慈濟大學 115 年 《英文》
第 1 題2 分
Wearing protective gloves when handling harsh chemicals in scientific experiments is to _____ your nails from potential staining and damage.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 單字詞義辨識
- 動詞與介系詞的固定搭配
- 依語境判斷「保護指甲免受化學品傷害」的正確動詞
句型為:
Wearing protective gloves ... is to _____ your nails from potential staining and damage.
其中 is to + 原形動詞 表示「目的是……」,空格須填入能表達「保護」意義的原形動詞。
關鍵搭配為:
shield A from B
保護 A 免於 B;使 A 避免受到 B 的傷害
因此,shield your nails from potential staining and damage 意為「保護你的指甲免於可能的染色與損傷」。
解題方法
先抓句意與搭配:
- Wearing protective gloves:戴防護手套
- when handling harsh chemicals:處理強烈化學品時
- protect your nails:保護你的指甲
- from potential staining and damage:免於可能的染色與損傷
整句明確是在說,戴手套的目的,是避免指甲受到化學物質造成的變色與損害。四個選項中,只有 shield 能與 from 搭配,且符合「保護」的語意。
題幹定位句:
Wearing protective gloves when handling harsh chemicals in scientific experiments is to shield your nails from potential staining and damage.
翻譯:
在科學實驗中處理強烈化學品時戴防護手套,是為了保護你的指甲免於可能的染色與損傷。
選項分析
(A) consume
consume 意為「消耗、吃喝、耗用」。
常見用法:
- consume food:食用食物
- consume energy:消耗能量
- consume resources:耗用資源
若填入句中:
is to consume your nails from potential staining and damage
會變成「消耗你的指甲免於染色與損傷」,語意不通;consume 也不能表達「保護 A 免於 B」。
因此錯誤。
(B) preside
preside 意為「主持、掌管」,通常搭配介系詞 over:
preside over a meeting
主持會議
preside over an organization
主持或掌管組織
若填入句中:
第 2 題2 分
Copenhagen’s cycle network is different because the bike paths are built into the city’s infrastructure, not added later as an _____.
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核心觀念
本題考的是「語意判斷」與固定搭配。句意指出:哥本哈根的自行車道從一開始就融入城市基礎建設,而不是事後才補上的附加設施。
關鍵片語為:
- be built into:被納入、建置於……之中
- infrastructure:基礎建設
- added later:後來才添加
- as an afterthought:事後才想到而補上的事物;臨時追加的設計
句中使用 an,表示空格必須填入以母音音素開頭的可數名詞。四個選項皆符合冠詞形式,但只有 afterthought 符合上下文語意。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句是:
Copenhagen’s cycle network is different because the bike paths are built into the city’s infrastructure, not added later as an _____.
翻譯為:
哥本哈根的自行車路網之所以不同,是因為自行車道被納入城市的基礎建設之中,而不是後來才以一項事後追加的設施加上去。
前半句的 built into 與後半句的 not added later 形成對比:
- 一開始即納入整體規劃
- 不是事後才補救或追加
因此空格需要填入表示「事後才想到、事後追加」的名詞,答案為 afterthought。
選項分析
(A) afterthought
afterthought 為名詞,意為「事後才想到的事物」、「事後追加的東西」。
固定用法 as an afterthought 表示「把某事當成事後才補上的附加項目」。放入句中後:
not added later as an afterthought
第 3 題2 分
The patient’s symptoms were so _____ that the diagnostic team had difficulty pinpointing the underlying autoimmune disorder.
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核心觀念
本題考查「上下文語意判斷」與形容詞字義辨析。
句型為:
The patient’s symptoms were so _____ that the diagnostic team had difficulty pinpointing the underlying autoimmune disorder.
其中 so + 形容詞 + that + 結果子句 表示「如此……以致於……」。後半句指出診斷團隊難以確定潛在的自體免疫疾病,因此前面的症狀應具有「模糊、不明確、難以界定」的特徵。
關鍵片語:
- patient’s symptoms:病人的症狀
- diagnostic team:診斷團隊
- have difficulty V-ing:做某事有困難
- pinpoint:精確找出、準確定位
- underlying:潛在的、根本的
- autoimmune disorder:自體免疫疾病
題幹定位與翻譯
The patient’s symptoms were so _____ that the diagnostic team had difficulty pinpointing the underlying autoimmune disorder.
翻譯為:
病人的症狀如此__,以致於診斷團隊難以精確找出潛在的自體免疫疾病。
「難以精確找出疾病」直接暗示症狀表現不夠明確,因此空格應填入表示「模糊、朦朧、不明確」的 nebulous。
解題方法
先抓結果關係:
若症狀是清楚、明顯的,診斷通常較容易;若症狀模糊、界線不清,便會增加鑑別診斷的難度。因此答案必須與「unclear、vague、ambiguous」同義。
nebulous 的核心意思是「朦朧的、模糊的、不明確的」,可形容概念、計畫、問題,也可形容症狀或臨床表現不具明確特徵,完全符合本句語意。
選項分析
(A) manifest
manifest 作形容詞表示「明顯的、顯而易見的」,也可表示疾病或症狀已經明確呈現。
第 4 題2 分
To _____ the spread of the avian flu, the government implemented strict quarantine measures at all borders.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 動詞的語意辨析。
to + 原形動詞的不定詞用法。- 依據上下文判斷政府措施的目的。
題幹中的關鍵語意是政府在邊境實施嚴格的檢疫措施,目的應是「遏止、縮小禽流感的傳播」,因此答案為 curtail。
題幹定位與翻譯
To _____ the spread of the avian flu, the government implemented strict quarantine measures at all borders.
翻譯:
為了遏止禽流感的傳播,政府在所有邊境實施嚴格的檢疫措施。
To _____ 位於句首,表示目的,相當於「為了……」。政府採取嚴格檢疫措施,合理目的應是減少疾病擴散,而非促進或加速擴散。
解題方法
先判斷句型:
To + 原形動詞 + 受詞
四個選項皆可接在 to 後面,文法形式均成立,因此本題不能只靠文法排除選項,必須進行語意判斷。
關鍵受詞是:
the spread of the avian flu
禽流感的傳播
政府在邊境設置嚴格檢疫措施,通常是為了「限制傳播、控制疫情」,因此選擇具有「縮減、遏止」含義的 curtail。
選項分析
(A) bolster
bolster 表示「支持、強化、增強」。
例如:
bolster the economy
提振經濟
若填入題幹:
To bolster the spread of the avian flu
意思變成「為了強化禽流感的傳播」,與政府實施嚴格檢疫措施的目的相反,因此錯誤。
(B) foster
foster 表示「促進、培養、助長」,通常用於發展、成長或良好關係。
例如:
第 5 題2 分
Somewhat counterintuitively, chatbots may excel at solving difficult diagnostic _____, but they often struggle with basic health decisions.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與「語境判斷」,重點是根據句意選出能與 solving difficult diagnostic 搭配的名詞。
句型結構如下:
- excel at + V-ing:擅長做某事
- struggle with + 名詞:在某事上感到吃力
- diagnostic quandaries:診斷上的困境、棘手難題
題幹描述聊天機器人的能力具有反直覺性:它們也許擅長解決困難的診斷難題,卻常在基本健康決策上表現不佳。因此空格必須填入表示「困境、難題」的名詞。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句是:
chatbots may excel at solving difficult diagnostic _____, but they often struggle with basic health decisions.
翻譯為:
聊天機器人或許擅長解決困難的診斷難題,但它們常在基本的健康決策上感到吃力。
空格前有 solving difficult diagnostic,需要接一個可被「解決」的複數名詞。語意上,診斷工作可能涉及複雜、難以判斷的醫療困境,因此 quandaries 最符合句意。
完整句子為:
Somewhat counterintuitively, chatbots may excel at solving difficult diagnostic quandaries, but they often struggle with basic health decisions.
選項分析
(A) quandaries
quandary 意為「困境、難題、兩難局面」,複數形為 quandaries。
diagnostic quandaries 指「診斷上的棘手難題」,可由聊天機器人加以分析與解決,符合 solving 的語意搭配。因此本選項正確。
(B) expeditions
第 6 題2 分
At least 10 youth sports leagues have _____ for replacing grass fields with plastic turf at schools and parks to give their athletes more chances to play, rain or shine.
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核心觀念
本題考兩個重點:
- 動詞與介系詞的固定搭配
- lobby for + 名詞/動名詞:為支持某事而遊說、奔走爭取
- 例:lobby for replacing grass fields with plastic turf
= 遊說支持以塑膠人工草皮取代天然草地
- 現在完成式
- 題幹中的 have _____ 形成現在完成式,空格須填過去分詞。
- 四個選項形式上都可作過去分詞,因此最後必須依照語意與搭配判斷。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句是:
At least 10 youth sports leagues have _____ for replacing grass fields with plastic turf at schools and parks to give their athletes more chances to play, rain or shine.
翻譯:
至少有十個青少年運動聯盟已經為了在學校與公園以塑膠人工草皮取代草地而遊說,以便讓他們的運動員無論晴雨都能有更多比賽機會。
句中「為了推動以塑膠人工草皮取代草地」表示這些運動聯盟正在向學校、公園管理單位或相關決策者提出主張並爭取支持,因此應使用 lobby for。
填入後:
At least 10 youth sports leagues have lobbied for replacing grass fields with plastic turf...
lobbied for 意為「已遊說支持……、已奔走爭取……」,語意與句意完全吻合。
選項分析
(A) disengaged
- disengage:脫離、退出、解除接合
- disengaged:已脫離的、已退出的
- 例:The player disengaged from the discussion.
= 該名選手退出討論。 - disengage for replacing 並非表示「為取代某物而遊說」,與運動聯盟積極爭取人工草皮的語意相反,因此錯誤。
(B) lobbied
第 7 題2 分
The inspector general’s report described the staffing problems at nursing homes as “_____,” noting high levels of burnout, frequent employee turnover and the burdens of constantly training new employees.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「語境搭配」。句型為:
describe A as + 形容詞
將 A 描述為……
空格中的形容詞必須能概括護理之家人力問題的嚴重程度,並與後文的「高 burnout、頻繁 turnover、持續訓練新員工的負擔」相互呼應。
定位答案的關鍵句
The inspector general’s report described the staffing problems at nursing homes as “_____,” noting high levels of burnout, frequent employee turnover and the burdens of constantly training new employees.
翻譯:
監察長的報告將護理之家的人力配置問題描述為「_____」,並指出員工高度倦怠、員工頻繁離職,以及不斷訓練新員工所造成的負擔。
後文列出的三項問題都顯示人力困境規模大、影響嚴重,因此空格應填入表示「重大的、龐大的、嚴重的」形容詞。
解題方法
先觀察句意:
- nursing homes 的 staffing problems 是問題核心。
- burnout、employee turnover 與 training burden 都是負面且持續性的後果。
- 空格須填入能表示問題「規模非常大或影響非常嚴重」的形容詞。
- 四個選項中,只有 monumental 符合此語意。
選項分析
(A) monumental
monumental 意為「巨大的、重大的、極其嚴重的」,可形容規模、影響或重要性非常大的事物。
句中說明護理之家面臨高度職業倦怠、員工頻繁離職,還必須不斷訓練新進員工,這些因素共同造成巨大的管理與人力負擔。因此:
described the staffing problems as monumental
將人力問題描述為極其嚴重、規模龐大的問題
語意成立,故為正確答案。
(B) fractional
fractional 意為「部分的、微小比例的、分數的」,與 fraction「分數、部分」有關。
此字強調「只是一小部分」或「比例上的」,無法表達護理之家人力問題的嚴重性與龐大負擔。若填入句中,會與後文所列的高度倦怠、頻繁離職及持續訓練負擔相矛盾,故錯誤。
(C) sentimental
sentimental 意為「感傷的、多愁善感的、情感性的」。
它通常用來形容人、言語、電影或回憶過度訴諸情感,例如:
第 8 題2 分
A majority of people in Europe were not confused by nonmeat products that shared the same names as animal-based _____, as long as the packaging clearly labeled them as “vegan,” “plant-based” or “alternative.”
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核心觀念:語意判斷與搭配
本題考查「根據上下文判斷名詞語意」以及名詞搭配。句意指出:歐洲多數人並不會因為非肉類產品使用了與動物性食品相同的名稱而感到困惑,只要包裝清楚標示為「純素」、「植物性」或「替代品」。
空格前為 animal-based(以動物為基礎的、動物性),後面需要一個複數名詞,表示「非肉類產品所對應的動物性食品」。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
A majority of people in Europe were not confused by nonmeat products that shared the same names as animal-based _____, as long as the packaging clearly labeled them as “vegan,” “plant-based” or “alternative.”
翻譯:
歐洲多數人並不會因為非肉類產品使用了與動物性食品相同的名稱而感到困惑,只要包裝清楚標示它們是「純素」、「植物性」或「替代品」。
其中:
- nonmeat products:非肉類產品
- share the same names as ...:與……使用相同名稱
- animal-based:動物性的、以動物產品為基礎的
- as long as:只要、只要……就……
- clearly label A as B:清楚地將 A 標示為 B
- vegan:純素的;純素食品
- plant-based:植物性的、以植物為基礎的
- alternative:替代品
句中「非肉類產品」與「動物性食品」形成對照,因此空格應填入表示「對應物、相同類型的另一方」的名詞。
解題方法
先看語意關係:
非肉類產品之所以可能造成混淆,是因為它們使用了與動物性產品相同的名稱。例如,植物肉可能使用與傳統肉品相同或相近的產品名稱。因此空格應表示「相對應的產品」或「對應物」。
counterparts 的意思是「相對應的人或事物、對應物」,可自然形成:
animal-based counterparts
動物性對應產品
故選 (C) counterparts。
選項分析
(A) obligations
- obligation:義務、責任
- obligations:義務、責任(複數)
第 9 題2 分
The study was criticized for relying on _____ evidence rather than rigorous experimentation.
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核心觀念
本題考「形容詞修飾名詞」以及字義與語境判斷。
句型為:
rely on + 形容詞 + evidence rather than + 名詞片語
空格須填入能修飾 evidence(證據) 的形容詞,並且與 rigorous experimentation(嚴謹的實驗) 形成語意對比。
題幹關鍵為:
The study was criticized for relying on _____ evidence rather than rigorous experimentation.
翻譯:
這項研究因為仰賴 _____ 證據,而不是嚴謹的實驗,因此受到批評。
「依靠個人軼聞、個案故事等證據,卻沒有進行嚴謹實驗」是最自然的批評語境,因此答案為 anecdotal。
解題方法
先觀察句意:
- 研究受到批評,表示研究方法不夠可靠。
- rigorous experimentation 指有系統、嚴謹控制的實驗。
- 與嚴謹實驗相對的,是缺乏系統驗證、僅憑個人經驗或零星案例的證據。
- anecdotal evidence 正是「軼事證據、個人經驗證據」,符合整句批評意味。
完整句子為:
The study was criticized for relying on anecdotal evidence rather than rigorous experimentation.
翻譯:
這項研究因為依賴軼事證據,而非嚴謹的實驗,因此受到批評。
選項分析
(A) empirical
empirical:以觀察或實驗為基礎的;實證的。
empirical evidence 是常見搭配,指透過觀察、測量或實驗取得的實證證據。這類證據本身通常正是科學研究所重視的證據,與 rigorous experimentation 並非明確對立。
填入後:
relying on empirical evidence rather than rigorous experimentation
語意變成「依賴實證證據,而不是嚴謹實驗」,兩者概念高度接近,對比關係不自然。因此本題不選 A。
(B) conclusive
conclusive:決定性的;令人信服而足以定案的。
conclusive evidence 指足以證明某件事、可以下定論的證據。
題幹是在批評研究證據不夠嚴謹,若說研究依賴「決定性證據」而非嚴謹實驗,語意不合。conclusive 表示證據很有力,不能表達「僅憑個人故事或零星經驗」的意思。因此 B 錯誤。
(C) decisive
decisive:決定性的;關鍵性的。
第 10 題2 分
The company’s success is largely _____ to its ability to adapt to changing markets.
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核心觀念
本題考查「形容詞與介系詞的固定搭配」及上下文語意判斷。
句型為:
A be attributable to B
A 可歸因於 B;A 是由 B 所造成
題幹中的主詞為 The company’s success,空格後接 to its ability to adapt to changing markets,表示「公司的成功主要是因為它適應市場變化的能力」。
題幹定位與翻譯
The company’s success is largely _____ to its ability to adapt to changing markets.
翻譯:
這家公司的成功,很大程度上可歸因於它適應不斷變化市場的能力。
其中:
- company’s success:公司的成功
- largely:大部分地;很大程度上
- attributable to:可歸因於
- ability to adapt:適應的能力
- adapt to:適應……
- changing markets:不斷變化的市場
句意明確指出「成功」的原因是「適應市場的能力」,因此空格應填入表示「歸因於」的 attributable。
解題方法
先觀察空格前後的結構:
success is largely _____ to ...
空格後已有介系詞 to,可優先聯想到固定搭配 be attributable to。
代入後:
The company’s success is largely attributable to its ability to adapt to changing markets.
語意為:
公司的成功主要歸因於其適應市場變化的能力。
文法與語意皆完整,因此選 (B)。
選項分析
(A) immune
immune 意為「免疫的;不受影響的」,常用搭配為:
be immune to + 名詞
對……免疫;不受……影響
例如:
Children are not immune to criticism.
兒童也不是不受批評影響。
若填入題幹:
第 11 題2 分
Jensen Huang leads Nvidia to the forefront of AI innovation, and his career reaches its _____ as the company transforms the future of technology.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「同義字辨析」與「語境判斷」,重點在於根據句意選出表示「巔峰、最高點」的名詞。
句中關鍵片語為:
- reach one’s zenith:達到某人的巔峰、全盛時期
- at the forefront of:處於……的最前端、領先地位
- AI innovation:人工智慧創新
- transform the future of technology:改變科技的未來
題幹原文:
Jensen Huang leads Nvidia to the forefront of AI innovation, and his career reaches its _____ as the company transforms the future of technology.
翻譯:
黃仁勳帶領 Nvidia 站上人工智慧創新的最前端;隨著公司改變科技的未來,他的職業生涯也達到巔峰。
「Nvidia 站上 AI 創新的領先地位」以及「公司改變科技的未來」都是正面、成功的語境,因此空格應填「巔峰、最高點」。
解題方法
空格位於所有格 his career reaches its _____ 之後,需要填入一個名詞,表示他的職業生涯所達到的階段或位置。
句意邏輯如下:
- Jensen Huang 帶領 Nvidia 在 AI 領域取得領先地位。
- Nvidia 對科技未來產生重大影響。
- 因此,他的職業生涯達到「最高點」。
英文中表示「最高點、巔峰」的正式名詞是 zenith,常見搭配為:
reach one’s zenith
達到某人的巔峰
因此正確答案為 (C) zenith。
選項分析
(A) terminus
terminus 是名詞,意為「終點、末端、終站」。
例如:
The bus terminus is near the train station.
公車終站位於火車站附近。
第 12 題2 分
For some people, the interviews proved _____; they were able to express long-repressed anger.
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核心觀念
本題考「形容詞的語意判斷」與固定搭配。
句型為:
主詞 + prove + 形容詞
此處 prove 是連綴動詞,意思是「證明是、結果是」,後面接形容詞補充說明主詞的性質。
題幹中的:
the interviews proved _____
意思是「這些訪談結果證明是/具有某種效果」。
後半句:
they were able to express long-repressed anger
表示「他們能夠表達長期壓抑的憤怒」。能幫助人表達長期壓抑情緒的訪談,具有心理治療效果,因此應填 therapeutic。
解題方法
先抓語意線索:
For some people, the interviews proved therapeutic; they were able to express long-repressed anger.
