中國醫藥大學 101 年 《英文》
第 1 題
I. Vocabulary
Part I: Choose the best word to complete the sentence.
The manager _____ the results of the survey report for hours and finally mapped out the marketing plan this year.
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核心觀念
本題考查單字詞義與上下文語意判斷,關鍵在於:
- for hours:持續數小時,表示經過一段時間的思考或處理。
- finally:最後,表示經過前面的行為後產生結果。
- mapped out the marketing plan:規劃出行銷計畫。
句意是:經理花了好幾個小時仔細思考調查報告的結果,最後規劃出今年的行銷計畫。因此空格需要填入「仔細思考、考慮」之意的動詞。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句為:
The manager _____ the results of the survey report for hours and finally mapped out the marketing plan this year.
翻譯:
經理花了好幾個小時仔細思考調查報告的結果,最後規劃出今年的行銷計畫。
空格後接名詞片語 the results of the survey report,需要一個能直接接受詞、表示「思考、仔細考慮」的及物動詞。contemplated 正是 contemplate 的過去式,意思是「仔細思考、沉思、考慮」。
句子的邏輯為:
因此選擇 (B) contemplated。
選項分析
(A) intervened
intervene 的意思是「介入、干預、調停」。
例如:
- The teacher intervened in the argument.
老師介入了這場爭執。
通常用於介入衝突、事件或他人行動,與「花數小時思考調查結果」的語意不符。句中沒有衝突或需要調停的情境,因此錯誤。
(B) contemplated
contemplate 的意思是「仔細思考、沉思、考慮」,可用作及物動詞,後接名詞或名詞片語:
- contemplate the problem
仔細思考這個問題 - contemplate the results
仔細思考這些結果
contemplated the results 與 for hours 搭配自然,且與後面的 finally mapped out the marketing plan 形成合理的先後關係:經理先研究結果,再規劃行銷計畫。
因此本選項正確。
(C) nurtured
nurture 的意思是「培育、養育、滋養、培養」。
例如:
- nurture a child
養育孩子 - nurture talent
培養才能 - nurture a relationship
維繫並培養關係
nurtured the results 意為「培育調查結果」,語意不合。調查結果是經理分析與思考的對象,不是需要養育或培養的事物,因此錯誤。
(D) fossilized
第 2 題2 分
In the biology class, students used the _____ to examine a drop of water from the pond, and saw a great variety of tiny organisms.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與「語意搭配」。句意描述生物課中,學生使用某種儀器觀察池塘水滴,並看見許多微小生物。因此空格應填入具有放大觀察功能的儀器 microscope(顯微鏡)。
題幹關鍵句:
In the biology class, students used the _____ to examine a drop of water from the pond, and saw a great variety of tiny organisms.
翻譯:
在生物課上,學生使用_____檢查一滴池塘水,並看見各式各樣的微小生物。
其中,used the + 儀器名稱 + to V 表示「使用某項工具來做某事」;後面的 tiny organisms 更明確提示觀察對象非常微小,需要顯微鏡放大。
解題方法
先抓動詞片語 used the _____ to examine。空格應填入「可用來觀察水滴中微小生物的工具或儀器」。
再利用後文 saw a great variety of tiny organisms 判斷:若能看見肉眼難以辨識的微小生物,所使用的應是具有放大功能的顯微鏡。
因此:
- microscope:觀察微小物體的儀器,語意完全符合。
- 其餘選項雖然都含有 micro-,但 micro- 僅表示「微小的」,不能據此判斷答案;必須根據完整單字的字義與句中功能作答。
選項分析
(A) microscope——顯微鏡
正確。microscope 是用來放大並觀察細胞、微生物及其他微小物體的儀器。學生用顯微鏡觀察池塘水滴,看到許多微小生物,符合生物課的情境與句意。
常見搭配包括:
- use a microscope 使用顯微鏡
- examine a specimen under a microscope 在顯微鏡下檢查標本
- observe microorganisms with a microscope 用顯微鏡觀察微生物
(B) microprocessor——微處理器
錯誤。microprocessor 指電腦或電子設備中的微處理器,負責執行運算與控制指令,並非用來放大觀察水滴的儀器。
第 3 題2 分
Most of the employers were in full _____ with labor laws; only a few broke the regulations.
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核心觀念
本題考「固定搭配」與「語意判斷」。
題幹中的關鍵片語是:
Most of the employers were in full compliance with labor laws; only a few broke the regulations.
大多數雇主都完全遵守勞工法規;只有少數違反規定。
in compliance with ... 表示「遵守、符合……」;in full compliance with ... 則表示「完全遵守……、完全符合……」。
句中後半段的 only a few broke the regulations 意為「只有少數違反規定」,與前半句形成對比,因此空格應填入表示「遵守、符合」的名詞。
解題方法
空格前有介系詞 in,空格後接 with labor laws,可判斷需要填入一個能構成固定片語的名詞:
in full _____ with labor laws
其中最自然且符合文法與語意的搭配是:
in full compliance with labor laws
完整句意為:
「大多數雇主都完全遵守勞工法規;只有少數違反規定。」
因此選擇 (A) compliance。
選項分析
(A) compliance 遵守;服從;符合
compliance 可表示「遵守規定或法律的行為、狀態」,常見搭配為:
in compliance with the law遵守法律in full compliance with regulations完全遵守規定compliance with safety standards符合安全標準
in full compliance with labor laws 完全符合勞工法規,文法、搭配與語意皆正確。
(B) fixation 固定;專注;固著
fixation 通常指「固定」或「過度專注、執著」,例如:
a fixation on money對金錢的執著the fixation of a broken bone骨折部位的固定
in full fixation with labor laws 不是正確或自然的英文搭配,且「對勞工法規的固定」也不符合句意。
第 4 題2 分
The doctor’s handwriting is so bad that I cannot _____ his prescription.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與「語境判斷」。題幹描述醫師的字跡非常潦草,因此說話者無法「辨認、解讀」處方內容。能表達此意義的動詞是 decipher。
句型重點為:
The doctor’s handwriting is so bad that I cannot decipher his prescription.
醫師的字跡太潦草了,以至於我無法辨認他的處方。
其中:
- so + 形容詞 + that + 子句:如此……以至於……
- cannot + 原形動詞:無法……
- prescription:處方;此處指醫師開立的書面用藥指示。
解題方法
先抓出關鍵線索:
handwriting is so bad
字跡非常糟糕、潦草
接著判斷「看不懂醫師的處方」需要什麼動作。此處必須填入表示「辨讀難以辨認的文字」的動詞,因此選 decipher。
完整句意為:
The doctor’s handwriting is so bad that I cannot decipher his prescription.
醫師的字跡太潦草,以至於我無法辨認他的處方。
選項分析
(A) validate
validate 意為「驗證、證實……有效或正確」。
例如:
- validate a theory:驗證理論
- validate a ticket:使票券生效
- validate the results:確認結果有效
句中需要的是「辨認處方內容」,不是「驗證處方是否有效」,因此不合語意。
(B) coordinate
coordinate 意為「協調、使配合;統籌」。
例如:
- coordinate a meeting:協調會議
- coordinate activities:統籌活動
- coordinate movements:協調動作
處方與「協調」沒有語意上的搭配關係,且題幹重點在字跡難以閱讀,因此錯誤。
第 5 題2 分
There were discrepancies and fierce disputes over the issue of food safety among party lawmakers. The party leader is working hard to heal the _____ inside the party.
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核心觀念
本題考「語境判斷」與「固定搭配」。
關鍵片語是 heal a rift,意為「修補裂痕、化解不和」。其中:
- rift:裂痕;不和;分歧
- heal a rift:修補關係裂痕、平息內部不和
題幹提到黨內議員因食品安全議題出現 discrepancies(分歧)與 fierce disputes(激烈爭議),表示黨內關係產生嚴重不和,因此需要黨主席努力修補這道「裂痕」。
解題方法
定位題幹中的線索:
There were discrepancies and fierce disputes over the issue of food safety among party lawmakers.
政黨議員之間針對食品安全議題出現分歧與激烈爭議。
前句描述黨內成員發生爭執,後句說:
The party leader is working hard to heal the _____ inside the party.
黨主席正努力修補黨內的___。
「修補」的對象應是由爭執造成的「裂痕」或「不和」,最自然的搭配是 heal the rift,因此選 rift。
選項分析
(A) consensus:共識
consensus 指多數人共同接受的意見或決定,例如 reach a consensus(達成共識)。黨內既然已有分歧與激烈爭議,題意是在修補不和,不是「修補共識」;heal a consensus 也不是自然的英語搭配,因此錯誤。
(B) alliance:聯盟;結盟關係
alliance 指不同團體、國家或個人之間的合作關係,例如 form an alliance(組成聯盟)。題幹描述的是同一政黨內部的爭執,重點在於修補關係裂痕,而非重新建立聯盟;
第 6 題2 分
After the fight, Steve came to make amends, but Amanda, feeling _____ and sulky, chose to ignore him.
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核心觀念
本題考查「上下文語意判斷」與形容詞字義辨析。解題關鍵在於:
make amends:彌補過錯、和解feeling _____ and sulky:感到某種情緒,而且表現出悶悶不樂、鬧脾氣的樣子ignore him:不理會他
因此,空格應填入表示「易怒、任性、愛鬧脾氣」的形容詞。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句為:
After the fight, Steve came to make amends, but Amanda, feeling _____ and sulky, chose to ignore him.
翻譯:
爭吵過後,Steve 前來道歉和解,但 Amanda 覺得很任性、愛鬧脾氣又悶悶不樂,因此選擇不理他。
petulant 與 sulky 都可描述一個人因不滿而鬧脾氣、態度不悅,語意搭配自然,故選 C。
解題方法
先判斷句子的情境:
- Steve 在爭吵後前來
make amends,表示他想修補關係、彌補過錯。 - Amanda 卻選擇
ignore him,顯示她仍然心情不佳、不願理睬對方。 sulky已明確表示「悶悶不樂的、鬧彆扭的」。- 空格中的字應與
sulky語意相近,形成同義或近義並列。
petulant 意為「易怒的、任性的、愛發脾氣的」,與 sulky 完全符合。
選項分析
(A) indigenous
意為「本土的、原產的、土著的」,通常用於描述某種生物、文化或族群原本存在於某地。
例:indigenous plants 意為「原生植物」。
本句描述 Amanda 的情緒與態度,indigenous 不表示情緒,與 feeling ... and sulky 的語意不合,錯誤。
(B) sparse
意為「稀疏的、稀少的、不密集的」。
第 7 題2 分
The refugees made an _____ journey through the mountains, crossed the border, and then advanced into the neighboring country.
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核心觀念
本題考「語意判斷」與形容詞搭配。空格位於冠詞 an 與名詞 journey 之間,因此需要填入能修飾旅程性質的形容詞。
題幹描述難民:
- 穿越山區
- 越過國界
- 進入鄰國
這是一段充滿艱難與勞苦的旅程,因此應選 arduous。
解題方法
定位關鍵語意:
The refugees made an _____ journey through the mountains, crossed the border, and then advanced into the neighboring country.
翻譯為:
難民穿越山區,越過國界,然後向鄰國境內挺進,完成了一段艱苦的旅程。
其中 through the mountains 顯示地形險峻;crossed the border 與 advanced into 顯示難民持續長途跋涉、向前推進。這些線索共同指向「艱苦、費力的旅程」。
arduous 意為「艱苦的、費力的、辛勞的」,最符合 journey 的語意,且 an arduous journey 是自然且常見的搭配。
選項分析
(A) arbitrary
意為「任意的、武斷的、隨意決定的」。
an arbitrary journey 可勉強組成文法結構,但語意不合。旅程本身通常描述其距離、難度或目的;題幹沒有「任意選擇」或「武斷決定」的意思,因此錯誤。
(B) intelligible
意為「可理解的、易懂的」。
an intelligible journey 通常不成立,因為 intelligible 多用來形容語言、說明、聲音或概念是否容易理解,例如 an intelligible explanation。題幹是在描述旅程的艱難程度,不是在說旅程是否容易理解,因此錯誤。
(C) endemic
意為「地方特有的、某地特有的;地方性流行的」。
第 8 題2 分
Part II: Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence.
Facebook launched an official London Olympics page for fans to connect with their favorite athletes and teams, a move it says can help make this summer’s games the first “truly friendly” one.
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核心觀念
本題考「上下文判斷近義字」以及動詞 launch 的語意。
句中:
- launch:推出、發起、開辦、正式啟動
- launched an official London Olympics page:推出一個官方倫敦奧運粉絲專頁
在此語境中,Facebook 建立並正式推出官方粉絲專頁,讓粉絲能與喜愛的運動員及隊伍交流,因此 launched 最接近 initiated,即「開始、發起、啟動」。
解題方法
先鎖定關鍵片語:
Facebook launched an official London Olympics page for fans to connect with their favorite athletes and teams.
Facebook 推出了一個官方倫敦奧運粉絲專頁,讓粉絲能與自己喜愛的運動員及隊伍互動。
句中的 launched 是及物動詞,後面接受詞 an official London Olympics page,表示 Facebook「推出、啟動」這個粉絲專頁。
將各選項代入:
- Facebook initiated an official page.
Facebook 啟動/推出一個官方專頁。語意通順。 - Facebook blocked an official page.
Facebook 阻擋一個官方專頁。與建立頁面的語意相反。 - Facebook purchased an official page.
Facebook 購買一個官方專頁。不符合社群平台建立頁面的情境。 - Facebook leased an official page.
