慈濟大學 104 年 《英文》

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第 1 題2 分

The patient spent the night in the _____ care unit after the operation because of her critical condition.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查醫學領域常見固定搭配(Collocation)與情境字彙。
題幹描述病患在手術(operation)後因情況危急(critical condition)而留宿於特定照護單位,考點在於辨識醫療專有名詞「加護病房」(Intensive Care Unit, ICU)的慣用搭配詞。


題幹翻譯與解析

原句:The patient spent the night in the intensive care unit after the operation because of her critical condition.
中譯:由於病情危急,該病患在手術後於加護病房度過了這一夜。

  • 關鍵字詞解析:
  • operation (n.):手術
  • critical condition (n.):危急狀況、病危狀態
  • care unit (n.):照護單位/病房
  • intensive care unit (ICU) (n.):加護病房

解題方法

  1. 抓取語境線索:由「after the operation」(手術後)及「critical condition」(危急狀況)可知,病患需要的是密切且密集監控的醫療照護。
  2. 鎖定固定詞組:英文中「加護病房」的標準醫學術語為 intensive care unit(縮寫為 ICU),其中形容詞 intensive 表「密集的、強化的」。因此空格填入 intensive 最符合專業慣用語及上下文邏輯。

選項分析

  • (A) intensive(正確)
  • 詞性/字義:形容詞,意為「密集的、加強的、深入的」。
  • 分析:與後方的 care unit 構成複合名詞 intensive care unit (ICU),專指提供重症或術後危急病患全面密集監護的「加護病房」,完全切合題幹「critical
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第 2 題2 分

The hotel prides itself on _____ a high service standard, which has been praised by customers for over 50 years.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗重點為字彙語意辨析與動賓搭配詞(Collocation)。
題幹主要句型為片語 pride oneself on + V-ing/N(以……自豪),空格處需填入一個及物動詞的動名詞形式,其後接受詞 a high service standard(高服務標準)。解題核心在於辨識何者能與「服務標準(service standard)」合理搭配,並呼應後文「被顧客讚許超過50年(has been praised by customers for over 50 years)」的語境。


解題方法

  1. 分析句子結構與語境:
  • 題幹前半句:The hotel prides itself on _____ a high service standard(這間飯店以_____高服務標準為榮)。
  • 題幹後半句(關係子句修飾):, which has been praised by customers for over 50 years.(這項服務標準已受到顧客讚譽超過50年)。
  1. 尋找搭配邏輯:
  • 受詞為「高標準(a high standard)」,且持續時間長達「50多年(over 50 years)」。
  • 與「標準」最自然的動詞搭配為「維持、保持(maintain)」,且「維持高標準」正能合理解釋為何長達50年來持續受到顧客好評。因此 (D) maintaining 最符合語意與搭配。

選項分析

  • (A) lecturing

  • 字義:講課、演講;訓斥(動詞原型:lecture)。

  • 剖析:lecture 後面通常接「對象(某人)」或搭配介係詞 on/about 指涉講授主題(例:lecture on history)。將「高服務標準」作為受詞,在文意上為「訓斥/向標準說教」,語意不通且無此搭配。

  • (B) launching

  • 字義:發起、發行、推出(新產品/活動);發射(動詞原型:launch)。

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第 3 題2 分

The hotel has its own pool and leisure _____, including play rooms for children and fitness rooms for adults.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查名詞語意辨析與常見固定搭配詞(Collocation),同時測試考生對「抽象活動」與「具體硬體設施」名詞分類的精確掌握。

  • 關鍵搭配詞:leisure facilities(休閒設施)。
  • 語境線索:句尾的同位語修飾 including play rooms for children and fitness rooms for adults(包含兒童遊戲室與成人健身房)以及前方的 pool(泳池),皆屬於實體建築空間或硬體設備,空格處必須填入能涵蓋這些實體場所的統稱名詞。

解題方法

  1. 分析題幹結構:

"The hotel has its own pool and leisure , including play rooms for children and fitness rooms for adults."
(這間飯店擁有自己的泳池與休閒
,包括兒童遊戲室和成人健身房。)

  1. 尋找語境錨點:
  • 句中的 pool(游泳池)、play rooms(遊戲室)、fitness rooms(健身房)全都是具體的「場所/硬體設施」。
  • 空格前的修飾詞為 leisure(休閒的),兩者結合需要表示「休閒設施」的概念。
  1. 比對選項詞義與用法:
  • (A) pastimes 和 (B) activities 偏向動態的「行為/活動/消遣」,不能用來統稱實體的「房間(rooms)」或「泳池(pool)」。
  • (C) facilities 專指「設施、設備、場所」,與 leisure facilities 構成最自然且標準的英文搭配,亦能完美包含後方的各類 rooms。
  • (D) elections 語義完全不符。

因此,選 (C) 為唯一合乎語意與搭配的答案。


選項分析

  • (A) pastimes(消遣、娛樂愛好):【錯誤】

  • 詞義:名詞,指休閒時所從事的喜好或消遣活動(如閱讀、下棋、集郵等),等同於 hobbies。

  • 錯誤原因:本字指涉的是「行為/活動本身」,而非實體的建築物或活動空間。題幹中的 play rooms 與 fitness rooms 是具體空間,不能說「房間是消遣」。

  • (B) activities(活動):【錯誤】

  • 詞義:名詞,指進行的具體行動、事件或課程(如 yoga activities、outdoor activities)。

  • 錯誤原因:此為常見誘答選項。

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第 4 題2 分

The movie star is famous for always keeping a low _____. He doesn’t want much public attention to his personal life.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查固定搭配與語意判斷。片語 keep a low profile 指「保持低調、不引人注意」,常用來描述名人、政治人物或公眾人物避免受到過多關注的行為。

  • keep a low profile:保持低調
  • public attention:公眾注意、社會大眾的關注
  • personal life:個人生活

題幹中的 a low _____ 是名詞片語,空格需填入能與 low 搭配,並且符合「不想受到太多公眾關注」語意的名詞。

解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句是:

The movie star is famous for always keeping a low _____.
He doesn’t want much public attention to his personal life.

翻譯:

這位電影明星以總是保持低調而聞名。
他不希望自己的私人生活受到太多公眾關注。

第二句直接解釋第一句的語意:這位明星不想受到太多注意,因此第一句應填入表示「公開曝光程度、知名度或受關注程度」的 profile,形成固定片語:

keep a low profile
保持低調、不張揚

因此答案為 (B) profile。

選項分析

(A) portrait

portrait 是名詞,意為「肖像、畫像、人物照片」。

  • a low portrait 不是表示「保持低調」的固定搭配。
  • portrait 指的是人物的圖像,與「不希望個人生活受到公眾關注」的語意無關。

因此錯誤。

(B) profile

profile 原意可指「側面輪廓、人物簡介」,在新聞與社會語境中也可表示一個人的「知名度、曝光程度或公眾形象」。

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第 5 題2 分

The generous benefactor wished to remain _____, so no one knew who made the donation.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 關鍵單字辨義。
  2. 動詞 remain + 形容詞 的用法。
  3. 依據後半句語意判斷前後因果。

句型為:

The generous benefactor wished to remain _____, so no one knew who made the donation.
慷慨的捐助者希望保持 _____,因此沒有人知道是誰捐了這筆款項。

捐助者希望不讓人知道身分,最適合的形容詞是 anonymous,意為「匿名的、不具名的」。


解題方法

先觀察關鍵線索:

no one knew who made the donation
沒有人知道是誰捐了這筆款項。

這表示捐款者刻意隱藏姓名或身分,因此前句應填入表示「匿名、不具名」的形容詞。

此外,remain 是連綴動詞,後面可接形容詞,表示「維持某種狀態」:

  • remain anonymous:保持匿名
  • remain calm:保持冷靜
  • remain silent:保持沉默
  • remain unknown:維持未知狀態

因此完整句意為:

The generous benefactor wished to remain anonymous, so no one knew who made the donation.
慷慨的捐助者希望保持匿名,因此沒有人知道是誰捐了這筆款項。


選項分析

(A) anonymous 匿名的、不具名的

正確。remain anonymous 是常見搭配,表示「保持匿名、不公開身分」。後面的 no one knew who made the donation 正好說明捐助者的身分未被揭露,與題意完全吻合。

(B) unique 獨特的、唯一的

錯誤。unique 表示「獨特的、與眾不同的」,例如:

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第 6 題2 分

That ____ specializes in both amphibian animals and alpine plants.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「職業/研究領域字義辨析」與句意判讀。

題幹中的關鍵資訊是:

  • amphibian animals:兩棲動物
  • alpine plants:高山植物
  • specialize in:專門研究、專精於……
  • both A and B:A 和 B 兩者都……

句意表示:這位研究者同時專門研究兩棲動物與高山植物,因此需要使用涵蓋動物學與植物學的廣義學科名稱。

解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句為:

That ____ specializes in both amphibian animals and alpine plants.
那位__同時專門研究兩棲動物與高山植物。

判斷步驟如下:

  1. amphibian animals 屬於動物研究範圍。
  2. alpine plants 屬於植物研究範圍。
  3. 題幹使用 both A and B,表示研究對象同時包含動物與植物。
  4. 能同時涵蓋動物與植物研究的專業名稱是 biologist,即「生物學家」。

因此,正確答案為 (D) biologist。

選項分析

(A) anthropologist:人類學家

Anthropology 研究人類的起源、文化、社會、語言與生活方式。題幹研究的是兩棲動物和高山植物,並非人類,因此不符合語意。

(B) zoologist:動物學家

Zoologist 專門研究動物,包括動物的分類、構造、生理、行為與演化。兩棲動物確實屬於 zoologist 的研究範圍,但題幹還提到 alpine plants。單指動物學家無法完整涵蓋植物研究,因此不是最佳答案。

(C) botanist:植物學家

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第 7 題2 分

The Himalayas present more problems for mountain climbers than the Rocky Mountains do because they are at a higher ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「字形相近字辨義」以及地理語意判斷。句意指出:喜馬拉雅山比落磯山脈更難攀登,原因是喜馬拉雅山的「海拔」較高。因此空格應填表示「海拔、高度」的名詞 altitude。

題幹關鍵句:

The Himalayas present more problems for mountain climbers than the Rocky Mountains do because they are at a higher altitude.

翻譯:

喜馬拉雅山為登山者帶來的問題比落磯山脈更多,因為它們的海拔較高。

其中:

  • present problems for someone:給某人帶來問題
  • mountain climbers:登山者
  • than the Rocky Mountains do:比落磯山脈所造成的問題更多
  • be at a higher altitude:處於較高的海拔

解題方法

先觀察空格前的搭配:

at a higher ____

介系詞 at 後面需要接名詞,而語意上「山脈位於較高的……」最合理的是「海拔高度」。

完整片語為:

be at a higher altitude
位於較高的海拔

因此答案為 altitude。

此外,句中的 they 指前面的 The Himalayas,也就是喜馬拉雅山脈。喜馬拉雅山脈平均高度及最高峰高度都高於落磯山脈,因此高海拔會帶來低氧、低溫、氣候變化劇烈等登山困難,符合整句語意。

選項分析

(A) aptitude

aptitude 是「才能、天資、適性」,通常指某人學習或從事某項工作的能力。

例:

She has an aptitude for languages.
她具有語言天分。

「山脈位於較高的才能」語意不通,因此錯誤。

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第 8 題2 分

Nurses work in different ____ so that there is always someone ready to help the patients.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「職場情境單字」與語意判斷,關鍵在於理解:

  • shift:輪班;班次
  • work in different shifts:在不同班別工作、輪班工作
  • so that:因此、以便,表示結果或目的
  • there is always someone ready to help...:總是有人準備好協助……

護士採取輪班制度,才能確保任何時間都有護理人員可以照顧病患。

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句:

Nurses work in different ____ so that there is always someone ready to help the patients.

翻譯:

護士在不同的__工作,因此總是有人準備好幫助病患。

「在不同的班別工作」最自然的英文搭配是 work in different shifts,故空格應填 shifts。

解題方法

先觀察空格前的 different 與空格後的語意:

work in different ____
在不同的__工作

主詞是 Nurses,情境是醫院照護病患。醫院需要全天候提供照護,因此護士會分成早班、晚班、夜班等不同班別,採取輪班制度。

完整句為:

Nurses work in different shifts so that there is always someone ready to help the patients.

