中國醫藥大學 103 年 《英文》
第 1 題2 分
Television advertisers may be _____ to sponsor a program that deals with controversial social issues.
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核心觀念
本題考「詞義辨析」與「形容詞搭配」。句型為:
主詞 + may be + 形容詞 + to V
空格後接 to sponsor,需要填入能描述電視廣告商「對贊助某節目所抱持態度」的形容詞。
題幹中的關鍵語意是:
Television advertisers may be reluctant to sponsor a program that deals with controversial social issues.
電視廣告商對於贊助一個處理具爭議性社會議題的節目,可能會有所顧慮/不太願意。
其中 reluctant to V 表示「不情願做某事、對做某事有所顧慮」。
解題方法
先判斷句意:
- 節目涉及 controversial social issues,意為「具爭議性的社會議題」。
- 廣告商通常會考量品牌形象與商業風險,因此對贊助這類節目可能「不太願意」。
- 能表示「不情願」的選項是 reluctant。
句型搭配為:
be reluctant to + 原形動詞
不情願/不太願意做……
因此:
may be reluctant to sponsor
可能不太願意贊助
選項分析
(A) elemental
elemental 意為「基本的、元素的;自然力的」。此字描述事物的基本性質或元素層面,例如 elemental forces(自然力),不能合理描述廣告商是否願意贊助節目。
may be elemental to sponsor
句意不通,故錯誤。
(B) reluctant
reluctant 意為「不情願的、不太願意的、有所顧慮的」。
may be reluctant to sponsor a program
可能不太願意贊助一個節目。
此選項符合文法搭配 be reluctant to V,也符合廣告商面對爭議性議題時的語意,故為正確答案。
(C) identical
第 2 題2 分
It’s embarrassing if your stomach _____ during class.
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核心觀念
本題考查動詞語意與搭配詞(Collocation),特別是身體生理反應及動作的專屬英文動詞搭配。解題核心在於辨識主詞「stomach(胃/肚子)」與哪一個動詞能形成語意合理且道地的固定搭配。
題幹翻譯與語境定位
原文:It’s embarrassing if your stomach _____ during class.
中譯:如果在課堂上你的肚子咕嚕咕嚕叫,會令人感到很尷尬。
- 結構分析:
- It 為虛主詞,embarrassing 為形容詞作表語(令人尷尬的)。
- if 引導條件副詞子句,子句主詞為 your stomach(你的肚子),空格需填入第三人稱單數現在式動詞。
- during class(在課堂期間)營造出安靜、嚴肅的環境氛圍,故肚子發出聲響特別容易引人發窘。
解題方法
從語意關聯性切入:
- 主詞為 stomach(胃/肚子),需尋找能描繪肚子發出聲響、飢餓或腸胃蠕動的動詞。
- 英文中形容肚子因飢餓或消化發出咕嚕聲的專用動詞為 rumble(或片語 growl)。其餘選項皆為人體其他部位(如額頭、鼻子、口腔、汗腺)的動作,主詞無法與 stomach 搭配。
選項分析
- (A) sweats(流汗、出汗):
- 錯誤。通常主詞為「人」(例如:He is sweating.)或由汗腺主導的部位(如 palms sweat 手掌冒汗)。胃部本身並不會「流汗」,與 stomach 搭配不合邏輯與生理事實。
- (B) frowns(皺眉):
- 錯誤。
第 3 題2 分
His poor health _____ him to resign from his job.
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核心觀念
本題考查高階動詞字義辨析以及及物動詞的句型搭配(Collocation)。
在學士後中醫的英文試題中,動詞常搭配受詞加不定詞補語(即「」的句型),考生需同時掌握單字的精確語意與文法結構,才能選出符合句境邏輯的最佳動詞。
解題方法
- 分析題幹文法結構:
- 題幹:「His poor health(主詞)_____ him(受詞)to resign from his job(受詞補語:不定詞片語).」
- 空格需填入一個可接受詞與「」構成受詞補語的及物動詞,結構為「」。
- 掌握因果邏輯關係:
- 主詞為「His poor health」(他欠佳的健康狀況),結果是「him to resign from his job」(他辭去工作)。
- 語意呈現「某客觀因素『迫使/迫使某人不得不做某事』」的因果關係,故需要具備「強迫、迫使」意義的動詞。
- 比對動詞語意與句型:
- 動詞 compel 的固定搭配即為 compel someone to do something(強迫/迫使某人做某事),完全符合句型結構與語意邏輯。
題幹翻譯與定位
原文:His poor health compelled him to resign from his job.
中譯:他糟糕的健康狀況迫使他辭去工作。
選項分析
- (A) treasured:錯誤。
- 詞性與字義:動詞(及物),意為「珍愛、珍視、銘記」。
- 解析:不符句意邏輯,健康惡化不可能去「珍惜」他辭職;且該字通常直接接名詞受詞(treasure something),不搭配「」表示強迫辭職。
- (B) composed:錯誤。
- 詞性與字義:動詞(及物),意為「組成、構成;創作(樂曲、詩文);使平靜」。
第 4 題2 分
Techniques that create an atmosphere of suspense are commonly used by film-makers to _____ their audiences.
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核心觀念
本題測驗「進階單字的一字多義(多重語意)」與「語境搭配(Collocation)」。
考生需要精準掌握高頻單字在特定語境中的延伸引申義。一般考生熟知 arrest 為動詞「逮捕、拘捕」,但在正式英文、文學及後中醫高階詞彙考題中,arrest 常考及物動詞引申義:「吸引、抓住(注意力、眼光、思緒)」(相當於 catch, attract, captivate, seize)。
題幹解析與中文翻譯
原句:Techniques that create an atmosphere of suspense are commonly used by film-makers to arrest their audiences.
結構分析:
- 主詞:
Techniques(技巧)- 關係子句(修飾主詞):
that create an atmosphere of suspense(製造懸疑氣氛的……)- 主要動詞與被動結構:
are commonly used by film-makers(常被電影製作人所運用)- 不定詞表目的:
to _____ their audiences(為了……他們的觀眾)全句中譯:營造懸疑氛圍的技巧,常被電影製作人運用來**抓住(吸引)**觀眾的注意力。
解題方法
- 抓取語境因果關鍵:
- 題幹核心為「製造懸疑氛圍的技巧(techniques that create an atmosphere of suspense)」。
- 電影導演運用懸疑手法,目的顯然是為了讓觀眾全神貫注、屏氣凝神,也就是要「吸引、抓住」觀眾。
- 檢視動詞與受詞搭配:
- 空格處為及物動詞,其接受動作的受詞是「他們的觀眾(their audiences)」。
- 代入各選項,唯有 (A) arrest 具備「吸引、扣人心弦、牢牢抓住(注意力/人)」之意,最切合文意脈絡。
選項分析
第 5 題2 分
Scarlet is to a color as warm-blooded is to _____.
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核心觀念
本題考「類比關係」與字義判斷:
Scarlet is to a color as warm-blooded is to _____.
句型為:
A is to B as C is to D
A 與 B 的關係,如同 C 與 D 的關係。
其中,scarlet 是「猩紅色、鮮紅色」,屬於 a color(一種顏色)。因此要找出與「warm-blooded」具有相同關係的名詞。
關鍵單字與片語
- scarlet:猩紅色;鮮紅色
- color:顏色
- warm-blooded:溫血的;恆溫的
- vegetable:蔬菜;植物
- celestial body:天體
- fabric:布料;織物
- machinery:機械;機器的總稱
- mammal:哺乳動物
解題方法
先建立題幹前半段的關係:
scarlet is to a color
猩紅色是「顏色」的一種。
因此,後半段應尋找:
warm-blooded is to _____
溫血是某類生物的特徵。
在傳統生物學分類與一般英文語意中,warm-blooded 通常用來描述 mammals,即哺乳動物具有維持體溫的能力。因此:
warm-blooded is to a mammal
溫血是哺乳動物的特徵。
完整翻譯為:
Scarlet is to a color as warm-blooded is to a mammal.
猩紅色之於顏色,正如溫血之於哺乳動物。
選項分析
(A) a vegetable
第 6 題2 分
All life forms, even such long-lasting ones as blue-green algae and horseshoe crabs and crocodiles, will eventually flunk some tests posed by environmental conditions and meet _____.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「語意搭配」。題幹描述所有生命形式即使能長久存在,最終仍會因無法適應環境條件而走向死亡,因此空格應填入表示「滅絕」的名詞 extinction。
關鍵語意為:
- environmental conditions:環境條件
- flunk some tests:某些考驗不及格;比喻無法通過環境的篩選
- eventually:最後、終究
- meet extinction:遭遇滅絕、走向滅絕
解題方法
先掌握句子的主幹:
All life forms … will eventually flunk some tests posed by environmental conditions and meet _____.
翻譯:
所有生命形式,即使是藍綠藻、鱟和鱷魚這類壽命很長的生物,最後仍會無法通過環境條件所提出的某些考驗,並遭遇 _____。
前半句的 flunk some tests posed by environmental conditions 是擬人化說法,意指生物終究會無法適應某些環境變化。接著的 meet 後面需要接一個與「生命無法適應環境後的結果」有關的名詞,因此答案是 extinction(滅絕)。
完整句意為:
所有生命形式,即使是藍綠藻、鱟和鱷魚這類長久存在的生物,最終都會無法通過環境條件所提出的某些考驗,並走向滅絕。
文法與語意重點
- will eventually + 動詞
will eventually flunk ... and meet ... 中,flunk 與 meet 由 and 連接,兩者共同受 will eventually 修飾:
- will eventually flunk:最後會不及格
- and meet extinction:並遭遇滅絕
- posed by environmental conditions
posed by environmental conditions 是過去分詞片語,修飾前面的 tests:
- tests posed by environmental conditions
- 環境條件所提出的考驗
- meet extinction
meet 在此不是「遇見某人」,而是「遭遇、面臨」。extinction 是「滅絕」,符合生命形式最終消失的語意。
英文中更常見的搭配包括:
第 7 題2 分
The world of things is often subject _____ returns. In contrast, the world of ideas is not: the ever-increasing exchange of ideas cause the ever-increasing rate of innovation in the world.
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核心觀念
本題考「固定搭配」與「介系詞後接動名詞」:
- subject to + 名詞/動名詞:表示「受到……影響」「面臨……」
- diminishing returns:固定片語,表示「報酬遞減」「收益遞減」
因此,subject to diminishing returns 意為「受到報酬遞減的影響」。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
The world of things is often subject _____ returns.
完整填入後為:
The world of things is often subject to diminishing returns.
翻譯:
物質世界往往會受到報酬遞減的影響。
後文將物質世界與思想世界對比:
In contrast, the world of ideas is not: the ever-increasing exchange of ideas cause the ever-increasing rate of innovation in the world.
翻譯:
相較之下,思想世界並非如此:不斷增加的思想交流,造成世界上不斷提高的創新速度。
此處的語意對比是:物質資源使用越多,新增收益往往越少;思想交流越多,創新反而能持續增加。
解題方法
先判斷 subject 後面需要的結構。subject to 是固定搭配,其中 to 是介系詞,因此後面應接名詞或動名詞。
本句的 returns 是名詞「收益、報酬」,前面需要一個修飾語表示「遞減的報酬」:
diminish:動詞原形,不可直接修飾名詞returnsdiminishing:現在分詞,可作形容詞,表示「正在遞減的」diminishing returns:固定片語
因此應填入 to diminishing,形成:
subject to diminishing returns
選項分析
(A) diminish
diminish 是動詞原形。填入後為:
subject diminish returns
subject to 後不能直接接動詞原形,且 diminish returns 的結構也不符合本句文法,因此錯誤。
(B) to diminish
填入後為:
第 8 題2 分
If you say the world will go on getting better, you are considered mad. If you say catastrophe is _____, you may expect the Nobel Peace Prize. I cannot recall a time when I was not being told by somebody that the world could survive only if it abandoned economic growth at once.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 字彙辨析:依上下文判斷形容詞意義。
- 詞性與句型:
catastrophe is _____中,空格須填形容詞作主詞補語。 - 語意搭配:判斷哪個字能與
catastrophe合理搭配。
關鍵句為:
If you say catastrophe is _____, you may expect the Nobel Peace Prize.