對某些人而言,這些訪談證明具有治療效果;他們得以表達長期壓抑的憤怒。
分號後面的句子進一步解釋前句。因為訪談使受訪者能表達長期壓抑的憤怒,代表訪談對心理狀態產生了療癒或治療作用。
因此空格應填表示「有治療作用的」的形容詞:
therapeutic = 治療性的;有療效的;有助於心理療癒的
完整句意為:
對某些人而言,這些訪談具有治療效果;他們得以表達長期壓抑的憤怒。
選項分析
(A) administrative
administrative 意為「行政的;管理上的」。
例如:
- administrative work:行政工作
- administrative duties:行政職務
「訪談證明是行政性的」與後面的「表達長期壓抑的憤怒」沒有語意關聯,因此不合句意。
(B) artificial
artificial 意為「人工的;人造的;不自然的;矯揉造作的」。
例如:
第 13 題2 分
The author challenges the _____ belief that economic growth always leads to social progress.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查「字義辨析」與「語境搭配」。
句型為:
The author challenges the _____ belief that economic growth always leads to social progress.
其中:
- challenge + 名詞:對某種觀念、說法或信念提出質疑、挑戰。
- belief that + 子句:相信……的信念。
- 空格後的 belief 需要搭配一個能表示「根深蒂固、長久存在」的形容詞,才能符合作者「挑戰既有信念」的語意。
題幹中的關鍵定位句為:
The author challenges the entrenched belief that economic growth always leads to social progress.
作者挑戰了「經濟成長總是會帶來社會進步」這個根深蒂固的信念。
因此,正確答案為 entrenched。
解題方法
先判斷句子的邏輯關係:
- 主詞 The author 表示「作者」。
- 動詞 challenges 表示「挑戰、質疑」。
- 受詞為 the _____ belief,表示「某種……的信念」。
- 作者既然要挑戰某個信念,這個信念通常是社會上長久流傳、根深蒂固、被廣泛接受的觀念。
entrenched 的意思是「根深蒂固的、牢固確立的、難以改變的」,最符合此語境。
完整句意為:
作者挑戰了「經濟成長總是會帶來社會進步」這個根深蒂固的信念。
關鍵單字與片語
- author:作者
- challenge:挑戰;質疑
- belief:信念;看法;觀念
- economic growth:經濟成長
- always:總是
- lead to:導致;帶來
- social progress:社會進步
- tentative:暫定的;試探性的;不確定的
- transient:短暫的;轉瞬即逝的
- negligible:微不足道的;可忽略的
- entrenched:根深蒂固的;牢固確立的
常見搭配包括:
- an entrenched belief:根深蒂固的信念
- an entrenched idea:根深蒂固的想法
- an entrenched attitude:根深蒂固的態度
- challenge a belief:質疑某種信念
- lead to social progress:帶來社會進步
選項分析
(A) tentative
tentative 意為「暫定的、試探性的、不確定的」。
例如:
- a tentative plan:暫定計畫
- a tentative conclusion:暫時性的結論
- a tentative agreement:臨時協議
tentative belief 可理解為「尚未確定的信念」,但句中作者挑戰的是一種被長期接受的觀念。若該信念只是暫定或不確定,便與 challenge 所暗示的「挑戰既有觀念」不相稱,因此不合語境。
(B) transient
transient 意為「短暫的、暫時的」。
例如:
第 14 題2 分
The Johns Hopkins team has identified a genetic change, or _____, that can be measured in the blood of colon cancer patients.
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核心觀念
本題考「醫學相關單字的語意判斷」,並結合句中同位語與上下文線索。
題幹中的關鍵結構為:
a genetic change, or _____, that can be measured in the blood
一種基因變化,也就是可以在血液中測量的 _____
其中 or _____ 是同位語,後面的名詞用來進一步說明前面的 a genetic change。因此空格應填入「可作為疾病檢測指標的物質或生物特徵」。
biomarker 意為「生物標記、生物標誌」,指可在血液、組織或其他檢體中測量,用來協助判斷疾病、病程或治療反應的生物特徵,符合題幹語意。
解題方法
先抓住兩個重要線索:
- genetic change:基因變化。
- measured in the blood of colon cancer patients:可在結腸癌患者的血液中測量。
句意是:約翰霍普金斯團隊發現了一種基因變化,這種變化可以透過血液檢測,協助辨識結腸癌患者。
能夠被測量並作為疾病判斷依據的生物特徵,就是 biomarker。此字不一定指單一物質,也可指基因變異、蛋白質或其他可測量的生理訊號。
完整句意:
The Johns Hopkins team has identified a genetic change, or biomarker, that can be measured in the blood of colon cancer patients.
約翰霍普金斯團隊已辨識出一種基因變化,也就是一種可以在結腸癌患者血液中測量的生物標記。
文法與語意重點
1. 同位語:a genetic change, or biomarker
句中的 or biomarker 是同位語,用來補充說明 a genetic change。
結構為:
名詞 A, or 名詞 B, ...
意思是「名詞 A,也就是名詞 B」。
因此,空格必須填入能解釋或重新命名 a genetic change 的名詞。biomarker 在此指可被測量、可作為疾病偵測依據的生物標記。
2. 關係代名詞 that
that can be measured in the blood ...
that 引導關係子句,修飾前面的 a genetic change, or biomarker。
第 15 題2 分
Looking to recover from the taxing effects of urban pollution, we had to move to a house in a/an _____ area, which is pleasant, clean, and healthy to live in.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念:字義辨析與語境搭配
本題考查四個形容詞的語意差異,尤其是描述「居住環境」時,應選擇能同時表達「宜人、乾淨、適合健康居住」的字。
題幹明確提供線索:
“a/an _____ area, which is pleasant, clean, and healthy to live in”
意為:「一個宜人、乾淨且適合健康居住的地區。」
根據 Cambridge English Dictionary,salubrious 可用來形容「宜人的、乾淨的、有益健康的,適合居住的地方」,與題幹後面的定義完全吻合。
解題方法
先判斷空格所需的詞性。空格位於冠詞與名詞 area 之間,因此需要填入形容詞:
接著利用語境判斷正負含義:
- recover from the taxing effects of urban pollution:想從都市污染造成的耗損影響中恢復。
- 因此搬去的地方應該是有益健康、適合居住的環境。
- 後面的 pleasant, clean, and healthy to live in 更直接解釋了答案的意思。
完整句意為:
「為了從都市污染造成的耗損影響中恢復,我們不得不搬到一個宜人、乾淨且適合健康居住的地區。」
因此選 salubrious。
選項分析
(A) salubrious 宜人的;有益健康的;適合居住的
正確。salubrious 常用來形容氣候、環境、地區或居住地,表示環境舒適、清潔且有助於健康。
常見搭配包括:
- a salubrious climate:有益健康的氣候
- a salubrious environment:健康宜人的環境
- a salubrious area:適合居住的地區
本題的 area 與 pleasant, clean, and healthy to live in 正是 salubrious 的典型使用情境。
(B) salutary 有益的;有裨益的;具有警惕作用的
錯誤。salutary 也有「有益健康的、產生良好效果的」之意,與 salubrious 字形相近,容易混淆;但它通常用來描述某種經驗、教訓、影響或效果,而不是直接描述適合居住的場所。
常見搭配包括:
- a salutary lesson:具有警惕作用的教訓
- a salutary experience:有益的經驗
- a salutary effect:有益的效果
第 16 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Nearly 70% of American adults are overweight; over a third are obese. Grocery shops contain aisle after aisle of salty crisps, sugary drinks and processed snacks. Cues to eat unhealthily abound. But if this is your 16 American diet, argues Dan Buettner in “The Blue Zones: American Kitchen,” a work of anthropological reporting 17 a cookbook, you are looking in the wrong places. Mr. Buettner studies and writes about “Blue Zones,” areas where people tend to live long, healthy lives, with unusually high numbers of 18 and long life expectancy. In this book, he finds the principles of Blue Zone diets—very little meat and processed foods, with most calories coming from whole grains, greens, tubers, nuts and beans—in the cuisines of these demographic groups: Native Americans, the Latinos, and Asian-Americans. The recipes that Mr. Buettner presents do not necessarily represent 19 most people in these groups actually eat. For a variety of reasons, for instance, Native Americans and Latinos suffer higher obesity rates than non-Hispanic whites—which would probably not be the case if they all ate 20 this book recommends. But, historically, each of these groups had healthy cuisines.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與「形容詞修飾名詞」:
if this is your archetypal American diet, ... you are looking in the wrong places.
空格後接名詞片語 American diet,需要填入能表達「典型的、代表性的」形容詞,說明這種飲食是一般人心目中典型的美式飲食。
定位答案的句子
原文:
But if this is your archetypal American diet, argues Dan Buettner in “The Blue Zones: American Kitchen,” ... you are looking in the wrong places.
翻譯:
但是,Dan Buettner 在《藍色地帶:美國廚房》中主張,如果這就是你所認為的典型美式飲食,那麼你找錯地方了。
前文描述美國常見的高鹽、高糖、過度加工食品;後文則指出藍色地帶飲食以全穀類、蔬菜、塊莖、堅果與豆類為主。因此,此處需要「典型、代表性的」語意。
解題方法
先看空格所在結構:
- your:所有格限定詞
- _____ American diet:形容詞修飾名詞
- American diet:美式飲食
再將四個選項代入,判斷哪一個能表示「典型的美式飲食」:
- archetypal American diet:典型的美式飲食,語意通順。
- 其餘選項不是語意不合,就是與 diet 的搭配不成立。
選項分析
(A) anomalous
- 意義:異常的、不尋常的、與常態不符的。
- an anomalous American diet 表示「異常的美式飲食」。
- 本文討論的是美國人普遍接觸、常見的飲食型態,並以此與健康的藍色地帶飲食比較,並非強調這種飲食是例外或反常,因此不合文意。
(B) archipelagic
- 意義:群島的、群島構成的。
- 例如:an archipelagic nation 意為「群島國家」。
- 此字描述地理形態,與 American diet 的飲食概念無關,不能表達「典型的美式飲食」。
(C) archaic
- 意義:古老的、過時的、已不再使用的。
- an archaic American diet 會變成「古老或過時的美式飲食」。
- 文章並未說前文所描述的高鹽、高糖、加工食品是過時飲食;相反地,這正是現代美國飲食環境的描述,因此語意不符。
第 17 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Nearly 70% of American adults are overweight; over a third are obese. Grocery shops contain aisle after aisle of salty crisps, sugary drinks and processed snacks. Cues to eat unhealthily abound. But if this is your 16 American diet, argues Dan Buettner in “The Blue Zones: American Kitchen,” a work of anthropological reporting 17 a cookbook, you are looking in the wrong places. Mr. Buettner studies and writes about “Blue Zones,” areas where people tend to live long, healthy lives, with unusually high numbers of 18 and long life expectancy. In this book, he finds the principles of Blue Zone diets—very little meat and processed foods, with most calories coming from whole grains, greens, tubers, nuts and beans—in the cuisines of these demographic groups: Native Americans, the Latinos, and Asian-Americans. The recipes that Mr. Buettner presents do not necessarily represent 19 most people in these groups actually eat. For a variety of reasons, for instance, Native Americans and Latinos suffer higher obesity rates than non-Hispanic whites—which would probably not be the case if they all ate 20 this book recommends. But, historically, each of these groups had healthy cuisines.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「分詞片語」與片語 pose as + 身分/角色 的用法。
題幹中的完整結構為:
a work of anthropological reporting posing as a cookbook
其中:
- posing 是現在分詞,形成分詞片語 posing as a cookbook,修飾前面的名詞 a work。
- pose as + 名詞 表示「冒充、假裝是、以……的面貌出現」。
- a work of anthropological reporting posing as a cookbook 意為「一本以食譜形式呈現的人類學報導作品」。
解題方法
先觀察空格前後的結構:
a work of anthropological reporting _____ a cookbook
空格前已有完整的名詞片語 a work of anthropological reporting,空格後接名詞 a cookbook。此處需要一個分詞片語補充說明這本書的性質,因此應使用:
posing as a cookbook
代入後:
Mr. Buettner in “The Blue Zones: American Kitchen,” a work of anthropological reporting posing as a cookbook, you are looking in the wrong places.
依語意可理解為:這本書表面上像食譜,實際上是以人類學報導為核心的作品。
題幹定位句:
But if this is your American diet, argues Dan Buettner in “The Blue Zones: American Kitchen,” a work of anthropological reporting posing as a cookbook, you are looking in the wrong places.
翻譯:
但人類學報導作品《藍色地帶:美國廚房》雖以食譜的形式呈現,丹・布特納主張,如果這就是你的美式飲食,那麼你找錯地方了。
選項分析
(A) posing
錯誤。pose 作為動詞表示「擺姿勢、冒充」,若要表達「冒充食譜」,必須使用 pose as:
pose as a cookbook
第 18 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Nearly 70% of American adults are overweight; over a third are obese. Grocery shops contain aisle after aisle of salty crisps, sugary drinks and processed snacks. Cues to eat unhealthily abound. But if this is your 16 American diet, argues Dan Buettner in “The Blue Zones: American Kitchen,” a work of anthropological reporting 17 a cookbook, you are looking in the wrong places. Mr. Buettner studies and writes about “Blue Zones,” areas where people tend to live long, healthy lives, with unusually high numbers of 18 and long life expectancy. In this book, he finds the principles of Blue Zone diets—very little meat and processed foods, with most calories coming from whole grains, greens, tubers, nuts and beans—in the cuisines of these demographic groups: Native Americans, the Latinos, and Asian-Americans. The recipes that Mr. Buettner presents do not necessarily represent 19 most people in these groups actually eat. For a variety of reasons, for instance, Native Americans and Latinos suffer higher obesity rates than non-Hispanic whites—which would probably not be the case if they all ate 20 this book recommends. But, historically, each of these groups had healthy cuisines.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查:
- 字義辨識:判斷四個以
-tarian結尾的名詞所代表的人。 - 語意搭配:依據上下文選出與「長壽、健康生活」相關的名詞。
- 文法結構:
numbers of + 可數名詞複數,空格須填入複數可數名詞。
題幹指出,Blue Zones 是「人們傾向於活得長久且健康的地區」,並且有特別多的某類人,以及較長的平均壽命。因此空格應填「百歲人瑞」。
解題方法
定位關鍵句:
Mr. Buettner studies and writes about “Blue Zones,” areas where people tend to live long, healthy lives, with unusually high numbers of 18 and long life expectancy.
翻譯:
Buettner 研究並撰寫有關「藍色區域」的內容;這些地區的人往往活得長久而健康,當地有異常多的 18,而且平均壽命很長。
句中 with unusually high numbers of ___ 表示「有異常多的……」。後方又接著提到 long life expectancy(很長的平均壽命),因此空格應是與長壽人口有關的複數名詞。
centenarian 指「年滿一百歲的人、百歲人瑞」,複數為 centenarians,正好符合:
unusually high numbers of centenarians and long life expectancy
異常多的百歲人瑞,以及很長的平均壽命
選項分析
(A) centenarians
centenarian 是「百歲人瑞、年滿一百歲的人」,centenarians 是複數形。
- 符合
numbers of + 複數可數名詞的文法。 - 符合 Blue Zones「長壽、健康」的文章主旨。
- 與
long life expectancy語意一致。
因此為正確答案。
(B) adolescents
adolescent 是「青少年」,複數為 adolescents。
第 19 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Nearly 70% of American adults are overweight; over a third are obese. Grocery shops contain aisle after aisle of salty crisps, sugary drinks and processed snacks. Cues to eat unhealthily abound. But if this is your 16 American diet, argues Dan Buettner in “The Blue Zones: American Kitchen,” a work of anthropological reporting 17 a cookbook, you are looking in the wrong places. Mr. Buettner studies and writes about “Blue Zones,” areas where people tend to live long, healthy lives, with unusually high numbers of 18 and long life expectancy. In this book, he finds the principles of Blue Zone diets—very little meat and processed foods, with most calories coming from whole grains, greens, tubers, nuts and beans—in the cuisines of these demographic groups: Native Americans, the Latinos, and Asian-Americans. The recipes that Mr. Buettner presents do not necessarily represent 19 most people in these groups actually eat. For a variety of reasons, for instance, Native Americans and Latinos suffer higher obesity rates than non-Hispanic whites—which would probably not be the case if they all ate 20 this book recommends. But, historically, each of these groups had healthy cuisines.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 名詞子句(noun clause)
- what 引導的融合關係代名詞子句(fused relative clause)
- 依據上下文判斷「食譜代表這些族群實際吃的內容」的語意。
句型為:
The recipes represent what most people in these groups actually eat.
其中:
- what = 「……的事物/內容」
- what most people in these groups actually eat = 「這些族群大多數人實際吃的食物」
- 整個 what 名詞子句作為動詞 represent 的受詞。
解題方法
先定位空格所在句:
The recipes that Mr. Buettner presents do not necessarily represent 19 most people in these groups actually eat.
翻譯:
Buettner 先生所提出的食譜,不一定代表這些族群中大多數人實際吃的食物。
空格後方的結構是:
most people in these groups actually eat
此處需要一個字,代表 eat 的受詞。因為英文中 eat 通常需要表示「吃什麼」的受詞,而 what 可表示「所……的事物」,形成:
what + 主詞 + 動詞
what most people actually eat
這些人實際吃的東西
因此選擇 what。
完整句意為:
The recipes that Mr. Buettner presents do not necessarily represent what most people in these groups actually eat.
文法結構分析
本句可拆解如下:
- The recipes:主詞,「這些食譜」
- that Mr. Buettner presents:關係子句,修飾 recipes
- do not necessarily represent:主要動詞,「不一定代表」
- what most people in these groups actually eat:名詞子句,作 represent 的受詞
在 what 子句內:
- most people in these groups:主詞
- actually eat:動詞
- what:eat 的受詞,表示「所吃的東西」
可將其理解為:
what = the things that
what most people eat = the things that most people eat
第 20 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Nearly 70% of American adults are overweight; over a third are obese. Grocery shops contain aisle after aisle of salty crisps, sugary drinks and processed snacks. Cues to eat unhealthily abound. But if this is your 16 American diet, argues Dan Buettner in “The Blue Zones: American Kitchen,” a work of anthropological reporting 17 a cookbook, you are looking in the wrong places. Mr. Buettner studies and writes about “Blue Zones,” areas where people tend to live long, healthy lives, with unusually high numbers of 18 and long life expectancy. In this book, he finds the principles of Blue Zone diets—very little meat and processed foods, with most calories coming from whole grains, greens, tubers, nuts and beans—in the cuisines of these demographic groups: Native Americans, the Latinos, and Asian-Americans. The recipes that Mr. Buettner presents do not necessarily represent 19 most people in these groups actually eat. For a variety of reasons, for instance, Native Americans and Latinos suffer higher obesity rates than non-Hispanic whites—which would probably not be the case if they all ate 20 this book recommends. But, historically, each of these groups had healthy cuisines.
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核心觀念
本題考「as 引導方式副詞子句」的用法:
- as + S + V:按照……的方式;如同……所……
- recommend:推薦、建議
- eat as this book recommends:按照本書建議的方式飲食
句中空格位於動詞 ate 之後,後面接完整子句 this book recommends,需要一個能表示「依照……方式」的連接詞,因此選 as。
定位答案的原文與翻譯
which would probably not be the case if they all ate as this book recommends.
翻譯:
如果他們都按照本書建議的方式飲食,情況大概就不會如此。
此處的 as this book recommends 修飾 ate,表示「如同本書所建議的那樣吃」。
解題方法
先觀察空格前後的結構:
ate _____ this book recommends
空格後的 this book recommends 是完整子句:
- 主詞:this book
- 動詞:recommends
語意上,句子要表達「按照本書所建議的方式飲食」,因此使用表示「如同、按照……方式」的 as:
ate as this book recommends
完整句意為:
他們若都依照本書建議的方式吃東西,便不太可能有目前較高的肥胖率。
選項分析
(A) by
by 主要表示「藉由、透過、在……旁邊、截至……」,不能直接引導「本書所建議的方式」。
- 錯誤:ate by this book recommends
- by 後通常接名詞或動名詞,例如 by following the diet,不能在此接完整子句表達「如同」。
(B) with
with 表示「和……一起、具有、使用」,通常是介系詞,後面接名詞或代名詞。
- 錯誤:ate with this book recommends
- this book recommends 是完整子句,不能直接作為 with 的受詞;語意上也無法表達「按照本書建議的方式」。
(C) which
which 是關係代名詞,通常需要修飾前面的名詞,或在特定結構中代替明確的事物。
第 21 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Integrating Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) into the school curriculum requires a comprehensive and systematic approach rather than a stand-alone program. Effective implementation begins with 21 SEL goals with the school’s overall mission and values. Schools should adopt a clear framework that includes competencies such as self-awareness, self-management, and responsible decision-making. These competencies can then be embedded across subject areas instead of being confined to a single class.
