,主詞是「被機械織布機淘汰」的一方,應使用被動語態;語意上也符合工業革命造成傳統工匠失業的背景。

因此本選項正確。

(C) less than 2% of them

意為「其中不到 2% 的人」。這是名詞片語,不能直接接在:

artisan weavers _____ by the mechanical loom

之後。若放入文章後段,則可形成:

Today, less than 2% of them produce far more food.

意為「如今,少於其中 2% 的人卻生產出多得多的食物」。因此它不適合本題第一個空格。

(D) it creates new and better ones

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第 19 題

【題組共用題幹】

Innovation, the elixir of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers _____ by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution _____ that underpinned 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.

For those who believe that technological progress _____ that made the world a better place, such churn is a natural part of rising prosperity. Although innovation kills some jobs, _____, as a more productive society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was employed on a farm. Today, _____ produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not consigned to joblessness but found better-paid work _____.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「克漏字的文法結構、主動/被動語態,以及語意搭配」。

第 16 題所對應的句子為:

In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers _____ by the mechanical loom.
在工業革命期間,工匠織布工遭到機械織布機取代。

空格前的主詞是複數名詞 artisan weavers,空格後接介系詞 by + 工具/施動者,表示「被……」。因此空格必須填入複數主詞所搭配的被動語態。

解題方法

句型可還原為:

artisan weavers+被動語態+by the mechanical loom\text{artisan weavers} + \text{被動語態} + \text{by the mechanical loom}

選項 (B) were swept aside 的結構是:

  • were:過去式 be 動詞,搭配複數主詞 artisan weavers
  • swept aside:過去分詞片語,意為「被淘汰、被排除在外」

完整句子為:

In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers were swept aside by the mechanical loom.

翻譯為:

在工業革命期間,工匠織布工被機械織布機淘汰。

語意上,機械織布機取代人工織布,導致傳統工匠失去工作,were swept aside 正好表達「被新技術淘汰」的意思。

選項分析

(A) as the economy grew more sophisticated

意為「隨著經濟變得更加精密/複雜」,屬於由 as 引導的副詞子句。

若填入原句,會變成:

artisan weavers as the economy grew more sophisticated by the mechanical loom

句中缺少主要動詞,且 as 子句無法直接放在主詞後取代被動動詞,因此文法不成立。此選項適合放在文章最後的語意位置:

found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated.

(B) were swept aside

文法上,were 與複數主詞 artisan weavers 一致;語態上,主詞是「被機械織布機淘汰」的一方,應使用被動語態;語意上也符合工業革命造成傳統工匠失業的背景。

因此本選項正確。

(C) less than 2% of them

意為「其中不到 2% 的人」。這是名詞片語,不能直接接在:

artisan weavers _____ by the mechanical loom

之後。若放入文章後段,則可形成:

Today, less than 2% of them produce far more food.

意為「如今,少於其中 2% 的人卻生產出多得多的食物」。因此它不適合本題第一個空格。

(D) it creates new and better ones

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第 20 題

【題組共用題幹】

Innovation, the elixir of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers _____ by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution _____ that underpinned 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.

For those who believe that technological progress _____ that made the world a better place, such churn is a natural part of rising prosperity. Although innovation kills some jobs, _____, as a more productive society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was employed on a farm. Today, _____ produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not consigned to joblessness but found better-paid work _____.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「克漏字的文法結構、主動/被動語態,以及語意搭配」。

第 16 題所對應的句子為:

In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers _____ by the mechanical loom.
在工業革命期間,工匠織布工遭到機械織布機取代。

空格前的主詞是複數名詞 artisan weavers,空格後接介系詞 by + 工具/施動者,表示「被……」。因此空格必須填入複數主詞所搭配的被動語態。

解題方法

句型可還原為:

artisan weavers+被動語態+by the mechanical loom\text{artisan weavers} + \text{被動語態} + \text{by the mechanical loom}

選項 (B) were swept aside 的結構是:

  • were:過去式 be 動詞,搭配複數主詞 artisan weavers
  • swept aside:過去分詞片語,意為「被淘汰、被排除在外」

完整句子為:

In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers were swept aside by the mechanical loom.

翻譯為:

在工業革命期間,工匠織布工被機械織布機淘汰。

語意上,機械織布機取代人工織布,導致傳統工匠失去工作,were swept aside 正好表達「被新技術淘汰」的意思。

選項分析

(A) as the economy grew more sophisticated

意為「隨著經濟變得更加精密/複雜」,屬於由 as 引導的副詞子句。

若填入原句,會變成:

artisan weavers as the economy grew more sophisticated by the mechanical loom

句中缺少主要動詞,且 as 子句無法直接放在主詞後取代被動動詞,因此文法不成立。此選項適合放在文章最後的語意位置:

found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated.

(B) were swept aside

文法上,were 與複數主詞 artisan weavers 一致;語態上,主詞是「被機械織布機淘汰」的一方,應使用被動語態;語意上也符合工業革命造成傳統工匠失業的背景。

因此本選項正確。

(C) less than 2% of them

意為「其中不到 2% 的人」。這是名詞片語,不能直接接在:

artisan weavers _____ by the mechanical loom

之後。若放入文章後段,則可形成:

Today, less than 2% of them produce far more food.

意為「如今,少於其中 2% 的人卻生產出多得多的食物」。因此它不適合本題第一個空格。

(D) it creates new and better ones

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第 21 題

【題組共用題幹】

“16 and Pregnant,” a reality TV show, portrayed teenage parenthood realistically, with young mothers suffering sleepless nights, howling brats, money worries and the blank incomprehension of their still-partying childless contemporaries. According to the authors of a study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, seeing all this drudgery helped deter young viewers _____ becoming mothers—although the study only affirms that it reduced birth rates among blacks, _____ are more likely than whites or Hispanics to become pregnant _____ teenagers—and 30% more likely to watch “16 and Pregnant.”

Despite what you see on TV, teen birth rates are at an all-time low: in 2010 there were 34.4 births per 1,000 women _____ 15-19, which is down 44% from a peak in 1991. More information about disease and contraception probably helped, and the recession may have played a part. _____ that a TV show made a difference is hard, not least because it is tricky to measure how many people watched it in the first place. More youngsters are seeing programs days after they air, or are streaming their favorite shows online; data cannot always capture this.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「固定搭配」與介系詞用法:

  • deter A from V-ing:阻止、使 A 打消做某事的念頭
  • 結構為:
deter+人+from+動名詞\text{deter}+\text{人}+\text{from}+\text{動名詞}

題幹中的 young viewers 是受詞,becoming mothers 是介系詞 from 後面的動名詞片語。

定位答案的原文

seeing all this drudgery helped deter young viewers _____ becoming mothers

翻譯為:

看到這些辛勞的生活,有助於阻止年輕觀眾成為母親。

完整搭配應為:

helped deter young viewers from becoming mothers

意即:節目呈現青少年當父母的辛苦生活,使年輕觀眾降低成為未成年母親的意願。

解題方法

先辨認空格前的動詞 deter。deter 表示「阻止、使某人打消念頭」,其後不能直接接 to V,而是使用固定句型:

deter someone from doing something

例如:

  • The high cost deterred him from buying the car.
    高昂的費用使他打消買車的念頭。
  • Fear of failure should not deter you from trying.
    對失敗的恐懼不應阻止你嘗試。

因此本題應填 from。

選項分析

  • (A) to:錯誤。deter 不使用 deter someone to V 的句型。to V 常見於 encourage someone to V、persuade someone to V 等結構,但不適用於 deter。
  • (B) as:錯誤。
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第 22 題

【題組共用題幹】

“16 and Pregnant,” a reality TV show, portrayed teenage parenthood realistically, with young mothers suffering sleepless nights, howling brats, money worries and the blank incomprehension of their still-partying childless contemporaries. According to the authors of a study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, seeing all this drudgery helped deter young viewers _____ becoming mothers—although the study only affirms that it reduced birth rates among blacks, _____ are more likely than whites or Hispanics to become pregnant _____ teenagers—and 30% more likely to watch “16 and Pregnant.”

Despite what you see on TV, teen birth rates are at an all-time low: in 2010 there were 34.4 births per 1,000 women _____ 15-19, which is down 44% from a peak in 1991. More information about disease and contraception probably helped, and the recession may have played a part. _____ that a TV show made a difference is hard, not least because it is tricky to measure how many people watched it in the first place. More youngsters are seeing programs days after they air, or are streaming their favorite shows online; data cannot always capture this.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「關係代名詞」的用法,重點包括:

  1. 先判斷關係子句所修飾的先行詞。
  2. 判斷關係代名詞在子句中是主詞還是受詞。
  3. 注意逗號後的非限定關係子句,通常不可使用 that。

題目句子為:

it reduced birth rates among blacks, _____ are more likely than whites or Hispanics to become pregnant as teenagers

逗號前的先行詞是 blacks,指「黑人族群」。逗號後的關係子句補充說明黑人族群的特徵:他們比白人或西語裔更容易在青少年時期懷孕。


解題方法

先將關係子句還原:

Blacks are more likely than whites or Hispanics to become pregnant as teenagers.

在這個子句中,blacks 是主詞。因此,代替 blacks 的關係代名詞必須具有主詞功能:

blacks, who are more likely ...

完整結構是:

the study only affirms that it reduced birth rates among blacks, who are more likely than whites or Hispanics to become pregnant as teenagers

翻譯為:

這項研究只能證實,該節目降低了黑人族群的出生率;黑人比白人或西語裔更容易在青少年時期懷孕。

因此答案是 who。


定位答案的關鍵句

it reduced birth rates among blacks, _____ are more likely than whites or Hispanics to become pregnant as teenagers

其中:

  • blacks:黑人族群
  • are more likely than ... to ...:比……更有可能……
  • become pregnant:懷孕
  • as teenagers:在青少年時期

將答案代入後:

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第 23 題

【題組共用題幹】

“16 and Pregnant,” a reality TV show, portrayed teenage parenthood realistically, with young mothers suffering sleepless nights, howling brats, money worries and the blank incomprehension of their still-partying childless contemporaries. According to the authors of a study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, seeing all this drudgery helped deter young viewers _____ becoming mothers—although the study only affirms that it reduced birth rates among blacks, _____ are more likely than whites or Hispanics to become pregnant _____ teenagers—and 30% more likely to watch “16 and Pregnant.”

Despite what you see on TV, teen birth rates are at an all-time low: in 2010 there were 34.4 births per 1,000 women _____ 15-19, which is down 44% from a peak in 1991. More information about disease and contraception probably helped, and the recession may have played a part. _____ that a TV show made a difference is hard, not least because it is tricky to measure how many people watched it in the first place. More youngsters are seeing programs days after they air, or are streaming their favorite shows online; data cannot always capture this.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查介系詞與連接詞的語意辨析,重點在片語:

become pregnant as teenagers
在青少年時期懷孕

句中的 asas 表示「身為……、處於……身分或年齡階段」,相當於:

when they are teenagers
當她們還是青少年時

因此,asteenagersas teenagers 是修飾「懷孕時的身分與年齡階段」。

解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句是:

blacks, _____ are more likely than whites or Hispanics to become pregnant _____ teenagers

完整填入後為:

blacks, who are more likely than whites or Hispanics to become pregnant as teenagers

翻譯為:

黑人女性比白人或西班牙裔女性更可能在青少年時期懷孕。

題目所考的空格位於:

become pregnant _____ teenagers

此處需要表達「以青少年的身分/在青少年時期」,所以使用 asas:

become pregnant as teenagers

句型可整理為:

as+身分/角色/年齡階段as + 身分/角色/年齡階段
as a student:身為學生
as a child:在孩童時期
as teenagers:在青少年時期

選項分析

(A) as:正確

asteenagersas teenagers 表示「在青少年時期、身為青少年」。
becomepregnantasteenagersbecome pregnant as teenagers 意為「在青少年時期懷孕」,符合上下文。

(B) to:錯誤

toto 可用於表示方向、對象或不定詞,但英文不說:

become pregnant to teenagers

pregnantpregnant 後面不能以 to+teenagersto + teenagers 表示「在青少年時期」。

(C) of:錯誤

ofof 表示「……的」或部分、所屬關係,但:

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第 24 題

【題組共用題幹】

“16 and Pregnant,” a reality TV show, portrayed teenage parenthood realistically, with young mothers suffering sleepless nights, howling brats, money worries and the blank incomprehension of their still-partying childless contemporaries. According to the authors of a study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, seeing all this drudgery helped deter young viewers _____ becoming mothers—although the study only affirms that it reduced birth rates among blacks, _____ are more likely than whites or Hispanics to become pregnant _____ teenagers—and 30% more likely to watch “16 and Pregnant.”

Despite what you see on TV, teen birth rates are at an all-time low: in 2010 there were 34.4 births per 1,000 women _____ 15-19, which is down 44% from a peak in 1991. More information about disease and contraception probably helped, and the recession may have played a part. _____ that a TV show made a difference is hard, not least because it is tricky to measure how many people watched it in the first place. More youngsters are seeing programs days after they air, or are streaming their favorite shows online; data cannot always capture this.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 分詞片語修飾名詞。
  2. 關係子句的省略。
  3. aged 15-19 表示「年齡介於 15 至 19 歲的」。
  4. age、aging 與 aged 的詞性及語意差異。

空格所在句子為:

In 2010 there were 34.4 births per 1,000 women _____ 15-19.

正確還原為:

In 2010 there were 34.4 births per 1,000 women who were aged 15-19.