如果你說災難即將發生,你或許可以期待獲得諾貝爾和平獎。
其中 imminent 表示「即將發生的、迫在眉睫的」,最符合 catastrophe is imminent 的語意。
解題方法
先判斷空格的詞性。is 後面需要接形容詞,因此可優先考慮:
imminentinexplicablechronicinsignificant
dichotomy 是名詞,詞性首先不符。
再觀察上下文:
- 說世界會持續變好,會被視為瘋狂。
- 說災難即將來臨,反而可能獲得和平獎。
- 後文又提到人們不斷警告世界若不立刻放棄經濟成長,就無法存續。
整段語氣是在描述「災難迫近」的悲觀警告,因此應填入表示「即將發生」的 imminent。
完整句子為:
If you say catastrophe is imminent, you may expect the Nobel Peace Prize.
意思是:
如果你說災難迫在眉睫,你甚至可能因此被視為具有警世之功,進而獲得諾貝爾和平獎。
選項分析
(A) dichotomy
dichotomy 是名詞,意為「二分法、截然對立」。
例如:
- the dichotomy between good and evil
善與惡之間的二分對立
句型 catastrophe is dichotomy 不符合文法,因為 dichotomy 不是形容詞;即使改成形容詞形式,也不符合「災難即將發生」的語境。
(B) imminent
imminent 是形容詞,意為「即將發生的、迫在眉睫的」。
常見搭配包括:
- imminent danger:迫在眉睫的危險
- imminent threat:即將來臨的威脅
- imminent catastrophe:迫近的災難
catastrophe is imminent 表示「災難即將發生」,在詞性、搭配與上下文語意上都正確。
(C) inexplicable
inexplicable 是形容詞,意為「無法解釋的、難以理解的」。
例如:
- an inexplicable phenomenon
無法解釋的現象 - inexplicable behavior
難以理解的行為
第 9 題2 分
Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined part in the sentence.
How one sows, so shall he reap.
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核心觀念
本題考查英文諺語、字義辨析,以及倒裝句型的理解。
句子:
How one sows, so shall he reap.
一個人如何播種,就將如何收穫。
其中:
- sow:播種;種下
- reap:收割;收穫
- harvest:收成;收穫;收割
- How ..., so ...:如何……,就如何……
- shall he reap:他將收穫。此處為倒裝語序,正常語序為 he shall reap。
本句是英文諺語,含義相當於:
As you sow, so shall you reap.
中文常譯為「種瓜得瓜,種豆得豆」或「一分耕耘,一分收穫」,引申為一個人的行為會帶來相應的結果。
解題方法
題目要求找出畫線部分最接近的字或片語。判斷重點在 reap 的字義。
reap 原意是「收割農作物」,也就是在播種、栽培之後取得收成。因此與 harvest 的「收穫、收割」意思最接近。
題幹中的對應關係如下:
- sow = 播種
- reap = 收穫、收割
- harvest = 收穫、收成
因此,最適合的選項是 (B) harvest。
選項分析
(A) implement
意為「實施、執行;工具、器具」。
例如:
- implement a policy:實施政策
- an agricultural implement:農具
此字與「收割、收穫」無關,不能取代 reap,故錯誤。
(B) harvest
意為「收穫、收割;收成」,可作名詞或動詞。
- harvest crops:收割農作物
- a good harvest:豐收
reap 與 harvest 都可表示收割作物、取得收成,語意最接近,故正確。
(C) construct
意為「建造、構築」,通常用於建築物、系統或理論的建立。
例如:
第 10 題2 分
Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting and photography.
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核心觀念
本題考查英語慣用片語的語意辨析,重點是判斷 by and large 的同義表達。
- by and large:大體而言、總的來說、整體而言
- on the whole:整體而言、總的說來
兩者皆可作副詞片語,修飾整個句子,表示「從整體觀點判斷」,而非針對個別細節。
解題方法
定位題幹中的關鍵片語:
Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting and photography.
許多影評家一致認為,整體而言,這部電影在演技與攝影方面是成功的。
句意是:雖然電影可能有個別優缺點,但從整體表現來看,演技與攝影都相當成功。因此應選擇與 by and large 意思相同的片語。
選項分析
(A) in the light of
意為「根據、鑑於、考量到」。例如:
in the light of new evidence
根據新的證據
此片語表示判斷所依據的資訊,並非「整體而言」,與題幹語意不符。
(B) by now
意為「到目前為止、現在應已」。例如:
He should be home by now.
他現在應該已經到家了。
此片語與時間有關,不能表示「總的來說」。
(C) all at once
第 11 題2 分
The advantage of the latest model will manifest itself in improved efficiency and protection of eye-sight.
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核心觀念
本題考「動詞字義與語境判斷」,核心片語是:
- manifest itself:顯現、展現、表露自身
- exhibit:展現、顯示、表現
- improved efficiency:提升的效率
- protection of eyesight:視力保護
句中主詞是 The advantage of the latest model,意為「最新型號的優勢」。這項優勢將透過「效率提升」與「視力保護」而被展現出來,因此空格應填入具有「顯示、展現」意義的 exhibit。
解題方法
定位關鍵句:
The advantage of the latest model will manifest itself in improved efficiency and protection of eye-sight.
最新型號的優勢將展現在效率提升與視力保護上。
manifest 作動詞時,意為「顯現、顯露、表明」,常見用法為:
- manifest itself:顯現、展現
- manifest itself in+名詞:在某方面展現出來
因此本句可改寫為:
The advantage of the latest model will exhibit itself in improved efficiency and protection of eyesight.
意思仍是「最新型號的優勢將展現在效率提升與視力保護上」。故 exhibit 與 manifest 在此語境中語意最接近。
選項分析
(A) exhibit — 展示;展現;表現
正確。exhibit 作動詞時可表示「顯示、展現某種特質或現象」,與 manifest 意義相近。
例句:
The new device exhibits remarkable efficiency.
這項新裝置展現出卓越的效率。
本句談的是新型號的「優勢」如何被表現出來,填入 exhibit 最符合語意。官方答案為 A。
(B) invest — 投資;投入
錯誤。invest 通常表示投入金錢、時間或資源,例如:
invest money in a business
投資金錢於某項事業
句意是「最新型號的優勢將投資在效率提升與視力保護上」,語意不通,也不符合 manifest 的「展現」之意。
(C) concentrate — 集中;專注
第 12 題2 分
Moderate and regular exercise can boost the rate of blood circulation and metabolism.
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核心觀念
本題測驗字彙同義字替換(Synonym Identification)及醫學生活常見之生理機轉常識語境。題幹核心動詞為 boost,考查考生能否根據句意及受詞(血液循環速率與新陳代謝)辨識出其精確同義詞。
- 題幹原文:
"Moderate and regular exercise can boost the rate of blood circulation and metabolism." - 題幹中譯:
「適度且規律的運動可以**促進/提高(boost)**血液循環與新陳代謝的速率。」
關鍵字彙解析:
- boost (v.):增強、促進、提高(= increase, enhance, promote)
- moderate (adj.):適度的、中等的
- regular (adj.):規律的、定期的
- blood circulation (n.):血液循環
- metabolism (n.):新陳代謝
解題方法
- 語境邏輯切入:
題幹主詞為「Moderate and regular exercise(適度且規律的運動)」,受詞為「the rate of blood circulation and metabolism(血液循環與新陳代謝的速率)」。就醫學健康與生理常識而言,適度規律的運動會使心跳加快、血管擴張、能量消耗上升,對血液循環與代謝速率具有正面促進/提升的作用。 - 動詞詞義比對:
動詞 boost 本身表示「向上推動、使增加、促進」。在五個選項中,僅有 (C) increase 能精準對應 boost 在此處「提高、增加(速率)」的語意,可直接做同義替換。
選項分析
- (A) restrict(限制、約束)
錯誤。意思為 to limit or control someone or something。運動不會「限制」血液循環與代謝,語意與生理常識相反,且與 boost 意思完全不符。
第 13 題2 分
These figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically problematic.
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核心觀念
本題測驗動詞片語(phrasal verb)的同義代換與字義辨析。
題幹核心片語為 boil down to,字面意義為「熬煮濃縮至……」,引申為「歸結為……;等同於……;實質上是……」。在英文語意結構中,此片語常與 amount to 視為同義片語,用來表示「某些數據、論點或情況總結起來相當於……」。
題幹原文與翻譯
- 原文:These figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically problematic.
- 翻譯:這些數據**歸結起來(等同於)**毫無意義,因為它們在統計學上有問題。
- 語意重點:
- figure():數字;數據。
- boil down to():歸結為……;實質上等於……。
- significance():重要性;顯著性(在統計上常指 statistical significance 統計顯著性)。
- problematic():有問題的;成問題的。
解題方法
題幹劃線(或需替換)的關鍵片語為 boil down to。後接受詞 no significance(毫無意義)。解題切入點如下:
- 分析語意:句中因果連接詞 as(因為)引出理由「they are statistically problematic」(在統計上有問題),因此前半句的主幹為「這些數據總結/歸納起來是沒有意義的」。
- 尋找同義替換:五個選項皆為動詞片語,需找出能表達「總結為;相當於;等於(加總或實質結果)」的動詞片語,即 amount to。
選項分析
- (A) see off:錯誤。
- 字義:為(某人)送行;擊退/打敗(對手)。
- 解析:受詞通常為人物(如 see someone off at the station),放進句中與「數據」、「毫無意義」語意完全不合。
第 14 題2 分
To make fun of people’s physical abnormality in public is considered rude in most cultures.
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核心觀念
本題為語意同義替換與醫學相關詞彙題。題幹中劃底線(或重點替換)的關鍵片語為 physical abnormality(身體異常、生理畸形)。解題的核心在於精確掌握名詞片語的內涵,並在選項中找出屬於「先天或生理上的異常/缺陷」之對應詞彙。
題幹翻譯與解析
原句:
"To make fun of people’s physical abnormality in public is considered rude in most cultures."
中文翻譯:
「在公開場合嘲笑他人的身體異常(生理畸形),在多數文化中都被認為是不禮貌的。」
- 結構分析:
- To make fun of people’s physical abnormality in public:不定詞片語作整句的主詞。
- is considered:被動語態動詞。
- rude:主詞補語。
- in most cultures:介系詞片語作地方修飾語。
- 關鍵字詞:
- make fun of:嘲笑、取笑。
- physical:形容詞,身體的、生理的、肉體的。
- abnormality:名詞,異常、畸形、反常(字根: 離開、偏離 + 正常 + 名詞字尾)。
解題方法
- 語意鎖定:題幹的核心語義為「身體/生理上的異常(physical abnormality)」。
- 範疇比對:檢視五個選項中,何者屬於具體的「身體外觀或生理結構上的異常缺陷」,排除屬於心理個性、穿著打扮或言語表達等非生理層面的選項。
- 辨識醫學詞彙:選項 (D) 的 harelip 為「兔唇(唇裂)」,屬於標準的先天性生理發育畸形,精準對應題幹的 physical abnormality。
選項分析
第 15 題2 分
On his expedition in search for rare species, a scientist often makes discoveries unrelated to what he started out for.
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核心觀念
本題考字義與語境判斷,核心單字是 expedition。
- expedition:探險、考察、遠征;指為了特定目的而進行的旅行,通常帶有路程較遠、具探索性或冒險性的意味。
- in search of/in search for:尋找、搜尋。較常見的搭配是 in search of rare species,即「尋找稀有物種」。
- rare species:稀有物種。
- unrelated to:與……無關。
- start out for:出發前往、為了某目的而出發。
題幹描述科學家為尋找稀有物種而進行一趟具有探索性質的旅程,因此 expedition 最接近「探險旅程」。
解題方法
先抓句子的關鍵結構:
On his expedition in search for rare species, a scientist often makes discoveries unrelated to what he started out for.