意思是:

護士在不同班別輪班工作,以確保總是有人可以協助病患。

選項分析

(A) shifts(班次;輪班)

正確。shift 作名詞時可指工作班次或輪班時段,例如:

  • morning shift:早班
  • night shift:夜班
  • work in shifts:輪班工作

different shifts 表示「不同的班別」,符合醫院必須持續有人值班的情境。

(B) condensers(冷凝器;聚光器)

錯誤。condenser 通常指將氣體冷凝成液體的裝置,也可指某些光學或電子設備中的元件,複數為 condensers。

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第 9 題2 分

According to memory experts, the use of mnemonics can help one _____ the information received.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與「固定搭配」。句型為:

According to memory experts, the use of mnemonics can help one _____ the information received.
根據記憶專家的說法,使用記憶術可以幫助一個人_____所接收到的資訊。

其中:

  • mnemonics:記憶術、助憶法
  • information received:所接收到的資訊
  • help one + 原形動詞:幫助某人做某事

四個選項放入句中,在文法上都可接在 help one 後面,因此關鍵在於判斷哪個動詞最符合「記憶術」的功能。

記憶術的作用是幫助人把資訊記住、保留在記憶中,因此應選 retain。

解題方法

先抓住主詞與語意核心:

the use of mnemonics can help one _____ the information received

「使用記憶術」的目的,是協助學習者保留、記住已接收的資訊。因此空格應填入表示「保留、記住」的動詞。

retain information 是自然且常見的搭配,意為「保留資訊、記住資訊」。

完整句意為:

根據記憶專家的說法,使用記憶術可以幫助一個人保留所接收到的資訊。

選項分析

(A) distain

distain 並非本題所需的常用字。若題目原意是容易混淆的 disdain,其意思是「鄙視、蔑視」,與記憶術的功能完全不合:

  • disdain information:鄙視資訊
  • 記憶術不會幫助人「鄙視資訊」

因此錯誤。另須注意,正確常見拼法為 disdain,不是本選項的 distain。

(B) attain

attain 意為「達到、取得、獲得」,通常用於達成目標、得到成就或取得某種狀態,例如:

  • attain a goal:達成目標
  • attain success:獲得成功
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第 10 題2 分

Whenever my poodles got sick, I would take them to see a(n) _____ right away.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查醫療相關職業名稱的字義辨析,以及上下文語意判斷。

題幹中的關鍵線索是 poodles,意為「貴賓狗」,屬於動物。因此,帶生病的貴賓狗就醫,應找專門診治動物的醫師,即 veterinarian。

題幹定位與翻譯

Whenever my poodles got sick, I would take them to see a(n) _____ right away.

翻譯:

每當我的貴賓狗生病時,我就會立刻帶牠們去看獸醫。

其中:

  • whenever:每當……時
  • get sick:生病
  • take A to see B:帶 A 去看 B
  • right away:立刻、馬上
  • poodle:貴賓狗
  • veterinarian:獸醫

文法與語意重點

句型 Whenever + 過去式,主詞 + would + 原形動詞,可用來表示過去反覆發生的習慣。

本句中:

  • Whenever my poodles got sick:每當我的貴賓狗生病時
  • I would take them...:我就會帶牠們……

空格位於 see a(n) _____ 之後,需要填入一個表示「醫療專業人員」的名詞。由於就醫對象是狗,答案必須符合「治療動物」的語意。

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第 11 題2 分

The professor is filing charges of ____ against the writer who took several pages from her book and reprinted them as his own work.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「學術誠信與法律語境相關詞彙」之精確語意與搭配用法。題幹透過關係子句描述了具體的侵害行為(未經授權引用他人著作並當作自己的作品),考生須依據前後文的語意脈絡,選出對應該行為的精準名詞。


解題方法

  1. 文意結構分析:
  • 題幹主句:The professor is filing charges of ____ against the writer...(這位教授正對該作家提出……的指控)。
  • 關係子句修飾先行詞 the writer:...who took several pages from her book and reprinted them as his own work.(該作家從教授的書中抄錄了數頁,並當作自己的作品重新印行)。
  1. 語境線索對應:
  • 「把他人書中的內容拿走,並偽稱是自己的作品出版」(took several pages... and reprinted them as his own work),在定義上屬於典型的「抄襲、剽竊」行為。
  • 與動詞片語 file charges of + [罪名/指控事項] 搭配時,空格處應填入指涉「抄襲、剽竊」的名詞,故 (B) plagiarism 最為合適。

題幹翻譯與關鍵單字片語

  • 題幹全句翻譯:
    「這位教授正對該名作家提出抄襲的指控,因為該作家從她的書中擷取了數頁,並將其當作自己的著作重新印行。」
  • 關鍵單字與片語:
  • file charges of [crime] against [someone]:對某人提出……罪名的指控/控告
  • reprint (v.):翻印、重新印行
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第 12 題2 分

Hanging a national flag outside your house is one way to show your ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗名詞字彙辨析與前後文語意邏輯搭配。考生須掌握常見以 -ism 結尾之抽象名詞詞義,並結合字首、字根分析(如 patri- 表「父親、祖國」)以快速辨識生詞意涵。

解題方法

  1. 題幹分析與定位:
  • 原文:Hanging a national flag outside your house is one way to show your ____.
  • 中譯:「在屋子外面懸掛國旗是展現你的____的一種方式。」
  • 結構解析:動名詞短語 Hanging a national flag outside your house 為全句主詞;is 為連繫動詞;one way to show your ____ 為主詞補語。
  1. 語意邏輯推導:
    關鍵線索在於「懸掛國旗(hanging a national flag)」,此行為最直接對應的情感表現為「愛國心/愛國主義(patriotism)」,故應選 (C)。

選項分析

  • (A) capitalism(名詞)

  • 字義:資本主義。

  • 詞源剖析:capital(資本、資金)+ -ism(主義、制度)。

  • 錯誤原因:指以私人所有制、自由市場機制為基礎的經濟制度,與在住宅外懸掛國旗所象徵的情感無直接邏輯關聯。

  • (B) mechanism(名詞)

  • 字義:機制、機械結構、運作途徑。

  • 詞源剖析:源於希臘語 mēkhanē(機器),引申為事物運作的系統或心理機制(如 defense mechanism 防衛機制)。

  • 錯誤原因:掛國旗是一種外顯行為,並非展現抽象的「運作機制」或「機械構造」,語意不符。

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第 13 題2 分

____ people are very determined and do not give up easily when they try to achieve something.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「形容詞詞彙語意與英文字首字根辨析」。題幹為標準的英英字典定義式句型,測驗考生能否根據後方修飾語「意志堅定、不輕言放棄(very determined and do not give up easily)」的語境線索,精確選出對應性格特徵的高階形容詞。


題幹翻譯與語境定位

  • 題幹原文:

“____ people are very determined and do not give up easily when they try to achieve something.”

  • 中文翻譯:

「______的人意志非常堅定,在努力達成某個目標時不會輕易放棄。」

  • 定位線索:
    句中的兩個關鍵線索為 “very determined”(非常堅定的)與 “do not give up easily”(不輕易放棄),兩者皆指向「堅持不懈、頑強、百折不撓」的語意特質。

解題方法

  1. 語意對應法:
    分析題幹核心修飾語:determined(堅定的)+not give up easily(不輕易放棄)  ⟹  「堅韌不拔的、固執堅持的」\text{determined(堅定的)} + \text{not give up easily(不輕易放棄)} \implies \text{「堅韌不拔的、固執堅持的」}。
  2. 詞彙比對:
    將四個以常見字尾 -ious 結尾的性格形容詞逐一帶入檢驗,只有 (A) Tenacious 與題幹定義完全重合。

選項分析

  • (A) Tenacious(正確)

  • 詞性與字義:形容詞,意為「堅持不懈的、堅忍不拔的、頑強的;緊握不放的」。

  • 英英釋義:Holding fast; persistent, stubborn, or obstinate; unwilling to accept defeat or give up.

  • 解析:源自拉丁文 tenere(握住、保持)。形容人能夠在逆境或挑戰中堅持到底、不輕言放棄,與題幹中的 “very determined and do not give up easily” 語意完全一致,為正確答案。

  • (B) Conscientious(錯誤)

  • 詞性與字義:形容詞,意為「認真盡責的、小心謹慎的、有責任感的」。

  • 英英釋義:Guided by or in accordance with conscience; diligent and painstaking.

  • 解析:源自 conscience(良心)。

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第 14 題2 分

A(n) ____ will be performed to determine whether the lump is malignant or benign.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查醫學英文單字及語意辨析,關鍵在於判斷「為了確認腫塊是惡性或良性」所進行的醫療檢查。

題幹:

A(n) ____ will be performed to determine whether the lump is malignant or benign.

翻譯:

將進行一項 ____,以判定這個腫塊是惡性還是良性。

其中:

  • lump:腫塊
  • malignant:惡性的,通常指癌性腫瘤
  • benign:良性的,非癌性
  • determine whether A or B:判定 A 或 B
  • be performed:被執行、接受檢查或進行

要判定腫塊的性質,通常必須取得腫塊組織,交由病理學檢查,觀察細胞形態及組織結構。因此應選 biopsy。

解題方法

先抓住題幹的目的片語:

determine whether the lump is malignant or benign

「判定腫塊是惡性或良性」是腫瘤診斷的典型情境。此時需要進行 biopsy(活體組織切片檢查),即從活著的病人身上取得少量組織,送病理檢驗,以判斷是否具有癌細胞或其他異常變化。

文法上,空格前的 A(n) 表示空格應填入一個可數名詞單數。四個選項皆符合名詞形式,因此必須依照醫學語意判斷。

選項分析

(A) transplant

transplant 是「移植;移植物」,指將器官、組織或細胞移到另一個部位或另一個人體內,例如:

  • kidney transplant:腎臟移植
  • bone marrow transplant:骨髓移植

移植的目的在於治療器官衰竭或組織損傷,不是用來判定腫塊為惡性或良性。因此不合題意。

(B) biopsy

biopsy 是「活體組織切片檢查;活體組織檢查」,指從活體取得組織或細胞,進行顯微鏡及病理分析。

腫塊是否為惡性,必須透過組織切片觀察細胞是否具有癌化特徵;因此:

A biopsy will be performed to determine whether the lump is malignant or benign

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第 15 題2 分

An interesting fact about the Nobel Prize is that it’s not customary for someone to receive the award ____; that is, Nobel Prize winners must still be alive at the time when the awards are announced.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨識」與「副詞在語境中的語意搭配」。

題幹指出:諾貝爾獎得主在獎項公布時「必須仍然活著」。因此,空格應填入表示「死後、逝世後」的副詞,形成「死後接受獎項」的意思。

關鍵單字如下:

  • customary:慣例的、通常的
  • receive the award:接受該獎項
  • posthumously:死後地、逝世後地
  • lethally:致命地
  • compulsorily:強制地、必然地
  • invulnerably:不受傷害地、無懈可擊地
  • at the time when the awards are announced:獎項公布時

解題方法

先定位題幹中直接提示答案的句子:

Nobel Prize winners must still be alive at the time when the awards are announced.
諾貝爾獎得主在獎項公布時仍必須在世。

既然得主在獎項公布時必須活著,表示諾貝爾獎通常不會在得主死亡後才頒發。因此前句應為:

It’s not customary for someone to receive the award posthumously.
通常不會有人在死後才獲頒該獎項。

句型為:

It is customary for someone to + 動詞

表示「某人通常會……」。本題使用否定形式:

It is not customary for someone to receive the award posthumously.

其中 posthumously 修飾 receive the award,表示「在死後接受獎項」。

選項分析

(A) lethally

lethally 意為「致命地」,通常用來描述某種行為或事物會造成死亡,例如「致命地攻擊」。

若填入題幹:

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第 16 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The kimono is a traditional Japanese dress. In modern days, it is worn only sparingly or during special ____ such as weddings, tea ceremonies, formal traditional events and funerals. A kimono of a particular style and color is to be worn depending on the occasion and the person's age and marital status. Men's kimonos usually have more subdued colors and are made typically from matte fabrics. Partly for this reason, it is the women's kimonos ____ generate more interest because their beautiful designs make them art pieces as much as they are garments. The women's kimonos are traditionally made of silk, ____ these days they are also made of polyester. Decoration techniques include embroidery, yuzen painting and dyeing.

The price of a kimono can range from around 10,000 yen for a simple set ____ of cheap fabric to millions of yen for a luxurious silk outfit with intricate embroidery or yuzen designs. The outfit is accompanied by traditional footwear and a small handbag for women. When buying kimonos, take into account that maintenance is an issue unless you are not planning on ever wearing them. Silk kimonos are difficult to clean and washing without the proper methods might ____ damaging the garment. Kimonos of polyester material are easier to clean, but you should always check with the merchant the appropriate ways of maintaining them.

  1. In modern days, the kimono is worn only sparingly or during special ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「固定搭配」。空格前有 special,後文列舉 weddings、tea ceremonies、formal traditional events、funerals,表示「特殊場合」,最自然的搭配是:

special occasions = 特殊場合

其中 occasion 為可數名詞,前面有 special,且文章列舉多種場合,因此使用複數形 occasions。

解題方法

定位題幹第一段:

In modern days, it is worn only sparingly or during special ____ such as weddings, tea ceremonies, formal traditional events and funerals.

翻譯:

現代,和服只偶爾穿著,或是在特殊場合穿著,例如婚禮、茶道儀式、正式傳統活動及葬禮。

空格後的 such as 引出多個例子,內容都是「場合」,因此空格應填 occasions。

完整句為:

In modern days, it is worn only sparingly or during special occasions.

意思是:

現代,和服只偶爾穿著,或是在特殊場合穿著。

選項分析

(A) misconceptions

意為「錯誤觀念、誤解」。
special misconceptions 是「特殊誤解」,與婚禮、茶道儀式、葬禮等例子不合,語意不成立。

(B) occasions

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第 17 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The kimono is a traditional Japanese dress. In modern days, it is worn only sparingly or during special occasions such as weddings, tea ceremonies, formal traditional events and funerals. A kimono of a particular style and color is to be worn depending on the occasion and the person's age and marital status. Men's kimonos usually have more subdued colors and are made typically from matte fabrics. Partly for this reason, it is the women's kimonos ____ generate more interest because their beautiful designs make them art pieces as much as they are garments. The women's kimonos are traditionally made of silk, but these days they are also made of polyester. Decoration techniques include embroidery, yuzen painting and dyeing.