其中 who were aged 15-19 是修飾 women 的關係子句,省略關係代名詞 who 與 be 動詞 were 後,成為過去分詞片語:

women aged 15-19

因此:

In 2010 there were 34.4 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19.
2010 年,每 1,000 名年齡介於 15 至 19 歲的女性中,有 34.4 人生育。


解題方法

判斷空格時,先觀察空格後面的數字 15-19 是年齡範圍,語意是「年齡為 15 至 19 歲」。

英文中表達「年齡為……歲」常用:

be aged + 年齡

例如:

  • children aged 6-12:6 至 12 歲的兒童
  • adults aged over 65:年滿 65 歲以上的成人
  • women aged 15-19:15 至 19 歲的女性

因此本句的完整結構是:

women who were aged 15-19

由於關係子句中的關係代名詞與 be 動詞可省略:

women who were aged 15-19
women aged 15-19

故空格應填過去分詞 aged。


選項分析

(A) age

age 可作名詞,表示「年齡」,也可作動詞,表示「變老、使老化」。

填入後:

women age 15-19

此處缺少適當的動詞形式,且 age 不能直接表示「年齡介於 15 至 19 歲的女性」。若要作名詞,必須改寫為:

women whose age is 15-19

但原句的結構並非如此,因此錯誤。


(B) aging

aging 是現在分詞或動名詞,表示「老化中的、逐漸變老」。

填入後:

women aging 15-19

aging 後面不能直接接年齡範圍 15-19,而且語意不合理。women aging 會讓人理解為「正在變老的女性」,不能表達「15 至 19 歲的女性」。

因此錯誤。


(C) were aged

填入後:

women were aged 15-19

此句在 women 後直接接有限動詞 were,造成句子結構不完整:

there were 34.4 births per 1,000 women were aged 15-19

women were aged 15-19 若要成立,必須另有連接詞或關係代名詞,例如:

women who were aged 15-19

原句空格前沒有 who,所以不能直接填入 were aged。

此外,原句已經有主要動詞 were,出現在:

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第 25 題

【題組共用題幹】

“16 and Pregnant,” a reality TV show, portrayed teenage parenthood realistically, with young mothers suffering sleepless nights, howling brats, money worries and the blank incomprehension of their still-partying childless contemporaries. According to the authors of a study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, seeing all this drudgery helped deter young viewers _____ becoming mothers—although the study only affirms that it reduced birth rates among blacks, _____ are more likely than whites or Hispanics to become pregnant _____ teenagers—and 30% more likely to watch “16 and Pregnant.”

Despite what you see on TV, teen birth rates are at an all-time low: in 2010 there were 34.4 births per 1,000 women _____ 15-19, which is down 44% from a peak in 1991. More information about disease and contraception probably helped, and the recession may have played a part. _____ that a TV show made a difference is hard, not least because it is tricky to measure how many people watched it in the first place. More youngsters are seeing programs days after they air, or are streaming their favorite shows online; data cannot always capture this.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗**「不定詞片語(Infinitive Phrase)作名詞功能擔任主詞」**的句型結構。
在英文文法中,主詞必須具備「名詞性」。當主要動詞為連綴動詞 be\text{be},後面接形容詞作為主詞補詞(Subject Complement)時,句首若要表達「做某件事……」,可使用「動名詞(V-ingV\text{-ing})」或「不定詞(to V\text{to } V)」片語來擔任主詞。


解題方法

  1. 分析句子結構:
  • 題目定位句:

“_____ that a TV show made a difference is hard, not least because it is tricky to measure how many people watched it in the first place.”

  • 句中已有主要動詞 is,其後接形容詞 hard 作為補詞。
  • that a TV show made a difference 是由從屬連接詞 that 引導的名詞子句,作為前面動作的受詞(表示「證明『電視節目產生了影響』」這件事)。
  • not least because... 是表原因的副詞子句修飾語。
  • 由此可見,空格處必須填入一個及物動詞形式,與後面的 that 名詞子句結合成一個「名詞性片語」,在整個句子中擔任主要動詞 is 的主詞。
  1. 決定動詞形式:
  • 能帶受詞(that 子句)且能擔任主詞的動詞衍生形式有兩種:動名詞(Proving) 或 不定詞(To prove)。
  • 觀察選項,僅有 (E) To prove 符合不定詞作名詞片語擔任句首主詞的文法規則。
  • 還原結構:
    [To prove that a TV show made a difference]⏟不定詞片語作主詞is⏟動詞hard⏟主詞補詞…\underbrace{[\text{To prove that a TV show made a difference}]}_{\text{不定詞片語作主詞}} \quad \underbrace{\text{is}}_{\text{動詞}} \quad \underbrace{\text{hard}}_{\text{主詞補詞}} \dots
    (亦可改寫為虛主詞句型:It is hard to prove that a TV show made a difference...)

選項分析

  • (A) Proved:錯誤。過去分詞(Past Participle)或過去式動詞。若視為過去分詞,通常作形容詞或分詞構句修飾語,無法作為及物動詞直接帶 that 子句來擔任整個句子的主詞。
  • (B) Prove:錯誤。原形動詞不可直接擔任主詞。
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第 26 題

【題組共用題幹】

One of the scariest videos on YouTube was recorded by the nose-cone camera of a fighter jet as it was taking off. _____ The pilot spends an agonizing 30 seconds or so trying to regain control, before issuing the order to eject, after which the viewer is treated to a shot of the onrushing ground before the screen goes blank.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題屬於後中醫英文克漏字(篇章結構/語意銜接)題型,測驗考生對上下文敘事邏輯(Chronological / Causal Narrative Flow)、**代名詞與名詞指涉(Pronoun & Noun Reference)以及段落主題連貫性(Coherence)**的掌握度。


解題方法

本題的核心在於觀察空格前後的「時間先後」與「因果關係」:

  1. 前句情境:

"One of the scariest videos on YouTube was recorded by the nose-cone camera of a fighter jet as it was taking off."
(YouTube 上最恐怖的影片之一,是由一架戰鬥機在起飛時其機鼻攝影機所記錄下來的畫面。)
→ 主題聚焦在「戰鬥機(fighter jet)起飛時發生的驚悚事件」。

  1. 後句反應:

"The pilot spends an agonizing 30 seconds or so trying to regain control, before issuing the order to eject, after which the viewer is treated to a shot of the onrushing ground before the screen goes blank."
(飛行員歷經痛苦煎熬的 30 秒左右,試圖重新奪回控制權,隨後下達彈射逃生指令,接著觀眾便看到地面迎面猛撲而來的畫面,隨後螢幕便陷入一片漆黑。)
→ 飛行員需要「重新奪回控制權(regain control)」,代表在空格處戰鬥機必定遭遇了嚴重的突發事故而失控。

  1. 邏輯整合:
    空格必須填入「飛機剛離地瞬間發生了什麼突發意外,直接導致後文飛行員無法控制飛機」。因此描述「飛機離地後一隻大鳥衝過來並吸入引擎」的選項,在時間點(just after the plane leaves the runway)、原因(撞鳥吸入引擎)與後果(失去控制、彈射)上均形成無縫銜接。

選項分析

  • (A) Now, similar systems are being considered for civilian airports.
    錯誤。句中的 "similar systems"(類似系統)在空格前文中完全沒有任何可對應的「系統」(前文僅提及機鼻攝影機,並非防止鳥擊或防護的系統),且 "Now" 與民航機場(civilian airports)的討論偏離了當前正在敘述的「該部具體 YouTube 影片情節」,時態與主題均脫節。

  • (B) In 2009 an Airbus with 155 people on board hit a flock of geese when it was taking off from LaGuardia airport in New York.
    錯誤。

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第 27 題

【題組共用題幹】

One of the scariest videos on YouTube was recorded by the nose-cone camera of a fighter jet as it was taking off. _____ The pilot spends an agonizing 30 seconds or so trying to regain control, before issuing the order to eject, after which the viewer is treated to a shot of the onrushing ground before the screen goes blank.

Bird strikes are a problem—sometimes a fatal one—for military and civil aviation alike. America’s Federal Administration reports that there are about 10,000 such strikes a year to the country’s non-military aircraft, costing more than 957957 million in damage and delays. _____

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為篇章結構題(句意插入題 / Paragraph Completion),測驗考生對段落語意連貫性(Coherence)、**上下文邏輯銜接(Contextual Clues)與代名詞/關鍵詞對應(Lexical Cohesion)**的掌握度。

在文章結構中,空缺若位於段落結尾,通常肩負承接前句具體細節、進行資訊延伸或總結的任務。考生需特別辨識前後文的「數量詞、金額、地理範疇(區域 vs. 全球)」之對稱關係。


解題方法

  1. 定位空缺位置與前文語意:
    本題(第 27 題)位於第二段末尾:

America’s Federal Administration reports that there are about 10,000 such strikes a year to the country’s non-military aircraft, costing more than $957 million in damage and delays. _____
(美國聯邦航空總署報告指出,該國非軍用飛機每年約發生 10,000 起此類鳥擊事件,造成的損失與延誤費用超過 9.57 億美元。_____)

  1. 尋找關鍵線索與對應元素:
  • 地理範疇的對比與擴展:前句提到「美國本國(America / the country’s)」的數據,後句邏輯上最自然的延伸是由「單一國家」推進到「全球層面(world-wide)」。
  • 數值與損失金額的同範疇對應:前句列舉了具體金額「costing more than $957 million(超過 9.57 億美元)」,後句以「The world-wide figure ... $1.2 billion(全球數據估計為 12 億美元)」作平行對照,語意嚴謹且具說服力。
  1. 確認段落主題合致度:
    第二段首句確立主題:「鳥擊(Bird strikes)對軍用與民航都是嚴重問題」,隨後以美國的具體統計損失數字為例,末句順理成章以全球的統計金額收尾,結構完整。

關鍵字彙與片語

  • nose-cone (n.):機鼻錐體、機首雷達罩
  • fighter jet (n.):戰鬥機
  • take off (phr.):起飛
  • agonizing (adj.):令人極度痛苦的、備受折磨的
  • regain control (phr.):重新掌控(控制權)
  • eject (v.):(飛行員)彈射跳傘
  • onrushing (adj.):猛衝而來的、迎面撲來的
  • bird strike (n.):鳥擊(飛鳥撞擊飛機)
  • aviation (n.):航空、航空學
  • civil aviation (n.):民用航空
  • Federal Administration (n.):聯邦總署(此處指美國聯邦航空總署 FAA)
  • damage and delays (n.):損害與(航班)延誤
  • figure (n.):數據、數字
  • European Space Agency (ESA) (n.):歐洲太空總署

選項分析

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第 28 題

【題組共用題幹】

One of the scariest videos on YouTube was recorded by the nose-cone camera of a fighter jet as it was taking off. _____ The pilot spends an agonizing 30 seconds or so trying to regain control, before issuing the order to eject, after which the viewer is treated to a shot of the onrushing ground before the screen goes blank.

Bird strikes are a problem—sometimes a fatal one—for military and civil aviation alike. America’s Federal Administration reports that there are about 10,000 such strikes a year to the country’s non-military aircraft, costing more than 957957 million in damage and delays. _____

Moreover, though relatively few people have been killed in accidents caused by bird strikes, the potential for something horrible to happen is real—as was shown by one of the most famous strikes of recent years. _____ The passengers were saved only by the skill of the pilot, Chelsley Sullenberger, who managed to ditch the plane safely in the Hudson river.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查克漏字的「篇章連貫」與「代名詞、轉折語及事件發展順序」。判斷重點包括:

  1. 空格前後的語意銜接。
  2. 代名詞或指示語所指涉的內容。
  3. 時間順序與因果關係。
  4. 文章主題由一般現象逐步帶入著名個案的寫法。

本文主題是「鳥擊(bird strikes)對軍民航空的危害」,文章安排如下:

  • 第一段:描述戰鬥機遭鳥擊、飛行員被迫彈射的驚險影片。
  • 第二段:說明鳥擊造成的普遍損失及全球損失估計。
  • 第三段:以 2009 年哈德遜河迫降事件作為著名案例。

本題三個空格的完整配置為:

  • 第一空:D
  • 第二空:E
  • 第三空:B

官方公布的第 28 題答案為 B,所對應的是第三段空格。


解題方法

第三段原文如下:

Moreover, though relatively few people have been killed in accidents caused by bird strikes, the potential for something horrible to happen is real—as was shown by one of the most famous strikes of recent years. _____ The passengers were saved only by the skill of the pilot, Chelsley Sullenberger, who managed to ditch the plane safely in the Hudson river.

空格前說明:雖然鳥擊事故造成的死亡人數相對不多,但發生嚴重事故的可能性確實存在,接著要舉出「近年最著名的鳥擊事件」作為例子。

選項 B:

In 2009 an Airbus with 155 people on board hit a flock of geese when it was taking off from LaGuardia airport in New York.

翻譯為:

2009 年,一架載有 155 人的空中巴士在紐約拉瓜迪亞機場起飛時,撞上一群雁。

這句完整交代了:

  • 時間:In 2009
  • 飛機及人數:an Airbus with 155 people on board
  • 事故:hit a flock of geese
  • 地點:LaGuardia airport in New York
  • 發生時機:when it was taking off

下一句的:

The passengers were saved only by the skill of the pilot...

其中的 The passengers 正好承接 B 選項中的 155 people on board;而飛行員 Sullenberger 成功將飛機迫降於哈德遜河,也正是著名的「哈德遜河奇蹟」。因此 B 在語意、時間順序與篇章銜接上都完全符合。


題幹與答案定位句

定位答案的關鍵句為:

...the potential for something horrible to happen is real—as was shown by one of the most famous strikes of recent years.