翻譯為:
在尋找稀有物種的探險旅程中,科學家常常會發現與他原先出發目的無關的事物。
句中 in search for rare species 說明這是一趟為了尋找稀有物種而進行的探索行程;makes discoveries 與 expedition 的搭配,也明確指向「考察、探險、遠征」。
因此,選項中最符合 expedition 定義的是 an adventurous journey,即「一趟冒險旅程」。
選項分析
(A) a business conference:商業會議
錯誤。商業會議是多人針對商務議題進行討論或協商的正式集會,重點在會議活動,不是前往野外尋找稀有物種的探索旅程。
(B) an adventurous journey:一趟冒險旅程
第 16 題2 分
Of the thousands of varieties of bird species in North America, _____ bright red plumage, like the cardinal, are most often designated as state birds.
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核心觀念
本題考查「代名詞 those + 關係子句」的句型,以及主詞與動詞的數一致。
句型為:
those that have bright red plumage
其中:
- those:指「那些……的人或事物」,此處代替前面的 varieties of bird species,意為「那些鳥類」。
- that have bright red plumage:關係子句,修飾 those。
- have:關係代名詞 that 在子句中作主詞,先行詞 those 為複數,所以使用 have。
- 主句動詞為 are,與複數主詞 those 一致。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
Of the thousands of varieties of bird species in North America, those that have bright red plumage, like the cardinal, are most often designated as state birds.
翻譯:
在北美數千種鳥類品種中,那些擁有鮮紅色羽毛的鳥類,例如紅雀,最常被指定為州鳥。
關鍵結構是:
those that have bright red plumage are...
意為「那些擁有鮮紅色羽毛的鳥類是……」。
解題方法
先找主句的主詞與動詞:
- 主句動詞:are most often designated
- 主詞:空格部分
由於 are 是複數動詞,空格必須填入複數名詞或複數代名詞作主詞。
空格後的 bright red plumage 是 have 的受詞,因此空格內容必須能形成:
「那些擁有鮮紅色羽毛的鳥類」
those 可以獨立作為主詞,後面再接關係子句 that have bright red plumage,完整結構如下:
those + that have bright red plumage
因此選 (C) those that have。
選項分析
(A) who have
who 通常指人,不能用來指此處的鳥類或鳥類品種。此外,who have 本身沒有名詞性主詞,無法直接放在主句主詞位置。
錯誤結構:
Who have bright red plumage are...
第 17 題2 分
_____ that carried the tradition of 19th century American Realism to perhaps its highest level of achievement.
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核心觀念
本題考查「強調句型(cleft sentence)」與句子完整性。
句型:
本題完整結構為:
It was the painter Thomas Eakins that carried the tradition of 19th century American Realism to perhaps its highest level of achievement.
其中:
- It was the painter Thomas Eakins:被強調的主詞部分
- that carried ...:關係子句,說明 Thomas Eakins 做了什麼
- carried A to its highest level of achievement:將 A 發揚至最高成就
- tradition:傳統
- 19th century American Realism:十九世紀美國寫實主義
- perhaps:或許、可能
- achievement:成就
全句翻譯為:
正是畫家 Thomas Eakins,將十九世紀美國寫實主義的傳統帶到了或許最高的成就境界。
解題方法
首先觀察空格後的內容:
that carried the tradition of 19th century American Realism to perhaps its highest level of achievement
其中 that carried 已經形成一個關係子句,但整個句子仍須有主要結構。若直接填入普通名詞片語,如 Thomas Eakins,會變成:
Thomas Eakins that carried ...
這只有「名詞+關係子句」,缺少主要動詞,因此句子不完整。
選項 E 填入後:
It was the painter Thomas Eakins that carried ...
形成完整的強調句:
- It was:強調句的起始結構
- the painter Thomas Eakins:被強調的人物
- that carried ...:說明該人物的行為
因此選項 E 能同時滿足文法完整性與語意要求。
選項分析
(A) Thomas Eakins
填入後為:
Thomas Eakins that carried the tradition ...
此句只有名詞片語 Thomas Eakins 加上關係子句 that carried ...,沒有主要動詞,形成句子片段。
若要使用 Thomas Eakins 作為主詞,應直接寫成:
Thomas Eakins carried the tradition ...
不能在主詞後直接接 that carried,使其成為關係子句而又缺少主句動詞。因此錯誤。
(B) Thomas Eakins’ paintings
填入後為:
Thomas Eakins’ paintings that carried the tradition ...
此處形成「Thomas Eakins 的畫作+關係子句」,但同樣缺少主要動詞。
此外,題目官方答案所要表達的是「畫家 Thomas Eakins 將傳統發揚光大」,主體是畫家本人,不是他的畫作。即使語意上畫作能承載某種藝術傳統,該選項在句法上仍不完整,因此錯誤。
(C) Why it was Thomas Eakins
填入後為:
Why it was Thomas Eakins that carried the tradition ...
第 18 題2 分
Although he suffered from discrimination, Martin Luther King is a man who believed in reconciliation and only rarely _____ a grudge during his Civil Rights movement.
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核心觀念
本題考兩個重點:
- 否定或限制性副詞置於句首時,主詞與助動詞倒裝
- 一般過去式疑問/倒裝句的結構:did + 原形動詞
句中有片語 only rarely,意思是「只有很少時候、極少」。這類具有否定或限制意味的副詞片語置於句首時,後面的主要子句須採倒裝:
因此:
only rarely did he carry a grudge
其中:
- carry a grudge:懷恨、記仇
- only rarely:極少、很少
- suffer from discrimination:遭受歧視
- believe in reconciliation:相信和解
- Civil Rights movement:民權運動
- discrimination:歧視
- reconciliation:和解
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
Although he suffered from discrimination, Martin Luther King is a man who believed in reconciliation and only rarely did he carry a grudge during his Civil Rights movement.
翻譯:
雖然馬丁.路德.金恩遭受歧視,但他是一位相信和解的人,在民權運動期間極少懷恨他人。
句首的 Although he suffered from discrimination 是讓步副詞子句,表示「雖然……」。主要子句中的 only rarely 帶有限制、近似否定的語氣,置於句首位置後,須使用倒裝結構。
解題方法
先找出空格所在的主要子句:
only rarely _____ a grudge
主詞是 he,主要動詞是 carry,描述的是過去民權運動期間的行為,因此使用一般過去式。
一般過去式若要形成倒裝,必須加入助動詞 did,並將主要動詞改回原形:
所以完整句為:
only rarely did he carry a grudge
選項 (D) did he carry 正好符合「句首限制性副詞引發倒裝」以及「did 後接原形動詞」的規則。
選項分析
(A) he carried
組合後為:
only rarely he carried a grudge
第 19 題2 分
They haven’t _____ an AIDS vaccine.
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核心觀念
本題考「現在完成式的否定句」以及副詞 yet 的用法。
句型為:
表示「截至目前為止尚未完成某事」。
題幹中的 They haven’t 是 They have not 的縮寫,因此後面必須接動詞的過去分詞。動詞 develop 的過去分詞為 developed。
此外,yet 用於否定句時,表示「尚未、還沒有」,常放在句尾,也可以放在助動詞與主要動詞之間:
- They haven’t developed an AIDS vaccine yet.
- They haven’t yet developed an AIDS vaccine.
兩句皆表示「他們尚未研發出 AIDS 疫苗」。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句為:
They haven’t _____ an AIDS vaccine.
完整句為:
They haven’t yet developed an AIDS vaccine.
翻譯:
他們至今尚未研發出 AIDS 疫苗。
其中:
- develop:研發、開發
- vaccine:疫苗
- AIDS:愛滋病,後接名詞時作為修飾語
- have not developed:尚未研發出
- yet:尚未、到目前為止仍然沒有
解題方法
先觀察空格前的 haven’t。因為 haven’t = have not,後面要接現在完成式所需的過去分詞。
選項中符合過去分詞形式的主要是 developed,因此可先鎖定含有 developed 的選項 A 或 B。
接著判斷副詞位置與語意:
- 否定句中的 yet 表示「尚未」,最符合題意。
- already 表示「已經」,通常用於肯定句;放在此否定句中會使語意和語氣不自然。
因此應選:
They haven’t yet developed an AIDS vaccine.
選項分析
(A) yet developed
正確。
yet 表示「尚未」,放在 have not 與過去分詞 developed 之間,符合現在完成式否定句的用法:
They haven’t yet developed an AIDS vaccine.
意思是「他們尚未研發出 AIDS 疫苗」。
(B) developed already
錯誤。
雖然 developed 是正確的過去分詞,但 already 表示「已經」,通常用於肯定句,例如:
第 20 題2 分
After a horrible start _____ a comedy tour, I began to think my whole life _____ a tragic mistake _____ a humorist.
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核心觀念
本題考查三項重點:
- 介系詞與名詞的搭配
a start to + 事物:某事物的開始as + 身分/職業:身為……
- 過去完成式
- 表示「在過去某個時間點之前,已經完成或存在的狀態」。
- 語意與慣用搭配
a tragic mistake as a humorist表示「身為幽默作家/喜劇演員,是一個悲劇性的錯誤」。
解題方法
先觀察第一個空格:
a horrible start _____ a comedy tour
start to a comedy tour 表示「喜劇巡演的糟糕開端」,符合 a start to + 名詞 的搭配,因此第一格填 to。
再看第二、三個空格:
I began to think my whole life _____ a tragic mistake _____ a humorist.
主要動詞是過去式 began。說話者在過去某一時刻開始思考,而「人生一直是錯誤」這個狀態,是截至該過去時刻之前便已存在,因此使用過去完成式:
my whole life had been a tragic mistake
最後,as a humorist 表示「身為幽默作家/喜劇演員」,用來說明這個「錯誤」所涉及的身分,因此第三格填 as。
完整句子為:
After a horrible start to a comedy tour, I began to think my whole life had been a tragic mistake as a humorist.
在喜劇巡演有了一個糟糕的開端後,我開始認為自己身為幽默作家的一生一直都是一場悲劇性的錯誤。
選項分析
(A) on / will be / to:錯誤
a start on a comedy tour並非最合適的搭配。start on通常表示「開始進行某項工作或任務」,例如start on a project,本題應表達「巡演的開端」,以start to a comedy tour最自然。will be是未來式,與過去式began的敘述時間不一致。a tragic mistake to a humorist不符合語意與慣用搭配。身分應使用as a humorist。
第 21 題2 分
Scarcely had they settled themselves in their seats in the theater _____ the curtain went up.
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核心觀念
本題考「幾乎一……就……」的固定句型,以及否定副詞置於句首所造成的倒裝。
句型為:
Scarcely/Hardly/Barely + had + 主詞 + 過去分詞 + when + 子句
意義是「才剛……就……」、「幾乎一……就……」。
題幹:
Scarcely had they settled themselves in their seats in the theater when the curtain went up.
他們才剛在劇院的座位上坐定,幕就升起了。
其中:
- scarcely:幾乎不、才剛
- settle oneself in one’s seat:在座位上坐定、安頓好自己
- in the theater:在劇院裡
- curtain:幕、布幕
- go up:升起;the curtain went up 指「開幕、演出開始」
解題方法
題幹前半句是:
Scarcely had they settled themselves in their seats...
原本的正常語序是:
They had scarcely settled themselves in their seats...
由於 scarcely 具有否定或半否定語氣,置於句首時,須將助動詞 had 提到主詞 they 前面,形成倒裝:
Scarcely had they settled...
看到 Scarcely had...,後面應搭配 when,構成固定句型:
Scarcely had A happened when B happened.
因此完整句子為:
Scarcely had they settled themselves in their seats in the theater when the curtain went up.
意思是「他們才剛坐定,布幕就升起了」。
選項分析
(A) when
正確。scarcely...when... 是固定搭配,表示「才剛……就……」。
本句可與下列句型比較:
第 22 題2 分
_____, the white mountain goat is an extremely sure-footed animal that escapes from its predators by living in the most rugged, rocky landscapes.