Facebook 租用一個官方專頁。語意不合。 - Facebook merged an official page.
Facebook 合併一個官方專頁。缺少另一個合併對象,且不符上下文。
因此答案為 initiated。
關鍵單字與片語
- launch:推出;發起;啟動
- official:官方的
- page:頁面;粉絲專頁
- fan:粉絲
- connect with:與……聯繫、互動
- favorite:最喜愛的
- athlete:運動員
- team:隊伍
- move:行動;措施
- truly friendly:真正友善的
句末的:
a move it says can help make this summer’s games the first “truly friendly” one
第 9 題2 分
Part II: Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence.
Baltimore Orioles starter Wei-Yin Chen threw seven scoreless innings against the Atlanta Braves Sunday to help his team claim a 2-0 victory in Atlanta, amounting to another dominant performance delivered by the Taiwan-native lefty that is, as put by his teammate, “Chen-sational.”
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與「片語在語境中的意思」。題幹中關鍵片語為 amounting to,其基本意思是「總計為、等同於、構成」。在本句中,指魏胤庭的這場優異表現「又增加一筆,形成另一場具壓倒性的表現」。
官方答案以 escalating(逐漸增加、升高、加劇)作為最接近的選項。
關鍵句定位與翻譯
...amounting to another dominant performance delivered by the Taiwan-native lefty...
翻譯:
……又增添了這位台灣籍左投手一場具壓倒性的表現……
前文描述 Wei-Yin Chen 投出七局無失分,幫助球隊以 2 比 0 獲勝;因此後面的 amounting to another dominant performance 是在累加、強化他先前優異的表現紀錄。
解題方法
先判斷句中語意:
- Chen 投出七局無失分。
- 球隊獲勝。
- 這場比賽成為他「又一場」出色的表現。
因此,關鍵概念是「表現持續增加、優勢更加明顯」。五個選項中,只有 escalating 具有「逐步升高、增加、加劇」的方向,與「another dominant performance」所呈現的累積、增強語意最接近。
選項分析
(A) confining:限制的、侷限的
- confine 是「限制、使侷限」。
- 題幹是在描述 Chen 的優異表現增加,沒有「限制」之意。
- 因此錯誤。
(B) escalating:逐漸增加的、升高的、加劇的
- escalate 原指「逐步升高」,可用於價格、衝突、壓力,也可延伸表示程度不斷增加。
- 題幹中的「another dominant performance」表示又累積一場強勢表現,與「增加、加強」的語意最接近。
- 依官方公布答案,本題選 B。
第 10 題2 分
Part II: Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence.
According to recent research, nearly half of Americans believe that the popular social networking is a passing fad.
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核心觀念
本題考「同義字辨識」與語境判讀, underlined word 應為 fad。
- fad:一時流行的事物;短暫的風潮
- vogue:流行;時尚;盛行的風潮
句中的 a passing fad 指「短暫流行、很快會退流行的事物」,與 vogue 的「流行、風潮」意義最接近。
題幹定位與翻譯
According to recent research, nearly half of Americans believe that the popular social networking is a passing fad.
根據最近的研究,將近一半的美國人相信,流行的社群網路只是一時的風潮。
其中:
- according to:根據
- recent research:最近的研究
- nearly half of:將近一半的
- Americans:美國人
- social networking:社群網路活動;社交網站使用
- passing:短暫的;很快消退的
- fad:短暫流行的風潮
解題方法
先判斷 fad 在句中的語意。由於前面有 passing 修飾,形成片語 a passing fad,強調某種事物雖然目前流行,卻不會長久,只是暫時的流行風潮。
四個選項中,只有 vogue 表示「流行、時尚、風潮」,與 fad 的核心語意相近,因此選 (D)。
需注意的是,fad 比 vogue 更強調「流行時間短、容易退流行」;兩字並非完全等義,但在本題的同義字選擇中,vogue 是最接近的選項。
選項分析
(A) record
- record:紀錄;唱片;記錄
- 可作名詞或動詞使用,例如 keep a record(留下紀錄)、record the event(記錄事件)。
第 11 題2 分
Part II: Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence.
The village was flooded after the torrential downpours.
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核心觀念
本題考「近義字辨識」與字義判斷,核心是比較句中 flooded 與各選項的意思。
題幹:
The village was flooded after the torrential downpours.
暴雨過後,這座村莊被洪水淹沒了。
- flooded:被洪水淹沒的;遭水淹的
- torrential downpours:傾盆大雨;暴雨
- torrential:如 torrents(急流)般的;猛烈的
- downpour:傾盆大雨、驟雨
句意是:猛烈的暴雨造成村莊遭水淹,因此答案必須選擇與「被淹沒」意思最接近的字。
解題方法
先抓句子的核心動詞 flooded。其基本語意是「被大量的水淹沒」,可改寫為:
The village was inundated after the torrential downpours.
其中 inundated 正是「淹沒、使遭洪水」之意,與 flooded 完全符合。
句型上,was flooded 是被動語態:
表示「村莊被淹沒」,並非村莊主動淹沒其他地方。
選項分析
- (A) inundated:正確。
inundate 是「淹沒、使泛濫」;inundated 是過去分詞或形容詞,表示「被淹沒的」。
例句中的 The village was inundated 與 The village was flooded 意思相同。
第 12 題2 分
Part II: Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence.
Grief-stricken, the man quaffed half the contents of his glass in one gulp.
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核心觀念
本題考查字義辨析,重點是判斷畫線字 quaffed 在句中的意思。
- quaff:痛飲、暢飲;快速而大量地喝
- drink:喝、飲用
句中描述男子一口氣喝下半杯玻璃杯中的飲料,因此 quaffed 與 drank 意思最接近。雖然 quaff 帶有「豪飲、痛飲」的語氣,比一般的 drink 更強烈,但五個選項中以 drank 最符合。
題幹定位與翻譯
Grief-stricken, the man quaffed half the contents of his glass in one gulp.
翻譯:
那名男子悲痛欲絕,一口氣痛飲了杯中一半的內容物。
其中:
- Grief-stricken:悲痛欲絕的;受到巨大悲傷打擊的
- the man:那名男子
- quaffed:痛飲、豪飲
- half the contents of his glass:他的杯中一半的內容物
- in one gulp:一口吞下;一口氣喝下
解題方法
先判斷 quaffed 在句中所作的詞性。它位於主詞 the man 之後,且後面接受詞 half the contents of his glass,因此是及物動詞,表示男子對杯中飲料所做的動作。
再利用片語 in one gulp 判斷語意:
- gulp 作名詞時,指「一大口、吞嚥一次」
- in one gulp 表示「一口氣、大口地吞下」
這個語境明確指向「喝」的動作,而非倒出、傾斜、嘔吐或裝滿。因此答案為表示「喝」的 drank。
選項分析
(A) poured
- pour:倒、傾注
- poured:倒了、傾倒了
若使用 poured,意思會變成「男子把杯中一半的內容物倒出」,這是將液體移出的動作,不是飲用。且 in one gulp 通常修飾吞喝,不適合修飾「倒」的動作,因此錯誤。
(B) tilted
- tilt:使傾斜;傾斜
- tilted:使……傾斜了;傾斜了
第 13 題2 分
Part II: Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence.
European leaders are trying to sort out the worsening muddle of financial problems.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與「同義字判斷」。須根據句子語境,找出畫線字 muddle 最接近的英文單字。
題幹中的關鍵片語:
- sort out:整理、解決、理清
- worsening:日益惡化的
- muddle:混亂、雜亂、困境
- financial problems:財務問題、金融問題
題幹定位與翻譯
European leaders are trying to sort out the worsening muddle of financial problems.
翻譯:
歐洲領袖正試圖解決日益惡化的金融問題混亂局面。
句中 muddle 表示「混亂、雜亂的狀況」,與 mess「混亂、髒亂、棘手的局面」意思最接近。
解題方法
先判斷 muddle 在本句中的詞性與語意:
- the worsening muddle 中,muddle 是名詞。
- 前面有 worsening 修飾,表示這種狀況正在惡化。
- 後面接 of financial problems,說明混亂的內容是金融問題。
因此,句意是「日益惡化的金融問題混亂局面」,應選擇表示「混亂、亂局」的名詞。
選項分析
(A) match
match 可作名詞,表示「比賽、火柴、相配的人或物」,也可作動詞,表示「匹配、相稱」。
代入句中:
the worsening match of financial problems
變成「日益惡化的金融問題比賽/匹配」,語意不通,因此錯誤。
第 14 題2 分
Part II: Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence.
Rookery is a colony where gregarious mammals or birds, such as seals or penguins, gather to breed.
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核心觀念
本題考「同義字辨識」與語境判讀,關鍵字是 gregarious。
題幹原文:
Rookery is a colony where gregarious mammals or birds, such as seals or penguins, gather to breed.
翻譯:
Rookery 是一種群居哺乳類或鳥類聚集繁殖的群落,例如海豹或企鵝的繁殖地。
關鍵單字與片語
- rookery:群居繁殖地;鳥類或海豹等聚集繁殖的地方
- colony:群落;聚居地
- gregarious:喜歡群居的;合群的;社交性的
- mammal:哺乳類動物
- gather:聚集
- breed:繁殖
- such as:例如
- social:社交的;合群的;喜歡與同類相處的
題幹以「哺乳類或鳥類聚集繁殖」說明 gregarious 的語意,指動物傾向與同類群聚,而非獨居。因此最接近的字是 social。
解題方法
先利用語境判斷:
mammals or birds ... gather to breed
這段指出這些動物會「聚集繁殖」,可推知 gregarious 是「群居、合群」之意。
再將各選項與「群居、合群」比較:
- 只有 social 可表示「喜歡群體生活、與同類相處」。
- 其他選項分別涉及「相關性、海洋、瀕危、食性」,都不是群聚行為。
因此選擇 (D) social。
選項分析
(A) germane:相關的;切題的
例如:His comments were germane to the discussion.
第 15 題2 分
Part II: Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence.
The clerk was arrested on a charge that he embezzled a million dollars from the public funds.
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核心觀念
本題考查近義字辨析,關鍵在於理解 embezzle 的意思:
- embezzle:挪用、盜用、侵吞(通常指經手公款或他人財物的人,暗中將其占為己有)
- misappropriate:挪用、盜用、不當使用他人財物或資金
題幹中的 embezzled a million dollars from the public funds 指「從公款中侵吞一百萬美元」,因此最接近的字是 misappropriated。
解題方法
先抓句中的核心動詞:
The clerk was arrested on a charge that he embezzled a million dollars from the public funds.
該名職員因被控從公款中侵吞一百萬美元而遭到逮捕。
判斷 embezzled 的語意有三個重點:
- 對象是金錢或財產。
- 這些財產原本屬於他人或公眾。
- 行為人利用職務或管理上的接觸機會,將財物私自占有。
misappropriate 正好具有「未經允許而挪用、盜用他人資金」的意思,尤其可用於公款、公司資金或受託財產,因此與 embezzle 最接近。
句型方面:
- be arrested on a charge that...:因被控……而遭逮捕
- public funds:公款、公共資金
- from the public funds:從公款中
選項分析
(A) misappropriated 挪用、盜用
正確。misappropriate 表示不當使用、私自挪用原本屬於他人的金錢或財產,與 embezzle 的核心語意完全相符。
題幹可改寫為:
He misappropriated a million dollars from the public funds.
他從公款中挪用了一百萬美元。
(B) miscalculated 計算錯誤
錯誤。miscalculate 是「算錯、估計錯誤」,例如算錯金額、低估風險或誤判情勢。它不包含「私自占有或盜用資金」的意思。
第 16 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Applying a new genomic technique to a large group of patients, researchers in Britain have detected DNA variations that underlie seven common diseases, discovering unexpected links between them. The variations pinpoint biological pathways underlying each of the diseases, and researchers hope that ____ , new drugs and treatments will emerge. The seven common diseases are bipolar disorder, coronary artery disease, Crohn’s disease, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, and Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
Unveiling the complex genetics of common diseases was the promised payoff of the billion human genome project, completed in 2003, but ____ until the recent development of devices that in a single operation can read the DNA sequence at up to points across an individual’s genome. And ____ , called chips, researchers can compare large numbers of patients with healthy individuals, looking for points of differences in their genomes that ____ .
The approach is known as whole genome association, and studies on Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and breast cancer have been reported within the last few weeks. Those and the new study, ____ , demonstrate the power and reliability of the whole genome association method, which stands in contrast to the many uncorroborated claims of disease genes made previously.
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核心觀念
本題是克漏字,主要考:
- 連接詞與副詞子句: 可表示「隨著、當……時」。
- 句子結構與語意銜接:判斷空格前後需要主詞、動詞、介系詞片語或關係子句。
- 關係代名詞: 引導非限定關係子句,補充說明前面的名詞。
- 搭配與語意:如 表示「與疾病有關聯」。
本題五個空格恰好可依文意分別填入五個選項:
- 第一空:
- 第二空:
- 第三空:
- 第四空:
- 第五空:
官方公布答案為 E,所問重點是第一空。
解題方法
先觀察第一空所在句子:
researchers hope that ____ , new drugs and treatments will emerge.
翻譯為:
研究人員希望,隨著這些生物學途徑受到分析,新的藥物與治療方式將會出現。
後面需要一個完整的子句或副詞子句。選項 :
as the pathways are analyzed
其中:
- :隨著、當……時
- :這些途徑
- :被分析
這是一個完整的副詞子句,修飾後面的 ,表示「隨著途徑被分析,新的藥物和治療方式將出現」,語意自然、文法完整。
完整句為:
researchers hope that as the pathways are analyzed, new drugs and treatments will emerge.