The price of a kimono can range from around 10,000 yen for a simple set made of cheap fabric to millions of yen for a luxurious silk outfit with intricate embroidery or yuzen designs. The outfit is accompanied by traditional footwear and a small handbag for women. When buying kimonos, take into account that maintenance is an issue unless you are not planning on ever wearing them. Silk kimonos are difficult to clean and washing without the proper methods might result in damaging the garment. Kimonos of polyester material are easier to clean, but you should always check with the merchant the appropriate ways of maintaining them.

  1. Partly for this reason, it is the women's kimonos ____ generate more interest.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念:強調句型 It is ... that ...

本題考查英文的「分裂句/強調句型」(cleft sentence):

It is + 被強調部分 + that/who + 其餘句子

基本句型可還原為:

The women’s kimonos generate more interest.

若要強調主詞 the women’s kimonos,便改寫為:

It is the women’s kimonos that generate more interest.

因此空格應填入引導強調子句的 that。

題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句為:

Partly for this reason, it is the women's kimonos ____ generate more interest because their beautiful designs make them art pieces as much as they are garments.

翻譯:

部分也是因為這個原因,女性和服受到較多關注,因為它們美麗的設計使其不僅是服裝,也同樣具有藝術品的價值。

句中的 it is the women’s kimonos that generate more interest 是強調句,強調「女性和服」這個主詞。

解題方法

先找主要語意:

The women’s kimonos generate more interest.

句子的主詞是複數名詞 the women’s kimonos,動詞使用複數形 generate。

將主詞移入強調句型:

It is the women’s kimonos that generate more interest.

所以空格位置需要的是強調句型中的連接詞 that。

其中:

  • it is:強調句型的形式主詞結構
  • the women’s kimonos:被強調的主詞
  • that generate more interest:強調子句
  • because...:說明女性和服受到關注的原因

選項分析

(A) who

Who 通常用於指人的關係代名詞,例如:

The woman who designed the kimono is famous.

本句被強調的是物品 the women’s kimonos,不是人,因此不使用 who。此外,正式英文的強調句在此應使用 that。

(B) what

What 可表示「……的事物」,本身已包含先行詞的功能,例如:

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第 18 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The kimono is a traditional Japanese dress. In modern days, it is worn only sparingly or during special occasions such as weddings, tea ceremonies, formal traditional events and funerals. A kimono of a particular style and color is to be worn depending on the occasion and the person's age and marital status. Men's kimonos usually have more subdued colors and are made typically from matte fabrics. Partly for this reason, it is the women's kimonos that generate more interest because their beautiful designs make them art pieces as much as they are garments. The women's kimonos are traditionally made of silk, ____ these days they are also made of polyester. Decoration techniques include embroidery, yuzen painting and dyeing.

The price of a kimono can range from around 10,000 yen for a simple set made of cheap fabric to millions of yen for a luxurious silk outfit with intricate embroidery or yuzen designs. The outfit is accompanied by traditional footwear and a small handbag for women. When buying kimonos, take into account that maintenance is an issue unless you are not planning on ever wearing them. Silk kimonos are difficult to clean and washing without the proper methods might result in damaging the garment. Kimonos of polyester material are easier to clean, but you should always check with the merchant the appropriate ways of maintaining them.

  1. The women's kimonos are traditionally made of silk, ____ these days they are also made of polyester.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「對等連接詞」與上下文語意。

句中前後兩部分皆為完整子句:

  • The women's kimonos are traditionally made of silk.
  • these days they are also made of polyester.

前句表示「傳統上以絲綢製成」,後句表示「現在也以聚酯纖維製成」,兩者形成「傳統情況」與「現代情況」的對比,因此需要表示轉折的對等連接詞 but。

定位答案的關鍵句

The women's kimonos are traditionally made of silk, but these days they are also made of polyester.

翻譯:

女性和服傳統上以絲綢製成,但如今也以聚酯纖維製成。

其中:

  • traditionally:傳統上
  • be made of:由……製成,成品仍保有原材料的主要特質
  • silk:絲綢
  • these days:如今、現今
  • also:也
  • polyester:聚酯纖維

解題方法

  1. 先觀察空格前後的結構。逗號前後各有主詞與動詞,都是完整子句。
  2. 再判斷兩子句的邏輯關係。
  3. 前句說傳統上使用絲綢,後句說現代也使用聚酯纖維;「傳統」與「如今」構成時間上的對照,語意上也帶有轉折。
  4. 因此選擇表示「但是」的 but。

完整句為:

The women's kimonos are traditionally made of silk, but these days they are also made of polyester.

選項分析

(A) but

but 表示「但是、然而」,用來連接具有對比或轉折關係的兩個子句。

本句中,傳統和服主要使用絲綢,現代則也使用聚酯纖維,前後內容形成對比,文法與語意皆正確。

(B) if

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第 19 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The kimono is a traditional Japanese dress. In modern days, it is worn only sparingly or during special occasions such as weddings, tea ceremonies, formal traditional events and funerals. A kimono of a particular style and color is to be worn depending on the occasion and the person's age and marital status. Men's kimonos usually have more subdued colors and are made typically from matte fabrics. Partly for this reason, it is the women's kimonos that generate more interest because their beautiful designs make them art pieces as much as they are garments. The women's kimonos are traditionally made of silk, but these days they are also made of polyester. Decoration techniques include embroidery, yuzen painting and dyeing.

The price of a kimono can range from around 10,000 yen for a simple set ____ of cheap fabric to millions of yen for a luxurious silk outfit with intricate embroidery or yuzen designs. The outfit is accompanied by traditional footwear and a small handbag for women. When buying kimonos, take into account that maintenance is an issue unless you are not planning on ever wearing them. Silk kimonos are difficult to clean and washing without the proper methods might result in damaging the garment. Kimonos of polyester material are easier to clean, but you should always check with the merchant the appropriate ways of maintaining them.

  1. The price of a kimono can range from around 10,000 yen for a simple set ____ of cheap fabric.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 分詞片語作後位修飾語。
  2. be made of+材料 表示「由……製成」。
  3. range from A to B 表示「範圍從 A 到 B」。

空格位於名詞片語 a simple set ____ of cheap fabric 中,應填入過去分詞 made,形成:

a simple set made of cheap fabric

完整結構相當於:

a simple set which is made of cheap fabric

意思是「一套由廉價布料製成的簡單套裝」。


定位答案的原文與翻譯

題幹原文:

The price of a kimono can range from around 10,000 yen for a simple set made of cheap fabric to millions of yen for a luxurious silk outfit with intricate embroidery or yuzen designs.

翻譯:

和服的價格範圍很廣:由廉價布料製成的簡單套裝,價格約可從 10,000 日圓起;帶有精細刺繡或友禪圖案的豪華絲綢套裝,價格則可高達數百萬日圓。

其中:

  • a simple set:一套簡單的套裝
  • made of cheap fabric:由廉價布料製成
  • to millions of yen:到數百萬日圓

解題方法

先找出空格所修飾的名詞:

a simple set ____ of cheap fabric

of cheap fabric 是材料片語,表示「由廉價布料製成」。英文固定用法是:

be made of+材料

由於 a simple set 是「被製成」的物品,與 make 之間是被動關係,因此使用過去分詞 made。

完整句型為:

a simple set [which is made of cheap fabric]

關係代名詞子句 which is made of cheap fabric 簡化後,省略 which is,留下過去分詞:

a simple set made of cheap fabric

因此選 (C) made。


選項分析

(A) to make

to make 是不定詞,通常表示目的、結果或尚未發生的動作,例如:

I bought fabric to make a kimono.
我買布料來製作和服。

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第 20 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The kimono is a traditional Japanese dress. In modern days, it is worn only sparingly or during special occasions such as weddings, tea ceremonies, formal traditional events and funerals. A kimono of a particular style and color is to be worn depending on the occasion and the person's age and marital status. Men's kimonos usually have more subdued colors and are made typically from matte fabrics. Partly for this reason, it is the women's kimonos that generate more interest because their beautiful designs make them art pieces as much as they are garments. The women's kimonos are traditionally made of silk, but these days they are also made of polyester. Decoration techniques include embroidery, yuzen painting and dyeing.

The price of a kimono can range from around 10,000 yen for a simple set made of cheap fabric to millions of yen for a luxurious silk outfit with intricate embroidery or yuzen designs. The outfit is accompanied by traditional footwear and a small handbag for women. When buying kimonos, take into account that maintenance is an issue unless you are not planning on ever wearing them. Silk kimonos are difficult to clean and washing without the proper methods might ____ damaging the garment. Kimonos of polyester material are easier to clean, but you should always check with the merchant the appropriate ways of maintaining them.

  1. Silk kimonos are difficult to clean and washing without the proper methods might ____ damaging the garment.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查片語搭配與語意判斷,重點是:

  • result in + 名詞/動名詞(V-ing):導致、造成……
  • 句中空格後接 damaging,為動名詞,因此需選能接「V-ing」且符合「造成損害」語意的片語。
  • might 表示「可能會」,後面接原形動詞。

句型為:

washing without the proper methods might result in damaging the garment.

意思是:「沒有使用適當的方法清洗,可能會導致衣物受損。」

解題方法

先觀察空格後的結構:

____ damaging the garment

空格後的 damaging 是動名詞,表示「損害這件衣物」這件事。接著依語意判斷,主詞是「不當清洗」,其結果是「造成衣物損壞」。

因此應使用:

result in + V-ing
導致、造成……

完整句子:

Silk kimonos are difficult to clean and washing without the proper methods might result in damaging the garment.

翻譯:

絲質和服很難清潔,若未使用適當的方法清洗,可能會導致衣物受損。

選項分析

(A) depend on

  • 意思是「依賴、取決於」。
  • 常見用法為 depend on + 名詞/代名詞/疑問詞子句。
  • 例如:The price depends on the material.
    「價格取決於材質。」
  • 放入句中成為 depend on damaging the garment,意思接近「取決於損害衣物」,語意不通,因此錯誤。

(B) give up

  • 意思是「放棄、停止」。
  • 常見用法為 give up + 名詞/V-ing。
  • 例如:He gave up smoking.
    「他戒菸了。」
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第 21 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Lao Tzu is credited as the father of Daoism. His major work, Dao De Jing, in contrast to the Confucius’ teaching, represents ____ of the two dominant schools of Chinese philosophy. Its concerns are broad, dealing with personal spirituality, ethics, politics, and metaphysics. ____ the Confucian Analects focuses on social relations, Dao De Jing is more concerned with how life should be perceived by the individuals. Moreover its style is often indirect and the approach mystical.

Dao De Jing is written in two parts, the Book of Virtue (De Jing), dealing with politics and ethics, and the Book of Way (Dao Jing), ____ with metaphysics. “Dao” refers to the governing principle of life and the universe. It is the natural working of things. Dao De Jing states that we cannot grasp Dao using the language and that the ineffability of the subject matter may account for some of the difficulties in interpretation. If we attempt to ____ Dao by exercising our intellect, we are bound to fail. Indeed, thinking is the cause of all problems and any human striving is counter-productive. Rather, we should ____ the pursuit of goals and allow Dao to “flow through” us. This approach to life, known as wu-wei, or “nonstriving,” is the key to living in tune with Dao.

  1. His major work, Dao De Jing, in contrast to the Confucius’ teaching, represents ____ of the two dominant schools of Chinese philosophy.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗代名詞的用法與句構分析(代名詞作動詞受詞,搭配「of + 特定複數名詞」的數量結構)。

  • 「one of + 複數名詞」結構:表示「……之一」,其中 one 作為不定代名詞,在此處充當及物動詞 represents 的直接受詞。
  • 句構完整性檢驗:原句已具備完整的主詞、插入語與及物動詞,空格處需要一個可直接作及物動詞受詞且與後方介系詞片語 of the two dominant schools... 語意相符的受詞。

題目語境與關鍵定位句解析

  • 定位句:

"His major work, Dao De Jing, in contrast to the Confucius’ teaching, represents one of the two dominant schools of Chinese philosophy."

  • 中文翻譯:

「他的代表作《道德經》,與孔子的教義形成對比,代表了中國哲學兩大主流學派中的其中之一。」

  • 句子結構拆解:
  • 主詞 (S):His major work
  • 同位語:, Dao De Jing,
  • 插入語(介系詞片語):, in contrast to the Confucius’ teaching,
  • 及物動詞 (V):represents
  • 受詞 (O):____ of the two dominant schools of Chinese philosophy

選項分析

  • (A) one(正確)
    one 可作為不定代名詞,代指特定群體中的「其中一個」。後方接 of the two dominant schools(兩大主流學派),構成「one of the + 複數名詞」的常見標準句型,文法結構完整,語意完全通順。

  • (B) which(錯誤)
    which 為關係代名詞或疑問代名詞。

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第 22 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Lao Tzu is credited as the father of Daoism. His major work, Dao De Jing, in contrast to the Confucius’ teaching, represents one of the two dominant schools of Chinese philosophy. Its concerns are broad, dealing with personal spirituality, ethics, politics, and metaphysics. ____ the Confucian Analects focuses on social relations, Dao De Jing is more concerned with how life should be perceived by the individuals. Moreover its style is often indirect and the approach mystical.

