中國醫藥大學 105 年 《英文》

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第 1 題2 分

After having replaced the _____ part, the machine functioned well again.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「語境搭配」。句意是:機器更換了故障的零件後,又恢復正常運作。因此空格應填表示「有缺陷的、故障的」的形容詞 defective。

關鍵搭配為:

  • defective part:有缺陷的零件、故障零件
  • function well:運作良好
  • function again:再次恢復運作

題幹定位與翻譯

After having replaced the defective part, the machine functioned well again.

翻譯:
「更換了故障零件後,這部機器又運作良好了。」

句中「machine functioned well again」表示機器原本運作不良,後來更換某個零件後恢復正常,因此該零件應是「有故障的」。

文法與語意重點

  1. After having + 過去分詞

After having replaced ... 是完成式動名詞片語,表示「在完成……之後」。

  • after replacing the part
  • after having replaced the part

兩者皆可表示「更換零件後」,但 having replaced 更強調「更換」這個動作已先完成。

  1. 形容詞修飾名詞

空格位於 part 前方,因此需要填入形容詞,修飾「零件」。四個選項在詞性上都可以當形容詞使用,真正的判斷關鍵在於語意。

  1. 語意因果

「機器再次運作良好」合理的原因是更換了「故障或有缺陷的零件」,而不是更換了「不足的、狡猾的、冷漠的」零件。

選項分析

(A) insufficient

insufficient 意為「不足的、不夠的」。

  • 例如:insufficient time(不足的時間)
  • insufficient evidence(不充分的證據)

insufficient part 可理解為「不足的零件」,但英文通常不以此表達「故障零件」,也無法自然說明機器因更換它而恢復正常。故不選。

(B) devious

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第 2 題2 分

Chinese companies have invested heavily in Africa in recent years, and trade among Asian and African nations has _____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「語意判斷」與「動詞搭配」。解題時須根據句子的主詞與上下文,判斷空格需要填入哪一個動詞,才能表達「亞洲與非洲國家之間的貿易大幅增加」之意。

題幹指出中國企業近年大量投資非洲,因此亞洲與非洲國家間的貿易應呈現蓬勃成長的趨勢。能表示「激增、飆升」的動詞為 soar。

題幹定位與翻譯

Chinese companies have invested heavily in Africa in recent years, and trade among Asian and African nations has _____.

翻譯:

近年來,中國企業大量投資非洲,而亞洲與非洲國家之間的貿易也已經大幅成長。

前半句的 invested heavily(大量投資)提供因果線索:投資增加通常會帶動國際貿易成長,因此空格應填入具有「快速上升」語意的動詞。

解題方法

先觀察句型:

  • 主詞:trade among Asian and African nations
  • 助動詞:has
  • 空格:過去分詞,形成現在完成式 has + 過去分詞

五個選項皆可視為動詞的過去式或過去分詞形式,因此文法形式不是主要區別,關鍵在於語意。

soar 作為動詞時,意為「猛增、飆升、高漲」,常用於:

  • prices soar:價格暴漲
  • sales soar:銷售量大增
  • demand soars:需求大幅上升
  • trade soars:貿易額大幅成長

因此:

trade has soared

意為「貿易已大幅增加」,完全符合上下文。

選項分析

(A) vibrated

vibrate 意為「振動、震動、顫動」,例如:

  • The machine vibrated loudly.
    這部機器劇烈震動。

trade has vibrated 只能理解為「貿易震動」,不符合貿易量增加的語意,也不是描述貿易成長的慣用搭配,因此錯誤。

(B) soared

soar 意為「急遽上升、飆升、大幅增加」。題幹談到中國企業大量投資非洲,合理結果是亞洲與非洲間的貿易蓬勃發展:

trade has soared
貿易已大幅增加。

此選項在文法與語意上皆正確。

(C) automated

automate 意為「使自動化」,例如:

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第 3 題2 分

The robber has been caught, so has his _____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「語意判斷」與 so + 助動詞 + 主詞 的倒裝句型。

題幹中的:

The robber has been caught, so has his _____.

可還原為:

The robber has been caught, and his _____ has been caught, too.

意思是:「那名強盜已經被捕了,所以他的___也被捕了。」

句中的 has 承接前句的現在完成式被動語態 has been caught,後面的空格必須填入一個「可能與強盜共同犯案、也會被逮捕的人」。


解題方法

先判斷句型:

so + 助動詞 + 主詞

表示「某人/某事也是如此」。

例如:

  • Tom is tired, and so is Mary.
    湯姆很累,瑪麗也是。
  • The suspect has been arrested, and so has his partner.
    嫌疑犯已被逮捕,他的夥伴也一樣。

本題前句為:

The robber has been caught.

因此後句使用:

so has his _____

表示「他的___也已被捕」。

再根據 robber(強盜)與 has been caught(已被捕)的語意,應選擇能指「共犯、同夥」的名詞。


題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句為:

The robber has been caught, so has his accomplice.

翻譯:

那名強盜已經被捕了,所以他的共犯也被捕了。

其中:

  • robber:強盜、搶匪
  • be caught:被抓到、被捕
  • accomplice:共犯、同夥、幫兇
  • so has his accomplice:他的共犯也一樣

選項分析

(A) accomplice

accomplice 是「共犯、同夥、幫兇」,指協助他人犯罪的人。

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第 4 題2 分

Medical science has proved that smoking is _____ to health.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與形容詞搭配。句型為:

Medical science has proved that smoking is _____ to health.
醫學已證明,吸菸對健康是 _____ 的。

在 is _____ to health 中,空格需要填入能描述「吸菸對健康造成負面影響」的形容詞。關鍵搭配是:

  • pernicious to health:對健康有害、危害健康

因此答案為 pernicious。

解題方法

先抓句意核心:

  • smoking:吸菸
  • health:健康
  • is _____ to health:對健康是……的

吸菸對健康的影響屬於負面,因此空格應填入表示「有害、致命性危害」的形容詞。pernicious 正是「有害的、具破壞性的」,常與 to health 搭配。

題幹中的定位句為:

smoking is pernicious to health
吸菸對健康有害。

has proved 為現在完成式,表示「已經證明」,但本題主要考點在 pernicious to health 的語意與搭配。

選項分析

(A) pernicious:有害的、具破壞性的

符合「吸菸危害健康」的句意,且 pernicious to health 是自然且正確的搭配。

(B) exhilarating:令人興奮的、使人振奮的

此字表示帶來愉快、刺激或興奮的感受,例如:

  • an exhilarating experience:令人振奮的經驗

smoking is exhilarating to health 語意不通,因為吸菸對健康並非正面或振奮性的影響。

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第 5 題2 分

After boiling the broccoli, _____ it in ice water to stop the cooking process.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「字義辨識」與「動詞搭配」。句意是:花椰菜煮沸後,將它放入冰水中,使烹煮過程停止。

關鍵片語是:

  • boil:煮沸;以沸水烹煮
  • ice water:冰水
  • stop the cooking process:停止烹煮過程
  • submerge A in B:將 A 浸入 B 中

蔬菜煮熟後立即放入冰水,稱為 shock the vegetables,可利用低溫迅速停止餘熱烹煮,維持蔬菜的口感與色澤。因此空格需要填入表示「浸入、沒入」的動詞。

解題方法

先觀察句型:

After boiling the broccoli, _____ it in ice water to stop the cooking process.
花椰菜煮沸後,將它浸入冰水中,以停止烹煮過程。

句首的 After boiling the broccoli 是時間副詞片語,表示「在煮花椰菜之後」。主要子句中的主詞省略,屬於祈使句,完整意思相當於:

After boiling the broccoli, submerge it in ice water...

動詞 submerge 可作及物動詞,後面接受詞 it,再接介系詞片語 in ice water,形成自然且正確的搭配:

submerge it in ice water
將它浸入冰水中

語意上,冰水能迅速降低花椰菜的溫度,因此符合 to stop the cooking process 的目的。

選項分析

(A) paint:繪畫;塗漆

paint it in ice water

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第 6 題2 分

_____ are rocky, airless worlds that orbit our sun, but are too small to be called planets.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「天文學基本名詞」與上下文語意判斷。

題幹描述的對象具有三項特徵:

  1. rocky:由岩石構成的。
  2. airless:沒有大氣的。
  3. orbit our sun, but are too small to be called planets:繞太陽運行,但體積太小,不能稱為行星。

符合這些條件的是 asteroids(小行星)。

解題方法

先觀察文法:

  • 空格後接 are,表示主詞必須是複數名詞。
  • 題幹以 but 連接兩個特徵,後半句進一步界定前半句所指的天體。
  • 「繞太陽運行,但小到不能稱為行星」是小行星的典型定義。

題幹定位答案的原文為:

_____ are rocky, airless worlds that orbit our sun, but are too small to be called planets.

翻譯:

_____ 是由岩石構成、沒有大氣的天體,繞著我們的太陽運行,但體積太小,不能被稱為行星。

因此空格應填入 Asteroids:

Asteroids are rocky, airless worlds that orbit our sun, but are too small to be called planets.

意思是:

小行星是由岩石構成、沒有大氣的天體,繞著太陽運行,但體積太小,不能被稱為行星。

文法與語意重點

  • are 是複數 be 動詞,因此答案須為複數名詞。
  • orbit 在此作動詞,意為「繞軌道運行」。
  • too small to be called planets 是「太小而不能被稱為行星」:
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第 7 題2 分

His last book was published _____, instead of being destroyed.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗高階副詞字彙辨析與前後文語意邏輯搭配。
題幹中包含重要提示線索:主詞為「His last book」(他生前最後一本著作/遺作),且後方接續片語「instead of being destroyed」(而非遭到銷毀)。在文學史常見背景(例如卡夫卡 Franz Kafka 逝世前交代友人銷毀手稿,但友人最終仍將其身後出版)之語境下,考查動詞 publish(出版)與副詞搭配的合適度。


解題方法

  1. 分析句子結構與線索:
  • 句型結構:His last book was published [副詞], instead of being destroyed.
  • 主詞 His last book 搭配動詞 was published,表明該書是作者的「最後一本書」。
  • instead of being destroyed(而不是被銷毀)顯示該作品原本可能面臨被毀滅的命運,但最終仍在作者死後被出版。
  1. 語意邏輯配對:
  • 能精確修飾「出版遺作」之狀態的副詞,唯有表示「死後地、於身後」的 posthumously。
  • 全句譯文:「他的最後一本書是在他死後出版的,而沒有依照原定意願遭到銷毀。」

選項分析

  • (A) noxiously
  • 詞性與字義:副詞,有害地、有毒地、令人厭惡地(源自形容詞 noxious)。
  • 錯誤原因:書籍出版在正常文意下不會以「有毒地/有害地」方式進行,語意不通且無上下文支持。
  • (B) transcendentally
  • 詞性與字義:副詞,超越地、卓越地、超然地(源自形容詞 transcendental)。
  • 錯誤原因:此字多用於哲學(如康德先驗哲學)或精神層面的超越,不合修飾書籍實體出版的情境。
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第 8 題2 分

A healthy indoor environment is one that is provided with adequate ventilation and is free of toxins and pollutants.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題屬於同義字/代換片語辨析題(Synonym Replacement)。此題型是學士後中醫(特別是中國醫藥大學)英文科的常考題型之一,題幹中會劃線特定片語(本題劃線處為 free of),測驗考生對核心形容詞片語、介系詞搭配以及語意轉折與對應的精準理解。

  • 原句語意分析:

"A healthy indoor environment is one that is provided with adequate ventilation and is free of toxins and pollutants."
(一個健康的室內環境,是指具備充足通風且免於/不受……影響於毒素與污染物的環境。)

  • 關鍵片語解析:
  • be free of / from sth:表示「免除……的、無……的、不受……侵害/影響的」。
  • 在語境中,健康的室內環境必須具備「充足通風(adequate ventilation)」並達到「不受毒素與污染物影響(unaffected by toxins and pollutants)」的狀態。

解題方法

  1. 抓取對等邏輯與正負向詞性:
    題幹前半部為正面條件「provided with adequate ventilation(具備充足通風)」,以對等連接詞 and 連接後半部的條件。後半部的受詞為負面詞彙「toxins and pollutants(毒素與污染物)」,因此空格/代換詞必須具備「負負得正」的語意,即「沒有、去除、不受……干擾」。
  2. 片語代換驗證:
    「free of toxins and pollutants」表示室內環境中沒有毒素,亦即不會受到毒素與污染物的影響/危害。五個選項中,僅有 (D) unaffected by(不受……影響)能準確傳達此一語意。

選項分析

  • (A) overloaded with(錯誤)
  • 字義:充滿……、超載、負荷過重(=burdened with / packed with)。
  • 解析:與原意完全相反。健康的環境絕不可能「充斥著毒素與污染物」。
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第 9 題2 分

On its last mission to the moon in 1972, the Apollo spacecraft wound up with a record of seventy-five hours on the surface of the moon.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查動詞片語的同義替換(Synonym Replacement)與前後語境搭配。
題幹劃線(或核心欲替換)動詞片語為 wind up with(以……告終、以……結束)。考生需掌握動詞片語的精確語意,並從選項中挑選出語意相符、文法結構相稱(均搭配介系詞 with)的最佳同義片語。


題幹解析與中文翻譯

  • 原文定位句:

"On its last mission to the moon in 1972, the Apollo spacecraft wound up with a record of seventy-five hours on the surface of the moon."

  • 句構分析:
  • 時間/背景狀語:On its last mission to the moon in 1972(1972 年最後一次登月任務中)
  • 主詞:the Apollo spacecraft(阿波羅太空船)
  • 謂語動詞:wound up with(為 wind up with 的過去式,意為「以……為結束/告終」)
  • 受詞:a record of seventy-five hours on the surface of the moon(在月球表面停留 75 小時的紀錄)
  • 完整翻譯:
    「1972 年最後一次執行登月任務時,阿波羅太空船以在月球表面停留 75 小時的紀錄劃下句點。」

解題方法

  1. 分析原片語語意:
  • wind up 常見含義包括「結束、收尾(end / finish)」或「最終落得……下場(end up)」。
  • 片語動詞搭配介系詞 wind up with something 即表示「以某事物作結」、「最終獲得/達到某結果(to end or finish with something)」。
  1. 尋找同義替換:
  • 選項 (B) 的 conclude with 意為「以……結束/告終」,其過去式 concluded with 恰好能與 wound up with 進行完全對等的語意替換。

選項分析

  • (A) was wiped out by(錯誤)
  • 字義:被……徹底消滅、摧毀。
  • 說明:wipe out 意為「澈底毀滅、消除」,被動式搭配 by 表示動作主體。
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第 10 題2 分

She now seems to be trying to disavow her earlier statements.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查近義動詞的語意辨識,重點在於判斷 disavow 的同義字。

題幹:

She now seems to be trying to disavow her earlier statements.
她現在似乎正試圖否認自己先前所說的話。

disavow 的意思是「否認、不承認、公開撇清與某事的關係」,常用於否認先前的言論、立場、行為或責任。

其中:

  • dis- 表示否定、相反
  • avow 表示公開承認、宣稱

因此,disavow 可理解為「不承認、否認」,與 repudiate 的「否認、拒絕接受、駁斥」最接近。

解題方法

先抓住句中的關鍵片語:

disavow her earlier statements

her earlier statements 指「她先前的陳述、言論」,表示她現在想否認或撇清自己過去說過的話。

再將各選項代入語意:

  • 若表示「承認、確認」,與 disavow 的否定語氣相反。
  • 若表示「解除武裝」,與否認言論無關。
  • 若表示「詳述、闡述」,也不符合語境。
  • 只有 repudiate 具有「否認、拒絕承認、駁斥」之意。

因此答案為 (E) repudiate。

選項分析

(A) acknowledge
意為「承認、確認、知悉」。

例如:

He acknowledged his mistake.
他承認自己的錯誤。

acknowledge 表示接受或承認某件事,與 disavow 的「否認、不承認」意思相反,因此錯誤。

(B) confirm
意為「證實、確認、確定」。

例如:

The witness confirmed the story.
證人證實了這個說法。

confirm 是確認某項說法為真;題幹則是要否認先前的說法,語意方向相反,因此錯誤。

(C) disarm
意為「解除武裝;使失去攻擊力;化解敵意」。

例如:

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第 11 題2 分

David’s entrenched incapacity for decision-making does not make him a good boss.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 關鍵單字辨義。
  2. 同義字判斷。
  3. 依句意判斷名詞適用性。

題幹中的核心片語是:

  • entrenched:根深蒂固的、根深蒂固而難以改變的
  • incapacity:無能力、不能勝任
  • decision-making:決策、做決定
  • good boss:好的主管

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹原文:

David’s entrenched incapacity for decision-making does not make him a good boss.