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核心觀念
本題測驗「分詞構句(Participle Clauses / Participial Phrases)」與「主動/被動語態的判定」。
當副詞子句與主要子句的「主詞相同」時,可省略連接詞與主詞,並將動詞改為分詞形式以精簡句型:
- 主動語態:保留現在分詞()。若強調動作先發生,使用完成分詞()。
- 被動語態:原為「」,通常省略 ,僅保留過去分詞();若強調先於主要子句發生,則為「」( 亦常省略)。
解題方法
- 分析句子結構:
- 逗號後方為完整的主要子句:
the white mountain goat (S) is (V) an extremely sure-footed animal...。 - 逗號前方缺乏連接詞,且無獨立主詞,可知此處為修飾全句主詞的分詞構句結構。
- 找出邏輯主詞並判定語態:
- 分詞構句省略的主詞就是主要子句的主詞——
the white mountain goat(雪羊/白山羊)。 - 動詞為
see(看見)。 - 語意判斷:「雪羊」本身無法主動「看見(seeing)」,而是「被(人們)看見」。因此主詞與動詞之間為被動關係(The white mountain goat is rarely seen)。
- 還原原句:
- 原副詞子句:
- 省略連接詞與主詞
it,動詞is轉為分詞being: - 省略
Being後,得到精簡的過去分詞片語:。
選項分析
- (A) Having rarely seeing:文法錯誤。
Having後方須接過去分詞(),不可接現在分詞seeing。- 且此結構為主動語態(完成式主動應為
Having rarely seen),與主詞「雪羊」的被動語意不符。 - (B) Rarely seeing:語態錯誤。
seeing為現在分詞,代表主動語態,意指「雪羊很少看見……」,使雪羊成為動作發出者,語意不通且受詞缺失。- (C) Been rarely seeing:文法錯誤。
第 23 題2 分
Professor Thompson _____ three books since 2011, and she is working on her fourth.
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題幹翻譯與解析
題幹原文:
Professor Thompson _____ three books since 2011, and she is working on her fourth.
中文翻譯:
湯普森教授自 2011 年以來已經寫了三本書,目前她正在著手寫第四本。
核心觀念
本題測驗核心為**「現在完成式」(Present Perfect Tense)的用法與時態搭配**,特別是介系詞 since + 時間起點 引導時間副詞片語時的動詞時態規則,以及主動與被動語態的判斷。
since + 起點時間的搭配:
當句中出現「since + 過去時間點 / 過去事件」(例如since 2011)表示「自……以來一直持續到現在」,主句的動作通常須使用現在完成式()或現在完成進行式()。- 語態判斷(主動 vs. 被動):
主詞Professor Thompson(湯普森教授)與動詞write(寫)之間為主動執行者的關係(教授「寫」書,而非「被寫」),受詞為three books,故必須使用主動語態。 - 完成式 vs. 進行式的區別:
題幹後方提到「three books」(三本書),強調在該段時間內累積完成的具體成果與數量,動詞應用完成式()表達「已完成三本」;若為現在完成進行式則強調動作不間斷進行,通常不與明確累積的完成次數或件數(如three books)連用。
關鍵字詞解析
- since 2011:自 2011 年以來(作為時間副詞片語,後接明確過去年份,提示主要子句使用現在完成式)。
- work on something (phr.):致力於某事;著手進行某事。
- fourth (adj. / pron.):第四個(此處代指
fourth book)。
解題方法
- 抓取時間標記:
題幹中看到關鍵時間副詞片語since 2011,說明動作從 2011 年開始一直延伸並影響到說話當下,優先鎖定現在完成式()。 - 檢驗主被動與主詞單複數:
主詞Professor Thompson為第三人稱單數,助動詞使用has;
第 24 題2 分
The hindsight bias refers to a pervasive human tendency for people to be remarkable adept at inferring a process _____ the outcome is known but be unable to predict outcomes _____ only the processes and precipitating events are known.
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核心觀念
本題測驗「從屬連接詞的語意邏輯」與「對比句型結構」。解題關鍵在於掌握前後兩子句的邏輯條件與時間脈絡,並辨識兩段子句之間的強烈平行對比(parallel contrast)。
重點單字與片語解析
- hindsight bias (n.):後見之明偏誤、事後諸葛效應。
- pervasive (adj.):普遍的、無所不在的。
- tendency (n.):傾向。常搭配
tendency for sb. to V(某人做某事的傾向)。 - adept at (adj. + prep.):熟練於……、擅長於……。
- infer (v.):推論、推斷。
- precipitating events (n. phr.):觸發事件、起因事件(precipitating 意為「促成的、突如其來的誘發」)。
題幹定位與全文翻譯
題幹原文:
"The hindsight bias refers to a pervasive human tendency for people to be remarkable adept at inferring a process [once] the outcome is known but be unable to predict outcomes [when] only the processes and precipitating events are known."
(註:題目中 remarkable 為原題刊印之筆誤,文法上應為副詞 remarkably 修飾形容詞 adept。)
- 中文翻譯:
「後見之明偏誤」指的是人類普遍存在的一種傾向:一旦知道結果,人就非常擅長回推其過程;但當只知道過程與觸發事件時,人卻無法預測出未來的結果。
解題方法
本題的句型核心是典型心理學名詞「後見之明偏誤」(hindsight bias)的定義,結構上呈現兩組由等立連接詞 but 連接的平行對比:
- 對比前半段:
- 能力:
be adept at inferring a process(擅長回推過程) - 條件/時機:
_____ the outcome is known(結果已知) - 邏輯:一旦結果已知,人們就會覺得「過程很好解釋」(事後諸葛)。需要表「一旦……就……」或「在……情況下」的從屬連接詞,once 或 when 最為自然貼切。
- 對比後半段:
- 能力:
be unable to predict outcomes(無法預測結果)
第 25 題2 分
How long a minute _____ depends on _____ side of bathroom door you are _____.
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核心觀念
本題考查三項文法:
- 間接問句的語序
- 主詞與動詞的一致
- 介系詞搭配與語意
完整句子為:
How long a minute is depends on which side of bathroom door you are on.
翻譯為:
一分鐘究竟有多長,取決於你位在浴室門的哪一側。
此句帶有幽默語意:人在浴室內使用時,覺得一分鐘很短;在門外等待時,則覺得一分鐘很久。
解題方法
第一空位於主詞子句:
How long a minute _____
這是「一分鐘有多長」的間接問句。直接問句為:
How long is a minute?
改成間接問句後,須恢復陳述句語序:
how long a minute is
因此第一空應填 is。此外,主詞為單數的 a minute,動詞也須使用單數形式 is。
第二空後面的結構是:
depends on _____ side of bathroom door
此處表示「浴室門的哪一側」,應使用疑問限定詞 which:
which side of the bathroom door
第三空構成固定搭配:
be on a side
表示「位於某一側」,因此為:
you are on
三格依序為:
is / which / on
故選 (D)。
選項分析
(A) was / that / at
- was:第一空主詞為單數,使用 was 在形式上雖可作過去式,但題句表達一般性事實,應使用現在式 is。
- that side:that 表示「那一側」,不是「哪一側」,無法表達此處的疑問語意。
- be at a side:表示位於某一側通常使用 be on a side,不用 at。
因此整體錯誤。
(B) are / how / in
- are:a minute 為單數主詞,不能搭配 are。
- how side:英文不能說 how side;「哪一側」應為 which side。
第 26 題2 分
The following are five versions of one statement. Only one of them is completely correct. Which is it?
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核心觀念
本題考查三項文法:
- 介系詞與動名詞搭配
by + V-ing表示「藉由做某事」。compete for + 名詞表示「競爭以取得某物」。
- 平行結構(parallel structure)
by offering ... and by providing ...facilitate ... and afford ...
連接的成分應保持相同形式。
- 主詞與動詞一致
Thailand為單數專有名詞,動詞須用competes。legal frameworks為複數,關係子句中的動詞須用facilitate、afford。
關鍵句與翻譯
正確句為:
Thailand competes for investment by offering attractive tax and non-tax incentives, and by providing legal frameworks that facilitate investment and afford high levels of protection for investors.
翻譯:
泰國藉由提供具吸引力的租稅與非租稅優惠,以及提供能促進投資並為投資人提供高度保障的法律架構,來爭取投資。
句子的結構如下:
Thailand competes for investment:泰國競爭以取得投資by offering ...:藉由提供……and by providing ...:以及藉由提供……legal frameworks that facilitate investment and afford ...:能促進投資並提供……的法律架構
其中 that 引導關係子句,修飾複數名詞 legal frameworks,因此後面的動詞使用原形 facilitate 與 afford。
解題方法
先找句子的主要動詞與連接結構:
- 主詞:
Thailand - 主要動詞:
competes - 目的:
for investment - 方法:
by offering ... and by providing ...
by offering 與 by providing 是兩個平行的介系詞片語,均表示達成「爭取投資」的方式。
再檢查 legal frameworks that ...:
legal frameworks是複數。- 因此關係子句應為:
frameworks facilitate investmentframeworks afford protection
所以必須使用 facilitate 和 afford,不能使用單數動詞 facilitates,也不能使用過去式 afforded。
選項分析
(A) 錯誤
Thailand competes for investment of offering ...
of offering 不符合此處的語意與搭配。表示「藉由提供」應使用 by offering,而非 of offering。
正確形式為:
competes for investment by offering attractive tax and non-tax incentives
(B) 正確
第 27 題2 分
The following are five versions of one statement. Only one of them is completely correct. Which is it?
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核心觀念
本題考查三項英文基本文法與語意:
- 主詞與動詞的單複數一致。
- 分詞片語的主動、被動用法。
- 關係代名詞的先行詞與格。
題意與定位答案的句子
完整正確的句子為:
Riot police in front of E.U. Offices in Brussels block a torrent of milk sprayed by European farmers, some of whom rode tractors into the Belgian capital on Nov. 26 to protest plummeting dairy prices.
翻譯:
布魯塞爾歐盟辦公室前的防暴警察,擋住了歐洲農民噴出的如洪流般的牛奶;其中一些農民在 11 月 26 日駕駛拖拉機進入比利時首都,抗議乳製品價格暴跌。
判斷關鍵如下:
- Riot police 是「防暴警察」,為複數概念,因此動詞用 block。
- 牛奶是「被農民噴出」,所以使用過去分詞 sprayed。
- farmers 指人,且位於介系詞 of 後面,正式文法使用受格關係代名詞 whom,形成 some of whom。
因此答案為 (D)。
關鍵單字與片語
- riot police:防暴警察
- in front of:在……前面
- E.U.:European Union,歐洲聯盟
- a torrent of:大量的、如洪流般的
- spray:噴灑
- tractor:拖拉機
- the Belgian capital:比利時首都
- protest:抗議
- plummet:暴跌
- dairy prices:乳製品價格
- some of whom:其中一些人
解題方法
先找主要子句的主詞與動詞:
Riot police ... block a torrent of milk ...
主詞是 Riot police。其中 police 本身是集合名詞,通常視為複數,故使用 block,不能使用單數動詞 blocks。
接著判斷 milk 與 European farmers 的關係:
a torrent of milk sprayed by European farmers
牛奶是被農民噴出的,因此是被動關係,使用過去分詞 sprayed,相當於:
a torrent of milk which was sprayed by European farmers
最後判斷關係代名詞:
farmers, some of whom rode tractors ...
先行詞是表示「人」的 farmers;of 是介系詞,後面在正式書面英文中使用受格 whom:
some of whom = some of the farmers
選項分析
(A) 錯誤
Rioting police ... blocks ...
有兩處問題:
- Rioting police 意思是「正在暴動的警察」,而題意要表達的是「防暴警察」,正確搭配是 riot police。
riot 作名詞修飾 police,表示執行防暴任務的警察;
第 28 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question below according to what is stated and implied in each passage.