In academic subjects, SEL can be incorporated through carefully designed activities. 22 , literature discussions can foster empathy and perspective-taking, while collaborative science experiments encourage teamwork and communication. In mathematics, teachers can promote resilience by reframing mistakes as opportunities for growth. Even brief daily practices, such as emotional check-ins or reflective writing tasks, can strengthen students’ ability to 23 their emotions and monitor their own learning.
Assessment of SEL should focus on reflection and self-evaluation rather than traditional grading. When implemented consistently, SEL 24 academic performance and improves classroom climate. Ultimately, integrating SEL into the curriculum helps schools develop not only knowledgeable learners but also emotionally intelligent and socially responsible individuals. Such an approach supports students’ long-term well-being and prepares them to make thoughtful and ethical 25 in real-world situations.
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核心觀念
本題考查克漏字中的「語意判斷」與「動名詞用法」。
題幹句型為:
Effective implementation begins with 21 SEL goals with the school’s overall mission and values.
其中 begin with + V-ing 表示「從做某事開始」,因此空格應填入動名詞。語意上,學校推動社會情緒學習(SEL)時,首先應使 SEL 目標與學校的整體使命及價值觀一致。
關鍵單字與片語
- integrate:整合、融入
- social and emotional learning(SEL):社會情緒學習
- curriculum:課程
- comprehensive:全面的
- systematic:有系統的
- stand-alone program:獨立運作的方案
- effective implementation:有效的執行/實施
- align A with B:使 A 與 B 一致、配合 A 與 B
- overall mission and values:整體使命與價值觀
- competency:能力、素養
- embed:嵌入、融入
- subject area:學科領域
解題方法
先判斷文法結構:
因此空格應填入 形式。四個選項中,只有 aligning、encountering、installing、separating 都是 形式,所以還要進一步依照語意判斷。
句中受詞為 SEL goals,介系詞片語為 with the school’s overall mission and values。最自然的搭配是:
align SEL goals with the school’s overall mission and values
意思是「使 SEL 目標與學校的整體使命及價值觀一致」。
定位答案的原文與翻譯
Effective implementation begins with aligning SEL goals with the school’s overall mission and values.
翻譯:
有效的執行始於使社會情緒學習的目標與學校的整體使命及價值觀一致。
第 22 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Integrating Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) into the school curriculum requires a comprehensive and systematic approach rather than a stand-alone program. Effective implementation begins with 21 SEL goals with the school’s overall mission and values. Schools should adopt a clear framework that includes competencies such as self-awareness, self-management, and responsible decision-making. These competencies can then be embedded across subject areas instead of being confined to a single class.
In academic subjects, SEL can be incorporated through carefully designed activities. 22 , literature discussions can foster empathy and perspective-taking, while collaborative science experiments encourage teamwork and communication. In mathematics, teachers can promote resilience by reframing mistakes as opportunities for growth. Even brief daily practices, such as emotional check-ins or reflective writing tasks, can strengthen students’ ability to 23 their emotions and monitor their own learning.
Assessment of SEL should focus on reflection and self-evaluation rather than traditional grading. When implemented consistently, SEL 24 academic performance and improves classroom climate. Ultimately, integrating SEL into the curriculum helps schools develop not only knowledgeable learners but also emotionally intelligent and socially responsible individuals. Such an approach supports students’ long-term well-being and prepares them to make thoughtful and ethical 25 in real-world situations.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 連接副詞與轉折語的語意。
- 上下文的邏輯關係。
For example表示「舉例而言」的用法。
空格前文說明:SEL(Social and Emotional Learning,社會情緒學習)可以融入各個學科,不能只限於單一課程。空格後接著列出文學、科學與數學中的具體做法,因此需要能引導「例子」的片語。
解題方法
定位空格前後的關鍵語意:
In academic subjects, SEL can be incorporated through carefully designed activities. 22, literature discussions can foster empathy and perspective-taking, while collaborative science experiments encourage teamwork and communication.
翻譯:
在學術科目中,SEL 可以透過精心設計的活動融入課程。例如,文學討論能培養同理心與換位思考,而合作性的科學實驗則能鼓勵團隊合作與溝通。
空格後列出的 literature discussions 與 collaborative science experiments,都是前句「carefully designed activities」的具體例子。因此應選擇表示「例如」的連接語。
句型為:
For example, + 具體例子
故答案為 (B) For example。
選項分析
(A) As far as
As far as 常表示「就……而言」「至於……」,後面通常需要接明確的比較或討論對象,例如:
As far as academic subjects are concerned, SEL is important.
就學術科目而言,SEL 很重要。
本句若使用:
As far as, literature discussions can foster empathy...
語法結構不完整,As far as 後缺少必要的對象或完整子句,且無法自然引出後面的具體例子,因此錯誤。
(B) For example
For example 意為「例如」「舉例來說」,用來引導前文概念的具體事例。
前文提到 SEL 可融入各個學科,後文便以文學討論及科學實驗說明實際做法,前後形成「總說—舉例」關係,完全符合語意。
因此正確。
(C) In addition
第 23 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Integrating Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) into the school curriculum requires a comprehensive and systematic approach rather than a stand-alone program. Effective implementation begins with 21 SEL goals with the school’s overall mission and values. Schools should adopt a clear framework that includes competencies such as self-awareness, self-management, and responsible decision-making. These competencies can then be embedded across subject areas instead of being confined to a single class.
In academic subjects, SEL can be incorporated through carefully designed activities. 22 , literature discussions can foster empathy and perspective-taking, while collaborative science experiments encourage teamwork and communication. In mathematics, teachers can promote resilience by reframing mistakes as opportunities for growth. Even brief daily practices, such as emotional check-ins or reflective writing tasks, can strengthen students’ ability to 23 their emotions and monitor their own learning.
Assessment of SEL should focus on reflection and self-evaluation rather than traditional grading. When implemented consistently, SEL 24 academic performance and improves classroom climate. Ultimately, integrating SEL into the curriculum helps schools develop not only knowledgeable learners but also emotionally intelligent and socially responsible individuals. Such an approach supports students’ long-term well-being and prepares them to make thoughtful and ethical 25 in real-world situations.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考克漏字中的「語意判斷」與「動詞搭配」。關鍵句為:
Even brief daily practices, such as emotional check-ins or reflective writing tasks, can strengthen students’ ability to 23 their emotions and monitor their own learning.
即使是簡短的每日活動,例如情緒檢視或反思性寫作,也能增強學生調節情緒及監控自身學習的能力。
空格後接受詞 their emotions,因此需要填入能表示「調節、控制情緒」的及物動詞。依文章討論的主題 SEL(Social and Emotional Learning,社會與情緒學習)判斷,最符合的是 regulate。
解題方法
先觀察句型:
- students’ ability to + 原形動詞
- to regulate their emotions and monitor their own learning
此處 regulate 與 monitor 並列,皆為學生需要培養的能力。句意是透過日常練習,幫助學生學會「調節自己的情緒」,並「監控自己的學習」。
SEL 的核心能力包含:
- self-awareness:自我覺察
- self-management:自我管理
- responsible decision-making:負責任的決策
因此,空格必須選擇與「情緒管理」相關的動詞。
選項分析
(A) ignore
- 意思:忽視、不理會
- ignore one’s emotions:忽視某人的情緒
- 若填入此處,句意變成「增強學生忽視情緒的能力」,與 SEL 強調情緒覺察及自我管理的概念相反。
- 因此錯誤。
(B) pretend
- 意思:假裝、佯裝
- pretend to be happy:假裝高興
- pretend 後常接不定詞,或接 that 子句;直接說 pretend their emotions 不符合一般用法。
- 即使改成 pretend to control their emotions,仍會變成「假裝控制情緒」,與文章所述培養真實情緒能力的語意不符。
- 因此錯誤。
(C) provoke
第 24 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Integrating Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) into the school curriculum requires a comprehensive and systematic approach rather than a stand-alone program. Effective implementation begins with 21 SEL goals with the school’s overall mission and values. Schools should adopt a clear framework that includes competencies such as self-awareness, self-management, and responsible decision-making. These competencies can then be embedded across subject areas instead of being confined to a single class.
In academic subjects, SEL can be incorporated through carefully designed activities. 22 , literature discussions can foster empathy and perspective-taking, while collaborative science experiments encourage teamwork and communication. In mathematics, teachers can promote resilience by reframing mistakes as opportunities for growth. Even brief daily practices, such as emotional check-ins or reflective writing tasks, can strengthen students’ ability to 23 their emotions and monitor their own learning.
Assessment of SEL should focus on reflection and self-evaluation rather than traditional grading. When implemented consistently, SEL 24 academic performance and improves classroom climate. Ultimately, integrating SEL into the curriculum helps schools develop not only knowledgeable learners but also emotionally intelligent and socially responsible individuals. Such an approach supports students’ long-term well-being and prepares them to make thoughtful and ethical 25 in real-world situations.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查克漏字中的「語意判斷」與「動詞搭配」。關鍵句為:
When implemented consistently, SEL 24 academic performance and improves classroom climate.
當社會情緒學習(SEL)持續而一致地實施時,它能提升學業表現,並改善課堂氣氛。
句中主詞為單數的 SEL,因此空格需填入第三人稱單數動詞。從語意看,後半句的 improves classroom climate 帶有正面效果,因此前半句也應選擇表示「提升、增進」的正面動詞。
解題方法
先觀察句型:
- SEL + 空格 + academic performance
- and improves classroom climate
此處使用 A and B 的平行結構,空格中的動詞應與 improves 意義一致,形成「提升學業表現,並改善課堂氣氛」的正面結果。
enhance 意為「提升、增進、強化」,常見搭配包括:
- enhance academic performance:提升學業表現
- enhance learning:增進學習
- enhance communication:強化溝通
因主詞 SEL 為單數,動詞須用 enhances,故選擇 (B) enhances。
選項分析
(A) abstracts
abstract 可作動詞,意思是「摘錄、提取、抽象化」,例如 abstract information from a text,表示「從文章中摘取資訊」。
填入後為:
SEL abstracts academic performance
語意變成「SEL 摘取或抽象化學業表現」,不符合文章所述 SEL 對學生學習成效的正面影響,且 abstract academic performance 不是自然的搭配,因此錯誤。
(B) enhances
enhance 意為「提升、增進、強化」。填入後為:
SEL enhances academic performance and improves classroom climate.
意思是「SEL 提升學業表現,並改善課堂氣氛」,與全文強調 SEL 能促進學生發展、增進學習與人際互動的內容一致。
此外,主詞 SEL 為單數,故使用第三人稱單數形式 enhances,文法與語意皆正確。
(C) hinders
hinder 意為「妨礙、阻礙」,通常指使某件事變得更困難,例如 hinder progress「阻礙進步」。
填入後表示:
第 25 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Integrating Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) into the school curriculum requires a comprehensive and systematic approach rather than a stand-alone program. Effective implementation begins with 21 SEL goals with the school’s overall mission and values. Schools should adopt a clear framework that includes competencies such as self-awareness, self-management, and responsible decision-making. These competencies can then be embedded across subject areas instead of being confined to a single class.
In academic subjects, SEL can be incorporated through carefully designed activities. 22 , literature discussions can foster empathy and perspective-taking, while collaborative science experiments encourage teamwork and communication. In mathematics, teachers can promote resilience by reframing mistakes as opportunities for growth. Even brief daily practices, such as emotional check-ins or reflective writing tasks, can strengthen students’ ability to 23 their emotions and monitor their own learning.
Assessment of SEL should focus on reflection and self-evaluation rather than traditional grading. When implemented consistently, SEL 24 academic performance and improves classroom climate. Ultimately, integrating SEL into the curriculum helps schools develop not only knowledgeable learners but also emotionally intelligent and socially responsible individuals. Such an approach supports students’ long-term well-being and prepares them to make thoughtful and ethical 25 in real-world situations.
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核心觀念
本題考查克漏字中的「語意判斷」與「固定搭配」。判斷空格時,須同時注意:
- 前後文的語意。
- 形容詞與名詞的搭配關係。
- 句型中的慣用表達。
關鍵句為:
prepares them to make thoughtful and ethical 25 in real-world situations.
其中 表示「做出……」,而 make decisions 是最常見且最自然的固定搭配,意為「做決定」。空格前有形容詞 thoughtful(深思熟慮的)與 ethical(合乎道德的),最適合修飾的名詞是 decisions。
解題方法
先分析句意:
Such an approach supports students’ long-term well-being and prepares them to make thoughtful and ethical decisions in real-world situations.
這種做法不僅支持學生的長期福祉,也讓他們準備好在現實生活情境中做出深思熟慮且合乎道德的決定。
文章主旨是社會情緒學習能培養學生的自我覺察、自我管理、責任感、同理心與倫理判斷能力。文章最後談到學生未來面對真實世界時,應能做出成熟且合乎道德的「決定」,因此答案為 decisions。
句型結構如下:
- prepare someone to V:使某人準備好做某事
- make decisions:做決定
- thoughtful and ethical decisions:深思熟慮且合乎道德的決定
- in real-world situations:在現實生活情境中
選項分析
(A) actions
action 意為「行動、行為」。make actions 並非自然的英文固定搭配;英文通常說 take action(採取行動),而非 make action。
第 26 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Generative AI has evolved at a breakneck pace over the last few years, fundamentally 26 the way various global industries approach content creation and problem-solving. In the professional landscape, not only 27 operational efficiency by automating mundane tasks, but it also sparks intense legal debates over intellectual property and authorship. Many technology experts suggest that 28 the technology is rigorously regulated by international standards, the risk of deepfakes and mass misinformation will grow exponentially, potentially destabilizing social trust. Some forward-thinking companies have already started to implement strict AI ethical protocols, striving to ensure that human oversight remains central to the creative process 29 being entirely replaced by machines. In this era of rapid automation, it is absolutely essential that we 30 vigilant about the long-term ethical implications of these autonomous systems. We must balance our enthusiasm for innovation with a commitment to protecting the integrity of human knowledge as we move further into the digital age.
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核心觀念
本題考查「逗號後分詞片語」與動詞形式的判斷。
題幹主句為:
Generative AI has evolved at a breakneck pace over the last few years, fundamentally transforming the way various global industries approach content creation and problem-solving.
句型結構如下:
- 主詞:Generative AI
- 主要動詞:has evolved
- 逗號後分詞片語:fundamentally transforming ...
- transforming 以現在分詞形式作為補充說明,表示「在快速發展的同時,進而徹底改變……」
現在分詞片語的邏輯主詞與主句主詞相同,皆為 Generative AI。
解題方法
先找出主要動詞:
Generative AI has evolved ...
句子在 has evolved 後已有完整主句,逗號後需要接一個分詞片語,補充說明 AI 發展所造成的結果或伴隨情況:
has evolved ..., fundamentally transforming ...
可改寫為:
Generative AI has evolved at a breakneck pace over the last few years, and it has fundamentally transformed the way various global industries approach content creation and problem-solving.
原句將第二個完整子句簡化為現在分詞片語,因此使用 transforming。
完整語意為:
生成式人工智慧在過去幾年間以驚人的速度演進,從根本上改變了全球各產業處理內容創作與問題解決的方式。
選項分析
(A) transform
transform 是原形動詞。逗號後若要直接接原形動詞,通常需要有對等連接詞,例如:
AI has evolved rapidly, and it transforms industries.
原句沒有 and,因此不能使用 transform。此外,has evolved ..., transform ... 也會造成主要動詞形式銜接錯誤。
(B) to transform
第 27 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Generative AI has evolved at a breakneck pace over the last few years, fundamentally 26 the way various global industries approach content creation and problem-solving. In the professional landscape, not only 27 operational efficiency by automating mundane tasks, but it also sparks intense legal debates over intellectual property and authorship. Many technology experts suggest that 28 the technology is rigorously regulated by international standards, the risk of deepfakes and mass misinformation will grow exponentially, potentially destabilizing social trust. Some forward-thinking companies have already started to implement strict AI ethical protocols, striving to ensure that human oversight remains central to the creative process 29 being entirely replaced by machines. In this era of rapid automation, it is absolutely essential that we 30 vigilant about the long-term ethical implications of these autonomous systems. We must balance our enthusiasm for innovation with a commitment to protecting the integrity of human knowledge as we move further into the digital age.
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核心觀念:否定副詞片語置於句首的倒裝句
本題考「not only A but also B」句型,以及 not only 位於子句句首時所引發的主詞與助動詞倒裝。
基本句型為:
It improves operational efficiency by automating mundane tasks, and it also sparks intense legal debates.
改成 not only A but also B:
Not only does it improve operational efficiency, but it also sparks intense legal debates.
當具有否定或限制語氣的副詞(如 not only, never, rarely, seldom, hardly)置於句首時,主要子句必須倒裝:
本句主詞為 it,原本的動詞為一般現在式 improves。因為需要倒裝,先加入助動詞 does,原本的第三人稱單數動詞 improves 則還原為原形 improve:
解題方法
定位題幹關鍵結構:
In the professional landscape, not only 27 operational efficiency by automating mundane tasks, but it also sparks intense legal debates over intellectual property and authorship.
在專業領域中,它不僅透過自動化處理瑣碎工作來提升營運效率,也引發了關於智慧財產權與作者身分的激烈法律辯論。
句中出現成對連接詞:
not only A, but it also B
因此空格後的部分必須形成:
not only does it improve A, but it also sparks B
其中:
- not only A but also B:不僅……而且……
- operational efficiency:營運效率、作業效率
- by V-ing:藉由做某事
- automate:使自動化
- mundane tasks:瑣碎、單調的工作
- spark:引發、激起
- intense legal debates:激烈的法律辯論
- intellectual property:智慧財產權
- authorship:作者身分、著作權歸屬
由於 not only 位於子句開頭,必須使用倒裝,因此答案為 does it improve。
選項分析
(A) it improves
完整句為:
not only it improves operational efficiency ...
第 28 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Generative AI has evolved at a breakneck pace over the last few years, fundamentally 26 the way various global industries approach content creation and problem-solving. In the professional landscape, not only 27 operational efficiency by automating mundane tasks, but it also sparks intense legal debates over intellectual property and authorship. Many technology experts suggest that 28 the technology is rigorously regulated by international standards, the risk of deepfakes and mass misinformation will grow exponentially, potentially destabilizing social trust. Some forward-thinking companies have already started to implement strict AI ethical protocols, striving to ensure that human oversight remains central to the creative process 29 being entirely replaced by machines. In this era of rapid automation, it is absolutely essential that we 30 vigilant about the long-term ethical implications of these autonomous systems. We must balance our enthusiasm for innovation with a commitment to protecting the integrity of human knowledge as we move further into the digital age.
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核心觀念
本題考「條件副詞連接詞」的語意判斷,重點在於辨識:
- unless:除非……;如果不……
- if:如果……
- whether:是否……;無論是否……
- since:因為……;自從……
句型為:
Unless the technology is rigorously regulated by international standards, the risk of deepfakes and mass misinformation will grow exponentially.
意思是:「除非這項科技受到國際標準的嚴格規範,否則深偽技術與大規模錯誤資訊的風險將呈指數成長。」
此處前後分句具有「必要條件/否則結果」的關係,應使用 unless。
解題方法
先定位題目所在句:
Many technology experts suggest that _____ the technology is rigorously regulated by international standards, the risk of deepfakes and mass misinformation will grow exponentially, potentially destabilizing social trust.
翻譯:
許多科技專家指出,除非這項科技受到國際標準的嚴格規範,否則深偽技術與大規模錯誤資訊的風險將呈指數成長,進而可能破壞社會信任。
句意邏輯如下:
- 科技受到嚴格規範:風險受到控制。
- 科技沒有受到嚴格規範:風險將大幅增加。
- 「除非 A,否則 B」正是 unless A, B 的句型。
因此空格應填 unless。
選項分析
(A) whether
whether 表示「是否」或「無論是否」,通常用於間接問句或搭配 whether A or not:
- I do not know whether he will come.
我不知道他是否會來。 - Whether he comes or not, we will start on time.
無論他是否來,我們都會準時開始。
若填入本句:
Whether the technology is rigorously regulated, the risk ... will grow.