翻譯:

……發生可怕事故的可能性確實存在,近年最著名的鳥擊事件之一便證明了這一點。

這句明確要求下一句提出一個「著名鳥擊事件」。B 選項所描述的正是 2009 年拉瓜迪亞機場鳥擊事件,後續並銜接飛機迫降哈德遜河及乘客獲救的結果。


選項分析

(A) Now, similar systems are being considered for civilian airports.

翻譯:

現在,民用機場也正在考慮採用類似的系統。

此句中的 similar systems 必須先有前文提到某種「系統」作為依據,但第三段空格前後都沒有介紹任何系統。文章此處需要的是一個具體鳥擊事件,而不是機場防治系統,因此不適合放在第三段。

此外,A 與第一段的飛行器攝影或機場防鳥設備較可能相關,卻無法銜接:

The passengers were saved only by the skill of the pilot.

因為 A 沒有提到任何乘客、飛機事故或飛行員。


(B) In 2009 an Airbus with 155 people on board hit a flock of geese when it was taking off from LaGuardia airport in New York.

翻譯:

2009 年,一架載有 155 人的空中巴士在紐約拉瓜迪亞機場起飛時,撞上一群雁。

本句提出一個具體、著名且嚴重的鳥擊事件,與前文的:

one of the most famous strikes of recent years

完全呼應。

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第 29 題

【題組共用題幹】

One of the scariest videos on YouTube was recorded by the nose-cone camera of a fighter jet as it was taking off. _____ The pilot spends an agonizing 30 seconds or so trying to regain control, before issuing the order to eject, after which the viewer is treated to a shot of the onrushing ground before the screen goes blank.

Bird strikes are a problem—sometimes a fatal one—for military and civil aviation alike. America’s Federal Administration reports that there are about 10,000 such strikes a year to the country’s non-military aircraft, costing more than 957957 million in damage and delays. _____

Moreover, though relatively few people have been killed in accidents caused by bird strikes, the potential for something horrible to happen is real—as was shown by one of the most famous strikes of recent years. _____ The passengers were saved only by the skill of the pilot, Chelsley Sullenberger, who managed to ditch the plane safely in the Hudson river.

At the moment, attempts to deal with the problem mostly involve efforts to cull flocks of the larger species—geese in particular—in the vicinity of airports, and also the use of bird scarers to try to drive off those actually sitting near runways. _____ There may, however, be a better way. For a decade or more the air forces of several countries have used radar to track birds which might threaten their aircraft. _____ If they work, the old methods of trying to scare birds away, or cull them, can be abandoned.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考克漏字中的「篇章連貫」與「語意銜接」,判斷重點包括:

  • 代名詞與指示語所指涉的內容。
  • 前後句的因果、轉折與承接關係。
  • 文章敘述順序:事件描述 → 數據說明 → 個案佐證 → 現行方法評估 → 新方法介紹。
  • 選項放入句中後,是否符合文法、語氣與上下文邏輯。

本題共有五個空格,官方答案「C」對應第四個空格。


文章結構與解題方法

先依各段功能判斷:

  1. 第一段描述戰鬥機遭鳥擊的驚險畫面,空格應接續說明事故經過。
  2. 第二段提出鳥擊造成的普遍損失,空格應補充全球統計。
  3. 第三段以著名事故作為「嚴重後果確實存在」的證明,空格應交代事故細節。
  4. 第四段先介紹目前採用的驅鳥、撲殺方法,接著指出這些方法效果不佳,空格應放入評估句。
  5. 第五段介紹雷達追蹤鳥群,空格應說明此系統也考慮應用於民航機場。

因此完整配對為:

  • 第一空:D
  • 第二空:E
  • 第三空:B
  • 第四空:C
  • 第五空:A

第四空為 C 的關鍵理由

第四段原文:

At the moment, attempts to deal with the problem mostly involve efforts to cull flocks of the larger species—geese in particular—in the vicinity of airports, and also the use of bird scarers to try to drive off those actually sitting near runways. As the figures suggest, these approaches do not work well. There may, however, be a better way.

翻譯:

目前,處理這個問題的方法主要包括在機場附近撲殺大型鳥類,尤其是雁群,以及使用驅鳥器,試圖驅離實際停留在跑道附近的鳥類。正如這些數據所顯示的,這些方法的效果並不好。 不過,可能有更好的方法。

選項 C:

As the figures suggest, these approaches do not work well.

其中:

  • As the figures suggest:正如數據所顯示的
  • these approaches:這些方法,指前句的撲殺鳥群與使用驅鳥器
  • do not work well:效果不佳、成效不好

前文已提到鳥擊每年造成大量損失,並且用了「mostly involve」描述目前的處理方式;下一句又以 There may, however, be a better way 引出更好的新方法。由此可知,第四空必須先對現行方法作負面評價,C 正好形成:

「目前方法」→「成效不佳」→「然而有更好的方法」

這是完整且自然的語意鏈,因此第四空答案為 C。


選項分析

(A) Now, similar systems are being considered for civilian airports.

翻譯:

現在,類似的系統正被考慮用於民用機場。

similar systems 指前一句的雷達追蹤系統,必須先有「軍方已使用雷達追蹤鳥類」的內容,才能使用 similar systems。因此 A 應放在第五空:

For a decade or more the air forces of several countries have used radar to track birds which might threaten their aircraft. Now, similar systems are being considered for civilian airports.

若放在第四空,前文尚未介紹任何「systems」,指涉對象不明,銜接不成立。


(B) In 2009 an Airbus with 155 people on board hit a flock of geese when it was taking off from LaGuardia airport in New York.

翻譯:

2009 年,一架載有 155 人的空中巴士,從紐約拉瓜迪亞機場起飛時撞上一群雁。

前文:

the potential for something horrible to happen is real—as was shown by one of the most famous strikes of recent years.

翻譯:

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第 30 題

【題組共用題幹】

One of the scariest videos on YouTube was recorded by the nose-cone camera of a fighter jet as it was taking off. _____ The pilot spends an agonizing 30 seconds or so trying to regain control, before issuing the order to eject, after which the viewer is treated to a shot of the onrushing ground before the screen goes blank.

Bird strikes are a problem—sometimes a fatal one—for military and civil aviation alike. America’s Federal Administration reports that there are about 10,000 such strikes a year to the country’s non-military aircraft, costing more than 957957 million in damage and delays. _____

Moreover, though relatively few people have been killed in accidents caused by bird strikes, the potential for something horrible to happen is real—as was shown by one of the most famous strikes of recent years. _____ The passengers were saved only by the skill of the pilot, Chelsley Sullenberger, who managed to ditch the plane safely in the Hudson river.

At the moment, attempts to deal with the problem mostly involve efforts to cull flocks of the larger species—geese in particular—in the vicinity of airports, and also the use of bird scarers to try to drive off those actually sitting near runways. _____ There may, however, be a better way. For a decade or more the air forces of several countries have used radar to track birds which might threaten their aircraft. _____ If they work, the old methods of trying to scare birds away, or cull them, can be abandoned.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考克漏字中的「篇章連貫」與「語意銜接」,判斷重點包括:

  • 代名詞與指示語所指涉的內容。
  • 前後句的因果、轉折與承接關係。
  • 文章敘述順序:事件描述 → 數據說明 → 個案佐證 → 現行方法評估 → 新方法介紹。
  • 選項放入句中後,是否符合文法、語氣與上下文邏輯。

本題共有五個空格,官方答案「C」對應第四個空格。


文章結構與解題方法

先依各段功能判斷:

  1. 第一段描述戰鬥機遭鳥擊的驚險畫面,空格應接續說明事故經過。
  2. 第二段提出鳥擊造成的普遍損失,空格應補充全球統計。
  3. 第三段以著名事故作為「嚴重後果確實存在」的證明,空格應交代事故細節。
  4. 第四段先介紹目前採用的驅鳥、撲殺方法,接著指出這些方法效果不佳,空格應放入評估句。
  5. 第五段介紹雷達追蹤鳥群,空格應說明此系統也考慮應用於民航機場。

因此完整配對為:

  • 第一空:D
  • 第二空:E
  • 第三空:B
  • 第四空:C
  • 第五空:A

第四空為 C 的關鍵理由

第四段原文:

At the moment, attempts to deal with the problem mostly involve efforts to cull flocks of the larger species—geese in particular—in the vicinity of airports, and also the use of bird scarers to try to drive off those actually sitting near runways. As the figures suggest, these approaches do not work well. There may, however, be a better way.

翻譯:

目前,處理這個問題的方法主要包括在機場附近撲殺大型鳥類,尤其是雁群,以及使用驅鳥器,試圖驅離實際停留在跑道附近的鳥類。正如這些數據所顯示的,這些方法的效果並不好。 不過,可能有更好的方法。

選項 C:

As the figures suggest, these approaches do not work well.

其中:

  • As the figures suggest:正如數據所顯示的
  • these approaches:這些方法,指前句的撲殺鳥群與使用驅鳥器
  • do not work well:效果不佳、成效不好

前文已提到鳥擊每年造成大量損失,並且用了「mostly involve」描述目前的處理方式;下一句又以 There may, however, be a better way 引出更好的新方法。由此可知,第四空必須先對現行方法作負面評價,C 正好形成:

「目前方法」→「成效不佳」→「然而有更好的方法」

這是完整且自然的語意鏈,因此第四空答案為 C。


選項分析

(A) Now, similar systems are being considered for civilian airports.

翻譯:

現在,類似的系統正被考慮用於民用機場。

similar systems 指前一句的雷達追蹤系統,必須先有「軍方已使用雷達追蹤鳥類」的內容,才能使用 similar systems。因此 A 應放在第五空:

For a decade or more the air forces of several countries have used radar to track birds which might threaten their aircraft. Now, similar systems are being considered for civilian airports.

若放在第四空,前文尚未介紹任何「systems」,指涉對象不明,銜接不成立。


(B) In 2009 an Airbus with 155 people on board hit a flock of geese when it was taking off from LaGuardia airport in New York.

翻譯:

2009 年,一架載有 155 人的空中巴士,從紐約拉瓜迪亞機場起飛時撞上一群雁。

前文:

the potential for something horrible to happen is real—as was shown by one of the most famous strikes of recent years.

翻譯:

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第 31 題

【題組共用題幹】

Berries, like most things in this world, taste even better along with a stiff drink. But now scientists have found that booze has the magical power to make fresh berries even healthier than they already are: soaking the fruits in rum or vodka supercharged their antioxidant levels. This makes us extremely happy. Because we love things that battle cancer-causing oxidative cell damage almost as much as we enjoy inventing punched-fruit cocktails. Dunk the fresh blackberries, mint leaves, sugar syrup and lime juice into a tall glass. Using the back of spoon (or a muddler if you’re a pro at this stuff), lightly mash the mixture to bring out the flavors. Add some crushed ice, then pour the rum—easy there—and stir. Top with soda water and then pretend it’s not raining and that you live in Havana.

How would a muddler be useful as mentioned here?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「指代與語境判斷」,重點是根據 muddler 出現的動作與用途,推知其功能。

文中描述製作飲品時,將黑莓、薄荷葉、糖漿與萊姆汁放入杯中,再使用湯匙背面或 muddler 輕輕搗壓,以釋放食材的味道。因此,muddler 是用來搗碎、壓破水果與香草,使其中的香氣、汁液與風味成分釋放出來。

關鍵句定位與翻譯

Using the back of spoon (or a muddler if you’re a pro at this stuff), lightly mash the mixture to bring out the flavors.

翻譯:

使用湯匙背面(如果你是這方面的專家,也可以使用 muddler),輕輕搗壓這個混合物,使其風味散發出來。

其中:

  • muddler:調酒用搗棒、搗碎棒。
  • lightly mash:輕輕搗碎、壓碎。
  • bring out the flavors:帶出、釋放食材的風味。
  • essence:精華、香氣或主要風味成分。

題目問「muddler 如何派上用場」,答案應對應 bring out the flavors 的意思。

解題方法

先找出 muddler 所搭配的動作:

muddler→lightly mash the mixture→bring out the flavors\text{muddler} \rightarrow \text{lightly mash the mixture} \rightarrow \text{bring out the flavors}

也就是:

搗壓食材→釋放汁液與香氣→增強飲品風味\text{搗壓食材} \rightarrow \text{釋放汁液與香氣} \rightarrow \text{增強飲品風味}

因此,muddler 的用途是使食材釋放更多風味精華,對應 squeeze out more essence of the ingredients。

選項分析

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第 32 題

【題組共用題幹】

Berries, like most things in this world, taste even better along with a stiff drink. But now scientists have found that booze has the magical power to make fresh berries even healthier than they already are: soaking the fruits in rum or vodka supercharged their antioxidant levels. This makes us extremely happy. Because we love things that battle cancer-causing oxidative cell damage almost as much as we enjoy inventing punched-fruit cocktails. Dunk the fresh blackberries, mint leaves, sugar syrup and lime juice into a tall glass. Using the back of spoon (or a muddler if you’re a pro at this stuff), lightly mash the mixture to bring out the flavors. Add some crushed ice, then pour the rum—easy there—and stir. Top with soda water and then pretend it’s not raining and that you live in Havana.