No step in life is more important than the choice of a vocation. The wise selection of the business, profession, trade, or occupation to which one’s life is to be devoted and the development of full efficiency in the chosen field are matters of the deepest moment to young men and to the public. These vital problems should be solved in a careful, scientific way, with due regard to each person’s aptitudes, abilities, ambitions, resources, and limitations and the relations of these elements to the conditions of success in different industries.
If a boy takes up a line of work to which he is adapted, he will achieve greater success than if he drifts into an industry for which he is not fitted. An occupation out of harmony with the worker’s aptitudes and capacities means inefficiency, unenthusiastic and perhaps distasteful labor, and low pay, while an occupation in harmony with the nature of the man means enthusiasm, love of work, and high economic values—superior product, efficient service, and good pay.
If a young man chooses his vocation so that his best abilities and enthusiasms will be united with his daily work, he has laid the foundations of success and happiness. But if his best abilities and enthusiasms are separated from his daily work or do not find in it fair scope and opportunity for exercise and development, if his occupation is merely a means of making a living, and the work he loves to do is sidetracked into the evening hours or pushed out of his life altogether, he will be only a fraction of the man he ought to be. Efficiency and success are largely dependent on adaptation.
The general tone of this passage might well be attacked by a group _____.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀測驗中的「文章立場判斷」與「語意推論」。題目問:
The general tone of this passage might well be attacked by a group _____.
意思是「這篇文章的整體語氣,很可能會受到哪一團體的批評?」
文章主旨是:年輕人應慎選適合自身能力、性向與興趣的職業,並使工作與個人特質相配合,才能獲得成功、幸福與較高的工作效率。
然而,文章多次以男性作為對象,例如:
- young men:年輕男性
- a boy:男孩
- a young man:年輕男子
因此,主張男女應享有平等權利的團體,會批評文章只將職業選擇與成功問題放在男性身上,忽略女性,是最符合題意的答案。
解題方法
先抓住題目中的關鍵字 attacked。它不是問「哪一團體最支持本文」,而是問「哪一團體會批評本文的整體立場」。
文章支持的觀點包括:
- 職業應配合個人的能力與性向。
- 工作應符合個人的興趣與熱忱。
- 職業選擇會影響成功、幸福與收入。
- 年輕人應慎重規劃未來職業。
接著觀察文章的適用對象。全文使用:
The wise selection ... are matters of the deepest moment to young men and to the public.
意為:「明智地選擇一生要投入的事業、專業、行業或職業,對年輕男性及社會大眾而言,是極為重要的事情。」
文中又寫道:
If a boy takes up a line of work to which he is adapted, he will achieve greater success...
意為:「如果一名男孩從事適合自己的工作,他將比從事不適合自己的行業更容易獲得成功。」
最後又寫:
If a young man chooses his vocation so that his best abilities and enthusiasms will be united with his daily work...
意為:「如果一名年輕男子選擇職業,使自己最優秀的能力與熱忱能結合於日常工作中……」
這些句子清楚顯示,文章雖然討論一般性的職業選擇原則,實際措辭卻主要以男性為對象。因此,性別平等團體會對這種男性中心的表達方式提出批評。
文法與語意重點
題幹句型:
might well be attacked by a group
- might:可能會
- well:完全有理由地、很可能
- be attacked:受到批評;被攻擊
- by a group:受到某團體的……
這是情態助動詞搭配被動語態:
其中 general tone 指「整體語氣、整體立場」,不是單指文章的情緒或寫作風格。判斷答案時,必須分析作者整篇文章的主要立場及其適用範圍。
文章中另一個重要句型是:
an occupation out of harmony with the worker’s aptitudes and capacities
第 29 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question below according to what is stated and implied in each passage.
No step in life is more important than the choice of a vocation. The wise selection of the business, profession, trade, or occupation to which one’s life is to be devoted and the development of full efficiency in the chosen field are matters of the deepest moment to young men and to the public. These vital problems should be solved in a careful, scientific way, with due regard to each person’s aptitudes, abilities, ambitions, resources, and limitations and the relations of these elements to the conditions of success in different industries.
If a boy takes up a line of work to which he is adapted, he will achieve greater success than if he drifts into an industry for which he is not fitted. An occupation out of harmony with the worker’s aptitudes and capacities means inefficiency, unenthusiastic and perhaps distasteful labor, and low pay, while an occupation in harmony with the nature of the man means enthusiasm, love of work, and high economic values—superior product, efficient service, and good pay.
If a young man chooses his vocation so that his best abilities and enthusiasms will be united with his daily work, he has laid the foundations of success and happiness. But if his best abilities and enthusiasms are separated from his daily work or do not find in it fair scope and opportunity for exercise and development, if his occupation is merely a means of making a living, and the work he loves to do is sidetracked into the evening hours or pushed out of his life altogether, he will be only a fraction of the man he ought to be. Efficiency and success are largely dependent on adaptation.
The author expresses the thought that the correct choice of job or career is important to _____.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨定位」與「代名詞指涉」。文章主旨是:選擇適合自己的職業,會影響個人的成功與幸福,也會影響社會整體的效率與經濟價值。
關鍵句為:
“The wise selection of the business, profession, trade, or occupation to which one’s life is to be devoted ... are matters of the deepest moment to young men and to the public.”
翻譯:慎重選擇一生投入的事業、專業、行業或職業,對年輕人以及社會大眾而言,都是極其重要的事情。
其中 “young men” 指個人、年輕求職者;“the public” 指社會大眾、整體社會。因此答案是「個人與整體社會」。
解題方法
題目問:
The author expresses the thought that the correct choice of job or career is important to _____.
翻譯:作者表達了選擇正確工作或職涯對誰很重要的看法?
直接回文章第一段尋找「職業選擇的重要對象」。文章明確指出:
- “to young men”:「對年輕人而言」
- “to the public”:「對社會大眾而言」
題目選項中,能同時涵蓋個人與社會的只有:
“the individual and society at large”
因此選 (C)。
文章後續也提供理由:適合個人能力與興趣的職業,能帶來熱忱、效率、高品質產品、良好服務與合理薪資。這些結果一方面使個人更成功幸福,另一方面也提升社會整體的生產力與經濟價值。
文章語意與文法重點
- No step in life is more important than ...
意為「人生沒有任何一步比……更重要」。
這是比較級句型:
可改寫為:
文中將 “the choice of a vocation” 視為人生最重要的決定之一。
- the choice of a vocation
“vocation” 指「職業、志業、人生職涯」,語意比一般的 “job” 更正式,也帶有長期投入與人生方向的意味。
- with due regard to ...
意為「充分考量……」。
文中列出選擇職業時應考量的因素:
- aptitudes:天賦、性向
- abilities:能力
- ambitions:抱負
- resources:資源
- limitations:限制
- conditions of success:成功條件
- be adapted to/be fitted for
- “be adapted to a line of work”:適合某種工作
- “be fitted for an industry”:適任某個行業
文章強調,個人的能力與性向若符合工作要求,成功機會較高。
- out of harmony with/in harmony with
- “out of harmony with”:與……不協調、不相稱
- “in harmony with”:與……協調、相稱
職業若不符合個人性向,會造成效率低落、缺乏熱忱與薪資低;若相符合,則能帶來工作熱情、優良成果與良好報酬。
第 30 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question below according to what is stated and implied in each passage.
No step in life is more important than the choice of a vocation. The wise selection of the business, profession, trade, or occupation to which one’s life is to be devoted and the development of full efficiency in the chosen field are matters of the deepest moment to young men and to the public. These vital problems should be solved in a careful, scientific way, with due regard to each person’s aptitudes, abilities, ambitions, resources, and limitations and the relations of these elements to the conditions of success in different industries.
If a boy takes up a line of work to which he is adapted, he will achieve greater success than if he drifts into an industry for which he is not fitted. An occupation out of harmony with the worker’s aptitudes and capacities means inefficiency, unenthusiastic and perhaps distasteful labor, and low pay, while an occupation in harmony with the nature of the man means enthusiasm, love of work, and high economic values—superior product, efficient service, and good pay.
If a young man chooses his vocation so that his best abilities and enthusiasms will be united with his daily work, he has laid the foundations of success and happiness. But if his best abilities and enthusiasms are separated from his daily work or do not find in it fair scope and opportunity for exercise and development, if his occupation is merely a means of making a living, and the work he loves to do is sidetracked into the evening hours or pushed out of his life altogether, he will be only a fraction of the man he ought to be. Efficiency and success are largely dependent on adaptation.
Proper adaptation of the worker to his occupation will produce _____.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考閱讀理解中的「同義改寫與文意定位」。題目問:
Proper adaptation of the worker to his occupation will produce _____.
意思是:「工作者與其職業之間適當的適配,將會產生什麼結果?」
文章主旨為:選擇符合個人能力、性向與熱情的職業,能帶來較高的工作效率、成功與幸福;若職業與個人特質不合,則容易導致效率低落、工作缺乏熱情與低薪。
解題方法
直接尋找文章中與題幹關鍵字相同或意思相近的句子。文章最後一句明確指出:
Efficiency and success are largely dependent on adaptation.
效率與成功大致取決於適配。
題幹將原文的因果關係改寫為:
- 原文:效率與成功取決於適配。
- 題幹:適當的適配會產生效率與成功。
因此空格應填入 efficiency and success,即「效率與成功」。
文章第二段也提供相同方向的支持:
An occupation in harmony with the nature of the man means enthusiasm, love of work, and high economic values—superior product, efficient service, and good pay.
符合個人本性的職業,代表熱忱、熱愛工作以及較高的經濟價值,包括優良的產品、有效率的服務與良好的薪資。
關鍵單字與片語
- vocation:職業、志業
- occupation:職業、工作
- aptitude:天資、性向
- capacity:能力
- ambition:志向、抱負
- resource:資源
- limitation:限制
- be adapted to:適合於……
- be fitted for:適合……
- in harmony with:與……協調、符合……
- inefficiency:效率不彰、無效率
- unenthusiastic:缺乏熱情的
- distasteful:令人厭惡的、不合意的
- enthusiasm:熱忱
- economic value:經濟價值
- sidetrack:使偏離主要方向;使擱置
- dependent on:取決於、依賴於
- adaptation:適應、適配、調適
文法與語意重點
- Proper adaptation of A to B
第 31 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question below according to what is stated and implied in each passage.
No step in life is more important than the choice of a vocation. The wise selection of the business, profession, trade, or occupation to which one’s life is to be devoted and the development of full efficiency in the chosen field are matters of the deepest moment to young men and to the public. These vital problems should be solved in a careful, scientific way, with due regard to each person’s aptitudes, abilities, ambitions, resources, and limitations and the relations of these elements to the conditions of success in different industries.
If a boy takes up a line of work to which he is adapted, he will achieve greater success than if he drifts into an industry for which he is not fitted. An occupation out of harmony with the worker’s aptitudes and capacities means inefficiency, unenthusiastic and perhaps distasteful labor, and low pay, while an occupation in harmony with the nature of the man means enthusiasm, love of work, and high economic values—superior product, efficient service, and good pay.
If a young man chooses his vocation so that his best abilities and enthusiasms will be united with his daily work, he has laid the foundations of success and happiness. But if his best abilities and enthusiasms are separated from his daily work or do not find in it fair scope and opportunity for exercise and development, if his occupation is merely a means of making a living, and the work he loves to do is sidetracked into the evening hours or pushed out of his life altogether, he will be only a fraction of the man he ought to be. Efficiency and success are largely dependent on adaptation.
The choice of a vocation should be made with _____.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨定位」與「細節推論」。文章主旨是:選擇職業時,應依照個人的能力、性向與熱忱,選擇適合自己的工作,才能提高成功與幸福的機會。
關鍵概念包括:
- aptitude:性向、天賦
- ability:能力
- capacity:才能、能力
- vocation:職業、志業
- occupation:職業、工作
- be adapted to:適合於……
- in harmony with:與……相符、與……協調
- with due regard to:充分考量……
文章第一段明確指出,職業選擇應考量個人的:
“aptitudes, abilities, ambitions, resources, and limitations”
意為:「性向、能力、抱負、資源與限制。」
因此,答案應選擇與「調查或評估個人能力與性向」最直接相關的選項。
解題方法
本題題幹問:
The choice of a vocation should be made with _____.
