慈濟大學 102 年 《英文》
第 1 題2 分
After the accident, Tom was badly scarred but the plastic surgeon did a marvelous skin ____ and now you can hardly see any trace of it.
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核心觀念
本題考「醫學語境中的字義辨析」與「固定搭配」。
題幹描述整形外科醫師利用皮膚組織修復疤痕,使傷痕幾乎看不見。醫學英文中,將皮膚或其他組織移植到受傷部位,最標準的說法是 skin graft,中文為「皮膚移植;植皮」。
graft 可作名詞,指「移植的組織」或「移植手術」;常見搭配包括:
- skin graft:皮膚移植、植皮
- bone graft:骨移植
- graft surgery:移植手術
- graft tissue:移植組織
解題方法
先抓題幹中的關鍵線索:
the plastic surgeon did a marvelous skin ____
整形外科醫師做了非常成功的皮膚__
空格前有 skin,因此需要填入能與 skin 形成自然醫學搭配的名詞。整形外科處理嚴重疤痕時,常用患者自身或捐贈者的皮膚組織覆蓋受傷部位,這項處置稱為 skin graft。
完整句意為:
After the accident, Tom was badly scarred but the plastic surgeon did a marvelous skin graft and now you can hardly see any trace of it.
車禍後,Tom 身上留下嚴重疤痕,但整形外科醫師做了非常成功的植皮手術,現在幾乎看不出任何痕跡。
因此空格應填 graft。
選項分析
(A) transfer
transfer 是「轉移、轉讓、調動」,泛指人、物品、資料或權利從一處移到另一處。
例如:
- transfer money:轉帳
- transfer a patient:轉送病人
- transfer schools:轉學
雖然皮膚移植確實涉及組織位置的轉移,但 skin transfer 不是此處表示「植皮」的標準醫學搭配,語意不精確,因此錯誤。
(B) change
change 是「改變、變化」,可作動詞或名詞。它表示狀態或性質的改變,不是指將皮膚組織移植到傷口上的手術。
skin change 通常只能理解為「皮膚的變化」,例如膚色、質地或外觀改變,不能表示「皮膚移植」,因此錯誤。
(C) graft
第 2 題2 分
The court heard that the six defendants had been ____ into making a confession.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 動詞的語意辨析
- 固定搭配:be coerced into + V-ing
- 依上下文判斷「被迫認罪」與「被說服認罪」的差異
題幹中的關鍵結構是:
The court heard that the six defendants had been ____ into making a confession.
法庭得知,這六名被告曾被__而作出供詞。
其中:
- be coerced into + V-ing:被迫做某事
- make a confession:認罪、作出供詞
「被告被迫作出供詞」最符合法律語境,因此答案為 coerced。
解題方法
先觀察空格後方的結構:
____ into making a confession
空格後是 into + V-ing,表示「使某人進入某種行動或狀態」。需要填入能與 into 搭配,且能表達「迫使某人做某事」的過去分詞。
句子的完整形式為:
The six defendants had been coerced into making a confession.
coerce 的意思是「強迫、脅迫」,常用搭配為:
coerce someone into doing something
強迫某人做某事
因為主詞是被告,且使用被動語態:
had been coerced into making a confession
曾被迫作出供詞
因此選 (A) coerced。
文法與語意重點
1. 被動語態
句子基本結構為:
The defendants had been coerced into making a confession.
- had been:過去完成式的被動語態
- coerced:過去分詞
- into making:介系詞 into 後接動名詞
原本的主動句可改寫為:
Someone had coerced the six defendants into making a confession.
某人曾強迫這六名被告作出供詞。
改為被動句後:
The six defendants had been coerced into making a confession.
2. into 後接動名詞
介系詞 into 後面要接名詞或動名詞,因此使用:
into making
不可寫成:
into make
常見句型包括:
- persuade someone into doing something:說服某人做某事
- force someone into doing something:迫使某人做某事
- pressure someone into doing something:施壓使某人做某事
- coerce someone into doing something:脅迫某人做某事
第 3 題2 分
The teacher ____ at the suggestion that she had in any way neglected the students.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 動詞的搭配與句型。
- 動詞的語意判斷。
- 片語 bristle at + 名詞 的用法。
句型為:
The teacher ____ at the suggestion that she had in any way neglected the students.
空格後接介系詞 at,因此須選擇能自然與 at 搭配,且符合語意的動詞。
題幹定位與翻譯
The teacher bristled at the suggestion that she had in any way neglected the students.
翻譯為:
那位老師一聽到有人暗示她曾以任何方式忽視學生,就顯得非常生氣和反感。
其中:
- bristle at:對……感到惱怒、反感;因……而勃然變色
- suggestion:暗示、說法
- in any way:以任何方式;在任何方面
- neglect:忽視、疏於照顧
- students:學生
解題方法
先觀察空格後的結構:
____ at the suggestion
表示「對這個暗示產生某種反應」。句意是:有人暗示老師忽視學生,老師對此感到憤怒、受冒犯。
bristle 原意是「毛髮豎立」,用於人時,常表示因生氣、被冒犯或受到質疑而立刻採取防衛態度。其常見搭配為:
bristle at something
對某事感到生氣或反感
因此:
bristled at the suggestion
正好表示「對這個暗示感到憤怒、不滿」。
此外,had neglected 是過去完成式,表示「在過去某個時間點之前已經忽視」。that she had in any way neglected the students 是說明 the suggestion 具體內容的名詞子句。
選項分析
(A) beheld
beheld 是 behold 的過去式,意為「看見、注視」。此動詞通常是及物動詞,後面直接接受詞:
The teacher beheld the students.
老師看見了學生。
不說:
beheld at the suggestion
第 4 題2 分
They lived in an apartment building ____ to the MRT station.
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核心觀念
本題考「形容詞與介系詞的固定搭配」及語意判斷。
句型為:
They lived in an apartment building adjacent to the MRT station.
他們住在一棟鄰近捷運站的公寓大樓裡。
adjacent 是形容詞,意思是「鄰近的、毗鄰的」,固定搭配為:
be adjacent to + 地點/事物
鄰近、緊鄰……
句中的 adjacent to the MRT station 修飾前面的 an apartment building,相當於:
an apartment building which was adjacent to the MRT station
也就是「一棟鄰近捷運站的公寓大樓」。
解題方法
先判斷空格後的 to the MRT station 是否能與選項形成自然且正確的搭配。
adjacent 的標準搭配是 adjacent to,表示「鄰近於」。放入句中後:
They lived in an apartment building adjacent to the MRT station.
句意與文法皆完整:
他們住在一棟鄰近捷運站的公寓大樓裡。
因此選擇 (C) adjacent。
選項分析
(A) adjunct
adjunct 主要作名詞,意為「附屬物、附加物、輔助物」,也可作形容詞,表示「附屬的、附加的」。
但本句需要表達「公寓大樓鄰近捷運站」,adjunct to 並不是表示「鄰近」的正常搭配。即使將 adjunct 視為形容詞,語意也不符合句意,因此錯誤。
(B) abreast
abreast 常見於片語:
abreast of
與……並列;了解……的最新情況
例如:
keep abreast of current events
掌握時事動態
第 5 題2 分
Unlike ceramics, components of some types of plastics are known to be ____ to human health.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與形容詞搭配。句型為:
components of some types of plastics are known to be ____ to human health.
其中 be + 形容詞 + to + 名詞 表示「對……是……的」。空格後接 to human health,需要填入表示「對人體健康有危害」的形容詞。
關鍵片語是:
be hazardous to human health:對人體健康有危害be known to be ...:已知是……、眾所周知是……
題幹定位與翻譯
Unlike ceramics, components of some types of plastics are known to be hazardous to human health.
翻譯為:
不同於陶瓷,某些種類塑膠的成分已知對人體健康有危害。
Unlike ceramics 表示「不同於陶瓷」,帶出塑膠成分可能具有危害性的語意;hazardous to human health 則直接說明其對健康造成危險。
解題方法
先觀察空格後的 to human health。與「健康」最自然、最固定的搭配是:
hazardous to human health
hazardous 是形容詞,意為「危險的、有害的」,常用於:
hazardous chemicals:危險化學物質hazardous waste:有害廢棄物hazardous to health:對健康有害
因此完整句意通順,文法與語意皆成立。
選項分析
(A) haphazard
意為「雜亂無章的、隨意的、無計畫的」,通常描述方法、安排或行為,例如:
第 6 題2 分
A copy of the Chinese version of Diamond Sūtra, found among the Dunhuang ____ in the early 20th century, was dated back to May 11, 868.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「語境搭配」。句意描述的是在敦煌發現的一份《金剛經》中文抄本,因此空格應填表示「手稿、抄本」的 manuscripts。
題幹定位與翻譯
A copy of the Chinese version of Diamond Sūtra, found among the Dunhuang manuscripts in the early 20th century, was dated back to May 11, 868.
翻譯:
一份《金剛經》中文版的抄本,於 20 世紀初在敦煌手稿中被發現,其年代可追溯至 868 年 5 月 11 日。
關鍵線索是:
- a copy of the Chinese version:中文版的抄本
- found among the Dunhuang ____:在敦煌的某類文獻中被發現
- dated back to:追溯至……年代
「抄本」與「古代文獻」的語境,最適合搭配 manuscripts。
解題方法
先判斷空格所需的詞性。the Dunhuang ____ 中,空格前有冠詞 the,後方沒有其他限定詞,因此需要填入名詞複數。
再依語意判斷:
- 題目主旨是古代佛經抄本。
- 敦煌以保存大量古代手寫文獻聞名。
- 能表示「手稿、抄本」的名詞是 manuscript,複數為 manuscripts。
因此完整搭配為:
the Dunhuang manuscripts
敦煌手稿/敦煌文獻
選項分析
(A) manuscripts
manuscript 是名詞,意為「手稿、手寫本、抄本」,複數 manuscripts 表示多份手稿或一批文獻。
本句談到《金剛經》的古代中文抄本,且有 found among「在……之中被發現」的結構,與敦煌出土的大量古代手稿完全吻合。
因此 (A) 正確。
(B) manuals
manual 作名詞時意為「手冊、使用指南、操作說明書」,複數為 manuals。
Dunhuang manuals 會變成「敦煌手冊」,語意偏向教學或操作指南,無法自然指稱古代佛經抄本,因此不合本句歷史文獻的語境。
(B) 錯誤。
(C) manifestos
manifesto 是名詞,意為「宣言、宣告書」,通常指政治團體、社會運動或組織所發表的公開主張。
Dunhuang manifestos 意為「敦煌宣言」,與佛經抄本及古代文獻的內容不相符。
(C) 錯誤。
(D) minstrels
第 7 題2 分
Samsung has ____ Apple, the iPad and iPhone maker, in the worldwide chip-eating challenge.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 動詞字義辨析
- 現在完成式:has + 過去分詞
- 動詞與受詞、語境的搭配
題幹中的關鍵語意是:Samsung 在全球晶片消耗量的競爭中,取代了 Apple 的領先地位。因此應選表示「取代、取而代之」的 supplanted。
題幹定位與翻譯
原句:
Samsung has ____ Apple, the iPad and iPhone maker, in the worldwide chip-eating challenge.
翻譯:
Samsung 已在全球晶片消耗競賽中取代 Apple,這家 iPad 與 iPhone 製造商。
其中:
- Samsung:三星
- has + 過去分詞:現在完成式,表示「已經……」
- Apple, the iPad and iPhone maker:Apple,即 iPad 與 iPhone 製造商;此處為同位語
- worldwide:全世界的、全球的
- chip-eating challenge:晶片消耗競賽;此處的 eating 是比喻用法,表示大量使用或消耗晶片
解題方法
先觀察句型:
Samsung has ____ Apple.