What is the key ingredient shared by the beverages mentioned in this passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀中的「語意判斷」與「主旨線索定位」。解題重點不是尋找每一種飲料的所有成分,而是判斷文章提到的各種酒精飲品所共有的核心成分。

文章先提到以蘭姆酒或伏特加浸泡莓果,後半段又介紹一款以蘭姆酒調製的水果雞尾酒。因此,這些 beverage(飲料)共同涉及的關鍵成分是 alcohol(酒精)。

定位答案的關鍵句

“Berries, like most things in this world, taste even better along with a stiff drink.”

莓果和大多數事物一樣,搭配一杯烈酒嚐起來更美味。

“soaking the fruits in rum or vodka supercharged their antioxidant levels.”

將水果浸泡在蘭姆酒或伏特加中,會大幅提升其抗氧化物含量。

“then pour the rum—easy there—and stir.”

接著倒入蘭姆酒——慢一點——然後攪拌。

其中 rum(蘭姆酒)與 vodka(伏特加)都是含有酒精的 alcoholic beverages(酒精飲料),而文章介紹的 punched-fruit cocktails(水果調酒)也以酒精為核心。因此答案是 alcohol。

解題方法

  1. 先找文章反覆出現、且與飲品直接相關的字詞。
  2. 文章明確提到:
  • stiff drink:烈酒
  • rum:蘭姆酒
  • vodka:伏特加
  • cocktails:雞尾酒
  1. 將這些飲品的共同特徵歸納為「含有酒精」。
  2. 再排除只出現在單一配方中的材料,例如 soda water、sugar 等。

題目問的是 the key ingredient shared by the beverages,也就是「這些飲料共同擁有的關鍵成分」,不是詢問某一杯飲料的全部配方。

選項分析

(A) Soda

錯誤。文章最後提到:

“Top with soda water”

在飲料上加入蘇打水。

但 soda water 只出現在最後的調酒步驟中,前文提到的 rum、vodka、stiff drink 並不都以蘇打水為共同成分。因此不能選 soda。

(B) Remaining detergent

錯誤。detergent 是「清潔劑、洗滌劑」,remaining detergent 是「剩餘的清潔劑」。文章內容是水果、烈酒與雞尾酒,完全沒有提到清潔劑;此選項屬於明顯的語意干擾。

(C) Vitamin C

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第 33 題

【題組共用題幹】

Berries, like most things in this world, taste even better along with a stiff drink. But now scientists have found that booze has the magical power to make fresh berries even healthier than they already are: soaking the fruits in rum or vodka supercharged their antioxidant levels. This makes us extremely happy. Because we love things that battle cancer-causing oxidative cell damage almost as much as we enjoy inventing punched-fruit cocktails. Dunk the fresh blackberries, mint leaves, sugar syrup and lime juice into a tall glass. Using the back of spoon (or a muddler if you’re a pro at this stuff), lightly mash the mixture to bring out the flavors. Add some crushed ice, then pour the rum—easy there—and stir. Top with soda water and then pretend it’s not raining and that you live in Havana.

What is implied here about Havana?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「語境推論」。題目未直接說明 Havana 的特色,必須根據最後一句的語意與語氣推知:

“Top with soda water and then pretend it’s not raining and that you live in Havana.”
「加上蘇打水,接著假裝現在沒有下雨,而且你住在哈瓦那。」

句中把「沒有下雨」與「住在 Havana」並列,表示 Havana 給人的典型印象是天氣晴朗、宜人,適合享受清爽的水果調酒。因此答案為 Havana is known for lovely weather。

解題方法

先定位文章中與選項直接相關的句子:

“pretend it’s not raining and that you live in Havana”

其中:

  • pretend + 子句:假裝……
  • it’s not raining:現在沒有下雨
  • live in Havana:住在哈瓦那

作者的語氣是:外面正在下雨,但喝著以黑莓、薄荷、萊姆汁與蘭姆酒調成的飲品,假裝自己身處陽光宜人的 Havana。這種寫法是以反差製造幽默,暗示 Havana 的天氣通常令人聯想到晴朗、舒適,而不是陰雨。

選項分析

(A) It is a busy metropolitan city.

「它是一座繁忙的大都會城市。」

文中沒有提到 Havana 的城市規模、交通或都市活動。題幹重點在飲品與天氣的想像,無法支持「繁忙的大都會」這項描述,故錯誤。

(B) There is a tradition of drinking fruit juice there.

「當地有飲用果汁的傳統。」

文章描述的是黑莓、薄荷、糖漿、萊姆汁、蘭姆酒與蘇打水所調成的雞尾酒,並非單純果汁。文中也沒有提到 Havana 的飲食傳統,故錯誤。

(C) It is known for lovely weather.

「它以宜人的天氣聞名。」

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第 34 題

【題組共用題幹】

Berries, like most things in this world, taste even better along with a stiff drink. But now scientists have found that booze has the magical power to make fresh berries even healthier than they already are: soaking the fruits in rum or vodka supercharged their antioxidant levels. This makes us extremely happy. Because we love things that battle cancer-causing oxidative cell damage almost as much as we enjoy inventing punched-fruit cocktails. Dunk the fresh blackberries, mint leaves, sugar syrup and lime juice into a tall glass. Using the back of spoon (or a muddler if you’re a pro at this stuff), lightly mash the mixture to bring out the flavors. Add some crushed ice, then pour the rum—easy there—and stir. Top with soda water and then pretend it’s not raining and that you live in Havana.

According to this passage, what could arguably be the best pal for any food in the world?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解,重點是:

  1. 根據文章明確訊息定位答案。
  2. 判斷關鍵字在上下文中的語意。
  3. 理解搭配語意:某種食物最適合搭配什麼飲品或調味品。

題目問:

what could arguably be the best pal for any food in the world?

其中:

  • pal:朋友、夥伴;此處指「最佳搭配」
  • food:食物
  • arguably:可以說、可合理主張地
  • along with:和……一起、搭配……
  • a stiff drink:一杯濃烈的酒,指酒精飲料

因此,題目是在問「什麼東西可以說是全世界任何食物的最佳搭配」。

解題方法

直接尋找文章中描述「食物搭配飲品」的句子:

Berries, like most things in this world, taste even better along with a stiff drink.

翻譯為:

莓果和這世界上大多數東西一樣,搭配一杯濃烈的酒,吃起來會更加美味。

此句明確指出,莓果搭配酒精飲料後味道更好;接著文章又提到:

soaking the fruits in rum or vodka supercharged their antioxidant levels.

意思是:

將水果浸泡在蘭姆酒或伏特加中,會大幅提升其抗氧化物含量。

文章後半段還介紹以黑莓、薄荷、糖漿、萊姆汁、蘭姆酒、蘇打水調製飲品。全文核心均圍繞「莓果與酒精飲料的搭配」,因此最佳答案為 Alcoholic beverage。

定位答案的關鍵句

Berries, like most things in this world, taste even better along with a stiff drink.

關鍵語意是 taste even better along with a stiff drink,表示「搭配酒精飲料會更加美味」。其中 a stiff drink 不是「硬的飲料」,而是指酒精濃度較高的飲品。

文法與語意重點

  1. taste + 形容詞

句中的 taste even better 是感官動詞用法:

  • taste good:嚐起來很好
  • taste better:嚐起來更好
  • taste even better:嚐起來甚至更好

even 用來加強比較級 better 的語氣。

  1. along with
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第 35 題

【題組共用題幹】

Berries, like most things in this world, taste even better along with a stiff drink. But now scientists have found that booze has the magical power to make fresh berries even healthier than they already are: soaking the fruits in rum or vodka supercharged their antioxidant levels. This makes us extremely happy. Because we love things that battle cancer-causing oxidative cell damage almost as much as we enjoy inventing punched-fruit cocktails. Dunk the fresh blackberries, mint leaves, sugar syrup and lime juice into a tall glass. Using the back of spoon (or a muddler if you’re a pro at this stuff), lightly mash the mixture to bring out the flavors. Add some crushed ice, then pour the rum—easy there—and stir. Top with soda water and then pretend it’s not raining and that you live in Havana.

Which is NOT true nor implied according to this passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為閱讀理解中的「非事實/非推論」判斷題,重點是:

  1. 找出文章明確陳述的資訊。
  2. 判斷選項是否能由文章直接推出。
  3. 注意選項是否加入文章沒有提到的主體、條件或因果關係。

題幹主旨是:酒精浸泡新鮮莓果,能提高其抗氧化物含量;文章接著介紹一種以黑莓、薄荷、糖漿、萊姆汁、蘭姆酒、碎冰與蘇打水調製的飲品。


關鍵單字與片語

  • berry:莓果
  • stiff drink:烈酒;酒精濃度高的飲品
  • booze:酒精飲料、酒
  • magical power:神奇的力量
  • soak:浸泡
  • supercharge:大幅提升、使增強
  • antioxidant:抗氧化物
  • cancer-causing:致癌的
  • oxidative cell damage:氧化性細胞損傷
  • punched-fruit cocktail:以水果調製的雞尾酒
  • dunk A into B:把 A 浸入 B
  • mint leaves:薄荷葉
  • sugar syrup:糖漿
  • muddler:搗棒
  • mash:搗碎、壓碎
  • bring out the flavors:引出風味、使味道充分釋放
  • crushed ice:碎冰
  • top with:在上方加上
  • soda water:蘇打水

文法上,題目問:

Which is NOT true nor implied according to this passage?

意思是「根據本文,下列何者既不正確,也無法由文章推知?」
因此,不一定要在文章中找到與選項完全相同的字句;只要意思能由文章合理推論,即屬於 true or implied。


解題方法

先掌握文章中的兩個資訊區塊:

第一,健康與抗氧化作用:

“soaking the fruits in rum or vodka supercharged their antioxidant levels.”

意思是「將水果浸泡在蘭姆酒或伏特加中,會大幅提高水果的抗氧化物含量。」

接著文章說:

“Because we love things that battle cancer-causing oxidative cell damage...”

意思是「因為我們喜歡能對抗致癌性氧化細胞損傷的東西。」

第二,飲品製作方式:

“Add some crushed ice, then pour the rum... Top with soda water...”

意思是「加入一些碎冰,再倒入蘭姆酒,最後加上蘇打水。」

另外:

“lightly mash the mixture to bring out the flavors.”

意思是「輕輕搗碎混合物,以引出其中的風味。」

逐項比對後,E 選項加入了文章沒有提到的「濫用酒精飲料」以及「酒精導致癌症」的因果概念,因此不屬於本文內容。


選項分析

(A) Cancer becomes one of the most serious threats to health nowadays.
「癌症已成為現今對健康最嚴重的威脅之一。」

正確。文章提到:

“cancer-causing oxidative cell damage”

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第 36 題

【題組共用題幹】

If you want to see a roomful of people roll their eyes, just walk into a gathering of astronomers and shout, “Mayan apocalypse!” For years now, the idea that the earth will be destroyed in a terrible cataclysm on Dec. 21, 2012, has been bouncing around the internet and showing up in articles, books and even movies. But despite what the tinfoil-hat crowd insists, an asteroid is not about to hit the earth. Neither is there an imaginary planet called Nibiru. Our world isn’t going to be abruptly flipped upside down like a burger on a griddle. What’s more, Mayan astrologers never said any of that stuff would actually happen. Yes, the Maya had what’s known as a Long Count calendar, and yes, that calendar ends on Dec. 21, 2012. But the nice thing about calendars, including the one the Maya used, is that they always start over again from zero. All the same, some folks at NASA are worried—not about the end of the world but about the harm all the loose talk may be doing. “I get a tremendous number of e-mails about it,” says a scientist at the NASA. “A large fraction are from people asking if the world will end. A few even talk about suicide.” In an attempt to stop the hysteria, NASA convened a Google+ hangout during which people could ask astronomers anything they wanted to about the rumors. For nearly an hour, the scientists soothed nerves, patiently explaining, for example, that an asteroid en route to earth would have been spotted by telescopes long ago and that Nibiru, if it existed, would now be the brightest object in the sky after the sun and moon.

What emotion or attitude does “to roll one’s eyes” refer to in this context?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「慣用語/身體語言(Body Language)」在特定語境中的語意理解與情感推論。
片語 "to roll one's eyes"(翻白眼) 是英語中常見的非語言肢體動作,通常用來表達「難以置信、覺得荒謬、不以為然、輕蔑或鄙視(disdain, contempt, disbelief, disapproval)」。考生必須結合上下文(專業天文學家面對網路末日荒謬謠言時的反應)來精確推斷其所蘊含的情緒與態度。


解題方法

1. 定位原文關鍵句

原文:
"If you want to see a roomful of people roll their eyes, just walk into a gathering of astronomers and shout, 'Mayan apocalypse!' For years now, the idea that the earth will be destroyed in a terrible cataclysm on Dec. 21, 2012, has been bouncing around the internet... But despite what the tinfoil-hat crowd insists, an asteroid is not about to hit the earth."