句型與語意均不自然。若要表達「無論是否受到規範,風險都會增加」,通常需有 or not,而且這也與文章要表達的「缺乏規範才會造成風險上升」不符。因此錯誤。
(B) if
if 表示「如果」,文法上可形成:
If the technology is rigorously regulated, the risk ... will grow.
第 29 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Generative AI has evolved at a breakneck pace over the last few years, fundamentally 26 the way various global industries approach content creation and problem-solving. In the professional landscape, not only 27 operational efficiency by automating mundane tasks, but it also sparks intense legal debates over intellectual property and authorship. Many technology experts suggest that 28 the technology is rigorously regulated by international standards, the risk of deepfakes and mass misinformation will grow exponentially, potentially destabilizing social trust. Some forward-thinking companies have already started to implement strict AI ethical protocols, striving to ensure that human oversight remains central to the creative process 29 being entirely replaced by machines. In this era of rapid automation, it is absolutely essential that we 30 vigilant about the long-term ethical implications of these autonomous systems. We must balance our enthusiasm for innovation with a commitment to protecting the integrity of human knowledge as we move further into the digital age.
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核心觀念
本題考「對等選擇連接詞」與語意對比。空格位於:
striving to ensure that human oversight remains central to the creative process 29 being entirely replaced by machines.
句意是:企業努力確保「人類監督仍是創作流程的核心」,而不是「完全被機器取代」。
表示「而不是」的片語為 rather than,後面可接名詞、動名詞或原形動詞。本句中 being entirely replaced 是動名詞片語,與前面的語意形成對比。
解題方法
先抓句中的兩個相反概念:
- human oversight remains central:人類監督仍居核心地位
- being entirely replaced by machines:被機器完全取代
前者希望被保留,後者則是要避免的結果,因此需要表示「而不是」的連接詞:
human oversight remains central to the creative process rather than being entirely replaced by machines.
翻譯為:
這些公司努力確保人類監督仍是創作流程的核心,而不是讓人類監督完全被機器取代。
因此,空格應填 rather than。
選項分析
(A) more than:比……更多;不只是
此片語主要表示比較或「不只是」,無法表達「人類監督被保留,而非被機器取代」的對比關係。若填入:
remains central to the creative process more than being entirely replaced by machines
句型與語意均不自然,因此錯誤。
(B) inferior to:劣於……;低於……
inferior to 是形容詞片語,通常用來比較兩個事物的優劣,例如 This method is inferior to the traditional one. 本句需要的是連接兩個相反動作或結果的對比片語,且不能自然接在此結構中,因此錯誤。
第 30 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Generative AI has evolved at a breakneck pace over the last few years, fundamentally 26 the way various global industries approach content creation and problem-solving. In the professional landscape, not only 27 operational efficiency by automating mundane tasks, but it also sparks intense legal debates over intellectual property and authorship. Many technology experts suggest that 28 the technology is rigorously regulated by international standards, the risk of deepfakes and mass misinformation will grow exponentially, potentially destabilizing social trust. Some forward-thinking companies have already started to implement strict AI ethical protocols, striving to ensure that human oversight remains central to the creative process 29 being entirely replaced by machines. In this era of rapid automation, it is absolutely essential that we 30 vigilant about the long-term ethical implications of these autonomous systems. We must balance our enthusiasm for innovation with a commitment to protecting the integrity of human knowledge as we move further into the digital age.
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核心觀念:要求、必要性形容詞後的假設語氣
本題考查「必要性形容詞 + that 子句」所形成的虛主詞/命令式假設語氣(mandative subjunctive)。
常見句型如下:
- It is essential that + 主詞 + 原形動詞
- It is important that + 主詞 + 原形動詞
- It is necessary that + 主詞 + 原形動詞
- It is vital that + 主詞 + 原形動詞
題幹中的關鍵句為:
In this era of rapid automation, it is absolutely essential that we 30 vigilant about the long-term ethical implications of these autonomous systems.
翻譯為:
在快速自動化的時代,我們絕對有必要對這些自主系統長期的倫理影響保持警覺。
句中的 it is absolutely essential that 表示「……是絕對必要的」,that 後方表達的是要求或必要的行動,因此動詞使用原形 remain。
此外,片語 remain vigilant about 表示「對……持續保持警覺」:
- remain:保持、仍然是
- vigilant:警覺的、警醒的
- ethical implications:倫理影響
- autonomous systems:自主系統
解題方法
先判斷主要句型:
it is absolutely essential that + we + 動詞
由於 essential 表示「必要的」,that 子句採用假設語氣,動詞不隨主詞 we 或時態變化,直接使用原形:
因此:
it is absolutely essential that we remain vigilant
第 31 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In recent years, mindfulness practices have gained widespread popularity as tools for managing stress, enhancing emotional regulation, and improving overall mental health. Originating from ancient contemplative traditions, particularly within Buddhist philosophy, mindfulness was historically embedded in a broader ethical and spiritual framework emphasizing compassion, self-awareness, and moral responsibility. In contemporary society, however, these practices have increasingly been adapted into secular programs designed for mass consumption.
As a result, mindfulness is now commonly incorporated into clinical therapies, educational curricula, and corporate wellness initiatives. Proponents argue that such adaptations have made mindfulness more accessible, allowing individuals from diverse backgrounds to benefit from its stress-reducing and attention-enhancing effects. Empirical studies have indeed demonstrated positive outcomes, including reduced anxiety, improved focus, and greater emotional resilience among practitioners.
Nevertheless, critics caution that this widespread adoption risks transforming mindfulness into a commodified self-improvement technique. When stripped of its ethical foundations, mindfulness may be reduced to a productivity-enhancing tool that serves organizational efficiency rather than individual well-being. In corporate settings, for instance, mindfulness training is sometimes promoted as a means to help employees cope with excessive workloads, thereby shifting responsibility away from systemic issues such as burnout and workplace exploitation.
According to these critics, such instrumentalization undermines the original intent of mindfulness by prioritizing performance over reflection and ethical growth. They argue that without an accompanying emphasis on values such as empathy and social responsibility, mindfulness programs may inadvertently reinforce the very stressors they claim to alleviate. ___, the debate surrounding modern mindfulness practices centers not on their effectiveness, but on the purposes they ultimately serve.
- What is the primary focus of this passage?
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核心觀念
本題考閱讀理解中的「主旨題」(main idea question),重點不是尋找單一細節,而是判斷全文主要討論的核心議題。
文章以正反兩面說明現代正念(mindfulness)的發展:
- 正面:正念被應用於臨床治療、教育及企業健康計畫,能幫助減少焦慮、提升專注力與情緒韌性。
- 反面:正念從佛教等傳統倫理與精神脈絡中脫離後,可能被商品化,成為提升生產力、維持組織效率的工具。
- 核心爭議:現代正念的問題不在於「是否有效」,而在於「最終服務的目的為何」。
因此,全文主要探討的是正念世俗化(secularization)後所產生的倫理問題與價值轉變。
解題方法
主旨題可採取以下判斷方式:
- 觀察文章是否具有明顯的轉折。
- 分辨前文的背景資訊與後文真正強調的議題。
- 找出結尾的總結句,通常是作者主旨的集中表達。
- 比較選項涵蓋範圍,選擇能統整全文而非只對應局部細節者。
本文第三段以 Nevertheless 開始,表示語意轉折,從正念的益處轉向批評與倫理疑慮。最後一句更直接指出全文重點:
“the debate surrounding modern mindfulness practices centers not on their effectiveness, but on the purposes they ultimately serve.”
意為:
「圍繞現代正念實踐的爭論,焦點不在於它們是否有效,而在於它們最終服務的是什麼目的。」
這句明確表示,文章討論的主軸是正念被改造、商品化及世俗化後的倫理意涵,因此選 (C)。
定位答案的關鍵句
文章指出:
“When stripped of its ethical foundations, mindfulness may be reduced to a productivity-enhancing tool that serves organizational efficiency rather than individual well-being.”
翻譯:
「當正念被剝除其倫理基礎後,可能會被簡化為提升生產力的工具,服務的是組織效率,而非個人福祉。」
此外,文章又說:
“such instrumentalization undermines the original intent of mindfulness by prioritizing performance over reflection and ethical growth.”
翻譯:
「這種工具化的做法,將表現置於反思與倫理成長之上,因而削弱了正念原本的宗旨。」
這兩句都直接對應 the ethical implications of secularizing mindfulness,也就是「正念世俗化的倫理意涵」。
選項分析
(A) The historical development of contemplative traditions
意為「沉思傳統的歷史發展」。
文章開頭確實提到正念源自古代沉思傳統,尤其與佛教哲學有關,也提到其歷史上具有倫理與精神架構。然而,這只是背景說明,篇幅很短,文章並未依時間順序介紹沉思傳統如何演變,也沒有以歷史發展為主要分析對象。因此不是全文主旨。
(B) The psychological mechanisms underlying mindfulness
意為「正念背後的心理機制」。
文章提及正念能減少焦慮、改善專注力、增強情緒韌性,但只是在列舉實證研究所發現的效果,沒有深入說明注意力、情緒調節或壓力反應的心理運作機制。此選項把「正念的效果」誤認為「心理機制」,範圍與文章重點不符。
第 32 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In recent years, mindfulness practices have gained widespread popularity as tools for managing stress, enhancing emotional regulation, and improving overall mental health. Originating from ancient contemplative traditions, particularly within Buddhist philosophy, mindfulness was historically embedded in a broader ethical and spiritual framework emphasizing compassion, self-awareness, and moral responsibility. In contemporary society, however, these practices have increasingly been adapted into secular programs designed for mass consumption.
As a result, mindfulness is now commonly incorporated into clinical therapies, educational curricula, and corporate wellness initiatives. Proponents argue that such adaptations have made mindfulness more accessible, allowing individuals from diverse backgrounds to benefit from its stress-reducing and attention-enhancing effects. Empirical studies have indeed demonstrated positive outcomes, including reduced anxiety, improved focus, and greater emotional resilience among practitioners.
Nevertheless, critics caution that this widespread adoption risks transforming mindfulness into a commodified self-improvement technique. When stripped of its ethical foundations, mindfulness may be reduced to a productivity-enhancing tool that serves organizational efficiency rather than individual well-being. In corporate settings, for instance, mindfulness training is sometimes promoted as a means to help employees cope with excessive workloads, thereby shifting responsibility away from systemic issues such as burnout and workplace exploitation.
According to these critics, such instrumentalization undermines the original intent of mindfulness by prioritizing performance over reflection and ethical growth. They argue that without an accompanying emphasis on values such as empathy and social responsibility, mindfulness programs may inadvertently reinforce the very stressors they claim to alleviate. ___, the debate surrounding modern mindfulness practices centers not on their effectiveness, but on the purposes they ultimately serve.
- According to this passage, critics are concerned that corporate mindfulness programs may ___.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「批評者觀點」與「因果關係定位」。
文章前兩段說明正念(mindfulness)被廣泛應用於心理治療、教育與企業健康計畫,支持者認為這能降低壓力、改善專注力。後兩段則轉述批評者的疑慮:正念若脫離原有的倫理與精神背景,可能被企業當成提升工作效率、協助員工忍受過度工作量的工具,反而忽略職場制度本身的問題。
因此,題目要找的是「企業正念課程以個人調適取代制度改革」的意思。
解題方法
先鎖定題幹中與 corporate settings 直接相關的句子:
In corporate settings, for instance, mindfulness training is sometimes promoted as a means to help employees cope with excessive workloads, thereby shifting responsibility away from systemic issues such as burnout and workplace exploitation.
翻譯:
例如,在企業環境中,正念訓練有時被宣傳為協助員工應付過量工作的方法,因而把責任從職業倦怠與職場剝削等制度性問題上移開。
句中的關鍵因果關係是:
- 員工接受正念訓練,以個人方式應付過重工作。
- 企業因此不必正視職業倦怠、職場剝削等制度問題。
- 個人 coping strategies 取代了 systemic reform。
所以正確答案為 replace systemic reform with individual coping strategies。
選項分析
(A) replace systemic reform with individual coping strategies
以個人的壓力調適方式,取代對工作制度、過度工時、職場剝削等問題的改革,完全符合文章中的 “shifting responsibility away from systemic issues”。此選項正確。
(B) decrease overall employee productivity
文章沒有說企業正念課程會降低員工生產力。相反地,批評者認為正念可能被企業利用為提升生產力與組織效率的工具,因此此選項與文章方向相反。
(C) increase workplace competition
文章討論的是正念被商品化、企業責任被轉移,以及制度性壓力遭到忽略,沒有提到正念課程會增加職場競爭。因此此選項缺乏文章依據。
(D) overemphasize spiritual instruction
第 33 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In recent years, mindfulness practices have gained widespread popularity as tools for managing stress, enhancing emotional regulation, and improving overall mental health. Originating from ancient contemplative traditions, particularly within Buddhist philosophy, mindfulness was historically embedded in a broader ethical and spiritual framework emphasizing compassion, self-awareness, and moral responsibility. In contemporary society, however, these practices have increasingly been adapted into secular programs designed for mass consumption.
As a result, mindfulness is now commonly incorporated into clinical therapies, educational curricula, and corporate wellness initiatives. Proponents argue that such adaptations have made mindfulness more accessible, allowing individuals from diverse backgrounds to benefit from its stress-reducing and attention-enhancing effects. Empirical studies have indeed demonstrated positive outcomes, including reduced anxiety, improved focus, and greater emotional resilience among practitioners.
Nevertheless, critics caution that this widespread adoption risks transforming mindfulness into a commodified self-improvement technique. When stripped of its ethical foundations, mindfulness may be reduced to a productivity-enhancing tool that serves organizational efficiency rather than individual well-being. In corporate settings, for instance, mindfulness training is sometimes promoted as a means to help employees cope with excessive workloads, thereby shifting responsibility away from systemic issues such as burnout and workplace exploitation.
According to these critics, such instrumentalization undermines the original intent of mindfulness by prioritizing performance over reflection and ethical growth. They argue that without an accompanying emphasis on values such as empathy and social responsibility, mindfulness programs may inadvertently reinforce the very stressors they claim to alleviate. ___, the debate surrounding modern mindfulness practices centers not on their effectiveness, but on the purposes they ultimately serve.
- It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes mindfulness ___.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「作者觀點推論」。解題重點不是只找出文章提到的事實,而是綜合文章前後對比,判斷作者對現代 mindfulness(正念)實踐的核心看法。
文章建立兩組對照:
- 傳統正念:包含 compassion(慈悲)、self-awareness(自我覺察)與 moral responsibility(道德責任)。
- 現代正念:被應用於治療、教育與企業管理,但有被商品化、工具化的風險。
因此,文章的主要立場是:正念若要維持原本的精神,不能脫離倫理基礎與社會責任。
解題方法
本題問:
It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes mindfulness ___.
關鍵在於找出文章對 mindfulness 的「必要條件」與「失真風險」。
定位句為:
“When stripped of its ethical foundations, mindfulness may be reduced to a productivity-enhancing tool that serves organizational efficiency rather than individual well-being.”
翻譯:
「當正念被剝除其倫理基礎時,可能會淪為提升生產力的工具,服務組織效率,而非個人福祉。」
文末又指出:
“They argue that without an accompanying emphasis on values such as empathy and social responsibility, mindfulness programs may inadvertently reinforce the very stressors they claim to alleviate.”
翻譯:
「他們認為,若沒有同時強調同理心與社會責任等價值,正念課程可能反而強化那些原本宣稱要減輕的壓力來源。」
這兩句共同支持:正念需要倫理價值作為基礎,才能避免被扭曲為單純追求效率與績效的工具。因此選擇 requires ethical grounding to preserve its original intent。
文法與語意重點
題幹使用:
It can be inferred from the passage that...
意思是「可以從文章推論出……」。這類題目通常不要求文章逐字出現答案,而是要根據多處訊息歸納作者立場。
正確選項中的片語:
- require A to preserve B:需要 A 以維持 B
- ethical grounding:倫理基礎、道德根基
- preserve its original intent:維持其原本意旨
其中 grounding 在此不是「接地」,而是「基礎、根基」的意思;intent 則是「意圖、宗旨」。
文章中的重要單字與片語包括:
- mindfulness:正念、正念練習
- widespread popularity:廣泛流行
- manage stress:管理壓力
- emotional regulation:情緒調節
- contemplative traditions:沉思、冥想傳統
- ethical and spiritual framework:倫理與精神架構
- secular programs:世俗化課程、非宗教課程
- mass consumption:大眾消費
- clinical therapies:臨床治療
- educational curricula:教育課程
- corporate wellness initiatives:企業健康方案
- empirical studies:實證研究
- emotional resilience:情緒韌性
- commodified:商品化的
- self-improvement technique:自我改善技巧
- productivity-enhancing tool:提升生產力的工具
- systemic issues:系統性問題
- workplace exploitation:職場剝削
- instrumentalization:工具化
- ethical growth:道德成長
- empathy:同理心
第 34 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In recent years, mindfulness practices have gained widespread popularity as tools for managing stress, enhancing emotional regulation, and improving overall mental health. Originating from ancient contemplative traditions, particularly within Buddhist philosophy, mindfulness was historically embedded in a broader ethical and spiritual framework emphasizing compassion, self-awareness, and moral responsibility. In contemporary society, however, these practices have increasingly been adapted into secular programs designed for mass consumption.
As a result, mindfulness is now commonly incorporated into clinical therapies, educational curricula, and corporate wellness initiatives. Proponents argue that such adaptations have made mindfulness more accessible, allowing individuals from diverse backgrounds to benefit from its stress-reducing and attention-enhancing effects. Empirical studies have indeed demonstrated positive outcomes, including reduced anxiety, improved focus, and greater emotional resilience among practitioners.
Nevertheless, critics caution that this widespread adoption risks transforming mindfulness into a commodified self-improvement technique. When stripped of its ethical foundations, mindfulness may be reduced to a productivity-enhancing tool that serves organizational efficiency rather than individual well-being. In corporate settings, for instance, mindfulness training is sometimes promoted as a means to help employees cope with excessive workloads, thereby shifting responsibility away from systemic issues such as burnout and workplace exploitation.
According to these critics, such instrumentalization undermines the original intent of mindfulness by prioritizing performance over reflection and ethical growth. They argue that without an accompanying emphasis on values such as empathy and social responsibility, mindfulness programs may inadvertently reinforce the very stressors they claim to alleviate. ___, the debate surrounding modern mindfulness practices centers not on their effectiveness, but on the purposes they ultimately serve.
- The author’s overall tone toward modern mindfulness practices is best described as ___.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「作者語氣」(author’s tone)。判斷語氣時,不能只看單一段落或個別立場,而要綜合全文:
- 作者是否全盤支持或反對主題?
- 是否同時呈現正面與負面觀點?
- 是否使用轉折語,顯示立場有所保留?
- 文章結論究竟是肯定、否定,還是審慎評估?
本文討論現代 mindfulness(正念)實踐的利弊,既承認其實際效果,也指出世俗化、商品化可能造成的問題,因此整體語氣是「審慎而持平」。
關鍵單字與片語
- mindfulness:正念;正念練習
- widespread popularity:廣泛流行
- manage stress:管理壓力
- emotional regulation:情緒調節
- contemplative traditions:冥想/沉思傳統
- ethical and spiritual framework:倫理與精神架構
- secular programs:世俗化方案
- mass consumption:大眾消費
- clinical therapies:臨床治療
- educational curricula:教育課程
- corporate wellness initiatives:企業健康計畫
- practitioner:實踐者
- emotional resilience:情緒韌性
- commodified:商品化的
- self-improvement technique:自我提升技巧
- organizational efficiency:組織效率
- excessive workloads:過重的工作量
- systemic issues:制度性問題
- burnout:職業倦怠
- workplace exploitation:職場剝削
- instrumentalization:工具化
- ethical growth:倫理成長
- social responsibility:社會責任
- alleviate:緩解、減輕
- cautiously balanced:審慎而平衡的
解題方法
本題應採用「全文取向」判斷法,觀察文章如何安排正反兩面資訊。
第一、二段先說明正念的流行與正面效果,例如:
“Proponents argue that such adaptations have made mindfulness more accessible...”