空格後直接接人名 Apple,因此需要一個可以直接接受詞的及物動詞。再依語境判斷,句子描述 Samsung 與 Apple 在晶片消耗量上的競爭結果,重點是 Samsung 已經取代 Apple 的地位。
因此選擇:
supplant = 取代、替代,取而代之
填入後:
Samsung has supplanted Apple in the worldwide chip-eating challenge.
文法上,supplant 的過去分詞為 supplanted,符合現在完成式:
選項分析
(A) suppressed
Suppress 意為「壓制、抑制、鎮壓、禁止」。
例如:
- suppress a rebellion:鎮壓叛亂
- suppress anger:壓抑怒氣
- suppress the publication:禁止出版
Samsung has suppressed Apple 可理解為「Samsung 壓制了 Apple」,但題幹要表達的是在競爭中取代 Apple 的地位,並非壓制、禁止 Apple 的行動,因此不合語意。
(B) subsumed
第 8 題2 分
The 2011 Tohoku earthquake was a ____ 9.0 undersea megathrust earthquake off the coast of Japan.
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核心觀念
本題考「地震相關字彙」與「名詞片語的語意搭配」。
地震的規模以 magnitude 表示,數字通常直接放在 magnitude 後面:
- a magnitude 9.0 earthquake
規模 9.0 的地震 - a magnitude 6.5 earthquake
規模 6.5 的地震
因此,題幹中的空格應填入 magnitude。
地震的 magnitude(規模) 是描述地震釋放能量大小的數值;數值每增加 1,所代表的地震能量約增加 31.6 倍。
解題方法
先觀察空格後面的結構:
a ____ 9.0 undersea megathrust earthquake
空格後面接數字 9.0,整體要形成「規模 9.0 的地震」這個名詞片語。英文最自然、最標準的搭配是:
a magnitude 9.0 earthquake
所以完整句子為:
The 2011 Tohoku earthquake was a magnitude 9.0 undersea megathrust earthquake off the coast of Japan.
翻譯:
2011 年的東北地震,是一場發生於日本外海、規模 9.0 的海底逆衝型大地震。
題幹中定位答案的關鍵片語是:
a ____ 9.0 ... earthquake
一場規模 9.0 的……地震
其中能直接表示地震「規模」的名詞就是 magnitude。
選項分析
(A) epicenter:震央
Epicenter 指地表上位於震源正上方的點,也就是地震在地表上的位置。例如:
The epicenter was located off the coast of Japan.
震央位於日本外海。
它表示「位置」,不是表示地震大小的數值。題目中的 9.0 是地震規模,因此不能說:
a epicenter 9.0 earthquake
故錯誤。
(B) magnitude:規模;大小;量級
Magnitude 是地震學中表示地震規模的專門用語,能與數字直接搭配:
a magnitude 9.0 earthquake
這正是「規模 9.0 的地震」的標準表達,符合文法與語意。故為正確答案。
(C) scale:尺度;刻度;規模標準
Scale 可表示測量所使用的「尺度」或「量表」,例如:
the Richter scale
芮氏地震規模
但在本題句型中,不能直接說:
a scale 9.0 earthquake
若要使用 scale,通常必須改寫為:
第 9 題2 分
The medical board declared the treatment worthless and the practitioner a ____.
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核心觀念
本題考「語境判斷」與近義名詞辨析,關鍵在於判斷一名醫療從業者因提供無效療法而被認定為何種人物。
charlatan 指「江湖郎中、冒牌專家、騙子」,特別指假裝具備專業能力,實際上以欺騙手段提供無效治療或服務的人。題幹中治療被醫療委員會判定為毫無價值,因此該名從業者被視為以專業之名行騙的「江湖郎中」。
解題方法
先抓住題幹的因果線索:
The medical board declared the treatment worthless and the practitioner a ____.
翻譯為:
醫療委員會宣告這項治療毫無價值,並認定該名從業者是個____。
句中的 worthless(毫無價值的、無效的)是定位答案的關鍵。醫療專業人士提供無效治療,且受到醫療委員會否定,最符合「假借專業身分欺騙他人」的字義,因此填入 charlatan。
本句的結構是:
- declare the treatment worthless
宣布這項治療毫無價值 - declare the practitioner a charlatan
宣布/認定該名從業者是江湖郎中
這裡的 worthless 與 a charlatan 都是受詞補語,分別補充說明 the treatment 與 the practitioner 的身分或狀態。
選項分析
(A) magician — 魔術師
指以手法、道具或表演製造視覺幻象的人,通常是娛樂表演者。例如:
第 10 題2 分
We hadn’t realized that there would be a power cut, so we were astonished when the whole house was ____ into darkness.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 動詞與介系詞的固定搭配。
- 「使……陷入某種狀態」的語意。
- 被動語態與片語
plunge into darkness的用法。
題幹中的關鍵結構是:
the whole house was ____ into darkness
整棟房子被……帶入黑暗之中
plunge A into B 表示「使 A 突然陷入 B」。其中 plunge into darkness 是常見搭配,意為「陷入一片黑暗」。題幹使用被動語態:
the whole house was plunged into darkness
整棟房子陷入一片黑暗之中
解題方法
先觀察句意:
We hadn’t realized that there would be a power cut, so we were astonished when the whole house was ____ into darkness.
翻譯:
我們事先沒有察覺會停電,因此當整棟房子突然陷入一片黑暗時,都感到非常驚訝。
power cut 意為「停電」,停電會使房屋「陷入黑暗」。因此空格需要填入能與 into darkness 搭配,並表達「使……陷入」的動詞過去分詞。
plunge 的三態為:
- 原形:plunge
- 過去式:plunged
- 過去分詞:plunged
句型為:
the whole house was plunged into darkness
was plunged 是被動語態,符合文法與語意。
選項分析
(A) dived
dive 意為「潛水;跳入;俯衝」,過去式或過去分詞可用 dived,部分英式英語也使用 dove 作過去式。
但 dive into darkness 通常描述人或物體「潛入、衝入黑暗」,不表示停電使房屋陷入黑暗。題幹主詞是 the whole house,與 was dived into darkness 的搭配不自然,語意也不合。
(B) drowned
第 11 題2 分
By this time next year, these birds ____ south.
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核心觀念
本題測驗重點為**「未來完成式(Future Perfect Tense)」的時間副詞搭配與語意用法**。
- 未來完成式的結構:
- 核心概念:表示在未來某一特定時間點之前,某個動作「已經完成」或「將會結束」。
- 經典時間標記:(到了未來的……時候為止)。例如:
- (到了明年的這個時候……)
- (到了這個月底之前……)
- (到了 2030 年之前……)
題幹解析與中譯
- 原題句子:
By this time next year, these birds ____ south. - 中文翻譯:
到了明年的這個時候,這些鳥將已經向南遷徙了。
關鍵字詞與片語
- by this time next year(片語):到了明年的這個時候(未來時間標記)。
- migrate(動詞):遷徙、移居。
- south(副詞):向南、往南方。
- be about to + V(片語):即將、正要(做某事)。
解題方法
- 抓出時間線索:題首出現「」(By this time next year),表示以未來特定時間為結算點。
- 決定動詞時態:凡是以未來的時間點作為基準,陳述動作在該時間點「之前便已完成」,在英文文法中必須使用未來完成式(will have + p.p.)。
- 檢驗句子結構:本句主詞為 these birds,空格處需要主要子句的完整限定動詞(finite verb)。
選項分析
- (A) are about to migrate(錯誤)
表示「即將、正要進行某動作」,通常指相對於說話當下極為接近的未來(例如:*The train is about
第 12 題2 分
Patricia is sure ____ her opponents in the next competition.
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核心觀念
本題考查形容詞 sure 的句型:
表示「主詞確信自己會做某事」。因此:
- be sure to + 原形動詞:確定會……
- squash:擊敗、徹底打敗
- opponent:對手
- competition:比賽、競賽
- next competition:下一場比賽
題幹中的 in the next competition 指向尚未發生的未來比賽,因此應使用 to squash 表達「將會擊敗」。
題幹定位與翻譯
原句為:
Patricia is sure ____ her opponents in the next competition.
填入答案後:
Patricia is sure to squash her opponents in the next competition.
翻譯為:
Patricia 確信自己會在下一場比賽中擊敗對手。
句型結構如下:
- Patricia:主詞
- is:be 動詞
- sure:形容詞「確信的」
- to squash:不定詞片語,作為 sure 的補語
- her opponents:squash 的受詞
- in the next competition:時間與情境副詞片語
解題方法
先辨認空格前的核心結構:
Patricia is sure ____ ...
此處 sure 是形容詞,後面需要接能補充「確信內容」的結構。表達「確信某人會做某事」時,標準句型為:
因此空格應填入不定詞 to squash:
Patricia is sure to squash her opponents.
再根據語意判斷,next competition 表示下一場、尚未發生的比賽,使用 to squash 完全符合「將會擊敗」的意思。
選項分析
(A) squash
錯誤。sure 後面不能直接接動詞原形:
Patricia is sure squash ...
第 13 題2 分
It is essential that he ____ the rule.
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核心觀念:It is essential that... 的虛擬語氣
題幹句子:
It is essential that he ____ the rule.
他絕對有必要遵守這項規則。
本題考的是由 essential 所引導的「命令式虛擬語氣」(mandative subjunctive)。
當句型為:
It is essential/important/necessary/vital that + 主詞 + 原形動詞
that 子句中的動詞使用「原形」,不隨主詞人稱或數量變化。若要表示否定,將 not 放在原形動詞前面:
It is essential that he not break the rule.
其中:
- essential:必要的、極重要的
- rule:規則
- break the rule:違反規則
因此本句意義為:
他絕對有必要不違反這項規則。
也就是:他絕對不能違反這項規則。
解題方法
先判斷主要句型:
It is essential that + 子句
essential 表示必要性,會觸發虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣的動詞採用原形 break,不能使用第三人稱單數形式 breaks。
再判斷否定位置。英文否定虛擬語氣的結構是:
主詞 + not + 原形動詞
套入題目:
he + not + break
形成:
It is essential that he not break the rule.
因此正確選項為 (C)。
選項分析
(A) break not
It is essential that he break not the rule.
錯誤原因有二:
- 現代標準英文中,否定詞 not 通常放在動詞前面,應為 not break,而不是 break not。
- break not 屬於古老、詩性或高度特殊的倒裝語序,不是一般考試所要求的現代英文句型。
(B) breaks not
第 14 題2 分
The city is ____ as it used to be.
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核心觀念
本題考「倍數比較句」的固定句型:
意思是「A 是 B 的幾倍……」。
本題完整句為:
The city is twice as populated as it used to be.
這座城市的人口密度是過去的兩倍。
其中:
- city:城市
- populated:有人居住的;人口稠密的
- twice:兩倍
- as ... as:與……一樣……;用於倍數比較時表示「是……的幾倍」
- used to be:過去曾經是;以前的狀態
解題方法
題幹結構是:
The city is ____ as it used to be.
空格後面已經有 as,因此空格內必須填入:
twice as populated
組合後成為:
The city is twice as populated as it used to be.
句型拆解如下:
- twice:倍數
- as populated:形容詞的原級結構
- 題幹已有第二個 as,形成 twice as populated as
因此選擇 (A)。
選項分析
(A) twice as populated
填入後:
The city is twice as populated as it used to be.
符合「倍數 + as + 形容詞 + as」的固定句型,文法正確,語意為「這座城市比過去人口更稠密,達兩倍」。故正確。
(B) two time as populated
two time 錯誤。表示「兩倍」時,應使用:
- twice
- two times
不可說 two time,因為 time 在此必須使用複數 times。即使改成 two times as populated,文法才會成立。
故本選項錯誤。
(C) twice more populated than
此選項填入後為:
The city is twice more populated than as it used to be.
句尾形成 than as 的錯誤搭配。倍數比較應使用:
twice as populated as ...
若使用 than,則需改成其他結構,例如:
第 15 題2 分
Charles Dickens is ____.
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核心觀念
本題考查對等連接詞 not only A but also B 的用法,表示「不僅 A,而且 B」。其中 A 與 B 必須在文法結構上保持平行。
本句的主要結構是:
Charles Dickens is famous not only in England but also in America.
查爾斯・狄更斯不僅在英國很有名,在美國也很有名。
句型拆解如下:
- Charles Dickens:主詞,查爾斯・狄更斯
- is:連綴動詞
- famous:形容詞,著名的
- not only in England but also in America:修飾 famous,說明「在哪些地方著名」
其中 in England 與 in America 都是介系詞片語,結構完全平行,因此符合 not only A but also B 的要求。
解題方法
先找出句子的核心:
Charles Dickens is famous.
再判斷「在英國」與「在美國」兩個地點是否要同時納入。題意是「不僅在英國出名,也在美國出名」,因此應使用:
not only in England but also in America
完整句子為:
Charles Dickens is famous not only in England but also in America.
選項分析
(A) famous not only in England but also in America
正確。
句型為:
famous + not only in England + but also in America
其中 in England 和 in America 都是介系詞片語,彼此平行;not only 與 but also 的位置也正確。
全句意為:
查爾斯・狄更斯不僅在英國著名,在美國也很著名。
(B) not only famous in England but also in America
不選。
此選項將 not only 放在 famous 前面,使兩邊看起來成為:
famous in England
in America
左邊是「形容詞加介系詞片語」的結構,右邊只有介系詞片語,形式不完全平行。若要使用這種排列,應寫成:
Charles Dickens is not only famous in England but also famous in America.
第 16 題2 分
Little ____ that Bill has been failing all his subjects at school!
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核心觀念
本題考「否定或近似否定副詞置於句首時的倒裝句型」。
句首的 Little 表示「幾乎不知道、一點也不……」,具有近似否定的語氣。當 little 放在句首強調時,後面的主要子句必須使用部分倒裝:
本句的原本語序可理解為:
His father suspects little that Bill has been failing all his subjects at school.
強調 Little 並置於句首後,需將助動詞 does 移到主詞 his father 前面:
Little does his father suspect that Bill has been failing all his subjects at school!
題幹定位與翻譯
Little does his father suspect that Bill has been failing all his subjects at school!
翻譯為:
他父親完全沒察覺,比爾在學校所有科目都一直不及格!
其中 Little does his father suspect that... 是帶有驚訝語氣的慣用倒裝句,意義接近:
His father has little idea that...
解題方法
先找出主要子句的主詞與動詞:
- 主詞:his father
- 主要動詞:suspect
- 時態:一般現在式
由於主詞是第三人稱單數,正常句型為:
His father suspects...
但句首已有表示否定語氣的 Little,必須使用倒裝。一般現在式本身沒有助動詞,因此要加入 does:
Little + does + his father + suspect...
使用 does 後,主要動詞必須恢復原形 suspect,不可使用 suspects。
完整結構如下:
Little + does + his father + suspect + that 子句
因此選 (D)。
選項分析
(A) his father suspects
組合後為:
Little his father suspects that Bill...
此句將 Little 放在句首,卻沒有倒裝,缺少必要的助動詞 does。在本題所考的強調句型中,語序錯誤。
若不使用倒裝,應改為:
第 17 題2 分
____ better wages and working conditions.
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題幹與句意
完整句子為:
What interests the workers most is better wages and working conditions.
翻譯為:「最令工人感興趣的是更好的工資與工作條件。」
關鍵單字與片語:
- interest:使……感興趣;引起……注意
- workers:工人、勞工
- wages:工資、薪資
- working conditions:工作條件、工作環境
- better wages and working conditions:更好的工資與工作條件
核心觀念
本題考兩個重點:
- What 引導的名詞子句
- 主詞動詞一致
句型為:
What + 動詞 + 受詞 + is + 主詞補語
其中 What interests the workers most 是名詞子句,整體充當主詞,意思是:
「最令工人感興趣的事物」
可改寫為:
The thing that interests the workers most is better wages and working conditions.
雖然後面的 better wages and working conditions 含有複數名詞,但真正的主詞是前面的 What interests the workers most,而 what 子句通常視為單數,因此主要動詞要使用 is,不能使用 are。
此外,interest 作為動詞時,主詞若是第三人稱單數,必須使用 interests:
What interests the workers most …
解題方法
先找句子的真正主詞與主要動詞:
- 主詞:What interests the workers most
- 主要動詞:空格處
- 主詞補語:better wages and working conditions
再分別判斷兩個動詞:
- 在 What interests the workers most 中,what 代表「某件事物」,視為單數,因此動詞應為 interests。
- 整個 What 子句作主詞,屬於單數概念,因此後面的連綴動詞應為 is。
因此正確句子為:
What interests the workers most is better wages and working conditions.
選項分析
(A) What’s interested the workers most is
What’s 是 What is 的縮寫。代入後為:
What is interested the workers most is better wages and working conditions.
此處有兩個問題:
- interested 不是此句需要的動詞形式。題意是「某事使工人感興趣」,應使用主動語態 interests,而不是 is interested。
第 18 題2 分
That professor has a bad habit ____ with his notes while he’s giving a lecture.
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核心觀念
本題考「固定搭配: 後接動名詞的用法」。
英文中表示「有……的習慣」時,常用句型:
其中:
- habit:習慣
- of:介系詞
- 介系詞後須接名詞或動名詞,因此動詞要改成 V-ing 形式。
題幹中的 fiddle with 是固定片語,意為「不專心地擺弄、玩弄、撥弄」。
fiddle with his notes 指「擺弄他的講義或筆記」。
題幹定位與翻譯
That professor has a bad habit of fiddling with his notes while he’s giving a lecture.
翻譯:
那位教授有個壞習慣:上課講課時會一直擺弄他的筆記。
空格前為 a bad habit,空格後又接 with his notes,最自然且符合文法的結構是:
因此選 (B) of fiddling。
解題方法
先找空格前的核心名詞 habit,判斷其後的固定搭配。
「有做某事的習慣」應使用:
將 fiddle 改為動名詞 fiddling,完整結構為:
題幹中的 while he’s giving a lecture 是時間副詞子句,表示「當他正在講課時」,不影響主要句子的文法結構。
選項分析
(A) to fiddle
to fiddle 是不定詞,不能直接套入本題所需的標準搭配:
第 19 題2 分
There are many cute kitties here. You can choose ____ you like.
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核心觀念
本題考「複合關係代名詞(複合關係詞)」whichever 的用法。
句型:
choose whichever + 子句
其中 whichever 表示「無論哪一個、任何一個……的」,本身已兼具先行詞與關係代名詞的功能,因此後面可直接接完整子句:
whichever you like
你喜歡的任何一個
題幹中的定位句為:
You can choose whichever you like.
你可以選擇你喜歡的任何一個。
前文已提到有許多可愛的小貓,因此 whichever 指的是「這些小貓中的任何一隻」。
解題方法
先觀察空格後方:
____ you like
空格後的 you like 是一個子句,且 like 後面缺少受詞:
you like ____
你喜歡____
因此空格必須放入一個能在子句中充當 like 受詞的詞,同時表達「任何一個符合條件的對象」。
whichever 正好符合:
whichever you like
你喜歡的任何一個
完整句為:
There are many cute kitties here. You can choose whichever you like.
這裡有許多可愛的小貓。你可以選擇你喜歡的任何一隻。
選項分析
(A) that
that 作普通關係代名詞時,前面通常需要有先行詞,例如:
Choose the kitty that you like.
題幹空格前沒有可直接作先行詞的名詞,若填入 that,會變成:
You can choose that you like.
此句缺少明確先行詞,結構不完整;that 也沒有「無論哪一個」的意思,因此錯誤。
(B) of which
of which 是「其中的……」或「關於其中……」的關係詞片語,通常需要搭配適當的先行詞與完整結構,例如:
第 20 題2 分
David told his amah ____.
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核心觀念
本題考兩個文法重點:
- tell + 人 + to V:表示「告訴某人去做某事」。
- have + 受詞 + 過去分詞(p.p.):使役用法,表示「請人替某人做某事」或「安排某事被完成」。
題幹:
David told his amah ____.
翻譯為:「David 告訴他的傭人__。」
其中:
- amah:女傭、家傭
- shoes:鞋子
- have one’s shoes shined:請人擦鞋、使鞋子被擦亮
完整句意為:
David told his amah to have his shoes shined.
David 告訴他的傭人去請人把他的鞋子擦亮。
解題方法
先觀察空格前的動詞 told。
句型為:
因此空格開頭應使用 to + 原形動詞。四個選項中,只有 A、B、C 符合「to + 動詞」的基本形式。
接著分析:
表示「請人完成某事」:
也就是「請人把他的鞋子擦亮」。
因此完整結構為:
選項分析
(A) to have his shoes shining
have + 受詞 + V-ing 可表示使某物處於某種持續狀態,例如:
- She had the children playing outside.
她讓孩子們在外面玩。
但本題語意是「請人擦鞋」,強調的是鞋子被擦亮這個完成的動作,應使用過去分詞 shined,而不是 shining。
shining 表示「正在發亮、閃耀」,放在 his shoes 後面不能清楚表達「擦鞋」的使役語意,因此不是本題正確答案。
(B) to have his shoes shone
shone 是 shine 的過去式與過去分詞,主要用於「發光、閃耀」的意思:
- The stars shone brightly.
星星閃耀著明亮的光芒。
第 21 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Fifty years ago, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) was founded to give people the opportunity to be superheroes. Of course, the WWF doesn’t give out superhuman 21 , but it does provide a vehicle for people to work together toward the preservation of our natural world. The 22 of the WWF has always been very simple: the conservation of nature. However, the “evil forces” that are destroying the natural world have never been more complex. Climate change, industrialization, commerce and other forces are 23 to the destruction of many of Earth’s natural habitats. The WWF estimates that 150 to 200 of Earth’s species become extinct every day. Sadly, human beings are often the chief 24_. Pollution, urban development, deforestation, the illegal wildlife trade, and unwise fishing and farming 25 harm nature. Even the things we buy and waste we produce have an adverse effect on the natural world.
Choose the best answer for the missing word or phrase.
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核心觀念
本題考克漏字中的「語意搭配」與上下文判讀。空格前為:
“the WWF doesn’t give out superhuman 21”
其中 superhuman 是形容詞,意為「超人的、超乎常人的」;後面需要接一個可由組織「給予」的名詞。依語意,最自然的搭配是 superhuman powers,意為「超能力」。
題幹以「超級英雄」作為比喻:WWF 並不是真的賦予人類超能力,而是提供一個讓人們共同保護自然環境的平台。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句為:
“Of course, the WWF doesn’t give out superhuman powers, but it does provide a vehicle for people to work together toward the preservation of our natural world.”
翻譯:
當然,世界自然基金會並不會發給人們超能力,但它確實提供了一個媒介,讓人們共同努力保存我們的自然世界。
句中 give out 有「分發、發給」之意,後面接 powers 最符合語意。superhuman powers 是固定且自然的搭配,指「超人的力量、超能力」。
此外,but 連接前後兩個對比概念:
- WWF 不會給人超能力;
- WWF 能提供合作的平台與管道。
因此,空格應填入與「超級英雄能力」相關的 powers。
選項分析
(A) powers:正確。
power 可表示「力量、能力、權力」;複數 powers 在此指「能力、超能力」。superhuman powers 是自然的語意搭配,符合文章以超級英雄作為比喻的寫法。
完整句為:
the WWF doesn’t give out superhuman powers
意為:
WWF 並不會發給人們超能力。
(B) entries:錯誤。
entry 的意思是「進入、 प्रवेश項目、登錄資料、參賽作品」,複數 entries 可指「條目、報名資料、參賽作品」。superhuman entries 沒有「超能力」的意思,也不符合 give out 的語意。WWF 不會「發給人們超人的條目或參賽作品」。
(C) depths:錯誤。
第 22 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Fifty years ago, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) was founded to give people the opportunity to be superheroes. Of course, the WWF doesn’t give out superhuman 21 , but it does provide a vehicle for people to work together toward the preservation of our natural world. The 22 of the WWF has always been very simple: the conservation of nature. However, the “evil forces” that are destroying the natural world have never been more complex. Climate change, industrialization, commerce and other forces are 23 to the destruction of many of Earth’s natural habitats. The WWF estimates that 150 to 200 of Earth’s species become extinct every day. Sadly, human beings are often the chief 24_. Pollution, urban development, deforestation, the illegal wildlife trade, and unwise fishing and farming 25 harm nature. Even the things we buy and waste we produce have an adverse effect on the natural world.
Choose the best answer for the missing word or phrase.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考克漏字中的「語意判斷」與「詞義辨析」,重點是根據上下文判斷 WWF 成立後一直追求的主要目標。
關鍵句為:
The 22 of the WWF has always been very simple: the conservation of nature.
WWF 的核心__一直非常簡單:保育自然。
冒號後面的 the conservation of nature 是對前面空格內容的具體說明,因此空格應填表示「使命、宗旨、主要目標」的名詞。
解題方法
由句意可知,WWF 的宗旨就是 the conservation of nature(自然保育)。能表示組織宗旨、任務或使命的字是 mission。
完整句子為:
The mission of the WWF has always been very simple: the conservation of nature.
翻譯:
WWF 的使命一直非常簡單:保育自然。
文法上,主詞是 The mission of the WWF,核心名詞為單數的 mission,因此搭配單數動詞 has。冒號後接名詞片語,補充說明 WWF 的使命內容。
選項分析
(A) mandate:命令;授權;職責範圍
通常指由法律、政府或上級授予的正式任務或權限,例如 a government mandate(政府命令)。雖然在部分語境中可接近「任務」,但本句強調的是 WWF 的核心宗旨與長期目標,使用 mission 最自然。填入後語意不如 mission 精確。
(B) association:協會;聯合;關聯
此字可指「協會」這類組織,也可指事物之間的關聯。
第 23 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Fifty years ago, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) was founded to give people the opportunity to be superheroes. Of course, the WWF doesn’t give out superhuman 21 , but it does provide a vehicle for people to work together toward the preservation of our natural world. The 22 of the WWF has always been very simple: the conservation of nature. However, the “evil forces” that are destroying the natural world have never been more complex. Climate change, industrialization, commerce and other forces are 23 to the destruction of many of Earth’s natural habitats. The WWF estimates that 150 to 200 of Earth’s species become extinct every day. Sadly, human beings are often the chief 24_. Pollution, urban development, deforestation, the illegal wildlife trade, and unwise fishing and farming 25 harm nature. Even the things we buy and waste we produce have an adverse effect on the natural world.
Choose the best answer for the missing word or phrase.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查:
- 動詞與介系詞的固定搭配。
- 現在進行式中的分詞用法。
- 依上下文判斷因果語意。
關鍵句為:
Climate change, industrialization, commerce and other forces are contributing to the destruction of many of Earth’s natural habitats.
翻譯為:
氣候變遷、工業化、商業活動及其他力量,正促成地球許多自然棲息地的破壞。
固定搭配為 contribute to + 名詞/動名詞,表示「促成、造成一部分影響、導致」。
句中的主詞為複數名詞片語,搭配 be 動詞 are,後面應接現在分詞,形成現在進行式:
因此完整結構是:
解題方法
先觀察空格前後:
other forces are ___ to the destruction
空格前已有 are,空格後已有介系詞 to。因此最自然的結構是:
are + V-ing + to
而 contribute to 正好是表示「促成、導致」的固定搭配,且 contributing 能與 are 組成現在進行式,表示這些力量目前正持續造成自然棲息地的破壞。
代入後:
Climate change, industrialization, commerce and other forces are contributing to the destruction of many of Earth’s natural habitats.
文法與語意均正確。
選項分析
(A) cause
若代入句中:
other forces are cause to the destruction
are cause 文法不成立。cause 作動詞時,不能直接接在 are 後面;若要表達「正在造成」,應使用 are causing。此外,cause 通常直接接受詞,如:
These forces cause environmental damage.
若使用 to,可說 cause the destruction of...,不能說 cause to the destruction。
(B) contributing
正確。contribute to 是固定片語,表示「促成、導致」。在本句中使用現在進行式 are contributing to,表示氣候變遷、工業化、商業活動等因素正持續加劇自然棲息地的破壞。
(C) owing
第 24 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Fifty years ago, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) was founded to give people the opportunity to be superheroes. Of course, the WWF doesn’t give out superhuman 21 , but it does provide a vehicle for people to work together toward the preservation of our natural world. The 22 of the WWF has always been very simple: the conservation of nature. However, the “evil forces” that are destroying the natural world have never been more complex. Climate change, industrialization, commerce and other forces are 23 to the destruction of many of Earth’s natural habitats. The WWF estimates that 150 to 200 of Earth’s species become extinct every day. Sadly, human beings are often the chief 24_. Pollution, urban development, deforestation, the illegal wildlife trade, and unwise fishing and farming 25 harm nature. Even the things we buy and waste we produce have an adverse effect on the natural world.
Choose the best answer for the missing word or phrase.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考克漏字中的「語意判斷」與「篇章連貫」。解題關鍵包括:
- 由上下文判斷單字的正負面語氣。
- 掌握文章中的比喻:人們被比喻為超級英雄,而破壞自然的力量被比喻為「邪惡勢力」。
- 判斷名詞在句中的文法功能與搭配。
空格所在句為:
Sadly, human beings are often the chief 24.
其中 chief 是形容詞,意為「主要的、最重要的」,後面接複數名詞作為補語。四個選項皆為複數名詞,但只有 villains 最符合全文的比喻與語意。
關鍵單字與片語
wildlife:野生動物;野生生物foundation:成立、創立superhuman powers:超人的能力vehicle:媒介、途徑work together toward:共同朝向……努力preservation:保存、保護conservation of nature:自然保育evil forces:邪惡勢力destroy:破壞natural habitats:自然棲息地become extinct:滅絕chief:主要的、首要的pollution:污染urban development:都市開發deforestation:森林砍伐、濫伐illegal wildlife trade:非法野生動物交易adverse effect:不利影響
解題方法
先觀察題幹前文的比喻:
the WWF was founded to give people the opportunity to be superheroes
WWF 成立的目的,是讓人們有機會成為超級英雄。
接著文章寫道:
However, the “evil forces” that are destroying the natural world have never been more complex.
然而,正在破壞自然世界的「邪惡勢力」從未如此複雜。
後文進一步指出:
Sadly, human beings are often the chief 24.
可悲的是,人類往往就是主要的「反派」。
第 25 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Fifty years ago, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) was founded to give people the opportunity to be superheroes. Of course, the WWF doesn’t give out superhuman 21 , but it does provide a vehicle for people to work together toward the preservation of our natural world. The 22 of the WWF has always been very simple: the conservation of nature. However, the “evil forces” that are destroying the natural world have never been more complex. Climate change, industrialization, commerce and other forces are 23 to the destruction of many of Earth’s natural habitats. The WWF estimates that 150 to 200 of Earth’s species become extinct every day. Sadly, human beings are often the chief 24_. Pollution, urban development, deforestation, the illegal wildlife trade, and unwise fishing and farming 25 harm nature. Even the things we buy and waste we produce have an adverse effect on the natural world.
Choose the best answer for the missing word or phrase.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考克漏字中的「語意判斷」與「固定搭配」。空格位於:
Pollution, urban development, deforestation, the illegal wildlife trade, and unwise fishing and farming 25 harm nature.
句意是:「污染、都市開發、森林砍伐、非法野生動物交易,以及不當的捕魚與農業行為,都會傷害自然。」
其中 fishing and farming 修飾空格後的名詞,表示「捕魚與農業方面的……」。最自然、最符合語意的搭配是 fishing and farming practices,意為「捕魚與農業的做法/行為」。
解題方法
先判斷詞性。空格後接動詞 harm,因此空格必須填入名詞,與前面的 fishing and farming 組成名詞片語:
unwise fishing and farming practices
再根據上下文判斷語意。文章討論人類造成自然環境破壞的各種「行為或做法」,因此 practices 最符合文章主旨。
此外,整個主詞由多個項目組成:
Pollution, urban development, deforestation, the illegal wildlife trade, and unwise fishing and farming practices
主詞為複數,所以使用複數動詞 harm,文法上完全正確。
定位答案的關鍵句
Pollution, urban development, deforestation, the illegal wildlife trade, and unwise fishing and farming practices harm nature.
翻譯:
污染、都市開發、森林砍伐、非法野生動物交易,以及不當的捕魚與農業行為,都會傷害自然。
practices 在此指「實行方式、做法、行為」,尤其適合描述捕魚與農業等人類活動。
選項分析
- (A) acts:行為;法案
act 可以表示「行為」,但 fishing and farming acts 通常不表示「捕魚與農業行為」,搭配不自然。
第 26 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Anxiety can be a symptom of an underlying health issue such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, or heart arrhythmia. Abnormal and pathological anxiety or fear may 26 be a medical condition falling under the blanket term “anxiety disorder.” Such conditions came 27 the aegis of psychiatry at the end of the 19th century and current psychiatric diagnostic criteria 28 several specific forms of the disorder. Recent surveys have found that as many as 18% of Americans may be 29 by one or more of them. Standardized screening tools such as Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) can be used to 30 anxiety symptoms and suggest the need for a formal diagnostic assessment of anxiety disorder. The HAM-A measures the severity of a patient's anxiety, based on 14 parameters, including anxious mood, tension, fears, insomnia, somatic complaints and behavior at the interview.
Choose the best answer for the missing word or phrase.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「反身代名詞/強調用法」及代名詞的詞性判斷。
題幹關鍵句為:
Abnormal and pathological anxiety or fear may itself be a medical condition falling under the blanket term “anxiety disorder.”
翻譯:
異常且具病理性的焦慮或恐懼本身,可能就是一種被「焦慮症」這個概括性名詞所涵蓋的醫療狀況。
句中主詞是 abnormal and pathological anxiety or fear,空格位於情態助動詞 may 與主要動詞 be 之間:
主詞 + may + 空格 + be + 主詞補語
此處的 itself 用來強調主詞「本身」,意思是「本身就是一種醫療狀況」。
解題方法
先判斷空格的功能。句子已有完整主詞:
Abnormal and pathological anxiety or fear
因此空格不需要再放一個主詞,而是需要補充「焦慮或恐懼本身」的語意。
搭配方式為:
anxiety or fear may itself be ...
其中 itself 指回前面的單數概念 anxiety or fear,作為強調用的反身代名詞,表示「焦慮或恐懼本身」。
此外,anxiety or fear 以 or 連接兩個概念,兩者皆可視為單數概念,因此使用單數形式 itself。
選項分析
(A) it
it 是人稱代名詞,通常作主詞或受詞,不能在此處表示「本身」的強調語意。
若填入後為:
anxiety or fear may it be a medical condition
這種語序不合英文文法。因為主詞已經是 anxiety or fear,不能再在 may 後插入另一個普通代名詞 it。
因此錯誤。
(B) its
its 是所有格限定詞或所有格代名詞,意思是「它的」。作限定詞時,後面通常要接名詞,例如:
its symptoms
它的症狀
題目填入後會變成:
anxiety or fear may its be a medical condition
its 後面直接接 be,不符合所有格的用法,也無法表達「本身」的意思。
因此錯誤。
(C) itself
itself 是 it 的反身代名詞,可表示「它自己」或作強調用,表示「它本身」。
填入後:
Abnormal and pathological anxiety or fear may itself be a medical condition.
句意為:
第 27 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Anxiety can be a symptom of an underlying health issue such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, or heart arrhythmia. Abnormal and pathological anxiety or fear may 26 be a medical condition falling under the blanket term “anxiety disorder.” Such conditions came 27 the aegis of psychiatry at the end of the 19th century and current psychiatric diagnostic criteria 28 several specific forms of the disorder. Recent surveys have found that as many as 18% of Americans may be 29 by one or more of them. Standardized screening tools such as Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) can be used to 30 anxiety symptoms and suggest the need for a formal diagnostic assessment of anxiety disorder. The HAM-A measures the severity of a patient's anxiety, based on 14 parameters, including anxious mood, tension, fears, insomnia, somatic complaints and behavior at the interview.
Choose the best answer for the missing word or phrase.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考的是固定搭配與介系詞語意:
come under the aegis of + 組織/領域
意思是「受到……的保護、監督或管轄」、「歸入……的範圍」。
句中主詞 Such conditions 指前文的各種焦慮症,搭配 came under the aegis of psychiatry,表示這些疾病在 19 世紀末開始被納入精神醫學的研究與診療範疇。
其中:
- aegis:庇護、保護;引申為權威、管轄
- psychiatry:精神醫學、精神科學
- condition:疾病;健康狀況
- disorder:失調、疾病
- diagnostic criteria:診斷標準
- specific forms:特定形式、具體類型
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句為:
Such conditions came 27 the aegis of psychiatry at the end of the 19th century.
翻譯為:
這些疾病在 19 世紀末受到精神醫學的管轄/庇護。
come under the aegis of psychiatry 是固定語意搭配。此處的 under 表示「在……的權威、保護或管轄之下」,與 aegis 的詞義完全相符,因此填入 under。
完整句子為:
Such conditions came under the aegis of psychiatry at the end of the 19th century.
選項分析
(A) by
by 常表示「藉由」、「被……所做」、「在……旁邊」或「截至某時間」。例如:
- written by a doctor:由醫師所寫
- travel by train:搭火車
- by the end of the century:截至該世紀末
第 28 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Anxiety can be a symptom of an underlying health issue such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, or heart arrhythmia. Abnormal and pathological anxiety or fear may 26 be a medical condition falling under the blanket term “anxiety disorder.” Such conditions came 27 the aegis of psychiatry at the end of the 19th century and current psychiatric diagnostic criteria 28 several specific forms of the disorder. Recent surveys have found that as many as 18% of Americans may be 29 by one or more of them. Standardized screening tools such as Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) can be used to 30 anxiety symptoms and suggest the need for a formal diagnostic assessment of anxiety disorder. The HAM-A measures the severity of a patient's anxiety, based on 14 parameters, including anxious mood, tension, fears, insomnia, somatic complaints and behavior at the interview.
Choose the best answer for the missing word or phrase.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查:
- 現在簡單式的動詞形式
- 主詞與動詞的主動一致
- 語意上表達「診斷標準認定/辨認出某些形式」
關鍵句為:
current psychiatric diagnostic criteria recognize several specific forms of the disorder.
翻譯:
目前的精神科診斷標準辨認出這種疾病的幾種特定形式。
句中主詞是 current psychiatric diagnostic criteria,核心主詞為複數名詞 criteria,因此動詞使用原形 recognize。
解題方法
先找出句子的主詞與主要動詞:
- 主詞:current psychiatric diagnostic criteria
- 動詞:空格
- 受詞:several specific forms of the disorder
句意是「目前的精神科診斷標準辨認出/列出此疾病的幾種特定形式」。這是在敘述一般性的醫學分類與現行診斷狀況,應使用現在簡單式。
因為主詞 criteria 是複數,動詞不能加第三人稱單數字尾,因此填入:
recognize
完整句子為:
Such conditions came under the aegis of psychiatry at the end of the 19th century and current psychiatric diagnostic criteria recognize several specific forms of the disorder.
其中 came under the aegis of 意為「受到……的管理/管轄」,前半句描述過去的歷史發展;後半句描述目前的診斷標準,故使用現在簡單式 recognize。
選項分析
(A) recognize:正確
recognize 是動詞原形,適用於複數主詞 criteria。
句型為:
複數主詞 + 原形動詞
例如:
Diagnostic criteria recognize several forms of the disease.
診斷標準辨認出這種疾病的幾種形式。
此外,recognize 在此不是單純「認出某人」,而是「認定、辨識、列出」之意,符合醫學診斷標準的語境。
(B) recognized:錯誤
recognized 是過去式或過去分詞。
本句後半是在說「目前的精神科診斷標準」,屬於現在的通則與現況,應使用現在簡單式。若填入 recognized,會變成「目前的診斷標準辨認了……」,時態與語意不自然。
此外,句中已有前半句的過去式 came,但這不代表後半句也必須使用過去式。兩個並列子句可以使用不同時態,重點在各自表達的時間。
(C) to recognize:錯誤
第 29 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Anxiety can be a symptom of an underlying health issue such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, or heart arrhythmia. Abnormal and pathological anxiety or fear may 26 be a medical condition falling under the blanket term “anxiety disorder.” Such conditions came 27 the aegis of psychiatry at the end of the 19th century and current psychiatric diagnostic criteria 28 several specific forms of the disorder. Recent surveys have found that as many as 18% of Americans may be 29 by one or more of them. Standardized screening tools such as Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) can be used to 30 anxiety symptoms and suggest the need for a formal diagnostic assessment of anxiety disorder. The HAM-A measures the severity of a patient's anxiety, based on 14 parameters, including anxious mood, tension, fears, insomnia, somatic complaints and behavior at the interview.
Choose the best answer for the missing word or phrase.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「近義動詞辨析」與固定搭配,關鍵是判斷句中「人受到某種疾病影響」應使用哪個動詞。
句型為:
Recent surveys have found that as many as 18% of Americans may be 29 by one or more of them.
翻譯:
「近期調查發現,多達 18% 的美國人可能受到其中一種或多種疾病的影響。」
此處主詞為 Americans,表示「人受到疾病影響」,最自然的搭配是:
be affected by + 疾病/事物
受到……影響;受……作用
因此填入 affected。
解題方法
先觀察空格前後的結構:
may be ______ by one or more of them
此處是「情態助動詞 + 被動語態」:
may + be + 過去分詞 + by...
句意是「可能被其中一種或多種焦慮症影響」。四個選項皆可作過去分詞形式,因此不能只依文法判斷,必須進一步比較語意與搭配。
前文提到的 one or more of them 指的是前一句的:
several specific forms of the disorder
也就是「幾種特定形式的焦慮症」。疾病可以影響人的身心狀態,因此使用 be affected by anxiety disorders。
定位答案的關鍵句
Recent surveys have found that as many as 18% of Americans may be affected by one or more of them.
翻譯:
「近期調查發現,多達 18% 的美國人可能受到其中一種或多種焦慮症的影響。」
其中:
- as many as:多達,表示數量高於預期
- be affected by:受到……影響
- one or more of them:其中一種或多種;them 指前文的 anxiety disorders
選項分析
(A) affected 正確
affect 是動詞,意為「影響、對……產生作用」,常指疾病、環境、事件對人或事物造成影響。
常見搭配:
- be affected by stress:受到壓力影響
- be affected by climate change:受到氣候變遷影響
- be affected by anxiety disorders:受到焦慮症影響
本句主詞 Americans 是「受到影響的人」,使用被動語態 may be affected by,語意與搭配皆正確。
(B) infected 錯誤
infect 意為「使感染、傳染」,通常用於病原體、病毒、細菌或具傳染性的疾病。
例如:
- be infected with a virus:感染病毒
- be infected with bacteria:受到細菌感染
其典型介系詞是 with,而非本句的 by。此外,焦慮症通常不是以「感染」的概念表達,因此:
第 30 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Anxiety can be a symptom of an underlying health issue such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, or heart arrhythmia. Abnormal and pathological anxiety or fear may 26 be a medical condition falling under the blanket term “anxiety disorder.” Such conditions came 27 the aegis of psychiatry at the end of the 19th century and current psychiatric diagnostic criteria 28 several specific forms of the disorder. Recent surveys have found that as many as 18% of Americans may be 29 by one or more of them. Standardized screening tools such as Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) can be used to 30 anxiety symptoms and suggest the need for a formal diagnostic assessment of anxiety disorder. The HAM-A measures the severity of a patient's anxiety, based on 14 parameters, including anxious mood, tension, fears, insomnia, somatic complaints and behavior at the interview.
Choose the best answer for the missing word or phrase.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考克漏字中的「動詞搭配」與「語意判斷」。句子描述標準化篩檢工具的功能:透過量表評估病人的焦慮症狀,進一步判斷是否需要正式診斷。因此空格應填入表示「偵測、察覺」的動詞 detect。
定位答案的句子
Standardized screening tools such as Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) can be used to detect anxiety symptoms and suggest the need for a formal diagnostic assessment of anxiety disorder.
翻譯:
例如 Zung 自評焦慮量表與漢氏焦慮量表(HAM-A)等標準化篩檢工具,可用來偵測焦慮症狀,並提示是否有必要對焦慮症進行正式的診斷評估。
「篩檢工具」的主要用途是找出、辨識或偵測症狀,而不是直接治療疾病,因此 detect 最符合上下文。
解題方法
空格前為:
can be used to ______ anxiety symptoms
文法結構是:
be used to + 原形動詞
四個選項皆為原形動詞,形式上都能接在 to 後面,因此本題不能只靠文法判斷,必須比較動詞與 anxiety symptoms 的語意搭配。
句中主詞是 Standardized screening tools(標準化篩檢工具),後文又提到:
suggest the need for a formal diagnostic assessment
也就是「提示是否需要正式診斷評估」。篩檢工具先做的是發現症狀,故搭配為:
detect anxiety symptoms
偵測焦慮症狀
選項分析
- (A) treat:治療
treat anxiety symptoms 在語意上可以成立,例如「治療焦慮症狀」。然而量表是評估與篩檢工具,不具備直接治療病人的功能;句中也明確提到之後還需要 formal diagnostic assessment,顯示此處是在診斷前的偵測階段。因此 treat 不符合主詞與上下文。
- (B) attack:攻擊;襲擊
attack anxiety symptoms 不是自然的英文搭配。attack 通常用於攻擊人或事物,例如 attack an enemy,也可作名詞表示「發作」,如 `a panic attack
第 31 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
I don’t know much about studio financing models, but I do know they weren’t working for Veronica Mars. For years, the cast, fans and producers had wanted to turn our old TV show—in which I played a quippy teen detective—into a movie. But Warner Bros. would not give us the money to make it happen.
So executive producer Rob Thomas and I turned to Perry Chen’s incredible crowdfunding website, Kickstarter. The setup was fun and simple. In exchange for their pledges, we’d give fans personal prizes—a digital copy of the movie for 600 and so on. We needed 5.7 million from more than 90,000 backers.
There’s something so smart and magical about that idea—connecting consumers with creators and letting them vote with their own money. I haven’t met Perry yet, but I look forward to meeting him someday so I can thank him for his brain.
Which profession does the speaker of this short article belong to?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「人物身分判斷」與「關鍵語句定位」。解題時要從文章中的職業線索、工作內容與事件背景,判斷說話者所屬的職業領域。
文中反覆出現與電影製作及募資相關的字詞:
- studio financing models:電影公司/製片廠的融資模式
- cast:演員陣容
- producers:製片人
- turn our old TV show into a movie:把電視影集改拍成電影
- make the movie:製作這部電影
- executive producer:執行製片人
- crowdfunding:群眾募資
因此,文章主題明確集中在電影製作與電影資金募集。
解題方法
先找出說話者參與的工作,再對照選項。
最直接的定位句是:
“So executive producer Rob Thomas and I turned to Perry Chen’s incredible crowdfunding website, Kickstarter.”
翻譯為:
「因此,執行製片人 Rob Thomas 和我求助於 Perry Chen 非常出色的群眾募資網站 Kickstarter。」
這句顯示說話者與執行製片人共同為電影籌措資金。前文也提到:
“For years, the cast, fans and producers had wanted to turn our old TV show ... into a movie.”
翻譯為:
「多年來,演員陣容、影迷與製片人一直想把我們以前的電視節目改拍成電影。」
此外,說話者提到自己曾在影集中飾演一名青少年偵探:
“in which I played a quippy teen detective”
翻譯為:
「我在其中飾演一名機智風趣的青少年偵探。」
這表示說話者本身具有演員身分;但四個選項中沒有「演員」一項,文章的主要重點又是電影的製作與融資,因此應選擇最符合文章職業領域的 film production。
選項分析
(A) hedge fund management:避險基金管理
第 32 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
I don’t know much about studio financing models, but I do know they weren’t working for Veronica Mars. For years, the cast, fans and producers had wanted to turn our old TV show—in which I played a quippy teen detective—into a movie. But Warner Bros. would not give us the money to make it happen.
So executive producer Rob Thomas and I turned to Perry Chen’s incredible crowdfunding website, Kickstarter. The setup was fun and simple. In exchange for their pledges, we’d give fans personal prizes—a digital copy of the movie for 600 and so on. We needed 5.7 million from more than 90,000 backers.
There’s something so smart and magical about that idea—connecting consumers with creators and letting them vote with their own money. I haven’t met Perry yet, but I look forward to meeting him someday so I can thank him for his brain.
Who is Perry Chen?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題是閱讀理解題,考查:
- 根據文章明示資訊判斷人物身分。
- 利用關鍵句定位答案。
- 理解字彙與片語在上下文中的意義。
文章主旨是:電影《Veronica Mars》因片商不願出資,劇組改透過 Kickstarter 募資,讓影迷以贊助方式支持電影製作。
解題方法
題目問:「Who is Perry Chen?」應直接回文章中搜尋 Perry Chen 首次出現的句子:
So executive producer Rob Thomas and I turned to Perry Chen’s incredible crowdfunding website, Kickstarter.
翻譯:
因此,執行製作人 Rob Thomas 和我轉向 Perry Chen 非常出色的群眾募資網站 Kickstarter。
句中以所有格 Perry Chen’s 修飾 crowdfunding website,表示 Perry Chen 是 Kickstarter 的創辦人或創立者。文章後面又說:
I haven’t met Perry yet, but I look forward to meeting him someday so I can thank him for his brain.
翻譯:
我還沒有見過 Perry,但我期待有一天能見到他,親自感謝他的聰明才智。
這段進一步顯示 Perry Chen 是創造 Kickstarter 這個募資平台的人,因此答案為 Kickstarter 的創辦人。
選項分析
(A) The founder of Kickstarter
正確。文章明確指出 Kickstarter 是 Perry Chen 的群眾募資網站,且作者稱讚他的構想與才智。Perry Chen 是 Kickstarter 的創辦人,符合文章資訊。
(B) A 3D software engineer
錯誤。文章沒有提到 Perry Chen 從事 3D 軟體工程,也沒有任何與 3D 軟體相關的資訊。此選項屬於文章外加的身分,不能由本文推得。
(C) A studio tycoon
錯誤。studio tycoon 指「電影製片廠大亨」或「影業巨頭」。文章中的 Warner Bros. 才是被提及的電影公司;Perry Chen 的身分是群眾募資網站的創辦人,不是電影製片廠老闆。
(D) A comedian
錯誤。文章提到作者在電視劇中飾演一名機智、愛耍嘴皮子的青少年偵探:
in which I played a quippy teen detective
其中 I 指文章作者,而非 Perry Chen。Perry Chen 並未被描述為喜劇演員。
關鍵單字與片語
第 33 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
I don’t know much about studio financing models, but I do know they weren’t working for Veronica Mars. For years, the cast, fans and producers had wanted to turn our old TV show—in which I played a quippy teen detective—into a movie. But Warner Bros. would not give us the money to make it happen.
So executive producer Rob Thomas and I turned to Perry Chen’s incredible crowdfunding website, Kickstarter. The setup was fun and simple. In exchange for their pledges, we’d give fans personal prizes—a digital copy of the movie for 600 and so on. We needed 5.7 million from more than 90,000 backers.
There’s something so smart and magical about that idea—connecting consumers with creators and letting them vote with their own money. I haven’t met Perry yet, but I look forward to meeting him someday so I can thank him for his brain.
Which of the following is the best title for this short article?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查「閱讀測驗主旨與最佳標題判斷」。判斷標題時,須綜合:
- 文章主要談論的事件。
- 作者對事件的態度與評價。
- 首尾段落是否提供主旨線索。
- 選項涵蓋範圍是否過大、過小,或偏離文章重點。
本文表面上敘述電影《Veronica Mars》的募資經過,實際重點在於作者對 Kickstarter 創辦人 Perry Chen 及其群眾募資構想的讚賞。
文章重點與定位答案的句子
最能直接支持答案的句子是:
There’s something so smart and magical about that idea—connecting consumers with creators and letting them vote with their own money.
這個構想非常聰明而且神奇——它把消費者與創作者連結起來,讓消費者用自己的錢投票。
文章最後又寫道:
I haven’t met Perry yet, but I look forward to meeting him someday so I can thank him for his brain.
我還沒見過 Perry,但我期待有一天能見到他,好親口感謝他那顆聰明的腦袋。
這兩句將 Kickstarter 的募資模式形容為「聰明而神奇」,並明確把功勞歸於 Perry Chen 的創意。因此,官方答案選擇 The Magic Created by Perry Chen’s Brain,即「Perry Chen 的智慧所創造的魔法」。
解題方法
先掌握文章的發展:
- Warner Bros. 不願提供拍攝電影的資金。
- Rob Thomas 與作者改用 Kickstarter 群眾募資。
- 粉絲以捐款換取數位電影、影片訊息等回饋。
- 原本需要 $2 million,最後募得 $5.7 million,並有超過 90,000 名支持者。
- 作者讚賞這種連結消費者與創作者的創新模式,並感謝 Perry Chen 的智慧。
因此,標題不能只描述「電影夢實現」,也不能只概括「群眾募資時代」,而要抓住文章最後強調的核心:Perry Chen 的創意帶來了神奇的募資方式。
選項分析
(A) My Dream Comes True
意為「我的夢想成真」。
文章確實提到作者與劇組多年來想把電視劇拍成電影,最後也成功募得製作費。不過,這只是事件背景與結果,並非全文最主要的思想。
文章重點不在作者個人的夢想,而在 Kickstarter 的創新募資構想,以及 Perry Chen 對此構想的貢獻。因此本選項過於狹窄,且忽略文章對群眾募資模式的讚賞,錯誤。
(B) The Magic Created by Perry Chen’s Brain
意為「Perry Chen 的智慧所創造的魔法」。
此標題呼應文中兩個重要語意:
- 作者稱 Kickstarter 的構想「smart and magical」。
- 文章結尾說要感謝 Perry Chen「for his brain」。
它同時涵蓋了 Perry Chen、Kickstarter 的創新構想,以及作者的高度肯定,與文章的語氣及結尾焦點最一致。因此為正確答案。
(C) The Age of Crowdfunding
意為「群眾募資的時代」。
文章的確介紹 crowdfunding,也呈現群眾募資成功協助電影製作的例子。然而,本文篇幅短,並未全面討論群眾募資時代的發展、影響或趨勢;文章也沒有把重點放在整個產業時代的變化。
此外,標題中的 Age 帶有宏觀時代論述意味,涵蓋範圍大於本文內容。相較之下,官方答案 B 更直接呼應文章末段對 Perry Chen 的讚美,因此本選項不如 B 精確。
(D) The Rival of Hollywood
意為「好萊塢的競爭對手」。
Kickstarter 只是替《Veronica Mars》籌措電影製作費用,文章沒有主張 Kickstarter 要取代 Hollywood,也沒有比較兩者在電影產業中的競爭關係。
第 34 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
I don’t know much about studio financing models, but I do know they weren’t working for Veronica Mars. For years, the cast, fans and producers had wanted to turn our old TV show—in which I played a quippy teen detective—into a movie. But Warner Bros. would not give us the money to make it happen.
So executive producer Rob Thomas and I turned to Perry Chen’s incredible crowdfunding website, Kickstarter. The setup was fun and simple. In exchange for their pledges, we’d give fans personal prizes—a digital copy of the movie for 600 and so on. We needed 5.7 million from more than 90,000 backers.
There’s something so smart and magical about that idea—connecting consumers with creators and letting them vote with their own money. I haven’t met Perry yet, but I look forward to meeting him someday so I can thank him for his brain.
Which of the following statements is not endorsed by the passage?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題是閱讀理解中的「未獲文章支持」題。解題重點不是判斷選項在現實世界中是否正確,而是確認:
- 選項內容是否能在文章中找到直接依據。
- 選項是否加入文章沒有提到的時間、範圍或評價。
- 選項是否把單一事件過度推論成普遍結論。
題幹最後指出 Kickstarter 透過群眾募資,讓《Veronica Mars》電影獲得製作資金;文章也稱讚這種連結消費者與創作者的方式。因此,必須特別注意選項是否忠實反映文章,而非自行添加文章外的資訊。
關鍵單字與片語
- studio financing models:電影公司的融資模式
- cast:演員陣容
- producer:製作人
- turn A into B:把 A 轉變成 B
- give someone the money:提供某人資金
- executive producer:執行製作人
- crowdfunding:群眾募資
- pledge:承諾捐款;認捐金額
- in exchange for:以……作為交換
- digital copy:數位版本
- backer:支持者;贊助者
- wind up + V-ing:最後以……告終
- connect A with B:將 A 與 B 連結
- vote with one’s own money:用自己的錢表達支持或選擇
- look forward to + V-ing:期待做某事
- inventiveness:創意;創造力
- gateway to success:通往成功的門徑
文法與語意重點
- would not + 原形動詞
文中:
Warner Bros. would not give us the money to make it happen.
意為「華納兄弟不願意提供我們資金來實現這件事」。此處的 would not 表示過去對某件事不願意或拒絕。
- in exchange for + 名詞
文中:
In exchange for their pledges, we’d give fans personal prizes.
意為「作為粉絲認捐的交換,我們會給粉絲個人化的獎勵」。這說明 Kickstarter 的募資模式:支持者出資,創作者提供相對應的回饋。
- wind up + V-ing
文中:
We wound up raising
第 35 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
I don’t know much about studio financing models, but I do know they weren’t working for Veronica Mars. For years, the cast, fans and producers had wanted to turn our old TV show—in which I played a quippy teen detective—into a movie. But Warner Bros. would not give us the money to make it happen.
So executive producer Rob Thomas and I turned to Perry Chen’s incredible crowdfunding website, Kickstarter. The setup was fun and simple. In exchange for their pledges, we’d give fans personal prizes—a digital copy of the movie for 600 and so on. We needed 5.7 million from more than 90,000 backers.
There’s something so smart and magical about that idea—connecting consumers with creators and letting them vote with their own money. I haven’t met Perry yet, but I look forward to meeting him someday so I can thank him for his brain.
Which of the following statements is true?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題是閱讀理解題,重點在於:
- 掌握文章主旨與作者對群眾募資的態度。
- 辨認選項是否為原文的合理改寫。
- 排除加入原文沒有提及的資訊、過度否定或扭曲原意的選項。
文章主旨是:電影《Veronica Mars》因傳統製片公司的資金支持不足,改透過 Kickstarter 進行群眾募資,讓粉絲以承諾出資的方式支持創作者,成功籌得製作電影所需資金。
解題方法
先找出作者對 Kickstarter 的核心描述:
“There’s something so smart and magical about that idea—connecting consumers with creators and letting them vote with their own money.”
翻譯為:
「這個想法既聰明又神奇:把消費者和創作者連結起來,讓消費者用自己的錢投票。」
這句話說明 Kickstarter 的功能:讓有創意或夢想的創作者直接獲得大眾資金支持。再配合文章中的實例:
“We needed 5.7 million from more than 90,000 backers.”
翻譯為:
「我們需要 200 萬美元來製作這部電影,最後從超過 9 萬名贊助者手中籌得 570 萬美元。」
由此可知,Kickstarter 確實協助創作者籌款、實現電影計畫,因此選項 B 正確。
正確答案定位
選項 B:
“Kickstarter enables people with creative ideas to raise funds to launch their dream projects.”
翻譯為:
「Kickstarter 讓擁有創意想法的人能夠籌集資金,啟動自己的夢想計畫。」
這是對全文內容的合理統整。文章中的「creative ideas」對應作者與製作團隊想把電視影集拍成電影;「raise funds」對應籌得 570 萬美元;「launch their dream projects」則對應成功製作《Veronica Mars》電影。
選項分析
(A) Trust is not a crucial factor that makes crowdfunding possible.
「信任並不是使群眾募資成為可能的重要因素。」
錯誤。文章沒有說信任不重要,且此選項使用 “not a crucial factor” 進行強烈否定,屬於原文未支持的推論。群眾募資需要消費者相信創作者能完成計畫,也相信承諾的回饋能夠實現。原文強調的是消費者與創作者的連結,以及消費者以金錢表達支持,並未否定信任的作用。
(B) Kickstarter enables people with creative ideas to raise funds to launch their dream projects.
「Kickstarter 讓擁有創意想法的人能夠籌集資金,啟動自己的夢想計畫。」
正確。作者與 Rob Thomas 因華納兄弟不願提供資金,轉而使用 Kickstarter;最後獲得超過 9 萬名支持者,籌得 570 萬美元,成功讓電影計畫實現。此選項完整符合文章主旨。
(C) Perry Chen does not believe in people’s power.
「Perry Chen 不相信人們的力量。」
錯誤。原文對 Perry Chen 明顯持肯定態度:
“I haven’t met Perry yet, but I look forward to meeting him someday so I can thank him for his brain.”
翻譯為:
「我還沒見過 Perry,但我期待有一天能見到他,好親自感謝他的智慧。」
第 36 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Everyone’s eyelids close and open rapidly, or blink, for any number of reasons. One reason is that the eyes are protecting themselves from something that is irritating them. Another reason is that they are protecting themselves from a bright light. A third reason is that they are trying to keep themselves free from dirt and dust.
Every time you blink your eyes, you are actually crying, or producing tears. These tears keep your eyes wet. So that when an irritating substance, such as a bit of dirt, gets into your eye, your eyelids close and the tears try to wash away the dirt. A person blinks his or her eyes about 25 times per minute.
Every person has a blind spot. A blind spot is the point where you may be facing a small object and not be able to see it. The reason everyone has a blind spot is that there is one point on the retina where the optic nerve leaves your eye. No pictures or images are received because the point is not sensitive to light.
Try this experiment to find out where your blind spot is. Mark each side of this page with a visible dot. Hold this page about 12 inches in front of you.
Close your left eye and leave your right eye open. Look only at the dot on the left. Now move the page slowly toward your face, and then move it slowly away from your face. As you move it away, at a certain point the dot at the right side disappears totally. It is at that point that the dot falls exactly on your blind spot.
Just as you are either right-handed or left-handed, so are you either right-eyed or left-eyed. That means one of your eyes is stronger, or more dominant, than the other. Here’s another experiment you can do to find out which is your dominant eye. Hold a pencil vertically at arm’s length in front of you and at eye level. With both your eyes open, line up the pencil with a shelf, picture, clock or something else on the wall. First close one eye, then the other. Did the pencil stay in the same place with one eye open? Did it seem to move to the side of the other eye? Whichever eye was open when the pencil lined up with your object on the wall is your stronger, or dominant, eye.
According to the article, why do you blink your eyes?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題是英文閱讀理解,考查:
- 根據文章內容定位答案。
- 判斷選項是否完整涵蓋題幹資訊。
- 片語 for any number of reasons 的語意理解。
文章第一段直接指出,眨眼的原因包括:
- 保護眼睛免受刺激物傷害
- 保護眼睛免受強光傷害
- 保持眼睛不受泥土與灰塵影響
因此,三個單項敘述都符合文章,但只有「以上皆是」完整涵蓋所有原因。
解題方法
先回到文章第一段尋找與題目「why do you blink your eyes」相對應的句子:
One reason is that the eyes are protecting themselves from something that is irritating them. Another reason is that they are protecting themselves from a bright light. A third reason is that they are trying to keep themselves free from dirt and dust.
翻譯:
一個原因是眼睛正在保護自己,避免受到刺激物的影響。另一個原因是眼睛正在保護自己,避免受到強光照射。第三個原因是眼睛試圖保持清潔,不讓泥土與灰塵進入。
文章明確列出三項眨眼的原因:
- irritating substances:刺激性物質
- a bright light:強光
- dirt and dust:泥土與灰塵
三者分別對應選項 A、B、C,因此完整答案為 all of the above。
選項分析
(A) to protect them from dirt and dust
意思是:
保護眼睛免受泥土與灰塵影響。
文章確實提到:
they are trying to keep themselves free from dirt and dust.
此敘述本身符合文章,但只說明其中一個原因,沒有涵蓋刺激物與強光,因此作為單一完整答案不充分。
(B) to protect them from a bright light
意思是:
保護眼睛免受強光影響。
文章明確指出:
they are protecting themselves from a bright light.
此敘述也是文章所提到的原因,但只涵蓋強光一項,未包含另外兩項原因,因此不是最完整的答案。
(C) to protect themselves from irritating substances
意思是:
保護眼睛免受刺激性物質影響。
第 37 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Everyone’s eyelids close and open rapidly, or blink, for any number of reasons. One reason is that the eyes are protecting themselves from something that is irritating them. Another reason is that they are protecting themselves from a bright light. A third reason is that they are trying to keep themselves free from dirt and dust.
Every time you blink your eyes, you are actually crying, or producing tears. These tears keep your eyes wet. So that when an irritating substance, such as a bit of dirt, gets into your eye, your eyelids close and the tears try to wash away the dirt. A person blinks his or her eyes about 25 times per minute.
Every person has a blind spot. A blind spot is the point where you may be facing a small object and not be able to see it. The reason everyone has a blind spot is that there is one point on the retina where the optic nerve leaves your eye. No pictures or images are received because the point is not sensitive to light.
Try this experiment to find out where your blind spot is. Mark each side of this page with a visible dot. Hold this page about 12 inches in front of you.
Close your left eye and leave your right eye open. Look only at the dot on the left. Now move the page slowly toward your face, and then move it slowly away from your face. As you move it away, at a certain point the dot at the right side disappears totally. It is at that point that the dot falls exactly on your blind spot.
Just as you are either right-handed or left-handed, so are you either right-eyed or left-eyed. That means one of your eyes is stronger, or more dominant, than the other. Here’s another experiment you can do to find out which is your dominant eye. Hold a pencil vertically at arm’s length in front of you and at eye level. With both your eyes open, line up the pencil with a shelf, picture, clock or something else on the wall. First close one eye, then the other. Did the pencil stay in the same place with one eye open? Did it seem to move to the side of the other eye? Whichever eye was open when the pencil lined up with your object on the wall is your stronger, or dominant, eye.
The passage explains that the tears caused by blinking actually try to ____.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「關鍵資訊定位」與語意判斷。題目詢問:眨眼所產生的眼淚,實際上有什麼作用。
文章說明:
- 眨眼會產生眼淚。
- 眼淚可保持眼睛濕潤。
- 當灰塵等刺激物進入眼睛時,眼皮閉合,眼淚會將灰塵沖洗掉。
因此,正確答案是文章中明確提到的功能:沖走進入眼睛的灰塵或髒東西。
解題方法
先找出題幹中的關鍵字:
- tears:眼淚
- caused by blinking:由眨眼所造成
- wash away:沖走、洗掉
文章第二段直接提供答案:
“These tears keep your eyes wet. So that when an irritating substance, such as a bit of dirt, gets into your eye, your eyelids close and the tears try to wash away the dirt.”
翻譯:
「這些眼淚使你的眼睛保持濕潤。因此,當刺激性物質,例如一點灰塵,進入你的眼睛時,你的眼皮會閉起來,而眼淚會試圖把灰塵沖走。」
其中 wash away the dirt 與選項 wash away dirt or dust that gets into your eyes 意義完全相符,所以選 B。
關鍵單字與片語
- eyelid:眼皮
- blink:眨眼
- rapidly:快速地
- protect oneself from:保護自己免受……
- irritating:刺激性的
- bright light:強光
- dirt and dust:髒污與灰塵
- produce tears:產生眼淚
- keep your eyes wet:使眼睛保持濕潤
- substance:物質
- get into:進入
- wash away:沖走、洗掉
- blind spot:盲點
- retina:視網膜
- optic nerve:視神經
- dominant eye:優勢眼、主眼
文法與語意重點
第 38 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Everyone’s eyelids close and open rapidly, or blink, for any number of reasons. One reason is that the eyes are protecting themselves from something that is irritating them. Another reason is that they are protecting themselves from a bright light. A third reason is that they are trying to keep themselves free from dirt and dust.
Every time you blink your eyes, you are actually crying, or producing tears. These tears keep your eyes wet. So that when an irritating substance, such as a bit of dirt, gets into your eye, your eyelids close and the tears try to wash away the dirt. A person blinks his or her eyes about 25 times per minute.
Every person has a blind spot. A blind spot is the point where you may be facing a small object and not be able to see it. The reason everyone has a blind spot is that there is one point on the retina where the optic nerve leaves your eye. No pictures or images are received because the point is not sensitive to light.
Try this experiment to find out where your blind spot is. Mark each side of this page with a visible dot. Hold this page about 12 inches in front of you.
Close your left eye and leave your right eye open. Look only at the dot on the left. Now move the page slowly toward your face, and then move it slowly away from your face. As you move it away, at a certain point the dot at the right side disappears totally. It is at that point that the dot falls exactly on your blind spot.
Just as you are either right-handed or left-handed, so are you either right-eyed or left-eyed. That means one of your eyes is stronger, or more dominant, than the other. Here’s another experiment you can do to find out which is your dominant eye. Hold a pencil vertically at arm’s length in front of you and at eye level. With both your eyes open, line up the pencil with a shelf, picture, clock or something else on the wall. First close one eye, then the other. Did the pencil stay in the same place with one eye open? Did it seem to move to the side of the other eye? Whichever eye was open when the pencil lined up with your object on the wall is your stronger, or dominant, eye.
A person is either right-eyed or left-eyed, depending on which eye is ____.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查:
- 閱讀文章後的細節理解。
- 由上下文判斷代名詞與形容詞的語意。
- 重要片語 dominant eye 的意義。
文章說明每個人的左右眼之中,有一眼較具優勢,稱為較強或較主要的眼睛。這種眼睛就是 dominant eye(優勢眼、主導眼)。
題幹最後指出:
Just as you are either right-handed or left-handed, so are you either right-eyed or left-eyed.
Whichever eye was open when the pencil lined up with your object on the wall is your stronger, or dominant, eye.
翻譯:
正如你不是右撇子就是左撇子一樣,你不是右眼優勢就是左眼優勢。
當鉛筆與牆上的物體對齊時,保持睜開的那隻眼睛,就是你較強的、也就是主導的眼睛。
因此,right-eyed 或 left-eyed 是依據哪一隻眼睛較強而決定。
解題方法
空格所在句為:
A person is either right-eyed or left-eyed, depending on which eye is ____.
句意是:
一個人是右眼優勢或左眼優勢,取決於哪一隻眼睛是__的。
解題時應直接回到前文尋找對 right-eyed or left-eyed 的定義。文章明確使用:
one of your eyes is stronger, or more dominant, than the other.
以及:
your stronger, or dominant, eye
可見空格所需的形容詞是 stronger,意思是「較強的」。四個選項中,只有 stronger 能完整符合文章語意。
文法與語意重點
- depending on which eye...
depending on 表示「取決於、視……而定」。
例如:
- The answer depends on which choice you make.
答案取決於你做哪一個選擇。 - A person is right-eyed or left-eyed depending on which eye is stronger.
一個人是右眼優勢或左眼優勢,取決於哪一隻眼睛較強。
- which eye is stronger
這是由 which eye 引導的名詞子句,作為介系詞 on 的受詞。
- which eye:哪一隻眼睛
- is stronger:較強
第 39 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Everyone’s eyelids close and open rapidly, or blink, for any number of reasons. One reason is that the eyes are protecting themselves from something that is irritating them. Another reason is that they are protecting themselves from a bright light. A third reason is that they are trying to keep themselves free from dirt and dust.
Every time you blink your eyes, you are actually crying, or producing tears. These tears keep your eyes wet. So that when an irritating substance, such as a bit of dirt, gets into your eye, your eyelids close and the tears try to wash away the dirt. A person blinks his or her eyes about 25 times per minute.
Every person has a blind spot. A blind spot is the point where you may be facing a small object and not be able to see it. The reason everyone has a blind spot is that there is one point on the retina where the optic nerve leaves your eye. No pictures or images are received because the point is not sensitive to light.
Try this experiment to find out where your blind spot is. Mark each side of this page with a visible dot. Hold this page about 12 inches in front of you.
Close your left eye and leave your right eye open. Look only at the dot on the left. Now move the page slowly toward your face, and then move it slowly away from your face. As you move it away, at a certain point the dot at the right side disappears totally. It is at that point that the dot falls exactly on your blind spot.
Just as you are either right-handed or left-handed, so are you either right-eyed or left-eyed. That means one of your eyes is stronger, or more dominant, than the other. Here’s another experiment you can do to find out which is your dominant eye. Hold a pencil vertically at arm’s length in front of you and at eye level. With both your eyes open, line up the pencil with a shelf, picture, clock or something else on the wall. First close one eye, then the other. Did the pencil stay in the same place with one eye open? Did it seem to move to the side of the other eye? Whichever eye was open when the pencil lined up with your object on the wall is your stronger, or dominant, eye.
A blind spot is that point on the retina which is ____.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解、關鍵句定位,以及眼睛構造相關的英文語意。
文章定義 blind spot(盲點):視網膜上視神經離開眼球的位置。由於該處對光線不敏感,因此無法接收影像。
關鍵單字與片語
- blind spot:盲點
- retina:視網膜
- optic nerve:視神經
- leave your eye:離開眼球
- sensitive to light:對光線敏感
- image / picture:影像
- receive:接收
- defective:有缺陷的
- fully developed:充分發育的、完整發展的
解題方法
本題可直接尋找文章中對 blind spot 的定義。定位到以下句子:
“No pictures or images are received because the point is not sensitive to light.”
翻譯為:
「由於該點對光線不敏感,所以它無法接收任何圖像或影像。」
題目問:
A blind spot is that point on the retina which is ____.
意思是:
「盲點是視網膜上哪一種點?」
文章明確指出該位置 is not sensitive to light,因此答案為 (C)。
文法上,題幹中的 which 引導關係子句,修飾前面的 that point on the retina:
- that point on the retina:視網膜上的那個點
- which is not sensitive to light:對光線不敏感的
完整語意是「視網膜上對光線不敏感的那個點」。
選項分析
(A) defective
第 40 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Everyone’s eyelids close and open rapidly, or blink, for any number of reasons. One reason is that the eyes are protecting themselves from something that is irritating them. Another reason is that they are protecting themselves from a bright light. A third reason is that they are trying to keep themselves free from dirt and dust.
Every time you blink your eyes, you are actually crying, or producing tears. These tears keep your eyes wet. So that when an irritating substance, such as a bit of dirt, gets into your eye, your eyelids close and the tears try to wash away the dirt. A person blinks his or her eyes about 25 times per minute.
Every person has a blind spot. A blind spot is the point where you may be facing a small object and not be able to see it. The reason everyone has a blind spot is that there is one point on the retina where the optic nerve leaves your eye. No pictures or images are received because the point is not sensitive to light.
Try this experiment to find out where your blind spot is. Mark each side of this page with a visible dot. Hold this page about 12 inches in front of you.
Close your left eye and leave your right eye open. Look only at the dot on the left. Now move the page slowly toward your face, and then move it slowly away from your face. As you move it away, at a certain point the dot at the right side disappears totally. It is at that point that the dot falls exactly on your blind spot.
Just as you are either right-handed or left-handed, so are you either right-eyed or left-eyed. That means one of your eyes is stronger, or more dominant, than the other. Here’s another experiment you can do to find out which is your dominant eye. Hold a pencil vertically at arm’s length in front of you and at eye level. With both your eyes open, line up the pencil with a shelf, picture, clock or something else on the wall. First close one eye, then the other. Did the pencil stay in the same place with one eye open? Did it seem to move to the side of the other eye? Whichever eye was open when the pencil lined up with your object on the wall is your stronger, or dominant, eye.
The main purpose of the article is to ____.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀測驗中的「文章主旨判斷」。解題重點不是尋找單一細節,而是判斷全文反覆說明的中心思想。
本文介紹眼睛的幾項功能與現象:
- 眨眼:保護眼睛、避免強光刺激,並清除灰塵。
- 流淚:使眼睛保持濕潤,並沖走異物。
- 盲點:視網膜上視神經離開眼球的位置,因不感光而無法形成影像。
- 優勢眼:一隻眼睛比另一隻眼睛更具主導性。
因此,文章目的在於透過生活化的說明與實驗,幫助讀者了解眼睛如何運作,並進一步欣賞眼睛的功能。
解題方法
判斷主旨時,應採取「整合全文」的方法:
- 觀察文章涵蓋的內容範圍。
- 找出各段共同圍繞的主題。
- 排除只涉及單一段落、單一構造或單一活動的選項。
本文並非只討論視神經、盲點,亦非單純要求讀者進行實驗,而是先說明眨眼、流淚、盲點與優勢眼等現象,再安排實驗讓讀者親自觀察。這些內容共同指向「認識眼睛的功能」。
定位主旨的關鍵句是:
“The main purpose of the article is to ____.”
全文前段說明眨眼與流淚的作用,中段解釋盲點的形成,後段介紹優勢眼。這些資訊合併後,最符合的概括是「使讀者更加了解並欣賞眼睛如何運作」。
關鍵單字與片語
- eyelid:眼瞼
- blink:眨眼;快速閉合與張開眼睛
- protect oneself from:保護自己免受……
- irritating:造成刺激的;令人不適的
- bright light:強光
- dirt and dust:泥土與灰塵
- produce tears:產生眼淚
- keep the eyes wet:使眼睛保持濕潤
- irritating substance:刺激性物質
- wash away:沖走;洗去
- blind spot:盲點
- retina:視網膜
- optic nerve:視神經
- sensitive to light:對光敏感
- disappear totally:完全消失
- dominant eye:優勢眼;主導眼
- line up A with B:使 A 與 B 對齊
- at arm’s length:在手臂伸直的距離
- at eye level:與眼睛同高
語意與文法重點
- 文章大量使用因果關係:
“The reason everyone has a blind spot is that there is one point on the retina where the optic nerve leaves your eye.”
意思是:「每個人都有盲點的原因,在於視網膜上有一個視神經離開眼球的位置。」
句型為:
用來說明某種現象的原因。
- 文章也使用目的與結果概念:
“These tears keep your eyes wet.”
意思是:「這些眼淚使你的眼睛保持濕潤。」
“The eyelids close and the tears try to wash away the dirt.”
意思是:「眼瞼閉合,眼淚試圖把灰塵沖走。」
這些句子直接說明眼睛的保護機制。
- “Just as you are either right-handed or left-handed, so are you either right-eyed or left-eyed.”
意思是:「正如你不是右撇子就是左撇子,你也不是右眼具優勢就是左眼具優勢。」
第 Composition 題20 分
Express your ideas in no more than 250 words.
On Organic Farming
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查英文議論文寫作,主題為「有機農業」。內容須涵蓋:
- 定義:不依賴合成農藥、化學肥料及基因改造技術。
- 優點:保護土壤、水源與生態系,降低農藥殘留。
- 限制:成本較高、產量可能較低、價格較昂貴。
- 立場:提出平衡且明確的個人看法。
解題方法
採用「定義—優點—限制—結論」四段式架構。開頭先界定 organic farming,再說明環境效益;第二段補充實際困難;結尾提出支持但須兼顧生產效率的立場。此種寫法論點完整,能避免只列優點而缺乏深度。
題目沒有提供閱讀文章,因此沒有可定位的原文答案句。考生須自行建立中心句,例如:
Organic farming is an important way to protect the environment, although it also faces several challenges.
有機農業是保護環境的重要方式,雖然它也面臨若干挑戰。
關鍵單字與片語
- organic farming:有機農業
- synthetic pesticides:合成農藥
- chemical fertilizers:化學肥料
- genetically modified crops:基因改造作物
- soil fertility:土壤肥力
- biodiversity:生物多樣性
- pesticide residues:農藥殘留
- labor-intensive:勞力密集的
- sustainable:永續的
- strike a balance:取得平衡
文法與語意重點
- 使用現在式說明普遍事實:Organic farming reduces pollution.
- 使用 although 引導讓步子句,使文章具備正反論證。
- 使用 not only A but also B 增加句型變化。
- organic 不等於「完全沒有任何風險」,文章須避免過度絕對化。
- 結論應重申立場,不宜加入與主題無關的個人經驗。
參考作文(約 190 字)
Organic farming is a method of producing food without relying heavily on synthetic pesticides, chemical fertilizers, or genetically modified crops. It emphasizes natural processes and aims to protect the health of soil, water, animals, and human beings.