選擇職業時,應該要考量什麼?
解題時應先尋找文章中直接回答「職業選擇應考量哪些因素」的句子。第一段指出:
“These vital problems should be solved in a careful, scientific way, with due regard to each person’s aptitudes, abilities, ambitions, resources, and limitations...”
翻譯為:
「這些重要問題應以謹慎且科學的方式解決,並充分考量每個人的性向、能力、抱負、資源與限制……」
其中的 aptitudes 對應選項中的 aptitudes,而 abilities 對應選項中的 abilities。選項 E 直接擷取文章的核心資訊,因此最符合題意。
文章後文也進一步支持此觀點:
“If a boy takes up a line of work to which he is adapted, he will achieve greater success...”
翻譯為:
「如果一個男孩從事適合自己的工作,他將比從事不適合自己的行業獲得更大的成功……」
這表示職業選擇的關鍵在於「個人特質是否與工作相配」,而不是公司待遇、職場氣氛或升遷速度。
選項分析
(A) careful research into pay scales
意為「仔細研究薪資級距」。
文章雖然提到適合的職業能帶來 good pay,也就是「良好的薪資」,但薪資只是選對職業後可能產生的結果,並不是文章主張選擇職業時最主要的考量。文章強調的是個人的性向與能力,因此 A 錯誤。
(B) consideration of the workplace
意為「考量工作場所」。
第 32 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question below according to what is stated and implied in each passage.
No step in life is more important than the choice of a vocation. The wise selection of the business, profession, trade, or occupation to which one’s life is to be devoted and the development of full efficiency in the chosen field are matters of the deepest moment to young men and to the public. These vital problems should be solved in a careful, scientific way, with due regard to each person’s aptitudes, abilities, ambitions, resources, and limitations and the relations of these elements to the conditions of success in different industries.
If a boy takes up a line of work to which he is adapted, he will achieve greater success than if he drifts into an industry for which he is not fitted. An occupation out of harmony with the worker’s aptitudes and capacities means inefficiency, unenthusiastic and perhaps distasteful labor, and low pay, while an occupation in harmony with the nature of the man means enthusiasm, love of work, and high economic values—superior product, efficient service, and good pay.
If a young man chooses his vocation so that his best abilities and enthusiasms will be united with his daily work, he has laid the foundations of success and happiness. But if his best abilities and enthusiasms are separated from his daily work or do not find in it fair scope and opportunity for exercise and development, if his occupation is merely a means of making a living, and the work he loves to do is sidetracked into the evening hours or pushed out of his life altogether, he will be only a fraction of the man he ought to be. Efficiency and success are largely dependent on adaptation.
The result(s) of working at a vocation one enjoys can be measured in _____.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀測驗中的**細節定位與同義替換(Detail Locating & Paraphrasing)**能力。考生需掌握題幹關鍵字,迅速回文定位描述「從事熱愛/合適工作時所帶來的成果」,並辨識文章中的因果關係與平行對比結構。
解題方法
- 分析題幹關鍵訊息:
題幹問「The result(s) of working at a vocation one enjoys can be measured in _____.」(從事自己享受/喜愛之職業所產生的成果,可由何者衡量?)。關鍵概念為「工作熱忱/喜愛(a vocation one enjoys / love of work)」所對應的「具體成果/產出(result(s) / can be measured in)」。 - 回文定位關鍵句:
快速掃描第二段的對比句:
"...while an occupation in harmony with the nature of the man means enthusiasm, love of work, and high economic values—superior product, efficient service, and good pay."
(……反之,與個人天性契合的職業則意味著熱忱、對工作的熱愛以及高度的經濟價值——優質的產品、有效率的服務以及良好的報酬。)
- 對比選項:
文中破折號後方明確列出熱愛工作所產生的實質效益包含「superior product, efficient service, and good pay」,與選項 (B) 完全吻合。
選項分析
- (A) lack of enthusiasm(缺乏熱忱):錯誤。
文中明確指出喜愛的工作會帶來「enthusiasm, love of work」(熱忱、熱愛工作);「缺乏熱忱」是從事不適合工作(out of harmony with the worker's aptitudes)的負面後果。 - (B) superior products and efficient service(優質的產品與高效率的服務):正確。
第 33 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question below according to what is stated and implied in each passage.
Letter 1:
I read with much interest your article on the devastating effects of Hurricanes Rita and Katrina on New Orleans, and how much land, through water saturation, you have lost. This summer in Great Britain we have suffered much water situation. Our people were without power and drinking water, and in some cases had no homes. Unfortunately, aid seems to be little, and bearing in mind the size of our country and the cost of housing, there is very little room for people to move, as some of your people in New Orleans did.
Our problem is that our drainage system is so old and needs replacement, but our central government doesn’t bother. We have inadequate water defenses with our rivers, and many of our homes are built on low-lying floodplains. Developers know the consequences of the weather (though this might not happen again for 40 to 50 years), but our government is still insisting on building more homes on existing floodplain areas.
Letter 2:
I applaud the loyalty and self-reliance of the residents in attempting to resurrect the city. However, I object to potentially having to support the recovery from another disaster with tax dollars, when hurricanes seem so likely to happen. If people want to live there, it should be at their own risk.
Letter 3:
Residences and decision-making alike must move to higher ground regarding the future of New Orleans. Cool pragmatism must prevail over emotional attachment to place. Those who expect a return to pre-Katrina Hurricane New Orleans life are selfishly myopic. Not only were residents’ lives devastated by the tragedy, but emotional and other costs were also borne by families, friends and fellow citizens throughout the country. Rescue workers put their lives and health in harm’s way. Taxpayers bore the costs of the devastation and will be required to do so once again, inevitably. To rebuild the residential life of New Orleans is nothing less than reckless endangerment.
What is the subject matter that these letters all share?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀測驗中的「跨篇章主旨/共用主題整合能力(Synthesizing Main Idea across Multiple Passages)」。考生必須略讀三封不同作者的投書(Letter 1、Letter 2、Letter 3),歸納出三者共同圍繞、提及或作為引發討論背景的核心天然災害事件。
解題方法
-
分析題幹要求:
題幹問「What is the subject matter that these letters all share?」(這些信件共同的主題/討論對象是什麼?)。關鍵在於找出三封信「皆有提及」或「共同針對討論」的主題。 -
定位三篇投書的核心論述與共同關鍵詞:
- Letter 1:
原文:「I read with much interest your article on the devastating effects of Hurricanes Rita and Katrina on New Orleans...」
中譯:我饒富興味地讀了您關於麗塔與卡崔娜颶風對紐奧良所造成毀滅性影響的報導……
分析:作者以美國紐奧良遭受「颶風(hurricanes)」肆虐為引子,對比英國本土當前的洪澇與排水防汛問題。
- Letter 2:
原文:「...However, I object to potentially having to support the recovery from another disaster with tax dollars, when hurricanes seem so likely to happen.」
中譯:……然而,當颶風看起來如此頻繁且極可能再度發生時,我反對未來可能還得以納稅人的稅金去資助另一次災後重建。
分析:作者反對用納稅人的錢為紐奧良重建買單,理由正是該地未來仍極可能面臨「颶風(hurricanes)」侵襲。
- Letter 3:
原文:「Those who expect a return to pre-Katrina Hurricane New Orleans life are selfishly myopic.」
中譯:那些期望回到卡崔娜颶風侵襲前紐奧良生活的人,是自私且短視近利的。
分析:作者認為紐奧良重建是危險的舉動,反對重返遭遇「卡崔娜颶風(Katrina Hurricane)」前的生活型態。
- 歸納交集:
三封投書皆直接點名並圍繞著「Hurricane / Hurricanes(颶風,特別是卡崔娜與麗塔颶風帶來的衝擊與省思)」展開討論。因此共同主題必然為 hurricane。
第 34 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question below according to what is stated and implied in each passage.
Letter 1:
I read with much interest your article on the devastating effects of Hurricanes Rita and Katrina on New Orleans, and how much land, through water saturation, you have lost. This summer in Great Britain we have suffered much water situation. Our people were without power and drinking water, and in some cases had no homes. Unfortunately, aid seems to be little, and bearing in mind the size of our country and the cost of housing, there is very little room for people to move, as some of your people in New Orleans did.
Our problem is that our drainage system is so old and needs replacement, but our central government doesn’t bother. We have inadequate water defenses with our rivers, and many of our homes are built on low-lying floodplains. Developers know the consequences of the weather (though this might not happen again for 40 to 50 years), but our government is still insisting on building more homes on existing floodplain areas.
Letter 2:
I applaud the loyalty and self-reliance of the residents in attempting to resurrect the city. However, I object to potentially having to support the recovery from another disaster with tax dollars, when hurricanes seem so likely to happen. If people want to live there, it should be at their own risk.
Letter 3:
Residences and decision-making alike must move to higher ground regarding the future of New Orleans. Cool pragmatism must prevail over emotional attachment to place. Those who expect a return to pre-Katrina Hurricane New Orleans life are selfishly myopic. Not only were residents’ lives devastated by the tragedy, but emotional and other costs were also borne by families, friends and fellow citizens throughout the country. Rescue workers put their lives and health in harm’s way. Taxpayers bore the costs of the devastation and will be required to do so once again, inevitably. To rebuild the residential life of New Orleans is nothing less than reckless endangerment.
Which letter or letters place significant concern about the source of the fund needed for the recovery from the disaster?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題為學士後中醫閱讀測驗中的「多文本跨篇比對與細節歸納題(Cross-textual Synthesis)」。解題核心在於精確抓取題幹的關鍵限制條件——「災後重建資金的來源」(the source of the fund needed for the recovery),並在三封立場互異的讀者投書(Letters to the Editor)中,快速檢索出提及「出資者/資金來源」之文本。
解題方法
- 解析題幹關鍵字:
- 題幹問:
Which letter or letters place significant concern about the source of the fund needed for the recovery from the disaster?(哪一封或哪幾封信對「災後復原所需資金的來源」表達了重大關切?) - 關鍵定位詞:fund / money / financial cost / tax / taxpayer / source(資金來源通常指向政府預算、稅金或納稅人)。
- 回文定位與逐篇檢驗:
- Letter 1:作者身處英國,比較了紐奧良颶風與英國夏季水患的情況。文中雖提及
aid seems to be little(援助似乎很少),但全文重點在於比較兩地地理環境、居住空間不足、政府未積極改善老舊排水系統(drainage system is so old... central government doesn't bother)以及建商執意在洪氾區蓋房。全文並未討論或關切災後復原資金究竟應由誰負擔(資金來源)。 - Letter 2:作者明確指出:
"However, I object to potentially having to support the recovery from another disaster with tax dollars, when hurricanes seem so likely to happen. If people want to live there, it should be at their own risk."
(然而,當颶風如此容易再次發生時,我反對可能必須用稅金來資助另一場災難的重建。如果人們執意住在那裡,風險應由他們自己承擔。)
→ 明確反對動用公眾稅金(tax dollars)作為重建資金來源,符合題意。
- Letter 3:作者從理性務實角度主張放棄在原址重建紐奧良,文中直指成本分攤問題:
"Taxpayers bore the costs of the devastation and will be required to do so once again, inevitably. To rebuild the residential life of New Orleans is nothing less than reckless endangerment."
(納稅人承擔了這場浩劫的代價,而且不可避免地將再次被迫承擔。重建紐奧良的住宅生活無異於魯莽危害。)
第 35 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question below according to what is stated and implied in each passage.