中文翻譯:
「如果你想看到滿屋子的人翻白眼,只要走進一群天文學家的聚會中,大喊一聲:『馬雅世界末日!』就成了。多年以來,地球將在 2012 年 12 月 21 日毀於一場可怕浩劫的說法一直在網路上瘋傳……但儘管那群戴著錫箔帽(指狂熱陰謀論者)的人堅信不疑,小行星並不會撞擊地球。」

2. 語意與語境推論

  1. 角色與背景:場景中的對象是「天文學家(astronomers)」,他們具備高度專業科學知識;話題是流傳於網路與陰謀論者(tinfoil-hat crowd)口中的「馬雅末日、小行星撞地球、虛構星球 Nibiru」等荒誕說法。
  2. 態度分析:專業科學家面對這種毫無根據的偽科學言論時,「翻白眼」代表他們對這種荒謬論調早已聽膩、嗤之以鼻,並抱持強烈不認同與輕蔑、鄙視的態度。
  3. 選項對應:
  • "roll one's eyes" 本身表達 dismissive(輕蔑不理會)或 disdainful(鄙視)的否定反應。
  • 選項 (D) 中的 despising(輕視的、鄙視的)精準對應了「看不起這種荒謬說法」,而 disagreement(不贊同、不同意)則表達了科學家對偽科學謠言的否定。兩者結合最符合題意。

選項分析

  • (A) Angry confusion(憤怒的困惑):錯誤。天文學家對這些科學常識非常清楚,完全沒有「困惑(confusion)」;他們的情緒是覺得荒唐可笑或無奈輕蔑,而非充滿怒火與不解。
  • (B) Deep bewilderment(深深的困惑/茫然):錯誤。
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第 37 題

【題組共用題幹】

If you want to see a roomful of people roll their eyes, just walk into a gathering of astronomers and shout, “Mayan apocalypse!” For years now, the idea that the earth will be destroyed in a terrible cataclysm on Dec. 21, 2012, has been bouncing around the internet and showing up in articles, books and even movies. But despite what the tinfoil-hat crowd insists, an asteroid is not about to hit the earth. Neither is there an imaginary planet called Nibiru. Our world isn’t going to be abruptly flipped upside down like a burger on a griddle. What’s more, Mayan astrologers never said any of that stuff would actually happen. Yes, the Maya had what’s known as a Long Count calendar, and yes, that calendar ends on Dec. 21, 2012. But the nice thing about calendars, including the one the Maya used, is that they always start over again from zero. All the same, some folks at NASA are worried—not about the end of the world but about the harm all the loose talk may be doing. “I get a tremendous number of e-mails about it,” says a scientist at the NASA. “A large fraction are from people asking if the world will end. A few even talk about suicide.” In an attempt to stop the hysteria, NASA convened a Google+ hangout during which people could ask astronomers anything they wanted to about the rumors. For nearly an hour, the scientists soothed nerves, patiently explaining, for example, that an asteroid en route to earth would have been spotted by telescopes long ago and that Nibiru, if it existed, would now be the brightest object in the sky after the sun and moon.

Why did the Mayan Calendar bring out this whole apocalypse theory?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為閱讀測驗中的「細節推論與因果關係題」(Inference / Cause-and-Effect Question),考查考生能否從文章中提煉關鍵資訊,並理解字面意義背後的深層意涵。本題核心在於釐清「馬雅曆法為何會引發世界末日說(apocalypse theory)」,測驗考生對作者語氣的掌握以及「字面過度解讀(take/read literally)」與「週期循環曆法(cyclical calendar)」之間的對比。


解題方法

  1. 鎖定題目關鍵字:
    題幹問的是「Why did the Mayan Calendar bring out this whole apocalypse theory?」(馬雅曆法為何會引發這一整套末日理論?)。
  2. 回文定位關鍵句:
    文章中段明確提及馬雅曆法與末日說的關聯:

“Yes, the Maya had what’s known as a Long Count calendar, and yes, that calendar ends on Dec. 21, 2012. But the nice thing about calendars, including the one the Maya used, is that they always start over again from zero.”
【中譯】「沒錯,馬雅人擁有被稱為『長紀曆』的曆法,而且沒錯,那套曆法確實終結於 2012 年 12 月 21 日。但曆法(包含馬雅人使用的這套)的美妙之處在於:它們總會歸零重新開始。」

  1. 邏輯推理與選項換質換位:
    曆法結束(ends on Dec. 21, 2012)在馬雅文明的曆法結構中只是代表一個循環週期的結束、接著「歸零重新開始(start over again from zero)」,馬雅占星師根本沒說過世界會毀滅(“Mayan astrologers never said any of that stuff would actually happen.”)。然而大眾卻將該曆法的「最後日期」過度字面化地理解為「世界的終點」,這正是「太過照字面理解曆法結構與日期」(People read the structure and dates of the calendar too literally.)。

關鍵單字與片語解析

  • apocalypse (n.):大災難、世界末日
  • cataclysm (n.):大災變、劇變
  • tinfoil-hat crowd (n. phr.):錫箔帽群眾(指深信陰謀論或怪力亂神的一群人)
  • Long Count calendar (n.):長紀曆(馬雅曆法的一種)
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第 38 題

【題組共用題幹】

If you want to see a roomful of people roll their eyes, just walk into a gathering of astronomers and shout, “Mayan apocalypse!” For years now, the idea that the earth will be destroyed in a terrible cataclysm on Dec. 21, 2012, has been bouncing around the internet and showing up in articles, books and even movies. But despite what the tinfoil-hat crowd insists, an asteroid is not about to hit the earth. Neither is there an imaginary planet called Nibiru. Our world isn’t going to be abruptly flipped upside down like a burger on a griddle. What’s more, Mayan astrologers never said any of that stuff would actually happen. Yes, the Maya had what’s known as a Long Count calendar, and yes, that calendar ends on Dec. 21, 2012. But the nice thing about calendars, including the one the Maya used, is that they always start over again from zero. All the same, some folks at NASA are worried—not about the end of the world but about the harm all the loose talk may be doing. “I get a tremendous number of e-mails about it,” says a scientist at the NASA. “A large fraction are from people asking if the world will end. A few even talk about suicide.” In an attempt to stop the hysteria, NASA convened a Google+ hangout during which people could ask astronomers anything they wanted to about the rumors. For nearly an hour, the scientists soothed nerves, patiently explaining, for example, that an asteroid en route to earth would have been spotted by telescopes long ago and that Nibiru, if it existed, would now be the brightest object in the sky after the sun and moon.

What is the major concern of the scientists in NASA for the people who believed the theory?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為閱讀測驗中的細節理解題(Detail Question)與同義語意轉換題(Paraphrasing)。考查重點在於考生能否迅速在長文中精準定位關鍵字(NASA、scientists、worried / concern),並將文章中具體的描述(自殺、歇斯底里)抽象歸納為選項所呈現的高階語義概念(drastic measures)。


解題方法

  1. 鎖定題目關鍵詞與定位點:
  • 題幹問:「What is the major concern of the scientists in NASA for the people who believed the theory?」(NASA 科學家對於相信該理論的人們,其『主要擔憂』為何?)
  • 關鍵詞為 scientists in NASA、concern(worried)。
  1. 回文定位與句意解析:
  • 文章中段指出:

"All the same, some folks at NASA are worried—not about the end of the world but about the harm all the loose talk may be doing. 'I get a tremendous number of e-mails about it,' says a scientist at the NASA. 'A large fraction are from people asking if the world will end. A few even talk about suicide.' In an attempt to stop the hysteria, NASA convened a Google+ hangout..."
(儘管如此,NASA 的一些人仍感到擔憂——擔心的不是世界末日,而是所有這些不負責任的言論可能造成的傷害。NASA 的一位科學家表示:「我收到了大量相關電子郵件,很大一部分人詢問世界是否會毀滅,甚至有少數人談到了自殺。」為了遏止這種歇斯底里的恐慌,NASA 召開了 Google+ 視訊聚會……)

  • 由此可見,科學家擔心的不是末日本身,而是謠言引發民眾恐慌,甚至有人提及「自殺(suicide)」這類極端行動。
  1. 語意同義轉換:
  • 文中的「talk about suicide(談論自殺)」與「hysteria(歇斯底里)」對應到選項 (E) 中的「take drastic measures(採取激烈/極端手段)」。

關鍵單字與片語解析

  • apocalypse (n.):大災難;世界末日
  • cataclysm (n.):大災難;大動亂
  • loose talk (n.):輕率之言;無根據的閒言碎語
  • hysteria (n.):歇斯底里;過度情緒激動/恐慌
  • drastic measures (n. phr.):激烈手段;極端措施(drastic 意為「嚴厲的、極端的」)
  • impending (adj.):即將發生的;
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第 39 題

【題組共用題幹】

If you want to see a roomful of people roll their eyes, just walk into a gathering of astronomers and shout, “Mayan apocalypse!” For years now, the idea that the earth will be destroyed in a terrible cataclysm on Dec. 21, 2012, has been bouncing around the internet and showing up in articles, books and even movies. But despite what the tinfoil-hat crowd insists, an asteroid is not about to hit the earth. Neither is there an imaginary planet called Nibiru. Our world isn’t going to be abruptly flipped upside down like a burger on a griddle. What’s more, Mayan astrologers never said any of that stuff would actually happen. Yes, the Maya had what’s known as a Long Count calendar, and yes, that calendar ends on Dec. 21, 2012. But the nice thing about calendars, including the one the Maya used, is that they always start over again from zero. All the same, some folks at NASA are worried—not about the end of the world but about the harm all the loose talk may be doing. “I get a tremendous number of e-mails about it,” says a scientist at the NASA. “A large fraction are from people asking if the world will end. A few even talk about suicide.” In an attempt to stop the hysteria, NASA convened a Google+ hangout during which people could ask astronomers anything they wanted to about the rumors. For nearly an hour, the scientists soothed nerves, patiently explaining, for example, that an asteroid en route to earth would have been spotted by telescopes long ago and that Nibiru, if it existed, would now be the brightest object in the sky after the sun and moon.

According to this passage, what can one be positively sure about a Long Count calendar?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節判讀」與「語意推論」,重點在於分辨:

  • Long Count calendar 是用來記錄長時間跨度的曆法。
  • 曆法在某一循環結束後,會重新從零開始,並不代表世界末日或曆法真正失效。
  • 文章反駁的是「2012 年是世界末日」的說法。

關鍵句為:

“Yes, the Maya had what’s known as a Long Count calendar, and yes, that calendar ends on Dec. 21, 2012.”

翻譯:
「是的,馬雅人確實有一種稱為『長紀曆』的曆法,而且那個曆法在 2012 年 12 月 21 日結束。」

接著文章說:

“But the nice thing about calendars, including the one the Maya used, is that they always start over again from zero.”

翻譯:
「但曆法的好處在於,包括馬雅人使用的曆法在內,曆法總是會重新從零開始。」

官方答案將 Long Count 理解為「用來計算長時間的曆法」,因此判定它涵蓋的時間跨度遠超過一年。

解題方法

先找題幹詢問的對象:a Long Count calendar。文章直接提供兩項資訊:

  1. 它是馬雅人使用的曆法。
  2. 它在某一日期結束,但之後會重新從零開始。

選項中,只有 (B) 符合「Long Count」所表示的功能與概念。此曆法不是只記錄一年內的日期,而是以較長的時間單位累計日期,因此涵蓋的時間跨度遠比一年長。

選項分析

(A) It only existed in Central America.
「它只存在於中美洲。」

錯誤。文章只說馬雅人使用 Long Count calendar,沒有說它「只」存在於中美洲。「only」屬於文章未提供的過度推論。

(B) It covers a time span much longer than a year.
「它涵蓋的時間跨度遠比一年長。」

正確。Long Count 的功能就是以長期累計方式記錄日期;「Long Count」本身即表示長期計數。它不是以一年為一個完整範圍的普通年曆,而是可記錄遠超過一年的時間。

(C) It was used to predict the catastrophes, especial the ultimate one.
「它被用來預測災難,尤其是最終的大災難。」

錯誤。文章明確否定這種說法:

“What’s more, Mayan astrologers never said any of that stuff would actually happen.”

翻譯:
「更重要的是,馬雅占星家從未說過那些事情真的會發生。」

此外,文中的 “cataclysm” 指「大災變、巨大災難」,不是 Long Count calendar 的用途。

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第 40 題

【題組共用題幹】

If you want to see a roomful of people roll their eyes, just walk into a gathering of astronomers and shout, “Mayan apocalypse!” For years now, the idea that the earth will be destroyed in a terrible cataclysm on Dec. 21, 2012, has been bouncing around the internet and showing up in articles, books and even movies. But despite what the tinfoil-hat crowd insists, an asteroid is not about to hit the earth. Neither is there an imaginary planet called Nibiru. Our world isn’t going to be abruptly flipped upside down like a burger on a griddle. What’s more, Mayan astrologers never said any of that stuff would actually happen. Yes, the Maya had what’s known as a Long Count calendar, and yes, that calendar ends on Dec. 21, 2012. But the nice thing about calendars, including the one the Maya used, is that they always start over again from zero. All the same, some folks at NASA are worried—not about the end of the world but about the harm all the loose talk may be doing. “I get a tremendous number of e-mails about it,” says a scientist at the NASA. “A large fraction are from people asking if the world will end. A few even talk about suicide.” In an attempt to stop the hysteria, NASA convened a Google+ hangout during which people could ask astronomers anything they wanted to about the rumors. For nearly an hour, the scientists soothed nerves, patiently explaining, for example, that an asteroid en route to earth would have been spotted by telescopes long ago and that Nibiru, if it existed, would now be the brightest object in the sky after the sun and moon.

What could be the tone of the author when he said “Nibiru would now be the brightest object in the sky after the sun and moon if it existed”?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「作者語氣判斷」,重點在於根據上下文與句子表達方式,判斷作者是在:

  • 客觀陳述科學事實;
  • 推測某種可能性;
  • 表達迷信;
  • 以反諷、嘲弄方式批評某種說法;
  • 持懷疑態度提出質疑。

題目定位句為:

“Nibiru, if it existed, would now be the brightest object in the sky after the sun and moon.”