因此本題答案為 。
逐空定位與翻譯
第一空:
The variations pinpoint biological pathways underlying each of the diseases, and researchers hope that as the pathways are analyzed, new drugs and treatments will emerge.
這些變異指出各種疾病所涉及的生物學途徑,研究人員希望,隨著這些途徑受到分析,新的藥物與治療方式將會出現。
第二空:
Unveiling the complex genetics of common diseases was the promised payoff of the $3 billion human genome project, completed in 2003, but progress was slow until the recent development of devices...
揭開常見疾病複雜遺傳機制的面紗,是耗資 $3 billion、於 2003 年完成的人類基因組計畫所預期帶來的成果;但是直到最近發展出某些設備以前,進展一直很緩慢。
第三空:
And with the devices , called chips, researchers can compare large numbers of patients with healthy individuals...
而有了這些被稱為晶片的設備,研究人員便能將大量患者與健康個體加以比較……
第四空:
looking for points of differences in their genomes that may be associated with disease.
尋找他們基因組中可能與疾病有關聯的差異位置。
第五空:
Those and the new study, which was financed by the Wellcome Trust of London, demonstrate the power...
那些研究以及這項由倫敦 Wellcome Trust 資助的新研究,都展現了……
選項分析
(A) with the devices
正確填入第三空。
可作介系詞片語,表示「有了……、使用……」。後面的 是過去分詞片語,補充說明 :
the devices, called chips
這些被稱為晶片的設備
句型完整:
第 17 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Applying a new genomic technique to a large group of patients, researchers in Britain have detected DNA variations that underlie seven common diseases, discovering unexpected links between them. The variations pinpoint biological pathways underlying each of the diseases, and researchers hope that 16, new drugs and treatments will emerge. The seven common diseases are bipolar disorder, coronary artery disease, Crohn’s disease, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, and Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
Unveiling the complex genetics of common diseases was the promised payoff of the $3 billion human genome project, completed in 2003, but 17 until the recent development of devices that in a single operation can read the DNA sequence at up to 500,000 points across an individual’s genome. And 18, called chips, researchers can compare large numbers of patients with healthy individuals, looking for points of differences in their genomes that 19.
The approach is known as whole genome association, and studies on Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and breast cancer have been reported within the last few weeks. Those and the new study, 20, demonstrate the power and reliability of the whole genome association method, which stands in contrast to the many uncorroborated claims of disease genes made previously.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題是題組型克漏字,主要考:
- 上下文語意判斷:依前後句推測研究進展。
- 連接詞與時間副詞片語:
but ... until ...表示「直到某時以前,情況不理想;某事件發生後才改善」。 - 句法結構與選項定位:五個選項分別對應第 16~20 格,必須依文法與語意判斷。
第 17 格所在句為:
Unveiling the complex genetics of common diseases was the promised payoff of the $3 billion human genome project, completed in 2003, but 17 until the recent development of devices that ...
翻譯:
揭開常見疾病複雜的遺傳學機制,是 2003 年完成、耗資 30 億美元的人類基因組計畫所承諾的成果;但是,直到最近發展出某些裝置以前,進展一直很緩慢。
解題方法
空格前有轉折連接詞 but,空格後接:
until the recent development of devices ...
until 在此引導時間副詞片語,表示「直到……以前」。因此空格需要填入一個完整的主句,說明在新裝置發展以前,研究狀況如何。
文章前文提到,人類基因組計畫雖已完成,但研究人員直到新裝置出現,才有能力一次讀取個人基因組中多達 500,000 個位置的 DNA 序列。由此可知,先前的研究進展應是「很緩慢」。
因此:
but progress was slow until ...
句法完整,語意也與後面的 until 完全銜接。
定位答案的關鍵句
... but progress was slow until the recent development of devices that in a single operation can read the DNA sequence at up to 500,000 points across an individual’s genome.
翻譯:
……但是,直到最近發展出能在一次操作中讀取個人基因組中多達 500,000 個位置 DNA 序列的裝置以前,研究進展一直很緩慢。
progress was slow 是主詞加連綴動詞加形容詞的完整句型:
progress:進展、進步was:是、處於某種狀態slow:緩慢的
選項分析
(A) with the devices
意思是「使用這些裝置」。
若填入原句:
but with the devices until the recent development of devices ...
會變成 with the devices 與後面的 the development of devices 重複,且 but 後沒有主要動詞,句子結構不完整。因此錯誤。
此選項適合第 18 格:
And with the devices called chips, researchers can compare ...
翻譯為:
而且,利用這些稱為晶片的裝置,研究人員可以比較……
(B) progress was slow
意思是「進展很緩慢」。
填入後:
but progress was slow until the recent development of devices ...
but 後具有完整主句,until 接續時間片語,表示「直到新裝置發展以前,進展一直很慢」,文法與語意均正確。
(B) 為正確答案。
(C) which was financed by the Wellcome Trust of London
意思是「這項計畫由倫敦 Wellcome Trust 資助」。
此選項是關係子句,不能獨立作為 but 後的主要句子。填入後會變成:
but which was financed by ...
第 18 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Applying a new genomic technique to a large group of patients, researchers in Britain have detected DNA variations that underlie seven common diseases, discovering unexpected links between them. The variations pinpoint biological pathways underlying each of the diseases, and researchers hope that 16, new drugs and treatments will emerge. The seven common diseases are bipolar disorder, coronary artery disease, Crohn’s disease, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, and Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
Unveiling the complex genetics of common diseases was the promised payoff of the $3 billion human genome project, completed in 2003, but 17 until the recent development of devices that in a single operation can read the DNA sequence at up to 500,000 points across an individual’s genome. And 18, called chips, researchers can compare large numbers of patients with healthy individuals, looking for points of differences in their genomes that 19.
The approach is known as whole genome association, and studies on Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and breast cancer have been reported within the last few weeks. Those and the new study, 20, demonstrate the power and reliability of the whole genome association method, which stands in contrast to the many uncorroborated claims of disease genes made previously.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題是題組型克漏字,主要考:
- 上下文語意判斷:依前後句推測研究進展。
- 連接詞與時間副詞片語:
but ... until ...表示「直到某時以前,情況不理想;某事件發生後才改善」。 - 句法結構與選項定位:五個選項分別對應第 16~20 格,必須依文法與語意判斷。
第 17 格所在句為:
Unveiling the complex genetics of common diseases was the promised payoff of the $3 billion human genome project, completed in 2003, but 17 until the recent development of devices that ...
翻譯:
揭開常見疾病複雜的遺傳學機制,是 2003 年完成、耗資 30 億美元的人類基因組計畫所承諾的成果;但是,直到最近發展出某些裝置以前,進展一直很緩慢。
解題方法
空格前有轉折連接詞 but,空格後接:
until the recent development of devices ...
until 在此引導時間副詞片語,表示「直到……以前」。因此空格需要填入一個完整的主句,說明在新裝置發展以前,研究狀況如何。
文章前文提到,人類基因組計畫雖已完成,但研究人員直到新裝置出現,才有能力一次讀取個人基因組中多達 500,000 個位置的 DNA 序列。由此可知,先前的研究進展應是「很緩慢」。
因此:
but progress was slow until ...
句法完整,語意也與後面的 until 完全銜接。
定位答案的關鍵句
... but progress was slow until the recent development of devices that in a single operation can read the DNA sequence at up to 500,000 points across an individual’s genome.
翻譯:
……但是,直到最近發展出能在一次操作中讀取個人基因組中多達 500,000 個位置 DNA 序列的裝置以前,研究進展一直很緩慢。
progress was slow 是主詞加連綴動詞加形容詞的完整句型:
progress:進展、進步was:是、處於某種狀態slow:緩慢的
選項分析
(A) with the devices
意思是「使用這些裝置」。
若填入原句:
but with the devices until the recent development of devices ...
會變成 with the devices 與後面的 the development of devices 重複,且 but 後沒有主要動詞,句子結構不完整。因此錯誤。
此選項適合第 18 格:
And with the devices called chips, researchers can compare ...
翻譯為:
而且,利用這些稱為晶片的裝置,研究人員可以比較……
(B) progress was slow
意思是「進展很緩慢」。
填入後:
but progress was slow until the recent development of devices ...
but 後具有完整主句,until 接續時間片語,表示「直到新裝置發展以前,進展一直很慢」,文法與語意均正確。
(B) 為正確答案。
(C) which was financed by the Wellcome Trust of London
意思是「這項計畫由倫敦 Wellcome Trust 資助」。
此選項是關係子句,不能獨立作為 but 後的主要句子。填入後會變成:
but which was financed by ...
第 19 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Applying a new genomic technique to a large group of patients, researchers in Britain have detected DNA variations that underlie seven common diseases, discovering unexpected links between them. The variations pinpoint biological pathways underlying each of the diseases, and researchers hope that 16, new drugs and treatments will emerge. The seven common diseases are bipolar disorder, coronary artery disease, Crohn’s disease, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, and Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
Unveiling the complex genetics of common diseases was the promised payoff of the $3 billion human genome project, completed in 2003, but 17 until the recent development of devices that in a single operation can read the DNA sequence at up to 500,000 points across an individual’s genome. And 18, called chips, researchers can compare large numbers of patients with healthy individuals, looking for points of differences in their genomes that 19.
The approach is known as whole genome association, and studies on Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and breast cancer have been reported within the last few weeks. Those and the new study, 20, demonstrate the power and reliability of the whole genome association method, which stands in contrast to the many uncorroborated claims of disease genes made previously.
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核心觀念
本題是題組型克漏字,主要考:
- 上下文語意判斷:依前後句推測研究進展。
- 連接詞與時間副詞片語:
but ... until ...表示「直到某時以前,情況不理想;某事件發生後才改善」。 - 句法結構與選項定位:五個選項分別對應第 16~20 格,必須依文法與語意判斷。
第 17 格所在句為:
Unveiling the complex genetics of common diseases was the promised payoff of the $3 billion human genome project, completed in 2003, but 17 until the recent development of devices that ...
翻譯:
揭開常見疾病複雜的遺傳學機制,是 2003 年完成、耗資 30 億美元的人類基因組計畫所承諾的成果;但是,直到最近發展出某些裝置以前,進展一直很緩慢。
解題方法
空格前有轉折連接詞 but,空格後接:
until the recent development of devices ...
until 在此引導時間副詞片語,表示「直到……以前」。因此空格需要填入一個完整的主句,說明在新裝置發展以前,研究狀況如何。
文章前文提到,人類基因組計畫雖已完成,但研究人員直到新裝置出現,才有能力一次讀取個人基因組中多達 500,000 個位置的 DNA 序列。由此可知,先前的研究進展應是「很緩慢」。
因此:
but progress was slow until ...
句法完整,語意也與後面的 until 完全銜接。
定位答案的關鍵句
... but progress was slow until the recent development of devices that in a single operation can read the DNA sequence at up to 500,000 points across an individual’s genome.
翻譯:
……但是,直到最近發展出能在一次操作中讀取個人基因組中多達 500,000 個位置 DNA 序列的裝置以前,研究進展一直很緩慢。
progress was slow 是主詞加連綴動詞加形容詞的完整句型:
progress:進展、進步was:是、處於某種狀態slow:緩慢的
選項分析
(A) with the devices
意思是「使用這些裝置」。
若填入原句:
but with the devices until the recent development of devices ...
會變成 with the devices 與後面的 the development of devices 重複,且 but 後沒有主要動詞,句子結構不完整。因此錯誤。
此選項適合第 18 格:
And with the devices called chips, researchers can compare ...
翻譯為:
而且,利用這些稱為晶片的裝置,研究人員可以比較……
(B) progress was slow
意思是「進展很緩慢」。
填入後:
but progress was slow until the recent development of devices ...
but 後具有完整主句,until 接續時間片語,表示「直到新裝置發展以前,進展一直很慢」,文法與語意均正確。
(B) 為正確答案。
(C) which was financed by the Wellcome Trust of London
意思是「這項計畫由倫敦 Wellcome Trust 資助」。
此選項是關係子句,不能獨立作為 but 後的主要句子。填入後會變成:
but which was financed by ...
第 20 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Applying a new genomic technique to a large group of patients, researchers in Britain have detected DNA variations that underlie seven common diseases, discovering unexpected links between them. The variations pinpoint biological pathways underlying each of the diseases, and researchers hope that 16, new drugs and treatments will emerge. The seven common diseases are bipolar disorder, coronary artery disease, Crohn’s disease, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, and Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
Unveiling the complex genetics of common diseases was the promised payoff of the $3 billion human genome project, completed in 2003, but 17 until the recent development of devices that in a single operation can read the DNA sequence at up to 500,000 points across an individual’s genome. And 18, called chips, researchers can compare large numbers of patients with healthy individuals, looking for points of differences in their genomes that 19.
The approach is known as whole genome association, and studies on Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and breast cancer have been reported within the last few weeks. Those and the new study, 20, demonstrate the power and reliability of the whole genome association method, which stands in contrast to the many uncorroborated claims of disease genes made previously.
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核心觀念
本題是題組型克漏字,主要考:
- 上下文語意判斷:依前後句推測研究進展。
- 連接詞與時間副詞片語:
but ... until ...表示「直到某時以前,情況不理想;某事件發生後才改善」。 - 句法結構與選項定位:五個選項分別對應第 16~20 格,必須依文法與語意判斷。
第 17 格所在句為:
Unveiling the complex genetics of common diseases was the promised payoff of the $3 billion human genome project, completed in 2003, but 17 until the recent development of devices that ...