Letter 1:
I read with much interest your article on the devastating effects of Hurricanes Rita and Katrina on New Orleans, and how much land, through water saturation, you have lost. This summer in Great Britain we have suffered much water situation. Our people were without power and drinking water, and in some cases had no homes. Unfortunately, aid seems to be little, and bearing in mind the size of our country and the cost of housing, there is very little room for people to move, as some of your people in New Orleans did.
Our problem is that our drainage system is so old and needs replacement, but our central government doesn’t bother. We have inadequate water defenses with our rivers, and many of our homes are built on low-lying floodplains. Developers know the consequences of the weather (though this might not happen again for 40 to 50 years), but our government is still insisting on building more homes on existing floodplain areas.
Letter 2:
I applaud the loyalty and self-reliance of the residents in attempting to resurrect the city. However, I object to potentially having to support the recovery from another disaster with tax dollars, when hurricanes seem so likely to happen. If people want to live there, it should be at their own risk.
Letter 3:
Residences and decision-making alike must move to higher ground regarding the future of New Orleans. Cool pragmatism must prevail over emotional attachment to place. Those who expect a return to pre-Katrina Hurricane New Orleans life are selfishly myopic. Not only were residents’ lives devastated by the tragedy, but emotional and other costs were also borne by families, friends and fellow citizens throughout the country. Rescue workers put their lives and health in harm’s way. Taxpayers bore the costs of the devastation and will be required to do so once again, inevitably. To rebuild the residential life of New Orleans is nothing less than reckless endangerment.
Which letter or letters truly aim at showing sympathy to the victims of the disaster?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「作者寫作目的」與「語意判讀」,重點不在於文章是否提到災民、災情或損失,而在於判斷每封信是否「真正以同情災難受害者為主要目的」。
判斷 sympathy to the victims 時,必須確認:
- 對受害者表達憐憫、關懷或支持。
- 文章主要目的在安慰、援助或聲援災民。
- 不能只因提到災民遭受損失,就直接判定作者是在表達同情。
本題的關鍵是區分「提及災情」與「以同情災民為寫作目的」。
文章重點與定位句
Letter 1
關鍵句:
“This summer in Great Britain we have suffered much water situation.”
本句意為:「今年夏天,英國也遭受嚴重的水患情況。」
信中雖然提到 New Orleans 受到颶風 Rita 與 Katrina 的重創,也提到英國人民停電、缺水,甚至無家可歸,但全文主要是在比較英國與 New Orleans 的水災問題,並批評英國政府忽視老舊排水系統與低窪地區開發。
尤其信末指出:
“our government is still insisting on building more homes on existing floodplain areas.”
意為:「我們的政府仍堅持在現有的洪水平原地區興建更多住宅。」
因此,Letter 1 的主要目的在討論英國的水患與政府政策,並非專門向 New Orleans 的災民表達同情。
Letter 2
關鍵句:
“I applaud the loyalty and self-reliance of the residents in attempting to resurrect the city.”
意為:「我讚揚居民努力重建城市時所展現的忠誠與自立精神。」
這句表面上帶有肯定與讚美,但後文立即轉為反對:
“However, I object to potentially having to support the recovery from another disaster with tax dollars.”
意為:「然而,我反對未來可能必須再次用納稅人的錢支援另一場災難的復原工作。」
最後又說:
“If people want to live there, it should be at their own risk.”
意為:「如果人們想住在那裡,就應該自行承擔風險。」
Letter 2 的主要立場是反對政府及納稅人負擔 New Orleans 重建費用,並主張居民應自行承擔居住風險。前面的 applaud 只是對居民忠誠與自立的表面肯定,並不代表整封信以同情災民為目的。
Letter 3
關鍵句:
“Not only were residents’ lives devastated by the tragedy, but emotional and other costs were also borne by families, friends and fellow citizens throughout the country.”
意為:「這場悲劇不僅摧毀了居民的生活,也使全國各地的家人、朋友與其他公民承受情緒上及其他方面的代價。」
本句確實承認居民受到嚴重傷害,也提到救援人員與納稅人的負擔。然而,Letter 3 的核心主張是反對恢復原有的住宅生活:
“To rebuild the residential life of New Orleans is nothing less than reckless endangerment.”
意為:「重建 New Orleans 原有的居民生活,無異於魯莽地使人再次陷入危險。」
信中使用 “selfishly myopic”(自私且目光短淺)與 “reckless endangerment”(魯莽地置人於危險)等強烈批判性字眼,主要是在主張居民與決策者應遷往高地,反對重建,而非以同情災民為主要寫作目的。
關鍵單字與片語
- devastating effects:毀滅性的影響
- water saturation:水分飽和、積水造成的含水過度
- suffer:遭受、承受
- without power:沒有電力供應
- drinking water:飲用水
- aid:援助
- drainage system:排水系統
- need replacement:需要更換
- water defenses:防洪設施
第 36 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question below according to what is stated and implied in each passage.
Letter 1:
I read with much interest your article on the devastating effects of Hurricanes Rita and Katrina on New Orleans, and how much land, through water saturation, you have lost. This summer in Great Britain we have suffered much water situation. Our people were without power and drinking water, and in some cases had no homes. Unfortunately, aid seems to be little, and bearing in mind the size of our country and the cost of housing, there is very little room for people to move, as some of your people in New Orleans did.
Our problem is that our drainage system is so old and needs replacement, but our central government doesn’t bother. We have inadequate water defenses with our rivers, and many of our homes are built on low-lying floodplains. Developers know the consequences of the weather (though this might not happen again for 40 to 50 years), but our government is still insisting on building more homes on existing floodplain areas.
Letter 2:
I applaud the loyalty and self-reliance of the residents in attempting to resurrect the city. However, I object to potentially having to support the recovery from another disaster with tax dollars, when hurricanes seem so likely to happen. If people want to live there, it should be at their own risk.
Letter 3:
Residences and decision-making alike must move to higher ground regarding the future of New Orleans. Cool pragmatism must prevail over emotional attachment to place. Those who expect a return to pre-Katrina Hurricane New Orleans life are selfishly myopic. Not only were residents’ lives devastated by the tragedy, but emotional and other costs were also borne by families, friends and fellow citizens throughout the country. Rescue workers put their lives and health in harm’s way. Taxpayers bore the costs of the devastation and will be required to do so once again, inevitably. To rebuild the residential life of New Orleans is nothing less than reckless endangerment.
The one lesson that we can learn from all these three letters is:
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「跨段落統整主旨」。題目要求找出三封信共同呈現的訊息,而不是只尋找某一封信中的細節。
三封信雖然討論的焦點不同:
- 第一封談英國洪水與政府防洪政策。
- 第二封談紐奧良居民是否應自行承擔颶風風險。
- 第三封主張紐奧良不應恢復災前的居住型態。
共同背景是:自然災害具有再發可能,居住與公共政策必須考慮災害不會只發生一次。因此官方答案選擇 (E) Hurricanes will return sooner or later.
解題方法
先辨認各封信的核心論點,再找能涵蓋三封信的共同概念:
- Letter 1 指出英國曾遭受嚴重洪水,且政府仍在低窪洪泛平原上興建住宅。
- Letter 2 認為居民若選擇住在容易遭受颶風侵襲的地區,就應自行承擔風險。
- Letter 3 認為紐奧良未來仍會面臨災害,因此重建原有住宅生活是「reckless endangerment」。
三封信都不是單純討論捐款、政府責任或全球暖化,而是強調災害風險具有持續性,不能假設災害只發生一次。故最符合共同主旨的是 (E)。
答案定位句與翻譯
Letter 2:
“when hurricanes seem so likely to happen”
意思是:「當颶風看起來很可能發生時。」
此句直接表示颶風具有再度發生的高度可能。
Letter 3:
“Taxpayers bore the costs of the devastation and will be required to do so once again, inevitably.”
意思是:「納稅人已承擔這場災難所造成的費用,而且不可避免地還會再次承擔這些費用。」
其中 once again 表示「再一次」,inevitably 表示「不可避免地」,明確支持颶風災害還會再發生的概念。
Letter 1 雖然主要談洪水,但提到:
“this might not happen again for 40 to 50 years”
意思是:「這種情況可能在 40 到 50 年內不會再次發生。」
這句的語意前提是災害仍有再次發生的可能,只是間隔時間可能很長。三封信因此共同呈現「自然災害會反覆發生,不能忽視長期風險」的觀念。
選項分析
(A) People will be happy to donate money to the devastated.
「人們會樂意捐錢給受災者。」
錯誤。第一封只說:
“Unfortunately, aid seems to be little”
意思是:「不幸的是,援助似乎很少。」
這反而表示救援或援助不足,沒有支持人們會樂意捐款。第二、三封也沒有討論民眾樂意捐錢的情形。
(B) It is all the government’s fault.
「這完全是政府的錯。」
錯誤。第一封確實批評英國中央政府忽視老舊排水系統,也持續在洪泛平原興建住宅;但第二封將責任部分歸於選擇居住在高風險地區的居民,第三封則批評居民執著於原居地,主張遷往高地。三封信並未共同認定所有問題都完全由政府造成。
(C) People can sensibly deal with natural disasters.
「人們能理性地處理自然災害。」
錯誤。文章反而呈現人們在災害政策上的爭議與不理性:
- 居民可能堅持留在高風險地區。
- 政府持續在低窪地區建屋。
- 第三封直接批評期待恢復災前生活的人是 selfishly myopic,意為「自私且目光短淺」。
因此,本文不是在肯定人們已能妥善處理災害。
(D) Hurricanes are related to global warming.
「颶風與全球暖化有關。」
錯誤。文章沒有提到 global warming,也沒有討論氣候變遷、海水溫度或颶風強度的科學成因。這是文章外加的背景知識,不能作為本文共同主旨。
第 37 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question below according to what is stated and implied in each passage.
With over 22,000 varieties, orchids are one of the oldest flowers on the planet. With names like dancing lady, butterfly, ghost and slipper orchids, the flowers tickle the imagination like few others. The so-called “orchid fever” began in the 19th century when British plant collector William Swainson sent a box of orchids back to England from Brazil. People immediately fell in love with their exotic color and shape.
Orchid collecting soon gained popularity as a hobby for the wealthy, creating a need for the occupation of “orchid hunter” to bridge the gap between supply and demand. It was a lucrative gig for the truly intrepid, and one fraught with risks. On the trail of this elusive flower, orchid hunters have been eaten by tigers, bitten by poisonous snakes, burned alive, beheaded, as well as killed by a variety of tropical diseases.
According to the context, what kind of person is “an intrepid”?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「上下文判斷字義」。遇到不熟悉的單字時,應利用前後文提供的線索,推測其在文章中的實際意思。
關鍵字:
- intrepid:勇敢的、無畏的、膽識過人的
- daringly brave:大膽而勇敢的
- lucrative:有利可圖的、收入豐厚的
- gig:工作、差事
- fraught with risks:充滿風險
- elusive:難以尋獲的、難以捕捉的
- orchid hunter:蘭花獵人、專門尋找蘭花的人
題目中的 an intrepid 是將形容詞 intrepid 名詞化使用,指「一個勇敢無畏的人」。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句是:
It was a lucrative gig for the truly intrepid, and one fraught with risks.
翻譯:
對真正勇敢無畏的人而言,這是一份收入豐厚的工作,但也是一份充滿風險的差事。
下一句進一步說明蘭花獵人所面臨的危險:
orchid hunters have been eaten by tigers, bitten by poisonous snakes, burned alive, beheaded, as well as killed by a variety of tropical diseases.
翻譯:
蘭花獵人曾被老虎吃掉、被毒蛇咬傷、被活活燒死、遭到斬首,也有人死於各種熱帶疾病。
由「充滿風險」以及被老虎吃掉、被毒蛇咬傷等情節可知,這份工作需要非常大的膽量與勇氣。因此 intrepid 的意思是「勇敢無畏的」。
選項分析
- (A) a highly intelligent person
意為「高度聰明的人」。文章沒有提到蘭花獵人需要高智商,intrepid 也不是「聰明的」,故錯誤。
第 38 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question below according to what is stated and implied in each passage.