意思是:「如果 Nibiru 真的存在,現在應該會是天空中僅次於太陽和月亮、最明亮的天體。」

這句話表面上是在說明天文觀測結果,實際上是以極度誇張、帶有嘲弄意味的方式,指出 Nibiru 根本不可能如傳聞所說那樣存在。

解題方法

判斷作者語氣時,不能只看單一句子的字面意思,必須結合上下文:

  1. 文章一開始就描述天文學家聽到 “Mayan apocalypse!” 時會 roll their eyes,表示他們對末日傳聞感到不以為然。
  2. 文章明確否定相關謠言,包括:
  • asteroid is not about to hit the earth;
  • there is no imaginary planet called Nibiru;
  • 世界不會突然顛倒。
  1. 科學家進一步說明:如果 Nibiru 真的存在,而且距離地球近到足以造成傳聞中的影響,它現在應該亮到僅次於太陽與月亮,不可能完全沒有被觀察到。

因此,這句話不是認真提出 Nibiru 存在的可能性,而是用誇張的假設反過來嘲諷迷信傳聞,語氣屬於 sarcastic(諷刺的、嘲諷的)。

文法與語意重點

句型:

If + 主詞 + 過去式,主詞 + would + 原形動詞

本句為第二類條件句:

If it existed, Nibiru would now be the brightest object...

其中:

  • if it existed:如果它存在
  • would now be:現在就會是
  • the brightest object in the sky after the sun and moon:天空中僅次於太陽和月亮、最明亮的天體

這裡的 existed 並非單純描述過去,而是表示與現在事實相反或不太可能成立的假設。作者藉由「假設它存在」來推導一個荒謬而明顯的結果,從而凸顯 Nibiru 傳聞的不可信。

關鍵單字與片語:

  • tone:語氣、口吻
  • astronomer:天文學家
  • apocalypse:世界末日、大災變
  • cataclysm:大災難、劇變
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第 41 題

【題組共用題幹】

For the ancient people of Central America, money grew on trees—cacao trees, that is, the source of chocolate. Inside the football-shaped pods that sprout from cacao trunks and branches lie rows of seeds. Those seeds, often called beans, were among the most coveted products that the Central Americans traded in their own region and beyond. The seeds also served as currency throughout the realm.

Native to the tropics of the Americas, cacao trees thrive in rain forests beneath the shading canopy of taller plants. Nobody knows who first cultivated cacao. The word itself trances back to the ancient word kakaw. By about 1100 B.C. the early people there were making a cacao brew. In time, they produced the first chocolate: a thick, bitter beverage used especially for rites of passage—birth, marriage, induction into the priesthood, even entry into the afterlife. The traditional recipe began with drying, roasting, and grinding fermented cacao seeds. Then they mixed the resulting powder with water and flavorings that included cinnamon, chilies, and vanilla. They poured the concoction back and forth between pots, creating a cap of foam that was considered the most delicious part.

Many vessels created for storing and serving spiced chocolate show scenes of kings and nobles drinking it, as well as the gods. Commoners may also have imbibed during feast days. Some vessels were personalized with glyphs that read, “This is my chocolate pot.”

How long ago did the ancient Central Americans make wine from cacao?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「時間定位與年代換算」。解題關鍵是找到文章明確提供的年代,再將西元前的時間換算成距今約幾年。

文章指出古代中美洲居民約在西元前 1100 年已經製作可可飲品。題目中的 wine from cacao 並非文章原文用語,應依上下文理解為「以可可製成的飲品」。

答案定位

關鍵句為:

By about 1100 B.C. the early people there were making a cacao brew.

翻譯:

大約在西元前 1100 年,當地早期居民已經在製作可可飲品。

本題為民國 104 年考試,即西元 2015 年。從西元前 1100 年到西元 2015 年,約為:

1100+2015=3115 年1100+2015=3115\text{ 年}

取約數後即為 3100 年。因此答案選 (A) 3100 years。

選項分析

  • (A) 3100 years:正確

文章明確說明,早期居民約在西元前 1100 年開始製作可可飲品。以考試年度西元 2015 年計算,距今約 3100 年,符合題目所問。

  • (B) 1100 years:錯誤

1100 是文章中的年代數字,但原文是 1100 B.C.,表示「西元前 1100 年」,不是距今 1100 年。選項直接將文章中的數字誤當成時間長度。

  • (C) 100 years:錯誤

文章沒有提到 100 年,也沒有任何內容支持可可飲品起源於約 100 年前。這是與文章年代完全不符的干擾選項。

  • (D) Not mentioned here:錯誤

製作可可飲品的時間已在文章中明確提及:

By about 1100 B.C.

因此不能選「文章未提及」。

  • (E) Nobody knows:錯誤

文章中的 Nobody knows 是指:

Nobody knows who first cultivated cacao.

翻譯為:

沒有人知道最早栽培可可的是誰。

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第 42 題

【題組共用題幹】

For the ancient people of Central America, money grew on trees—cacao trees, that is, the source of chocolate. Inside the football-shaped pods that sprout from cacao trunks and branches lie rows of seeds. Those seeds, often called beans, were among the most coveted products that the Central Americans traded in their own region and beyond. The seeds also served as currency throughout the realm.

Native to the tropics of the Americas, cacao trees thrive in rain forests beneath the shading canopy of taller plants. Nobody knows who first cultivated cacao. The word itself trances back to the ancient word kakaw. By about 1100 B.C. the early people there were making a cacao brew. In time, they produced the first chocolate: a thick, bitter beverage used especially for rites of passage—birth, marriage, induction into the priesthood, even entry into the afterlife. The traditional recipe began with drying, roasting, and grinding fermented cacao seeds. Then they mixed the resulting powder with water and flavorings that included cinnamon, chilies, and vanilla. They poured the concoction back and forth between pots, creating a cap of foam that was considered the most delicious part.

Many vessels created for storing and serving spiced chocolate show scenes of kings and nobles drinking it, as well as the gods. Commoners may also have imbibed during feast days. Some vessels were personalized with glyphs that read, “This is my chocolate pot.”

Which of the following statements is wrong?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是「閱讀理解+細節判斷」題,要求找出與文章內容不符的敘述。解題重點是:

  1. 先掌握文章主旨:古代中美洲人將可可豆製成苦味飲品,並用於交易、貨幣及重要儀式。
  2. 逐一將選項與原文細節比對。
  3. 特別注意選項中的形容詞與範圍,例如 bitter(苦的)、sweet(甜的)、hot(熱的),這些字常是判斷正誤的關鍵。

解題方法

本題應採取「定位原文」的方法。文章第三段說明巧克力飲品的製作方式與用途,末段則說明器皿上的圖像與文字。

最關鍵的原文是:

In time, they produced the first chocolate: a thick, bitter beverage used especially for rites of passage—birth, marriage, induction into the priesthood, even entry into the afterlife.

意思是:

後來,他們製成了最早的巧克力:一種濃稠、苦味的飲料,特別用於生命階段轉換的儀式,例如出生、結婚、加入祭司階級,甚至進入來世。

以及:

The traditional recipe began with drying, roasting, and grinding fermented cacao seeds. Then they mixed the resulting powder with water and flavorings that included cinnamon, chilies, and vanilla.

意思是:

傳統配方先將發酵過的可可種子乾燥、烘焙並研磨,再把所得粉末與水及肉桂、辣椒、香草等調味料混合。

因此,文章明確指出這種飲品是 thick(濃稠的)、bitter(苦的),並未說是現代人常見的「熱巧克力」或「甜巧克力」。

選項分析

(A) The ancient Central Americans sometimes carved words on cups.

古代中美洲人有時會在杯子上刻寫文字。

正確。

原文說:

Some vessels were personalized with glyphs that read, “This is my chocolate pot.”

意思是:

有些器皿會刻上象形文字,內容是:「這是我的巧克力壺。」

其中 vessel 指「器皿」,可包括杯子、壺等容器;glyph 指「象形文字、刻寫符號」。因此,古代中美洲人確實會在盛裝巧克力的器皿上刻寫文字。

(B) Kakaw was consumed in funeral.

Kakaw 曾在葬禮中被飲用。

正確。

原文列出巧克力飲品使用於各種 rites of passage,包括:

birth, marriage, induction into the priesthood, even entry into the afterlife

其中 entry into the afterlife 意為「進入來世」,指死亡或葬送相關的生命階段轉換。因此,將 kakaw 用於葬禮或死亡儀式,符合文章內容。

文法上,選項的 in funeral 用法不自然,較標準的說法是 at a funeral 或 in funeral ceremonies;但就閱讀理解而言,選項的語意仍可由原文判定為正確。

(C) People consumed kakaw to celebrate occasions of moving from one stage of life to another.

人們飲用 kakaw,以慶祝從人生一個階段進入另一個階段的場合。

正確。

這是對 rites of passage 的意譯。此片語指「成年、結婚、入會、死亡等人生轉折儀式」,也就是人在生命階段之間轉換時所舉行的儀式。

原文列舉出生、結婚、加入祭司階級及進入來世,正好支持本選項。

(D) Cultural information about their life was painted on jars and pots.

關於他們生活的文化資訊被畫在罐子和壺上。

正確。

原文說:

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第 43 題

【題組共用題幹】

For the ancient people of Central America, money grew on trees—cacao trees, that is, the source of chocolate. Inside the football-shaped pods that sprout from cacao trunks and branches lie rows of seeds. Those seeds, often called beans, were among the most coveted products that the Central Americans traded in their own region and beyond. The seeds also served as currency throughout the realm.

Native to the tropics of the Americas, cacao trees thrive in rain forests beneath the shading canopy of taller plants. Nobody knows who first cultivated cacao. The word itself trances back to the ancient word kakaw. By about 1100 B.C. the early people there were making a cacao brew. In time, they produced the first chocolate: a thick, bitter beverage used especially for rites of passage—birth, marriage, induction into the priesthood, even entry into the afterlife. The traditional recipe began with drying, roasting, and grinding fermented cacao seeds. Then they mixed the resulting powder with water and flavorings that included cinnamon, chilies, and vanilla. They poured the concoction back and forth between pots, creating a cap of foam that was considered the most delicious part.

Many vessels created for storing and serving spiced chocolate show scenes of kings and nobles drinking it, as well as the gods. Commoners may also have imbibed during feast days. Some vessels were personalized with glyphs that read, “This is my chocolate pot.”

What does “currency” mean here?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字義判讀,重點是依據上下文判斷一字在文章中的正確意思。

currency 常見意思是:

  • 貨幣;通貨
  • 作為交易媒介的物品
  • 流通;流行

文章描述可可豆在中美洲古代社會的功能,指出可可種子不只是珍貴商品,也被用來進行交易。因此此處的 currency 是「貨幣、交易媒介」之意。

定位原文與翻譯

關鍵句為:

The seeds also served as currency throughout the realm.

翻譯為:

這些種子也在整個王國中充當貨幣。

句中 serve as + 名詞 表示「充當、作為……使用」,因此 served as currency 就是「被當作貨幣使用」。

前文亦提供語境線索:

Those seeds, often called beans, were among the most coveted products that the Central Americans traded in their own region and beyond.

翻譯為:

這些通常被稱為豆子的種子,是中美洲人在當地及更遠地區進行交易時最珍貴的商品之一。

traded(交易)與後面的 currency 相互呼應,明確顯示此處與買賣、支付有關。

解題方法

先將各選項代回原句:

The seeds also served as ______ throughout the realm.

接著判斷句意是否通順:

這些種子也在整個王國中充當「交易媒介」。

此句語意完整,符合文章所述可可豆可被交易、用來支付的功能,因此選擇「交易媒介」的選項。

關鍵單字與片語

  • ancient:古代的
  • Central America:中美洲
  • cacao tree:可可樹
  • pod:莢、果莢
  • seed:種子
  • bean:豆;此處指可可豆
  • coveted:令人渴望的、珍貴而受追求的
  • trade:交易
  • serve as:充當、作為
  • currency:貨幣、通貨
  • realm:王國、領域
  • native to:原產於
  • thrive:茂盛生長
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第 44 題

【題組共用題幹】

For the ancient people of Central America, money grew on trees—cacao trees, that is, the source of chocolate. Inside the football-shaped pods that sprout from cacao trunks and branches lie rows of seeds. Those seeds, often called beans, were among the most coveted products that the Central Americans traded in their own region and beyond. The seeds also served as currency throughout the realm.

Native to the tropics of the Americas, cacao trees thrive in rain forests beneath the shading canopy of taller plants. Nobody knows who first cultivated cacao. The word itself trances back to the ancient word kakaw. By about 1100 B.C. the early people there were making a cacao brew. In time, they produced the first chocolate: a thick, bitter beverage used especially for rites of passage—birth, marriage, induction into the priesthood, even entry into the afterlife. The traditional recipe began with drying, roasting, and grinding fermented cacao seeds. Then they mixed the resulting powder with water and flavorings that included cinnamon, chilies, and vanilla. They poured the concoction back and forth between pots, creating a cap of foam that was considered the most delicious part.

Many vessels created for storing and serving spiced chocolate show scenes of kings and nobles drinking it, as well as the gods. Commoners may also have imbibed during feast days. Some vessels were personalized with glyphs that read, “This is my chocolate pot.”

Which part of the beverage did the ancient Central Americans probably regard as the best part of it?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為閱讀理解題,考查:

  1. 根據文章明確資訊定位答案。
  2. 代名詞與指涉內容的理解。
  3. 同義改寫與細節判讀。

題目問:

Which part of the beverage did the ancient Central Americans probably regard as the best part of it?
古代中美洲人可能認為這種飲料的哪一部分是最好的部分?