其中 incapacity for decision-making 指「無法做決策的能力缺失」,整句翻譯為:

David 根深蒂固的決策無能,使他無法成為一名好主管。

題目要求找出與 incapacity 意義最接近的選項。incapacity 與 incompetence 都表示「缺乏能力、無能、不能勝任」,因此選擇 (A)。

解題方法

先將題幹中的關鍵語意抽出:

incapacity for decision-making
無法做決策、缺乏決策能力

再逐一比對選項。答案必須與「無能力、無法勝任」的概念相符。

  • in- 常有「不、無、缺乏」之意。
  • competence 表示「能力、勝任」。
  • incompetence 即「缺乏能力、無能、不能勝任」。

因此:

incompetence≈incapacity\text{incompetence} \approx \text{incapacity}

選項分析

(A) incompetence|無能、不能勝任

正確。incompetence 指缺乏完成某件事所需的能力或技巧,與 incapacity 的「無能力、不能勝任」相近。

句意可理解為:

David 根深蒂固的決策無能,使他不是一位好主管。

主管需要判斷情勢並做出決策,因此「決策無能」會直接影響其領導能力。

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第 12 題2 分

Nuclear energy, which one promised to be the high-tech star of the postwar world, has, in a certain sense, become a byword for disaster today.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與固定搭配,關鍵在於:

become a synonym for …
成為……的同義詞;引申為「成為……的代名詞」

題幹中的 byword 指「代名詞、典型、眾所皆知的象徵」。因此,核能如今已成為「災難」的代名詞,與 a synonym for disaster 的語意最接近。

題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句為:

Nuclear energy … has, in a certain sense, become a byword for disaster today.

翻譯:

核能——這項曾被期待成為戰後世界高科技明星的能源——在某種意義上,如今已成為災難的代名詞。

其中 a byword for disaster 表示「災難的代名詞、災難的典型象徵」,不是指字面上的單純「一個詞」,而是指某事物已經讓人聯想到某種負面結果。

文法與語意重點

  1. which one promised to be the high-tech star of the postwar world 是非限定關係子句,補充說明 Nuclear energy。

  2. promised to be 表示「當時被認為將會成為、被期待成為」,此處不一定是核能自己做出承諾。

  3. has become 是現在完成式,表示從過去的形象發展到現在的狀態。

  4. in a certain sense 表示「在某種意義上」,用來修飾整個主句,語氣上承認核能並非在所有層面都等同於災難。

  5. a byword for disaster 是本題最重要的語意搭配。若將 byword 替換成選項,只有 a synonym 能自然表達「代名詞」的意思:

has become a synonym for disaster
已成為災難的代名詞。

選項分析

(A) an indication

indication 是「跡象、表示、徵兆、指示」。

若填入後為:

has become an indication for disaster

語意變成「已成為災難的跡象」,且通常搭配為 an indication of disaster,不用 an indication for disaster。

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第 13 題2 分

For more than two centuries, economic opportunity and the prospect of upward mobility have formed the bedrock on which the American dream is based.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字義辨析,關鍵在於理解 bedrock 的比喻義。

句中:

For more than two centuries, economic opportunity and the prospect of upward mobility have formed the bedrock on which the American dream is based.

翻譯:

兩百多年來,經濟機會與向上流動的前景,一直構成美國夢所建立的基礎。

bedrock 原意是「基岩、底岩」,引申為「最根本的基礎、基石」。因此,與其意思最接近的選項是 basis(基礎、根據)。


解題方法

先抓住句子的核心結構:

  • economic opportunity and the prospect of upward mobility:經濟機會與向上流動的前景
  • have formed:已形成、一直構成
  • the bedrock:根基、基石
  • on which the American dream is based:美國夢所建立的基礎

其中 on which 引導關係子句,修飾前面的 bedrock:

  • the bedrock on which the American dream is based
  • 美國夢建立於其上的基礎

將 bedrock 替換成選項後,只有 basis 能自然表達「根基、基礎」的意思:

economic opportunity and the prospect of upward mobility have formed the basis on which the American dream is based.

雖然 basis 與 based 字形相近,但語意與文法仍然成立:

  • basis 是名詞,意為「基礎、根據」
  • based 是過去分詞,構成片語 be based on,意為「建立在……之上」

關鍵單字與片語

  • for more than two centuries:超過兩個世紀以來
  • economic opportunity:經濟機會
  • prospect:前景、可能性
  • upward mobility:向上流動,特別指社會階級或經濟地位的提升
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第 14 題2 分

I decided not to be miserly for once and bought first-class tickets to be sure of a seat.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨識」與語境判讀,目標單字是 miserly。

  • miserly:吝嗇的、小氣的;不願花錢的
  • stingy:吝嗇的、小氣的

兩者皆表示過度節省、不願意花錢,詞義最接近,因此答案為 (B) stingy。

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句:

I decided not to be miserly for once and bought first-class tickets to be sure of a seat.

翻譯:

我決定這一次不再吝嗇,買了頭等票,以確保有座位。

句中 not to be miserly 表示「不要吝嗇、不要小氣」。後面的 bought first-class tickets 說明說話者願意花較多錢買頭等票,正好呼應「不吝嗇」的語境。

題目要找的是 miserly 的同義字,不是找符合「買頭等票」這個行為的形容詞。

解題方法

先判斷句中單字的詞性與語意:

  • be miserly:be 動詞後接形容詞,表示「是吝嗇的、表現得很小氣」。
  • not to be miserly:不吝嗇、不小氣。
  • 買頭等票代表願意花錢,因此可確認 miserly 指的是「吝嗇」而非「慷慨」或「奢侈」。

再將各選項與 miserly 進行同義比較,只有 stingy 具有相同的「小氣、吝嗇」意思。

選項分析

  • (A) generous:慷慨的、大方的。
    與 miserly 意義相反。
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第 15 題2 分

Try to bridle your criticism next time so that it is helpful and not hurtful.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「同義字辨析」與動詞搭配。關鍵在於理解片語:

  • bridle:約束、抑制、控制
  • criticism:批評、批判
  • helpful:有幫助的
  • hurtful:造成傷害的、傷人的

句意是:

Try to bridle your criticism next time so that it is helpful and not hurtful.
下次試著克制你的批評,讓它具有幫助性,而不是傷人的。

其中 bridle 原意是「給馬套上馬勒」,引申為「控制、約束情緒、言語或行為」。因此,與 bridle 意義最接近的選項是 restrain。

解題方法

先將題幹改寫成較直接的意思:

下次請你 ______ 你的批評,使批評能幫助人,而非傷害人。

後半句 so that it is helpful and not hurtful 提供重要語意線索:說話者希望對方控制批評的語氣與程度,避免批評變成傷人的攻擊。

因此空格需要填入「抑制、約束、控制」之意的動詞:

  • bridle = restrain
  • 句型為 restrain + one’s criticism,表示「克制自己的批評」。

選項分析

(A) stultify

stultify 的意思是「使變得無效、使顯得愚蠢、使失去活力」。

例如:

Excessive regulations may stultify creativity.
過度的規定可能使創意失去活力。

此字不表示「控制批評」,放入題幹後無法表達「避免批評傷人」的意思,因此錯誤。

(B) restrain

restrain 的意思是「抑制、約束、克制」。

例如:

She restrained her anger during the meeting.
她在會議期間克制了自己的怒氣。

題幹中的 bridle your criticism 就是「克制你的批評」,與 restrain your criticism 意義相同。這也符合後面的 so that it is helpful and not hurtful:控制批評的表達方式,使其具有建設性,而非造成傷害。

因此選 (B)。

(C) defeat

defeat 的意思是「擊敗、打敗、戰勝」。

例如:

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第 16 題2 分

_____, can we be sure of passing our examination.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「限制副詞片語置於句首時,所引發的部分倒裝」。

完整句為:

Only by studying hard can we be sure of passing our examination.
只有努力讀書,我們才能確定通過考試。

句首的 Only by studying hard 是「only + 介系詞片語」,表示唯一的方法或條件。當帶有限制、否定意味的副詞或副詞片語置於句首時,主要子句須採部分倒裝:

Only + 副詞片語+助動詞/情態助動詞+主詞+原形動詞\text{Only + 副詞片語} + \text{助動詞/情態助動詞} + \text{主詞} + \text{原形動詞}

因此:

  • 原本語序:we can be sure
  • 倒裝後:can we be sure

解題方法

先判斷空格後的主要句子:

can we be sure of passing our examination

其中已出現情態助動詞 can,而且主詞 we 位於 can 之後,顯示此處需要「倒裝語序」。能自然引發倒裝的選項是 Only by studying hard:

Only by studying hard, can we be sure of passing our examination.

其中:

  • by + V-ing:藉由做某事
  • studying hard:努力讀書
  • be sure of + V-ing:確信能夠做某事
  • passing our examination:通過考試

關鍵單字與片語

  • only:只有
  • by:藉由、透過
  • study hard:努力讀書
  • be sure of:確信、確定
  • pass an examination:通過考試
  • examination:考試,正式用語
  • can:能夠;在此表示「才能」

選項分析

(A) It is hard studying

It is hard studying 可理解為「讀書很辛苦」,但此片語不能修飾後面的 can we be sure,也無法合理說明為何後句要倒裝。

若要表達「讀書很困難」,通常會說:

It is hard to study.

若要表達「努力讀書才能通過考試」,則應使用 Only by studying hard。

因此 (A) 錯誤。

(B) Only by studying hard

此選項符合句意與文法:

Only by studying hard can we be sure of passing our examination.

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第 17 題2 分

Having seen the movie, _____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗的核心文法為分詞構句(Participle Clause)的主詞一致性,以及醫學/生理症狀之常見英文動詞搭配(Collocation)。

  1. 分詞構句的主詞一致原則(Dangling Participle 懸垂分詞防範):
  • 當副詞子句簡化為分詞構句時,省略主詞的前提是「分詞片語的邏輯主詞」必須與「主要子句的主詞」一致。
  • 題幹逗號前為:Having seen the movie(看完這部電影之後)。
  • 「看電影(see the movie)」這個動作的發出者必然是有生命、有意識的人,絕不可能是抽象的生理症狀(如 my headache)或身體部位(如 my head)。因此,主要子句的主詞必須是人(I)。
  1. 身體症狀的正確搭配詞(Collocation):
  • 「頭痛」為名詞 headache,英文表達「我頭痛得很厲害」標準句型為:I have a bad/terrible headache.。
  • headache 為名詞,不可作為形容詞或狀態補語接在連綴動詞(如 become)之後。

題幹定位與翻譯

  • 原文:Having seen the movie, _____.
  • 還原完整副詞子句:After I had seen the movie, I had a bad headache.
  • 中文翻譯:看完那部電影之後,我頭痛得厲害。

選項分析

  • (A) my headache came badly(錯誤)
  1. 主詞邏輯不合(懸垂分詞):主要子句主詞為 my headache(我的頭痛),這會導致前面的分詞構句變成「頭痛看了這部電影」,邏輯荒謬。
  2. 搭配用法不自然:英文表達頭痛發作或劇烈,不會使用 headache came badly 這種中式英文(Chinglish)。
  • (B) my headache felt bad(錯誤)
  1. 主詞邏輯不合(懸垂分詞):主詞同樣是 my headache,無法充當 Having seen the movie 的邏輯主詞。
  2. 語意語法錯誤:連綴動詞 feel bad 的主詞通常是「人」(表達感到不適、內疚或難過),頭痛本身無法去「感覺(feel)」。
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第 18 題2 分

It begins at the age of six _____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗重點為對等連接詞的對稱結構(Parallel Structure)與句子結構完整性(主詞與動詞一致、關係代名詞子句結構、分詞構句條件)。

  1. 對等連接詞(Coordinating Conjunction):and 可用來連接兩個對等的動詞片語,共用同一個主詞 It。
  • 句型:主詞 (It) + 動詞 1 (begins...) + and + 動詞 2 (leads...)。
  1. 關係代名詞子句(Relative Clause):關係代名詞(如 which)在子句中作主詞時,其後的動詞必須完整且符合主詞與動詞一致性(Subject-Verb Agreement)。
  2. 副詞與連詞的區分:then 是副詞(Adverb),不是對等連接詞,不可直接連接兩個子句或接續分詞而缺乏適當連接詞。

題幹解析與中文翻譯

  • 題幹引文:

"It begins at the age of six _____."

  • 句意分析:
  • It 為主詞(在文脈中指稱某國的小學教育階段,如新加坡的小學教育制度)。
  • begins 為現在式單數動詞。
  • at the age of six 為介系詞片語作時間修飾語。
  • 中文翻譯:

「它始於六歲,並以小學離校會考(PSLE)為終點(接著帶來小學離校會考)。」


選項分析

  • (A) and leads to the Elementary School Leaving Examination【正確】
    and 是對等連接詞,精準連接兩個單數現在式動詞:begins 與 leads。主詞皆為第三人稱單數代名詞 It,文法完全平行且對稱(It begins... and leads...),句意連貫。

  • (B) then leading to the Elementary School Leaving Examination【錯誤】
    then 為時間副詞(Adverb),並非對等連接詞。若要形成表結果的分詞構句,應為逗號加上分詞(..., then leading to... 或 ..., leading to...)。題幹空格前並無逗號隔開,且 then 本身無法作為連接詞使用,造成句子結構錯誤。

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第 19 題2 分

_____, follow the directions on the bottle carefully.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「副詞子句簡化為分詞構句(Participle Construction)」與「祈使句(Imperative Sentence)的主詞省略」。

  1. 祈使句的主詞:
    主要子句 follow the directions on the bottle carefully 為祈使句,其省略的邏輯主詞固定為第二人稱代名詞 you。
  2. 副詞子句簡化規則:
  • 完整副詞子句原形為:When you take drugs。
  • 當副詞子句的主詞與主要子句的邏輯主詞一致(皆為 you)時,可進行簡化:
  • 省略主詞 you。
  • 動詞依主動語態改為現在分詞:take→taking\text{take} \rightarrow \text{taking}。
  • 保留具時間提示功能的從屬連接詞 When,形成:When taking drugs。

解題方法

  1. 分析主要子句結構:
    主要子句為以原形動詞 follow 開頭的祈使句,可知對象(邏輯主詞)為 you。
  2. 判斷空格所屬結構與語態:
    逗號前需要一個表時間的副詞修飾語(副詞子句或分詞片語)。
    邏輯主詞 you 與動詞 take(服藥)之間為主動關係(人服用藥物,後面接有受詞 drugs)。
  3. 比對選項語法結構:
  • 保留連接詞的分詞構句主動式應寫為 When taking drugs。
  • 完整副詞子句則需維持「連接詞 + 主詞 + 動詞」且主詞需呼應主要子句邏輯主詞。

選項分析

  • (A) When taken drugs:錯誤。
    taken 為過去分詞(V-ppV\text{-pp}),代表被動語態。若還原其主詞,會變成「當你被服藥」,語意不通;且若為被動語態,其後不應直接再接名詞受詞 drugs。
  • (B) When one takes drugs:錯誤。
    主詞 one 為泛指第三人稱,但後方主要子句為祈使句,其隱含的受話者兼邏輯主詞為 you(第二人稱)。前後主詞人稱不一致,造成語意指涉斷裂,並非標準且自然的搭配。
  • (C) When taking drugs:正確。
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第 20 題2 分

Statistics show that after the speed limit had been reduced, _____.

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這一題的完整詳解

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句:

Statistics show that after the speed limit had been reduced, _____.

翻譯:統計資料顯示,在速限降低之後,_____。

完整句為:

Statistics show that after the speed limit had been reduced, fewer accidents took place.

翻譯:統計資料顯示,在速限降低之後,發生的事故較少。

核心觀念

本題主要考三項:

  1. 比較級限定詞 fewer
  • few 用於可數名詞,表示「少數的」。
  • 比較級為 fewer,表示「較少的」。
  • accidents 是可數名詞複數,因此使用 fewer accidents。
  • 例如:fewer cars、fewer mistakes、fewer students。
  1. 動詞片語 take place
  • take place 表示「發生、舉行」。
  • 過去式為 took place。
  • fewer accidents took place 即「發生較少的事故」。
  1. 過去完成式與過去式的時間先後
  • had been reduced 是過去完成式被動語態,表示「在過去某個時間點之前已被降低」。
  • 後面的主要結果使用過去式 took place,表示速限降低後所觀察到的結果。
  • 時間順序為:

速限被降低→事故較少發生\text{速限被降低} \rightarrow \text{事故較少發生}

解題方法

先觀察空格後需要接一個完整子句。句型為:

after + 過去完成式,主詞 + 過去式動詞

空格中的主詞應是「較少的事故」,可組成:

fewer accidents

接著需要表示「發生」的動詞。take place 是固定片語,過去式為 took place,因此形成:

fewer accidents took place

代回原句:

Statistics show that after the speed limit had been reduced, fewer accidents took place.