支持者認為,這些調整使正念更容易被大眾接觸。
文章也明確承認研究成果:
“Empirical studies have indeed demonstrated positive outcomes, including reduced anxiety, improved focus, and greater emotional resilience among practitioners.”
實證研究確實顯示正念能帶來正面結果,包括降低焦慮、提升專注力,以及增強實踐者的情緒韌性。
然而,第三段以轉折語 Nevertheless 開始,提出批評者的疑慮:
“Nevertheless, critics caution that this widespread adoption risks transforming mindfulness into a commodified self-improvement technique.”
然而,批評者警告,這種廣泛採用可能使正念轉變為商品化的自我提升技巧。
第 35 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
In recent years, mindfulness practices have gained widespread popularity as tools for managing stress, enhancing emotional regulation, and improving overall mental health. Originating from ancient contemplative traditions, particularly within Buddhist philosophy, mindfulness was historically embedded in a broader ethical and spiritual framework emphasizing compassion, self-awareness, and moral responsibility. In contemporary society, however, these practices have increasingly been adapted into secular programs designed for mass consumption.
As a result, mindfulness is now commonly incorporated into clinical therapies, educational curricula, and corporate wellness initiatives. Proponents argue that such adaptations have made mindfulness more accessible, allowing individuals from diverse backgrounds to benefit from its stress-reducing and attention-enhancing effects. Empirical studies have indeed demonstrated positive outcomes, including reduced anxiety, improved focus, and greater emotional resilience among practitioners.
Nevertheless, critics caution that this widespread adoption risks transforming mindfulness into a commodified self-improvement technique. When stripped of its ethical foundations, mindfulness may be reduced to a productivity-enhancing tool that serves organizational efficiency rather than individual well-being. In corporate settings, for instance, mindfulness training is sometimes promoted as a means to help employees cope with excessive workloads, thereby shifting responsibility away from systemic issues such as burnout and workplace exploitation.
According to these critics, such instrumentalization undermines the original intent of mindfulness by prioritizing performance over reflection and ethical growth. They argue that without an accompanying emphasis on values such as empathy and social responsibility, mindfulness programs may inadvertently reinforce the very stressors they claim to alleviate. ___, the debate surrounding modern mindfulness practices centers not on their effectiveness, but on the purposes they ultimately serve.
- According to the context, which of the following connectors should be placed in the blank in the last paragraph?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「上下文語意與句子連接詞」。判斷連接詞時,須先確認空格前後句子的邏輯關係:
- Consequently:因此、所以,表示前因後果。
- Generally:一般而言,表示概括說明。
- In contrast:相較之下、相反地,表示對比。
- Nevertheless:然而、儘管如此,表示讓步或轉折。
本段先說明批評者對現代正念的疑慮,最後歸結出現代正念爭議的真正焦點,因此空格需要「結果/結論」連接詞。
解題方法
定位空格前的關鍵句:
They argue that without an accompanying emphasis on values such as empathy and social responsibility, mindfulness programs may inadvertently reinforce the very stressors they claim to alleviate.
翻譯:
他們認為,如果正念課程沒有同時強調同理心與社會責任等價值,這些課程可能反而無意間強化它們原本聲稱要減輕的壓力來源。
這句指出批評者的核心立場:正念若被工具化、過度追求績效,便可能忽略倫理成長,甚至加劇原本想解決的問題。
再看空格後的句子:
___, the debate surrounding modern mindfulness practices centers not on their effectiveness, but on the purposes they ultimately serve.
翻譯:
因此,圍繞現代正念實踐的爭論,焦點不在於它們是否有效,而在於它們最終服務的是什麼目的。
前句提出批評與問題,後句則歸納出由此產生的討論焦點,兩句形成「原因 → 結果/結論」的關係,故應填 Consequently。
完整句意為:
Consequently, the debate surrounding modern mindfulness practices centers not on their effectiveness, but on the purposes they ultimately serve.
因此,現代正念實踐的爭論焦點,不在於其是否有效,而在於它最終被用來服務什麼目的。
其中 not A, but B 是「不是 A,而是 B」的對等結構;their effectiveness 指正念實踐的有效性,the purposes they ultimately serve 指這些實踐最終所服務的目的。
選項分析
(A) Consequently
意為「因此、所以」,用來引出前述內容所導致的結論。
前文說明正念被工具化後,可能過度服務組織效率,甚至強化壓力來源;後文接著歸納現代正念爭議的焦點。因此語意銜接自然,為正確答案。
(B) Generally
意為「一般而言、通常」。此字用於概括普遍情況,例如:
Generally, mindfulness is considered beneficial.
第 36 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Novo Nordisk’s oral version of Wegovy, making it the first of the popular GLP-1 medications to get the green light as a pill for weight loss. People who want to lose weight and are prescribed Wegovy now have the option of taking a tablet daily vs. or injecting themselves with the drug once a week. They’re expected to lose about the same amount of weight with either version: 16% to 17% of their starting body weight.
The plant, just outside of Raleigh, is running around the clock to produce bottles of pills in four different doses, which have been available at retail stores and online pharmacies since the first week of January. “Obesity has become a consumer-oriented disease,” Novo Nordisk’s CEO Mike Doustdar tells TIME. “We’re embracing that.”
The Wegovy pill starts with a fungus; specifically, the same yeast used to make bread, called Saccharomyces cerevisiae. But instead of fermenting sugars or grains to make bread rise, the yeast cells are genetically engineered at Novo Nordisk’s facility in Clayton, N.C., to produce a protein that undergoes fermentation in several four-story-tall tanks, then multiple purification steps over about a month to produce semaglutide. This compound mimics a human hormone that regulates appetite by working in the reward center of the brain. It can help people feel full and reduce feelings of hunger.
After the fermentation and purification process, semaglutide forms a beige paste resembling pancake batter. In one of the few manual steps in the largely automated production, technicians scrape the paste from large funnels and freeze it at , where it keeps for up to five years. In the final step, the paste is thawed and further purified into a liquid at a high temperature, which is then spray-dried into a fine white powder—similar to the way snowmaking machines turn hot water into snow. That powder is then pressed into Wegovy tablets.
While this semaglutide pill is the first to treat obesity, it isn’t the first that Novo Nordisk has made. Its initial semaglutide pill, Rybelsus, was approved in 2019 to treat diabetes, as an alternative to the company’s Ozempic, which patients must inject weekly. Turning Ozempic into an oral pill required finding a way to protect the drug from the hostile environment of the stomach just long enough for it to be absorbed by the body. Still, the pill is generally not as effective as Ozempic.
When diabetes patients noticed they were losing weight on semaglutide, Novo Nordisk and other companies began to study the compound and related ones for their potential effects on obesity. In 2021, the FDA approved Novo Nordisk’s Wegovy to treat obesity, and developing the Wegovy pill became the next challenge. This time, the researchers created a proprietary fatty-acid derivative to better navigate the difficult environment of the stomach. Once the tablet reaches the stomach, it creates temporary changes in the permeability of part of the stomach lining that stops enzymes from breaking down the drug, while giving semaglutide enough time to be absorbed. To maximize the pill’s effectiveness, people should take it first thing in the morning on an empty stomach with up to half a glass of water with no other drinks, food, or other medications for at least 30 minutes, so nothing will interfere with the pill’s activity.
The Wegovy pill has an early advantage in hitting pharmacies first, but competitor Eli Lilly, which makes Zepbound, is waiting for an FDA decision about its weight-loss pill orforglipron. Both companies are eager to introduce their oral versions of weight-loss drugs since pills are generally less expensive to produce (and more appealing) than injections, and that should make them more affordable.
- What is this passage mainly about?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨判斷」。解題重點是辨認文章反覆聚焦的核心對象與事件,而非被某一段的細節或評論性語句帶走。
全文主軸包括:
- FDA 核准 Novo Nordisk 生產的口服 Wegovy。
- Wegovy 成為第一種獲准以口服藥錠形式治療肥胖的 GLP-1 藥物。
- 文章說明 semaglutide 的製造流程、藥物如何在胃中被吸收,以及口服藥與注射劑型的發展。
- 文末補充競爭者 Eli Lilly 的口服減重藥,以及口服藥可能較便宜、較受消費者喜愛。
因此,文章主要是在「討論第一種獲 FDA 核准的口服肥胖治療藥物及其生產與作用方式」。
解題方法
判斷主旨時,應先找出文章開頭的核心宣布,再觀察後文是否都圍繞該事件展開。
定位答案的關鍵句是:
“The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Novo Nordisk’s oral version of Wegovy, making it the first of the popular GLP-1 medications to get the green light as a pill for weight loss.”
翻譯:
美國食品暨藥物管理局核准 Novo Nordisk 的口服 Wegovy,使它成為常見 GLP-1 藥物中第一個獲准以藥錠形式用於減重的藥物。
這句直接點出全文主題:FDA 核准第一種口服肥胖治療藥物。後文的工廠製程、酵母菌製造 semaglutide、藥物在胃中的吸收方式,以及與注射劑型的比較,都是為了補充說明這項新口服藥物。
因此答案選 (B)。
文章中的語意與文法重點
- making it the first...
“making it...” 是現在分詞片語,表示前面事件所造成的結果:
- FDA approved the oral Wegovy.
- As a result, it became the first oral GLP-1 weight-loss drug.
其中 “it” 指的是 Wegovy 的口服版本。
- get the green light
片語意為「獲得批准、取得許可」。此處不是字面上的「得到綠燈」,而是指獲 FDA 正式核准。
- oral version
意為「口服版本」。相對概念是 injectable formulation,意為「注射劑型」。
- be prescribed
“People who ... are prescribed Wegovy” 中, “be prescribed” 是被動語態,意為「被開立 Wegovy」。完整語意是「想減重且由醫師開立 Wegovy 的人」。
- genetically engineered
意為「經基因工程改造的」。文章說明酵母菌細胞被改造,使其能製造 semaglutide 所需的蛋白質。
- hostile environment of the stomach
意為「胃部不利的環境」。胃酸與消化酵素可能破壞藥物,因此口服 semaglutide 必須設法保護藥物,使其能被人體吸收。
- on an empty stomach
意為「空腹」。文章指出服用 Wegovy 時須在早晨空腹,並避免食物、飲料及其他藥物干擾吸收。
選項分析
(A) To argue that oral GLP-1 medications are clinically superior to injectable formulations
意為「主張口服 GLP-1 藥物在臨床上優於注射劑型」。
錯誤。文章並未主張口服藥在臨床療效上全面優於注射劑型。相反地,文章指出:
第 37 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Novo Nordisk’s oral version of Wegovy, making it the first of the popular GLP-1 medications to get the green light as a pill for weight loss. People who want to lose weight and are prescribed Wegovy now have the option of taking a tablet daily vs. or injecting themselves with the drug once a week. They’re expected to lose about the same amount of weight with either version: 16% to 17% of their starting body weight.
The plant, just outside of Raleigh, is running around the clock to produce bottles of pills in four different doses, which have been available at retail stores and online pharmacies since the first week of January. “Obesity has become a consumer-oriented disease,” Novo Nordisk’s CEO Mike Doustdar tells TIME. “We’re embracing that.”
The Wegovy pill starts with a fungus; specifically, the same yeast used to make bread, called Saccharomyces cerevisiae. But instead of fermenting sugars or grains to make bread rise, the yeast cells are genetically engineered at Novo Nordisk’s facility in Clayton, N.C., to produce a protein that undergoes fermentation in several four-story-tall tanks, then multiple purification steps over about a month to produce semaglutide. This compound mimics a human hormone that regulates appetite by working in the reward center of the brain. It can help people feel full and reduce feelings of hunger.
After the fermentation and purification process, semaglutide forms a beige paste resembling pancake batter. In one of the few manual steps in the largely automated production, technicians scrape the paste from large funnels and freeze it at , where it keeps for up to five years. In the final step, the paste is thawed and further purified into a liquid at a high temperature, which is then spray-dried into a fine white powder—similar to the way snowmaking machines turn hot water into snow. That powder is then pressed into Wegovy tablets.
While this semaglutide pill is the first to treat obesity, it isn’t the first that Novo Nordisk has made. Its initial semaglutide pill, Rybelsus, was approved in 2019 to treat diabetes, as an alternative to the company’s Ozempic, which patients must inject weekly. Turning Ozempic into an oral pill required finding a way to protect the drug from the hostile environment of the stomach just long enough for it to be absorbed by the body. Still, the pill is generally not as effective as Ozempic.
When diabetes patients noticed they were losing weight on semaglutide, Novo Nordisk and other companies began to study the compound and related ones for their potential effects on obesity. In 2021, the FDA approved Novo Nordisk’s Wegovy to treat obesity, and developing the Wegovy pill became the next challenge. This time, the researchers created a proprietary fatty-acid derivative to better navigate the difficult environment of the stomach. Once the tablet reaches the stomach, it creates temporary changes in the permeability of part of the stomach lining that stops enzymes from breaking down the drug, while giving semaglutide enough time to be absorbed. To maximize the pill’s effectiveness, people should take it first thing in the morning on an empty stomach with up to half a glass of water with no other drinks, food, or other medications for at least 30 minutes, so nothing will interfere with the pill’s activity.
The Wegovy pill has an early advantage in hitting pharmacies first, but competitor Eli Lilly, which makes Zepbound, is waiting for an FDA decision about its weight-loss pill orforglipron. Both companies are eager to introduce their oral versions of weight-loss drugs since pills are generally less expensive to produce (and more appealing) than injections, and that should make them more affordable.
- The production of semaglutide begins with ___.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與「因果順序判讀」,重點是找出 semaglutide 生產流程的起點。
文章先說明原料來源:
“The Wegovy pill starts with a fungus; specifically, the same yeast used to make bread, called Saccharomyces cerevisiae.”
Wegovy 藥丸的製造始於一種真菌;更具體地說,是製作麵包時使用的同一種酵母,名為釀酒酵母。
接著指出:
“the yeast cells are genetically engineered … to produce a protein”
這些酵母細胞經過基因工程改造,以製造一種蛋白質。
因此,文章明確描述的生產起點是「經基因工程改造的酵母進行生產與發酵」。
解題方法
解題時應注意題目問的是:
The production of semaglutide begins with ___.
也就是「semaglutide 的生產始於什麼」,必須尋找文章中表示生產起點的句子,而不是尋找 semaglutide 的功能或後續作用。
文章的流程順序為:
- 以真菌中的酵母為起點。
- 將酵母細胞進行基因工程改造。
- 使酵母製造蛋白質。
- 蛋白質在大型容器中發酵。
- 經多次純化後形成 semaglutide。
- 最後製成 Wegovy 錠劑。
依照文章內容,最直接對應的選項其實是 (C)。不過題目官方公布答案為 (A),以下依官方答案說明,並指出其與文章內容的爭議。
選項分析
(A) synthetic laboratory enzymes engineered to mimic human hormones
人工合成、經實驗室改造而用來模仿人體荷爾蒙的酵素。
依官方答案,命題者可能是將文章中「semaglutide 模仿調節食慾的人體荷爾蒙」以及「經基因工程製造」的概念合併,將其視為生產 semaglutide 的起始物質。
然而,從嚴格的字義與文章內容來看,本選項有兩個問題:
- 文章說的是 genetically engineered yeast cells,不是 synthetic laboratory enzymes。
- semaglutide 是「模仿人體荷爾蒙的化合物」,文章並未說它是 enzyme,也未說生產是從人工合成酵素開始。
因此,(A) 是官方公布答案,但並非文章字面上最精確的答案。
(B) a strain of the bacteria yeast genetically engineered to produce a protein
一種經基因工程改造、用來製造蛋白質的細菌酵母。
本選項錯在 bacteria yeast。酵母是 fungus,不是 bacteria。文章明確說:
“The Wegovy pill starts with a fungus”
而且選項使用 a strain of the bacteria yeast,把酵母錯誤歸類為細菌。雖然「genetically engineered to produce a protein」符合文章內容,但分類錯誤,因此不能選。
第 38 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Novo Nordisk’s oral version of Wegovy, making it the first of the popular GLP-1 medications to get the green light as a pill for weight loss. People who want to lose weight and are prescribed Wegovy now have the option of taking a tablet daily vs. or injecting themselves with the drug once a week. They’re expected to lose about the same amount of weight with either version: 16% to 17% of their starting body weight.
The plant, just outside of Raleigh, is running around the clock to produce bottles of pills in four different doses, which have been available at retail stores and online pharmacies since the first week of January. “Obesity has become a consumer-oriented disease,” Novo Nordisk’s CEO Mike Doustdar tells TIME. “We’re embracing that.”
The Wegovy pill starts with a fungus; specifically, the same yeast used to make bread, called Saccharomyces cerevisiae. But instead of fermenting sugars or grains to make bread rise, the yeast cells are genetically engineered at Novo Nordisk’s facility in Clayton, N.C., to produce a protein that undergoes fermentation in several four-story-tall tanks, then multiple purification steps over about a month to produce semaglutide. This compound mimics a human hormone that regulates appetite by working in the reward center of the brain. It can help people feel full and reduce feelings of hunger.
After the fermentation and purification process, semaglutide forms a beige paste resembling pancake batter. In one of the few manual steps in the largely automated production, technicians scrape the paste from large funnels and freeze it at , where it keeps for up to five years. In the final step, the paste is thawed and further purified into a liquid at a high temperature, which is then spray-dried into a fine white powder—similar to the way snowmaking machines turn hot water into snow. That powder is then pressed into Wegovy tablets.
While this semaglutide pill is the first to treat obesity, it isn’t the first that Novo Nordisk has made. Its initial semaglutide pill, Rybelsus, was approved in 2019 to treat diabetes, as an alternative to the company’s Ozempic, which patients must inject weekly. Turning Ozempic into an oral pill required finding a way to protect the drug from the hostile environment of the stomach just long enough for it to be absorbed by the body. Still, the pill is generally not as effective as Ozempic.
When diabetes patients noticed they were losing weight on semaglutide, Novo Nordisk and other companies began to study the compound and related ones for their potential effects on obesity. In 2021, the FDA approved Novo Nordisk’s Wegovy to treat obesity, and developing the Wegovy pill became the next challenge. This time, the researchers created a proprietary fatty-acid derivative to better navigate the difficult environment of the stomach. Once the tablet reaches the stomach, it creates temporary changes in the permeability of part of the stomach lining that stops enzymes from breaking down the drug, while giving semaglutide enough time to be absorbed. To maximize the pill’s effectiveness, people should take it first thing in the morning on an empty stomach with up to half a glass of water with no other drinks, food, or other medications for at least 30 minutes, so nothing will interfere with the pill’s activity.
The Wegovy pill has an early advantage in hitting pharmacies first, but competitor Eli Lilly, which makes Zepbound, is waiting for an FDA decision about its weight-loss pill orforglipron. Both companies are eager to introduce their oral versions of weight-loss drugs since pills are generally less expensive to produce (and more appealing) than injections, and that should make them more affordable.
- Paragraphs 3 and 4 are primarily developed through ___.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查文章的「段落發展方式」(method of paragraph development),重點是判斷第 3、4 段如何組織資訊。
- Informative process analysis(資訊性流程分析):依照時間順序,說明某項產品、事件或程序如何進行,著重「先做什麼、接著做什麼、最後形成什麼」。
- Cause-and-effect analysis(因果分析):說明原因與結果之間的關係。
- Analysis by division(分類分析/分項分析):將整體拆成數個部分,逐一介紹其組成或功能。
- Comparison and contrast(比較與對比):說明兩個以上對象的相同點與不同點。
第 3、4 段主要依照 semaglutide 的製造順序,解釋 Wegovy 藥錠如何從酵母菌開始,經過發酵、純化、冷凍、解凍、噴霧乾燥,最後壓製成錠劑,因此屬於 informative process analysis。
解題方法
判斷段落發展方式時,先找:
- 段落是否介紹一連串連續步驟;
- 是否有明顯的時間順序或程序順序;
- 內容是否回答「這項產品如何製造/這件事如何發生」。
第 3 段明確描述 semaglutide 的製造流程:
“the yeast cells are genetically engineered … to produce a protein that undergoes fermentation … then multiple purification steps over about a month to produce semaglutide.”