關鍵在於文章最後描述製作巧克力飲料時,特別提到表面泡沫的美味程度。


解題方法

先鎖定題目中的關鍵字:

  • part of the beverage:飲料的哪一部分
  • regard as the best part:視為最好的部分

回到第二段尋找與「最美味」相關的敘述:

They poured the concoction back and forth between pots, creating a cap of foam that was considered the most delicious part.
他們將這種混合飲料在不同鍋子之間來回傾倒,製造出一層泡沫;這層泡沫被認為是最好吃的部分。

其中:

  • a cap of foam 指飲料表面的一層泡沫。
  • was considered the most delicious part 表示「被認為是最美味的部分」。

題目將 the most delicious part 改寫為 the best part,因此答案是飲料頂端的泡沫。


關鍵單字與片語

  • ancient:古代的
  • Central America:中美洲
  • cacao tree:可可樹
  • cacao seed / bean:可可種子/可可豆
  • currency:貨幣
  • native to:原產於
  • tropics:熱帶地區
  • thrive:茂盛生長
  • rain forest:雨林
  • canopy:樹冠層
  • cultivate:栽培
  • trace back to:追溯至
  • brew:沖泡的飲料
  • bitter beverage:苦味飲料
  • rite of passage:人生重要階段的儀式
  • fermented:發酵的
  • roast:烘烤
  • grind:研磨
  • flavoring:調味料
  • concoction:混合飲料、調製物
  • pour back and forth:來回傾倒
  • cap of foam:頂端的一層泡沫
  • delicious:美味的
  • vessel:容器
  • noble:貴族
  • imbibe:飲用
  • glyph:象形文字、符號

文法與語意重點

關鍵句中的結構為:

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第 45 題

【題組共用題幹】

For the ancient people of Central America, money grew on trees—cacao trees, that is, the source of chocolate. Inside the football-shaped pods that sprout from cacao trunks and branches lie rows of seeds. Those seeds, often called beans, were among the most coveted products that the Central Americans traded in their own region and beyond. The seeds also served as currency throughout the realm.

Native to the tropics of the Americas, cacao trees thrive in rain forests beneath the shading canopy of taller plants. Nobody knows who first cultivated cacao. The word itself trances back to the ancient word kakaw. By about 1100 B.C. the early people there were making a cacao brew. In time, they produced the first chocolate: a thick, bitter beverage used especially for rites of passage—birth, marriage, induction into the priesthood, even entry into the afterlife. The traditional recipe began with drying, roasting, and grinding fermented cacao seeds. Then they mixed the resulting powder with water and flavorings that included cinnamon, chilies, and vanilla. They poured the concoction back and forth between pots, creating a cap of foam that was considered the most delicious part.

Many vessels created for storing and serving spiced chocolate show scenes of kings and nobles drinking it, as well as the gods. Commoners may also have imbibed during feast days. Some vessels were personalized with glyphs that read, “This is my chocolate pot.”

Which of the following statements is wrong?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「依據文章判斷敘述真偽」,重點是辨認:

  1. 文章明確陳述的事實。
  2. 根據文章可合理推論的內容。
  3. 文章完全沒有提到、且與原文不符的細節。

本題的關鍵在於古代中美洲巧克力飲品的製作方式。文章只提到將可可粉與水、香料混合,再把飲品在容器之間來回倒取,以製造泡沫;並未提到煮沸。


解題方法

先找出與各選項對應的原文,再判斷選項是否:

  • 與原文直接相符;
  • 可由原文合理推論;
  • 添加了原文沒有的動作或資訊。

本題定位答案的關鍵句是:

“Then they mixed the resulting powder with water and flavorings that included cinnamon, chilies, and vanilla.”

接著,他們把所得的粉末與水及香料混合,香料包括肉桂、辣椒和香草。

以及:

“They poured the concoction back and forth between pots, creating a cap of foam that was considered the most delicious part.”

他們把這種混合飲品在數個鍋罐之間來回倒取,製造出一層泡沫;這層泡沫被認為是最美味的部分。

原文描述的是「混合」與「來回倒取」,沒有說「充分煮沸」,因此答案為 A。


選項分析

(A) The kakaw was boiled thoroughly before it could be served.

kakaw 在供飲用前必須被充分煮沸。

錯誤。文章指出傳統製作方式包括:

“The traditional recipe began with drying, roasting, and grinding fermented cacao seeds.”

傳統配方首先是將發酵過的可可種子乾燥、烘烤並研磨。

之後是將粉末與水、香料混合,再在容器之間來回倒取製造泡沫。全文沒有提到 boiling(煮沸),更沒有 thoroughly boiled(充分煮沸)的程序。

這個選項把一般飲品製作可能包含的「加熱」擅自加入文章,屬於以常識取代文本證據,因此是本題錯誤敘述。


(B) Wine probably existed before kakaw became a drink.

在 kakaw 成為飲品之前,葡萄酒很可能已經存在。

此選項不是本題答案。文章沒有直接討論 wine(葡萄酒)的起源,也沒有明確比較葡萄酒與 kakaw 的年代。不過文章只說:

“By about 1100 B.C. the early people there were making a cacao brew.”

大約在西元前 1100 年,當地早期居民已經製作可可發酵飲品。

嚴格而言,讀者無法單憑本文確定葡萄酒是否早於 kakaw;但此選項並未加入 kakaw 製作過程中不存在的步驟,也沒有直接違反文章內容。相較之下,A 明確捏造了「充分煮沸」的程序,因此官方答案不選 B。

關鍵字:

  • wine:葡萄酒
  • probably:很可能
  • existed:存在
  • before:在……之前

(C) Kakaw was more or less integrated into their mythology.

kakaw 大致融入了他們的神話體系。

此選項正確。文章提到:

“Many vessels created for storing and serving spiced chocolate show scenes of kings and nobles drinking it, as well as the gods.”

許多用來儲存及盛裝香料巧克力的器皿,描繪國王、貴族以及眾神飲用巧克力的場景。

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第 46 題

【題組共用題幹】

Three days a week, a retired agricultural officer named Teodoro sets to work in the back of what was once a small roadside shop about an hour and a half south of Rome, making a cheese that has twice come close to extinction. Using a stirring stick and a large aluminum vat, he curdles sheep’s milk into small wheels of cheese, which he shapes by hand and sets on a table to dry. Il Conciato di San Vittore, as the cheese is called, represents the deepest roots of Italian culinary production—small scale, artisanal, steeped in history. Yet the chances for its survival would be slim if not for a recent partnership with an Italian business operating on a vastly different scale: the newly opened Eataly supermarket in central Rome.

With four floors of aisles and restaurants connected by moving walkways and glass elevators, the location is the gourmet chain’s newest and biggest, a flagship in the Italian capital to complement its branches in New York City, Tokyo, Torino and Milan. Mario Batali, a partner in the booming New York outpost, has turned Eataly into a hit by selling Americans on the appeal of traditional Italian culture. Eataly, in fact, is much more than that. With its big-box décor, globe-spanning ambitions and innovative marketing, it represents an opportunity for Italians to reclaim a culinary heritage that’s slipping away. On the broad spectrum of food culture, Eataly and Il Conciato di San Vittore are a world apart, yet each would be lost without the other.

Until a couple of generations ago, Italy was still largely an agricultural country, and many people made their own cheeses, hams, jams and sauces. Those who didn’t buy them from small vendors in their local market. But industrialization and urbanization have withered those links to the land. Women have left the kitchen for the workplace. Morning markets have given way to grocery stores. Small-scale artisans have succumbed to national producers’ economies of scale. In 1996 roughly 40% of Italy’s food was sold by small, traditional retailers. A decade later that percentage had been cut in half. “Nobody wanted to go to the market any more, where it smelled and you were pressed inside with others,” some commented.

What is “Il Conciato di San Vittore”?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為閱讀測驗的「細節理解題(Detail Question)」,測驗重點在於:

  1. 關鍵字定位能力:能否在長篇短文中迅速利用大寫專有名詞「Il Conciato di San Vittore」定位至原文對應句子。
  2. 同義置換與上位詞辨識(Paraphrasing & Hypernyms):原文直接點出該名稱是一種「乳酪(cheese)」,考生須具備字彙常識,知道 cheese 屬於乳製品「dairy product」。

解題方法

  1. 掃描定位:以題幹的專有名詞 “Il Conciato di San Vittore” 回原文搜尋。該名詞出現在第一段第三句:

"Il Conciato di San Vittore, as the cheese is called, represents the deepest roots of Italian culinary production—small scale, artisanal, steeped in history."
【中譯】 這種被稱為「Il Conciato di San Vittore」的乳酪,代表了義大利烹飪生產最深沉的根基——小規模、手工製作且歷史悠久。

  1. 語意比對:
  • 句中非限定插入語「as the cheese is called」(如同這種乳酪的名字一樣)明確指出,該專有名詞為「一種乳酪(cheese)」的名稱。
  • 在分類學或日常英文中,cheese(起司/乳酪)是由 sheep’s milk(羊奶)凝結製成,屬於 dairy product(乳製品)。

選項分析

  • (A) It’s the name of a retailer.(它是一家零售商的名字。)
    錯誤。文中提到的零售商/超市是 Eataly("the newly opened Eataly supermarket in central Rome"),並非 Il Conciato di San Vittore。

  • (B) It’s the name of a great chef.(它是一位偉大主廚的名字。)
    錯誤。文中提到的人物為退休農業官員 Teodoro,以及第二段提到的合夥名廚 Mario Batali,皆非此名稱。

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第 47 題

【題組共用題幹】

Three days a week, a retired agricultural officer named Teodoro sets to work in the back of what was once a small roadside shop about an hour and a half south of Rome, making a cheese that has twice come close to extinction. Using a stirring stick and a large aluminum vat, he curdles sheep’s milk into small wheels of cheese, which he shapes by hand and sets on a table to dry. Il Conciato di San Vittore, as the cheese is called, represents the deepest roots of Italian culinary production—small scale, artisanal, steeped in history. Yet the chances for its survival would be slim if not for a recent partnership with an Italian business operating on a vastly different scale: the newly opened Eataly supermarket in central Rome.

With four floors of aisles and restaurants connected by moving walkways and glass elevators, the location is the gourmet chain’s newest and biggest, a flagship in the Italian capital to complement its branches in New York City, Tokyo, Torino and Milan. Mario Batali, a partner in the booming New York outpost, has turned Eataly into a hit by selling Americans on the appeal of traditional Italian culture. Eataly, in fact, is much more than that. With its big-box décor, globe-spanning ambitions and innovative marketing, it represents an opportunity for Italians to reclaim a culinary heritage that’s slipping away. On the broad spectrum of food culture, Eataly and Il Conciato di San Vittore are a world apart, yet each would be lost without the other.

Until a couple of generations ago, Italy was still largely an agricultural country, and many people made their own cheeses, hams, jams and sauces. Those who didn’t buy them from small vendors in their local market. But industrialization and urbanization have withered those links to the land. Women have left the kitchen for the workplace. Morning markets have given way to grocery stores. Small-scale artisans have succumbed to national producers’ economies of scale. In 1996 roughly 40% of Italy’s food was sold by small, traditional retailers. A decade later that percentage had been cut in half. “Nobody wanted to go to the market any more, where it smelled and you were pressed inside with others,” some commented.

Which statement about Eataly and Il Conciato di San Vittore is wrong?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為閱讀測驗中的細節理解與事實辨析題(Negative Factual Question),要求考生從選項中選出「與文章敘述不符(wrong)」者。考點著重於:

  1. 專有名詞指涉辨析:能否準確分清人名、起司名稱、企業品牌之間的對應關係。
  2. 商業共生模式的閱讀理解:理解大型超市(Eataly)與瀕臨絕種的傳統手作起司(Il Conciato di San Vittore)之間互利共生的互補機制。

解題方法

  1. 題幹定位:題幹問的是關於「Eataly」與「Il Conciato di San Vittore」何者錯誤。
  2. 原文線索對照:
  • 第一段明確提到:製作者名為 Teodoro,而起司本身名為 Il Conciato di San Vittore:

“Il Conciato di San Vittore, as the cheese is called, represents the deepest roots of Italian culinary production...”
(這種被稱為「Il Conciato di San Vittore」的起司,代表著義大利烹飪生產最深沉的根基……)

  • 第二段介紹了高檔美食連鎖超市 Eataly,並提到其合夥人為 Mario Batali,說明 Eataly 是一家企業實體。
  1. 推論比對:選項 (A) 誤將起司品名中的地名/聖人名 San Vittore 當作人名「Mr. Vittore」,並虛構其為 Eataly 的管理者(實際上製作者為 Teodoro,且他經營的是偏鄉工坊,Eataly 則是現代化企業連鎖),明顯與事實不符,即為正確答案。

選項分析

  • (A) Mr. Vittore was in charge of the management of Eataly.(錯誤,符合題意為正確答案)

  • 原因:文章第一段指出,製作起司的退休農業官員名字叫 Teodoro,而起司名為 Il Conciato di San Vittore(義大利文,意為「聖維托雷鞣製起司」,San Vittore 為地名或聖人名,並非經營者的姓氏)。此外,Eataly 是現代化大型美食超市(第二段提及的夥伴為 Mario Batali),絕非由一位名為「Mr. Vittore」的人掌管。本選項捏造虛構人名與管理職位,與文意完全相悖。

  • (B) One provides the marketing channel for the other.(敘述正確,不選)

  • 原文對照:第一段提及起司若非與羅馬新開的 Eataly 合作,存活機率微乎其微(“Yet the chances for its survival would be slim if not for a recent partnership with an Italian business operating on a vastly different scale: the newly opened Eataly supermarket in central Rome.”);第二段亦指出 Eataly 擁有創新的行銷手法(“innovative marketing”)。

  • 解析:Eataly 提供了實體四層樓商場、遍布全球的分店與創新的行銷網絡,扮演了銷售通路(marketing channel)的角色,敘述正確。

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第 48 題

【題組共用題幹】

Three days a week, a retired agricultural officer named Teodoro sets to work in the back of what was once a small roadside shop about an hour and a half south of Rome, making a cheese that has twice come close to extinction. Using a stirring stick and a large aluminum vat, he curdles sheep’s milk into small wheels of cheese, which he shapes by hand and sets on a table to dry. Il Conciato di San Vittore, as the cheese is called, represents the deepest roots of Italian culinary production—small scale, artisanal, steeped in history. Yet the chances for its survival would be slim if not for a recent partnership with an Italian business operating on a vastly different scale: the newly opened Eataly supermarket in central Rome.

With four floors of aisles and restaurants connected by moving walkways and glass elevators, the location is the gourmet chain’s newest and biggest, a flagship in the Italian capital to complement its branches in New York City, Tokyo, Torino and Milan. Mario Batali, a partner in the booming New York outpost, has turned Eataly into a hit by selling Americans on the appeal of traditional Italian culture. Eataly, in fact, is much more than that. With its big-box décor, globe-spanning ambitions and innovative marketing, it represents an opportunity for Italians to reclaim a culinary heritage that’s slipping away. On the broad spectrum of food culture, Eataly and Il Conciato di San Vittore are a world apart, yet each would be lost without the other.

Until a couple of generations ago, Italy was still largely an agricultural country, and many people made their own cheeses, hams, jams and sauces. Those who didn’t buy them from small vendors in their local market. But industrialization and urbanization have withered those links to the land. Women have left the kitchen for the workplace. Morning markets have given way to grocery stores. Small-scale artisans have succumbed to national producers’ economies of scale. In 1996 roughly 40% of Italy’s food was sold by small, traditional retailers. A decade later that percentage had been cut in half. “Nobody wanted to go to the market any more, where it smelled and you were pressed inside with others,” some commented.

What is an artisan in this context?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀測驗中的上下文語意推論(Contextual Vocabulary / Meaning in Context)。考生需根據文章主題(義大利傳統手作起司與食品工藝的面臨危機與轉變)與上下文線索,準確界定特定字彙(artisan)在該語境中的確切指涉,而非僅套用生硬的字面字典定義。


關鍵定位與句意解析

題目問:「在本文語境中,artisan 是什麼意思?」

  1. 第一段線索(奠定背景與同義形容詞):

“Using a stirring stick and a large aluminum vat, he curdles sheep’s milk into small wheels of cheese, which he shapes by hand and sets on a table to dry. Il Conciato di San Vittore, as the cheese is called, represents the deepest roots of Italian culinary production—small scale, artisanal, steeped in history.”
中譯:他用一支攪拌棒與一個大鋁桶,將羊奶凝結成一塊塊小乳酪輪,並以手工整形後放在桌上風乾。這種名為 Il Conciato di San Vittore 的乳酪,代表了義大利烹飪生產最深沉的根基——小規模、工匠手工製作的(artisanal)、沉浸在歷史文化之中。
解析:第一段以退休農業官員 Teodoro 手工製作瀕臨絕種的乳酪為例,將其形容為「小規模(small scale)」、「具歷史底蘊(steeped in history)」的「手工美食生產(culinary production)」。

  1. 第三段線索(artisan 所在的核心定位句):

“Until a couple of generations ago, Italy was still largely an agricultural country, and many people made their own cheeses, hams, jams and sauces... Small-scale artisans have succumbed to national producers’ economies of scale.”
中譯:直到幾代以前,義大利基本上仍是一個農業國家,許多人自己製作起司、火腿、果醬與醬料……如今小規模的**傳統手藝人/匠人(artisans)**已經屈服於全國性大型製造商的規模經濟之下。
解析:此處的 artisans 與前文自製傳統食物(cheeses, hams, jams and sauces)的生產者相對應,指的是精通傳統手作食品或佳餚的「工匠/手藝專家」。


選項分析

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第 49 題

【題組共用題幹】

Three days a week, a retired agricultural officer named Teodoro sets to work in the back of what was once a small roadside shop about an hour and a half south of Rome, making a cheese that has twice come close to extinction. Using a stirring stick and a large aluminum vat, he curdles sheep’s milk into small wheels of cheese, which he shapes by hand and sets on a table to dry. Il Conciato di San Vittore, as the cheese is called, represents the deepest roots of Italian culinary production—small scale, artisanal, steeped in history. Yet the chances for its survival would be slim if not for a recent partnership with an Italian business operating on a vastly different scale: the newly opened Eataly supermarket in central Rome.

With four floors of aisles and restaurants connected by moving walkways and glass elevators, the location is the gourmet chain’s newest and biggest, a flagship in the Italian capital to complement its branches in New York City, Tokyo, Torino and Milan. Mario Batali, a partner in the booming New York outpost, has turned Eataly into a hit by selling Americans on the appeal of traditional Italian culture. Eataly, in fact, is much more than that. With its big-box décor, globe-spanning ambitions and innovative marketing, it represents an opportunity for Italians to reclaim a culinary heritage that’s slipping away. On the broad spectrum of food culture, Eataly and Il Conciato di San Vittore are a world apart, yet each would be lost without the other.

Until a couple of generations ago, Italy was still largely an agricultural country, and many people made their own cheeses, hams, jams and sauces. Those who didn’t buy them from small vendors in their local market. But industrialization and urbanization have withered those links to the land. Women have left the kitchen for the workplace. Morning markets have given way to grocery stores. Small-scale artisans have succumbed to national producers’ economies of scale. In 1996 roughly 40% of Italy’s food was sold by small, traditional retailers. A decade later that percentage had been cut in half. “Nobody wanted to go to the market any more, where it smelled and you were pressed inside with others,” some commented.

Which is NOT the reason why the products of artisans like Teodoro almost died out?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「閱讀理解中的否定問法」與「因果關係判讀」。

題目問的是:

Which is NOT the reason why the products of artisans like Teodoro almost died out?
哪一項不是像 Teodoro 這類工匠的產品幾乎消失的原因?

解題時必須找出文章中提到的「衰落原因」,再排除與文章因果方向不符的選項。

文章指出,傳統食品與小規模工匠產業衰落,主要受到以下因素影響:

  • 工業化與都市化使人們與土地、傳統生產方式疏離。
  • 女性離開廚房進入職場。
  • 傳統早市被現代雜貨店取代。
  • 小型工匠不敵大型生產者的規模經濟。
  • 傳統市場環境擁擠、不便,消費者逐漸不願前往。

定位答案的關鍵原文

But industrialization and urbanization have withered those links to the land.
但是,工業化與都市化已使人們與土地之間的連結逐漸凋零。

Women have left the kitchen for the workplace. Morning markets have given way to grocery stores. Small-scale artisans have succumbed to national producers’ economies of scale.
女性已離開廚房而進入職場;早市已被雜貨店取代;小規模工匠已敗給全國性生產者的規模經濟。

In 1996 roughly 40% of Italy’s food was sold by small, traditional retailers. A decade later that percentage had been cut in half.
1996 年時,義大利約有 40% 的食品由小型傳統零售商販售;十年後,這個比例已減半。

這些句子直接列出傳統食品產業衰退的原因與結果。

選項分析

(A) Less and less people make their own daily food.
越來越少人自己製作日常食物。

正確。文章提到:

many people made their own cheeses, hams, jams and sauces. Those who didn’t buy them from small vendors in their local market.

過去許多人會自己製作起司、火腿、果醬與醬料;不自行製作者則向當地市場的小販購買。這表示過去的自製與小型販售體系,後來逐漸衰退。故本項可視為文章所描述的產業式微背景。

文法上,less and less + 不可數名詞表示「越來越少的……」;本句的 people 雖是可數名詞,嚴格而言通常應使用 fewer and fewer people。不過此選項的核心語意仍是「自己製作食物的人變少」,與文章內容相符。

(B) The large-scale business becomes the dominant power in the modern market.
大規模企業在現代市場中成為主導力量。

正確。文章明確指出:

Small-scale artisans have succumbed to national producers’ economies of scale.

succumb to 是「屈服於、敗給」;economies of scale 是「規模經濟」,指生產規模越大,平均成本越低,因此大型生產者更具競爭力。小型工匠因此逐漸失去市場,正是產品幾乎消失的原因之一。

(C) The inconvenience of the traditional market gave way to the modern grocery store.
傳統市場的不便被現代雜貨店取代。

正確。文章提到:

Morning markets have given way to grocery stores.

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第 50 題

【題組共用題幹】

Three days a week, a retired agricultural officer named Teodoro sets to work in the back of what was once a small roadside shop about an hour and a half south of Rome, making a cheese that has twice come close to extinction. Using a stirring stick and a large aluminum vat, he curdles sheep’s milk into small wheels of cheese, which he shapes by hand and sets on a table to dry. Il Conciato di San Vittore, as the cheese is called, represents the deepest roots of Italian culinary production—small scale, artisanal, steeped in history. Yet the chances for its survival would be slim if not for a recent partnership with an Italian business operating on a vastly different scale: the newly opened Eataly supermarket in central Rome.

With four floors of aisles and restaurants connected by moving walkways and glass elevators, the location is the gourmet chain’s newest and biggest, a flagship in the Italian capital to complement its branches in New York City, Tokyo, Torino and Milan. Mario Batali, a partner in the booming New York outpost, has turned Eataly into a hit by selling Americans on the appeal of traditional Italian culture. Eataly, in fact, is much more than that. With its big-box décor, globe-spanning ambitions and innovative marketing, it represents an opportunity for Italians to reclaim a culinary heritage that’s slipping away. On the broad spectrum of food culture, Eataly and Il Conciato di San Vittore are a world apart, yet each would be lost without the other.

Until a couple of generations ago, Italy was still largely an agricultural country, and many people made their own cheeses, hams, jams and sauces. Those who didn’t buy them from small vendors in their local market. But industrialization and urbanization have withered those links to the land. Women have left the kitchen for the workplace. Morning markets have given way to grocery stores. Small-scale artisans have succumbed to national producers’ economies of scale. In 1996 roughly 40% of Italy’s food was sold by small, traditional retailers. A decade later that percentage had been cut in half. “Nobody wanted to go to the market any more, where it smelled and you were pressed inside with others,” some commented.

Which of the following statements is probably wrong according to the passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是閱讀理解中的「錯誤敘述判斷題」,考查:

  1. 能否掌握文章主旨與段落重點。
  2. 能否將選項改寫內容與原文逐一比對。
  3. 能否辨識「原文未提及」與「原文相反」的差異。
  4. 能否進行簡單的數字推論。

文章核心在說明:義大利工業化、都市化後,傳統食品製作與小型零售逐漸衰退;大型連鎖食品市場 Eataly 則透過行銷與銷售,協助保存傳統飲食文化。

關鍵單字與片語

  • retired agricultural officer:退休農業官員
  • set to work:開始工作
  • come close to extinction:幾近絕種
  • curdle sheep’s milk:使羊奶凝結
  • artisanal:手工製作的
  • steeped in history:深深植根於歷史
  • survival:存續、生存
  • partnership:合作關係
  • vastly different scale:規模大不相同
  • flagship:旗艦店
  • culinary heritage:飲食文化遺產
  • slip away:逐漸流失
  • agricultural country:農業國家
  • industrialization:工業化
  • urbanization:都市化
  • wither:使逐漸衰退
  • succumb to:屈服於、敗給
  • economies of scale:規模經濟
  • traditional retailers:傳統零售商

文法上,第一段的 if not for ... 表示「若不是因為……」:

“the chances for its survival would be slim if not for a recent partnership with an Italian business...”

意思是:「若不是最近與一家義大利企業合作,這種起司存續下來的機會將非常渺茫。」

第三段的 Those who didn’t 承接前句,指「那些沒有自己製作起司、火腿等食品的人」。

解題方法

先找出文章對義大利傳統飲食文化衰退的主要描述,再將每個選項分成三類:

  • 原文直接支持。
  • 可由原文合理推論。
  • 原文沒有依據,甚至與原文不符。

本題要求找出「probably wrong」,因此只要找出最缺乏原文支持、且與文章性別描述不一致的選項即可。

定位答案的關鍵句是:

“Until a couple of generations ago, Italy was still largely an agricultural country, and many people made their own cheeses, hams, jams and sauces.”

翻譯:「直到大約兩、三代以前,義大利仍大致是一個農業國家,許多人會自己製作起司、火腿、果醬和醬料。」

接著文章又說:

“Women have left the kitchen for the workplace.”

翻譯:「女性已離開廚房,進入職場。」

原文並未說是男性負責製作起司和火腿,反而明確提到女性過去在廚房中扮演重要角色。因此選項 E 的性別指涉錯誤。

選項分析

(A) People in the city are more unlikely to be the producers of these traditional food.

「城市中的人比較不可能是這些傳統食品的生產者。」

正確。文章指出:

“But industrialization and urbanization have withered those links to the land.”

翻譯:「然而,工業化與都市化已使人們與土地之間的連結逐漸衰退。」

都市化使人口離開農村與傳統生產環境,城市居民較少自行製作起司、火腿等食品,符合文章內容。

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其他考古題

104 年中國醫藥大學的其他科目

中國醫藥大學《英文》其他年度

其他學校的《英文》