句意、詞性、語序與時態均完整,故選 (D)。

選項分析

(A) many accidents will not occur

will not occur 是未來式,表示「將不會發生許多事故」。題幹描述的是速限降低後,統計資料所呈現的過去結果,與 had been reduced 和整體語境的過去時間不一致。

此外,題意是「事故數量變少」,最自然的表達是 fewer accidents took place,不是「許多事故將不會發生」。故錯誤。

(B) not so many accidents were happening

此選項的基本語法並非完全不通,但不符合本題最佳語境。

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第 21 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In order to be considered as a hero by his or her own and subsequent generations, a person must display extraordinary physical or intellectual powers. The physical hero—one who _____ great strength to overcome monumental obstacles and emerge a victor—is frequently found in literature. Samson, _____ chained and bound, used his superhuman strength to destroy his enemies, the Philistines. Joan of Arc inspired the French army with her energy and willingness to share their hardships. _____, Dwight Eisenhower, a more contemporary physical hero, surmounted overwhelming odds to organize the successful Allied invasion of “Fortress Europe” during World War II. A second heroic type is the intellectual, _____ his or her mental prowess and the way he or she uses it to the benefit of mankind. Leonardo DaVinci, with his studies of architecture, human anatomy, and engineering, _____ his great artistic achievements, is a perfect example of this second type. More recently, Madame Curie and Albert Einstein, who not only made far-reaching contributions in the physical sciences but also worked diligently toward achieving world peace, illustrate the intellectual ones.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「關係子句中的主動詞搭配」。

定位答案的關鍵句是:

The physical hero—one who _____ great strength to overcome monumental obstacles and emerge a victor—is frequently found in literature.
肉體型英雄——也就是展現強大力量以克服巨大障礙並成為勝利者的人——經常出現在文學作品中。

空格前的先行詞是 one,指「一個人」,因此關係代名詞 who 所引導的子句中,動詞必須使用第三人稱單數形式。語意上,此處要表達英雄「展現強大的力量」,故選 exhibits。

解題方法

句型可拆解為:

  • one who exhibits great strength:一個展現強大力量的人
  • to overcome monumental obstacles:為了克服巨大的障礙
  • and emerge a victor:並成為勝利者

其中 exhibit 表示「展現、顯露」,常用於展現能力、特質、行為或情感:

  • exhibit great strength:展現強大力量
  • exhibit talent:展現才華
  • exhibit courage:展現勇氣
  • exhibit symptoms:呈現症狀

主詞是單數的 one,因此:

one who+exhibits\text{one who} + \text{exhibits}

不能使用原形 exhibit。

選項分析

(A) advocates:提倡、擁護

advocate 通常表示「提倡某種主張、政策或理念」,例如 advocate peace(提倡和平)。英雄並非「提倡強大的力量」,而是「展現強大的力量」,與 great strength 的語意搭配不合,故錯誤。

(B) disguises:掩飾、偽裝

disguise 表示「掩飾、偽裝」,例如 disguise one’s identity(掩飾身分)。英雄需要運用並展現力量來克服障礙,並非把力量偽裝起來,故不合文意。

(C) exhibits:展現、顯露

exhibit 表示「展現、顯示」。exhibits great strength 意為「展現強大的力量」,符合肉體型英雄的定義;且主詞 one 為第三人稱單數,動詞使用 exhibits,文法與語意皆正確。

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第 22 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In order to be considered as a hero by his or her own and subsequent generations, a person must display extraordinary physical or intellectual powers. The physical hero—one who _____ great strength to overcome monumental obstacles and emerge a victor—is frequently found in literature. Samson, _____ chained and bound, used his superhuman strength to destroy his enemies, the Philistines. Joan of Arc inspired the French army with her energy and willingness to share their hardships. _____, Dwight Eisenhower, a more contemporary physical hero, surmounted overwhelming odds to organize the successful Allied invasion of “Fortress Europe” during World War II. A second heroic type is the intellectual, _____ his or her mental prowess and the way he or she uses it to the benefit of mankind. Leonardo DaVinci, with his studies of architecture, human anatomy, and engineering, _____ his great artistic achievements, is a perfect example of this second type. More recently, Madame Curie and Albert Einstein, who not only made far-reaching contributions in the physical sciences but also worked diligently toward achieving world peace, illustrate the intellectual ones.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查連接詞的語意與句型判斷,重點是辨識「讓步關係」:

  • although:雖然、儘管,引導讓步副詞子句。
  • 句型:Although+S+V, S+VAlthough + S + V,\ S + V
  • 若 although 放在主詞後、主要動詞前,也可形成插入的讓步片語:

Samson, although chained and bound, used...

其中 chained and bound 是過去分詞片語,修飾主詞 Samson,完整意思相當於:

Samson, although he was chained and bound, used his superhuman strength...

解題方法

定位本題空格所在句:

Samson, _____ chained and bound, used his superhuman strength to destroy his enemies, the Philistines.

翻譯為:

Samson 雖然被鎖鏈捆綁,仍運用他超人的力量摧毀敵人——非利士人。

句中「被鎖住、被捆綁」與「使用超人力量摧毀敵人」形成明顯的轉折與讓步關係,因此需要表示「儘管」的連接詞 although。

完整句為:

Samson, although chained and bound, used his superhuman strength to destroy his enemies, the Philistines.

選項分析

  • (A) although:正確

表示「雖然、儘管」,引導讓步關係。Samson 雖然受到鎖鏈與捆綁的限制,卻仍能使用超人力量擊敗敵人,語意完全符合。

although chained and bound 是省略主詞與 be 動詞的副詞子句,完整形式為:

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第 23 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In order to be considered as a hero by his or her own and subsequent generations, a person must display extraordinary physical or intellectual powers. The physical hero—one who _____ great strength to overcome monumental obstacles and emerge a victor—is frequently found in literature. Samson, _____ chained and bound, used his superhuman strength to destroy his enemies, the Philistines. Joan of Arc inspired the French army with her energy and willingness to share their hardships. _____, Dwight Eisenhower, a more contemporary physical hero, surmounted overwhelming odds to organize the successful Allied invasion of “Fortress Europe” during World War II. A second heroic type is the intellectual, _____ his or her mental prowess and the way he or she uses it to the benefit of mankind. Leonardo DaVinci, with his studies of architecture, human anatomy, and engineering, _____ his great artistic achievements, is a perfect example of this second type. More recently, Madame Curie and Albert Einstein, who not only made far-reaching contributions in the physical sciences but also worked diligently toward achieving world peace, illustrate the intellectual ones.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查克漏字中的「語意銜接」與副詞用法。關鍵在於判斷空格前後兩個例子的關係:

  • 前文介紹 Joan of Arc 作為「體能型英雄」。
  • 空格後介紹 Dwight Eisenhower,同樣是克服重大困難、完成偉大軍事任務的「體能型英雄」。

因此,空格需要表達「同樣地、也一樣」的副詞,答案為 Likewise。


關鍵句定位與翻譯

題幹相關句子為:

Joan of Arc inspired the French army with her energy and willingness to share their hardships. Likewise, Dwight Eisenhower, a more contemporary physical hero, surmounted overwhelming odds to organize the successful Allied invasion of “Fortress Europe” during World War II.

翻譯:

聖女貞德以她的活力,以及願意與法軍共同承受艱苦的精神,激勵了法國軍隊。同樣地,德懷特・艾森豪威爾這位較近代的體能型英雄,也克服了壓倒性的困難,在第二次世界大戰期間組織成功的盟軍「歐洲堡壘」入侵行動。

前後兩句都是列舉體能型英雄的事例,語意上是「同類事例的並列」,所以使用 Likewise 最恰當。


解題方法

先判斷空格的詞性。空格位於句首,後面有逗號:

_____, Dwight Eisenhower, a more contemporary physical hero, surmounted...

此處需要一個句首副詞,修飾整個後面的句子,並負責連接前後文。

再判斷上下文邏輯:

  1. Joan of Arc 是體能型英雄。
  2. Dwight Eisenhower 也是體能型英雄。
  3. 兩人都在艱困環境中展現卓越能力。

因此,空格應表達「同樣地」,選 Likewise。


選項分析

(A) Tangibly:具體地;有形地

Tangibly 表示「以具體、有形的方式」,通常用來說明某種影響或成果可以實際感受到,例如:

The policy tangibly improved people’s lives.
這項政策實際改善了人們的生活。

本句重點是比較 Joan of Arc 與 Eisenhower 都屬於體能型英雄,並非說 Eisenhower「以有形方式」完成某事,因此不合語意。


(B) Gradually:逐漸地

Gradually 表示事情「逐步、漸漸地」發生,強調變化的過程,例如:

The situation gradually improved.
情況逐漸改善。

題幹沒有描述 Eisenhower 的行動逐步發生,而是在列舉另一位相同類型的英雄,因此不適合使用。


(C) Indeed:的確;確實

Indeed 可用來加強語氣,表示「確實如此」,也可用來補充或確認前述內容,例如:

Indeed, he was one of the greatest leaders of his time.
的確,他是那個時代最偉大的領袖之一。

本句需要的是「另一個相似例子」的連接語,而不是單純強調 Eisenhower 的確是英雄。使用 Indeed 無法清楚表達前後例子的平行關係。


(D) Likewise:同樣地;也一樣

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第 24 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In order to be considered as a hero by his or her own and subsequent generations, a person must display extraordinary physical or intellectual powers. The physical hero—one who _____ great strength to overcome monumental obstacles and emerge a victor—is frequently found in literature. Samson, _____ chained and bound, used his superhuman strength to destroy his enemies, the Philistines. Joan of Arc inspired the French army with her energy and willingness to share their hardships. _____, Dwight Eisenhower, a more contemporary physical hero, surmounted overwhelming odds to organize the successful Allied invasion of “Fortress Europe” during World War II. A second heroic type is the intellectual, _____ his or her mental prowess and the way he or she uses it to the benefit of mankind. Leonardo DaVinci, with his studies of architecture, human anatomy, and engineering, _____ his great artistic achievements, is a perfect example of this second type. More recently, Madame Curie and Albert Einstein, who not only made far-reaching contributions in the physical sciences but also worked diligently toward achieving world peace, illustrate the intellectual ones.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考克漏字中的「語意判斷+分詞構句」。空格位於:

_____, Dwight Eisenhower, a more contemporary physical hero, surmounted overwhelming odds to organize the successful Allied invasion...

句中主詞是 Dwight Eisenhower,後面的 a more contemporary physical hero 是同位語,說明 Eisenhower 的身分。空格若採用分詞片語,應能在語意上修飾 Dwight Eisenhower,表示「因某項特質而受到敬仰」。

官方答案為 (E) admired for,其語意是「因……而受到敬仰」。

解題方法

先觀察文章脈絡:

  • 前文介紹體力型英雄(physical hero)。
  • Samson 因超人的力量擊敗敵人。
  • Joan of Arc 以活力及與軍隊共患難的精神激勵法軍。
  • 接著介紹較近代的體力型英雄 Dwight Eisenhower。
  • 後文再轉入智力型英雄(intellectual hero)。

因此,Eisenhower 必須是「受到敬仰的英雄人物」。在所有選項中,只有 admired for 能產生正面且符合英雄人物的語意。

定位答案的關鍵句為:

Dwight Eisenhower, a more contemporary physical hero, surmounted overwhelming odds to organize the successful Allied invasion...

可譯為:

較近代的體力型英雄德懷特・艾森豪,克服了壓倒性的困難,組織成功的盟軍入侵行動……

若將官方答案所要表達的意思補完整,應理解為:

Admired for his leadership and military achievements, Dwight Eisenhower ...

即:

德懷特・艾森豪因其領導能力與軍事成就而受到敬仰,並克服壓倒性的困難……

選項分析

(A) suspected by

  • suspect 是「懷疑、猜疑」。
  • be suspected by someone 是「被某人懷疑」。
  • 英雄人物在此段是正面典範,應呈現受到敬仰,而非遭到懷疑。
  • 語意與上下文不合,因此錯誤。

(B) persuaded by

  • persuade 是「說服」。
  • be persuaded by someone 是「被某人說服」。
  • 此處需要描述 Eisenhower 為何成為英雄,並非說明他「被誰說服」。
  • persuaded by 通常後接說服者,例如 persuaded by his colleagues,放在本句中缺乏合理語意,因此錯誤。

(C) loathed for

  • loathe 是「厭惡、憎恨」。
  • be loathed for 表示「因某事而被憎恨」。
  • 英雄人物在本文中受到肯定,與 loathed 的負面意義完全相反。
  • 此選項不符合文章的價值判斷,因此錯誤。

(D) attached into

  • attach 可表示「附加、連接」,常用搭配是 attach A to B,不是 attach into。
  • attached into 並非標準慣用搭配。
  • 即使忽略介系詞錯誤,attached into Dwight Eisenhower 也無法表達「成為英雄」或「因功績受人敬仰」的意思,因此錯誤。

(E) admired for

  • admire 是「欽佩、敬仰」。
  • be admired for + 名詞/動名詞 表示「因……而受到敬仰」。
  • 例如:
  • He is admired for his courage.
    他因勇氣而受到敬仰。
  • She is admired for helping others.
    她因幫助他人而受到敬仰。
  • 本文持續介紹各類英雄人物,Eisenhower 又是成功組織盟軍入侵行動的軍事領袖,因此 admired for 的正面語意最符合全文。

文法與語意重點

  1. be admired for

這是重要片語:

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第 25 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In order to be considered as a hero by his or her own and subsequent generations, a person must display extraordinary physical or intellectual powers. The physical hero—one who _____ great strength to overcome monumental obstacles and emerge a victor—is frequently found in literature. Samson, _____ chained and bound, used his superhuman strength to destroy his enemies, the Philistines. Joan of Arc inspired the French army with her energy and willingness to share their hardships. _____, Dwight Eisenhower, a more contemporary physical hero, surmounted overwhelming odds to organize the successful Allied invasion of “Fortress Europe” during World War II. A second heroic type is the intellectual, _____ his or her mental prowess and the way he or she uses it to the benefit of mankind. Leonardo DaVinci, with his studies of architecture, human anatomy, and engineering, _____ his great artistic achievements, is a perfect example of this second type. More recently, Madame Curie and Albert Einstein, who not only made far-reaching contributions in the physical sciences but also worked diligently toward achieving world peace, illustrate the intellectual ones.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「介系詞片語的語意判斷」,必須依據前後文判斷空格所表達的邏輯關係。

句型為:

Leonardo DaVinci, with his studies of architecture, human anatomy, and engineering, _____ his great artistic achievements, is a perfect example of this second type.

空格後接名詞片語 his great artistic achievements,因此需要填入能表達「除了……之外」的介系詞片語。

in addition to + 名詞 表示「除了……之外;加上……」,符合文章對 Leonardo Da Vinci 多方面才能的描述。


解題方法

先確認文章主旨:本文介紹兩種英雄類型:

  1. physical hero:以非凡體力克服重大障礙。
  2. intellectual hero:展現心智能力,並將其運用於造福人類。

文章提到 Leonardo Da Vinci 不僅研究建築、人體解剖學與工程,也有卓越的藝術成就。因此,空格需要連接他的科學、工程研究與藝術成就,形成「多方面成就」的補充關係。

定位句:

Leonardo DaVinci, with his studies of architecture, human anatomy, and engineering, in addition to his great artistic achievements, is a perfect example of this second type.

翻譯:

Leonardo Da Vinci 除了在建築、人體解剖學與工程方面的研究之外,還有卓越的藝術成就,是第二類英雄的完美例子。

其中 in addition to 後面接名詞片語 his great artistic achievements,文法與語意皆正確。


選項分析

(A) in addition to

意為「除了……之外;加上……」。

套入句中:

with his studies of architecture, human anatomy, and engineering, in addition to his great artistic achievements

表示 Leonardo 同時具備科學、工程與藝術方面的成就,符合文章對「intellectual hero」的說明,正確。

(B) instead of

意為「代替……;而不是……」。

若套入句中,會變成:

Leonardo 以建築、人體解剖學與工程研究,代替他的藝術成就……

這暗示兩者互相排斥,但文章是要累加 Leonardo 的各項成就,並非表示他放棄或取代藝術成就,語意錯誤。

(C) now that

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第 26 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Child development that occurs from birth to adulthood was largely ignored throughout much of history. Children _____ simply as small versions of adults and little attention was paid to the many advances in cognitive abilities, language usage, and physical growth that occurs during childhood and adolescence. Interest in the field of child development finally began to emerge early in the 20th-century; _____, it tended to focus on abnormal behavior. Eventually, researchers became _____ interested in other topics including typical child development as well as the influences on development. Why is it important to study how children grow, learn, and change? An understanding of child development is essential because it allows us to fully appreciate the cognitive, emotional, physical, social and educational growth _____ children go through from birth and into early adulthood. Some of the major theories of child development are known as grand theories; they attempt to describe every aspect of development, often _____ a stage approach. Others are known as mini-theories; they instead focus only on a fairly limited aspect of development, such as cognitive or social growth.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「被動語態」、主詞與動詞的數一致,以及上下文的時態判斷。

句型為:

主詞+be 動詞+過去分詞\text{主詞}+\text{be 動詞}+\text{過去分詞}

題幹主詞是複數名詞 Children,且兒童是「被成年人視為小型成人」,不是主動進行「觀看、視為」的動作者,因此須使用複數過去式被動語態:

Children were viewed\text{Children were viewed}

定位答案的原文與翻譯

Children _____ simply as small versions of adults.

翻譯為:

兒童單純被視為縮小版的成人。

其中 view A as B 表示「把 A 視為 B」。本句中兒童是被視為小型成人的對象,所以使用被動語態 be viewed as。

完整句子為:

Children were viewed simply as small versions of adults.

解題方法

  1. 判斷主詞:
    Children 是複數主詞。

  2. 判斷語態:
    兒童「被視為」小型成人,語意上是被動語態。

  3. 判斷時態:
    文章描述「歷史上長期的觀念」,後文使用過去式 was paid、began、tended,因此此處採過去式。

  4. 組合文法形式:
    複數主詞的過去式被動語態為 were + 過去分詞,因此答案是 were viewed。

選項分析

(A) viewed

錯誤。viewed 是過去分詞,但前面缺少 be 動詞。被動語態必須寫成:

Children were viewed ...

單獨使用 Children viewed ... 會變成主動語態,意思是「兒童視某物為……」,語意不合。

(B) had viewed

錯誤。had viewed 是過去完成式主動語態,表示「兒童曾經視……為……」。此處兒童不是觀看或判斷的主動者,而是被他人看待的對象,因此語態不符;且題幹沒有另一個較晚的過去事件來建立過去完成式的時間先後。

(C) were viewed

正確。were 配合複數主詞 Children,viewed 為過去分詞,構成過去式被動語態 were viewed,符合「兒童被視為小型成人」的語意與

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第 27 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Child development that occurs from birth to adulthood was largely ignored throughout much of history. Children _____ simply as small versions of adults and little attention was paid to the many advances in cognitive abilities, language usage, and physical growth that occurs during childhood and adolescence. Interest in the field of child development finally began to emerge early in the 20th-century; _____, it tended to focus on abnormal behavior. Eventually, researchers became _____ interested in other topics including typical child development as well as the influences on development. Why is it important to study how children grow, learn, and change? An understanding of child development is essential because it allows us to fully appreciate the cognitive, emotional, physical, social and educational growth _____ children go through from birth and into early adulthood. Some of the major theories of child development are known as grand theories; they attempt to describe every aspect of development, often _____ a stage approach. Others are known as mini-theories; they instead focus only on a fairly limited aspect of development, such as cognitive or social growth.

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這一題的完整詳解

【試題解析】民國 105 年中國醫藥大學學士後中醫學系招生考試《英文》第 27 題


題目定位句與中譯

  • 原文定位句:

"Interest in the field of child development finally began to emerge early in the 20th-century; <u>(27)</u>, it tended to focus on abnormal behavior."

  • 中文翻譯:

「對兒童發展領域的興趣終於在 20 世紀初開始萌芽;然而,它往往聚焦於異常行為。」


核心觀念

  1. 副詞連接詞(Conjunctive Adverb)的語意轉折:
    兩個完整獨立子句(Independent Clauses)以分號(;)連接時,常搭配副詞連接詞(如 however, nevertheless, furthermore 等)加逗號,以精確表達前後兩句的邏輯關係(如對比、轉折或遞進)。
  2. 名詞子句受詞與複合關係代名詞(官方公布答案考點機制):
    在文法架構中,what 通常作為複合關係代名詞(the thing which),引導名詞子句,在子句中作主詞、受詞或補語;而在轉折語意結構中,正統文法通常採用轉折連接副詞 however。

解題方法

  1. 分析句子結構:
  • 前半句:Interest in the field of child development finally began to emerge early in the 20th-century(完整獨立子句,表示兒童發展研究開始興起)。
  • 標點符號:分號(;),表示前後為語意相關但文法獨立的兩個完整子句。
  • 後半句:_____ , it tended to focus on abnormal behavior.(完整獨立子句,主詞為 it,動詞為 tended,受詞為不定詞片語 to focus on abnormal behavior)。
  1. 前後邏輯語意分析:
  • 前文提到「兒童發展研究終於在 20 世紀初開始受到重視與萌芽(正面發展)」。
  • 空格後提到「研究往往只聚焦於異常行為(發展上的侷限性)」。
  • 前後句意存在明顯的轉折與對比關係(對比「全面發展」與「僅偏重異常行為」)。

選項分析

  • (A) thereabouts(副詞):
  • 字義:大約、在…附近、左右(常用於時間、數量或地點,如 in 1920 or thereabouts)。
  • 錯誤原因:此字無轉折或引導子句之功能,填入無法連接前後子句的邏輯語意。
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第 28 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Child development that occurs from birth to adulthood was largely ignored throughout much of history. Children _____ simply as small versions of adults and little attention was paid to the many advances in cognitive abilities, language usage, and physical growth that occurs during childhood and adolescence. Interest in the field of child development finally began to emerge early in the 20th-century; _____, it tended to focus on abnormal behavior. Eventually, researchers became _____ interested in other topics including typical child development as well as the influences on development. Why is it important to study how children grow, learn, and change? An understanding of child development is essential because it allows us to fully appreciate the cognitive, emotional, physical, social and educational growth _____ children go through from birth and into early adulthood. Some of the major theories of child development are known as grand theories; they attempt to describe every aspect of development, often _____ a stage approach. Others are known as mini-theories; they instead focus only on a fairly limited aspect of development, such as cognitive or social growth.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為克漏字測驗,考查詞性搭配與修飾關係(副詞修飾形容詞)。
在句子結構中,連綴動詞(linking verb)became 後面接形容詞 interested 作為主詞補語,而空格位於兩者之間,用來修飾後方的形容詞 interested,依文法規則必須填入副詞(Adverb)。


解題方法

  1. 定位關鍵句子與結構分析:
  • 原文:Eventually, researchers became _____ interested in other topics including typical child development as well as the influences on development.
  • 中文翻譯:最終,研究人員對其他主題變得越來越感興趣,包含典型兒童發展以及對發展的影響。
  • 句法分析:
  • 主詞:researchers(研究人員)
  • 連綴動詞:became(變得)
  • 主詞補語(形容詞):interested(感興趣的)
  • 空格位置:位於連綴動詞 became 與形容詞補語 interested 之間,其功能為修飾形容詞 interested,文法上必須使用副詞。
  1. 語意與語境邏輯推導:
  • 前文提到 20 世紀初人們的關注點主要集中在「異常行為(abnormal behavior)」,接著使用轉折與時間副詞 Eventually(最終),說明研究人員的興趣逐漸轉向「典型兒童發展(typical child development)」。
  • increasingly interested 為英文中極常見的高頻搭配詞組,表示「越來越感興趣」,語法與語意皆完全契合。

選項分析

  • (A) increasingly(副詞):【正確】
  • 字義:越來越、漸增地。
  • 說明:為副詞詞性,恰好修飾後方的形容詞 interested,構成「became increasingly interested in...(對……變得越來越感興趣)」,完全符合句法結構與上下文語境。
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第 29 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Child development that occurs from birth to adulthood was largely ignored throughout much of history. Children _____ simply as small versions of adults and little attention was paid to the many advances in cognitive abilities, language usage, and physical growth that occurs during childhood and adolescence. Interest in the field of child development finally began to emerge early in the 20th-century; _____, it tended to focus on abnormal behavior. Eventually, researchers became _____ interested in other topics including typical child development as well as the influences on development. Why is it important to study how children grow, learn, and change? An understanding of child development is essential because it allows us to fully appreciate the cognitive, emotional, physical, social and educational growth _____ children go through from birth and into early adulthood. Some of the major theories of child development are known as grand theories; they attempt to describe every aspect of development, often _____ a stage approach. Others are known as mini-theories; they instead focus only on a fairly limited aspect of development, such as cognitive or social growth.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「關係代名詞」的用法及其在關係子句中的文法功能。
關鍵在於辨識先行詞以及後方形容詞子句(關係子句)中動詞受詞的空缺。


解題方法

  1. 定位關鍵句與結構分析:
  • 原文句子:

"An understanding of child development is essential because it allows us to fully appreciate the cognitive, emotional, physical, social and educational growth _____ children go through from birth and into early adulthood."

  • 全句意譯:

「了解兒童發展至關重要,因為它使我們能夠充分理解孩子們從出生到成年早期所經歷的認知、情緒、身體、社交與教育上的成長。」

  1. 剖析空格處的文法結構:
  • 先行詞為名詞片語的核心詞:growth(成長,不可數名詞,指事物)。
  • 空格後引導關係子句:children go through _____ from birth and into early adulthood。
  • 動詞片語 go through 為及物動詞片語,意為「經歷、歷經」,其後方缺少受詞(即經歷「growth」)。
  • 因此,空格需填入能指稱「事物」並在子句中作「受詞」的關係代名詞。在所給選項中,只有關係代名詞 that(或 which)符合此文法要求。

選項分析

  • (A) who:錯誤。關係代名詞 who 只能指稱「人」。雖然空格前方有修飾語 educational 等形容詞,但核心先行詞為 growth(事物),不可用 who。
  • (B) that:正確。that 可作為指稱事物的關係代名詞,在此引導限制性形容詞子句修飾先行詞 growth,並在子句中作及物動詞片語 go through 的受詞。
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第 30 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Child development that occurs from birth to adulthood was largely ignored throughout much of history. Children _____ simply as small versions of adults and little attention was paid to the many advances in cognitive abilities, language usage, and physical growth that occurs during childhood and adolescence. Interest in the field of child development finally began to emerge early in the 20th-century; _____, it tended to focus on abnormal behavior. Eventually, researchers became _____ interested in other topics including typical child development as well as the influences on development. Why is it important to study how children grow, learn, and change? An understanding of child development is essential because it allows us to fully appreciate the cognitive, emotional, physical, social and educational growth _____ children go through from birth and into early adulthood. Some of the major theories of child development are known as grand theories; they attempt to describe every aspect of development, often _____ a stage approach. Others are known as mini-theories; they instead focus only on a fairly limited aspect of development, such as cognitive or social growth.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考克漏字的「詞性、句型與上下文語意判斷」,文章中實際有五個空格,分別需要:

  1. 被動語態:Children were regarded/viewed …
  2. 轉折副詞:however
  3. 副詞修飾 interested:increasingly
  4. 關係代名詞:that/which
  5. 分詞片語:using

題目所列選項為 used, use, increasing, decreasing, decreased,與文章五個空格並不完全相符。因此,本題存在題幹或選項轉錄不完整的疑點。

解題方法

先觀察第一個空格前後:

Children _____ simply as small versions of adults
兒童只是被視為成人的縮小版本。

主詞 Children 是「被看待、被視為」的對象,因此需要被動語態,例如:

  • were regarded as:被視為
  • were viewed as:被看作
  • were seen as:被看成

接著觀察:

Eventually, researchers became _____ interested in other topics
最後,研究人員逐漸對其他主題產生興趣。

interested 是形容詞,前面應使用副詞修飾,正確搭配是:

became increasingly interested
變得越來越感興趣

最後:

often _____ a stage approach
通常採用階段性方法

此處是分詞片語,主詞 they 與 using 的邏輯主詞相同,故應為:

often using a stage approach

定位答案的句子

若依文章語意判斷,最關鍵的句子是:

Eventually, researchers became _____ interested in other topics including typical child development as well as the influences on development.

翻譯為:

最後,研究人員逐漸對其他主題產生越來越濃厚的興趣,包括典型的兒童發展以及影響發展的因素。

因此,此空應填 increasingly,而不是題目列出的任何一個選項。

選項分析

(A) used

used 可作為過去式或過去分詞,例如:

  • Children used toys.
    兒童使用玩具。
  • Children were used as examples.
    兒童被用作例子。

但原句是:

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第 31 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Linguists believe that the languages of about one-third of the human race all developed from one Indo-European language. But who were the speakers of this ancient language? Linguistic detective work offers some clues. It is sometimes said that _____. A study of some fifty ancient vocabularies has led to a reconstruction of the lifestyle of the first Indo-Europeans, a vanished people. From the words they used, it seems likely that _____. They had horses, oxen, and sheep. They plowed, planted, worked leather, and wove wool. They worshipped gods who are clear ancestors of Indian, Mediterranean, and Celtic deities. However, exactly who the original Indo-Europeans were and _____. According to an early theory, they lived in Mesopotamia, but _____. Today, some argue for the Krugan culture of the Russian steppes, others for the farming culture of the Danube valley. The most widely accepted theory locates the Indo-Europeans in a cold, northern climate _____. None of these prehistoric languages had a word for the sea. From this, and from our knowledge of nature, it is clear that the Indo-Europeans must have lived somewhere in northern central Europe.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「篇章克漏字」的上下文銜接,重點包括:

  1. 句子與前後文的語意邏輯。
  2. 代名詞與指涉關係,例如 this idea 指前文提到的觀念。
  3. 對等結構,例如 who ... and when ...。
  4. 固定搭配與語意完整性,例如 a hotly debated mystery。

題組共有五個空格,五個選項必須各使用一次。各空格的最佳配置如下:

  • 第一空:E
  • 第二空:C
  • 第三空:D
  • 第四空:B
  • 第五空:A

因此,第 31 題所問的第一空答案為 E。

解題方法

先觀察第一空前後文:

Linguistic detective work offers some clues. It is sometimes said that _____.

前一句提到「語言學上的偵探工作可以提供一些線索」,下一句應接著說明「透過語言可以推測一個民族的歷史或生活」。

選項 E:

you can deduce a people’s history from the words they use

翻譯為:「人們可以從一個民族所使用的詞彙推導出其歷史。」

接續全文為:

Linguistic detective work offers some clues. It is sometimes said that you can deduce a people’s history from the words they use.

翻譯:

語言學上的偵探工作可以提供一些線索。一般認為,人們可以從一個民族所使用的詞彙推導出其歷史。

語意上,words they use 正好承接前文的 Linguistic detective work,也為後文「由古代詞彙重建生活方式」作鋪陳,因此 E 最適合。

題幹定位與全文邏輯

第一空:E

It is sometimes said that you can deduce a people’s history from the words they use.

其中:

  • It is sometimes said that...:有時有人認為……
  • deduce:推論、推導
  • a people:一個民族
  • the words they use:他們使用的詞彙

後文立即說:

A study of some fifty ancient vocabularies has led to a reconstruction of the lifestyle of the first Indo-Europeans, a vanished people.

翻譯:

對大約五十種古代詞彙的研究,使人們得以重建最早期印歐人的生活方式;這是一個已消失的民族。

這正是對 E 的具體說明:透過詞彙推知民族的歷史與生活。

第二空:C

From the words they used, it seems likely that they lived a half-settled, half-nomadic existence.

翻譯:

從他們使用的詞彙來看,他們很可能過著半定居、半游牧的生活。

後文列出:

They had horses, oxen, and sheep. They plowed, planted, worked leather, and wove wool.

翻譯:

他們飼養馬、牛和羊;他們犁田、播種、加工皮革並織羊毛。

這些活動同時包含農耕、畜牧與游牧生活特徵,因此 C 與後文完全呼應。

第三空:D

However, exactly who the original Indo-Europeans were and when they lived remains a hotly debated mystery.

翻譯:

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第 32 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Linguists believe that the languages of about one-third of the human race all developed from one Indo-European language. But who were the speakers of this ancient language? Linguistic detective work offers some clues. It is sometimes said that _____. A study of some fifty ancient vocabularies has led to a reconstruction of the lifestyle of the first Indo-Europeans, a vanished people. From the words they used, it seems likely that _____. They had horses, oxen, and sheep. They plowed, planted, worked leather, and wove wool. They worshipped gods who are clear ancestors of Indian, Mediterranean, and Celtic deities. However, exactly who the original Indo-Europeans were and _____. According to an early theory, they lived in Mesopotamia, but _____. Today, some argue for the Krugan culture of the Russian steppes, others for the farming culture of the Danube valley. The most widely accepted theory locates the Indo-Europeans in a cold, northern climate _____. None of these prehistoric languages had a word for the sea. From this, and from our knowledge of nature, it is clear that the Indo-Europeans must have lived somewhere in northern central Europe.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「篇章克漏字」的上下文銜接,重點包括:

  1. 句子與前後文的語意邏輯。
  2. 代名詞與指涉關係,例如 this idea 指前文提到的觀念。
  3. 對等結構,例如 who ... and when ...。
  4. 固定搭配與語意完整性,例如 a hotly debated mystery。

題組共有五個空格,五個選項必須各使用一次。各空格的最佳配置如下:

  • 第一空:E
  • 第二空:C
  • 第三空:D
  • 第四空:B
  • 第五空:A

因此,第 31 題所問的第一空答案為 E。

解題方法

先觀察第一空前後文:

Linguistic detective work offers some clues. It is sometimes said that _____.

前一句提到「語言學上的偵探工作可以提供一些線索」,下一句應接著說明「透過語言可以推測一個民族的歷史或生活」。

選項 E:

you can deduce a people’s history from the words they use

翻譯為:「人們可以從一個民族所使用的詞彙推導出其歷史。」

接續全文為:

Linguistic detective work offers some clues. It is sometimes said that you can deduce a people’s history from the words they use.

翻譯:

語言學上的偵探工作可以提供一些線索。一般認為,人們可以從一個民族所使用的詞彙推導出其歷史。

語意上,words they use 正好承接前文的 Linguistic detective work,也為後文「由古代詞彙重建生活方式」作鋪陳,因此 E 最適合。

題幹定位與全文邏輯

第一空:E

It is sometimes said that you can deduce a people’s history from the words they use.

其中:

  • It is sometimes said that...:有時有人認為……
  • deduce:推論、推導
  • a people:一個民族
  • the words they use:他們使用的詞彙

後文立即說:

A study of some fifty ancient vocabularies has led to a reconstruction of the lifestyle of the first Indo-Europeans, a vanished people.

翻譯:

對大約五十種古代詞彙的研究,使人們得以重建最早期印歐人的生活方式;這是一個已消失的民族。

這正是對 E 的具體說明:透過詞彙推知民族的歷史與生活。

第二空:C

From the words they used, it seems likely that they lived a half-settled, half-nomadic existence.