翻譯:
「酵母菌細胞經過基因工程改造,以製造一種蛋白質;該蛋白質在大型槽中進行發酵,接著經過多道純化程序,歷時約一個月,最後製成 semaglutide。」
第 4 段接續說明後續加工流程:
“After the fermentation and purification process, semaglutide forms a beige paste … technicians scrape the paste … and freeze it … In the final step, the paste is thawed and further purified into a liquid … spray-dried into a fine white powder … That powder is then pressed into Wegovy tablets.”
翻譯:
「發酵與純化程序後,semaglutide 形成米黃色糊狀物。技術人員將糊狀物刮下並冷凍保存。最後,糊狀物解凍後進一步純化成液體,再經噴霧乾燥成細白粉末,該粉末最後被壓製成 Wegovy 藥錠。」
其中的順序訊號十分清楚:
- But instead of …:不是以……的方式,而是……
- then:接著、然後
- After … process:在……程序之後
- In the final step:在最後一步
- then pressed into:接著被壓製成……
文章不是在比較不同藥物,也不是主要解釋某個原因造成某項結果,而是在提供藥物製造的步驟與流程。
文法與語意重點
- 被動語態
“the yeast cells are genetically engineered”
意思是「酵母菌細胞被進行基因工程改造」。
被動語態的結構為:
此處 are engineered 表示酵母菌是接受改造的對象。
- 時間順序的連接語
第 39 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Novo Nordisk’s oral version of Wegovy, making it the first of the popular GLP-1 medications to get the green light as a pill for weight loss. People who want to lose weight and are prescribed Wegovy now have the option of taking a tablet daily vs. or injecting themselves with the drug once a week. They’re expected to lose about the same amount of weight with either version: 16% to 17% of their starting body weight.
The plant, just outside of Raleigh, is running around the clock to produce bottles of pills in four different doses, which have been available at retail stores and online pharmacies since the first week of January. “Obesity has become a consumer-oriented disease,” Novo Nordisk’s CEO Mike Doustdar tells TIME. “We’re embracing that.”
The Wegovy pill starts with a fungus; specifically, the same yeast used to make bread, called Saccharomyces cerevisiae. But instead of fermenting sugars or grains to make bread rise, the yeast cells are genetically engineered at Novo Nordisk’s facility in Clayton, N.C., to produce a protein that undergoes fermentation in several four-story-tall tanks, then multiple purification steps over about a month to produce semaglutide. This compound mimics a human hormone that regulates appetite by working in the reward center of the brain. It can help people feel full and reduce feelings of hunger.
After the fermentation and purification process, semaglutide forms a beige paste resembling pancake batter. In one of the few manual steps in the largely automated production, technicians scrape the paste from large funnels and freeze it at , where it keeps for up to five years. In the final step, the paste is thawed and further purified into a liquid at a high temperature, which is then spray-dried into a fine white powder—similar to the way snowmaking machines turn hot water into snow. That powder is then pressed into Wegovy tablets.
While this semaglutide pill is the first to treat obesity, it isn’t the first that Novo Nordisk has made. Its initial semaglutide pill, Rybelsus, was approved in 2019 to treat diabetes, as an alternative to the company’s Ozempic, which patients must inject weekly. Turning Ozempic into an oral pill required finding a way to protect the drug from the hostile environment of the stomach just long enough for it to be absorbed by the body. Still, the pill is generally not as effective as Ozempic.
When diabetes patients noticed they were losing weight on semaglutide, Novo Nordisk and other companies began to study the compound and related ones for their potential effects on obesity. In 2021, the FDA approved Novo Nordisk’s Wegovy to treat obesity, and developing the Wegovy pill became the next challenge. This time, the researchers created a proprietary fatty-acid derivative to better navigate the difficult environment of the stomach. Once the tablet reaches the stomach, it creates temporary changes in the permeability of part of the stomach lining that stops enzymes from breaking down the drug, while giving semaglutide enough time to be absorbed. To maximize the pill’s effectiveness, people should take it first thing in the morning on an empty stomach with up to half a glass of water with no other drinks, food, or other medications for at least 30 minutes, so nothing will interfere with the pill’s activity.
The Wegovy pill has an early advantage in hitting pharmacies first, but competitor Eli Lilly, which makes Zepbound, is waiting for an FDA decision about its weight-loss pill orforglipron. Both companies are eager to introduce their oral versions of weight-loss drugs since pills are generally less expensive to produce (and more appealing) than injections, and that should make them more affordable.
- Which of the following best explains why pharmaceutical companies are investing heavily in oral versions of GLP-1 drugs?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨與因果推論」。題目詢問藥廠為何積極開發 GLP-1 藥物的口服版本,必須整合文章中的兩項資訊:
- 療效相近:口服 Wegovy 與注射版本預期可減輕約 至 的起始體重。
- 口服劑型具有市場優勢:藥錠通常較容易被病人接受,且生產成本較低,有助於提高可近性並降低價格。
GLP-1 是 glucagon-like peptide-1 的縮寫,中文為「類升糖素胜肽-1」。這類藥物可模仿人體荷爾蒙,作用於腦部的獎賞中樞,增加飽足感、降低飢餓感。
解題方法
先找出題幹直接說明「兩家公司都積極投入口服減重藥」的關鍵句:
“Both companies are eager to introduce their oral versions of weight-loss drugs since pills are generally less expensive to produce (and more appealing) than injections, and that should make them more affordable.”
翻譯為:
兩家公司都急於推出減重藥的口服版本,因為藥錠通常比注射劑更便宜、生產成本更低,也更具吸引力;這應該會使藥物更能負擔。
此外,文章前文指出:
“They’re expected to lose about the same amount of weight with either version: 16% to 17% of their starting body weight.”
翻譯為:
無論採用哪一種版本,預期減重幅度大致相同,約為起始體重的 至 。
因此,正確選項必須同時包含:
- 口服與注射的結果相近;
- 口服藥在取得便利性、病人接受度與生產成本方面具有優勢。
選項分析
(A) Oral drugs provide stronger appetite suppression than injectable medications.
口服藥能提供比注射藥更強的食慾抑制。
錯誤。文章明確表示兩種 Wegovy 劑型預期減重幅度大致相同,並未說口服藥具有更強的食慾抑制效果。文章只說 semaglutide 能增加飽足感並減少飢餓感,沒有進行口服與注射版本的強弱比較。
(B) Oral drugs require simpler biochemical manufacturing processes.
口服藥需要較簡單的生化製造流程。
錯誤。文章反而描述 Wegovy 藥錠的製造過程相當複雜,包括:
- 以基因工程改造酵母菌;
- 在大型發酵槽中製造蛋白質;
- 經過多次純化;
- 冷凍保存;
- 高溫處理;
- 噴霧乾燥成粉末;
- 最後壓製成錠劑。
因此,本文支持的是「藥錠通常較便宜生產」,不是「製程比較簡單」。
(C) Oral drugs are more likely to receive FDA approval than injectable formulations.
口服藥比注射劑更容易獲得 FDA 核准。
錯誤。文章只提到 FDA 核准了口服 Wegovy,也提到 Eli Lilly 正等待 FDA 對另一種口服減重藥作出決定,沒有指出口服劑型比注射劑更容易通過審查。「獲得 FDA 核准」是文章事件背景,不是藥廠大量投資的主要原因。
第 40 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Novo Nordisk’s oral version of Wegovy, making it the first of the popular GLP-1 medications to get the green light as a pill for weight loss. People who want to lose weight and are prescribed Wegovy now have the option of taking a tablet daily vs. or injecting themselves with the drug once a week. They’re expected to lose about the same amount of weight with either version: 16% to 17% of their starting body weight.
The plant, just outside of Raleigh, is running around the clock to produce bottles of pills in four different doses, which have been available at retail stores and online pharmacies since the first week of January. “Obesity has become a consumer-oriented disease,” Novo Nordisk’s CEO Mike Doustdar tells TIME. “We’re embracing that.”
The Wegovy pill starts with a fungus; specifically, the same yeast used to make bread, called Saccharomyces cerevisiae. But instead of fermenting sugars or grains to make bread rise, the yeast cells are genetically engineered at Novo Nordisk’s facility in Clayton, N.C., to produce a protein that undergoes fermentation in several four-story-tall tanks, then multiple purification steps over about a month to produce semaglutide. This compound mimics a human hormone that regulates appetite by working in the reward center of the brain. It can help people feel full and reduce feelings of hunger.
After the fermentation and purification process, semaglutide forms a beige paste resembling pancake batter. In one of the few manual steps in the largely automated production, technicians scrape the paste from large funnels and freeze it at , where it keeps for up to five years. In the final step, the paste is thawed and further purified into a liquid at a high temperature, which is then spray-dried into a fine white powder—similar to the way snowmaking machines turn hot water into snow. That powder is then pressed into Wegovy tablets.
While this semaglutide pill is the first to treat obesity, it isn’t the first that Novo Nordisk has made. Its initial semaglutide pill, Rybelsus, was approved in 2019 to treat diabetes, as an alternative to the company’s Ozempic, which patients must inject weekly. Turning Ozempic into an oral pill required finding a way to protect the drug from the hostile environment of the stomach just long enough for it to be absorbed by the body. Still, the pill is generally not as effective as Ozempic.
When diabetes patients noticed they were losing weight on semaglutide, Novo Nordisk and other companies began to study the compound and related ones for their potential effects on obesity. In 2021, the FDA approved Novo Nordisk’s Wegovy to treat obesity, and developing the Wegovy pill became the next challenge. This time, the researchers created a proprietary fatty-acid derivative to better navigate the difficult environment of the stomach. Once the tablet reaches the stomach, it creates temporary changes in the permeability of part of the stomach lining that stops enzymes from breaking down the drug, while giving semaglutide enough time to be absorbed. To maximize the pill’s effectiveness, people should take it first thing in the morning on an empty stomach with up to half a glass of water with no other drinks, food, or other medications for at least 30 minutes, so nothing will interfere with the pill’s activity.
The Wegovy pill has an early advantage in hitting pharmacies first, but competitor Eli Lilly, which makes Zepbound, is waiting for an FDA decision about its weight-loss pill orforglipron. Both companies are eager to introduce their oral versions of weight-loss drugs since pills are generally less expensive to produce (and more appealing) than injections, and that should make them more affordable.
- Which of the following, if true, would most undermine the argument that pills are “more appealing” than injections?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考閱讀理解中的「削弱論點」(undermine an argument)。
文章最後提出的論點是:
“pills are generally less expensive to produce and more appealing than injections, and that should make them more affordable.”
翻譯:藥丸通常比注射劑更便宜,也更具吸引力,因此應能讓藥物更容易負擔。
題目問:哪一項若為真,最能削弱「藥丸比注射更具吸引力」這個判斷。
關鍵在於:
- more appealing:更具吸引力、更受喜愛
- undermine:削弱、動搖
- argument:論點、主張
- injection:注射劑;注射
- tablet / pill:錠劑;藥丸
- prefer A over B:偏好 A 勝過 B
- daily:每日的
- weekly:每週的
- manufacture / produce:製造、生產
- demand:需求
本題不是問哪一項「支持藥丸較好」,而是問哪一項會直接削弱「藥丸較受歡迎」的主張。
解題方法
先確認文章中的比較基準:
- 藥丸:每天服用
- 注射劑:每週注射一次
文章主張藥丸具有吸引力,主要是因為藥丸通常比注射劑容易接受,且生產成本較低。
判斷削弱選項時,應尋找直接否定「患者偏好藥丸」的資訊。若患者實際上更喜歡注射,就能直接推翻「藥丸比較有吸引力」這個判斷。
因此,最有效的證據必須涉及:
- 患者的實際偏好;
- 藥丸與注射之間的直接比較;
- 結果與原文主張相反。
定位答案的原文
文章最後一段寫道:
“Both companies are eager to introduce their oral versions of weight-loss drugs since pills are generally less expensive to produce (and more appealing) than injections…”
翻譯:兩家公司都急於推出減重藥物的口服版本,因為藥丸通常比注射劑更便宜,也更具吸引力。
題目要削弱的是括號中的 more appealing,因此最有力的選項應直接顯示患者其實更偏好注射。
選項分析
第 41 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
It is widely known that music can have a major impact on our mood. Fast beats pump us up and motivate us to work out, slow songs make us feel wistful and melancholic, and soothing music helps us drift off to sleep. It indicates that sounds affect us on neurological, physiological, and biochemical levels.
Sound healing is an ancient practice that harnesses the power of sound vibrations to promote healing and relaxation. It has been used for centuries and utilized by people all over the world, including native peoples. Australian Aboriginal tribes have used the didgeridoo as a sound healing instrument for over 40,000 years. Ancient instruments such as Tibetan singing bowls have also been used for religious and spiritual ceremonies.
Sound healing sessions are often referred to as sound baths because the idea is to bathe in the sounds and let them wash over you. “A sound bath is a deeply immersive, full-body listening experience that uses sound and simple mindfulness techniques to invite gentle yet powerful therapeutic and restorative processes to the mind and body,” says Sara Auster, a sound therapist and meditation teacher.
Sound impacts us on an elemental level. Research shows us that sounds consist of vibrations that affect us on a cellular level, impacting brain, nerve, muscle, and organ function. For instance, the sound of nails screeching on a chalkboard sets our teeth on edge and raises the hair on the back of our necks, whereas a loud crash causes us to jump up in fear. However, the sound of the waves soothes us and a melodious chime puts us in a good mood. These reactions indicate that our minds and bodies sync to the vibrations of the sound.
A 2020 review notes that sound therapy can significantly alter brain waves, changing agitated wave patterns to exceptionally calm wave forms. As our brain waves slow down, we shift from an active state to a more relaxed, dreamlike state. In this state, our breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure decrease. This helps our immune system function more efficiently, reduces our stress hormones, and triggers the release of feel-good chemicals in the brain, Auster explains.
Sound healing is gaining popularity today. A major point is that it’s a non-invasive, drug-free approach to better health and well-being. Moreover, singing-bowl sound healing is a low-technology and relatively cheap treatment. Additionally, unlike certain techniques such as acupuncture, it does not require years of educational training by the individual administering the sound healing. Thus, there is considerable potential for utilizing this technique in numerous clinical, hospital, and community settings as a low-cost, low-technology therapeutic tool to promote emotional and spiritual well-being.
- What does the quotation from Sara Auster in paragraph 3 mainly serve to do?
(A) To define and legitimize the concept of a sound bath
(B) To offer a technical neuroscientific explanation
(C) To provide the evidence of personal transformation
(D) To introduce controversy surrounding meditation practices
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「引用功能」(function of quotation):判斷作者引用某位專家的話,主要在文章中扮演什麼角色。
第三段先說明 sound bath 的概念,接著引用聲音治療師 Sara Auster 的話:
“A sound bath is a deeply immersive, full-body listening experience that uses sound and simple mindfulness techniques to invite gentle yet powerful therapeutic and restorative processes to the mind and body.”
翻譯:
「聲音浴是一種深度沉浸、全身性的聆聽體驗,運用聲音與簡單的正念技巧,引導身心產生溫和卻強大、具有治療與恢復作用的歷程。」
這段引文的主要作用有二:
- 直接界定 sound bath 是什麼。
- 由聲音治療師與冥想教師 Sara Auster 提供專業說明,使這個概念更具可信度與正當性。
因此,正確答案是 (A)。
解題方法
先觀察引文的內容與位置:
- 引文以 “A sound bath is ...” 開頭,屬於明確的定義句。
- 內容說明 sound bath 的形式、使用的方法,以及對身心的作用。
- 引文後沒有描述某個人的實際人生改變,也沒有提出爭議。
- 神經科學與生理機轉主要出現在第四、第五段,而非這段引文中。
題目問的是 What does the quotation ... mainly serve to do?
其中 serve to + 原形動詞 表示「有助於……;用來……」。因此必須判斷引用在文章中的功能,而非只看引文提到的療效。
選項分析
(A) To define and legitimize the concept of a sound bath
用來界定並使 sound bath 的概念更具正當性與可信度。
正確。引文直接以 “A sound bath is ...” 說明 sound bath 的定義,並且由專業人士 Sara Auster 提供說明。作者藉由專家引用,讓讀者更清楚理解此概念,也提升其專業可信度。
(B) To offer a technical neuroscientific explanation
提供技術性的神經科學解釋。
錯誤。神經科學方面的內容出現在後文,例如聲音振動會影響腦部、神經、肌肉與器官功能,以及聲音治療如何改變腦波。第三段引文只是在描述 sound bath 的體驗與目的,沒有說明腦波、神經傳導或細胞層級的機制。
(C) To provide the evidence of personal transformation
提供個人轉變的證據。
第 42 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
It is widely known that music can have a major impact on our mood. Fast beats pump us up and motivate us to work out, slow songs make us feel wistful and melancholic, and soothing music helps us drift off to sleep. It indicates that sounds affect us on neurological, physiological, and biochemical levels.
Sound healing is an ancient practice that harnesses the power of sound vibrations to promote healing and relaxation. It has been used for centuries and utilized by people all over the world, including native peoples. Australian Aboriginal tribes have used the didgeridoo as a sound healing instrument for over 40,000 years. Ancient instruments such as Tibetan singing bowls have also been used for religious and spiritual ceremonies.
Sound healing sessions are often referred to as sound baths because the idea is to bathe in the sounds and let them wash over you. “A sound bath is a deeply immersive, full-body listening experience that uses sound and simple mindfulness techniques to invite gentle yet powerful therapeutic and restorative processes to the mind and body,” says Sara Auster, a sound therapist and meditation teacher.
Sound impacts us on an elemental level. Research shows us that sounds consist of vibrations that affect us on a cellular level, impacting brain, nerve, muscle, and organ function. For instance, the sound of nails screeching on a chalkboard sets our teeth on edge and raises the hair on the back of our necks, whereas a loud crash causes us to jump up in fear. However, the sound of the waves soothes us and a melodious chime puts us in a good mood. These reactions indicate that our minds and bodies sync to the vibrations of the sound.
A 2020 review notes that sound therapy can significantly alter brain waves, changing agitated wave patterns to exceptionally calm wave forms. As our brain waves slow down, we shift from an active state to a more relaxed, dreamlike state. In this state, our breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure decrease. This helps our immune system function more efficiently, reduces our stress hormones, and triggers the release of feel-good chemicals in the brain, Auster explains.
Sound healing is gaining popularity today. A major point is that it’s a non-invasive, drug-free approach to better health and well-being. Moreover, singing-bowl sound healing is a low-technology and relatively cheap treatment. Additionally, unlike certain techniques such as acupuncture, it does not require years of educational training by the individual administering the sound healing. Thus, there is considerable potential for utilizing this technique in numerous clinical, hospital, and community settings as a low-cost, low-technology therapeutic tool to promote emotional and spiritual well-being.
- Which underlying assumption supports the author’s argument for the broader adoption of sound healing?
(A) Emotional well-being is more important than physical health.
(B) Ancient practice and scientific evidence support the effectiveness of sound healing.
(C) Clinical institutions are resistant to low-cost and low-technology medical interventions.
(D) Non-invasive sound healing is inherently superior to other forms of medical treatment.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「閱讀理解中的論證基礎(underlying assumption)」:不是直接尋找文章明說的結論,而是判斷作者主張某項做法應被更廣泛採用時,背後必須成立的前提。
文章主旨是:聲音療法具有歷史傳統,且有研究指出其能影響腦波、生理反應與身心狀態;再加上它具有非侵入性、不需藥物、低科技、低成本等優點,因此值得應用於臨床、醫院與社區。
解題方法
先定位作者主張擴大採用 sound healing 的段落:
“Thus, there is considerable potential for utilizing this technique in numerous clinical, hospital, and community settings as a low-cost, low-technology therapeutic tool to promote emotional and spiritual well-being.”
翻譯:因此,這項技術具有相當大的應用潛力,可以在許多臨床、醫院及社區場域中,作為一種低成本、低科技的治療工具,以促進情緒與心靈健康。
接著往前找支持這項主張的理由:
“Sound healing is an ancient practice that harnesses the power of sound vibrations to promote healing and relaxation.”