翻譯:
揭開常見疾病複雜的遺傳學機制,是 2003 年完成、耗資 30 億美元的人類基因組計畫所承諾的成果;但是,直到最近發展出某些裝置以前,進展一直很緩慢。
解題方法
空格前有轉折連接詞 but,空格後接:
until the recent development of devices ...
until 在此引導時間副詞片語,表示「直到……以前」。因此空格需要填入一個完整的主句,說明在新裝置發展以前,研究狀況如何。
文章前文提到,人類基因組計畫雖已完成,但研究人員直到新裝置出現,才有能力一次讀取個人基因組中多達 500,000 個位置的 DNA 序列。由此可知,先前的研究進展應是「很緩慢」。
因此:
but progress was slow until ...
句法完整,語意也與後面的 until 完全銜接。
定位答案的關鍵句
... but progress was slow until the recent development of devices that in a single operation can read the DNA sequence at up to 500,000 points across an individual’s genome.
翻譯:
……但是,直到最近發展出能在一次操作中讀取個人基因組中多達 500,000 個位置 DNA 序列的裝置以前,研究進展一直很緩慢。
progress was slow 是主詞加連綴動詞加形容詞的完整句型:
progress:進展、進步was:是、處於某種狀態slow:緩慢的
選項分析
(A) with the devices
意思是「使用這些裝置」。
若填入原句:
but with the devices until the recent development of devices ...
會變成 with the devices 與後面的 the development of devices 重複,且 but 後沒有主要動詞,句子結構不完整。因此錯誤。
此選項適合第 18 格:
And with the devices called chips, researchers can compare ...
翻譯為:
而且,利用這些稱為晶片的裝置,研究人員可以比較……
(B) progress was slow
意思是「進展很緩慢」。
填入後:
but progress was slow until the recent development of devices ...
but 後具有完整主句,until 接續時間片語,表示「直到新裝置發展以前,進展一直很慢」,文法與語意均正確。
(B) 為正確答案。
(C) which was financed by the Wellcome Trust of London
意思是「這項計畫由倫敦 Wellcome Trust 資助」。
此選項是關係子句,不能獨立作為 but 後的主要句子。填入後會變成:
but which was financed by ...
第 21 題
【題組共用題幹】Aung San Suu Kyi declared that the Prize she won ____ under house arrest 21 years ago helped shatter her isolation. She received two standing ovations as she gave her long-delayed ____ speech. Often during house arrest, it felt ____ I were no longer part of the real world. Each world was a different planet ____ its own separate course. ____ the Nobel Peace Prize did was to draw her into the world of other human beings and draw attention to democracy and human rights in Burma.
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核心觀念
本題考「關係副詞/連接詞引導的時間副詞子句」,並結合介系詞片語與語意判斷。
題幹關鍵句為:
Aung San Suu Kyi declared that the Prize she won ____ under house arrest 21 years ago helped shatter her isolation.
句意是:
翁山蘇姬宣稱,她在 21 年前遭到軟禁期間所獲得的那座獎項,幫助她打破了與外界隔絕的狀態。
空格後面的 under house arrest 是介系詞片語,表示「在遭到軟禁的情況下」。空格需要填入表示「當……時、在……期間」的連接詞,形成:
the Prize she won while under house arrest
即「她在遭到軟禁期間所獲得的獎項」。
解題方法
先觀察句子的主要結構:
- 主詞:the Prize
- 關係子句:she won ____ under house arrest 21 years ago
- 動詞:helped
- 受詞:shatter her isolation
其中 she won while under house arrest 是修飾 the Prize 的關係子句。
while 可引導時間副詞子句;當主詞與主要子句相同,且 be 動詞可省略時,可簡化為:
while she was under house arrest
→ while under house arrest
因此完整句子為:
The prize she won while under house arrest 21 years ago helped shatter her isolation.
選項分析
(A) to
to 通常表示方向、不定詞或目的,例如 go to school、to help others。
填入後成為:
the Prize she won to under house arrest
to 後面不能直接接 under house arrest 形成合理結構,文法與語意皆不成立。
(B) where
where 是關係副詞,主要表示「在……地方」,修飾地點,例如:
the house where she lived
本句的 under house arrest 表示的是「遭到軟禁的狀態/期間」,不是地點名詞,因此不使用 where。填入後:
she won where under house arrest
結構也不完整。
(C) from
from 表示「從……」、「來自……」或起點,例如:
第 22 題
承上題,Aung San Suu Kyi 接受諾貝爾和平獎演說短文。空格 22:her long-delayed ____ speech.
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核心觀念
本題考「語意判斷」與「固定搭配」。句型為:
her long-delayed ____ speech
她那場延宕已久的 ____ 演說
題幹背景是 Aung San Suu Kyi(翁山蘇姬)接受諾貝爾和平獎的演說。能與「接受獎項」搭配的固定說法是 acceptance speech,意為「得獎感言、受獎演說」。
關鍵單字與片語
- long-delayed:延宕已久的、遲來的
- accept:接受
- acceptance:接受;在頒獎場合中特指「受獎、得獎」
- acceptance speech:受獎演說、得獎感言
- inaugural speech:就職演說、開幕演說
- apology:道歉、致歉
- coronation:加冕典禮
- farewell:告別、告別演說
- Nobel Peace Prize:諾貝爾和平獎
定位答案的原文與翻譯
題幹關鍵語意為:
Aung San Suu Kyi accepted the Nobel Peace Prize in her long-delayed acceptance speech.
可譯為:
翁山蘇姬在她那場遲來已久的受獎演說中,接受了諾貝爾和平獎。
「接受諾貝爾和平獎」直接提示空格應填 acceptance,形成固定搭配 acceptance speech。
解題方法
先判斷空格後面的名詞 speech 需要哪一種演說。再依據文章背景「接受諾貝爾和平獎」選擇最符合頒獎情境的名詞。
其中 acceptance 是名詞 accept 的名詞形式,放在 speech 前面構成複合名詞:
第 23 題
承上題,Aung San Suu Kyi 居家軟禁與諾貝爾和平獎演說短文。空格 23:it felt ____ I were no longer a part of the real world.
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核心觀念
本題考「感覺、印象」後接假設語氣的句型:
It felt as though + 主詞 + 過去式/過去完成式
其中 as though 等同於 as if,表示「彷彿……、好像……」。句中的 were 是假設語氣,表示說話者描述的是主觀感受,而非確認的客觀事實。
題幹句子為:
It felt as though I were no longer a part of the real world.
感覺就像我已經不再是這個真實世界的一部分。
語意上,Aung San Suu Kyi 長期遭受居家軟禁,因而產生與外界隔絕、彷彿脫離現實世界的感受,因此需要填入表示「彷彿」的連接詞。
解題方法
句子的主要結構是:
It felt ____ I were ...
空格後面接的是完整子句 I were no longer a part of the real world,因此空格需要填入能引導「彷彿情境」的連接詞。
最自然、標準的搭配是:
feel/felt as though + 子句
feel/felt as if + 子句
代入後:
It felt as though I were no longer a part of the real world.
此處 were 不受主詞 I 的一般時態變化影響,而是正式英文中的假設語氣。若表達與現在事實相反或不確定的假設,常用 were:
I were no longer a part of the real world
彷彿我不再屬於真實世界
選項分析
(A) as though:正確
as though 表示「彷彿、好像」,可接完整子句,符合句型:
It felt as though I were ...
整句意思為「感覺彷彿我已不再是這個真實世界的一部分」,文法與語意皆正確。
(B) if then:錯誤
if then 不是本句所需的固定搭配。if 可引導條件句,then 可表示「那麼、當時」,但兩者連用不能表達「彷彿……」。
例如:
第 24 題
承上題,Aung San Suu Kyi 居家軟禁與諾貝爾和平獎演說短文。空格 24:Each one was a different planet ____ its own separate course...
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核心觀念:分詞片語修飾名詞
本題考查現在分詞片語的用法。句中:
Each one was a different planet pursuing its own separate course.
每一個都是一個沿著自己獨立道路前進的不同星球。
pursuing its own separate course 是現在分詞片語,修飾前面的名詞 a different planet,相當於:
Each one was a different planet that pursued its own separate course.
其中 pursuing 與 planet 具有主動關係:星球「追尋、沿著」自己的道路前進。
解題方法
先判斷空格後的結構:
its own separate course是pursuing的受詞。- 空格所在位置緊接在名詞
planet後面。 - 句子主要動詞已經是
was,因此空格不需要再填一個限定動詞。 - 需要的是修飾
planet的分詞片語。
句型可整理為:
主詞 + be 動詞 + 名詞 + 現在分詞片語
因此:
Each one was a different planet pursuing its own separate course.
pursuing 表示「正在追尋、沿著」,與前面的 was 所描述的過去情境同時發生;現在分詞本身不代表整句時態,句子的時態仍由 was 決定。
選項分析
(A) pursue
pursue 是原形動詞。若直接放在 planet 後面,會形成:
a different planet pursue its own separate course
此處缺少關係代名詞、連接詞或適當的動詞形式,文法結構不完整,因此錯誤。
(B) pursues
pursues 是第三人稱單數現在式。若寫成:
a different planet pursues its own separate course
這本身可以成為完整子句,但前面已有主要動詞 was,兩個動詞之間沒有 that 等連接詞,會造成動詞結構衝突。若要使用 pursues,必須改寫成:
第 25 題
承上題,Aung San Suu Kyi 居家軟禁與諾貝爾和平獎演說短文。空格 25:____ the Nobel Peace Prize did was to draw me once again into the world...
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核心觀念
本題考的是名詞子句中的 what + S + V 結構,以及「主語從句 + be + 補語」的句型。
原句:
What the Nobel Peace Prize did was to draw me once again into the world.
諾貝爾和平獎所做的事,是再次把我帶回世人所處的世界。
句型可分析為:
- What the Nobel Peace Prize did:名詞子句,作全句主詞
- was:連綴動詞
- to draw me once again into the world:主詞補語,說明該獎項所造成的結果
其中,what 相當於「the thing that」,意思是「……所做的事/……的事情」。
解題方法
先觀察空格後面的結構:
____ the Nobel Peace Prize did was to draw me...
空格後的 the Nobel Peace Prize did 缺少動詞 did 的受詞。此時需要一個兼具「連接詞」與「受詞」功能的字,才能形成完整的名詞子句。
What the Nobel Peace Prize did 的意思是:
the thing that the Nobel Peace Prize did
諾貝爾和平獎所做的事情
整句結構為:
What + 主詞 + 動詞 + be + 補語
因此填入 What 最合適。
注意 did was 並非重複錯誤:
- did 是名詞子句中的主要動詞,表示「做了什麼」
- was 是主句的連綴動詞,連接主詞與補語
選項分析
(A) As
as 可表示「如同」「因為」「當……時」等意思,但不能在此處引導「……所做的事」這種名詞子句。
As the Nobel Peace Prize did was...
此結構無法形成合乎語意與文法的主詞,故錯誤。
(B) For
for 可作介系詞,表示「為了」「對於」,也可作連接詞表示「因為」。但在此處無法代替 the thing that,也不能作 did 的受詞。
For the Nobel Peace Prize did was...
句首缺乏適當的名詞子句結構,故錯誤。
第 26 題
【題組共用題幹】A study published online April 12 in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health found that high vitamin D levels do not seem to improve teens’ school grades. Earlier research suggested a link between vitamin D and adult brain power. . Researchers measured vitamin D in more than 3,000 nine-year-old children. ____ Their English, math and science grades were evaluated at ages 13–14 and again at 15–16. No evidence showed improved academic performance. Possible explanations: “ Or the benefits may result from a cumulative lifelong effect.” Public-health advice recommends extensive sun protection. ____ Earlier studies linked vitamin D and brain power, raising a skin-health-versus-brain-power dilemma. ____. Protection from UVB exposure is unlikely to harm academic achievement.
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核心觀念
本題考「克漏字的篇章銜接」與「代名詞、指示語及邏輯關係」。解題時要觀察空格前後句子的:
- 時間順序;
- 研究目的與研究結果的關係;
- 代名詞或指示語所指涉的內容;
- 各選項適合放置的位置。
空格前文提到:
Earlier research suggested a link between vitamin D and adult brain power.
早期研究指出,維生素 D 與成人腦力之間可能存在關聯。
下一句接著說:
Researchers measured vitamin D in more than 3,000 nine-year-old children.
研究人員測量了三千多名九歲兒童體內的維生素 D 含量。
因此,中間需要一句說明「本研究根據先前研究,進一步想確認青少年是否也有相同情形」,以銜接研究背景與研究方法。
解題方法
先判斷空格所在位置的功能:
- 前句:說明過去研究的發現;
- 後句:開始說明本研究如何進行;
- 空格:應該交代本研究的研究目的。
選項 (C):
This study, therefore, wanted to determine if the same might be true in teens.
因此,本研究想要確認青少年是否也可能有相同的情形。
其中:
- This study 指前文提到的研究;
- therefore 表示「因此」,承接 earlier research 的發現;
- determine if... 表示「確認是否……」;
- the same 指「維生素 D 與腦力有關」這件事;
- in teens 指「在青少年身上」。
整體邏輯為:
所以第一個空格應填 (C)。
逐句定位
關鍵定位句為:
Earlier research suggested a link between vitamin D and adult brain power.
早期研究指出,維生素 D 與成人腦力之間可能存在關聯。
緊接著:
This study, therefore, wanted to determine if the same might be true in teens.
因此,本研究想確認同樣的情況是否也適用於青少年。
下一句:
Researchers measured vitamin D in more than 3,000 nine-year-old children.