Dao De Jing is written in two parts, the Book of Virtue (De Jing), dealing with politics and ethics, and the Book of Way (Dao Jing), dealing with metaphysics. “Dao” refers to the governing principle of life and the universe. It is the natural working of things. Dao De Jing states that we cannot grasp Dao using the language and that the ineffability of the subject matter may account for some of the difficulties in interpretation. If we attempt to comprehend Dao by exercising our intellect, we are bound to fail. Indeed, thinking is the cause of all problems and any human striving is counter-productive. Rather, we should abandon the pursuit of goals and allow Dao to “flow through” us. This approach to life, known as wu-wei, or “nonstriving,” is the key to living in tune with Dao.

  1. ____ the Confucian Analects focuses on social relations, Dao De Jing is more concerned with how life should be perceived by the individuals.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查**副詞連接詞(Adverbial Conjunctions)**的語意邏輯判斷。句型為從屬子句連接兩個對等的獨立命題,考生須依據前後兩句的語意關係(對比、條件、時間或因果),選擇符合文意脈絡的連接詞。


解題方法

  1. 分析句子結構與語法功能:
    原句結構為:
    [ ____ the Confucian Analects focuses on social relations ], [ Dao De Jing is more concerned with how life should be perceived by the individuals ].
    空格處位於句首,引導一個副詞子句,後接主要子句,空格必須填入一個從屬連接詞。

  2. 剖析語意邏輯關係:

  • 前半句(從屬子句):儒家經典《論語》(the Confucian Analects)聚焦於「社會關係」(social relations)。
  • 後半句(主要子句):道家經典《道德經》(Dao De Jing)更關注於「個人如何看待生命」(how life should be perceived by the individuals)。
  • 兩者將「儒家的群體社會導向」與「道家的個體生命感知導向」進行平行對比(Contrast)。
  • 連接詞 While 可表「雖然、然而、而」(= whereas / although),常用於引導表示兩事物對照、對比的子句,完全符合語意邏輯。

原文定位與翻譯

  • 題幹原文:

“While the Confucian Analects focuses on social relations, Dao De Jing is more concerned with how life should be perceived by the individuals.”

  • 中文翻譯:

「然而(雖然)《論語》著重於社會人際關係,《道德經》則更關注個體應如何看待生命。」


選項分析

  • (A) Unless(除非;如果不……)
  • 錯誤。引導表「反面條件」的條件副詞子句(相當於 if... not)。代入後語意變為「除非《論語》著重於社會關係,否則《道德經》更關注個體……」,前後無條件與結果的邏輯關係,不合文意。
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第 23 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Lao Tzu is credited as the father of Daoism. His major work, Dao De Jing, in contrast to the Confucius’ teaching, represents one of the two dominant schools of Chinese philosophy. Its concerns are broad, dealing with personal spirituality, ethics, politics, and metaphysics. While the Confucian Analects focuses on social relations, Dao De Jing is more concerned with how life should be perceived by the individuals. Moreover its style is often indirect and the approach mystical.

Dao De Jing is written in two parts, the Book of Virtue (De Jing), dealing with politics and ethics, and the Book of Way (Dao Jing), ____ with metaphysics. “Dao” refers to the governing principle of life and the universe. It is the natural working of things. Dao De Jing states that we cannot grasp Dao using the language and that the ineffability of the subject matter may account for some of the difficulties in interpretation. If we attempt to comprehend Dao by exercising our intellect, we are bound to fail. Indeed, thinking is the cause of all problems and any human striving is counter-productive. Rather, we should abandon the pursuit of goals and allow Dao to “flow through” us. This approach to life, known as wu-wei, or “nonstriving,” is the key to living in tune with Dao.

  1. The Book of Way (Dao Jing), ____ with metaphysics.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗句型結構分析能力,特別是**「平行對等結構(Parallel Structure)」與「分詞片語作後位修飾語(Participle Phrase as Post-modifier)」**的用法。

在句型分析中,需回歸文章完整句子的骨幹:

“Dao De Jing is written in two parts, [the Book of Virtue (De Jing), dealing with politics and ethics], and [the Book of Way (Dao Jing), ____ with metaphysics].”

整句的核心主詞為 Dao De Jing,主要動詞為 is written。介系詞片語 in two parts 後方由逗號引導兩個對等的「同位語(Appositives)」,分別說明兩部分的名稱及內容:

  1. 第一個同位語:the Book of Virtue (De Jing), dealing with politics and ethics
  2. 對等連接詞:and
  3. 第二個同位語:the Book of Way (Dao Jing), ____ with metaphysics

根據對等連接詞 and 的平行對稱原則,前後兩組名詞同位語後的修飾成分結構必須一致。


解題方法

  1. 分析全句骨幹與層次:
  • 主要子句:Dao De Jing is written in two parts...(《道德經》分為兩部分……)
  • 後方承接由 and 連接的兩個並列同位語名詞片語(Noun Phrases in Apposition):
  • 部份一:the Book of Virtue (De Jing)
  • 部份二:the Book of Way (Dao Jing)
  1. 對等結構比對:
  • 部份一使用了現在分詞片語 dealing with politics and ethics(主動修飾 the Book of Virtue,即「探討政治與倫理」)。
  • 部份二的結構為 the Book of Way (Dao Jing), [ _____ with metaphysics ]。在此平行結構下,必須同樣使用現在分詞片語 dealing with metaphysics 來修飾 the Book of Way,表達「探討形上學」。
  1. 分詞片語的還原:
  • dealing with... 可視為關係子句簡化(形容詞子句省略):
  • 原句:which deals with metaphysics
  • 省略主格關代 which,動詞 deals 為主動語態,轉為現在分詞 dealing。

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第 24 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Lao Tzu is credited as the father of Daoism. His major work, Dao De Jing, in contrast to the Confucius’ teaching, represents one of the two dominant schools of Chinese philosophy. Its concerns are broad, dealing with personal spirituality, ethics, politics, and metaphysics. While the Confucian Analects focuses on social relations, Dao De Jing is more concerned with how life should be perceived by the individuals. Moreover its style is often indirect and the approach mystical.

Dao De Jing is written in two parts, the Book of Virtue (De Jing), dealing with politics and ethics, and the Book of Way (Dao Jing), dealing with metaphysics. “Dao” refers to the governing principle of life and the universe. It is the natural working of things. Dao De Jing states that we cannot grasp Dao using the language and that the ineffability of the subject matter may account for some of the difficulties in interpretation. If we attempt to ____ Dao by exercising our intellect, we are bound to fail. Indeed, thinking is the cause of all problems and any human striving is counter-productive. Rather, we should ____ the pursuit of goals and allow Dao to “flow through” us. This approach to life, known as wu-wei, or “nonstriving,” is the key to living in tune with Dao.

  1. If we attempt to ____ Dao by exercising our intellect, we are bound to fail.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「上下文語意」。句中描述人若試圖運用理智去理解 Dao,必然失敗,因此空格需要填入表示「理解、領會」的動詞。

關鍵句為:

If we attempt to comprehend Dao by exercising our intellect, we are bound to fail.
如果我們試圖運用理智來理解「道」,必然會失敗。

解題方法

先觀察句型:

  • attempt to + 原形動詞:試圖做某事
  • by + V-ing:藉由某種方式
  • be bound to + 原形動詞:必然、一定會……

句意是「運用理智來對 Dao 做某種認知行為」,而後文指出 Dao 無法用語言掌握,且思考是問題的根源,因此空格應填入「理解、掌握」之意。

comprehend 表示「理解、充分了解」,最符合語意。

選項分析

(A) appoint

意為「任命、指定」。例如:

  • appoint someone as chairman:任命某人為主席

appoint Dao 會變成「任命 Dao」,與運用理智理解哲學概念的語境不合。

(B) comprehend

意為「理解、領會、充分了解」。comprehend Dao 表示「理解道」,符合句意與上下文。文章接著說 Dao 無法透過語言掌握,正好呼應「試圖理解 Dao 卻必然失敗」。

(C) compress

意為「壓縮、壓緊」。例如:

  • compress a file:壓縮檔案
  • compress the data:壓縮資料
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第 25 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Lao Tzu is credited as the father of Daoism. His major work, Dao De Jing, in contrast to the Confucius’ teaching, represents one of the two dominant schools of Chinese philosophy. Its concerns are broad, dealing with personal spirituality, ethics, politics, and metaphysics. While the Confucian Analects focuses on social relations, Dao De Jing is more concerned with how life should be perceived by the individuals. Moreover its style is often indirect and the approach mystical.

Dao De Jing is written in two parts, the Book of Virtue (De Jing), dealing with politics and ethics, and the Book of Way (Dao Jing), dealing with metaphysics. “Dao” refers to the governing principle of life and the universe. It is the natural working of things. Dao De Jing states that we cannot grasp Dao using the language and that the ineffability of the subject matter may account for some of the difficulties in interpretation. If we attempt to comprehend Dao by exercising our intellect, we are bound to fail. Indeed, thinking is the cause of all problems and any human striving is counter-productive. Rather, we should ____ the pursuit of goals and allow Dao to “flow through” us. This approach to life, known as wu-wei, or “nonstriving,” is the key to living in tune with Dao.

  1. Rather, we should ____ the pursuit of goals and allow Dao to “flow through” us.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 克漏字的上下文語意判斷。
  2. 動詞與受詞的搭配。
  3. 道家思想中「無為」(wu-wei, nonstriving)的概念。

題幹指出,若人類試圖以理智掌握「道」,必然失敗;思考與人為追求反而會造成問題。因此,人應放下對目標的追逐,順應「道」的自然運行。

定位答案的關鍵句

題幹前文寫道:

Indeed, thinking is the cause of all problems and any human striving is counter-productive.
的確,思考是一切問題的根源,而人類任何形式的努力追求都會產生反效果。

接著說:

Rather, we should ____ the pursuit of goals and allow Dao to “flow through” us.
相反地,我們應該__對目標的追求,讓「道」流經我們自身。

前後文以 Rather 表示轉折,前句批評 human striving,後句應選擇「放棄、拋開」之意,才能符合道家的「無為」思想。因此答案為 abandon。

解題方法

先觀察句型:

should + 原形動詞 + the pursuit of goals

四個選項皆可作動詞原形,因此不能只靠文法形式排除,必須依照語意與搭配判斷。

「the pursuit of goals」意為「對目標的追求」。能與此受詞自然搭配,且符合「nonstriving」概念的動詞是 abandon,意思是「放棄、拋棄」。

完整句意為:

Rather, we should abandon the pursuit of goals and allow Dao to “flow through” us.
相反地,我們應放棄對目標的追求,讓「道」流經我們。

選項分析

(A) aspire

aspire 意為「渴望、立志」,通常搭配:

  • aspire to success:渴望成功
  • aspire to become a doctor:立志成為醫師

此字表示積極追求某種目標,與道家「無為」及前文所說的 human striving is counter-productive 意義相反。此外,英文通常說 aspire to + 名詞/動名詞,不說 aspire the pursuit of goals。故錯誤。

(B) ascend

ascend 意為「上升、攀登、登上」,可指實際位置上升,也可作比喻使用,例如:

  • ascend the stairs:登上樓梯
  • ascend to the throne:登上王位
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第 26 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Supermarket retailers have strategies to make sure that your visit for a loaf of bread turns into $200 worth of groceries. To save money and beat supermarkets at their own game, learn some insider tips provided by industry analysts and store employees.

The first shopping secret is not to think that you’re getting a better deal when you buy in bulk. In the produce department, for example, individual peppers are almost always cheaper than those in the multi-packs and loose avocados are usually cheaper than the ones grouped in mesh bags. Second, insiders will attest to the fact that there’s very little difference in the deli section between what’s been pre-packaged and what is sliced fresh. A lot of times, it’s the exact same product. But you’re paying more per kilo just to have it sliced for you. Third, in a supermarket, the “buy one, get the second one 50% off” discount is not a good deal – that’s only 25% off each. Instead, wait – almost everything is reduced to 50% at some point. Moreover, don’t buy something in bulk just because it’s on sale. The ten-for-$10 promotion is one of the most misleading. This is what stores do to get volume out the door – some have even raised the unit price to do so. Always check the unit price first. And last, don’t assume that products displayed at the end of an aisle are automatically good deals. Often, they are not. The end areas are usually rented by companies trying to promote products, which may not be bargains at all.

  1. What is the passage mainly about?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「閱讀測驗主旨判斷」。解題重點不是尋找某一個細節,而是統整全文反覆出現的核心訊息。

文章說明超市常利用促銷、包裝與陳列方式影響消費者,並提出數項省錢購物建議,包括:

  • 不要以為大量購買一定比較便宜。
  • 預先包裝的食品不一定比現切食品划算。
  • 「買一送一件五折」實際上等於每件平均七五折。
  • 不要因為特價或「十件十美元」就盲目大量購買。
  • 走道末端陳列的商品不一定是優惠商品。

因此,全文主旨是「提供消費者超市購物技巧」,而非只討論其中一種促銷方式。

解題方法

判斷主旨時,先找文章開頭的總說句,再觀察後文是否都在支持這個方向。

關鍵句為:

To save money and beat supermarkets at their own game, learn some insider tips provided by industry analysts and store employees.