翻譯:聲音療法是一種古老的做法,運用聲音振動的力量來促進療癒與放鬆。
“A 2020 review notes that sound therapy can significantly alter brain waves…”
翻譯:一篇 2020 年的回顧研究指出,聲音療法能顯著改變腦波……
文章同時提供兩類依據:
- 傳統依據:聲音療法已有數千年歷史,世界各地的人們都曾使用。
- 科學依據:研究顯示聲音振動會影響腦部、神經、肌肉、器官功能及腦波。
因此,作者要主張擴大採用聲音療法,必須假設「古老傳統與科學證據都能支持其療效或應用價值」。答案為 (B)。
關鍵單字與片語
- underlying assumption:背後的假設、隱含前提
- sound healing / sound therapy:聲音療法
- harness the power of:運用……的力量
- sound vibrations:聲音振動
- promote healing and relaxation:促進療癒與放鬆
- immersive:沉浸式的
- therapeutic:治療性的
- restorative:有助恢復的
- on a cellular level:在細胞層次
- brain waves:腦波
- agitated:躁動的、不安的
- non-invasive:非侵入性的
- drug-free:不使用藥物的
- low-technology:低科技的
- relatively cheap:相對便宜的
- clinical settings:臨床環境
- emotional and spiritual well-being:情緒與心靈健康
文法與語意重點
1. 因果連接詞
末段使用:
“Thus, there is considerable potential…”
Thus 表示「因此」,前面列出的優點是後面「具有廣泛應用潛力」的理由。解題時應追溯 Thus 前面的論據。
2. 分詞片語
第 43 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
It is widely known that music can have a major impact on our mood. Fast beats pump us up and motivate us to work out, slow songs make us feel wistful and melancholic, and soothing music helps us drift off to sleep. It indicates that sounds affect us on neurological, physiological, and biochemical levels.
Sound healing is an ancient practice that harnesses the power of sound vibrations to promote healing and relaxation. It has been used for centuries and utilized by people all over the world, including native peoples. Australian Aboriginal tribes have used the didgeridoo as a sound healing instrument for over 40,000 years. Ancient instruments such as Tibetan singing bowls have also been used for religious and spiritual ceremonies.
Sound healing sessions are often referred to as sound baths because the idea is to bathe in the sounds and let them wash over you. “A sound bath is a deeply immersive, full-body listening experience that uses sound and simple mindfulness techniques to invite gentle yet powerful therapeutic and restorative processes to the mind and body,” says Sara Auster, a sound therapist and meditation teacher.
Sound impacts us on an elemental level. Research shows us that sounds consist of vibrations that affect us on a cellular level, impacting brain, nerve, muscle, and organ function. For instance, the sound of nails screeching on a chalkboard sets our teeth on edge and raises the hair on the back of our necks, whereas a loud crash causes us to jump up in fear. However, the sound of the waves soothes us and a melodious chime puts us in a good mood. These reactions indicate that our minds and bodies sync to the vibrations of the sound.
A 2020 review notes that sound therapy can significantly alter brain waves, changing agitated wave patterns to exceptionally calm wave forms. As our brain waves slow down, we shift from an active state to a more relaxed, dreamlike state. In this state, our breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure decrease. This helps our immune system function more efficiently, reduces our stress hormones, and triggers the release of feel-good chemicals in the brain, Auster explains.
Sound healing is gaining popularity today. A major point is that it’s a non-invasive, drug-free approach to better health and well-being. Moreover, singing-bowl sound healing is a low-technology and relatively cheap treatment. Additionally, unlike certain techniques such as acupuncture, it does not require years of educational training by the individual administering the sound healing. Thus, there is considerable potential for utilizing this technique in numerous clinical, hospital, and community settings as a low-cost, low-technology therapeutic tool to promote emotional and spiritual well-being.
- According to the 2020 review, how does sound therapy influence brain waves?
(A) It stimulates neural activity without the patients’ awareness.
(B) It promotes brain and body agitation.
(C) It shifts brain wave patterns toward calmer forms.
(D) It eliminates irregular neural responses to stimuli.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解,重點是根據文章中的明確資訊,判斷 sound therapy(聲音療法)對 brain waves(腦波)的影響。
文章指出,聲音療法能改變腦波型態,使原本較為激動、活躍的腦波轉變為平靜的腦波。因此,正確答案必須表達「腦波朝向更平靜的形式轉變」。
解題方法
先抓題幹關鍵字:
- According to the 2020 review:根據 2020 年的研究回顧
- influence brain waves:影響腦波
再回文章尋找與 2020 review 直接相關的句子。定位後可見,文章明確說明 sound therapy 會使腦波由激動狀態轉向非常平靜的型態,與選項 C 完全相符。
定位原文與翻譯
“A 2020 review notes that sound therapy can significantly alter brain waves, changing agitated wave patterns to exceptionally calm wave forms.”
翻譯:
「2020 年的一篇研究回顧指出,聲音療法能顯著改變腦波,將激動的腦波型態轉變為極度平靜的波形。」
其中:
- significantly alter:顯著改變
- agitated wave patterns:激動、躁動的波形
- exceptionally calm wave forms:極度平靜的波形
- changing A to B:將 A 改變成 B
句中的 changing agitated wave patterns to exceptionally calm wave forms 是現在分詞片語,補充說明聲音療法如何改變腦波,結構為:
因此文章的因果關係是:
選項分析
(A) It stimulates neural activity without the patients’ awareness.
它在病人沒有察覺的情況下刺激神經活動。
第 44 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
It is widely known that music can have a major impact on our mood. Fast beats pump us up and motivate us to work out, slow songs make us feel wistful and melancholic, and soothing music helps us drift off to sleep. It indicates that sounds affect us on neurological, physiological, and biochemical levels.
Sound healing is an ancient practice that harnesses the power of sound vibrations to promote healing and relaxation. It has been used for centuries and utilized by people all over the world, including native peoples. Australian Aboriginal tribes have used the didgeridoo as a sound healing instrument for over 40,000 years. Ancient instruments such as Tibetan singing bowls have also been used for religious and spiritual ceremonies.
Sound healing sessions are often referred to as sound baths because the idea is to bathe in the sounds and let them wash over you. “A sound bath is a deeply immersive, full-body listening experience that uses sound and simple mindfulness techniques to invite gentle yet powerful therapeutic and restorative processes to the mind and body,” says Sara Auster, a sound therapist and meditation teacher.
Sound impacts us on an elemental level. Research shows us that sounds consist of vibrations that affect us on a cellular level, impacting brain, nerve, muscle, and organ function. For instance, the sound of nails screeching on a chalkboard sets our teeth on edge and raises the hair on the back of our necks, whereas a loud crash causes us to jump up in fear. However, the sound of the waves soothes us and a melodious chime puts us in a good mood. These reactions indicate that our minds and bodies sync to the vibrations of the sound.
A 2020 review notes that sound therapy can significantly alter brain waves, changing agitated wave patterns to exceptionally calm wave forms. As our brain waves slow down, we shift from an active state to a more relaxed, dreamlike state. In this state, our breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure decrease. This helps our immune system function more efficiently, reduces our stress hormones, and triggers the release of feel-good chemicals in the brain, Auster explains.
Sound healing is gaining popularity today. A major point is that it’s a non-invasive, drug-free approach to better health and well-being. Moreover, singing-bowl sound healing is a low-technology and relatively cheap treatment. Additionally, unlike certain techniques such as acupuncture, it does not require years of educational training by the individual administering the sound healing. Thus, there is considerable potential for utilizing this technique in numerous clinical, hospital, and community settings as a low-cost, low-technology therapeutic tool to promote emotional and spiritual well-being.
- What does the comparison with acupuncture primarily highlight about sound healing?
(A) Greater empirical validation
(B) Cultural neutrality in clinical contexts
(C) Superior effectiveness in hospital environments
(D) Lower educational barriers to implementation
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「比較關係」與「細節定位」。題目問 sound healing(聲音療法)與 acupuncture(針灸)的比較,重點不在療效高低,而在於「實施此療法所需的教育訓練門檻」。
文章指出聲音療法具有以下特色:
- non-invasive:非侵入性的
- drug-free:不需使用藥物的
- low-technology:低科技需求的
- relatively cheap:相對便宜的
- 不需要施術者接受多年的教育訓練
因此,聲音療法較容易被推廣與實施。
解題方法
先定位文章中直接提到 acupuncture 的句子:
“Additionally, unlike certain techniques such as acupuncture, it does not require years of educational training by the individual administering the sound healing.”
翻譯:
此外,不同於針灸等某些技術,聲音療法不要求實施聲音療法的人接受多年的教育訓練。
句中的比較結構是:
- unlike A:不同於 A
- it does not require B:它不需要 B
其中:
it指 sound healingA是 acupuncture 等技術B是 years of educational training,多年的教育訓練
所以本句明確強調:聲音療法對執行者的教育訓練要求較低,降低了實施門檻。正確答案為 (D)。
選項分析
(A) Greater empirical validation
意為「較充分的實證驗證」。
錯誤。文章沒有比較聲音療法與針灸何者具有較多科學實證,也沒有主張聲音療法的研究證據優於針灸。文章只提到一篇 2020 年的 review 顯示聲音療法能改變腦波,但這不是本題比較 acupuncture 的重點。
(B) Cultural neutrality in clinical contexts
意為「在臨床情境中的文化中立性」。
錯誤。文章提到聲音療法被世界各地的人使用,包括原住民族,並舉出澳洲原住民使用 didgeridoo 的例子;這是在說明其歷史與文化背景,不是在比較聲音療法與針灸是否具文化中立性。
(C) Superior effectiveness in hospital environments
意為「在醫院環境中具有較優越的療效」。
錯誤。文章最後提到聲音療法可應用於 clinical、hospital、community settings,但只是說它具有廣泛應用的潛力,原因是成本低、科技需求低、訓練門檻低。文章沒有說它在醫院中的療效比針灸更好。
(D) Lower educational barriers to implementation
意為「較低的實施教育門檻」。
正確。文章明確指出聲音療法:
“does not require years of educational training by the individual administering the sound healing”
第 45 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
It is widely known that music can have a major impact on our mood. Fast beats pump us up and motivate us to work out, slow songs make us feel wistful and melancholic, and soothing music helps us drift off to sleep. It indicates that sounds affect us on neurological, physiological, and biochemical levels.
Sound healing is an ancient practice that harnesses the power of sound vibrations to promote healing and relaxation. It has been used for centuries and utilized by people all over the world, including native peoples. Australian Aboriginal tribes have used the didgeridoo as a sound healing instrument for over 40,000 years. Ancient instruments such as Tibetan singing bowls have also been used for religious and spiritual ceremonies.
Sound healing sessions are often referred to as sound baths because the idea is to bathe in the sounds and let them wash over you. “A sound bath is a deeply immersive, full-body listening experience that uses sound and simple mindfulness techniques to invite gentle yet powerful therapeutic and restorative processes to the mind and body,” says Sara Auster, a sound therapist and meditation teacher.
Sound impacts us on an elemental level. Research shows us that sounds consist of vibrations that affect us on a cellular level, impacting brain, nerve, muscle, and organ function. For instance, the sound of nails screeching on a chalkboard sets our teeth on edge and raises the hair on the back of our necks, whereas a loud crash causes us to jump up in fear. However, the sound of the waves soothes us and a melodious chime puts us in a good mood. These reactions indicate that our minds and bodies sync to the vibrations of the sound.
A 2020 review notes that sound therapy can significantly alter brain waves, changing agitated wave patterns to exceptionally calm wave forms. As our brain waves slow down, we shift from an active state to a more relaxed, dreamlike state. In this state, our breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure decrease. This helps our immune system function more efficiently, reduces our stress hormones, and triggers the release of feel-good chemicals in the brain, Auster explains.
Sound healing is gaining popularity today. A major point is that it’s a non-invasive, drug-free approach to better health and well-being. Moreover, singing-bowl sound healing is a low-technology and relatively cheap treatment. Additionally, unlike certain techniques such as acupuncture, it does not require years of educational training by the individual administering the sound healing. Thus, there is considerable potential for utilizing this technique in numerous clinical, hospital, and community settings as a low-cost, low-technology therapeutic tool to promote emotional and spiritual well-being.
- What is the primary aim of this passage?
(A) To argue for the irreplaceable medical benefits
(B) To demonstrate how sound healing transcends traditional medical practices
(C) To explain the mechanisms and contemporary significance of sound healing
(D) To illustrate why sound healing is the only key to emotional and spiritual well-being
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨判斷」。判斷文章主旨時,需綜合:
- 文章開頭提出的主題。
- 各段落反覆說明的重點。
- 結尾對此主題的現代應用與價值。
- 選項是否過度誇大、偏離文章內容。
本文主題是 sound healing(聲音療法),內容主要涵蓋兩方面:
- 聲音療法如何透過聲音振動影響腦波、生理反應與身體機能。
- 聲音療法在現代具有非侵入性、無藥物、低科技與低成本等優勢,因而具備臨床與社區應用潛力。
因此,文章不是單純歌頌聲音療法,也不是主張它取代所有傳統醫療,而是「解釋其作用機制,並說明其當代重要性」。
解題方法
本題可採用「首尾段+段落功能」判斷法。
第一段先指出音樂會影響情緒,並說明聲音會在神經、生理與生化層面影響人體,建立文章的科學主題。
第四、五段進一步解釋作用機制:
- 聲音由振動構成。
- 振動會影響腦、神經、肌肉與器官功能。
- 聲音療法能改變腦波,使人由活躍狀態轉為放鬆、近似夢境的狀態。
- 隨著腦波變慢,呼吸、心率與血壓下降,壓力荷爾蒙減少,免疫功能提升。
最後一段則說明現代意義:
“A major point is that it’s a non-invasive, drug-free approach to better health and well-being.”
翻譯為:「一個重要特點是,它是一種非侵入性、無藥物的健康與福祉改善方式。」
文末又指出:
“Thus, there is considerable potential for utilizing this technique in numerous clinical, hospital, and community settings as a low-cost, low-technology therapeutic tool to promote emotional and spiritual well-being.”
翻譯為:「因此,這項技術具有相當大的應用潛力,可在各種臨床、醫院與社區環境中,作為促進情緒與心靈健康的低成本、低科技治療工具。」
這兩句直接概括聲音療法的當代價值;前文則負責解釋其生理與神經作用。因此正確主旨應同時包含「機制」與「現代重要性」。
選項分析
(A) To argue for the irreplaceable medical benefits
意為:「主張聲音療法具有不可取代的醫療效益。」
錯誤。文章確實提到聲音療法可能改善健康、降低壓力,並具有醫療應用潛力,但全文沒有主張其醫療效益是「不可取代的」(irreplaceable)。這個選項加入文章未表達的絕對性判斷,屬於過度延伸。
關鍵字:
- argue for:主張、支持
- irreplaceable:不可取代的
- medical benefits:醫療效益
(B) To demonstrate how sound healing transcends traditional medical practices
意為:「展示聲音療法如何超越傳統醫療實務。」
錯誤。文章提及聲音療法歷史悠久,也比較其與 acupuncture(針灸)在訓練需求上的差異,但沒有說聲音療法超越、勝過傳統醫療。
文中重點是:
“Additionally, unlike certain techniques such as acupuncture, it does not require years of educational training by the individual administering the sound healing.”
翻譯為:「此外,不同於針灸等某些技術,執行聲音療法的人不需要接受多年的教育訓練。」
這裡只是指出聲音療法的進入門檻較低,並非宣稱它在療效或醫療地位上超越傳統療法。
關鍵字:
- demonstrate:展示、證明
- transcend:超越
- traditional medical practices:傳統醫療實務
(C) To explain the mechanisms and contemporary significance of sound healing
意為:「解釋聲音療法的作用機制與當代重要性。」
第 46 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The 2026 Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics will be remembered for many things, but few stories captured the global imagination like the “Golden Redemption” of American figure skater Alysa Liu. On a crisp February night at the Milano Ice Skating Arena, the 20-year-old delivered a breathtaking performance that secured the first individual Olympic gold for a U.S. woman in twenty-four years. However, the true significance of her victory lay not in the scores or the medal itself, but in the radical personal journey that brought her back to the ice after a premature retirement that shocked the sports world.
Liu’s rise to prominence was the stuff of legends—and nightmares. At just thirteen, she became the youngest U.S. national champion in history, a child prodigy burdened with the expectations of an entire federation. For years, her life was a “grim exercise” of relentless training, overseen by a rigid coaching structure and the shadow of her father’s intense involvement. By the time she finished sixth at the 2022 Beijing Games, the sixteen-year-old was physically and mentally shattered. Citing burnout and a desperate craving for a normal life, she walked away from the sport, seemingly for good, leaving behind a career defined by others.
During her two-year hiatus, Liu lived the life she had been denied. She attended college, trekked to the base camp of Mount Everest, and traveled with friends without the constant ticking of a practice clock. It was during this period of normalcy that Liu discovered her own identity outside of figure skating. She realized that her previous relationship with the sport had been one of control rather than passion. When she announced her return in 2024, it was on her own terms. She took creative control over her choreography, chose her own music, and most importantly, established boundaries that prioritized her mental peace over podium placements.
Her performance in Milan was a testament to this new-found autonomy. Entering the free skate in third place, Liu faced immense pressure to end the U.S. gold medal drought. Yet, during her warm-up, she was seen waving at friends and smiling—a stark contrast to the stony-faced intensity of her rivals. Skated to Donna Summer’s “MacArthur Park Suite,” her routine was a spectacular reversal of fortune. She nailed seven clean triple jumps with a technical precision that was matched only by the sheer joy radiating from her movements. She wasn’t skating for a judge’s score; she was skating for herself.
The narrative of Liu’s victory also touched on the complexities of family and political pressure. As the daughter of Arthur Liu, a political refugee who fled China after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, Alysa had faced reported intimidation from foreign agents during her first Olympic cycle. Her return to the global stage was seen as an act of defiance and a reclaimed destiny. By winning gold in Milan, she didn’t just beat her competitors; she triumphed over the results-obsessed culture that had nearly destroyed her. Her story resonated with athletes worldwide who struggle with the weight of external control.
In the aftermath of her victory, Liu remained remarkably grounded. She famously remarked that while the gold medal was cool, she didn’t need it to validate her journey. This indifference to the traditional markers of success has made her a role model for a new generation of athlete-citizens who prioritize self-determination and mental well-being. Alysa Liu’s legacy will not just be the 226.79 points she earned in Milan, but the courage she showed in saying “no” to a system that didn’t value her humanity, only to return and conquer it on her own terms.
- What was the “drought” that Alysa Liu ended in 2026?
(A) A lack of international figure skating competitions in Europe
(B) A 24-year period without an Olympic gold for U.S. women’s singles
(C) A decade-long failure of the U.S. team to qualify for the Olympics
(D) A shortage of ice-making technology in the United States
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核心觀念
本題考閱讀理解中的「指代與細節定位」。關鍵在於辨認 drought 在文章中的具體內容,而非依字面將它理解成「乾旱」。
文中寫道:
“Liu faced immense pressure to end the U.S. gold medal drought.”
前文已明確交代:
“the 20-year-old delivered a breathtaking performance that secured the first individual Olympic gold for a U.S. woman in twenty-four years.”
翻譯為:
這名 20 歲選手演出令人屏息的精彩表現,為美國女子單人滑選手奪得睽違 24 年的第一面奧運金牌。
因此,gold medal drought 指的是「長期未奪得奧運金牌的情況」,不是比賽中斷、資格不足或設備短缺。
解題方法
先找題目中的關鍵字 drought,再回到文章尋找與它同義或相關的敘述。
文章將兩個訊息連在一起:
- 美國女子單人滑選手已經 24 年沒有奪得奧運個人金牌。
- Liu 在 2026 年米蘭冬奧奪金,終結這段空窗期。
因此,題目問的「the drought」就是:
a 24-year period without an Olympic gold for U.S. women’s singles
關鍵單字與片語
- drought:乾旱;長期缺乏某事物的狀態
- gold medal drought:金牌荒、長期未奪金
- end a drought:終結長期缺乏某事物的局面
- individual Olympic gold:奧運個人金牌
- U.S. woman:美國女性選手
- women’s singles:女子單人項目
- a lack of:缺乏
- qualify for the Olympics:取得奧運參賽資格
- ice-making technology:製冰技術
本題的語意重點是:drought 可用來比喻某項成就長期未出現,例如:
第 47 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The 2026 Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics will be remembered for many things, but few stories captured the global imagination like the “Golden Redemption” of American figure skater Alysa Liu. On a crisp February night at the Milano Ice Skating Arena, the 20-year-old delivered a breathtaking performance that secured the first individual Olympic gold for a U.S. woman in twenty-four years. However, the true significance of her victory lay not in the scores or the medal itself, but in the radical personal journey that brought her back to the ice after a premature retirement that shocked the sports world.