研究人員測量了三千多名九歲兒童體內的維生素 D 含量。
這形成完整的「研究背景 → 研究目的 → 研究方法」結構。
選項分析
(A) The conclusion of the Bristol study may help solve the problem.
布里斯托研究的結論或許有助於解決這個問題。
此句中的 the Bristol study 與 the problem 都缺乏明確先行詞。文章此處尚未說明什麼問題,也尚未提到 Bristol study;後文才提到「皮膚健康與腦力之間的兩難」。因此,本句不適合放在研究背景與研究方法之間。
(B) It could be that vitamin D has more of an impact on the aging brain.
維生素 D 或許對老年人的腦部影響較大。
此句是在提出「為何青少年學業表現沒有改善」的可能解釋,適合接在:
Possible explanations:
之後,而不是放在研究目的的位置。文法上雖然正確,但篇章功能不符。
其中:
- It could be that...:可能是……;
- have an impact on...:對……產生影響;
- the aging brain:老化中的腦部、老年人的腦部。
第 27 題
承上題,Bristol vitamin D 研究短文。空格 27:British researchers measured vitamin D levels in slightly more than 3,000 children when they were nine years old. ____ The investigators found no evidence...
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題是克漏字,主要考:
- 篇章銜接與語意連貫:判斷空格前後句子的邏輯關係。
- 研究流程與時間順序:先測量兒童九歲時的維生素 D 濃度,再於日後評估學業表現。
- 代名詞與指涉關係:確認
The children、This study、The investigators等詞是否能自然承接前文。 - 研究結果的敘述方式:方法之後通常接續研究對象的後續評估,最後才呈現研究發現。
關鍵定位句為:
British researchers measured vitamin D levels in slightly more than 3,000 children when they were nine years old.
英國研究人員在三千多名兒童九歲時,測量他們的維生素 D 濃度。
空格後接:
The investigators found no evidence...
研究人員沒有發現任何證據……
因此,空格應填入描述「之後如何追蹤、評估這些兒童」的句子。
解題方法
先觀察空格前的研究方法:
measured vitamin D levels:測量維生素 D 濃度when they were nine years old:當他們九歲時
再觀察空格後的研究結果:
The investigators found no evidence...:研究人員沒有發現證據……
完整研究流程應為:
- 兒童九歲時測量維生素 D 濃度。
- 兒童十三至十四歲、十五至十六歲時評估學業成績。
- 研究人員分析維生素 D 濃度與學業表現之間的關聯。
- 得出「沒有發現……」的研究結果。
只有選項 E 能完整補上第二步,並且在時間、研究對象與研究目的上都能自然承接前後文。
正確選項分析
(E) The children’s grades in English, math and science were evaluated when they were 13-14 and again when they were 15-16.
翻譯:
這些兒童在十三至十四歲時接受英文、數學與科學成績評估,十五至十六歲時又再評估一次。
本句正確的原因如下:
The children明確承接前句的more than 3,000 children。were evaluated是被動語態,表示「成績被評估」,符合研究報告的正式文體。when they were 13-14與when they were 15-16交代後續追蹤時間。and again表示「之後再次」,清楚呈現兩次評估。English, math and science與grades搭配自然,說明評估的學業項目。- 空格後的
The investigators found no evidence...能自然接續研究結果。
完整語意為:研究人員先在兒童九歲時測量維生素 D,之後在兩個年齡階段評估學業成績,最後分析兩者是否有關聯。篇章結構完整,因此選 E。
其餘選項分析
(A) The conclusion of the Bristol study may help solve the problem.
翻譯:
布里斯托研究的結論或許有助於解決這個問題。
錯誤原因:
The conclusion指的是研究結論,但空格後才要接研究人員的研究發現;在研究方法尚未交代完整前,直接談結論,篇章順序不自然。the problem沒有明確指涉,語意過於籠統。may help solve表示推測性的實際效益,與後文呈現研究結果的敘述功能不一致。- 沒有交代兒童後續接受何種評估,無法銜接前句的測量方法。
(B) It could be that vitamin D has more of an impact on the aging brain.
翻譯:
維生素 D 或許對老化中的大腦有更大的影響。
錯誤原因:
第 28 題
承上題,Bristol vitamin D 研究短文。空格 28:The authors provided two possible reasons: “____ Or the benefits of the vitamin are the result of a cumulative lifelong effect.”
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「克漏字的篇章銜接與語意邏輯」,重點包括:
- 判斷空格在文章中的功能。
- 掌握連接詞 Or 所表示的「另一種解釋」。
- 判斷前後兩個子句是否在語意上平行。
- 依代名詞與關鍵字推回文章主旨。
題幹句子為:
The authors provided two possible reasons: “____ Or the benefits of the vitamin are the result of a cumulative lifelong effect.”
翻譯:
作者提出兩個可能的理由:「____。或者,這種維生素的益處是長期累積一生所造成的結果。」
冒號後面列出兩個理由。第一個理由必須能與第二個理由並列,且內容應與「維生素 D 對大腦及認知能力的影響」有關。
解題方法
先觀察第二個理由:
the benefits of the vitamin are the result of a cumulative lifelong effect
其中:
- benefits:益處、好處
- vitamin:維生素
- result of:……的結果
- cumulative:累積的
- lifelong effect:一生長期的影響
此句主張:維生素 D 的好處不是短期補充後立即產生,而是長期累積所造成。
前面第一個理由應與此相對,形成兩種解釋:
- 維生素 D 對年長者的大腦影響較大;
- 維生素 D 的益處來自一生累積的效果。
選項 (B):
It could be that vitamin D has more of an impact on the aging brain.
翻譯:
也許維生素 D 對老化中的大腦具有更大的影響。
此句在文法上完整,在語意上也能作為研究結果的另一種解釋,並且與後面的 Or 完整銜接,因此選 B。
完整句意為:
作者提出兩個可能的理由:「也許維生素 D 對老化中的大腦具有更大的影響。或者,這種維生素的益處是長期累積一生所造成的結果。」
選項分析
(A) The conclusion of the Bristol study may help solve the problem.
翻譯:
Bristol 研究的結論或許有助於解決這個問題。
- conclusion:結論
- study:研究
- help solve the problem:有助於解決問題
本句是在說研究結論的用途,並不是解釋研究結果的原因。冒號後文說的是作者提出的兩種理由,而非研究結論如何解決問題;與後面的 Or 也無法形成平行的理由關係,因此錯誤。
(B) It could be that vitamin D has more of an impact on the aging brain.
翻譯:
也許維生素 D 對老化中的大腦具有更大的影響。
- It could be that...:也許是……
- have an impact on...:對……產生影響
- more of an impact:較大的影響
- aging brain:老化中的大腦
本句提出維生素 D 研究結果的一種合理解釋,且與後面的「維生素 D 效益來自終身累積」並列為兩個理由。文法與篇章邏輯均正確,故為答案。
(C) This study, therefore, wanted to determine if the same might be true in teens.
翻譯:
因此,本研究想要確認青少年是否也有相同情形。
第 29 題
承上題,Bristol vitamin D 研究與日曬防護短文。空格 29:There have long been public-health recommendations for extensive sun protection. ____ Those studies maintained that sun exposure produces vitamin D, which boosts brain power.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查克漏字中的:
- 上下文邏輯與段落銜接
- 代名詞指涉
- 因果關係
- 句子與前後文的語意連貫性
題目前句指出:
There have long been public-health recommendations for extensive sun protection.
長久以來,公共衛生一直建議人們採取廣泛的防曬措施。
空格後句為:
Those studies maintained that sun exposure produces vitamin D, which boosts brain power.
那些研究主張,曝曬陽光會產生維生素 D,而維生素 D 能提升腦力。
因此,空格中的句子必須能承接「防曬建議」,並引出「過去研究發現維生素 D 與腦力有關」這項內容。
解題方法
先掌握句子之間的邏輯:
- 社會長期提倡廣泛防曬。
- 過去研究發現,維生素 D 濃度與腦力有關。
- 這些研究因此促使人們要求修改原本的防曬建議。
- 這些研究主張日曬可產生維生素 D,而維生素 D 有助於提升腦力。
選項 D 正好提供第 2、3 步,並且空格後的 Those studies 可直接回指 D 選項中的 Previous findings。
完整銜接如下:
There have long been public-health recommendations for extensive sun protection. Previous findings of a link between vitamin D levels and brain power have led to calls for changes to such advice. Those studies maintained that sun exposure produces vitamin D, which boosts brain power.
翻譯:
長久以來,公共衛生一直建議人們採取廣泛的防曬措施。過去有關維生素 D 濃度與腦力之間關聯的研究結果,已促使人們要求改變這類建議。那些研究主張,曝曬陽光會產生維生素 D,而維生素 D 能提升腦力。
前句的 such advice 指的是前面的 recommendations for extensive sun protection;後句的 Those studies 則承接 D 選項的 Previous findings,形成完整的語意鏈。
文法與語意重點
- There have long been ...
表示「長久以來一直有……」。
- there have been:現在完成式的存在句型
- long:很久、長久
- public-health recommendations:公共衛生建議
- extensive sun protection:廣泛、全面的防曬措施
- a link between A and B
表示「A 與 B 之間的關聯」。
a link between vitamin D levels and brain power
維生素 D 濃度與腦力之間的關聯
- lead to ...
表示「導致……;促使……」。
findings have led to calls for changes
研究結果促使人們要求改變
calls for changes 是名詞片語,意為「要求改變」。
- such advice
- such:這樣的、上述這類的
- advice:建議,不可數名詞
此處 such advice 不是泛指任何建議,而是特指前句提到的防曬建議。
- Those studies
those 是指示形容詞,指前文已提到的那些研究。D 選項中的 Previous findings 雖然字面上是「過去的研究發現」,在文章脈絡中可代表支持該發現的研究,能自然銜接後面的 Those studies。
選項分析
(A) The conclusion of the Bristol study may help solve the problem.
意思是:
Bristol 研究的結論或許能幫助解決這個問題。
錯誤原因:
第 30 題
承上題,Bristol vitamin D 研究與日曬防護短文。空格 30:This has placed people in a dilemma—skin health or brain power. ____ “It is clear that protection of children from UVB exposure is unlikely to have any detrimental effect on their academic achievement.”
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查克漏字中的:
- 上下文邏輯與段落銜接
- 研究文章的寫作順序
- 代名詞與指涉關係
- 結論句與直接引文的搭配
題幹指出,先前研究使人們陷入「皮膚健康」與「腦力」之間的兩難:
This has placed people in a dilemma—skin health or brain power.
這使人們陷入兩難:究竟要保護皮膚健康,還是維持腦力?
空格後接:
“It is clear that protection of children from UVB exposure is unlikely to have any detrimental effect on their academic achievement.”
「很明顯地,保護兒童免於 UVB 暴露,不太可能對他們的學業成就造成任何不利影響。」
這句話是在說明研究結論:防曬不會損害兒童的學業表現,因此正好回應前面的兩難。
解題方法
先判斷空格後引文的功能。引文使用:
It is clear that...:明確表示結論is unlikely to have any detrimental effect:表示「不太可能造成不利影響」academic achievement:學業成就
因此,空格應填入能夠「引出研究結論」、並且能解決前述兩難的句子。
(A) 的主詞是:
The conclusion of the Bristol study
布里斯托研究的結論
動詞片語是:
may help solve the problem
可能有助於解決這個問題
其中 the problem 正好指前一句的 dilemma;接下來的引文則具體說明這項結論為何能解決兩難:兒童接受 UVB 防護,不會損害學業成績。
完整銜接為:
This has placed people in a dilemma—skin health or brain power. The conclusion of the Bristol study may help solve the problem. “It is clear that protection of children from UVB exposure is unlikely to have any detrimental effect on their academic achievement.”
語意順序是:
- 研究造成兩難。
- 布里斯托研究的結論有助於解決兩難。
- 引用結論,說明防曬不會傷害學業表現。
選項分析
(A) The conclusion of the Bristol study may help solve the problem.
正確。
conclusion對應後面的結論引文。the problem對應前文的 dilemma。may help solve表示「有助於解決」,語氣符合學術文章的謹慎表達。- 後面的引文正是對這項結論的具體說明。
solve the problem 中的 problem 並非單指皮膚問題,而是指「皮膚健康與腦力之間的兩難」。
(B) It could be that vitamin D has more of an impact on the aging brain.
錯誤。
此句意思是:
維生素 D 對老化中的大腦可能有更大的影響。
主要問題有兩點:
- 前文討論的是兒童、青少年與學業成績,
the aging brain將話題轉向老化大腦,與上下文不符。 - 後文談的是兒童接受 UVB 防護與學業成就,並非老化大腦,因此無法自然引出後面的研究結論。
It could be that... 雖然文法正確,但語意焦點錯誤。
第 31 題
V. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question according to what is stated or implied in each passage.
Questions 31–35
【題組共用題幹】
Adoption is mentioned in ancient legends, myths, and stories. The Bible, for example, describes the adoption of Moses by Pharaoh’s daughter. The Roman general Julius Caesar adopted his grand-nephew Octavius.
Formerly the purpose of adoption was to enhance the family unit by providing a childless family with an heir to inherit property or continue a family name. It was not until 1851, in Massachusetts, that the first adoption law to protect children was passed. Since then people have become more concerned about the child’s welfare in adoption.
Gradually ideas about adoption have changed. Adoption is now considered a way to find families for children. Communities and social agencies are trying to give more children the benefits of adoption. One reason is the belief that every child has a right to a caring and supportive family.