With over 22,000 varieties, orchids are one of the oldest flowers on the planet. With names like dancing lady, butterfly, ghost and slipper orchids, the flowers tickle the imagination like few others. The so-called “orchid fever” began in the 19th century when British plant collector William Swainson sent a box of orchids back to England from Brazil. People immediately fell in love with their exotic color and shape.
Orchid collecting soon gained popularity as a hobby for the wealthy, creating a need for the occupation of “orchid hunter” to bridge the gap between supply and demand. It was a lucrative gig for the truly intrepid, and one fraught with risks. On the trail of this elusive flower, orchid hunters have been eaten by tigers, bitten by poisonous snakes, burned alive, beheaded, as well as killed by a variety of tropical diseases.
According to the context, what does “lucrative” mean?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀測驗中的「上下文判讀」與關鍵單字字義。解題重點是根據 lucrative 所修飾的名詞及前後文,判斷它在句中的正確語意。
lucrative 為形容詞,意思是「獲利豐厚的、賺錢的」,通常用來形容工作、職業、交易或事業能帶來大量金錢收益。
定位答案的原文
題幹指出:
It was a lucrative gig for the truly intrepid, and one fraught with risks.
其中:
gig:工作、差事lucrative:獲利豐厚的the truly intrepid:真正勇敢、無畏的人fraught with risks:充滿風險的
全句可翻譯為:
對真正勇敢無畏的人而言,這是一份獲利豐厚的工作,但同時也充滿風險。
前文說,蘭花採集逐漸成為富人的嗜好,因此市場上需要「蘭花獵人」來滿足供需。這份工作雖然危險,卻能帶來可觀收入,所以稱為 lucrative gig。
解題方法
先判斷 lucrative 修飾的對象:
a lucrative gig
gig 是「工作、差事」,因此 lucrative 應描述這份工作的經濟報酬,而不是描述工作的危險程度。
再利用句子的轉折與並列結構:
lucrative ... and ... fraught with risks
句中同時表達兩項特徵:
lucrative:收入豐厚fraught with risks:風險很高
因此,文章的意思是「高報酬但高風險」,答案為「獲利豐厚的」。
選項分析
(A) highly profitable:獲利極高的
正確。profitable 意為「有利可圖的、能賺錢的」,與 lucrative 意思相同。此選項也符合文章所述:蘭花獵人的工作雖危險,但因蘭花需求高而能獲得豐厚報酬。
(B) very dangerous:非常危險的
錯誤。文章確實描述這份工作充滿危險,例如有人被老虎吃掉、被毒蛇咬傷,或死於熱帶疾病;但「危險」是 fraught with risks 所表達的意思,不是 lucrative 的意思。
(C) extremely illusive:極難捉摸的
第 39 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question below according to what is stated and implied in each passage.
With over 22,000 varieties, orchids are one of the oldest flowers on the planet. With names like dancing lady, butterfly, ghost and slipper orchids, the flowers tickle the imagination like few others. The so-called “orchid fever” began in the 19th century when British plant collector William Swainson sent a box of orchids back to England from Brazil. People immediately fell in love with their exotic color and shape.
Orchid collecting soon gained popularity as a hobby for the wealthy, creating a need for the occupation of “orchid hunter” to bridge the gap between supply and demand. It was a lucrative gig for the truly intrepid, and one fraught with risks. On the trail of this elusive flower, orchid hunters have been eaten by tigers, bitten by poisonous snakes, burned alive, beheaded, as well as killed by a variety of tropical diseases.
According to its context, what does “elusive” mean?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「語境判字義」。elusive 是形容詞,常指某人或某物:
- 難以找到的
- 難以捕捉的
- 難以達成或掌握的
判斷單字義不能只靠字面翻譯,必須配合前後文。本段描述蘭花獵人為了尋找珍稀蘭花而深入熱帶地區,並遭遇老虎、毒蛇、疾病等危險,因此 elusive flower 應指「難以尋找的花」。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句為:
On the trail of this elusive flower, orchid hunters have been eaten by tigers, bitten by poisonous snakes, burned alive, beheaded, as well as killed by a variety of tropical diseases.
翻譯:
為了追尋這種難以尋找的花,蘭花獵人曾遭老虎吞食、被毒蛇咬傷、遭活活燒死、斬首,也曾死於各種熱帶疾病。
句中的 on the trail of 意為「追蹤、尋找」,表示蘭花獵人必須費力追尋這種花。若花朵「廣泛分布」,便不需要冒險進入危險的熱帶地區搜尋。因此 elusive 在此是「難以找到的」。
選項分析
- (A) widely spread 廣泛分布的
錯誤。widely spread 表示分布廣、容易在各地找到,與文中獵人必須冒險追尋蘭花的情境相反。
- (B) possibly poisonous 可能有毒的
錯誤。文章提到的是獵人可能被 poisonous snakes(毒蛇)咬傷,poisonous 修飾的是蛇,不是蘭花。elusive 本身也不表示「有毒」。
- (C) difficult to locate 難以找到的
正確。elusive 可表示「難以找到、難以捕捉或難以掌握的」。搭配 on the trail of this elusive flower,就是「追尋這種難以找到的花」,完全符合文章描述。
- (D) extremely fragile 極其脆弱的
第 40 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question below according to what is stated and implied in each passage.
With over 22,000 varieties, orchids are one of the oldest flowers on the planet. With names like dancing lady, butterfly, ghost and slipper orchids, the flowers tickle the imagination like few others. The so-called “orchid fever” began in the 19th century when British plant collector William Swainson sent a box of orchids back to England from Brazil. People immediately fell in love with their exotic color and shape.
Orchid collecting soon gained popularity as a hobby for the wealthy, creating a need for the occupation of “orchid hunter” to bridge the gap between supply and demand. It was a lucrative gig for the truly intrepid, and one fraught with risks. On the trail of this elusive flower, orchid hunters have been eaten by tigers, bitten by poisonous snakes, burned alive, beheaded, as well as killed by a variety of tropical diseases.
According to this passage, which of the following statements is wrong?
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核心觀念
本題考的是閱讀理解中的「資訊定位」與「字義辨析」,尤其要注意:
- 文章明示的事實:orchid fever 始於 19 世紀英國。
- 地理資訊:第一箱蘭花由巴西送往英國;巴西位於南美洲。
- 語意陷阱:
orchid fever是對蘭花狂熱的比喻,不是疾病造成的發燒。 - 判斷題型:題目問的是
which statement is wrong,必須找出與文章意思不符的選項。
關鍵單字與片語
variety:種類、品種orchid:蘭花exotic:異國的、外來的orchid fever:蘭花熱、蘭花狂熱plant collector:植物採集者gain popularity:逐漸流行occupation:職業bridge the gap between A and B:彌補 A 與 B 之間的落差supply and demand:供給與需求lucrative:有利可圖的、賺錢的gig:工作、差事,屬於較口語的用法intrepid:勇敢無畏的fraught with risks:充滿風險elusive:難以尋獲的、難以捉摸的tropical diseases:熱帶疾病epidemic disease:流行性疾病
解題方法
先找出文章中與各選項對應的關鍵句。
第一段指出:
“The so-called ‘orchid fever’ began in the 19th century when British plant collector William Swainson sent a box of orchids back to England from Brazil.”
翻譯:所謂的「蘭花熱」始於 19 世紀,當時英國植物採集家 William Swainson 從巴西將一箱蘭花送回英國。
第二段指出:
“Orchid collecting soon gained popularity as a hobby for the wealthy, creating a need for the occupation of ‘orchid hunter’ to bridge the gap between supply and demand.”
翻譯:蘭花採集很快成為有錢人的嗜好,因而產生了「蘭花獵人」這種職業,以彌補供給與需求之間的落差。
接著又說:
“It was a lucrative gig for the truly intrepid, and one fraught with risks.”
翻譯:對真正勇敢無畏的人而言,這是一份有利可圖、但充滿風險的工作。
因此,A 至 D 都能由文章內容直接定位或合理推知;E 則誤解了 orchid fever 的意思。
選項分析
(A) The British probably were those of the first among Europeans to know the existence of orchid.
英國人很可能是最早知道蘭花存在的歐洲人之一。
本選項可由文章第一段合理推知。文章特別提到英國植物採集家 Swainson 從巴西把蘭花帶回英國,並說英國在 19 世紀開始出現「蘭花熱」。這表示英國人是較早接觸並熱衷於蘭花的歐洲人。
嚴格而言,文章沒有明確比較英國與其他歐洲國家,因此 probably 是根據文章情境所作的合理推論,但不是本題要找的錯誤敘述。
(B) Looking for new orchids was once one of the ways to make a fortune.
第 Composition 題20 分
The 18th century British thinker Edmund Burke once commented on the benefits of opposition:
“He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and sharpens our skill. Our antagonist is our helper.”
In your view, to what extent can we benefit from opposition to our ideas or opinions? Write an essay of about 150 to 200 words that states your views on the benefits of opposition.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題測驗的是英文作文的「立場論述」能力,核心問題是:反對意見能在多大程度上幫助我們修正、深化自己的思想。
題幹中的關鍵觀念包括:
- opposition:反對、異議、對立意見
- idea or opinion:想法或意見
- benefit from:從……獲益
- to what extent:在多大程度上
- antagonist:對手、敵手;此處泛指持反對立場的人
- strengthen our nerves:增強我們的膽識與心理承受力
- sharpen our skill:磨練並提升我們的能力
- helper:幫助者
題幹引文:
“He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and sharpens our skill. Our antagonist is our helper.”
翻譯為:
「與我們交鋒的人,會增強我們的膽識並磨練我們的能力。我們的對手就是我們的幫助者。」
這句話並非主張所有反對者都一定有益,而是指出:有理性、有內容的反對意見,能迫使我們檢驗證據、澄清邏輯,進而使觀點更成熟。
文法與語意重點
- to what extent can we benefit from opposition...?
to what extent 意為「在多大程度上」,要求考生表達程度,而非只回答「有益」或「無益」。文章最好呈現有條件的立場,例如:
Opposition is beneficial to a great extent, provided that it is reasonable and constructive.
意思是:「只要反對意見合理且具建設性,反對意見在很大程度上是有益的。」
- benefit from + 名詞
benefit from 表示「從某事中獲益」,不可只寫成 benefit opposition。例如:
We can benefit from constructive criticism.
意為:「我們可以從建設性的批評中獲益。」
- He that wrestles with us
he that 是較古典的用法,相當於 the person who,意思是「那個與我們交鋒的人」。that 在此引導關係子句。
- strengthens 與 sharpens
主詞是單數的 He,因此動詞使用第三人稱單數:
strengthens:增強sharpens:使更敏銳、磨練
- opposition 的語意判斷
opposition 不只代表敵意或阻撓,也可指理性的質疑、不同觀點與建設性批評。作文應區分:
- constructive opposition:建設性的反對
- personal attacks:人身攻擊
- blind opposition:盲目的反對
解題方法
本題適合採用「有限度支持」的論述架構:
- 開頭提出立場:承認反對意見具有價值,但必須建立在理性與尊重上。
- 第一段理由:檢驗想法
反對者會指出論點中的漏洞,迫使我們重新確認證據與推理。 - 第二段理由:促進成長
面對異議時,我們必須學習清楚表達、耐心溝通,也能培養抗壓性。 - 第三段限制:並非所有反對都有益
缺乏證據的人身攻擊只會造成衝突,不能真正改善思想。 - 結論重申:反對意見的價值取決於內容與態度;成熟的人會把異議轉化為進步的力量。
作文必須直接回答 to what extent,因此不能只羅列反對意見的好處,還要交代適用條件與限制。
參考作文
Edmund Burke’s statement is largely true, because opposition can make our ideas stronger and our minds more mature. When people disagree with us, they may point out weaknesses that we have failed to notice. Their questions force us to examine our evidence, clarify our reasoning, and revise our conclusions when necessary. In this sense, opposition acts like a test: an idea that survives serious criticism is more reliable than one that has never been challenged.