Liu’s rise to prominence was the stuff of legends—and nightmares. At just thirteen, she became the youngest U.S. national champion in history, a child prodigy burdened with the expectations of an entire federation. For years, her life was a “grim exercise” of relentless training, overseen by a rigid coaching structure and the shadow of her father’s intense involvement. By the time she finished sixth at the 2022 Beijing Games, the sixteen-year-old was physically and mentally shattered. Citing burnout and a desperate craving for a normal life, she walked away from the sport, seemingly for good, leaving behind a career defined by others.
During her two-year hiatus, Liu lived the life she had been denied. She attended college, trekked to the base camp of Mount Everest, and traveled with friends without the constant ticking of a practice clock. It was during this period of normalcy that Liu discovered her own identity outside of figure skating. She realized that her previous relationship with the sport had been one of control rather than passion. When she announced her return in 2024, it was on her own terms. She took creative control over her choreography, chose her own music, and most importantly, established boundaries that prioritized her mental peace over podium placements.
Her performance in Milan was a testament to this new-found autonomy. Entering the free skate in third place, Liu faced immense pressure to end the U.S. gold medal drought. Yet, during her warm-up, she was seen waving at friends and smiling—a stark contrast to the stony-faced intensity of her rivals. Skated to Donna Summer’s “MacArthur Park Suite,” her routine was a spectacular reversal of fortune. She nailed seven clean triple jumps with a technical precision that was matched only by the sheer joy radiating from her movements. She wasn’t skating for a judge’s score; she was skating for herself.
The narrative of Liu’s victory also touched on the complexities of family and political pressure. As the daughter of Arthur Liu, a political refugee who fled China after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, Alysa had faced reported intimidation from foreign agents during her first Olympic cycle. Her return to the global stage was seen as an act of defiance and a reclaimed destiny. By winning gold in Milan, she didn’t just beat her competitors; she triumphed over the results-obsessed culture that had nearly destroyed her. Her story resonated with athletes worldwide who struggle with the weight of external control.
In the aftermath of her victory, Liu remained remarkably grounded. She famously remarked that while the gold medal was cool, she didn’t need it to validate her journey. This indifference to the traditional markers of success has made her a role model for a new generation of athlete-citizens who prioritize self-determination and mental well-being. Alysa Liu’s legacy will not just be the 226.79 points she earned in Milan, but the courage she showed in saying “no” to a system that didn’t value her humanity, only to return and conquer it on her own terms.
- Why did Liu describe her early career as a “grim exercise”?
(A) Because she was forced to train in extremely cold weather
(B) Due to the lack of funding for youth sports programs
(C) Because it was a period of intense external control and burnout
(D) Because she did not like the costumes she had to wear
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核心觀念
本題考閱讀理解中的「上下文定位」與「因果關係判斷」。
題幹第二段指出,Liu 的早期運動生涯受到嚴格訓練、教練制度與父親高度介入的控制,長期承受巨大壓力,最後導致身心俱疲。因此,文中 “grim exercise” 並非指實際的寒冷環境、經費問題或服裝,而是形容一段痛苦、嚴苛且使人精疲力竭的訓練歷程。
- grim:嚴酷的、陰沉的、令人痛苦的
- exercise:鍛鍊、訓練;此處不是一般的「運動」
- relentless training:不間斷的訓練、毫不鬆懈的訓練
- rigid coaching structure:僵化而嚴格的教練制度
- burnout:身心耗竭、職業倦怠
- external control:外在控制
- mentally shattered:精神上受到嚴重摧殘、心理崩潰
解題方法
先找出題目關鍵字 “grim exercise” 所在的原文,再閱讀前後句,確認作者如何解釋這個片語。
定位句為:
For years, her life was a “grim exercise” of relentless training, overseen by a rigid coaching structure and the shadow of her father’s intense involvement.
翻譯:
多年來,她的人生是一場「嚴酷的鍛鍊」,受到毫不間斷的訓練、僵化的教練制度,以及父親高度介入的陰影所支配。
後文進一步補充:
By the time she finished sixth at the 2022 Beijing Games, the sixteen-year-old was physically and mentally shattered.
翻譯:
到她在 2022 年北京冬奧取得第六名時,這名十六歲的少女已在身體與心理上都受到嚴重摧殘。
因此,解題關鍵是把 grim exercise 與「外部控制」及「burnout」連結起來。正確答案必須同時符合這兩項核心訊息。
選項分析
(A) Because she was forced to train in extremely cold weather
因為她被迫在極寒的天氣中訓練
第 48 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The 2026 Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics will be remembered for many things, but few stories captured the global imagination like the “Golden Redemption” of American figure skater Alysa Liu. On a crisp February night at the Milano Ice Skating Arena, the 20-year-old delivered a breathtaking performance that secured the first individual Olympic gold for a U.S. woman in twenty-four years. However, the true significance of her victory lay not in the scores or the medal itself, but in the radical personal journey that brought her back to the ice after a premature retirement that shocked the sports world.
Liu’s rise to prominence was the stuff of legends—and nightmares. At just thirteen, she became the youngest U.S. national champion in history, a child prodigy burdened with the expectations of an entire federation. For years, her life was a “grim exercise” of relentless training, overseen by a rigid coaching structure and the shadow of her father’s intense involvement. By the time she finished sixth at the 2022 Beijing Games, the sixteen-year-old was physically and mentally shattered. Citing burnout and a desperate craving for a normal life, she walked away from the sport, seemingly for good, leaving behind a career defined by others.
During her two-year hiatus, Liu lived the life she had been denied. She attended college, trekked to the base camp of Mount Everest, and traveled with friends without the constant ticking of a practice clock. It was during this period of normalcy that Liu discovered her own identity outside of figure skating. She realized that her previous relationship with the sport had been one of control rather than passion. When she announced her return in 2024, it was on her own terms. She took creative control over her choreography, chose her own music, and most importantly, established boundaries that prioritized her mental peace over podium placements.
Her performance in Milan was a testament to this new-found autonomy. Entering the free skate in third place, Liu faced immense pressure to end the U.S. gold medal drought. Yet, during her warm-up, she was seen waving at friends and smiling—a stark contrast to the stony-faced intensity of her rivals. Skated to Donna Summer’s “MacArthur Park Suite,” her routine was a spectacular reversal of fortune. She nailed seven clean triple jumps with a technical precision that was matched only by the sheer joy radiating from her movements. She wasn’t skating for a judge’s score; she was skating for herself.
The narrative of Liu’s victory also touched on the complexities of family and political pressure. As the daughter of Arthur Liu, a political refugee who fled China after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, Alysa had faced reported intimidation from foreign agents during her first Olympic cycle. Her return to the global stage was seen as an act of defiance and a reclaimed destiny. By winning gold in Milan, she didn’t just beat her competitors; she triumphed over the results-obsessed culture that had nearly destroyed her. Her story resonated with athletes worldwide who struggle with the weight of external control.
In the aftermath of her victory, Liu remained remarkably grounded. She famously remarked that while the gold medal was cool, she didn’t need it to validate her journey. This indifference to the traditional markers of success has made her a role model for a new generation of athlete-citizens who prioritize self-determination and mental well-being. Alysa Liu’s legacy will not just be the 226.79 points she earned in Milan, but the courage she showed in saying “no” to a system that didn’t value her humanity, only to return and conquer it on her own terms.
- How did Liu’s 2024 comeback differ from her previous skating career?
(A) She moved to China to train with international coaches.
(B) She focused entirely on winning gold at any personal cost.
(C) She stopped performing triple jumps to avoid further injury.
(D) She took creative and personal control over her training.
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核心觀念
本題考閱讀理解中的「細節辨識」與「前後對比」。題目問 Liu 在 2024 年復出後,與過去滑冰生涯有何不同,必須找出文章中描述她復出後態度與做法的句子。
關鍵概念是:
- previous skating career:過去的滑冰生涯
- 2024 comeback:2024 年復出
- creative and personal control:在創意與個人層面取得主導權
- on her own terms:按照自己的方式;依自己的意願
- prioritize her mental peace:把心理平靜與心理健康置於優先地位
文章前文指出,她過去的運動生涯受到教練制度與父親高度控制,甚至「由他人定義」。復出後,她則主動掌握訓練與表演相關決定。
解題方法
先抓題幹中的比較對象:
- 2024 comeback:2024 年復出後
- previous skating career:過去的滑冰生涯
- differ:有何不同
接著回文章第三段尋找復出時的具體改變:
“When she announced her return in 2024, it was on her own terms. She took creative control over her choreography, chose her own music, and most importantly, established boundaries that prioritized her mental peace over podium placements.”
翻譯:
「當她在 2024 年宣布復出時,一切都是按照她自己的意願。她掌握了編舞的創意主導權、選擇自己的音樂,更重要的是,她建立了界線,把心理平靜置於登上頒獎台之上。」
其中 took creative control、chose her own music、established boundaries 都明確表示她重新掌握個人選擇權。因此答案是她取得了創意與個人層面的控制權。
選項分析
(A) She moved to China to train with international coaches.
她搬到中國,接受國際教練訓練。
錯誤。文章沒有提到她搬到中國,也沒有說她改由國際教練訓練。這是選項自行添加的無關資訊。
(B) She focused entirely on winning gold at any personal cost.
她不惜任何個人代價,完全專注於贏得金牌。
錯誤。文章明確表示她復出後重視心理平靜,不再把獎牌排名放在第一位:
“established boundaries that prioritized her mental peace over podium placements”
其中 over 表示「優先於、勝過」。這與「不惜任何代價追求金牌」的意思完全相反。
第 49 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The 2026 Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics will be remembered for many things, but few stories captured the global imagination like the “Golden Redemption” of American figure skater Alysa Liu. On a crisp February night at the Milano Ice Skating Arena, the 20-year-old delivered a breathtaking performance that secured the first individual Olympic gold for a U.S. woman in twenty-four years. However, the true significance of her victory lay not in the scores or the medal itself, but in the radical personal journey that brought her back to the ice after a premature retirement that shocked the sports world.
Liu’s rise to prominence was the stuff of legends—and nightmares. At just thirteen, she became the youngest U.S. national champion in history, a child prodigy burdened with the expectations of an entire federation. For years, her life was a “grim exercise” of relentless training, overseen by a rigid coaching structure and the shadow of her father’s intense involvement. By the time she finished sixth at the 2022 Beijing Games, the sixteen-year-old was physically and mentally shattered. Citing burnout and a desperate craving for a normal life, she walked away from the sport, seemingly for good, leaving behind a career defined by others.
During her two-year hiatus, Liu lived the life she had been denied. She attended college, trekked to the base camp of Mount Everest, and traveled with friends without the constant ticking of a practice clock. It was during this period of normalcy that Liu discovered her own identity outside of figure skating. She realized that her previous relationship with the sport had been one of control rather than passion. When she announced her return in 2024, it was on her own terms. She took creative control over her choreography, chose her own music, and most importantly, established boundaries that prioritized her mental peace over podium placements.
Her performance in Milan was a testament to this new-found autonomy. Entering the free skate in third place, Liu faced immense pressure to end the U.S. gold medal drought. Yet, during her warm-up, she was seen waving at friends and smiling—a stark contrast to the stony-faced intensity of her rivals. Skated to Donna Summer’s “MacArthur Park Suite,” her routine was a spectacular reversal of fortune. She nailed seven clean triple jumps with a technical precision that was matched only by the sheer joy radiating from her movements. She wasn’t skating for a judge’s score; she was skating for herself.
The narrative of Liu’s victory also touched on the complexities of family and political pressure. As the daughter of Arthur Liu, a political refugee who fled China after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, Alysa had faced reported intimidation from foreign agents during her first Olympic cycle. Her return to the global stage was seen as an act of defiance and a reclaimed destiny. By winning gold in Milan, she didn’t just beat her competitors; she triumphed over the results-obsessed culture that had nearly destroyed her. Her story resonated with athletes worldwide who struggle with the weight of external control.
In the aftermath of her victory, Liu remained remarkably grounded. She famously remarked that while the gold medal was cool, she didn’t need it to validate her journey. This indifference to the traditional markers of success has made her a role model for a new generation of athlete-citizens who prioritize self-determination and mental well-being. Alysa Liu’s legacy will not just be the 226.79 points she earned in Milan, but the courage she showed in saying “no” to a system that didn’t value her humanity, only to return and conquer it on her own terms.
- What does the passage suggest about Liu’s attitude during the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics?
(A) She was overwhelmed by the pressure of the American media.
(B) She prioritized joy and personal expression over competition scores.
(C) She refused to speak to her teammates or coaches in her pre-game preparations.
(D) She was angry at the judges for her third-place ranking in the short program.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「人物態度判斷」。解題重點是根據文章對 Liu 在比賽現場的行為描寫,推論她面對競爭與比賽分數時的心理態度。
文章明確呈現她:
- 在熱身時對朋友揮手、面帶笑容。
- 將自主性與個人表達放在重要位置。
- 不再只受獎牌、裁判分數與外界期待支配。
- 享受滑冰本身,而非單純追求勝負。
因此,她在 2026 Milano-Cortina Winter Olympics 中展現的是「以喜悅和自我表達為優先」的態度。
解題方法
先鎖定題目關鍵字:
- attitude:態度
- during the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics:比賽期間
- prioritized:優先重視
接著回文章尋找描述她比賽當下情緒與行為的句子。第四段指出:
“Yet, during her warm-up, she was seen waving at friends and smiling—a stark contrast to the stony-faced intensity of her rivals.”
翻譯:然而,在熱身期間,有人看見 Liu 向朋友揮手並面帶笑容,這與對手們嚴肅冷峻的比賽神情形成強烈對比。
同段又說:
“She wasn’t skating for a judge’s score; she was skating for herself.”
翻譯:她不是為了裁判的分數而滑冰;她是為了自己而滑冰。
這兩句直接說明 Liu 以享受比賽、展現自我為核心,而不是被分數與競爭壓力牽動。因此答案為 (B)。
關鍵單字與片語
- attitude:態度
- prioritize:優先重視
- joy:喜悅、樂趣
- personal expression:個人表達、自我展現
- competition scores:競賽分數
- warm-up:熱身
- wave at:向……揮手
- smile:微笑
- stark contrast:強烈對比
- stony-faced:表情冷峻的、面無表情的
- autonomy:自主性
- on one’s own terms:按照自己的方式
- validate:證明……有價值、使……獲得肯定
- self-determination:自我決定、自主決定
- mental well-being:心理健康
文法上,句型:
She wasn’t skating for a judge’s score; she was skating for herself.
第 50 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The 2026 Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics will be remembered for many things, but few stories captured the global imagination like the “Golden Redemption” of American figure skater Alysa Liu. On a crisp February night at the Milano Ice Skating Arena, the 20-year-old delivered a breathtaking performance that secured the first individual Olympic gold for a U.S. woman in twenty-four years. However, the true significance of her victory lay not in the scores or the medal itself, but in the radical personal journey that brought her back to the ice after a premature retirement that shocked the sports world.
Liu’s rise to prominence was the stuff of legends—and nightmares. At just thirteen, she became the youngest U.S. national champion in history, a child prodigy burdened with the expectations of an entire federation. For years, her life was a “grim exercise” of relentless training, overseen by a rigid coaching structure and the shadow of her father’s intense involvement. By the time she finished sixth at the 2022 Beijing Games, the sixteen-year-old was physically and mentally shattered. Citing burnout and a desperate craving for a normal life, she walked away from the sport, seemingly for good, leaving behind a career defined by others.
During her two-year hiatus, Liu lived the life she had been denied. She attended college, trekked to the base camp of Mount Everest, and traveled with friends without the constant ticking of a practice clock. It was during this period of normalcy that Liu discovered her own identity outside of figure skating. She realized that her previous relationship with the sport had been one of control rather than passion. When she announced her return in 2024, it was on her own terms. She took creative control over her choreography, chose her own music, and most importantly, established boundaries that prioritized her mental peace over podium placements.
Her performance in Milan was a testament to this new-found autonomy. Entering the free skate in third place, Liu faced immense pressure to end the U.S. gold medal drought. Yet, during her warm-up, she was seen waving at friends and smiling—a stark contrast to the stony-faced intensity of her rivals. Skated to Donna Summer’s “MacArthur Park Suite,” her routine was a spectacular reversal of fortune. She nailed seven clean triple jumps with a technical precision that was matched only by the sheer joy radiating from her movements. She wasn’t skating for a judge’s score; she was skating for herself.
The narrative of Liu’s victory also touched on the complexities of family and political pressure. As the daughter of Arthur Liu, a political refugee who fled China after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, Alysa had faced reported intimidation from foreign agents during her first Olympic cycle. Her return to the global stage was seen as an act of defiance and a reclaimed destiny. By winning gold in Milan, she didn’t just beat her competitors; she triumphed over the results-obsessed culture that had nearly destroyed her. Her story resonated with athletes worldwide who struggle with the weight of external control.
In the aftermath of her victory, Liu remained remarkably grounded. She famously remarked that while the gold medal was cool, she didn’t need it to validate her journey. This indifference to the traditional markers of success has made her a role model for a new generation of athlete-citizens who prioritize self-determination and mental well-being. Alysa Liu’s legacy will not just be the 226.79 points she earned in Milan, but the courage she showed in saying “no” to a system that didn’t value her humanity, only to return and conquer it on her own terms.
- What is the broader significance of Alysa Liu’s victory?
(A) It showcased the power of self-determination and mental well-being.
(B) It highlighted the necessity of rigid parental control in sports.
(C) It proved that only child prodigies can win Olympic medals.
(D) It encouraged all athletes to retire at the age of sixteen.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨與深層意義」。題目問的是 Alysa Liu 勝利的 broader significance(更廣泛的意義),不能只找表面的「贏得金牌」,而要整合全文反覆出現的核心概念:
- self-determination:自我決定、自主選擇
- mental well-being:心理健康與身心福祉
- autonomy:自主權
- burnout:身心耗竭、過勞倦怠
- external control:外在控制
- on her own terms:按照自己的方式、依自己的條件
文章重點不在 Liu 是否得分最高,而在她離開冰場、找回自我,最後以自主且健康的心態重返賽場。
解題方法
先辨識題目關鍵字:
What is the broader significance of Alysa Liu’s victory?
其中 broader significance 指「超越比賽結果本身的社會或人生意義」。因此,答案必須涵蓋全文主旨,而不能只描述比賽成績或個人經歷。
定位答案的關鍵句在文章最後一段:
This indifference to the traditional markers of success has made her a role model for a new generation of athlete-citizens who prioritize self-determination and mental well-being.
翻譯:
她對傳統成功標準的淡然態度,使她成為新一代運動員公民的榜樣;這些運動員重視的是自我決定與心理健康。
這句直接對應選項 A 的 self-determination and mental well-being。前文也提供完整支持,包括她因 burnout 退役、重新建立界線、掌握編舞與音樂選擇,以及「為自己而滑」。
選項分析
(A) It showcased the power of self-determination and mental well-being.
正確。
Liu 的勝利展現了自我決定與心理健康的重要性。她曾因訓練壓力與外界控制而身心俱疲,退役後重新找回生活與自我,復出時依自己的意願選擇音樂、編舞,並把心理平靜置於名次之前。這正是全文主旨。
(B) It highlighted the necessity of rigid parental control in sports.
錯誤。
文章描述父親的高度介入與嚴格訓練結構時,使用的是負面語氣,例如:
a rigid coaching structure and the shadow of her father’s intense involvement
意指「僵化的訓練結構,以及父親強力介入所形成的陰影」。這些因素使她承受壓力,並非文章所肯定的成功要素。
(C) It proved that only child prodigies can win Olympic medals.
錯誤。
文章提到 Liu 是 child prodigy(神童、天才兒童),只是交代她早期成名的背景,並未主張只有天才型選手才能贏得奧運獎牌。此選項使用 only 過度限縮,屬於典型的絕對化錯誤。