Social agencies are using new methods to find families to care for an older child, a sibling group, or a child with handicaps. Legislation has been passed to help families who choose to adopt children with special needs. The adoptive parents of such children are given allowances to help meet the costs of including the child in their families.
People who are members of minority groups are being encouraged to adopt children, and in some states the law allows single persons to adopt children. Various organizations are engaged in research to find out how to make adoption as satisfactory as possible for children and their biological and adoptive families.
Recently, there has been a trend toward the re-establishment of a relationship, later in life, between adoptees and their birth parents. A few states have passed “open records” legislation that allows the examination of certain adoption records that makes it easier for adult adoptees and their birth parents to conduct a search for each other. Some states have adoption registries that take information from, and provide information to, any person engaged in such a search.
What is the best title for this passage?
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核心觀念
本題考「閱讀理解中的主旨與最佳標題判斷」。
判斷文章標題時,必須掌握全文的共同主軸,而不是只根據其中一段或一個細節作答。本文依時間與制度發展,說明收養觀念及實務的變化,包括:
- 早期收養主要為了延續家族、安排財產繼承。
- 近代收養逐漸以兒童福祉為核心。
- 社會機構協助特殊需求兒童尋找家庭。
- 少數族群及單身人士被鼓勵或允許收養。
- 成年被收養者與生父母重新建立聯繫。
全文是在介紹「收養制度與觀念的發展趨勢」,因此最佳標題為 Trends in Adoptions。
解題方法
標題題應先觀察文章是否具有以下特徵:
- 是否跨越不同時期?
- 是否涵蓋多個相關面向?
- 是否有明顯的發展、改變或趨勢字眼?
- 選項是否能概括全文,而非只對應單一段落?
本文第一段提到古代收養事例,第二段說明早期收養目的,接著逐步介紹現代收養理念、社會政策、收養對象與親子關係的改變。文章內容並非只在解釋「如何收養」,也不是只討論「為什麼兒童需要收養」,而是完整呈現收養制度與觀念的演變。
最能統整全文的定位句是:
“Gradually ideas about adoption have changed.”
翻譯為:「人們對收養的觀念逐漸產生了改變。」
此外,最後一段以:
“Recently, there has been a trend toward the re-establishment of a relationship, later in life, between adoptees and their birth parents.”
翻譯為:「近來有一種趨勢,即被收養者在成年後重新與其生父母建立關係。」
這兩句都直接指出本文核心是 adoption 的「變化」與「趨勢」。
選項分析
(A) Trends in Adoptions
正確。
trends 是「趨勢、發展方向」;adoptions 是「收養事例、收養制度」。
本文從古代、早期收養目的談到現代收養政策與家庭觀念的變遷,並涵蓋特殊需求兒童、少數族群、單身收養者,以及生父母與被收養者重新聯繫等發展。此選項能概括全文,且與文中 “ideas about adoption have changed” 及 “there has been a trend” 相互呼應。
(B) Adoptive Parents or Biological Parents?
錯誤。
adoptive parents 是「養父母」;biological parents 是「生父母」。此標題採取二選一的比較形式,似乎要討論「養父母與生父母哪一方較重要」或兩者之間的衝突。
文章雖在最後一段提到 birth parents,但只是說明成年被收養者與生父母重新建立關係的趨勢,並未比較養父母與生父母,也沒有討論兩者孰優孰劣。因此範圍過窄,且焦點不符。
(C) Adoption Services in the States
錯誤。
adoption services 是「收養服務」;in the states 表示「在各州」。文章確實提到:
- 社會機構協助尋找收養家庭;
- 某些州通過相關法律;
- 某些州設有收養登記制度。
然而,這些只是全文中的部分內容。文章還討論古代收養目的、收養觀念的轉變、特殊需求兒童,以及生父母與被收養者的關係。此選項只聚焦於美國各州的服務,無法涵蓋全文。
(D) How to Adopt Children Legally
錯誤。
how to adopt children legally 是「如何合法收養兒童」,屬於程序或法律操作型標題。
本文沒有說明申請收養的步驟、資格、文件、審查程序或法律流程。文中提到 legislation,只是用來說明法律如何協助特殊需求兒童的收養,以及某些州如何開放收養紀錄,並非教導讀者如何依法完成收養。因此此選項過度限縮文章內容。
(E) Why Do Children Need Adoption?
錯誤。
此選項的意思是「兒童為什麼需要被收養」。文章確實提到:
“One reason is the belief that every child has a right to a caring and supportive family.”
翻譯為:「其中一個原因是,人們相信每個孩子都有權利擁有一個關愛且能提供支持的家庭。」
但這只是第三段中的一項理念,不能代表全文。全文主要說明收養觀念及制度的歷史變化,而非專門分析兒童需要收養的原因。因此此選項只抓到局部訊息。
關鍵單字與片語
第 32 題
V. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question according to what is stated or implied in each passage.
Questions 31–35
【題組共用題幹】
Adoption is mentioned in ancient legends, myths, and stories. The Bible, for example, describes the adoption of Moses by Pharaoh’s daughter. The Roman general Julius Caesar adopted his grand-nephew Octavius.
Formerly the purpose of adoption was to enhance the family unit by providing a childless family with an heir to inherit property or continue a family name. It was not until 1851, in Massachusetts, that the first adoption law to protect children was passed. Since then people have become more concerned about the child’s welfare in adoption.
Gradually ideas about adoption have changed. Adoption is now considered a way to find families for children. Communities and social agencies are trying to give more children the benefits of adoption. One reason is the belief that every child has a right to a caring and supportive family.
Social agencies are using new methods to find families to care for an older child, a sibling group, or a child with handicaps. Legislation has been passed to help families who choose to adopt children with special needs. The adoptive parents of such children are given allowances to help meet the costs of including the child in their families.
People who are members of minority groups are being encouraged to adopt children, and in some states the law allows single persons to adopt children. Various organizations are engaged in research to find out how to make adoption as satisfactory as possible for children and their biological and adoptive families.
Recently, there has been a trend toward the re-establishment of a relationship, later in life, between adoptees and their birth parents. A few states have passed “open records” legislation that allows the examination of certain adoption records that makes it easier for adult adoptees and their birth parents to conduct a search for each other. Some states have adoption registries that take information from, and provide information to, any person engaged in such a search.
Which of the following legalized the concern for adoptees over adoptive families?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「時間順序+主旨定位」。文章說明收養制度的觀念演變:
- 早期收養:重點在無子女家庭,目的包括取得繼承人、延續家族姓氏。
- 1851 年後:法律開始保護被收養兒童,收養制度逐漸以兒童福祉為核心。
- 近代發展:進一步協助特殊需求兒童、鼓勵少數族群及單身者收養,並促進被收養者與生父母重新建立關係。
題目問的是:哪一項使「對被收養者的關切」在法律上取代「對收養家庭的關切」?
關鍵單字與片語
- adoption:收養
- adopt:收養
- adoptee:被收養者
- adoptive family:收養家庭
- birth parent/biological parent:生父母/親生父母
- heir:繼承人
- inherit property:繼承財產
- welfare:福祉、福利
- legislation:立法、法律
- adoptive parents:養父母
- special needs:特殊需求
- handicap:身心障礙
- open records:開放收養紀錄
- re-establishment of a relationship:重新建立關係
解題方法
先找出文章中直接比較「早期收養目的」與「後來兒童福祉受到重視」的句子。定位後,再檢查選項是否符合「法律正式確立保護兒童」這個條件。
文章的核心定位句是:
It was not until 1851, in Massachusetts, that the first adoption law to protect children was passed.
直到 1851 年,麻薩諸塞州才通過第一部保護兒童的收養法。
下一句進一步說明法律通過後的觀念變化:
Since then people have become more concerned about the child’s welfare in adoption.
從那時起,人們在收養問題上更加關心兒童的福祉。
因此,1851 年的麻薩諸塞州法律,是題目所問「以法律確立對被收養兒童的關切」的直接依據。
文法與語意重點
句型 It was not until A that B 表示「直到 A,B 才發生」。
本句中:
- A:1851 年麻薩諸塞州
- B:第一部保護兒童的收養法通過
第 33 題
V. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question according to what is stated or implied in each passage.
Questions 31–35
【題組共用題幹】
Adoption is mentioned in ancient legends, myths, and stories. The Bible, for example, describes the adoption of Moses by Pharaoh’s daughter. The Roman general Julius Caesar adopted his grand-nephew Octavius.
Formerly the purpose of adoption was to enhance the family unit by providing a childless family with an heir to inherit property or continue a family name. It was not until 1851, in Massachusetts, that the first adoption law to protect children was passed. Since then people have become more concerned about the child’s welfare in adoption.
Gradually ideas about adoption have changed. Adoption is now considered a way to find families for children. Communities and social agencies are trying to give more children the benefits of adoption. One reason is the belief that every child has a right to a caring and supportive family.
Social agencies are using new methods to find families to care for an older child, a sibling group, or a child with handicaps. Legislation has been passed to help families who choose to adopt children with special needs. The adoptive parents of such children are given allowances to help meet the costs of including the child in their families.
People who are members of minority groups are being encouraged to adopt children, and in some states the law allows single persons to adopt children. Various organizations are engaged in research to find out how to make adoption as satisfactory as possible for children and their biological and adoptive families.
Recently, there has been a trend toward the re-establishment of a relationship, later in life, between adoptees and their birth parents. A few states have passed “open records” legislation that allows the examination of certain adoption records that makes it easier for adult adoptees and their birth parents to conduct a search for each other. Some states have adoption registries that take information from, and provide information to, any person engaged in such a search.
What is mentioned as a governmental support for adopting children with special needs?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「同義轉換」與細節定位。題目詢問:政府對於收養有特殊需求兒童的家庭,提供哪一種支持?
文章指出,特殊需求兒童包括年齡較大的兒童、手足團體及身心障礙兒童;政府並透過立法,給予收養這類兒童的家庭經濟上的補助。因此答案是 subsidy(補助金、津貼)。
解題方法
先鎖定題目關鍵字:
- governmental support:政府支持
- adopting children with special needs:收養有特殊需求的兒童
回到第四段尋找與「政府支持」及「特殊需求兒童」同時相關的句子:
Legislation has been passed to help families who choose to adopt children with special needs. The adoptive parents of such children are given allowances to help meet the costs of including the child in their families.
翻譯:
政府已通過立法,協助選擇收養特殊需求兒童的家庭。這些兒童的養父母會獲得津貼,以協助支付將孩子納入家庭所產生的費用。
其中 allowances 指「津貼、補助金」,與選項 subsidy 意義最接近,所以選擇 (C)。
選項分析
(A) Housing(住房)
文章沒有提到政府提供房屋、住宅補助或居住安排。文章只說養父母獲得津貼,用以支付收養特殊需求兒童所增加的家庭支出,因此不是 housing。
(B) Insurance(保險)
文章未提到醫療保險、社會保險或其他保險制度。allowances 是直接提供的津貼,不等於 insurance。
(C) Subsidy(補助、津貼)
第 34 題
V. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question according to what is stated or implied in each passage.
Questions 31–35
【題組共用題幹】
Adoption is mentioned in ancient legends, myths, and stories. The Bible, for example, describes the adoption of Moses by Pharaoh’s daughter. The Roman general Julius Caesar adopted his grand-nephew Octavius.
Formerly the purpose of adoption was to enhance the family unit by providing a childless family with an heir to inherit property or continue a family name. It was not until 1851, in Massachusetts, that the first adoption law to protect children was passed. Since then people have become more concerned about the child’s welfare in adoption.
Gradually ideas about adoption have changed. Adoption is now considered a way to find families for children. Communities and social agencies are trying to give more children the benefits of adoption. One reason is the belief that every child has a right to a caring and supportive family.
Social agencies are using new methods to find families to care for an older child, a sibling group, or a child with handicaps. Legislation has been passed to help families who choose to adopt children with special needs. The adoptive parents of such children are given allowances to help meet the costs of including the child in their families.
People who are members of minority groups are being encouraged to adopt children, and in some states the law allows single persons to adopt children. Various organizations are engaged in research to find out how to make adoption as satisfactory as possible for children and their biological and adoptive families.
Recently, there has been a trend toward the re-establishment of a relationship, later in life, between adoptees and their birth parents. A few states have passed “open records” legislation that allows the examination of certain adoption records that makes it easier for adult adoptees and their birth parents to conduct a search for each other. Some states have adoption registries that take information from, and provide information to, any person engaged in such a search.
According to the article, which of the following is a more recent trend in adoption?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「段落定位」與「時間概念判讀」。題目問的是 adoption(收養)方面較近期的趨勢,必須找出文章後段明確描述的新發展,而非選擇早期收養目的或一般性的收養政策。
文章提到的收養新趨勢包括:
- 鼓勵少數族群成員收養兒童。
- 部分州允許單身人士收養兒童。
- 透過「open records」及 adoption registries,協助成年被收養者與生父母重新建立關係。
解題方法
先抓題幹關鍵字:
- more recent trend:較近期的趨勢
- adoption:收養
- according to the article:必須依文章內容判斷
文章第五段明確指出:
People who are members of minority groups are being encouraged to adopt children, and in some states the law allows single persons to adopt children.
少數族群的成員正受到鼓勵去收養兒童,而在某些州,法律允許單身人士收養兒童。
其中,minority groups(少數族群)與選項 (C) 的 Minority families(少數族群家庭)概念直接對應,因此選擇 (C)。
此外,文章最後一段提到:
Recently, there has been a trend toward the re-establishment of a relationship, later in life, between adoptees and their birth parents.