翻譯:

若要省錢並在超市的銷售策略中占上風,就應該學習產業分析師和店員提供的內幕購物技巧。

接著,第二段以 The first shopping secret、Second、Third、Moreover、And last 依序列出多項購物秘訣。這些細節共同指向「超市購物省錢建議」,所以正確主旨應選能涵蓋全文的選項。

文法與語意重點

  1. turn A into B

make sure that your visit for a loaf of bread turns into $200 worth of groceries

意為「確保原本只買一條麵包的購物行程,最後變成購買價值兩百美元的雜貨」。

其中 turn into 是「變成」,不是單純的「轉身」。

  1. buy in bulk

意為「大量購買、批量購買」。

文章提醒大量購買不必然比較便宜,應比較單位價格。

  1. what’s been pre-packaged

這是名詞子句,指「已經預先包裝好的東西」;其中 has been pre-packaged 是現在完成式被動語態。

  1. buy one, get the second one 50% off

意為「買一件,第二件五折」。若兩件原價相同:

第一件支付 100%,第二件支付 50%,總共支付原價的 150%。平均每件支付:

150%2=75%\frac{150\%}{2}=75\%

所以整體折扣是 25%,而不是每件五折。

  1. just because ...

don’t buy something in bulk just because it’s on sale

意為「不要只是因為某樣商品特價,就大量購買」。just because 在此表示「僅僅因為」。

  1. the end of an aisle

意為「走道末端」。文章指出走道末端的商品常是廠商付費租用陳列位置,並不代表商品一定便宜。

關鍵單字與片語

  • supermarket retailer:超市零售商
  • strategy:策略
  • a loaf of bread:一條麵包
  • grocery:雜貨;食品雜貨
  • insider tip:內幕訣竅、業內秘訣
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第 27 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Supermarket retailers have strategies to make sure that your visit for a loaf of bread turns into $200 worth of groceries. To save money and beat supermarkets at their own game, learn some insider tips provided by industry analysts and store employees.

The first shopping secret is not to think that you’re getting a better deal when you buy in bulk. In the produce department, for example, individual peppers are almost always cheaper than those in the multi-packs and loose avocados are usually cheaper than the ones grouped in mesh bags. Second, insiders will attest to the fact that there’s very little difference in the deli section between what’s been pre-packaged and what is sliced fresh. A lot of times, it’s the exact same product. But you’re paying more per kilo just to have it sliced for you. Third, in a supermarket, the “buy one, get the second one 50% off” discount is not a good deal – that’s only 25% off each. Instead, wait – almost everything is reduced to 50% at some point. Moreover, don’t buy something in bulk just because it’s on sale. The ten-for-$10 promotion is one of the most misleading. This is what stores do to get volume out the door – some have even raised the unit price to do so. Always check the unit price first. And last, don’t assume that products displayed at the end of an aisle are automatically good deals. Often, they are not. The end areas are usually rented by companies trying to promote products, which may not be bargains at all.

  1. According to the passage, which of the following is considered smart grocery shopping?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 閱讀理解與細節定位
  2. 折扣的實際計算
  3. 購物策略相關字彙與語意判斷

文章主旨是提醒消費者不要被超市的「大量購買」「特價促銷」或「熟食切片服務」誤導,應比較單價,判斷商品是否真的划算。

解題方法

先找出文章中直接談到各選項的內容,再判斷選項是否符合文章建議。

定位答案的關鍵句是:

In a supermarket, the “buy one, get the second one 50% off” discount is not a good deal – that’s only 25% off each.

翻譯:

在超市裡,「買一件,第二件半價」並不是一筆好交易——這樣算下來每件商品其實只打七五折,也就是只折扣 25%。

假設每件商品原價為 100 元:

  • 第一件:100 元
  • 第二件半價:50 元
  • 兩件共付:150 元
  • 平均每件:75 元

因此,整體效果是每件便宜 25%,不是每件便宜 50%。文章建議消費者不要被此類促銷吸引,應等待商品真正降價到 50% 左右。

選項分析

(A) Avoid goods that have almost reached the expiration dates.
避開即將到期的商品。

文章完全沒有提到「保存期限」或「即將過期商品」。因此,這不是根據本文內容可以推得的聰明購物方法,錯誤。

(B) Skip the “buy one and get the second one 50% off” goods.
跳過「買一件、第二件半價」的商品。

正確。文章明確指出這種折扣並不是好交易,因為兩件平均下來只是每件折扣 25%,而不是每件半價。文章並建議等待商品真正降價,因此避開這類促銷符合文章內容。

(C) Ask clerks to slice ham for you.
請店員替你切火腿。

文章指出,熟食區的預先包裝商品與現場新鮮切片商品,很多時候是完全相同的產品;若請店員切片,消費者只是為了切片服務支付較高的每公斤價格。因此,這種做法反而較不划算,錯誤。

關鍵句為:

But you’re paying more per kilo just to have it sliced for you.

翻譯:

你只是為了請人替你切片,卻要付出更高的每公斤價格。

(D) Buy produce in bulk.
大量購買農產品。

錯誤。文章特別以甜椒與酪梨為例,指出單個購買通常比多包裝或網袋包裝更便宜:

Individual peppers are almost always cheaper than those in the multi-packs and loose avocados are usually cheaper than the ones grouped in mesh bags.

翻譯:

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第 28 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Supermarket retailers have strategies to make sure that your visit for a loaf of bread turns into $200 worth of groceries. To save money and beat supermarkets at their own game, learn some insider tips provided by industry analysts and store employees.

The first shopping secret is not to think that you’re getting a better deal when you buy in bulk. In the produce department, for example, individual peppers are almost always cheaper than those in the multi-packs and loose avocados are usually cheaper than the ones grouped in mesh bags. Second, insiders will attest to the fact that there’s very little difference in the deli section between what’s been pre-packaged and what is sliced fresh. A lot of times, it’s the exact same product. But you’re paying more per kilo just to have it sliced for you. Third, in a supermarket, the “buy one, get the second one 50% off” discount is not a good deal – that’s only 25% off each. Instead, wait – almost everything is reduced to 50% at some point. Moreover, don’t buy something in bulk just because it’s on sale. The ten-for-$10 promotion is one of the most misleading. This is what stores do to get volume out the door – some have even raised the unit price to do so. Always check the unit price first. And last, don’t assume that products displayed at the end of an aisle are automatically good deals. Often, they are not. The end areas are usually rented by companies trying to promote products, which may not be bargains at all.

  1. Where do you most likely find this passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「閱讀文章的文體判斷」與「文章主旨、內容用途辨識」。

判斷文章出處時,應觀察:

  1. 文章討論的主題。
  2. 寫作對象是誰。
  3. 文章提供的資訊或建議具有何種用途。
  4. 語氣是學術研究、財經分析,還是生活實用指南。

本文以超市購物為主題,提供消費者節省金錢、避免受促銷誤導的實用建議,因此最適合出現在消費者指南(consumers’ guides)中。

解題方法

文章一開始即明確指出目的:

“To save money and beat supermarkets at their own game, learn some insider tips provided by industry analysts and store employees.”

翻譯:為了節省金錢並在超市的行銷策略中占上風,消費者應學習產業分析師與商店員工所提供的內幕技巧。

全文接著列出多項購物建議,包括:

  • 不要以為大量購買一定比較便宜。
  • 預先包裝的熟食不一定比現切的便宜。
  • 「買一送一,第二件五折」實際上只是每件打七五折。
  • 不要只因商品特價就大量購買。
  • 購買前要查看單位價格。
  • 走道末端陳列的商品不一定是優惠商品。

這些內容都是協助一般消費者理性購物、避免被超市促銷策略影響的生活資訊,符合消費者指南的功能。

關鍵單字與片語

  • supermarket retailer:超市零售商
  • strategy:策略
  • turn into:轉變成;變成
  • worth:價值……的
  • groceries:食品雜貨;日常採買品
  • in bulk:大量地;散裝地
  • produce department:生鮮蔬果部門
  • multi-pack:多件包裝
  • loose:散裝的;未經包裝的
  • avocado:酪梨
  • deli section:熟食區
  • pre-packaged:預先包裝的
  • sliced fresh:現切的
  • per kilo:每公斤
  • discount:折扣
  • promotion:促銷活動
  • misleading:誤導性的
  • unit price:單位價格
  • aisle:走道
  • automatically:自動地;必然地
  • bargain:便宜貨;划算的交易
  • rent:租用
  • promote:促銷;推廣

語意與文法重點

  1. make sure that + 子句

“make sure that your visit … turns into …”

表示「確保……」。其中 that 引導名詞子句,作為 make sure 的內容。

  1. turn into

turn into 表示「變成」。本文指消費者原本只想買一條麵包,最後卻買了價值 $200 的雜貨。

  1. when + 子句
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第 29 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Supermarket retailers have strategies to make sure that your visit for a loaf of bread turns into $200 worth of groceries. To save money and beat supermarkets at their own game, learn some insider tips provided by industry analysts and store employees.

The first shopping secret is not to think that you’re getting a better deal when you buy in bulk. In the produce department, for example, individual peppers are almost always cheaper than those in the multi-packs and loose avocados are usually cheaper than the ones grouped in mesh bags. Second, insiders will attest to the fact that there’s very little difference in the deli section between what’s been pre-packaged and what is sliced fresh. A lot of times, it’s the exact same product. But you’re paying more per kilo just to have it sliced for you. Third, in a supermarket, the “buy one, get the second one 50% off” discount is not a good deal – that’s only 25% off each. Instead, wait – almost everything is reduced to 50% at some point. Moreover, don’t buy something in bulk just because it’s on sale. The ten-for-$10 promotion is one of the most misleading. This is what stores do to get volume out the door – some have even raised the unit price to do so. Always check the unit price first. And last, don’t assume that products displayed at the end of an aisle are automatically good deals. Often, they are not. The end areas are usually rented by companies trying to promote products, which may not be bargains at all.

  1. According to the passage, what should our attitude be towards supermarkets’ promotional strategies?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是閱讀理解中的「主旨與作者態度」題,考查考生能否根據全文內容,判斷文章對超市促銷策略所持的整體態度。

文章開頭指出,超市會利用各種策略,讓消費者原本只想買一條麵包,最後購買價值 $200 的商品。全文接著列舉多項購物陷阱,提醒消費者不要盲目相信「大量購買較划算」「第二件半價」「十件 $10」及「走道末端陳列商品」等促銷方式。

因此,消費者面對超市促銷活動時,應該保持:

  • cautious:謹慎的、小心的
  • skeptical:懷疑的、不輕信的

故答案為 (D) Cautious and skeptical.


解題方法

本題應採用「整理作者態度」的方式作答,不必逐項計算商品價格,只要掌握文章中的警告語氣與核心建議。

文中多次出現否定或提醒性的表達:

  1. 不要以為大量購買一定比較划算

“The first shopping secret is not to think that you’re getting a better deal when you buy in bulk.”

意思是:「第一個購物祕訣是,不要以為大量購買就一定能得到更好的價格。」

  1. 不要被第二件半價誤導

“the ‘buy one, get the second one 50% off’ discount is not a good deal”

意思是:「『買一件、第二件半價』的折扣並不是很划算。」

兩件商品原價均為 100,總價為 100 + 50 = 150。相較於原本 200 的總價,只省下 50,也就是總價的 25%,並非每件真正打五折。

  1. 購買前要查看單位價格

“Always check the unit price first.”

意思是:「購買前一定要先查看單位價格。」

  1. 不要認為走道末端的商品一定便宜

“don’t assume that products displayed at the end of an aisle are automatically good deals.”

意思是:「不要以為陳列在走道末端的商品就一定是划算的交易。」

這些內容共同表現出「小心判斷、不要輕信促銷話術」的態度,正好對應 cautious and skeptical。


關鍵單字與片語

  • retailer:零售商
  • strategy:策略
  • turn A into B:把 A 變成 B
  • worth $200:價值 $200
  • beat supermarkets at their own game:用超市自己的促銷手法反過來看穿超市
  • insider tip:內行人的祕訣
  • buy in bulk:大量購買
  • produce department:生鮮蔬果部門
  • multi-pack:多件組合包
  • loose avocado:散裝酪梨
  • pre-packaged:預先包裝的
  • sliced fresh:現場新鮮切片的
  • exact same product:完全相同的產品
  • per kilo:每公斤
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第 30 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

As the first European settlement in the Far East, Macau, which became a colony of the Portuguese Empire in 1557, is hugely significant in the history of East-West relations, not to mention its considerable architectural and aesthetic merits, which helped lead its designation as a world heritage site in 2005 by UNESCO. No trip to Macau is complete without a visit to its famous Historic Centre.

The beating heart of the city’s urban center is Senado Square. Home to shops, snacks and a never-ending stream of public events and celebrations, few places epitomize Macau’s old-meets-new beauty in the same way. It’s only enhanced by the borrowed Mediterranean atmosphere which comes courtesy of the many surrounding neoclassical-style buildings painted in pastel colors and the square’s ornate tile work.

Particularly iconic in the Historic Centre is the A-Ma Temple. Constructed in the 15th century, the temple was originally built for the sea goddess A-Ma. Over the centuries, it has evolved to become home to a number of different beliefs: Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism, in addition to a number of local folk beliefs. Even today, A-Ma Temple remains a site of pilgrimage for many, particularly during the Chinese Spring Festival.

But perhaps the best-known monument in Macau is the Ruins of St Paul’s. Once a large church, the southern stone façade is the only part of the building that remains standing after a big fire several centuries ago. Covered in Eastern-influenced carvings of Christian themes, it stands as a testament to the artistic skills of the monks working for St. Paul’s in the early decades of the 17th century and it is frequently used as a spectacular centerpiece during Macau’s annual Arts Festival.

For centuries the meeting point between East and West, Macau is an enchanting paradox, a city where ultra-modern buildings co-exist with sites of the ancient past, seemingly drawn from two separate worlds.

  1. What is the purpose of this passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念:主旨題與文章寫作目的

本題考查閱讀理解中的「文章主旨(main idea)」與「寫作目的(purpose)」判斷。解題時不能只看文章開頭提到的歷史背景,必須觀察:

  1. 文章主要篇幅介紹什麼內容。
  2. 作者使用的語氣是客觀分析、歷史說明,還是旅遊推薦。
  3. 開頭、段落主旨句與結尾是否共同指向同一目的。

本文雖然提及 Macau 的殖民歷史與東西方交流,但文章重點集中在 Senado Square、A-Ma Temple、Ruins of St Paul’s 等觀光景點,並以正面形容詞吸引讀者造訪,因此主要目的是推廣澳門旅遊。


文章結構與定位答案

校方釋疑指出,劃線部分屬於介紹觀光景點的標準句型。全文可整理如下:

  • Main idea: Macau is significant in the history, not to mention its architectural and aesthetic merits.
    澳門在歷史上具有重要性,更不用說它在建築與美學方面的價值。

  • Supporting idea: 介紹澳門的重要景點。

  • “No trip to Macau is complete without a visit to its famous Historic Centre.”
    到澳門旅行,如果沒有參觀著名的歷史城區,就不算完整。

  • 介紹 Senado Square(議事亭前地)的商店、小吃、活動、建築與瓷磚。

  • 介紹 A-Ma Temple(媽閣廟)的歷史、宗教特色與參拜活動。

  • 介紹 Ruins of St Paul’s(大三巴牌坊),包括其建築遺跡與藝術價值。

  • Conclusion: Macau is a city where ultra-modern buildings co-exist with sites of the ancient past.
    澳門是一座現代化建築與古老遺跡共存的城市。

文章由歷史背景引入,隨後大量描寫景點特色,最後以澳門兼具現代與古老風貌作總結,整體功能是吸引讀者前往澳門旅遊。


關鍵單字與片語

  • settlement:殖民地、定居地
  • the Far East:遠東
  • colony:殖民地
  • Portuguese Empire:葡萄牙帝國
  • be significant in:在……方面具有重要性
  • East-West relations:東西方關係
  • architectural:建築的
  • aesthetic:美學的
  • merit:優點、價值
  • world heritage site:世界遺產
  • UNESCO:聯合國教育、科學及文化組織
  • Historic Centre:歷史城區
  • be complete without:沒有……就不完整
  • epitomize:充分體現、代表
  • old-meets-new:新舊交融的
  • atmosphere:氛圍
  • neoclassical-style:新古典主義風格的
  • ornate:華麗裝飾的
  • iconic:具代表性的、標誌性的
  • be constructed:被建造
  • evolve to become:逐漸發展成為
  • belief:信仰
  • pilgrimage:朝聖、進香
  • monument:紀念性建築、名勝
  • façade:建築物的正面
  • remain standing:仍然屹立
  • carving:雕刻
  • testament to:證明……的事物
  • centerpiece:核心景點、焦點
  • annual:每年的
  • enchanting paradox:迷人的矛盾
  • co-exist with:與……共存

文法與語意重點

  1. No trip to Macau is complete without...

這是旅遊介紹常見句型:

No trip to Macau is complete without a visit to its famous Historic Centre.

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第 31 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

As the first European settlement in the Far East, Macau, which became a colony of the Portuguese Empire in 1557, is hugely significant in the history of East-West relations, not to mention its considerable architectural and aesthetic merits, which helped lead its designation as a world heritage site in 2005 by UNESCO. No trip to Macau is complete without a visit to its famous Historic Centre.

The beating heart of the city’s urban center is Senado Square. Home to shops, snacks and a never-ending stream of public events and celebrations, few places epitomize Macau’s old-meets-new beauty in the same way. It’s only enhanced by the borrowed Mediterranean atmosphere which comes courtesy of the many surrounding neoclassical-style buildings painted in pastel colors and the square’s ornate tile work.

Particularly iconic in the Historic Centre is the A-Ma Temple. Constructed in the 15th century, the temple was originally built for the sea goddess A-Ma. Over the centuries, it has evolved to become home to a number of different beliefs: Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism, in addition to a number of local folk beliefs. Even today, A-Ma Temple remains a site of pilgrimage for many, particularly during the Chinese Spring Festival.

But perhaps the best-known monument in Macau is the Ruins of St Paul’s. Once a large church, the southern stone façade is the only part of the building that remains standing after a big fire several centuries ago. Covered in Eastern-influenced carvings of Christian themes, it stands as a testament to the artistic skills of the monks working for St. Paul’s in the early decades of the 17th century and it is frequently used as a spectacular centerpiece during Macau’s annual Arts Festival.

For centuries the meeting point between East and West, Macau is an enchanting paradox, a city where ultra-modern buildings co-exist with sites of the ancient past, seemingly drawn from two separate worlds.

  1. According to the passage, which of the following statements concerning A-Ma Temple is NOT true?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為標準的閱讀測驗「細節反向查核題」(Negative Detail / NOT True Question)。測驗考生對於文章中特定專有名詞(A-Ma Temple,媽閣廟)之描述、建造背景、宗教功能以及歷史年代的精確定位能力,並考驗能否分辨局部細節與**全文概括性描述(張冠李戴)**的閱讀陷阱。


解題方法

  1. 關鍵字定位:由題幹「concerning A-Ma Temple is NOT true」鎖定文章第三段專門介紹媽閣廟(A-Ma Temple)的段落,並比對其他段落是否有相關年代或對比的資訊。
  2. 文本對照與核實:
  • 第三段第 1–2 句:「Constructed in the 15th century, the temple was originally built for the sea goddess A-Ma.」(建於 15 世紀,最初是為了海神媽祖而建造。)
  • 第三段第 4 句:「Even today, A-Ma Temple remains a site of pilgrimage for many, particularly during the Chinese Spring Festival.」(即使在今天,媽閣廟仍是許多人的朝聖之地,特別是在農曆春節期間。)
  • 第四段第 3 句談及大三巴牌坊(Ruins of St Paul's)所屬的聖保祿教堂:「monks working for St. Paul’s in the early decades of the 17th century」(17 世紀早期的修道士)。
  • 第五段:「Macau is an enchanting paradox, a city where ultra-modern buildings co-exist with sites of the ancient past...」(澳門是個迷人的矛盾體,現代超高建築與遠古遺跡並存……此處是描寫整個「澳門」(Macau),而非單指媽閣廟本身)。
  1. 鎖定答案:選項 (B) 將第五段形容澳門全貌的特色移花接木至媽閣廟,故為錯誤敘述,符合題目所求。

選項分析

  • (A) It was first built to worship the sea goddess.(它最初是為了祭拜海神而興建。)—— 正確(不選)

  • 文章依據:第三段「...the temple was originally built for the sea goddess A-Ma.」

  • 解析:句中「originally built for」即等於選項的「first built to worship」,海神(sea goddess)即指媽祖(A-Ma),與文章相符。

  • (B) It combines the ultra-modern and the ancient past of Macau.(它結合了澳門的極度現代化與古老過去。)—— 錯誤(符合題意,為本題答案)

  • 文章依據:第五段「...Macau is an enchanting paradox, a city where ultra-modern buildings co-exist with sites of the ancient past...」

  • 解析:原文中「現代超摩登建築與古代遺跡共存(co-exist)」是作者對**「整個澳門(Macau)」**的整體描述,並非指「媽閣廟(A-Ma Temple)」本身具備超現代元素。

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第 32 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

As the first European settlement in the Far East, Macau, which became a colony of the Portuguese Empire in 1557, is hugely significant in the history of East-West relations, not to mention its considerable architectural and aesthetic merits, which helped lead its designation as a world heritage site in 2005 by UNESCO. No trip to Macau is complete without a visit to its famous Historic Centre.

The beating heart of the city’s urban center is Senado Square. Home to shops, snacks and a never-ending stream of public events and celebrations, few places epitomize Macau’s old-meets-new beauty in the same way. It’s only enhanced by the borrowed Mediterranean atmosphere which comes courtesy of the many surrounding neoclassical-style buildings painted in pastel colors and the square’s ornate tile work.

Particularly iconic in the Historic Centre is the A-Ma Temple. Constructed in the 15th century, the temple was originally built for the sea goddess A-Ma. Over the centuries, it has evolved to become home to a number of different beliefs: Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism, in addition to a number of local folk beliefs. Even today, A-Ma Temple remains a site of pilgrimage for many, particularly during the Chinese Spring Festival.

But perhaps the best-known monument in Macau is the Ruins of St Paul’s. Once a large church, the southern stone façade is the only part of the building that remains standing after a big fire several centuries ago. Covered in Eastern-influenced carvings of Christian themes, it stands as a testament to the artistic skills of the monks working for St. Paul’s in the early decades of the 17th century and it is frequently used as a spectacular centerpiece during Macau’s annual Arts Festival.

For centuries the meeting point between East and West, Macau is an enchanting paradox, a city where ultra-modern buildings co-exist with sites of the ancient past, seemingly drawn from two separate worlds.

  1. According to the passage, when was the original church of the Ruins of St Paul’s built?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題屬於閱讀測驗中的「事實細節題」(Factual Detail Question)。測驗重點在於考生能否依據題幹關鍵字(Ruins of St Paul’s、original church、built),在文章中快速精確定位段落與句子,辨析年代細節與專有名詞之間的對應關係,避免被其他段落出現的無關年份混淆。


解題方法

  1. 題幹關鍵字定位:
  • 題幹問的是「大三巴牌坊的原建築(原教堂)是何時建造的?」(when was the original church of the Ruins of St Paul’s built?)。
  • 關鍵字為 Ruins of St Paul’s、original church、built / early decades。
  1. 回文檢索與定位句:
  • 掃描文章,第四段專門討論「大三巴牌坊」(Ruins of St Paul’s):

Once a large church, the southern stone façade is the only part of the building that remains standing after a big fire several centuries ago. Covered in Eastern-influenced carvings of Christian themes, it stands as a testament to the artistic skills of the monks working for St. Paul’s in the early decades of the 17th century...

  • 【定位句翻譯】:「這座建築曾是一座大教堂,在數個世紀前的一場大火後,南面的石質立面(前壁)是唯一倖存佇立的部分。表面覆蓋著融合東方風格的基督教主題雕刻,它見證了 17 世紀初為聖保祿教堂工作的修道士們精湛的藝術技藝……」
  1. 語意邏輯推論:
  • 該段提及此處原本是一座大教堂(Once a large church),而殘存的立面雕刻見證了修道士在「17 世紀初」(the early decades of the 17th century)所展現的工藝技術,由此可知該原教堂與立面建立於 17 世紀。對應選項即為 (D)。

選項分析

  • (A) In 1557:【錯誤】
  • 出處:第一段第一句 "Macau, which became a colony of the Portuguese Empire in 1557..."。
  • 理由:1557 年是澳門成為葡萄牙帝國殖民地的年份,並非建造聖保祿教堂的年代,屬於「張冠李戴」的年代混淆選項。
  • (B) In 2005:【錯誤】
  • 出處:第一段第一句 "...helped lead its designation as a world heritage site in 2005 by UNESCO."。
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第 33 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

As the first European settlement in the Far East, Macau, which became a colony of the Portuguese Empire in 1557, is hugely significant in the history of East-West relations, not to mention its considerable architectural and aesthetic merits, which helped lead its designation as a world heritage site in 2005 by UNESCO. No trip to Macau is complete without a visit to its famous Historic Centre.

The beating heart of the city’s urban center is Senado Square. Home to shops, snacks and a never-ending stream of public events and celebrations, few places epitomize Macau’s old-meets-new beauty in the same way. It’s only enhanced by the borrowed Mediterranean atmosphere which comes courtesy of the many surrounding neoclassical-style buildings painted in pastel colors and the square’s ornate tile work.

Particularly iconic in the Historic Centre is the A-Ma Temple. Constructed in the 15th century, the temple was originally built for the sea goddess A-Ma. Over the centuries, it has evolved to become home to a number of different beliefs: Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism, in addition to a number of local folk beliefs. Even today, A-Ma Temple remains a site of pilgrimage for many, particularly during the Chinese Spring Festival.

But perhaps the best-known monument in Macau is the Ruins of St Paul’s. Once a large church, the southern stone façade is the only part of the building that remains standing after a big fire several centuries ago. Covered in Eastern-influenced carvings of Christian themes, it stands as a testament to the artistic skills of the monks working for St. Paul’s in the early decades of the 17th century and it is frequently used as a spectacular centerpiece during Macau’s annual Arts Festival.

For centuries the meeting point between East and West, Macau is an enchanting paradox, a city where ultra-modern buildings co-exist with sites of the ancient past, seemingly drawn from two separate worlds.

  1. According to the passage, which of the following statements about Macau is NOT true?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀測驗中的「反向細節理解題」(Negative Detail / NOT True Question)與「過度推論(Overgeneralization)之防範」。考生必須精確對應文章中的事實陳述,辨識出選項中「偷換概念」或「擅自擴充文本範圍」的錯誤敘述。


解題方法

  1. 抓取題幹關鍵字:題目詢問關於澳門(Macau)何者「NOT true」(不正確)。
  2. 文本定位比對:
  • (A) 查核第一段第 1 句:澳門在東西方關係史上的地位。
  • (B) 查核第一段第 2 句及末段:澳門作為旅遊勝地與其建築、歷史的關聯。
  • (C) 查核第三段(媽閣廟)與第四段(大三巴牌坊):朝聖地(site of pilgrimage)的指涉對象與宗教範疇。
  • (D) 查核第一段與第三段的歷史時間軸:葡萄牙人抵達前華人是否已在此活動居住。
  1. 辨別合理推論與過度推論:
  • 文本僅提及「媽閣廟(A-Ma Temple)至今仍是朝聖之地(site of pilgrimage)」,其融合之信仰包含佛教(Buddhism)、儒家(Confucianism)、道教(Taoism)及民間信仰;
  • 第四段的大三巴牌坊(Ruins of St Paul’s)雖有基督教主題的雕刻(Christian themes),但文中僅指出它是著名歷史遺跡與藝術節核心展演地,從未提及它或澳門是「基督徒的朝聖地」。

選項分析

  • (A) It is famous and significant in the history of East-West relations.(錯誤,敘述為真)
  • 原文對應:第一段第 1 句指出:

"As the first European settlement in the Far East, Macau, which became a colony of the Portuguese Empire in 1557, is hugely significant in the history of East-West relations..."
(作為遠東第一個歐洲人定居點,澳門於 1557 年成為葡萄牙帝國的殖民地,在東西方關係史上具有極重要的地位……)

  • 分析:選項與原文直接吻合,敘述正確,故不可選。

  • (B) It is a popular traveling spot for its architectures and history.(錯誤,敘述為真)

  • 原文對應:

  • 第一段末句:

"...not to mention its considerable architectural and aesthetic merits, which helped lead its designation as a world heritage site in 2005 by UNESCO. No trip to Macau is complete without a visit to its famous Historic Centre."
(……更不用說它顯著的建築與美學價值,這促成其於 2005 年被聯合國教科文組織列為世界文化遺產。造訪澳門若沒參觀其著名的歷史城區,旅程就不算完整。)

  • 末段:

"...Macau is an enchanting paradox, a city where ultra-modern buildings co-exist with sites of the ancient past..."
(……澳門是一個迷人的矛盾體,一個超現代建築與古老歷史遺址並存的城市……)

  • 分析:澳門因其獨特的歷史城區、東西融合的建築(如議事亭前地、媽閣廟、大三巴牌坊)而成為熱門旅遊景點,敘述完全符合文意,故不可選。

  • (C) It is a site of pilgrimage for both Buddhists and Christians.(正確答案,敘述不符合原文)

  • 原文對應:第三段論及媽閣廟(A-Ma Temple):

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第 34 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

While the left hemisphere in the brain is innately predisposed to specialize for language, there is also evidence of considerable plasticity in the right hemisphere during the early stages of language development. Under certain circumstances, the right hemisphere can take over many of the language functions that would normally reside in the left hemisphere.

An impressive illustration is provided by children who have undergone a procedure known as hemispherectomy, in which one hemisphere of the brain is surgically removed. This procedure is used to treat otherwise intractable cases of epilepsy. In cases of left hemispherectomy after language acquisition has begun, the children experience an initial period of aphasia. However, depending on the underlying disease that leads to the epilepsy, some children may reacquire a linguistic system virtually indistinguishable from that of normal children. They also show many of the developmental patterns of normal language acquisition. UCLA researchers who have studied many of these children hypothesize that the latent linguistic ability of the right hemisphere is “freed” by the removal of the diseased left hemisphere, which may have had a strong inhibitory effect before the surgery.

  1. The word “freed” in the last sentence of this article means _____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「上下文語意」。判斷單字意思時,不能只看字面,必須觀察該字在句中的搭配及前後邏輯。

關鍵字:

  • freed:被釋放的、獲得自由的
  • latent:潛在的、未發揮的
  • linguistic ability:語言能力
  • inhibitory effect:抑制作用
  • removal:移除、切除
  • diseased:患病的
  • hemispherectomy:大腦半球切除術
  • reacquire:重新獲得
  • indistinguishable from:與……無法區分

句中的 freed 是過去分詞,置於被動語態結構中:

the latent linguistic ability of the right hemisphere is “freed” by the removal of the diseased left hemisphere

翻譯為:

右腦半球潛在的語言能力,因患病左腦半球被切除而「獲得釋放」。

此處的 freed 並非真的把某個物體放走,而是比喻右腦原本受到左腦抑制的語言能力,因左腦被切除而得以發揮。

解題方法

先找出影響 freed 字義的關鍵線索:

  1. 右腦具有潛在的語言能力。
  2. 患病的左腦半球原本對右腦有強烈的 inhibitory effect,即「抑制作用」。
  3. 左腦半球經手術切除後,右腦的語言能力得以展現。
  4. 因此,freed 應表示「解除限制、釋放、使自由發揮」。
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第 35 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

While the left hemisphere in the brain is innately predisposed to specialize for language, there is also evidence of considerable plasticity in the right hemisphere during the early stages of language development. Under certain circumstances, the right hemisphere can take over many of the language functions that would normally reside in the left hemisphere.

An impressive illustration is provided by children who have undergone a procedure known as hemispherectomy, in which one hemisphere of the brain is surgically removed. This procedure is used to treat otherwise intractable cases of epilepsy. In cases of left hemispherectomy after language acquisition has begun, the children experience an initial period of aphasia. However, depending on the underlying disease that leads to the epilepsy, some children may reacquire a linguistic system virtually indistinguishable from that of normal children. They also show many of the developmental patterns of normal language acquisition. UCLA researchers who have studied many of these children hypothesize that the latent linguistic ability of the right hemisphere is “freed” by the removal of the diseased left hemisphere, which may have had a strong inhibitory effect before the surgery.

  1. Which statement below is true about hemispherectomy?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解,重點是掌握 hemispherectomy(大腦半球切除術)的用途,以及幼兒大腦在語言發展初期所具有的神經可塑性(neural plasticity)。

文章指出:

  • 左腦先天較傾向負責語言功能。
  • 語言發展早期,右腦仍具有相當程度的可塑性。
  • 左腦切除後,右腦可能接管原本由左腦負責的語言功能。
  • 部分兒童在手術初期出現失語症,但之後可能重新取得幾乎與正常兒童無異的語言系統。

因此,hemispherectomy 雖然會先造成語言能力受損,卻可能使右腦原本潛在的語言能力被釋放,進而發展出新的語言運作系統。

解題方法

判斷此題的關鍵,是直接尋找文章對 hemispherectomy 結果的描述。定位句為:

“However, depending on the underlying disease that leads to the epilepsy, some children may reacquire a linguistic system virtually indistinguishable from that of normal children.”

翻譯:

然而,視導致癲癇的根本疾病而定,有些兒童可能重新獲得一套與正常兒童幾乎無法區分的語言系統。

此外,文章最後又說:

“the latent linguistic ability of the right hemisphere is ‘freed’ by the removal of the diseased left hemisphere”

翻譯:

右腦潛在的語言能力,可能因病變左腦被切除而獲得「釋放」。

這兩句共同支持:手術後,右腦可能接替左腦的語言功能,並促成語言系統的重新發展。因此選擇 (D)。

關鍵單字與片語

  • hemisphere:大腦半球
  • hemispherectomy:大腦半球切除術
  • be predisposed to:先天傾向於
  • specialize for language:專門負責語言功能
  • plasticity:可塑性
  • take over:接管、取代
  • language functions:語言功能
  • surgically removed:以外科手術切除
  • intractable epilepsy:難以控制的癲癇
  • aphasia:失語症
  • reacquire:重新獲得
  • linguistic system:語言系統
  • virtually indistinguishable from:幾乎無法與……區分
  • latent:潛在的、尚未顯現的
  • inhibitory effect:抑制作用

文法與語意重點

  1. can take over

can + 原形動詞 表示能力或可能性。文章中的:

“the right hemisphere can take over many of the language functions”

意思是「右腦能夠接管許多語言功能」,說明右腦具有代償能力。

  1. may reacquire

may + 原形動詞 表示可能性。文章並沒有說每一位兒童都能恢復語言能力,而是說:

“some children may reacquire...”

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第 36 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

While the left hemisphere in the brain is innately predisposed to specialize for language, there is also evidence of considerable plasticity in the right hemisphere during the early stages of language development. Under certain circumstances, the right hemisphere can take over many of the language functions that would normally reside in the left hemisphere.

An impressive illustration is provided by children who have undergone a procedure known as hemispherectomy, in which one hemisphere of the brain is surgically removed. This procedure is used to treat otherwise intractable cases of epilepsy. In cases of left hemispherectomy after language acquisition has begun, the children experience an initial period of aphasia. However, depending on the underlying disease that leads to the epilepsy, some children may reacquire a linguistic system virtually indistinguishable from that of normal children. They also show many of the developmental patterns of normal language acquisition. UCLA researchers who have studied many of these children hypothesize that the latent linguistic ability of the right hemisphere is “freed” by the removal of the diseased left hemisphere, which may have had a strong inhibitory effect before the surgery.

  1. Which of the following is the main idea of this article?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀測驗中的「主旨判斷」。判斷文章主旨時,須分辨:

  • 文章開頭提出的背景資訊
  • 中段所舉的研究或案例
  • 全文反覆強調的核心概念

本文主要說明:雖然左腦天生較適合處理語言,但幼年時期的右腦具有高度神經可塑性,在特殊情況下能接替左腦,發展並恢復語言功能。

文章重點與答案定位

最能直接支持答案的句子是:

there is also evidence of considerable plasticity in the right hemisphere during the early stages of language development.

翻譯為:

在語言發展的早期階段,右腦也具有相當程度可塑性的證據。

後文以接受 hemispherectomy 的兒童為例,進一步說明右腦如何發揮語言功能:

the right hemisphere can take over many of the language functions that would normally reside in the left hemisphere.

翻譯為:

右腦能夠接替許多原本通常由左腦負責的語言功能。

因此,全文主旨是「幼兒的右腦具有發展語言能力的可塑性」,對應選項 (C)。

解題方法

先觀察文章的論述方向:

  1. 首句先交代左腦天生傾向專門處理語言。
  2. 接著用 also 引出另一個重點:右腦在語言發展早期具有可塑性。
  3. 後文以左腦切除手術後兒童恢復語言能力的案例,證明右腦能接替語言功能。
  4. 結尾提出研究者的解釋,認為移除患病的左腦後,右腦潛在的語言能力被「釋放」。

因此,左腦的語言傾向只是背景;右腦在幼年時期的可塑性才是全文要說明的中心。

選項分析

(A) Both left and right hemispheres can develop innate linguistic ability for normal people.

左、右兩個腦半球都能為正常人發展先天語言能力。

錯誤。文章並未主張正常人的左腦與右腦都同樣具有先天語言能力。文中明確指出:

the left hemisphere ... is innately predisposed to specialize for language

意思是左腦天生傾向專門處理語言;右腦的重點則是具有 plasticity,也就是在早期發展階段具備調整、代償與接替功能的能力。選項把「左腦的先天傾向」與「右腦的後天可塑性」混為一談,且將討論範圍擴大到所有正常人,並非文章主旨。

(B) Hemispherectomy affects patient’s linguistic ability temporarily.

大腦半球切除術會暫時影響患者的語言能力。

錯誤。這是文章提到的局部結果,不是全文主旨。文章指出:

the children experience an initial period of aphasia

意思是兒童起初會經歷一段失語期。但後文強調,部分兒童能重新獲得幾乎與正常兒童無異的語言系統。選項只描述手術造成的暫時性影響,沒有涵蓋文章真正要突顯的「右腦可塑性與語言代償能力」。

另外,hemispherectomy 指「大腦半球切除術」;aphasia 指「失語症、語言能力喪失」。這些是案例背景與過程,不是主旨本身。

(C) Young children have the plasticity of developing the right hemisphere for language.

幼兒具有讓右腦發展語言能力的可塑性。

正確。此選項完整概括全文核心。文章以幼兒為對象,說明在語言發展早期,右腦能接替左腦的語言功能;即使左腦因疾病而被切除,部分兒童仍能重新發展語言系統。

關鍵字為:

  • young children:幼兒
  • plasticity:可塑性,指神經系統能因發展、學習或損傷而調整功能
  • develop ... for language:發展語言功能

此選項雖然使用 developing the right hemisphere for language 的表達,與原文「右腦接替語言功能」並非逐字相同,但語意符合全文重點,因此為最佳答案。

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第 37 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Jacob Epstein’s sculptures were the focus of much controversy during the sculptor’s lifetime. Epstein was born in the United States of Russian-Jewish immigrants in 1880. He moved to Paris in his youth and later to England, where he eventually settled and took out British citizenship in 1907. His first major public commission, on a building in London, offended most people because of the expressive distortion and nudity of the figures. In 1937, the Rhodesian government, which at that time owned the building, actually mutilated the sculptures to make them conform to public notions of decency. Many Epstein’s monumental carvings also received adverse criticism. While the lay persons denounced his work, many artists and critics praised it. They admired in particular the diversity of his work and noted how it was influenced by the primitive and ancient sculptural motifs from Africa and the Pacific. Today, Epstein’s work has received the recognition it deserves, and Epstein is considered one of the major sculptors of the twentieth century.

  1. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「判斷何者與文章不符」。解題重點是:

  1. 找出題幹對人物生平、作品評價與創作地點的明確敘述。
  2. 將各選項逐一與原文比對。
  3. 題目問的是 NOT true,因此要選出「錯誤的敘述」。

關鍵單字與片語

  • sculpture:雕塑作品
  • sculptor:雕刻家、雕塑家
  • controversy:爭議
  • immigrant:移民
  • settle:定居
  • take out British citizenship:取得英國公民身分
  • public commission:公共委託作品
  • offend:冒犯,使……感到不悅
  • expressive distortion:表現性的變形
  • nudity:裸體
  • mutilate:毀損、肢解
  • conform to:符合
  • decency:端莊、體面;道德規範
  • monumental carving:紀念性雕刻、巨型雕刻
  • adverse criticism:負面批評
  • lay person:一般人、非專業人士
  • primitive and ancient:原始的與古老的
  • motif:主題、圖樣、題材
  • recognition:肯定、認可
  • deserve:值得

解題方法

先定位文章中的三類資訊:

  • Epstein 的居住地與身分
  • 他的第一件重要公共作品所在地
  • 後來藝術界對其作品的評價

文章最後明確指出:

“Today, Epstein’s work has received the recognition it deserves, and Epstein is considered one of the major sculptors of the twentieth century.”

翻譯:如今,Epstein 的作品已獲得應有的肯定,而 Epstein 也被視為二十世紀重要的雕塑家之一。

這句表示 Epstein 的作品今日受到認可,並非被遺忘。因此,與文章意思相反的選項就是答案。

選項分析

(A) Epstein’s work is now almost forgotten.
Epstein 的作品如今幾乎被遺忘。

此敘述錯誤。文章說:

“Today, Epstein’s work has received the recognition it deserves...”

翻譯:如今,Epstein 的作品已獲得應有的肯定。

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第 38 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Jacob Epstein’s sculptures were the focus of much controversy during the sculptor’s lifetime. Epstein was born in the United States of Russian-Jewish immigrants in 1880. He moved to Paris in his youth and later to England, where he eventually settled and took out British citizenship in 1907. His first major public commission, on a building in London, offended most people because of the expressive distortion and nudity of the figures. In 1937, the Rhodesian government, which at that time owned the building, actually mutilated the sculptures to make them conform to public notions of decency. Many Epstein’s monumental carvings also received adverse criticism. While the lay persons denounced his work, many artists and critics praised it. They admired in particular the diversity of his work and noted how it was influenced by the primitive and ancient sculptural motifs from Africa and the Pacific. Today, Epstein’s work has received the recognition it deserves, and Epstein is considered one of the major sculptors of the twentieth century.

  1. The word “denounced” in bold letters can best be replaced by ______.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「上下文語意」。
denounce 作動詞,意為「公開譴責、嚴厲抨擊」,近義詞是 condemn。

題幹描述 Epstein 的雕刻作品曾受到爭議,一般民眾批評他的作品,但許多藝術家與評論家則予以讚賞,因此 denounced 應解作「譴責、抨擊」。

定位答案的原文與翻譯

While the lay persons denounced his work, many artists and critics praised it.

翻譯:
「一般民眾抨擊他的作品,但許多藝術家與評論家卻讚賞他的作品。」

句中 while 表示對比,前後形成「一般民眾批評」與「藝術家、評論家讚賞」的反差。由此可知 denounced 是負面語意。

解題方法

先判斷空格所在句的情緒方向:

  • lay persons:一般民眾、非專業人士
  • denounced his work:對他的作品抱持負面評價
  • many artists and critics praised it:許多藝術家與評論家讚賞他的作品

由於 denounced 與 praised 構成語意對比,答案必須是「批評、譴責」類的字。四個選項中,只有 condemned 符合。

選項分析

(A) condemned:譴責、批判、斥責。
與 denounced 意義最接近,符合句中一般民眾對 Epstein 作品的負面評價,正確。

(B) damaged:損害、破壞。
表示造成實際上的損壞,例如破壞雕像或建築物;不表示「公開批評某人的作品」。語意不符。

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第 39 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Jacob Epstein’s sculptures were the focus of much controversy during the sculptor’s lifetime. Epstein was born in the United States of Russian-Jewish immigrants in 1880. He moved to Paris in his youth and later to England, where he eventually settled and took out British citizenship in 1907. His first major public commission, on a building in London, offended most people because of the expressive distortion and nudity of the figures. In 1937, the Rhodesian government, which at that time owned the building, actually mutilated the sculptures to make them conform to public notions of decency. Many Epstein’s monumental carvings also received adverse criticism. While the lay persons denounced his work, many artists and critics praised it. They admired in particular the diversity of his work and noted how it was influenced by the primitive and ancient sculptural motifs from Africa and the Pacific. Today, Epstein’s work has received the recognition it deserves, and Epstein is considered one of the major sculptors of the twentieth century.

  1. The passage states that some people didn’t like some of Epstein’s sculptures because they found the sculptures _____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「因果關係與同義轉換」。解題關鍵是找出文章中說明「人們不喜歡 Epstein 雕塑的原因」的句子,再將題目中的語意與原文比對。

題目問:

Some people didn’t like some of Epstein’s sculptures because they found the sculptures _____.

意為:「有些人不喜歡 Epstein 的某些雕塑,因為他們認為這些雕塑很_____。」

必須尋找描述雕塑「令人反感、冒犯大眾」的內容。

解題方法

文章提到 Epstein 在倫敦建築物上的第一件重要公共委託作品:

His first major public commission, on a building in London, offended most people because of the expressive distortion and nudity of the figures.

翻譯為:

「他在倫敦一棟建築物上的第一件重要公共委託作品,因為人物造型的強烈變形與裸體,而冒犯了大多數人。」

其中:

  • offended:冒犯,使反感
  • expressive distortion:具有表現力的變形
  • nudity:裸體

題目中的 didn’t like 對應文章中的 offended most people,而空格所需填入的是形容這些雕塑帶給人感受的形容詞,因此答案為 offensive,意為「冒犯的、令人反感的」。

文章後面也再次呼應:

While the lay persons denounced his work, many artists and critics praised it.

翻譯為:

「一般民眾譴責他的作品,但許多藝術家與評論家卻稱讚他的作品。」

這表示部分大眾因作品的裸體與強烈變形而感到反感,但藝術界人士則欣賞其藝術特色。

選項分析

(A) badly made

意為「製作粗劣的、做得很差的」。

文章並未說 Epstein 的雕塑製作不良,反而指出許多藝術家與評論家讚賞他的作品,尤其欣賞其多樣性。因此本選項與文章內容不符。

(B) mutilated

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第 40 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Jacob Epstein’s sculptures were the focus of much controversy during the sculptor’s lifetime. Epstein was born in the United States of Russian-Jewish immigrants in 1880. He moved to Paris in his youth and later to England, where he eventually settled and took out British citizenship in 1907. His first major public commission, on a building in London, offended most people because of the expressive distortion and nudity of the figures. In 1937, the Rhodesian government, which at that time owned the building, actually mutilated the sculptures to make them conform to public notions of decency. Many Epstein’s monumental carvings also received adverse criticism. While the lay persons denounced his work, many artists and critics praised it. They admired in particular the diversity of his work and noted how it was influenced by the primitive and ancient sculptural motifs from Africa and the Pacific. Today, Epstein’s work has received the recognition it deserves, and Epstein is considered one of the major sculptors of the twentieth century.

  1. Today, a newly erected Epstein’s sculpture would probably _____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「前後文推論」與語意判斷,重點是比較 Epstein 雕塑在過去與現今所受到的評價。

文章描述:

  • Epstein 生前的作品曾引起爭議。
  • 早期作品因人物的變形表現與裸露而遭到大眾反感。
  • 甚至有雕塑被政府毀損,以符合當時社會對「端莊」的看法。
  • 然而,許多藝術家與評論家欣賞他的作品。
  • 今日,Epstein 的作品已獲得應有的肯定,並被視為二十世紀重要雕刻家之一。

因此,若今日新設立一座 Epstein 的雕塑,合理推論應是受到大眾良好接受。

解題方法

本題應掌握文章最後對 Epstein 的評價轉折:

“Today, Epstein’s work has received the recognition it deserves, and Epstein is considered one of the major sculptors of the twentieth century.”

意思是:

「如今,Epstein 的作品已獲得其應有的肯定,而 Epstein 也被視為二十世紀重要的雕刻家之一。」

句中的 Today 表示評價已由過去的爭議與批評轉為現今的肯定。題目問的是:

Today, a newly erected Epstein’s sculpture would probably _____.

意思是:

「如今,一座新設立的 Epstein 雕塑大概會受到何種待遇?」

依據文章最後的正面評價,最合理的答案是「受到良好接納」,即 be well received。

文法與語意重點

would probably be + 過去分詞 表示根據文章內容所作的推論:

  • would probably:大概會、很可能會
  • be well received:受到良好接納、獲得好評

其中 received 並非單純「收到」,而是表示「受到某種反應或評價」。常見搭配包括:

  • be well received:受到好評、廣受歡迎
  • be poorly received:受到負面評價
  • be adversely criticized:受到不利的批評

題目中的 newly erected 是過去分詞片語,修飾 sculpture:

  • erect:豎立、建立
  • newly erected sculpture:新設立的雕塑

關鍵單字與片語

  • sculpture:雕塑、雕刻作品
  • controversy:爭議
  • sculptor:雕刻家
  • immigrant:移民
  • settle:定居
  • citizenship:公民身分
  • commission:委託創作的作品
  • offend:冒犯,使反感
  • expressive distortion:表現性的變形
  • nudity:裸露
  • mutilate:毀損、肢解
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第 IV 題20 分

English Composition

Write your ideas in no more than 250 words.

The smart phone is getting so popular that it is almost a necessity for modern people. Despite its popularity, some people are still reluctant to get a smart phone. In your viewpoints, what are the reasons for NOT possessing and using a smart phone? Explain and elaborate your reasons and support your arguments.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是「議論式英文作文」,要求考生針對「不擁有、不使用智慧型手機的理由」提出立場,並加以解釋、延伸與舉例支持。高分文章必須具備:

  1. 明確立場:清楚表達支持不使用智慧型手機的理由。
  2. 完整論點:至少提出二至三個理由。
  3. 邏輯推展:每個理由都要說明造成的影響。
  4. 適當讓步:承認智慧型手機的便利性,再說明不使用它仍有合理性。
  5. 段落結構:開頭表明觀點,中段逐項論證,結尾總結。

題幹要求作答的關鍵句是:

“In your viewpoints, what are the reasons for NOT possessing and using a smart phone?”
「依你的觀點,不擁有並使用智慧型手機的理由有哪些?」

其中 NOT 以大寫呈現,表示文章重點不是討論智慧型手機的優點,而是集中論述「拒絕擁有或使用」的原因。

題幹文法與語意重點

  • be getting so popular that...:變得如此普及,以至於……
  • almost a necessity:幾乎成為必需品。
  • despite + 名詞/動名詞:儘管……
    例如:Despite its popularity, ...
  • be reluctant to + 原形動詞:不情願做……
  • possess:擁有,語氣比 have 正式。
  • possess and use:兩個動詞共用 to,完整形式為 to possess and use。
  • support one’s arguments:支持自己的論點。
  • in one’s viewpoint 不如 in my view 或 from my point of view 自然;正式作文宜使用後兩者。
  • smartphone 現代英文通常合寫為一個字;題目使用 smart phone,作文可使用較常見的 smartphone。

解題方法

本題最穩定的切入方式是採用「三理由議論法」:

  1. 先承認智慧型手機帶來便利,避免立場顯得片面。
  2. 提出三個不使用的理由:
  • 容易分心,降低工作與學習效率。
  • 造成隱私與資訊安全風險。
  • 增加花費與心理依賴。
  1. 每個理由都補充具體結果,使文章不只是列舉名詞。
  2. 結尾重申:便利不等於不可取代,不使用智慧型手機仍可維持正常生活。

建議文章架構

  • 第一段:說明智慧型手機雖然便利,但不一定適合所有人。
  • 第二段:說明容易分心,影響專注力。
  • 第三段:說明隱私安全與經濟負擔。
  • 第四段:總結不使用智慧型手機的合理性。

參考範文

Although smartphones make communication convenient, owning one is not always beneficial. In my view, there are three strong reasons for refusing to possess and use a smartphone.

First, smartphones easily distract people. Constant notifications, social media, and online videos can interrupt studying, working, and face-to-face conversations. A person may intend to use the phone for only a few minutes but waste an entire hour without noticing.

Second, smartphones create privacy and security risks. Applications often collect users’ personal information, locations, and browsing habits. In addition, careless users may become victims of scams, identity theft, or unauthorized access to their accounts.

Finally, not having a smartphone can reduce unnecessary expenses and psychological dependence. Besides the price of the dev

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其他考古題

104 年慈濟大學的其他科目

慈濟大學《英文》其他年度

其他學校的《英文》