翻譯:

從他們使用的詞彙來看,他們很可能過著半定居、半游牧的生活。

後文列出:

They had horses, oxen, and sheep. They plowed, planted, worked leather, and wove wool.

翻譯:

他們飼養馬、牛和羊;他們犁田、播種、加工皮革並織羊毛。

這些活動同時包含農耕、畜牧與游牧生活特徵,因此 C 與後文完全呼應。

第三空:D

However, exactly who the original Indo-Europeans were and when they lived remains a hotly debated mystery.

翻譯:

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第 33 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Linguists believe that the languages of about one-third of the human race all developed from one Indo-European language. But who were the speakers of this ancient language? Linguistic detective work offers some clues. It is sometimes said that _____. A study of some fifty ancient vocabularies has led to a reconstruction of the lifestyle of the first Indo-Europeans, a vanished people. From the words they used, it seems likely that _____. They had horses, oxen, and sheep. They plowed, planted, worked leather, and wove wool. They worshipped gods who are clear ancestors of Indian, Mediterranean, and Celtic deities. However, exactly who the original Indo-Europeans were and _____. According to an early theory, they lived in Mesopotamia, but _____. Today, some argue for the Krugan culture of the Russian steppes, others for the farming culture of the Danube valley. The most widely accepted theory locates the Indo-Europeans in a cold, northern climate _____. None of these prehistoric languages had a word for the sea. From this, and from our knowledge of nature, it is clear that the Indo-Europeans must have lived somewhere in northern central Europe.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「篇章克漏字」的上下文銜接,重點包括:

  1. 句子與前後文的語意邏輯。
  2. 代名詞與指涉關係,例如 this idea 指前文提到的觀念。
  3. 對等結構,例如 who ... and when ...。
  4. 固定搭配與語意完整性,例如 a hotly debated mystery。

題組共有五個空格,五個選項必須各使用一次。各空格的最佳配置如下:

  • 第一空:E
  • 第二空:C
  • 第三空:D
  • 第四空:B
  • 第五空:A

因此,第 31 題所問的第一空答案為 E。

解題方法

先觀察第一空前後文:

Linguistic detective work offers some clues. It is sometimes said that _____.

前一句提到「語言學上的偵探工作可以提供一些線索」,下一句應接著說明「透過語言可以推測一個民族的歷史或生活」。

選項 E:

you can deduce a people’s history from the words they use

翻譯為:「人們可以從一個民族所使用的詞彙推導出其歷史。」

接續全文為:

Linguistic detective work offers some clues. It is sometimes said that you can deduce a people’s history from the words they use.

翻譯:

語言學上的偵探工作可以提供一些線索。一般認為,人們可以從一個民族所使用的詞彙推導出其歷史。

語意上,words they use 正好承接前文的 Linguistic detective work,也為後文「由古代詞彙重建生活方式」作鋪陳,因此 E 最適合。

題幹定位與全文邏輯

第一空:E

It is sometimes said that you can deduce a people’s history from the words they use.

其中:

  • It is sometimes said that...:有時有人認為……
  • deduce:推論、推導
  • a people:一個民族
  • the words they use:他們使用的詞彙

後文立即說:

A study of some fifty ancient vocabularies has led to a reconstruction of the lifestyle of the first Indo-Europeans, a vanished people.

翻譯:

對大約五十種古代詞彙的研究,使人們得以重建最早期印歐人的生活方式;這是一個已消失的民族。

這正是對 E 的具體說明:透過詞彙推知民族的歷史與生活。

第二空:C

From the words they used, it seems likely that they lived a half-settled, half-nomadic existence.

翻譯:

從他們使用的詞彙來看,他們很可能過著半定居、半游牧的生活。

後文列出:

They had horses, oxen, and sheep. They plowed, planted, worked leather, and wove wool.

翻譯:

他們飼養馬、牛和羊;他們犁田、播種、加工皮革並織羊毛。

這些活動同時包含農耕、畜牧與游牧生活特徵,因此 C 與後文完全呼應。

第三空:D

However, exactly who the original Indo-Europeans were and when they lived remains a hotly debated mystery.

翻譯:

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第 34 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Linguists believe that the languages of about one-third of the human race all developed from one Indo-European language. But who were the speakers of this ancient language? Linguistic detective work offers some clues. It is sometimes said that _____. A study of some fifty ancient vocabularies has led to a reconstruction of the lifestyle of the first Indo-Europeans, a vanished people. From the words they used, it seems likely that _____. They had horses, oxen, and sheep. They plowed, planted, worked leather, and wove wool. They worshipped gods who are clear ancestors of Indian, Mediterranean, and Celtic deities. However, exactly who the original Indo-Europeans were and _____. According to an early theory, they lived in Mesopotamia, but _____. Today, some argue for the Krugan culture of the Russian steppes, others for the farming culture of the Danube valley. The most widely accepted theory locates the Indo-Europeans in a cold, northern climate _____. None of these prehistoric languages had a word for the sea. From this, and from our knowledge of nature, it is clear that the Indo-Europeans must have lived somewhere in northern central Europe.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「篇章克漏字」的上下文銜接,重點包括:

  1. 句子與前後文的語意邏輯。
  2. 代名詞與指涉關係,例如 this idea 指前文提到的觀念。
  3. 對等結構,例如 who ... and when ...。
  4. 固定搭配與語意完整性,例如 a hotly debated mystery。

題組共有五個空格,五個選項必須各使用一次。各空格的最佳配置如下:

  • 第一空:E
  • 第二空:C
  • 第三空:D
  • 第四空:B
  • 第五空:A

因此,第 31 題所問的第一空答案為 E。

解題方法

先觀察第一空前後文:

Linguistic detective work offers some clues. It is sometimes said that _____.

前一句提到「語言學上的偵探工作可以提供一些線索」,下一句應接著說明「透過語言可以推測一個民族的歷史或生活」。

選項 E:

you can deduce a people’s history from the words they use

翻譯為:「人們可以從一個民族所使用的詞彙推導出其歷史。」

接續全文為:

Linguistic detective work offers some clues. It is sometimes said that you can deduce a people’s history from the words they use.

翻譯:

語言學上的偵探工作可以提供一些線索。一般認為,人們可以從一個民族所使用的詞彙推導出其歷史。

語意上,words they use 正好承接前文的 Linguistic detective work,也為後文「由古代詞彙重建生活方式」作鋪陳,因此 E 最適合。

題幹定位與全文邏輯

第一空:E

It is sometimes said that you can deduce a people’s history from the words they use.

其中:

  • It is sometimes said that...:有時有人認為……
  • deduce:推論、推導
  • a people:一個民族
  • the words they use:他們使用的詞彙

後文立即說:

A study of some fifty ancient vocabularies has led to a reconstruction of the lifestyle of the first Indo-Europeans, a vanished people.

翻譯:

對大約五十種古代詞彙的研究,使人們得以重建最早期印歐人的生活方式;這是一個已消失的民族。

這正是對 E 的具體說明:透過詞彙推知民族的歷史與生活。

第二空:C

From the words they used, it seems likely that they lived a half-settled, half-nomadic existence.

翻譯:

從他們使用的詞彙來看,他們很可能過著半定居、半游牧的生活。

後文列出:

They had horses, oxen, and sheep. They plowed, planted, worked leather, and wove wool.

翻譯:

他們飼養馬、牛和羊;他們犁田、播種、加工皮革並織羊毛。

這些活動同時包含農耕、畜牧與游牧生活特徵,因此 C 與後文完全呼應。

第三空:D

However, exactly who the original Indo-Europeans were and when they lived remains a hotly debated mystery.

翻譯:

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第 35 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Linguists believe that the languages of about one-third of the human race all developed from one Indo-European language. But who were the speakers of this ancient language? Linguistic detective work offers some clues. It is sometimes said that _____. A study of some fifty ancient vocabularies has led to a reconstruction of the lifestyle of the first Indo-Europeans, a vanished people. From the words they used, it seems likely that _____. They had horses, oxen, and sheep. They plowed, planted, worked leather, and wove wool. They worshipped gods who are clear ancestors of Indian, Mediterranean, and Celtic deities. However, exactly who the original Indo-Europeans were and _____. According to an early theory, they lived in Mesopotamia, but _____. Today, some argue for the Krugan culture of the Russian steppes, others for the farming culture of the Danube valley. The most widely accepted theory locates the Indo-Europeans in a cold, northern climate _____. None of these prehistoric languages had a word for the sea. From this, and from our knowledge of nature, it is clear that the Indo-Europeans must have lived somewhere in northern central Europe.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「篇章克漏字」的上下文銜接,重點包括:

  1. 句子與前後文的語意邏輯。
  2. 代名詞與指涉關係,例如 this idea 指前文提到的觀念。
  3. 對等結構,例如 who ... and when ...。
  4. 固定搭配與語意完整性,例如 a hotly debated mystery。

題組共有五個空格,五個選項必須各使用一次。各空格的最佳配置如下:

  • 第一空:E
  • 第二空:C
  • 第三空:D
  • 第四空:B
  • 第五空:A

因此,第 31 題所問的第一空答案為 E。

解題方法

先觀察第一空前後文:

Linguistic detective work offers some clues. It is sometimes said that _____.

前一句提到「語言學上的偵探工作可以提供一些線索」,下一句應接著說明「透過語言可以推測一個民族的歷史或生活」。

選項 E:

you can deduce a people’s history from the words they use

翻譯為:「人們可以從一個民族所使用的詞彙推導出其歷史。」

接續全文為:

Linguistic detective work offers some clues. It is sometimes said that you can deduce a people’s history from the words they use.

翻譯:

語言學上的偵探工作可以提供一些線索。一般認為,人們可以從一個民族所使用的詞彙推導出其歷史。

語意上,words they use 正好承接前文的 Linguistic detective work,也為後文「由古代詞彙重建生活方式」作鋪陳,因此 E 最適合。

題幹定位與全文邏輯

第一空:E

It is sometimes said that you can deduce a people’s history from the words they use.

其中:

  • It is sometimes said that...:有時有人認為……
  • deduce:推論、推導
  • a people:一個民族
  • the words they use:他們使用的詞彙

後文立即說:

A study of some fifty ancient vocabularies has led to a reconstruction of the lifestyle of the first Indo-Europeans, a vanished people.

翻譯:

對大約五十種古代詞彙的研究,使人們得以重建最早期印歐人的生活方式;這是一個已消失的民族。

這正是對 E 的具體說明:透過詞彙推知民族的歷史與生活。

第二空:C

From the words they used, it seems likely that they lived a half-settled, half-nomadic existence.

翻譯:

從他們使用的詞彙來看,他們很可能過著半定居、半游牧的生活。

後文列出:

They had horses, oxen, and sheep. They plowed, planted, worked leather, and wove wool.

翻譯:

他們飼養馬、牛和羊;他們犁田、播種、加工皮革並織羊毛。

這些活動同時包含農耕、畜牧與游牧生活特徵,因此 C 與後文完全呼應。

第三空:D

However, exactly who the original Indo-Europeans were and when they lived remains a hotly debated mystery.

翻譯:

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第 36 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Ever since Charles Darwin visited the Galápagos Islands in 1835 and observed the animals there as a living laboratory of natural selection, the Galápagos has become known as one of the best places to see wildlife. The islands hold 14 species of tanagers and 12 species of tortoise. _____. Sea lions are so well fed on abundant fish that they do not even bother with the penguins. The list of wildlife attractions, promoted on slick brochures and Web sites, is why numerous adventurous tourists have been compelled for decades to make the long journey to the archipelago. _____. In the early 1990s, 41,000 people a year visited the Galápagos. In 2013 the figure exceeded 200,000 for the first time. More than 224,000 visitors arrived in 2015, another record. _____. Ecuador is struggling financially. It relies on oil for 44 percent of its export revenues. To bolster its finances and make up for the recent drop in oil prices, the government has turned to tourism, allowing industry to develop the islands more easily. _____. But this responsible ecotourism still has an impact on habitat, and it is no longer the only kind that is happening in the Galápagos. The influx of travelers is on a collision course with the very thing that everyone comes to see: the wildlife. _____. It is very ironic that ecotourism turns to be one of the killers that destroyed the animals there.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「篇章結構與克漏字語意銜接」,重點包括:

  • 依照文章發展順序判斷段落功能。
  • 觀察前後句的主題是否一致。
  • 利用代名詞與指示語,如 This growth、this responsible ecotourism,尋找其所指內容。
  • 注意轉折語,如 however、But,判斷語氣與論述方向。

全文結構如下:

  1. 加拉巴哥群島的豐富野生動物。
  2. 觀光人數快速增加。
  3. 觀光成長與厄瓜多政府的經濟需求有關。
  4. 生態旅遊雖較負責任,仍會影響棲地。
  5. 觀光擴張威脅原本吸引遊客的野生動物。

解題方法

先將各選項依照語意功能分類:

  • D:補充介紹島上的野生動物。
  • B:說明遊客人數由少變多。
  • E:解釋觀光成長的原因。
  • A:定義負責任的生態旅遊。
  • C:提出觀光對瀕危物種造成的具體影響。

依文章脈絡填入:

The islands hold 14 species of tanagers and 12 species of tortoise. Penguins and flamingos live within a few miles of one another. Sea lions are so well fed on abundant fish that they do not even bother with the penguins.

此處連續介紹島上的動物種類與分布,因此填入 D。

接著:

The list of wildlife attractions, promoted on slick brochures and Web sites, is why numerous adventurous tourists have been compelled for decades to make the long journey to the archipelago. In recent years, however, the trickle of tourists has turned into a flood. In the early 1990s, 41,000 people a year visited the Galápagos.

後句開始列出遊客人數從 41,000 人增加至超過 200,000 人,因此需要 B 作為轉折與總述。

再往下:

More than 224,000 visitors arrived in 2015, another record. This growth is fueled in part by need. Ecuador is struggling financially.

This growth 指前文觀光人數的成長;下一句說明厄瓜多面臨財政困難,正好解釋「need」的內容,因此填入 E。

接著:

To bolster its finances and make up for the recent drop in oil prices, the government has turned to tourism, allowing industry to develop the islands more easily. It is possible to conduct tourism in a way that preserves natural areas and benefits local people. But this responsible ecotourism still has an impact on habitat...

此處先提出「負責任的生態旅遊」概念,下一句的 this responsible ecotourism 正好承接 A,因此填入 A。

最後:

The influx of travelers is on a collision course with the very thing that everyone comes to see: the wildlife. Of 20 endemic species that are critically endangered, 16 live on the four inhabited islands that get the most visitors. It is very ironic that ecotourism turns to be one of the killers that destroyed the animals there.

此處需提出觀光威脅野生動物的具體證據,C 說明多數極度瀕危的特有種集中於遊客最多的島嶼,與前句的 wildlife 直接呼應,因此填入 C。

完整排列為:

D→B→E→A→C\boxed{D \rightarrow B \rightarrow E \rightarrow A \rightarrow C}

關鍵句與翻譯

1. 判斷第 36 題答案的關鍵句

The islands hold 14 species of tanagers and 12 species of tortoise. Penguins and flamingos live within a few miles of one another. Sea lions are so well fed on abu

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第 37 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Ever since Charles Darwin visited the Galápagos Islands in 1835 and observed the animals there as a living laboratory of natural selection, the Galápagos has become known as one of the best places to see wildlife. The islands hold 14 species of tanagers and 12 species of tortoise. _____. Sea lions are so well fed on abundant fish that they do not even bother with the penguins. The list of wildlife attractions, promoted on slick brochures and Web sites, is why numerous adventurous tourists have been compelled for decades to make the long journey to the archipelago. _____. In the early 1990s, 41,000 people a year visited the Galápagos. In 2013 the figure exceeded 200,000 for the first time. More than 224,000 visitors arrived in 2015, another record. _____. Ecuador is struggling financially. It relies on oil for 44 percent of its export revenues. To bolster its finances and make up for the recent drop in oil prices, the government has turned to tourism, allowing industry to develop the islands more easily. _____. But this responsible ecotourism still has an impact on habitat, and it is no longer the only kind that is happening in the Galápagos. The influx of travelers is on a collision course with the very thing that everyone comes to see: the wildlife. _____. It is very ironic that ecotourism turns to be one of the killers that destroyed the animals there.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「篇章結構與克漏字語意銜接」,重點包括:

  • 依照文章發展順序判斷段落功能。
  • 觀察前後句的主題是否一致。
  • 利用代名詞與指示語,如 This growth、this responsible ecotourism,尋找其所指內容。
  • 注意轉折語,如 however、But,判斷語氣與論述方向。

全文結構如下:

  1. 加拉巴哥群島的豐富野生動物。
  2. 觀光人數快速增加。
  3. 觀光成長與厄瓜多政府的經濟需求有關。
  4. 生態旅遊雖較負責任,仍會影響棲地。
  5. 觀光擴張威脅原本吸引遊客的野生動物。

解題方法

先將各選項依照語意功能分類:

  • D:補充介紹島上的野生動物。
  • B:說明遊客人數由少變多。
  • E:解釋觀光成長的原因。
  • A:定義負責任的生態旅遊。
  • C:提出觀光對瀕危物種造成的具體影響。

依文章脈絡填入:

The islands hold 14 species of tanagers and 12 species of tortoise. Penguins and flamingos live within a few miles of one another. Sea lions are so well fed on abundant fish that they do not even bother with the penguins.

此處連續介紹島上的動物種類與分布,因此填入 D。

接著:

The list of wildlife attractions, promoted on slick brochures and Web sites, is why numerous adventurous tourists have been compelled for decades to make the long journey to the archipelago. In recent years, however, the trickle of tourists has turned into a flood. In the early 1990s, 41,000 people a year visited the Galápagos.

後句開始列出遊客人數從 41,000 人增加至超過 200,000 人,因此需要 B 作為轉折與總述。

再往下:

More than 224,000 visitors arrived in 2015, another record. This growth is fueled in part by need. Ecuador is struggling financially.

This growth 指前文觀光人數的成長;下一句說明厄瓜多面臨財政困難,正好解釋「need」的內容,因此填入 E。

接著:

To bolster its finances and make up for the recent drop in oil prices, the government has turned to tourism, allowing industry to develop the islands more easily. It is possible to conduct tourism in a way that preserves natural areas and benefits local people. But this responsible ecotourism still has an impact on habitat...

此處先提出「負責任的生態旅遊」概念,下一句的 this responsible ecotourism 正好承接 A,因此填入 A。

最後:

The influx of travelers is on a collision course with the very thing that everyone comes to see: the wildlife. Of 20 endemic species that are critically endangered, 16 live on the four inhabited islands that get the most visitors. It is very ironic that ecotourism turns to be one of the killers that destroyed the animals there.

此處需提出觀光威脅野生動物的具體證據,C 說明多數極度瀕危的特有種集中於遊客最多的島嶼,與前句的 wildlife 直接呼應,因此填入 C。

完整排列為:

D→B→E→A→C\boxed{D \rightarrow B \rightarrow E \rightarrow A \rightarrow C}

關鍵句與翻譯

1. 判斷第 36 題答案的關鍵句

The islands hold 14 species of tanagers and 12 species of tortoise. Penguins and flamingos live within a few miles of one another. Sea lions are so well fed on abu

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第 38 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Ever since Charles Darwin visited the Galápagos Islands in 1835 and observed the animals there as a living laboratory of natural selection, the Galápagos has become known as one of the best places to see wildlife. The islands hold 14 species of tanagers and 12 species of tortoise. _____. Sea lions are so well fed on abundant fish that they do not even bother with the penguins. The list of wildlife attractions, promoted on slick brochures and Web sites, is why numerous adventurous tourists have been compelled for decades to make the long journey to the archipelago. _____. In the early 1990s, 41,000 people a year visited the Galápagos. In 2013 the figure exceeded 200,000 for the first time. More than 224,000 visitors arrived in 2015, another record. _____. Ecuador is struggling financially. It relies on oil for 44 percent of its export revenues. To bolster its finances and make up for the recent drop in oil prices, the government has turned to tourism, allowing industry to develop the islands more easily. _____. But this responsible ecotourism still has an impact on habitat, and it is no longer the only kind that is happening in the Galápagos. The influx of travelers is on a collision course with the very thing that everyone comes to see: the wildlife. _____. It is very ironic that ecotourism turns to be one of the killers that destroyed the animals there.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「篇章結構與克漏字語意銜接」,重點包括:

  • 依照文章發展順序判斷段落功能。
  • 觀察前後句的主題是否一致。
  • 利用代名詞與指示語,如 This growth、this responsible ecotourism,尋找其所指內容。
  • 注意轉折語,如 however、But,判斷語氣與論述方向。

全文結構如下:

  1. 加拉巴哥群島的豐富野生動物。
  2. 觀光人數快速增加。
  3. 觀光成長與厄瓜多政府的經濟需求有關。
  4. 生態旅遊雖較負責任,仍會影響棲地。
  5. 觀光擴張威脅原本吸引遊客的野生動物。

解題方法

先將各選項依照語意功能分類:

  • D:補充介紹島上的野生動物。
  • B:說明遊客人數由少變多。
  • E:解釋觀光成長的原因。
  • A:定義負責任的生態旅遊。
  • C:提出觀光對瀕危物種造成的具體影響。

依文章脈絡填入:

The islands hold 14 species of tanagers and 12 species of tortoise. Penguins and flamingos live within a few miles of one another. Sea lions are so well fed on abundant fish that they do not even bother with the penguins.

此處連續介紹島上的動物種類與分布,因此填入 D。

接著:

The list of wildlife attractions, promoted on slick brochures and Web sites, is why numerous adventurous tourists have been compelled for decades to make the long journey to the archipelago. In recent years, however, the trickle of tourists has turned into a flood. In the early 1990s, 41,000 people a year visited the Galápagos.

後句開始列出遊客人數從 41,000 人增加至超過 200,000 人,因此需要 B 作為轉折與總述。

再往下:

More than 224,000 visitors arrived in 2015, another record. This growth is fueled in part by need. Ecuador is struggling financially.

This growth 指前文觀光人數的成長;下一句說明厄瓜多面臨財政困難,正好解釋「need」的內容,因此填入 E。

接著:

To bolster its finances and make up for the recent drop in oil prices, the government has turned to tourism, allowing industry to develop the islands more easily. It is possible to conduct tourism in a way that preserves natural areas and benefits local people. But this responsible ecotourism still has an impact on habitat...

此處先提出「負責任的生態旅遊」概念,下一句的 this responsible ecotourism 正好承接 A,因此填入 A。

最後:

The influx of travelers is on a collision course with the very thing that everyone comes to see: the wildlife. Of 20 endemic species that are critically endangered, 16 live on the four inhabited islands that get the most visitors. It is very ironic that ecotourism turns to be one of the killers that destroyed the animals there.

此處需提出觀光威脅野生動物的具體證據,C 說明多數極度瀕危的特有種集中於遊客最多的島嶼,與前句的 wildlife 直接呼應,因此填入 C。

完整排列為:

D→B→E→A→C\boxed{D \rightarrow B \rightarrow E \rightarrow A \rightarrow C}

關鍵句與翻譯

1. 判斷第 36 題答案的關鍵句

The islands hold 14 species of tanagers and 12 species of tortoise. Penguins and flamingos live within a few miles of one another. Sea lions are so well fed on abu

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第 39 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Ever since Charles Darwin visited the Galápagos Islands in 1835 and observed the animals there as a living laboratory of natural selection, the Galápagos has become known as one of the best places to see wildlife. The islands hold 14 species of tanagers and 12 species of tortoise. _____. Sea lions are so well fed on abundant fish that they do not even bother with the penguins. The list of wildlife attractions, promoted on slick brochures and Web sites, is why numerous adventurous tourists have been compelled for decades to make the long journey to the archipelago. _____. In the early 1990s, 41,000 people a year visited the Galápagos. In 2013 the figure exceeded 200,000 for the first time. More than 224,000 visitors arrived in 2015, another record. _____. Ecuador is struggling financially. It relies on oil for 44 percent of its export revenues. To bolster its finances and make up for the recent drop in oil prices, the government has turned to tourism, allowing industry to develop the islands more easily. _____. But this responsible ecotourism still has an impact on habitat, and it is no longer the only kind that is happening in the Galápagos. The influx of travelers is on a collision course with the very thing that everyone comes to see: the wildlife. _____. It is very ironic that ecotourism turns to be one of the killers that destroyed the animals there.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「篇章結構與克漏字語意銜接」,重點包括:

  • 依照文章發展順序判斷段落功能。
  • 觀察前後句的主題是否一致。
  • 利用代名詞與指示語,如 This growth、this responsible ecotourism,尋找其所指內容。
  • 注意轉折語,如 however、But,判斷語氣與論述方向。

全文結構如下:

  1. 加拉巴哥群島的豐富野生動物。
  2. 觀光人數快速增加。
  3. 觀光成長與厄瓜多政府的經濟需求有關。
  4. 生態旅遊雖較負責任,仍會影響棲地。
  5. 觀光擴張威脅原本吸引遊客的野生動物。

解題方法

先將各選項依照語意功能分類:

  • D:補充介紹島上的野生動物。
  • B:說明遊客人數由少變多。
  • E:解釋觀光成長的原因。
  • A:定義負責任的生態旅遊。
  • C:提出觀光對瀕危物種造成的具體影響。

依文章脈絡填入:

The islands hold 14 species of tanagers and 12 species of tortoise. Penguins and flamingos live within a few miles of one another. Sea lions are so well fed on abundant fish that they do not even bother with the penguins.

此處連續介紹島上的動物種類與分布,因此填入 D。

接著:

The list of wildlife attractions, promoted on slick brochures and Web sites, is why numerous adventurous tourists have been compelled for decades to make the long journey to the archipelago. In recent years, however, the trickle of tourists has turned into a flood. In the early 1990s, 41,000 people a year visited the Galápagos.

後句開始列出遊客人數從 41,000 人增加至超過 200,000 人,因此需要 B 作為轉折與總述。

再往下:

More than 224,000 visitors arrived in 2015, another record. This growth is fueled in part by need. Ecuador is struggling financially.

This growth 指前文觀光人數的成長;下一句說明厄瓜多面臨財政困難,正好解釋「need」的內容,因此填入 E。

接著:

To bolster its finances and make up for the recent drop in oil prices, the government has turned to tourism, allowing industry to develop the islands more easily. It is possible to conduct tourism in a way that preserves natural areas and benefits local people. But this responsible ecotourism still has an impact on habitat...

此處先提出「負責任的生態旅遊」概念,下一句的 this responsible ecotourism 正好承接 A,因此填入 A。

最後:

The influx of travelers is on a collision course with the very thing that everyone comes to see: the wildlife. Of 20 endemic species that are critically endangered, 16 live on the four inhabited islands that get the most visitors. It is very ironic that ecotourism turns to be one of the killers that destroyed the animals there.

此處需提出觀光威脅野生動物的具體證據,C 說明多數極度瀕危的特有種集中於遊客最多的島嶼,與前句的 wildlife 直接呼應,因此填入 C。

完整排列為:

D→B→E→A→C\boxed{D \rightarrow B \rightarrow E \rightarrow A \rightarrow C}

關鍵句與翻譯

1. 判斷第 36 題答案的關鍵句

The islands hold 14 species of tanagers and 12 species of tortoise. Penguins and flamingos live within a few miles of one another. Sea lions are so well fed on abu

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第 40 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Ever since Charles Darwin visited the Galápagos Islands in 1835 and observed the animals there as a living laboratory of natural selection, the Galápagos has become known as one of the best places to see wildlife. The islands hold 14 species of tanagers and 12 species of tortoise. _____. Sea lions are so well fed on abundant fish that they do not even bother with the penguins. The list of wildlife attractions, promoted on slick brochures and Web sites, is why numerous adventurous tourists have been compelled for decades to make the long journey to the archipelago. _____. In the early 1990s, 41,000 people a year visited the Galápagos. In 2013 the figure exceeded 200,000 for the first time. More than 224,000 visitors arrived in 2015, another record. _____. Ecuador is struggling financially. It relies on oil for 44 percent of its export revenues. To bolster its finances and make up for the recent drop in oil prices, the government has turned to tourism, allowing industry to develop the islands more easily. _____. But this responsible ecotourism still has an impact on habitat, and it is no longer the only kind that is happening in the Galápagos. The influx of travelers is on a collision course with the very thing that everyone comes to see: the wildlife. _____. It is very ironic that ecotourism turns to be one of the killers that destroyed the animals there.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「篇章結構與克漏字語意銜接」,重點包括:

  • 依照文章發展順序判斷段落功能。
  • 觀察前後句的主題是否一致。
  • 利用代名詞與指示語,如 This growth、this responsible ecotourism,尋找其所指內容。
  • 注意轉折語,如 however、But,判斷語氣與論述方向。

全文結構如下:

  1. 加拉巴哥群島的豐富野生動物。
  2. 觀光人數快速增加。
  3. 觀光成長與厄瓜多政府的經濟需求有關。
  4. 生態旅遊雖較負責任,仍會影響棲地。
  5. 觀光擴張威脅原本吸引遊客的野生動物。

解題方法

先將各選項依照語意功能分類:

  • D:補充介紹島上的野生動物。
  • B:說明遊客人數由少變多。
  • E:解釋觀光成長的原因。
  • A:定義負責任的生態旅遊。
  • C:提出觀光對瀕危物種造成的具體影響。

依文章脈絡填入:

The islands hold 14 species of tanagers and 12 species of tortoise. Penguins and flamingos live within a few miles of one another. Sea lions are so well fed on abundant fish that they do not even bother with the penguins.

此處連續介紹島上的動物種類與分布,因此填入 D。

接著:

The list of wildlife attractions, promoted on slick brochures and Web sites, is why numerous adventurous tourists have been compelled for decades to make the long journey to the archipelago. In recent years, however, the trickle of tourists has turned into a flood. In the early 1990s, 41,000 people a year visited the Galápagos.

後句開始列出遊客人數從 41,000 人增加至超過 200,000 人,因此需要 B 作為轉折與總述。

再往下:

More than 224,000 visitors arrived in 2015, another record. This growth is fueled in part by need. Ecuador is struggling financially.

This growth 指前文觀光人數的成長;下一句說明厄瓜多面臨財政困難,正好解釋「need」的內容,因此填入 E。

接著:

To bolster its finances and make up for the recent drop in oil prices, the government has turned to tourism, allowing industry to develop the islands more easily. It is possible to conduct tourism in a way that preserves natural areas and benefits local people. But this responsible ecotourism still has an impact on habitat...

此處先提出「負責任的生態旅遊」概念,下一句的 this responsible ecotourism 正好承接 A,因此填入 A。

最後:

The influx of travelers is on a collision course with the very thing that everyone comes to see: the wildlife. Of 20 endemic species that are critically endangered, 16 live on the four inhabited islands that get the most visitors. It is very ironic that ecotourism turns to be one of the killers that destroyed the animals there.

此處需提出觀光威脅野生動物的具體證據,C 說明多數極度瀕危的特有種集中於遊客最多的島嶼,與前句的 wildlife 直接呼應,因此填入 C。

完整排列為:

D→B→E→A→C\boxed{D \rightarrow B \rightarrow E \rightarrow A \rightarrow C}

關鍵句與翻譯

1. 判斷第 36 題答案的關鍵句

The islands hold 14 species of tanagers and 12 species of tortoise. Penguins and flamingos live within a few miles of one another. Sea lions are so well fed on abu

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後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

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第 41 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Fifty volunteers were alphabetically divided into two equal groups, Group A to participate in a seven-week exercise program, and Group B to avoid deliberate exercise of any sort during those 7 weeks. On the day before the exercise program began, all 50 men participated in a step-test. This consisted of stepping up and down on a 16-inch bench at 30 steps per minute for 5 minutes. One minute after completion of the step-test, the pulse rate of each subject was taken and recorded. This served as the pretest for the experiment. For the next 7 weeks, subjects in the experimental group (Group A) rode an Exercycle (a motor-driven bicycle-type exercise machine) for 15 minutes each day. The exercise schedule called for riders to ride relaxed during the first day’s ride, merely holding on to the handle bars and foot pedals as the machine moved. Then, for the next 3 days, they rode relaxed for 50 seconds of each minute, and pushed, pulled, and pedaled actively for 10 seconds of each minute. The ratio of active riding was increased every few days, so that by the third week it was half of each minute, and by the seventh week the riders were performing 15 solid minutes of active riding.

At the end of the seven weeks, the step-test was again given to both groups of subjects, and their pulses taken. The post-exercise pulse rates of subjects in the experimental group were found to have decreased an average of 30 heart beats per minute, with the lowest decrease 28 and the highest decrease 46. The pulse rates of subjects in the control group remained the same or changed no more than 4 beats, with an average difference between the initial and final tests of zero.

How many people were in each group?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是英文閱讀測驗中的「數量資訊定位題」,重點在於:

  1. 找出研究對象的總人數。
  2. 判斷總人數如何分組。
  3. 依據 two equal groups 判定兩組人數相同。

關鍵句為:

Fifty volunteers were alphabetically divided into two equal groups, Group A ... and Group B ...

意思是:

五十名志願者依照英文字母順序分成兩個人數相等的團體,分別為 A 組與 B 組。

其中:

  • fifty volunteers:五十名志願者
  • be divided into:被分成……
  • two equal groups:兩個人數相等的團體
  • Group A / Group B:A 組/B 組

解題方法

文章明確指出共有 50 人,並且分成兩個人數相等的團體。因此:

50÷2=2550 \div 2 = 25

所以 A 組有 25 人,B 組也有 25 人。

題目問的是:

How many people were in each group?

意思是:

每一組有多少人?

答案為 25 人。

語意與文法重點

each group 表示「每一組」,因此必須回答單一組別的人數,而不是兩組合計的人數。

題幹中的 two equal groups 是判斷關鍵:

  • two 表示有兩組。
  • equal 表示兩組人數相等。
  • 總人數為 50,因此每組必須是 25 人。

文章後文提到:

subjects in the experimental group

以及:

subjects in the control group

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第 42 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Fifty volunteers were alphabetically divided into two equal groups, Group A to participate in a seven-week exercise program, and Group B to avoid deliberate exercise of any sort during those 7 weeks. On the day before the exercise program began, all 50 men participated in a step-test. This consisted of stepping up and down on a 16-inch bench at 30 steps per minute for 5 minutes. One minute after completion of the step-test, the pulse rate of each subject was taken and recorded. This served as the pretest for the experiment. For the next 7 weeks, subjects in the experimental group (Group A) rode an Exercycle (a motor-driven bicycle-type exercise machine) for 15 minutes each day. The exercise schedule called for riders to ride relaxed during the first day’s ride, merely holding on to the handle bars and foot pedals as the machine moved. Then, for the next 3 days, they rode relaxed for 50 seconds of each minute, and pushed, pulled, and pedaled actively for 10 seconds of each minute. The ratio of active riding was increased every few days, so that by the third week it was half of each minute, and by the seventh week the riders were performing 15 solid minutes of active riding.

At the end of the seven weeks, the step-test was again given to both groups of subjects, and their pulses taken. The post-exercise pulse rates of subjects in the experimental group were found to have decreased an average of 30 heart beats per minute, with the lowest decrease 28 and the highest decrease 46. The pulse rates of subjects in the control group remained the same or changed no more than 4 beats, with an average difference between the initial and final tests of zero.

The step-test was given _____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考英文閱讀理解,重點是辨認文章中的時間順序與實驗設計:

  • pretest:實驗開始前的測驗。
  • post-exercise pulse rates:實驗結束後測得的脈搏率。
  • experimental group:實驗組,接受運動訓練。
  • control group:控制組,不進行刻意運動。
  • at the beginning and at the end:在開始與結束時各進行一次。

題目問的是:step-test(階梯測驗)在整個七週期間何時進行。


解題方法

直接依照文章中的時間標記定位:

第一處:

“On the day before the exercise program began, all 50 men participated in a step-test.”

意思是:「在運動計畫開始的前一天,50 名男性全部接受階梯測驗。」

這一次測驗是實驗的 pretest:

“This served as the pretest for the experiment.”

第二處:

“At the end of the seven weeks, the step-test was again given to both groups of subjects, and their pulses taken.”

意思是:「七週結束時,兩組受試者再次接受階梯測驗,並測量脈搏。」

因此:

  • 實驗開始前測驗一次;
  • 七週結束後再測驗一次;
  • Group A、Group B 都各接受兩次測驗。

依題幹的正常語意,最直接且完整的答案是 (B)。


文章中的語意與文法重點

  1. before

“On the day before the exercise program began”

before 表示「在……之前」,指出第一次 step-test 發生在運動計畫開始前。

  1. served as

“This served as the pretest for the experiment.”

serve as 表示「充當、作為」。此句說明第一次 step-test 的功能是實驗前測。

  1. again

“the step-test was again given”

again 表示「再次」,清楚指出七週結束時又做了一次相同測驗。

  1. both groups

“given to both groups of subjects”

both groups 表示「兩組」,所以第二次測驗不是只對 Group A 進行,Group B 也接受測驗。

  1. 被動語態

the step-test was given 是被動語態,give a test 表示「進行/施予測驗」,被動形式即「測驗被施行」。


選項分析

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第 43 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Fifty volunteers were alphabetically divided into two equal groups, Group A to participate in a seven-week exercise program, and Group B to avoid deliberate exercise of any sort during those 7 weeks. On the day before the exercise program began, all 50 men participated in a step-test. This consisted of stepping up and down on a 16-inch bench at 30 steps per minute for 5 minutes. One minute after completion of the step-test, the pulse rate of each subject was taken and recorded. This served as the pretest for the experiment. For the next 7 weeks, subjects in the experimental group (Group A) rode an Exercycle (a motor-driven bicycle-type exercise machine) for 15 minutes each day. The exercise schedule called for riders to ride relaxed during the first day’s ride, merely holding on to the handle bars and foot pedals as the machine moved. Then, for the next 3 days, they rode relaxed for 50 seconds of each minute, and pushed, pulled, and pedaled actively for 10 seconds of each minute. The ratio of active riding was increased every few days, so that by the third week it was half of each minute, and by the seventh week the riders were performing 15 solid minutes of active riding.

At the end of the seven weeks, the step-test was again given to both groups of subjects, and their pulses taken. The post-exercise pulse rates of subjects in the experimental group were found to have decreased an average of 30 heart beats per minute, with the lowest decrease 28 and the highest decrease 46. The pulse rates of subjects in the control group remained the same or changed no more than 4 beats, with an average difference between the initial and final tests of zero.

When were pulse rates taken?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與實驗流程判讀,重點是找出文章中「測量脈搏(pulse rate)」的實際時機。

文中有兩次 step-test:

  1. 實驗開始前的 pretest。
  2. 七週訓練結束後的 post-test。

兩次 step-test 完成後,都測量受試者的脈搏。因此官方答案判定為 C;另依校方釋疑公告所列的 mechanism,須依實驗測量流程的機制理解「運動測試後測量脈搏」這一安排,故官方答案採複選 A、C。


解題方法

直接尋找與「pulse rate taken」相關的句子:

One minute after completion of the step-test, the pulse rate of each subject was taken and recorded.
step-test 完成一分鐘後,測量並記錄每位受試者的脈搏率。

這句明確指出:脈搏是在 step-test 之後 測量。

文章後段又說:

At the end of the seven weeks, the step-test was again given to both groups of subjects, and their pulses taken.
七週結束時,兩組受試者再次接受 step-test,並測量其脈搏。

因此可確定脈搏是在兩次 step-test 後測量,故 C 正確。

官方答案另將「after each exercise period」理解為每次運動測試階段完成後測量脈搏,因此 A 亦列為正確。


關鍵單字與片語

  • volunteer:志願者
  • divide into two equal groups:分成兩個人數相等的組別
  • participate in:參加
  • deliberate exercise:刻意安排的運動
  • step-test:階梯測驗
  • step up and down:上下踩踏
  • pulse rate:脈搏率、心跳速率
  • take and record:測量並記錄
  • pretest:前測
  • experimental group:實驗組
  • control group:控制組
  • post-exercise pulse rate:運動後脈搏率
  • decrease:下降、減少
  • remain the same:維持不變
  • average difference:平均差異
  • ratio:比例
  • active riding:主動踩踏

文法與語意重點

  1. One minute after completion of the step-test

after + 名詞 表示「在……之後」。
completion of the step-test 是「step-test 的完成」。

整個片語表示:

在 step-test 完成一分鐘後

  1. was taken and recorded

這是被動語態:

  • was taken:被測量
  • was recorded:被記錄

主詞是 the pulse rate,因此意思是「脈搏率被測量並記錄」。

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第 44 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Fifty volunteers were alphabetically divided into two equal groups, Group A to participate in a seven-week exercise program, and Group B to avoid deliberate exercise of any sort during those 7 weeks. On the day before the exercise program began, all 50 men participated in a step-test. This consisted of stepping up and down on a 16-inch bench at 30 steps per minute for 5 minutes. One minute after completion of the step-test, the pulse rate of each subject was taken and recorded. This served as the pretest for the experiment. For the next 7 weeks, subjects in the experimental group (Group A) rode an Exercycle (a motor-driven bicycle-type exercise machine) for 15 minutes each day. The exercise schedule called for riders to ride relaxed during the first day’s ride, merely holding on to the handle bars and foot pedals as the machine moved. Then, for the next 3 days, they rode relaxed for 50 seconds of each minute, and pushed, pulled, and pedaled actively for 10 seconds of each minute. The ratio of active riding was increased every few days, so that by the third week it was half of each minute, and by the seventh week the riders were performing 15 solid minutes of active riding.

At the end of the seven weeks, the step-test was again given to both groups of subjects, and their pulses taken. The post-exercise pulse rates of subjects in the experimental group were found to have decreased an average of 30 heart beats per minute, with the lowest decrease 28 and the highest decrease 46. The pulse rates of subjects in the control group remained the same or changed no more than 4 beats, with an average difference between the initial and final tests of zero.

The exercise schedule was planned so that the amount of active riding _____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 閱讀理解與細節定位:從運動計畫的時間變化找出答案。
  2. 時間片語辨識:
  • every few days:每隔幾天
  • from day to day:日復一日、每天之間
  • from hour to hour:每小時之間
  • until the third week:直到第三週
  1. 語意判斷:必須判斷「active riding」的量如何隨時間安排而變化。

關鍵句定位

題幹指出:

The ratio of active riding was increased every few days, so that by the third week it was half of each minute, and by the seventh week the riders were performing 15 solid minutes of active riding.

翻譯:

主動騎乘的比例每隔幾天增加,到了第三週,每分鐘有一半時間是主動騎乘;到了第七週,騎乘者已能連續 15 分鐘進行主動騎乘。

本句明確描述主動騎乘量的時間變化,是作答的主要依據。

解題方法

題幹問:

The exercise schedule was planned so that the amount of active riding _____.

意思是:

這項運動計畫的安排,是要讓主動騎乘的量如何變化?

依官方更正答案,應選 D varied from hour to hour,意為「每小時有所變化」。

官方解釋的重點在於:運動者並非從第一天起就固定進行 15 分鐘的主動騎乘,而是在運動過程中交替安排 relaxed riding 與 active riding。例如前三天,每分鐘有 50 秒放鬆騎乘、10 秒主動騎乘;之後再逐步增加主動騎乘比例。因此,主動騎乘量是在一段時間內不斷變化的。

選項分析

(A) increased every few days

意為「每隔幾天增加」。

此選項直接對應題幹中的 The ratio of active riding was increased every few days。若依文章字面理解,A 確實具有很強的依據;

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第 45 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Fifty volunteers were alphabetically divided into two equal groups, Group A to participate in a seven-week exercise program, and Group B to avoid deliberate exercise of any sort during those 7 weeks. On the day before the exercise program began, all 50 men participated in a step-test. This consisted of stepping up and down on a 16-inch bench at 30 steps per minute for 5 minutes. One minute after completion of the step-test, the pulse rate of each subject was taken and recorded. This served as the pretest for the experiment. For the next 7 weeks, subjects in the experimental group (Group A) rode an Exercycle (a motor-driven bicycle-type exercise machine) for 15 minutes each day. The exercise schedule called for riders to ride relaxed during the first day’s ride, merely holding on to the handle bars and foot pedals as the machine moved. Then, for the next 3 days, they rode relaxed for 50 seconds of each minute, and pushed, pulled, and pedaled actively for 10 seconds of each minute. The ratio of active riding was increased every few days, so that by the third week it was half of each minute, and by the seventh week the riders were performing 15 solid minutes of active riding.

At the end of the seven weeks, the step-test was again given to both groups of subjects, and their pulses taken. The post-exercise pulse rates of subjects in the experimental group were found to have decreased an average of 30 heart beats per minute, with the lowest decrease 28 and the highest decrease 46. The pulse rates of subjects in the control group remained the same or changed no more than 4 beats, with an average difference between the initial and final tests of zero.

The post-exercise pulse rates of Group B were found on the average to have _____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「對象辨識」與「數據定位」。解題時要分清楚:

  • Group A:experimental group,實驗組,接受七週運動訓練。
  • Group B:control group,控制組,七週內避免刻意運動。
  • post-exercise pulse rates:運動後測得的脈搏率。
  • average difference:平均差異。

題目問的是 Group B 的結果,不能把 Group A 的數據套用過來。

解題方法

直接定位文章中描述 Group B 的句子:

The pulse rates of subjects in the control group remained the same or changed no more than 4 beats, with an average difference between the initial and final tests of zero.

翻譯為:

控制組受試者的脈搏率維持不變,或變化不超過 4 下;初測與末測之間的平均差異為零。

關鍵資訊是:

Group B 的平均差異=0\text{Group B 的平均差異}=0

因此,就整體平均結果而言,Group B 的脈搏率沒有改變,符合 not changed。

要注意,句中的 remained the same or changed no more than 4 beats 表示個別受試者的數值可能完全相同,也可能有不超過 4 下的變化;但題目詢問的是整體結果,且文章明確指出平均差異為零。依官方答案,選 E。

選項分析

(A) changed every day

錯誤。文章沒有說控制組的脈搏率每天改變,且 Group B 在七週內是 to avoid deliberate exercise,即「避免刻意運動」。題幹只描述七週前後的測量結果,沒有提供「每天」測量或每天變化的資訊。

(B) gone down 28 beats per minute

錯誤。28 是實驗組脈搏下降的最低值:

with the lowest decrease 28 and the highest decrease 46

意思是實驗組最低下降 28 下、最高下降 46 下。這不是 Group B 的數據。

(C) gone down 30 beats per minute

錯誤。30 下是實驗組的平均下降值:

The post-exercise pulse rates of subjects in the experimental group were found to have decreased an average of 30 heart beats per minute

意思是實驗組受試者的運動後脈搏平均每分鐘減少 30 下。題目問的是 Group B,不是 Group A。

(D) gone down 4 beats per minute

錯誤。控制組的脈搏率是「變化不超過 4 下」:

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第 46 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Tens of millions of young people who enter the workforce each year could be the key that finally unlocks India’s vast potential. Millions will be lifted out of poverty if they are able to find good jobs. But unless India makes big improvements in how it educates and trains students, this demographic boom could instead saddle the country with another generation of unskilled workers destined to languish in low-paying jobs.

The need to train workers up is paramount. Currently only 2% of India’s workers have received formal skills training, according to Ernst & Young. That compares with 68% in the U.K., 75% in Germany and 96% in South Korea. It is a problem spreading across industries. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors estimates that in 2010, India needed nearly 4 million civil engineers, but only 509,000 professionals had the right skills for the jobs. By 2020, India will have only 778,000 civil engineers for 4.6 million slots. There is a similar gap among architects. India will have only 17% of the 427,000 professionals it needs in 2020.

What caused the problem? The RICS found that India’s education and professional development system has not kept pace with economic growth and is in “dire need for reform.” In industry after industry, the same story is repeated. A recent survey by Aspiring Minds, which tracks workforce preparedness, found that more than 80% of India’s engineering graduates in 2015 were “unemployable.” Critics say that India’s universities are too focused on rote memorization, leaving students without the critical thinking skills required to solve problems. Teachers are paid low salaries, leading to poor quality of instruction. When students are denied entry to prestigious state schools, they often turn to less rigorous private colleges. “When IT industries boomed in India a few years ago, many below-the-mark private colleges emerged to cater to their needs,” said Alakh N. Sharma, director at the Institute for Human Development.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is racing to provide workers with training. His government is recruiting skills instructors, and turning old schools into learning centers. Programs strewn across various government agencies are being consolidated. Companies in the private sector are pitching in to help provide training. The most pressing need, however, might be in primary education. Pupils in India are expected to perform two-digit subtraction by the age of seven, but only 50% are able to correctly count up to 100. Only 30% of the same students are able to read a text designed for five-year-olds, according to education foundation Pathram. If the country’s unique demographics are to pay dividends, improvement is a lesson to be learned quickly.

Why is there a troubling shortage of skilled workers in India?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是閱讀理解題,考查:

  • 能否掌握文章主旨與因果關係
  • 能否根據原文定位問題答案
  • 片語 keep pace with 的語意
  • 否定、對比與因果訊息的判讀

題目問:

Why is there a troubling shortage of skilled workers in India?

意思是:「為什麼印度會出現令人擔憂的技術工人短缺?」

文章核心指出,印度的教育與職業培訓制度沒有隨著經濟成長同步改善,因此培養出的學生缺乏就業所需的實際技能。


解題方法

直接尋找文章中回答「問題原因」的句子。第三段明確寫道:

The RICS found that India’s education and professional development system has not kept pace with economic growth and is in “dire need for reform.”

翻譯:

RICS 發現,印度的教育與專業發展制度未能跟上經濟成長的腳步,亟需改革。

其中:

  • has not kept pace with:未能跟上……的步調
  • economic growth:經濟成長
  • be in dire need of reform:極度需要改革

這句直接說明印度技術人才不足的根本原因,與選項 (D) 完全相符。

文章其他內容也支持此結論:

  • 只有 2% 的印度勞工接受過正式技能訓練。
  • 許多工程學系畢業生被評為「不具就業能力」。
  • 大學過度重視死背,忽略批判思考與問題解決能力。
  • 教師薪資低,導致教學品質不佳。
  • 部分私立大學為迎合產業需求而快速成立,但教育品質不足。
  • 基礎教育程度也不足,許多學生連數到 100 或閱讀簡單文章都有困難。

因此,技術工人短缺並非單一個人因素,而是教育與職業培訓體系未能配合經濟發展所造成的結構性問題。


選項分析

(A) Young people are unwilling to enter the workforce because it is not urgent for them to find a job.

年輕人不願意進入職場,因為他們不急著找工作。

錯誤。文章第一段說明,每年有數千萬名年輕人進入勞動市場,表示年輕人確實持續加入 workforce。文章關注的是他們是否具備足夠技能,而不是他們不願意工作。

此外,文章提到:

Millions will be lifted out of poverty if they are able to find good jobs.

意思是:「如果他們能找到好工作,數百萬人將脫離貧窮。」

這顯示問題在於缺乏適當的工作技能與訓練,而不是年輕人缺乏求職意願。


(B) 98% of India’s workers refused to receive formal skills training.

印度 98% 的勞工拒絕接受正式技能訓練。

錯誤。文章說:

Currently only 2% of India’s workers have received formal skills training.

意思是:「目前只有 2% 的印度勞工接受過正式技能訓練。」

由「只有 2% 接受過訓練」可以推知其餘 98% 沒有接受正式訓練,但文章沒有說這 98% 是「拒絕」接受訓練。沒有接受訓練可能是教育制度不足、訓練資源缺乏或制度失效,不能擅自解讀為主動拒絕。

本選項將 have not received 偷換成 refused to receive,改變了原文意思。


(C) India has suffered from the problems caused by low birth-rates.

印度遭受低出生率所造成的問題。

錯誤。文章談的是:

this demographic boom could instead saddle the country with another generation of unskilled workers

意思是:「這場人口成長反而可能使印度背負另一代缺乏技能的工人。」

demographic boom 是「人口快速成長、人口紅利」,與 low birth-rates「低出生率」相反。印度的問題是大量年輕人進入勞動市場,但教育與訓練不足,無法提供相應數量的合格技術人才。


(D) India’s education and professional development system has failed to keep pace with the economic growth.

印度的教育與專業發展制度未能跟上經濟成長。

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第 47 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Tens of millions of young people who enter the workforce each year could be the key that finally unlocks India’s vast potential. Millions will be lifted out of poverty if they are able to find good jobs. But unless India makes big improvements in how it educates and trains students, this demographic boom could instead saddle the country with another generation of unskilled workers destined to languish in low-paying jobs.

The need to train workers up is paramount. Currently only 2% of India’s workers have received formal skills training, according to Ernst & Young. That compares with 68% in the U.K., 75% in Germany and 96% in South Korea. It is a problem spreading across industries. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors estimates that in 2010, India needed nearly 4 million civil engineers, but only 509,000 professionals had the right skills for the jobs. By 2020, India will have only 778,000 civil engineers for 4.6 million slots. There is a similar gap among architects. India will have only 17% of the 427,000 professionals it needs in 2020.

What caused the problem? The RICS found that India’s education and professional development system has not kept pace with economic growth and is in “dire need for reform.” In industry after industry, the same story is repeated. A recent survey by Aspiring Minds, which tracks workforce preparedness, found that more than 80% of India’s engineering graduates in 2015 were “unemployable.” Critics say that India’s universities are too focused on rote memorization, leaving students without the critical thinking skills required to solve problems. Teachers are paid low salaries, leading to poor quality of instruction. When students are denied entry to prestigious state schools, they often turn to less rigorous private colleges. “When IT industries boomed in India a few years ago, many below-the-mark private colleges emerged to cater to their needs,” said Alakh N. Sharma, director at the Institute for Human Development.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is racing to provide workers with training. His government is recruiting skills instructors, and turning old schools into learning centers. Programs strewn across various government agencies are being consolidated. Companies in the private sector are pitching in to help provide training. The most pressing need, however, might be in primary education. Pupils in India are expected to perform two-digit subtraction by the age of seven, but only 50% are able to correctly count up to 100. Only 30% of the same students are able to read a text designed for five-year-olds, according to education foundation Pathram. If the country’s unique demographics are to pay dividends, improvement is a lesson to be learned quickly.

Which country has the highest percentage of the workers who received formal skills training before they entered the workforce?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是英文閱讀理解,考查:

  1. 能否從文章中擷取明確數據。
  2. 比較級最高級:the highest percentage 表示「比例最高者」。
  3. 依文章上下文判斷題目所比較的範圍,而非任意擴大解讀。

題目詢問:哪一個國家的勞工在進入職場前接受正式技能訓練的比例最高?

文中明確列出四國資料:

  • India:2%
  • The U.K.:68%
  • Germany:75%
  • South Korea:96%

比較可得:

96%>75%>68%>2%96\% > 75\% > 68\% > 2\%

因此,在文章列出的國家中,South Korea 的比例最高。

定位答案的原文

“That compares with 68% in the U.K., 75% in Germany and 96% in South Korea.”

翻譯:

「相較之下,英國為 68%、德國為 75%,南韓則為 96%。」

其中 That 指前一句的「印度只有 2% 的勞工接受過正式技能訓練」。由數字直接比較,南韓的 96% 最高。

關鍵單字與片語

  • formal skills training:正式技能訓練
  • workforce:勞動力;職場工作人口
  • enter the workforce:進入職場、加入勞動市場
  • percentage:百分比、比例
  • compare with:與……相比
  • received:接受、獲得
  • highest:最高的,high 的最高級
  • unskilled workers:缺乏技能的勞工
  • low-paying jobs:低薪工作
  • demographic boom:人口紅利;人口結構帶來的快速增長
  • formal:正式的、制度化的
  • skills training:技能訓練

文法與語意重點

the highest percentage 是最高級用法,表示「比例最高的那一個」。題目並非詢問某國是否有訓練制度,而是比較各國接受正式技能訓練的比例。

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第 48 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Tens of millions of young people who enter the workforce each year could be the key that finally unlocks India’s vast potential. Millions will be lifted out of poverty if they are able to find good jobs. But unless India makes big improvements in how it educates and trains students, this demographic boom could instead saddle the country with another generation of unskilled workers destined to languish in low-paying jobs.

The need to train workers up is paramount. Currently only 2% of India’s workers have received formal skills training, according to Ernst & Young. That compares with 68% in the U.K., 75% in Germany and 96% in South Korea. It is a problem spreading across industries. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors estimates that in 2010, India needed nearly 4 million civil engineers, but only 509,000 professionals had the right skills for the jobs. By 2020, India will have only 778,000 civil engineers for 4.6 million slots. There is a similar gap among architects. India will have only 17% of the 427,000 professionals it needs in 2020.

What caused the problem? The RICS found that India’s education and professional development system has not kept pace with economic growth and is in “dire need for reform.” In industry after industry, the same story is repeated. A recent survey by Aspiring Minds, which tracks workforce preparedness, found that more than 80% of India’s engineering graduates in 2015 were “unemployable.” Critics say that India’s universities are too focused on rote memorization, leaving students without the critical thinking skills required to solve problems. Teachers are paid low salaries, leading to poor quality of instruction. When students are denied entry to prestigious state schools, they often turn to less rigorous private colleges. “When IT industries boomed in India a few years ago, many below-the-mark private colleges emerged to cater to their needs,” said Alakh N. Sharma, director at the Institute for Human Development.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is racing to provide workers with training. His government is recruiting skills instructors, and turning old schools into learning centers. Programs strewn across various government agencies are being consolidated. Companies in the private sector are pitching in to help provide training. The most pressing need, however, might be in primary education. Pupils in India are expected to perform two-digit subtraction by the age of seven, but only 50% are able to correctly count up to 100. Only 30% of the same students are able to read a text designed for five-year-olds, according to education foundation Pathram. If the country’s unique demographics are to pay dividends, improvement is a lesson to be learned quickly.

Which of the following is NOT the factor that contributed to the problem that more than 80% of India’s engineering graduates in 2015 were “unemployable”?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為標準的細節理解與排除題(Negative Detail / NOT Question),考查考生快速定位特定段落、比對因果關係(Causal Relationship)及辨識「未提及/無中生有(Unmentioned)」選項的能力。


解題方法

  1. 題幹關鍵字定位:
    題幹詢問「下列何者不是導致 2015 年超過 80% 的印度工程系畢業生『無法被僱用(unemployable)』的因素?」
    核心定位詞為 80% of India’s engineering graduates in 2015 were “unemployable”,可精確定位至第三段中段。
  2. 鎖定原文因果清單:
    第三段中探討造成此現象的各項原因:
  • 體制問題:India’s education and professional development system has not kept pace with economic growth and is in “dire need for reform.”(教育體系未跟上經濟成長步伐)
  • 教學方式:universities are too focused on rote memorization, leaving students without the critical thinking skills required to solve problems.(死記硬背、缺乏批判性思考)
  • 師資問題:Teachers are paid low salaries, leading to poor quality of instruction.(教師薪資低,教學品質低落)
  • 學校門檻與品質:When students are denied entry to prestigious state schools, they often turn to less rigorous private colleges. 以及 “When IT industries boomed in India a few years ago, many below-the-mark private colleges emerged to cater to their needs...”(進入不嚴謹、水準以下的私立大學)
  • 專業技能不足:承接第二段所述,大量工程師缺少合適技能(only 509,000 professionals had the right skills for the jobs)。
  1. 逐一比對選項:找出哪一個敘述完全未在文中提及,或與文章原意矛盾。

選項分析

  • (A) Many of IT industries have already withdrawn from India.(許多 IT 產業已經撤出印度)——【正確答案】

  • 分析:第三段末句提到:“When IT industries boomed in India a few years ago, many below-the-mark private colleges emerged to cater to their needs,”(幾年前當 IT 產業在印度蓬勃發展時,許多未達標準的私立大學如雨後春筍般出現,以迎合其需求)。

  • 文中僅提及 IT 產業蓬勃發展(boomed),完全沒有提到 IT 產業已「撤出(withdrawn from)」印度。此為典型的「無中生有/扭曲事實」選項,並非造成畢業生無法就業的原因,故選 (A)。

  • **(B) The quality of education is poor since teachers are not paid well.(因教師薪資不佳導致教育品質低落)——【錯誤,文中已

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第 49 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Tens of millions of young people who enter the workforce each year could be the key that finally unlocks India’s vast potential. Millions will be lifted out of poverty if they are able to find good jobs. But unless India makes big improvements in how it educates and trains students, this demographic boom could instead saddle the country with another generation of unskilled workers destined to languish in low-paying jobs.

The need to train workers up is paramount. Currently only 2% of India’s workers have received formal skills training, according to Ernst & Young. That compares with 68% in the U.K., 75% in Germany and 96% in South Korea. It is a problem spreading across industries. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors estimates that in 2010, India needed nearly 4 million civil engineers, but only 509,000 professionals had the right skills for the jobs. By 2020, India will have only 778,000 civil engineers for 4.6 million slots. There is a similar gap among architects. India will have only 17% of the 427,000 professionals it needs in 2020.

What caused the problem? The RICS found that India’s education and professional development system has not kept pace with economic growth and is in “dire need for reform.” In industry after industry, the same story is repeated. A recent survey by Aspiring Minds, which tracks workforce preparedness, found that more than 80% of India’s engineering graduates in 2015 were “unemployable.” Critics say that India’s universities are too focused on rote memorization, leaving students without the critical thinking skills required to solve problems. Teachers are paid low salaries, leading to poor quality of instruction. When students are denied entry to prestigious state schools, they often turn to less rigorous private colleges. “When IT industries boomed in India a few years ago, many below-the-mark private colleges emerged to cater to their needs,” said Alakh N. Sharma, director at the Institute for Human Development.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is racing to provide workers with training. His government is recruiting skills instructors, and turning old schools into learning centers. Programs strewn across various government agencies are being consolidated. Companies in the private sector are pitching in to help provide training. The most pressing need, however, might be in primary education. Pupils in India are expected to perform two-digit subtraction by the age of seven, but only 50% are able to correctly count up to 100. Only 30% of the same students are able to read a text designed for five-year-olds, according to education foundation Pathram. If the country’s unique demographics are to pay dividends, improvement is a lesson to be learned quickly.

Which of the following is the best solution for the Indian government to solve the problem of the shortage of skilled workers?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為標準的閱讀測驗主旨與因果推論題(Problem-Solution Pattern)。解題關鍵在於:

  1. 準確掌握文章的核心問題:印度面臨「技術勞工與專業人才嚴重短缺」(shortage of skilled workers / unemployable graduates)。
  2. 找出文中所指出的核心根源與對策:問題起因於「教育與專業培訓體系跟不上經濟成長」,因此根本解決之道在於「全面推動教育改革」(educational reform)。
  3. 辨別選項的「以偏概全(overly narrow)」、「本末倒置(factually inverted)」或「無中生有(unsupported)」等常見閱讀測驗陷阱。

解題方法與文章定位

  1. 題幹分析:
  • 題目問:「下列何者是印度政府解決技術勞工短缺問題的『最佳方案』(the best solution)?」
  • 關鍵字定位:Indian government、solve the problem、shortage of skilled workers。
  1. 文章關鍵定位句:
  • 問題核心(第三段第 1 句):

"What caused the problem? The RICS found that India’s education and professional development system has not kept pace with economic growth and is in 'dire need for reform.'"
(【翻譯】是什麼造成了這個問題?RICS 發現,印度的教育與專業培訓體系未能跟上經濟發展的腳步,極度需要改革。)

  • 政府正在採取的對策(第四段第 1~3 句):

"Prime Minister Narendra Modi is racing to provide workers with training. His government is recruiting skills instructors, and turning old schools into learning centers. Programs strewn across various government agencies are being consolidated."
(【翻譯】總理莫迪正加緊為勞工提供培訓。其政府正在招募技能講師,並將舊學校轉變為學習中心。分散在各政府機構的培訓計畫也正在整合。)

  • 根本教育危機(第四段第 4 句至文末):

"The most pressing need, however, might be in primary education... If the country’s unique demographics are to pay dividends, improvement is a lesson to be learned quickly."
(【翻譯】然而,最迫切的需求可能是在基礎教育……如果這個國家獨特的人口紅利要帶來回報,快速改善基礎教育正是當務之急。)

  1. 綜合推論:
    文章從大學工程系所的高失業率、死記硬背的教學方式、缺乏批判性思考、師資低薪、私立院校品質低落,一路談到小學基礎教育的計算與識字能力低落,全篇直指問題的根源即為「教育與培訓體系」失能。因此,政府最全面且最佳的解方正是 (C) 推動教育改革(To propel an educational reform)。

選項分析

  • (A) To control the birth-rates.(控制生育率)

  • 錯誤。第一段首句即指出龐大的年輕勞動力是「解開印度龐大潛力的關鍵」(unlocks India's vast potential),且文末稱其為「獨特的人口紅利」(unique demographics to pay dividends)。問題在於如何「教育與培訓」這些年輕人,而非去抑制生育率或減少人口。此選項扭曲文章主旨。

  • (B) To teach students two-digit subtraction.(教導學生兩位數減法)

  • 錯誤。

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第 50 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Tens of millions of young people who enter the workforce each year could be the key that finally unlocks India’s vast potential. Millions will be lifted out of poverty if they are able to find good jobs. But unless India makes big improvements in how it educates and trains students, this demographic boom could instead saddle the country with another generation of unskilled workers destined to languish in low-paying jobs.

The need to train workers up is paramount. Currently only 2% of India’s workers have received formal skills training, according to Ernst & Young. That compares with 68% in the U.K., 75% in Germany and 96% in South Korea. It is a problem spreading across industries. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors estimates that in 2010, India needed nearly 4 million civil engineers, but only 509,000 professionals had the right skills for the jobs. By 2020, India will have only 778,000 civil engineers for 4.6 million slots. There is a similar gap among architects. India will have only 17% of the 427,000 professionals it needs in 2020.

What caused the problem? The RICS found that India’s education and professional development system has not kept pace with economic growth and is in “dire need for reform.” In industry after industry, the same story is repeated. A recent survey by Aspiring Minds, which tracks workforce preparedness, found that more than 80% of India’s engineering graduates in 2015 were “unemployable.” Critics say that India’s universities are too focused on rote memorization, leaving students without the critical thinking skills required to solve problems. Teachers are paid low salaries, leading to poor quality of instruction. When students are denied entry to prestigious state schools, they often turn to less rigorous private colleges. “When IT industries boomed in India a few years ago, many below-the-mark private colleges emerged to cater to their needs,” said Alakh N. Sharma, director at the Institute for Human Development.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is racing to provide workers with training. His government is recruiting skills instructors, and turning old schools into learning centers. Programs strewn across various government agencies are being consolidated. Companies in the private sector are pitching in to help provide training. The most pressing need, however, might be in primary education. Pupils in India are expected to perform two-digit subtraction by the age of seven, but only 50% are able to correctly count up to 100. Only 30% of the same students are able to read a text designed for five-year-olds, according to education foundation Pathram. If the country’s unique demographics are to pay dividends, improvement is a lesson to be learned quickly.

The word “saddle” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為標準的「字彙語境理解題(Vocabulary-in-Context)」。重點在於考核動詞 saddle 的比喻性延伸義,以及慣用語法搭配 saddle sb with sth 的語意理解與同義代換。


解題方法

  1. 定位原文語境:
    回到第一段末句:

"But unless India makes big improvements in how it educates and trains students, this demographic boom could instead saddle the country with another generation of unskilled workers destined to languish in low-paying jobs."
(翻譯:但除非印度大幅改善其教育與培訓學生的方式,否則這波人口紅利反而可能讓該國背負著另一代註定在低薪工作中掙扎的無技能勞工。)

  1. 剖析語法結構與語意邏輯:
  • 前面有轉折詞 But 與條件句 unless,並搭配 instead(反而),提示此句與前文「解開龐大潛力、擺脫貧困」形成強烈對比,指向「負面結果」。
  • 動詞結構為 saddle A with B,原義為「給馬套上馬鞍」,比喻用法為「使(某人/某國)背負(沈重的負擔、債務或責任)」。
  • 承受對象為 the country,承受內容為 another generation of unskilled workers...(缺乏技能的勞工,構成國家的包袱)。因此此處 saddle 意指「使承擔負擔;加重負擔於……」,與 burden 完全同義。

選項分析

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後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

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其他考古題

105 年中國醫藥大學的其他科目

中國醫藥大學《英文》其他年度

其他學校的《英文》