最近,收養子女與其生父母在日後重新建立關係,已成為一種趨勢。
這段是文章所說最晚近的趨勢,但選項中沒有「成年被收養者與生父母重新建立關係」這個正確表述;在現有選項中,(C) 是唯一符合文章明確內容的答案。
關鍵單字與片語
- adoption:收養
- adopt:收養
- adoptee:被收養者
- birth parents:生父母
- adoptive parents:養父母
- biological family:親生家庭
- minority groups:少數族群
- single persons:單身人士
- sibling group:兄弟姊妹群體
- children with handicaps:身心障礙兒童
- special needs:特殊需求
- child’s welfare:兒童福祉
- be encouraged to:受到鼓勵去……
- be allowed to:被允許……
- re-establishment of a relationship:重新建立關係
- open records legislation:開放收養紀錄的法律
- adoption registries:收養登記機構
語意與文法重點
be encouraged to + 原形動詞
文章中的 are being encouraged to adopt 是現在進行式被動語態,表示「目前正受到鼓勵去收養」。
People ... are being encouraged to adopt children.- 人們正受到鼓勵去收養兒童。
single persons不等於single parents
第 35 題
V. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question according to what is stated or implied in each passage.
Questions 31–35
【題組共用題幹】
Adoption is mentioned in ancient legends, myths, and stories. The Bible, for example, describes the adoption of Moses by Pharaoh’s daughter. The Roman general Julius Caesar adopted his grand-nephew Octavius.
Formerly the purpose of adoption was to enhance the family unit by providing a childless family with an heir to inherit property or continue a family name. It was not until 1851, in Massachusetts, that the first adoption law to protect children was passed. Since then people have become more concerned about the child’s welfare in adoption.
Gradually ideas about adoption have changed. Adoption is now considered a way to find families for children. Communities and social agencies are trying to give more children the benefits of adoption. One reason is the belief that every child has a right to a caring and supportive family.
Social agencies are using new methods to find families to care for an older child, a sibling group, or a child with handicaps. Legislation has been passed to help families who choose to adopt children with special needs. The adoptive parents of such children are given allowances to help meet the costs of including the child in their families.
People who are members of minority groups are being encouraged to adopt children, and in some states the law allows single persons to adopt children. Various organizations are engaged in research to find out how to make adoption as satisfactory as possible for children and their biological and adoptive families.
Recently, there has been a trend toward the re-establishment of a relationship, later in life, between adoptees and their birth parents. A few states have passed “open records” legislation that allows the examination of certain adoption records that makes it easier for adult adoptees and their birth parents to conduct a search for each other. Some states have adoption registries that take information from, and provide information to, any person engaged in such a search.
What does the word it in the last paragraph refer to?
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核心觀念
本題考「代名詞指涉」與固定句型 make it + 形容詞 + for A to V。
句型中的 it 是形式受詞,真正的受詞是後面的不定詞片語:
make it easier for adult adoptees and their birth parents to conduct a search
意思是「使成年被收養者與其生父母更容易進行搜尋」。依官方答案,本題將 it 解讀為「尋找家人、彼此搜尋這件事」,對應選項 (E) A search for family members。
解題方法
先定位最後一段的關鍵句:
A few states have passed “open records” legislation that allows the examination of certain adoption records that makes it easier for adult adoptees and their birth parents to conduct a search for each other.
翻譯:
有些州已通過「開放紀錄」立法,允許查閱某些收養紀錄,使成年被收養者及其生父母更容易彼此搜尋。
句中有兩個 that:
- 第一個 that 修飾 “open records” legislation,說明這項立法允許查閱收養紀錄。
- 第二個 that 引導後續說明,重點是該措施「使搜尋行動更容易」。
固定結構為:
make it easier for 人 to 動詞
其中 it 不指稱具體物品,而是代替後面的行為內容;此處的行為就是 to conduct a search for each other,也就是「搜尋彼此、尋找家人」。
關鍵單字與片語
- adoptee:被收養者
- birth parent:生父母、親生父母
- open records legislation:開放紀錄立法
- examination:查閱、檢視
- adoption records:收養紀錄
- make it easier for A to V:使 A 更容易做某事
- conduct a search:進行搜尋
- each other:彼此、互相
選項分析
(A) An open record
錯誤。文章提到的是 “open records” legislation,即「開放紀錄立法」,不是單一的開放紀錄。且 it 所代表的語意重點是搜尋行動,而非紀錄本身。
第 36 題
V. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question according to what is stated or implied in each passage.
Questions 36–40
【題組共用題幹】
Disney got into the consulting business by accident after being featured in the 1984 best seller In Search of Excellence. Many corporations started asking for tips so that the company created a program in 1986 called “The Disney Approach to People Management,” and formalized the business a decade later with the Disney Institute’s creation.
Revenue from the Disney Institute has doubled over the past three years, according to Disney, powered in part by its aggressive pursuit of new business. From 2006 to 2009, 300 school systems across the United States have sought its advice.
The Disney Institute recently hired several field representatives to sign up clients and started dispatching its executives to companies wanting help; before that, advice-seekers traveled to Walt Disney World in Florida or Disneyland in California.
“We’re putting our people on planes all day every day, domestically and internationally,” said Jeff James, who runs Disney’s consulting branch. “Some clients are in great shape and want to improve even further, and some are truly clueless.” Mr. James said the up-and-down economy had put pressure on companies to pay more attention to consumers’ needs. He also cited the importance of the Web, which “gives unhappy customers a megaphone.”
Disney, which employs 64,000 people in Orlando alone, has its own employee difficulties, of course. Some “cast members”—Disney’s reference to employees—chafe at the company’s strict rules, although it recently lifted a facial-hair ban and now allows women to forgo pantyhose. Disney’s ultra-friendly customer service can also startle visitors who aren’t used to such cheerfulness.
But vast numbers of consumers love it, and the company is routinely showcased in business books for its hospitality and efficiency. For instance, the company has spent so much time studying its customers—more than 120 million globally in 2011—that it places trash cans every 27 paces, the average distance a visitor carries a candy wrapper before discarding it.
When clients send their employees to Disney Institute for training, some time is spent on seminars on topics like “purpose before task.” They are going through Disney-led workshops that emphasize five principles: leadership, training, customer experience, brand loyalty and creativity. Sessions are often custom-tailored. They also get tours of the parks, where Disney managers demonstrate their tricks in action, like giving directions by point with two fingers instead of one (it’s more polite). A behind-the-scenes stop at “textile services” (the laundry) might emphasize how managers are taught to show appreciation for lower-level workers by pitching in to complete menial tasks.
According to the article, when was the Disney Institute founded?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀測驗中的「時間線索判讀」與「代名詞、時間片語的語意理解」。關鍵是辨認:
- 1984:Disney 出現在書籍《In Search of Excellence》中。
- 1986:成立「The Disney Approach to People Management」培訓計畫。
- 十年後:成立 Disney Institute,使顧問業務正式化。
因此,應將 1986 往後推算十年:
定位答案的原文
“Many corporations started asking for tips so that the company created a program in 1986 called ‘The Disney Approach to People Management,’ and formalized the business a decade later with the Disney Institute’s creation.”
翻譯:
許多企業開始向 Disney 請教,因此該公司在 1986 年成立了名為「Disney 人員管理方法」的計畫,並在十年後透過成立 Disney Institute,使這項業務正式化。
句中的 a decade later 指的是「十年後」,其計算起點是前面明確提到的 1986,因此 Disney Institute 成立於 1996 年。
解題方法
閱讀文章中的年份時,必須區分「事件本身發生的年份」與「相對時間」。本題真正詢問的是:
when was the Disney Institute founded?
文章沒有直接寫出「Disney Institute was founded in 1996」,而是使用:
formalized the business a decade later with the Disney Institute’s creation
前文的基準年份為 1986,所以:
關鍵單字與片語
- consulting business:顧問業務
- by accident:偶然地、意外地
- best seller:暢銷書
- ask for tips:請教訣竅、尋求建議
- create a program:成立/創設一項計畫
- formalize:使正式化
- a decade later:十年後
- creation:創立、成立
- revenue:收入
- seek advice:尋求建議
- field representative:外勤代表
- client:客戶
- consumer:消費者
- employee:員工
- strict rules:嚴格規定
- customer service:顧客服務
- showcase:展示、作為典範介紹
- hospitality:待客之道、服務熱忱
- efficiency:效率
- custom-tailored:量身訂製的
- behind the scenes:幕後的
第 37 題
V. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question according to what is stated or implied in each passage.
Questions 36–40
【題組共用題幹】
Disney got into the consulting business by accident after being featured in the 1984 best seller In Search of Excellence. Many corporations started asking for tips so that the company created a program in 1986 called “The Disney Approach to People Management,” and formalized the business a decade later with the Disney Institute’s creation.
Revenue from the Disney Institute has doubled over the past three years, according to Disney, powered in part by its aggressive pursuit of new business. From 2006 to 2009, 300 school systems across the United States have sought its advice.
The Disney Institute recently hired several field representatives to sign up clients and started dispatching its executives to companies wanting help; before that, advice-seekers traveled to Walt Disney World in Florida or Disneyland in California.
“We’re putting our people on planes all day every day, domestically and internationally,” said Jeff James, who runs Disney’s consulting branch. “Some clients are in great shape and want to improve even further, and some are truly clueless.” Mr. James said the up-and-down economy had put pressure on companies to pay more attention to consumers’ needs. He also cited the importance of the Web, which “gives unhappy customers a megaphone.”
Disney, which employs 64,000 people in Orlando alone, has its own employee difficulties, of course. Some “cast members”—Disney’s reference to employees—chafe at the company’s strict rules, although it recently lifted a facial-hair ban and now allows women to forgo pantyhose. Disney’s ultra-friendly customer service can also startle visitors who aren’t used to such cheerfulness.
But vast numbers of consumers love it, and the company is routinely showcased in business books for its hospitality and efficiency. For instance, the company has spent so much time studying its customers—more than 120 million globally in 2011—that it places trash cans every 27 paces, the average distance a visitor carries a candy wrapper before discarding it.
When clients send their employees to Disney Institute for training, some time is spent on seminars on topics like “purpose before task.” They are going through Disney-led workshops that emphasize five principles: leadership, training, customer experience, brand loyalty and creativity. Sessions are often custom-tailored. They also get tours of the parks, where Disney managers demonstrate their tricks in action, like giving directions by point with two fingers instead of one (it’s more polite). A behind-the-scenes stop at “textile services” (the laundry) might emphasize how managers are taught to show appreciation for lower-level workers by pitching in to complete menial tasks.
What can be inferred from the passage?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「閱讀理解中的推論題(inference question)」以及選項與原文之間的語意對應。
解題重點不是尋找逐字出現的答案,而是:
- 找出文章明確陳述的事實。
- 判斷選項是否改變了原文的主詞、受詞、數據或因果關係。
- 將不同段落的資訊整合,推導出文章合理暗示的內容。
本題最關鍵的兩句是:
“Some clients are in great shape and want to improve even further, and some are truly clueless.”
有些客戶的經營狀況非常好,仍希望進一步改善;有些客戶則完全不知所措。
“Mr. James said the up-and-down economy had put pressure on companies to pay more attention to consumers’ needs.”
James 先生表示,起伏不定的經濟情勢使企業承受壓力,必須更加重視消費者的需求。
由此可知,尋求 Disney 協助的企業類型不一:有些企業本身表現良好,有些企業則缺乏經營及顧客服務方面的觀念;企業普遍也更加重視消費者需求。
解題方法
題目問:
What can be inferred from the passage?
意思是「根據文章可以推論出什麼?」
作答時要特別注意選項是否:
- 把員工說成顧客;
- 把顧問業務說成公共安全工作;
- 把營收成長改寫成裁員造成;
- 把「解除規定」改寫成「強制要求」;
- 將不同句子的資訊合理整合。
文章指出 Disney 的顧問客戶包括:
- “clients are in great shape”:本身經營狀況良好的企業;
- “pay more attention to consumers’ needs”:重視顧客需求的企業;
- “some are truly clueless”:對相關管理觀念缺乏了解的企業。
因此,最符合官方答案的是 E。
選項分析
(A) Female employees are now obliged to wear pantyhose to correspond to Disney’s prime hospitality principle.
女性員工現在必須穿著褲襪,以符合 Disney 的主要待客原則。
錯誤。
原文說:
“it recently lifted a facial-hair ban and now allows women to forgo pantyhose.”
Disney 最近取消了鬍鬚禁令,現在也允許女性員工不穿褲襪。
關鍵片語是 allow someone to forgo something,意思是「允許某人免除、不必使用某物」。原文表明女性員工可以不穿褲襪,選項卻說她們「被要求」穿褲襪,意思完全相反。
(B) The main tasks for Disney’s field representatives are to ensure public safety in Disney World.
Disney 的外勤代表主要工作是在 Disney World 維護公共安全。
錯誤。
原文說:
“The Disney Institute recently hired several field representatives to sign up clients...”
Disney Institute 最近聘用了數名外勤代表,以招募客戶。
sign up clients 是「招募客戶、爭取客戶」,與公共安全無關。文章也沒有說這些 field representatives 負責園區安全;他們的工作是拓展 Disney 的顧問業務。
(C) Disney has earned twice its revenue for the past three years by reducing its personnel redundancy.
Disney 在過去三年藉由降低人員冗餘,使營收增加兩倍。
錯誤。
原文是:
“Revenue from the Disney Institute has doubled over the past three years...”
Disney Institute 的營收在過去三年增加為原來的兩倍。
此選項有三個問題:
- has doubled 只表示「增加為原來的兩倍」,不是「每年賺取兩倍營收」。
- 原文只談 Disney Institute 的營收,不是整個 Disney 公司。
- 文章沒有提到透過裁員、減少人力或降低 personnel redundancy 來造成營收成長。
第 38 題
V. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question according to what is stated or implied in each passage.
Questions 36–40
【題組共用題幹】
Disney got into the consulting business by accident after being featured in the 1984 best seller In Search of Excellence. Many corporations started asking for tips so that the company created a program in 1986 called “The Disney Approach to People Management,” and formalized the business a decade later with the Disney Institute’s creation.
Revenue from the Disney Institute has doubled over the past three years, according to Disney, powered in part by its aggressive pursuit of new business. From 2006 to 2009, 300 school systems across the United States have sought its advice.
The Disney Institute recently hired several field representatives to sign up clients and started dispatching its executives to companies wanting help; before that, advice-seekers traveled to Walt Disney World in Florida or Disneyland in California.
“We’re putting our people on planes all day every day, domestically and internationally,” said Jeff James, who runs Disney’s consulting branch. “Some clients are in great shape and want to improve even further, and some are truly clueless.” Mr. James said the up-and-down economy had put pressure on companies to pay more attention to consumers’ needs. He also cited the importance of the Web, which “gives unhappy customers a megaphone.”
Disney, which employs 64,000 people in Orlando alone, has its own employee difficulties, of course. Some “cast members”—Disney’s reference to employees—chafe at the company’s strict rules, although it recently lifted a facial-hair ban and now allows women to forgo pantyhose. Disney’s ultra-friendly customer service can also startle visitors who aren’t used to such cheerfulness.
But vast numbers of consumers love it, and the company is routinely showcased in business books for its hospitality and efficiency. For instance, the company has spent so much time studying its customers—more than 120 million globally in 2011—that it places trash cans every 27 paces, the average distance a visitor carries a candy wrapper before discarding it.
When clients send their employees to Disney Institute for training, some time is spent on seminars on topics like “purpose before task.” They are going through Disney-led workshops that emphasize five principles: leadership, training, customer experience, brand loyalty and creativity. Sessions are often custom-tailored. They also get tours of the parks, where Disney managers demonstrate their tricks in action, like giving directions by point with two fingers instead of one (it’s more polite). A behind-the-scenes stop at “textile services” (the laundry) might emphasize how managers are taught to show appreciation for lower-level workers by pitching in to complete menial tasks.
The words “chafe at” in Paragraph #5 can be best understood as “____________.”
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查英文片語 chafe at 的語意,以及根據上下文判斷字義的能力。
chafe at something 意為「對某事感到不滿、惱怒,因而受到束縛或限制而不耐煩」。其中:
- chafe:磨擦;使惱怒、使不耐煩
- chafe at:對……感到不滿、受不了……的限制
文章描述 Disney 員工必須遵守嚴格規定,因此部分員工對這些規定感到不滿。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句為:
Some “cast members”—Disney’s reference to employees—chafe at the company’s strict rules, although it recently lifted a facial-hair ban and now allows women to forgo pantyhose.
翻譯:
有些「演員」(Disney 對員工的稱呼)對公司的嚴格規定感到不滿,儘管公司最近取消了鬍鬚禁令,也允許女性不穿褲襪。
句中 although 表示讓步,前後形成對比:
- 前半句:員工對嚴格規定感到不滿。
- 後半句:公司已經放寬部分規定。
因此,chafe at the company’s strict rules 不可能表示興奮、同情或漠不關心,而是表示員工因規定嚴格而感到惱怒、不耐煩。
文法與語意重點
1. chafe at 的用法
chafe at + 名詞 表示「對某事感到不滿或不耐煩」。
例句:
- Employees chafed at the new regulations.
員工對新規定感到不滿。 - He chafes at being treated like a child.
他對被當成小孩對待感到很不耐煩。
本題中:
- chafe 是動詞
- at 是固定搭配中的介系詞
- the company’s strict rules 是介系詞 at 的受詞
2. 上下文線索
句中的 strict rules(嚴格規定)本身帶有負面限制的語氣。員工面對嚴格規定時,最合理的情緒是不滿或惱怒,而非興奮、同情或悲傷。
選項分析
(A) feeling excited by
意為「對……感到興奮」。
錯誤。
Disney 的嚴格規定是對員工的限制,與 excited「興奮的」語意相反。若表示興奮,通常會使用 be excited by/about,而不是 chafe at。
第 39 題
V. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question according to what is stated or implied in each passage.
Questions 36–40
【題組共用題幹】
Disney got into the consulting business by accident after being featured in the 1984 best seller In Search of Excellence. Many corporations started asking for tips so that the company created a program in 1986 called “The Disney Approach to People Management,” and formalized the business a decade later with the Disney Institute’s creation.
Revenue from the Disney Institute has doubled over the past three years, according to Disney, powered in part by its aggressive pursuit of new business. From 2006 to 2009, 300 school systems across the United States have sought its advice.
The Disney Institute recently hired several field representatives to sign up clients and started dispatching its executives to companies wanting help; before that, advice-seekers traveled to Walt Disney World in Florida or Disneyland in California.
“We’re putting our people on planes all day every day, domestically and internationally,” said Jeff James, who runs Disney’s consulting branch. “Some clients are in great shape and want to improve even further, and some are truly clueless.” Mr. James said the up-and-down economy had put pressure on companies to pay more attention to consumers’ needs. He also cited the importance of the Web, which “gives unhappy customers a megaphone.”
Disney, which employs 64,000 people in Orlando alone, has its own employee difficulties, of course. Some “cast members”—Disney’s reference to employees—chafe at the company’s strict rules, although it recently lifted a facial-hair ban and now allows women to forgo pantyhose. Disney’s ultra-friendly customer service can also startle visitors who aren’t used to such cheerfulness.
But vast numbers of consumers love it, and the company is routinely showcased in business books for its hospitality and efficiency. For instance, the company has spent so much time studying its customers—more than 120 million globally in 2011—that it places trash cans every 27 paces, the average distance a visitor carries a candy wrapper before discarding it.
When clients send their employees to Disney Institute for training, some time is spent on seminars on topics like “purpose before task.” They are going through Disney-led workshops that emphasize five principles: leadership, training, customer experience, brand loyalty and creativity. Sessions are often custom-tailored. They also get tours of the parks, where Disney managers demonstrate their tricks in action, like giving directions by point with two fingers instead of one (it’s more polite). A behind-the-scenes stop at “textile services” (the laundry) might emphasize how managers are taught to show appreciation for lower-level workers by pitching in to complete menial tasks.
According to the article, which might NOT be found in a Disney-led training workshop?
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核心觀念
本題考「閱讀理解中的段落主旨與細節推論」。解題重點是將選項內容與 Disney Institute 的訓練主題逐一對照,找出文章中「沒有提到」且與文章精神相反的敘述。
文章明確指出 Disney 訓練著重五項原則:
- leadership:領導
- training:訓練
- customer experience:顧客體驗
- brand loyalty:品牌忠誠
- creativity:創意
因此,選項若能與上述主題或文章細節相互呼應,即屬於可能出現在訓練工作坊中的內容;若與文章強調的精神相反,便是答案。
解題方法
定位本題最關鍵的句子:
They are going through Disney-led workshops that emphasize five principles: leadership, training, customer experience, brand loyalty and creativity.
翻譯為:
他們參加由 Disney 主導的工作坊,內容強調五項原則:領導、訓練、顧客體驗、品牌忠誠與創意。
此外,文章也提到:
Some clients are in great shape and want to improve even further, and some are truly clueless.
翻譯為:
有些客戶的狀況已經很好,希望進一步改善;有些客戶則真的毫無頭緒。
這表示 Disney 的訓練目標是改善企業管理、培養員工能力、提升顧客服務,而非要求員工壓抑創意。
判斷順序如下:
- 先找出文章明示的五項訓練原則。
- 再將各選項改寫成文章中的概念。
- 找出與「creativity」直接相反的選項。
選項分析
(A) How employees identify with their enterprise.
意思是:
員工如何認同自己的企業。
此選項可對應文章中的 brand loyalty。Disney 不只訓練員工完成工作,也重視員工對品牌與企業的認同,使員工能代表 Disney 的形象服務顧客。
因此,這項內容可能出現在 Disney-led training workshop 中,選項正確但不是答案。
(B) How employees acquire the skills to become future leaders.
意思是:
員工如何取得成為未來領導者所需的技能。
此選項對應文章中的 leadership 與 training。文章明確說明工作坊強調領導與訓練,培養員工的管理能力與領導能力,故此內容合理。
因此,本選項不是答案。
(C) How employees’ potentials are empowered and put into workplace.
意思是:
員工的潛能如何被激發,並運用於工作場所。
此選項可對應 creativity 與員工訓練。文章舉例說明 Disney 管理者親自示範工作技巧,例如用兩根手指指路,因為這樣較有禮貌;在洗衣部門中,管理者也會親自協助完成基層工作,以表達對低階員工的重視。
這些做法都在示範如何把管理理念與員工能力實際運用於工作中。因此,本選項可出現在訓練課程中。
(D) How employees conform to their company’s tradition and dispel original thinking.
意思是:
員工如何遵循公司的傳統,並消除原創思考。
第 40 題
V. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question according to what is stated or implied in each passage.
Questions 36–40
【題組共用題幹】
Disney got into the consulting business by accident after being featured in the 1984 best seller In Search of Excellence. Many corporations started asking for tips so that the company created a program in 1986 called “The Disney Approach to People Management,” and formalized the business a decade later with the Disney Institute’s creation.
Revenue from the Disney Institute has doubled over the past three years, according to Disney, powered in part by its aggressive pursuit of new business. From 2006 to 2009, 300 school systems across the United States have sought its advice.
The Disney Institute recently hired several field representatives to sign up clients and started dispatching its executives to companies wanting help; before that, advice-seekers traveled to Walt Disney World in Florida or Disneyland in California.
“We’re putting our people on planes all day every day, domestically and internationally,” said Jeff James, who runs Disney’s consulting branch. “Some clients are in great shape and want to improve even further, and some are truly clueless.” Mr. James said the up-and-down economy had put pressure on companies to pay more attention to consumers’ needs. He also cited the importance of the Web, which “gives unhappy customers a megaphone.”
Disney, which employs 64,000 people in Orlando alone, has its own employee difficulties, of course. Some “cast members”—Disney’s reference to employees—chafe at the company’s strict rules, although it recently lifted a facial-hair ban and now allows women to forgo pantyhose. Disney’s ultra-friendly customer service can also startle visitors who aren’t used to such cheerfulness.
But vast numbers of consumers love it, and the company is routinely showcased in business books for its hospitality and efficiency. For instance, the company has spent so much time studying its customers—more than 120 million globally in 2011—that it places trash cans every 27 paces, the average distance a visitor carries a candy wrapper before discarding it.
When clients send their employees to Disney Institute for training, some time is spent on seminars on topics like “purpose before task.” They are going through Disney-led workshops that emphasize five principles: leadership, training, customer experience, brand loyalty and creativity. Sessions are often custom-tailored. They also get tours of the parks, where Disney managers demonstrate their tricks in action, like giving directions by point with two fingers instead of one (it’s more polite). A behind-the-scenes stop at “textile services” (the laundry) might emphasize how managers are taught to show appreciation for lower-level workers by pitching in to complete menial tasks.
Which of the following is likely to be excluded in Disney’s annual budget?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「文章明示資訊+合理推論」,並結合字義判讀。
題目問:
Which of the following is likely to be excluded in Disney’s annual budget?
關鍵字義如下:
- be likely to:很可能……
- be excluded:被排除、不列入
- annual budget:年度預算
- cutbacks:削減、縮減
- international travels:國際旅行、國際出差
- maintenance of customer service:維持顧客服務
- friendly gestures:友善的手勢
題幹的文法結構是被動語態:
is likely to be excluded
即「很可能被排除在年度預算之外」。因此,解題重點是找出一項與 Disney 當前積極推動的業務方向相衝突、最有可能被刪減的支出。
解題方法
先尋找文章中與「預算支出」有關的資訊,再判斷各選項是否符合 Disney 的經營重點。
最關鍵的定位句是:
“We’re putting our people on planes all day every day, domestically and internationally,” said Jeff James, who runs Disney’s consulting branch.
翻譯:
「我們每天都讓員工搭飛機出差,足跡遍及國內與國際。」負責 Disney 顧問部門的 Jeff James 如此表示。
文章明確指出 Disney 正積極派遣主管到各地企業提供顧問服務,而且包含 internationally。因此,Disney 的業務需要國際旅行支出;「削減國際旅行」與文章描述的積極拓展業務方向不一致,最有可能被排除在年度預算之外。
選項分析
(A) Research on the growth of global customers.
研究全球顧客的成長。
文章提到:
“the company has spent so much time studying its customers—more than 120 million globally in 2011—”
翻譯:
「這家公司花費大量時間研究顧客;2011 年全球顧客人數超過 1.2 億。」
Disney 高度重視顧客研究,並且以全球顧客為研究對象。因此,研究全球顧客成長符合公司的經營策略,應列入年度預算,不是最可能被排除的項目。此選項錯誤。
(B) Waste disposal in Disneyland.
Disneyland 的廢棄物處理。
文章指出:
“it places trash cans every 27 paces, the average distance a visitor carries a candy wrapper before discarding it.”
翻譯: