慈濟大學 109 年 《英文》
第 1 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Phrase: Choose the word that best fits in the sentence.
Light pollution can alter how sea turtles choose breeding grounds sites.
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核心觀念
本題考 生態相關字彙與語意搭配,關鍵在於理解海龜上岸繁殖時會選擇「築巢地」或「產卵地」。
海龜選擇繁殖地點,主要是為了挖掘巢穴、產卵,因此與「築巢、產卵」相關的形容詞是 nesting。
題幹定位句:
Light pollution can alter how sea turtles choose breeding grounds sites.
光害可能改變海龜選擇繁殖地點的方式。
其中,海龜選擇的地點應與 nesting sites(築巢地、產卵地)概念相連,故官方答案選 nesting。
解題方法
先判斷句子的主題:
- 主詞:sea turtles(海龜)
- 動詞:choose(選擇)
- 受詞:breeding grounds/sites(繁殖地點)
- 情境:light pollution(光害)影響海龜尋找繁殖地
海龜的繁殖行為包含上岸、挖巢與產卵,因此最符合語意的字是 nesting。
常見搭配包括:
- nesting site:築巢地、產卵地
- nesting ground:築巢地、產卵地
- nesting beach:產卵海灘
- nesting behavior:築巢行為
選項分析
(A) nesting
nesting 是動詞 nest 的現在分詞,也可作形容詞,意為「築巢的、產卵的」。
海龜上岸繁殖時會選擇適合挖巢及產卵的地點,因此 nesting site 或 nesting ground 都是合理的生態學搭配。
本選項符合題幹中海龜繁殖行為的語意,故正確。
(B) diurnal
diurnal 意為「晝行性的、白天活動的」,指動物主要在白天活動,例如:
- diurnal animals:晝行性動物
- diurnal activity:白天活動
第 2 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Phrase: Choose the word that best fits in the sentence.
On 31 March 2020, the American President, Donald Trump, strongly argued that journalists should not ask snarky questions on coronavirus testing in the United States.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與「語境判斷」,核心在於理解形容詞所帶的情緒色彩,並判斷哪個選項最接近題幹中 snarky questions 的負面語意。
題幹關鍵片語為:
strongly argued that...:強烈主張……journalists should not ask...:記者不應該提出……snarky questions:尖酸刻薄、譏諷、帶刺的問題coronavirus testing:冠狀病毒檢測
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句:
Donald Trump strongly argued that journalists should not ask snarky questions on coronavirus testing in the United States.
翻譯:
Donald Trump 強烈主張,記者不應該針對美國的冠狀病毒檢測提出尖酸刻薄的問題。
句型結構為:
argue that + 子句:主張/爭辯……should not + 原形動詞:不應該……ask questions:提出問題snarky修飾questions
題目要找的是能表達「帶有負面情緒、令人不悅或帶刺」的形容詞。
解題方法
先掌握 snarky 的語意:它通常指說話或提問方式尖銳、挖苦、譏諷,帶有不友善的態度。
四個選項中,只有 irritable 與「易怒、不耐煩、令人感到不悅的情緒」有關。依官方答案的命題方向,題幹將 snarky questions 理解為會使人感到惱怒、具有刺激性或不友善的問題,因此選擇 (C) irritable。
選項分析
(A) creditable
creditable 意為「值得稱許的;可信的;值得肯定的」。
例如:
a creditable performance:值得肯定的表現a creditable achievement:值得稱許的成就
creditable questions 會表示「值得肯定的問題」或「可信的問題」,與題幹所需的尖酸、譏諷語氣相反,因此錯誤。
第 3 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Phrase: Choose the word that best fits in the sentence.
This medical research explored the significance of carotid augmentation index detected by e-tracking technique.
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核心觀念
本題考查醫學英文中的字義判斷,以及依據上下文選擇最符合語意的名詞。
題幹中的關鍵片語是:
- medical research:醫學研究
- explore the significance of ...:探討……的重要性/意義
- carotid:頸動脈的
- augmentation index:增強指數
- detected by ...:由……偵測
- e-tracking technique:電子追蹤技術
其中 augmentation 的核心意思是「增加、增強、擴大」。因此,與「expansion(擴張、擴大)」的語意最接近。
題幹翻譯與定位
原句:
This medical research explored the significance of carotid augmentation index detected by e-tracking technique.
翻譯:
這項醫學研究探討了以電子追蹤技術偵測到的頸動脈增強指數之重要性。
題幹以 carotid augmentation index 作為醫學名詞使用。augmentation 表示某種程度的「增加或增強」,所以選項中能表達相近概念的是 expansion。
解題方法
先抓句子的語意骨架:
This medical research explored the significance of X.
意思是「這項醫學研究探討 X 的重要性」。因此,空格中的字必須能與醫學研究及血管指標形成合理搭配,且語意應與「增加、擴大、增強」有關。
augmentation 源自動詞 augment,意思是「增加、增強」。在血管與心血管研究中,augmentation index 是與動脈壓力波反射及血管硬化程度相關的指標,重點在於壓力波反射造成的壓力增加。因此,選擇表示「擴大、增加」的 expansion 最符合題意。
選項分析
(A) distillation
- distillation:蒸餾、精煉。
- 常見於化學、製藥或液體純化過程,例如 the distillation of alcohol(酒精的蒸餾)。
第 4 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Phrase: Choose the word that best fits in the sentence.
Oil was also slammed by the _____ of further disruption to the US economy and with Saudi Arabia apparently determined to pursue a price war with Russia and American producers to regain market share.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與固定搭配,關鍵結構是:
the prospect of + 名詞/動名詞
……的可能性、前景
句中 the prospect of further disruption to the US economy 意為「美國經濟進一步受到干擾的可能性」。由於經濟受到干擾通常會造成油價與市場信心承壓,因此符合 Oil was also slammed by... 的負面語意。
解題方法
先觀察空格後方的結構:
the _____ of further disruption
空格後接名詞片語 further disruption,最自然的搭配是 the prospect of + 名詞,表示「某事發生的可能性或前景」。
題幹定位答案的關鍵句為:
Oil was also slammed by the prospect of further disruption to the US economy
油價也受到「美國經濟可能進一步遭受干擾」的打擊。
後半句:
with Saudi Arabia apparently determined to pursue a price war with Russia and American producers to regain market share
可譯為:「而沙烏地阿拉伯顯然決心與俄羅斯及美國生產商展開價格戰,以重新取得市場占有率。」
整句表示:油價受到兩項因素打擊——美國經濟可能進一步惡化,以及沙烏地阿拉伯決意發動價格戰。
選項分析
(A) prospect(名詞):可能性;前景;展望。
the prospect of further disruption 是自然且正確的搭配,意為「進一步受到干擾的可能性」,符合文法與上下文。故選此項。
(B) prophetic(形容詞):預言性的;預示未來的。
此處需要放在 the _____ of 中形成名詞片語,且 the prophetic of further disruption
第 5 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Phrase: Choose the word that best fits in the sentence.
The agency called for the public to remain _____ for rain and gusts of wind, after it issued an emergency weather warning.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與固定搭配。句意為氣象機關發布緊急天氣警報後,呼籲民眾對即將到來的降雨與強陣風保持警戒。
關鍵片語為:
- remain vigilant:保持警戒、提高警覺
- be vigilant for + 名詞:對……保持警戒
- gusts of wind:陣風、強陣風
- emergency weather warning:緊急天氣警報
解題方法
先觀察空格前後:
remain _____ for rain and gusts of wind
remain 後面可接形容詞,表示「維持某種狀態」。因此空格應填形容詞。四個選項中,vigorous 與 vigilant 為形容詞,但必須進一步依語意判斷。
題幹提到「發布緊急天氣警報」,呼籲民眾對降雨及強陣風「保持警戒」,因此應選表示「警覺的、警戒的」的 vigilant。
題幹定位句:
The agency called for the public to remain vigilant for rain and gusts of wind, after it issued an emergency weather warning.
翻譯:
該機關發布緊急天氣警報後,呼籲民眾對降雨及強陣風保持警戒。
選項分析
(A) vision
vision 是名詞,意思是「視力、視覺;遠見、構想」。
例如:
- good vision:良好的視力
- a vision for the future:對未來的構想
本句 remain vision 不符合 remain + 形容詞 的文法,也不符合「保持警戒」的語意,因此錯誤。
(B) voyage
voyage 是名詞,意思是「航行、航海;長途旅行」。
例如:
第 6 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Phrase: Choose the word that best fits in the sentence.
It is evident from the examination of Schlesinger’s accomplishment in making films in the encyclopedia, which demonstrates his _____ as an auteur director.
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核心觀念
本題考查字彙辨析與語境判斷,關鍵在於理解名詞 eminence 的正面語意。
題幹提到 Schlesinger 在電影製作上的成就,並以 auteur director(具有鮮明個人藝術風格、被視為電影作者的導演)作為補充說明,因此空格應填入表示「卓越地位、聲望」的正面名詞。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
It is evident from the examination of Schlesinger’s accomplishment in making films in the encyclopedia, which demonstrates his _____ as an auteur director.
可翻譯為:
從百科全書對 Schlesinger 電影製作成就的考察中,可以明顯看出,這證明了他作為電影作者型導演的_____。
「電影製作上的成就」與「auteur director」都在強調 Schlesinger 的藝術成就與專業地位,故空格應填入正面意義的「卓越、聲望」。
解題方法
先判斷空格所需詞性。所有選項皆為名詞,因此主要依靠語意判斷。
再觀察上下文:
- accomplishment 表示「成就」。
- auteur director 強調導演的藝術地位與個人風格。
- demonstrates his _____ 表示「展現/證明他的某種特質或地位」。
因此,最合理的搭配是:
demonstrate his eminence
證明他的卓越地位/聲望
選項分析
(A) interference:干涉、妨礙、干擾
此字通常指介入他人事務,或對某件事造成干擾,例如:
political interference
政治干涉
「電影製作成就證明他的干涉」語意不通,且 interference 是負面或中性的行為,與題幹對導演成就的肯定不符。
(B) eminence:卓越、傑出;崇高地位;聲望
此字指某人在專業領域中具有傑出成就與崇高地位,常用於學術、藝術、醫學等領域。
his eminence as an auteur director
他作為電影作者型導演的卓越地位/聲望
Schlesinger 的電影成就正好可以證明他在導演領域的卓越地位,因此選 eminence。
(C) hindrance:妨礙、障礙、阻礙
第 7 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Phrase: Choose the word that best fits in the sentence.
The city government's decision to tear down the fruit market met with _____ opposition from local citizens.
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核心觀念
本題考查單字辨義與語意搭配,尤其是形容詞與 opposition(反對、反對意見)搭配時的語意。
關鍵片語是:
tear down:拆除、拆掉meet with opposition:遭遇反對local citizens:當地市民virulent opposition:極其強烈、惡毒或敵意的反對
題幹中的 opposition 已表示「反對」,空格應填入能修飾反對程度或態度的形容詞。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句為:
The city government's decision to tear down the fruit market met with _____ opposition from local citizens.
翻譯為:
市政府拆除水果市場的決定,遭到當地市民極其強烈、充滿敵意的反對。
virulent 可表示「極具敵意的、惡毒的、猛烈的」,因此 virulent opposition 表示「強烈且帶有敵意的反對」,符合句意與搭配。
選項分析
(A) affluent
意為「富裕的、富有的」,通常修飾人、家庭、地區或社會階層,例如:
an affluent family:富裕家庭an affluent neighborhood:富裕社區
affluent opposition 意為「富裕的反對」,語意不合,不能表達市民反對的強烈程度,因此錯誤。
(B) redundant
意為「多餘的、累贅的、重複而不必要的」,常用於描述資訊、工作、人力或字句,例如:
第 8 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Phrase: Choose the word that best fits in the sentence.
With one voice, all of the member states approved the deal _____ without any hesitation.
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核心觀念
本題考「字彙辨析」與「語意搭配」。空格位於動詞片語 approved the deal 之後,需要填入副詞,說明各會員國是以何種方式通過協議。
關鍵提示是片語 with one voice,意為「異口同聲地、全體一致地」。因此空格應填入表示「一致地、全體同意地」的副詞 unanimously。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句:
With one voice, all of the member states approved the deal unanimously without any hesitation.
翻譯:
各會員國異口同聲地、毫不遲疑地一致通過了這項協議。
其中:
- with one voice:異口同聲地;一致地
- all of the member states:所有會員國
- approve the deal:批准/通過這項協議
- without any hesitation:毫不遲疑地
解題方法
先判斷詞性。空格用來修飾動詞 approved,因此需要副詞。
再利用語意線索:
- with one voice 已表示「全體採取相同立場」。
- all of the member states 表示所有會員國都參與決定。
- without any hesitation 表示沒有猶豫,進一步加強「一致迅速同意」的語氣。
最符合整句語意的副詞是 unanimously,意思是「一致地;全體同意地」。
選項分析
(A) unanimously
意為「一致地;全體同意地」,是副詞。
例句:
The committee voted unanimously in favor of the proposal.
意為「委員會一致投票贊成這項提案。」
放入題幹後:
all of the member states approved the deal unanimously
意為「所有會員國一致通過這項協議」,與 with one voice 及 all of the member states 的語意完全吻合。
因此 (A) 正確。
第 9 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Phrase: Choose the word that best fits in the sentence.
Our Earth is facing an _____ climate crisis and it requires every human being to minimize his impact.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨識」與「形容詞和名詞的語意搭配」。
題幹中的關鍵名詞是 climate crisis(氣候危機)。氣候危機通常描述其嚴重程度持續增加、情勢不斷惡化,因此需要搭配表示「逐漸加劇、升高」的形容詞 escalating。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句是:
Our Earth is facing an _____ climate crisis and it requires every human being to minimize his impact.
翻譯:
我們的地球正面臨一場日益加劇的氣候危機,這要求每一個人都盡量減少自己對環境造成的影響。
空格後面的 climate crisis 指的是氣候危機。依據句意,氣候危機正在變得更加嚴重,因此應填入 escalating,形成:
an escalating climate crisis
一場日益加劇的氣候危機
文法上,escalating 是現在分詞作形容詞,修飾 climate crisis。此外,escalating 以母音音素開頭,前面使用冠詞 an,搭配正確。
選項分析
(A) ostentatious
ostentatious 意為「炫耀的、鋪張的、賣弄的」,通常用來形容人的行為、服飾、裝飾或生活方式,例如:
- an ostentatious display
鋪張炫耀的展示 - an ostentatious lifestyle
奢華炫耀的生活方式
ostentatious climate crisis 變成「炫耀的氣候危機」,語意不合,因此錯誤。
(B) inveterate
inveterate 意為「根深蒂固的、積習已久的」,常修飾長期形成且難以改變的習慣或行為,例如:
- an inveterate smoker
積習已久的吸菸者 - an inveterate habit
根深蒂固的習慣
第 10 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Phrase: Choose the word that best fits in the sentence.
East Africa has been hit by severe _____ of desert locust swarms and is suffering from food shortage.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與「語境搭配」。句意描述東非遭受沙漠蝗蟲群的大規模侵襲,因而出現糧食短缺。空格後的 of desert locust swarms 表示「由沙漠蝗蟲群所造成的……」,需填入能表達「入侵、侵襲」的名詞。
關鍵搭配為:
- an invasion of ...:對……的入侵、侵襲
- desert locust swarm(s):沙漠蝗蟲群
- food shortage:糧食短缺、食物不足
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句:
East Africa has been hit by severe _____ of desert locust swarms and is suffering from food shortage.
翻譯:
東非遭受嚴重的沙漠蝗蟲群侵襲,目前正飽受糧食短缺之苦。
其中 has been hit by 意為「遭受、受到……打擊」;與 desert locust swarms 搭配後,最合理的語意是「遭受蝗蟲群的入侵」。
解題方法
先判斷句子需要的詞性。空格位於 severe 與 of desert locust swarms 之間,因此需要一個名詞,且該名詞應能表示蝗蟲群對地區造成的大規模侵襲。
再將各選項帶入語境:
- 「嚴重的蝗蟲群入侵」語意完整。
- 「嚴重的蝗蟲群行動」不合句意。
- 「嚴重的蝗蟲群磨難」搭配不自然。
- 「嚴重的蝗蟲群碰撞」不符合事件性質。
因此選 invasions。此處使用複數,表示多次或多起蝗蟲入侵事件。
選項分析
(A) campaigns
campaign 是「運動、活動、戰役」,例如:
- an advertising campaign:廣告活動
- a military campaign:軍事戰役
- a political campaign:政治競選活動
第 11 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Phrase: Choose the word that best fits in the sentence.
Recently, psychologists have proposed that _____ is an issue about how to manage our emotions rather than our time.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與「語意搭配」。題幹討論心理學家對某種心理或行為問題的看法,關鍵在於:
Recently, psychologists have proposed that _____ is an issue about how to manage our emotions rather than our time.
最近,心理學家提出,_____ 是一個關於如何管理情緒,而不是管理時間的問題。
句中空格需要填入一個抽象名詞,且該名詞必須能合理搭配「管理情緒,而非管理時間」的概念。
解題方法
先觀察句型:
psychologists have proposed that + 子句:心理學家提出……_____ is an issue about how to manage...:空格處是主詞,需填入名詞。rather than:而不是,用來形成對比。
「管理時間」常被視為改善拖延的方法,但現代心理學常指出,拖延不只是時間管理能力不足,也與焦慮、壓力、無聊、挫折等情緒調節有關。因此,題幹所描述的主題是「拖延」。
代入後:
Recently, psychologists have proposed that procrastination is an issue about how to manage our emotions rather than our time.
意思是:最近,心理學家提出,拖延是一個關於如何管理情緒,而不是管理時間的問題。語意完整且符合心理學討論。
選項分析
(A) perspiration
perspiration 是名詞,意為「汗水、出汗」。
代入句中:
perspiration is an issue about how to manage our emotions rather than our time.
意思變成「出汗是如何管理情緒而不是時間的問題」,與題幹語意完全不合,因此錯誤。
(B) implication
implication 是名詞,意為「含意、暗示、牽連的結果」。
它通常用於表示某件事所暗示的意義或可能帶來的影響,例如:
第 12 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Phrase: Choose the word that best fits in the sentence.
Scientists consider this a remarkable feat, _____ heavy lifting equipment used in modern construction was not available at that time.
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核心觀念
本題考「連接詞片語」的語意與語體,重點在於判斷空格前後兩個子句之間的邏輯關係。
題幹為:
Scientists consider this a remarkable feat, _____ heavy lifting equipment used in modern construction was not available at that time.
科學家認為這是一項了不起的成就,因為當時現代建築所使用的重型起重設備尚未問世。
後半句說明「為什麼這項成就是了不起的」:當時沒有現代重型起重設備,卻能完成這項工程。因此空格需要表達「考量到、鑑於」的意思。
解題方法
given that + 子句 表示「考量到……」「鑑於……」「既然……這個事實」,用來將某項事實納入判斷或評價。
代入後:
Scientists consider this a remarkable feat, given that heavy lifting equipment used in modern construction was not available at that time.
意思是:
考量到當時沒有現代建築使用的重型起重設備,科學家認為這是一項了不起的成就。
前後語意銜接自然,且 given that 適合正式書面語境,故選 D。
選項分析
(A) granted that
granted that 表示「姑且承認……」「即使承認……」,帶有讓步語氣,相當於 although 或 admittedly。
例如:
Granted that the task was difficult, it was still possible.
姑且承認這項任務很困難,但它仍然是可能完成的。
本題需要的是「沒有重型設備,因此這項成就更值得驚嘆」的背景條件,而非「姑且承認」的讓步關係。因此語意不如 given that,不是最佳答案。
(B) seeing that
seeing that 可表示「既然……」「因為……」,在語意上並非完全不通:
Scientists consider this a remarkable feat, seeing that heavy lifting equipment was not available.
第 13 題2 分
Parasite, a South Korean film dealing with the gap between the haves and the have-nots, has _____ box office records and won several international awards.
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核心觀念
本題考的是「字義辨析」與「固定搭配」。句意描述電影《寄生上流》的票房表現及國際成就,空格後接 box office records(票房紀錄),最自然的搭配是:
smash box office records
=打破、刷新票房紀錄,且通常帶有「大幅超越、取得驚人成績」的語氣。
題幹中的 has smashed 與 won 並列,皆為現在完成式,表示這部電影至今已經取得的成就。
解題方法
先定位語意線索:
Parasite, a South Korean film dealing with the gap between the haves and the have-nots, has _____ box office records and won several international awards.
翻譯:
《寄生上流》是一部探討富人與窮人之間差距的南韓電影,已經打破票房紀錄,並且贏得數項國際獎項。
句中 box office records 指的是電影在票房方面所創下的紀錄。能與 records 搭配,且符合電影獲得巨大成功的語意,應選 smashed。
完整句為:
Parasite ... has smashed box office records and won several international awards.
其中:
- has smashed:已打破、已刷新
- won:贏得
- has smashed ... and won ...:兩個動詞並列,共同描述電影的成就
選項分析
(A) mitigated
mitigate 的意思是「減輕、緩和、緩解」,常用於:
- mitigate the impact:減輕影響
- mitigate the problem:緩解問題
- mitigate the damage:降低損害
mitigated box office records 意為「緩和票房紀錄」,語意不通。票房紀錄不是需要被減輕或緩和的負面問題,因此錯誤。
(B) smashed
smash 原意是「擊碎、打碎」,在新聞與競賽語境中也可表示「大幅打破紀錄、取得壓倒性成功」。
常見搭配包括:
第 14 題2 分
Jeff did not mean to offend Cindy about her hairdo. He was simply making a(n) _____ remark when highlighting that it was too elaborate for a girl of her young and tender age.
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核心觀念
本題考「慣用形容詞與語境判斷」。句中空格修飾名詞 remark,須選出能表達「帶有玩笑、反諷意味的評論」之形容詞片語。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
He was simply making a(n) _____ remark when highlighting that it was too elaborate for a girl of her young and tender age.
意思是:
當他指出那個髮型對一個年紀尚輕、涉世未深的女孩而言過於繁複時,他只是在發表一番___的評論。
前句:
Jeff did not mean to offend Cindy about her hairdo.
意思是:
Jeff 並不是有意要因 Cindy 的髮型而冒犯她。
前後文顯示,Jeff 的話雖然可能聽起來尖銳,卻不是要認真批評或傷害 Cindy,而是帶有玩笑、揶揄或反諷意味。因此應選 tongue-in-cheek。
解題方法
將各選項代入「a(n) _____ remark」後,判斷其語意是否符合:
- 能否修飾 remark。
- 是否符合 Jeff「沒有意圖冒犯,只是開玩笑」的說話目的。
- 是否能合理描述「髮型對年輕女孩而言過於繁複」這項評論。
tongue-in-cheek 是慣用語,意為「非認真地、帶諷刺或戲謔意味地」。因此 a tongue-in-cheek remark 就是「帶有戲謔或反諷意味的評論」,完全符合題意。
選項分析
(A) ear-splitting
- ear-splitting:震耳欲聾的、極其吵鬧的。
- 通常修飾 noise、sound、scream 等與聲音有關的名詞。
- an ear-splitting remark 雖可勉強理解為「非常大聲的評論」,但題幹重點在於 Jeff 是否帶著玩笑意味,而不是音量大小。
- 故錯誤。
(B) eye-opening
第 15 題2 分
Lots of employees from this well-known company go on strike today, for they are not _____ the new pension scheme.
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核心觀念
本題考查「片語語意與語境判讀」,並涉及介系詞搭配:
- go on strike:罷工
- pension scheme:退休金制度、退休金方案
- for:因為、由於,連接前後兩個完整子句,表示原因
- be prone to + 名詞/動名詞:傾向於……;容易……
- be on board with + 名詞:支持、贊成……;認同……
題幹的因果關係是:員工今天罷工,因為他們不認同新的退休金制度。
題幹定位與翻譯
Lots of employees from this well-known company go on strike today, for they are not _____ the new pension scheme.
翻譯為:
這家知名公司的許多員工今天罷工,因為他們不傾向於接受新的退休金制度。
依校方釋疑後的官方答案,空格填入 prone to,將 not prone to 解作「不傾向於接受、不願意採用」。
解題方法
先觀察空格後方接的是 the new pension scheme,因此需要能接名詞的片語。四個選項在形式上都能與名詞搭配,關鍵必須放在語意:
- 前句 go on strike 表示員工以罷工反對某項制度。
- 後句以 for 說明罷工原因。
- 依官方更正答案,將「不傾向於接受新退休金制度」理解為罷工原因,因此選 not prone to。
選項分析
(A) on board with
on board with 表示「支持、贊成、認同」。
例如:
The workers are not on board with the new policy.
工人不支持這項新政策。
就標準英文語意而言,(A) 放入題幹後:
they are not on board with the new pension scheme
意思是「他們不支持新的退休金制度」,與員工罷工的原因非常自然,且搭配也十分常見。
然而,本題官方原公布答案 A 後,校方釋疑公告將答案更正為 D。因此在本題作答時,必須依更正後的官方答案處理。這也是本題最主要的語意爭議點:就一般英語使用習慣而言,(A) 其實比 (D) 更直接、自然。
(B) endowed with
be endowed with 表示「被賦予……;具有……」,通常用於能力、天賦、資源或特質。
例如:
She is endowed with great musical talent.
她具有非凡的音樂天分。
題幹若填入:
第 16 題2 分
II. Grammar and Structure
(A) Select the phrase that best completes the sentence.
Never in my life _____ such an incredible exhibition, _____ I hope I can visit it again.
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核心觀念
本題考查三個重點:
- 否定副詞置於句首時的倒裝
- 現在完成式表達人生經驗
so much so that表示「如此……以致於……」
題幹句首有否定副詞 Never:
Never in my life _____ such an incredible exhibition, _____ I hope I can visit it again.
當 never、rarely、seldom、hardly 等否定或半否定副詞置於句首時,主要子句必須使用部分倒裝:
因此應為:
Never in my life have I seen such an incredible exhibition, so much so that I hope I can visit it again.
翻譯:
我這一生從未看過如此令人難以置信的展覽,以致於我希望能再次參觀它。
解題方法
第一步:判斷第一個空格
主句原本的正常語序是:
I have never seen such an incredible exhibition in my life.
意思是「我這一生從未看過如此令人難以置信的展覽」。
由於 Never in my life 移到句首,必須倒裝為:
Never in my life have I seen ...
不能寫成:
Never in my life I have seen ...
因此第一個空格只能選 have I seen。這已排除選項 B、C。
此外,in my life 表示截至目前為止的人生經驗,通常搭配現在完成式 have seen,而非過去完成式 had seen。
第二步:判斷第二個空格
so much so that 是固定片語,意思是:
如此……以致於……
其中:
so much:如此地、非常地so:如此that:以致於,引導結果子句
句型為:
..., so much so that + 子句
本題:
..., so much so that I hope I can visit it again.
意思是「如此令人驚嘆,以致於我希望能再次參觀」。
因此完整答案為:
Never in my life have I seen such an incredible exhibition, so much so that I hope I can visit it again.
選項分析
(A) have I seen, that so much
前半段 have I seen 正確,符合 Never 置於句首所引發的倒裝。
但後半段 that so much 不符合英文固定用法。若要表達「如此……以致於……」,應使用:
第 17 題2 分
The American paratroopers were dropped in the wrong places all over Normandy. None of them _____ the jump. Even if they did, they were probably killed in action.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 情態動詞 might 表示「可能」。
- 情態動詞 + have + 過去分詞,表示對過去事情的推測或可能性。
- would rather 表示「寧願……」,屬於偏好選擇,不能用來表示「可能存活」。
- 依上下文判斷動作發生的時間:傘兵已經在諾曼第空降,討論的是過去的跳傘結果,因此應使用完成式。
句型:
表示「過去可能曾經……」。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句是:
None of them _____ the jump.
他們沒有任何一人可能在這次跳傘中存活下來。
前一句提到:
The American paratroopers were dropped in the wrong places all over Normandy.
美國傘兵被空投到諾曼第各處錯誤的地點。
後一句又說:
Even if they did, they were probably killed in action.
即使他們真的存活下來,也很可能在戰鬥中陣亡。
整段是在描述已經發生的戰爭事件,以及傘兵過去存活的可能性。因此空格需要:
- 表示「可能」的情態動詞;
- 後接完成式,指過去的跳傘;
- 語意上能與後面的 Even if they did(即使他們真的存活)銜接。
(A) might ever have survived 符合上述條件。
完整句子為:
None of them might ever have survived the jump.
依本題官方答案,句意為:
他們之中沒有任何人可能在這次跳傘中存活下來。
其中:
- none of them:他們之中沒有任何人
- might:可能
- ever:曾經、在任何時候
- have survived:已經存活下來
- the jump:這次跳傘、跳傘行動
選項分析
(A) might ever have survived
正確。
might 是情態動詞,表示「可能」;have survived 是完成式,表示「在過去的跳傘中存活下來」。整體符合過去事件的語境。
句型結構為:
此處 ever 加強「曾經有任何可能」的語氣。配合 None of them,可理解為「沒有任何一人有可能存活」。
(B) might ever survive
錯誤。
此選項的結構是:
雖然文法上 might survive 本身可以表示「可能存活」,但它通常指現在或未來的可能性。題幹討論的是傘兵已經完成的跳傘,以及過去是否存活,因此應使用 might have survived。
此外,the jump 是已經發生的特定行動,使用完成式較符合時間關係。
第 18 題2 分
(B) Choose the underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.
Due to (A) persistent inbreeding, self-pollinating plants have (B) genetically more uniformed than cross-pollinated plants, which (C) carry more genetic variability (D).
校方公布看官方參考答案 ▾收合 ▴
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 現在完成式的結構:
- 連綴動詞 be 後接形容詞
- 形容詞與過去分詞形容詞的辨別
- 比較級句型: is more than
句中主詞為複數的 self-pollinating plants,主要結構應為:
self-pollinating plants have been genetically more uniform than cross-pollinated plants
意思是「自花授粉植物在遺傳上一直比異花授粉植物更一致」。
解題方法
先找句子的主要動詞:
self-pollinating plants have genetically more uniformed than cross-pollinated plants
主詞 self-pollinating plants 後面的 have 顯然是完成式助動詞,因此後面必須接過去分詞。此處句意是「變得/呈現更具遺傳一致性」,需要使用連綴動詞 be:
正確句型為:
have been genetically more uniform than ...
其中:
- have been:現在完成式,表示從過去持續到現在的狀態
- more uniform:比較級形容詞,表示「更一致」
- than cross-pollinated plants:比較對象為異花授粉植物
原句 B 為:
have genetically more uniformed
此處缺少 been,且 uniformed 不是「遺傳上一致」的正確用字,因此 B 為不合文法且不合語意的部分。
定位答案的原文與翻譯
題幹關鍵句為:
Due to persistent inbreeding, self-pollinating plants have genetically more uniformed than cross-pollinated plants, which carry more genetic variability.
翻譯為:
由於持續的近親繁殖,自花授粉植物在遺傳上比異花授粉植物更為一致,而異花授粉植物具有較多的遺傳變異性。
句中 have genetically more uniformed 應改為:
have been genetically more uniform
完整修正版為:
Due to persistent inbreeding, self-pollinating plants have been genetically more uniform than cross-pollinated plants, which carry more genetic variability.
選項分析
(A) Due to
Due to 是介系詞片語,表示「由於」,後面接名詞或名詞片語:
Due to persistent inbreeding
第 19 題2 分
Choose the underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.
Music is deeply rooted (A) in all cultures across the world and yet (B), unlike (C) food or shelter, it is not something we actually need (D) in order to survive.
校方公布看官方參考答案 ▾收合 ▴
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題目句子與翻譯
Music is deeply rooted in all cultures across the world and yet, unlike food or shelter, it is not something we actually need in order to survive.
音樂深深根植於全世界所有文化之中;然而,與食物或住所不同,音樂並不是我們為了生存而實際需要的事物。
核心觀念
本題考查:
- 固定搭配:
- 連接詞與轉折語的使用
- 引導比較對象
- 關係子句的省略與句型:
- 表示目的
句子的基本結構為:
Music is deeply rooted in all cultures across the world and yet, unlike food or shelter, it is not something we need in order to survive.
前半句指出音樂普遍存在於人類文化中,後半句則轉折說明音樂並非生存必需品。
解題方法
這類題目應逐一檢查畫線部分:
- 是否符合固定搭配?
- 連接詞是否能正確連接前後句?
- 比較結構是否完整?
- 動詞、代名詞與修飾語是否符合句型?
依官方答案,本題將第 B 部分視為轉折連接語使用不當。命題者預期此處使用單一轉折連接詞,例如:
Music is deeply rooted in all cultures across the world, but, unlike food or shelter, it is not something we need in order to survive.
或:
Music is deeply rooted in all cultures across the world; yet, unlike food or shelter, it is not something we need in order to survive.
因此官方答案判定為 B。
選項分析
(A)rooted:正確
是固定搭配,表示「根植於、深深存在於」。
- Music is deeply rooted in all cultures.
- 音樂深深根植於所有文化之中。
此處主詞為單數的 ,使用 ; 為過去分詞,與 構成被動或狀態表達,文法正確。
(B)and yet:依官方答案判定錯誤
第 20 題2 分
Choose the underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.
In 1884, Belva Ann Lockwood, a lawyer who (A) had appeared (B) before the Supreme Court, became (C) the first woman to be nominated (D) for President of the United States.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 關係代名詞子句中的時態運用。
appear before the Supreme Court的固定搭配。become + 名詞片語的句型。nominate A for/as B的用法與介系詞辨析。
題幹大意是:Belva Ann Lockwood 是一名曾在最高法院出庭的律師;她成為第一位獲提名為美國總統的女性。
解題方法
先找句子的主要結構:
Belva Ann Lockwood, a lawyer who had appeared before the Supreme Court, became the first woman to be nominated for President of the United States.
主詞是 Belva Ann Lockwood,主要動詞是 became。中間的 a lawyer who had appeared before the Supreme Court 是補充說明 Lockwood 的關係代名詞子句;後面的 the first woman to be nominated... 是 became 的主詞補語。
依官方答案,本題將 D 視為介系詞使用不當,認為應改為:
to be nominated as President of the United States
因此選 D。
定位答案的句子與翻譯
Belva Ann Lockwood ... became the first woman to be nominated for President of the United States.
翻譯:
Belva Ann Lockwood 成為第一位獲提名擔任美國總統的女性。
官方命題的判斷是:表示「被提名擔任某職位」時,應使用 be nominated as + 職位,所以 for President 應改為 as President。
選項分析
(A) had appeared
had appeared 是過去完成式,表示「在過去某一時間點之前已經出庭」。
句中 Lockwood 出庭的時間先於她「成為第一位女性」這個過去事件:
- 先前:她曾在最高法院出庭。
- 後來:她成為第一位獲提名的女性。
因此使用過去完成式 had appeared 正確。
appear before the Supreme Court 意為「在最高法院出庭」,其中 before 表示「在……面前、向……出庭」,是正確搭配。
(B) before
第 21 題
【題組共用題幹】
International collaboration has become a trend in many universities. For example, University of Queensland (UQ) in Brisbane, Australia and the Ochsner Health System in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. have a unique partnership to ____ international clinical opportunities for medical students, and collaborative opportunities for researchers from across the two continents. The Ochsner partnership began in 2008 when the two institutions ____ to establish the Ochsner Clinical School. Ochsner is Louisiana’s large nonprofit, academic, multispecialty healthcare delivery system, which owns, manages, or ____ 25 hospitals. Ochsner is very active in medical research, ____ more than 750 clinical research studies every year. About 120 American students enroll in UQ’s medical program each year. They complete their first two years of the degree in Brisbane and then the third and fourth years at UQ’s Ochsner Clinical School in New Orleans. The alliance has ____ a strong track record of transdisciplinary research collaborations between the two organizations.
- Select the most appropriate word for the first blank.
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核心觀念
本題考克漏字中的「語意判斷」與「動詞搭配」。解題重點是根據上下文判斷兩所大學合作的正面目的,再選出能與 opportunities 自然搭配的動詞。
關鍵句為:
have a unique partnership to ____ international clinical opportunities for medical students, and collaborative opportunities for researchers
翻譯:兩所機構建立獨特的合作關係,旨在為醫學生的國際臨床機會,以及兩大洲研究人員的合作機會,促進/培育相關發展。
解題方法
空格前為不定詞 to,後面接原形動詞,四個選項在文法形式上皆可接入,因此必須依語意與搭配判斷。
文章描述的是大學與醫療體系的「國際合作」,合作內容包括:
- 為醫學生提供國際臨床學習機會;
- 促進跨國研究人員的合作;
- 建立臨床學校;
- 推動醫學研究。
整體語氣是正面且具有建設性的,因此空格應填入表示「促進、培育、扶植」的 foster。
關鍵單字與片語
- international collaboration:國際合作
- unique partnership:獨特的合作關係
- clinical opportunities:臨床機會
- collaborative opportunities:合作機會
- foster:促進、培育、扶植
- appeal:呼籲;吸引力;提出請求
- deter:阻止、遏止,使打消念頭
- covet:覬覦、貪求
- establish:建立、創立
- nonprofit:非營利的
- multispecialty healthcare delivery system:多專科醫療服務體系
- clinical research studies:臨床研究
- enroll in:註冊就讀
- track record:過往紀錄、實績
- transdisciplinary research collaborations:跨學科研究合作
選項分析
(A) appeal
第 22 題
【題組共用題幹】
International collaboration has become a trend in many universities. For example, University of Queensland (UQ) in Brisbane, Australia, and the Ochsner Health System in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A., have a unique partnership to ____ international clinical opportunities for medical students and collaborative opportunities for researchers from across the two continents.
The Ochsner partnership began in 2008 when the two institutions ____ to establish the Ochsner Clinical School. Ochsner is Louisiana’s large nonprofit, academic, multispecialty healthcare delivery system, which owns, manages, or ____ 25 hospitals. Ochsner is very active in medical research, ____ more than 750 clinical research studies every year.
About 120 American students enroll in UQ’s medical program each year. They complete their first two years of the degree in Brisbane and then the third and fourth years at UQ’s Ochsner Clinical School in New Orleans. The alliance has ____ a strong track record of transdisciplinary research collaborations between the two organizations.
- The Ochsner partnership began in 2008 when the two institutions ____ to establish the Ochsner Clinical School.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查:
- 片語動詞的語意辨析
- 固定搭配與上下文判斷
- 過去式動詞與不定詞片語的搭配:
institutions teamed up to establish...
句型為:
The two institutions teamed up to establish the Ochsner Clinical School.
兩個機構攜手合作,以成立 Ochsner 臨床學校。
team up 意為「合作、聯手、攜手」,通常用於兩個以上的人、團體或組織共同完成某件事,常見搭配為:
team up with someone:與某人合作team up to do something:合作做某事
解題方法
先觀察空格前後:
The Ochsner partnership began in 2008 when the two institutions ____ to establish the Ochsner Clinical School.
關鍵線索有兩個:
- 主詞是
the two institutions,表示兩個機構共同參與。 - 後接
to establish...,表示「合作以成立……」。
前文也提到:
International collaboration has become a trend in many universities.
以及:
...have a unique partnership...
全文主旨是大學與醫療體系之間的「國際合作」。因此空格應填入表示「攜手合作」的片語。四個選項中只有 teamed up 符合語意與搭配。
team up 的過去式為 teamed up,正好配合時間副詞 in 2008 以及過去式 began。
題幹定位句與翻譯
The Ochsner partnership began in 2008 when the two institutions teamed up to establish the Ochsner Clinical School.
翻譯:
Ochsner 合作關係始於 2008 年,當時這兩個機構攜手合作,成立了 Ochsner 臨床學校。
選項分析
(A) made up
make up 常見意思包括:
- 編造、虛構:
make up a story - 構成、組成:
Women make up 50% of the workforce. - 和好:
make up with someone - 化妝:
make up one’s face
made up to establish 並不是「合作成立」的自然搭配。即使將 make up 理解為「組成」,也無法表達兩個機構共同合作的意思,因此錯誤。
(B) rounded up
round up 意為:
第 23 題
【題組共用題幹】
International collaboration has become a trend in many universities. For example, University of Queensland (UQ) in Brisbane, Australia, and the Ochsner Health System in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A., have a unique partnership to ____ international clinical opportunities for medical students and collaborative opportunities for researchers from across the two continents.
The Ochsner partnership began in 2008 when the two institutions ____ to establish the Ochsner Clinical School. Ochsner is Louisiana’s large nonprofit, academic, multispecialty healthcare delivery system, which owns, manages, or ____ 25 hospitals. Ochsner is very active in medical research, ____ more than 750 clinical research studies every year.
About 120 American students enroll in UQ’s medical program each year. They complete their first two years of the degree in Brisbane and then the third and fourth years at UQ’s Ochsner Clinical School in New Orleans. The alliance has ____ a strong track record of transdisciplinary research collaborations between the two organizations.
- Ochsner is Louisiana’s large nonprofit, academic, multispecialty healthcare delivery system, which owns, manages, or ____ 25 hospitals.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查:
- 動詞片語與固定搭配
- 並列結構
- 字義辨析與語境判斷
句型為:
Ochsner is Louisiana’s large nonprofit, academic, multispecialty healthcare delivery system, which owns, manages, or ____ 25 hospitals.
關係代名詞 which 指代前面的 healthcare delivery system,後面接三個並列動詞:
- owns 25 hospitals:擁有 25 家醫院
- manages 25 hospitals:管理 25 家醫院
- is affiliated with 25 hospitals:與 25 家醫院有關聯/隸屬關係
因此,空格需要填入與 owns、manages 性質相近、能描述醫療體系與醫院關係的動詞片語。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句是:
Ochsner is Louisiana’s large nonprofit, academic, multispecialty healthcare delivery system, which owns, manages, or is affiliated with 25 hospitals.
翻譯:
奧克斯納是路易斯安那州大型的非營利、學術型、多專科醫療服務體系,擁有、管理或與 25 家醫院有關聯。
主詞 which 指的是單數名詞 system,因此並列動詞須使用第三人稱單數形式:
- owns
- manages
- is affiliated with
選項 (A) is affiliated with 符合文法,也符合醫療機構之間的組織關係,故為正確答案。
選項分析
(A) is affiliated with
affiliated with 意為「與……有關聯」、「隸屬於……」、「與……建立合作關係」。
be affiliated with + 機構 是常見搭配,例如:
- The hospital is affiliated with a medical school.
這家醫院與一所醫學院有合作或隸屬關係。
放入句中:
which owns, manages, or is affiliated with 25 hospitals
三個動詞形成平行結構,分別表示該醫療體系:
- 擁有醫院
- 管理醫院
- 與醫院有組織或合作關係
語意自然,文法正確。
(B) enacted
enact 意為「制定法律」、「頒布法令」,常見搭配為:
- enact a law:制定法律
- enact legislation:通過立法
例如:
The government enacted a new law.
政府制定了一項新法律。
enacted 無法合理描述醫療體系與 25 家醫院的關係。醫療體系不會「制定 25 家醫院」,因此不符合語意;此外,若視為與 owns、manages 並列,也不符合此處所需的組織關係。
(C) entitled
entitle 主要有兩種常見意思:
第 24 題
【題組共用題幹】
International collaboration has become a trend in many universities. For example, University of Queensland (UQ) in Brisbane, Australia, and the Ochsner Health System in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A., have a unique partnership to ____ international clinical opportunities for medical students and collaborative opportunities for researchers from across the two continents.
The Ochsner partnership began in 2008 when the two institutions ____ to establish the Ochsner Clinical School. Ochsner is Louisiana’s large nonprofit, academic, multispecialty healthcare delivery system, which owns, manages, or ____ 25 hospitals. Ochsner is very active in medical research, ____ more than 750 clinical research studies every year.
About 120 American students enroll in UQ’s medical program each year. They complete their first two years of the degree in Brisbane and then the third and fourth years at UQ’s Ochsner Clinical School in New Orleans. The alliance has ____ a strong track record of transdisciplinary research collaborations between the two organizations.
- Ochsner is very active in medical research, ____ more than 750 clinical research studies every year.
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核心觀念
本題考「分詞片語」與「分詞構句」:
Ochsner is very active in medical research, conducting more than 750 clinical research studies every year.
逗號後的 conducting ... 是現在分詞片語,補充說明主句主詞 Ochsner 所進行的行為。完整意思相當於:
Ochsner is very active in medical research, and it conducts more than 750 clinical research studies every year.
Ochsner 積極投入醫學研究,每年進行超過 750 項臨床研究。
現在分詞 conducting 表示主詞主動執行的附帶動作,且與主句動詞 is 所描述的情況同時發生。
解題方法
先找逗號前的完整句:
- 主詞:
Ochsner - 動詞:
is - 主詞補語:
very active in medical research
逗號後的空格需要補上一個片語,說明 Ochsner 如何展現其「積極投入醫學研究」的狀態。Ochsner 是研究的執行者,因此應使用主動形式:
conducting:主動進行being conducted:被動進行
語意上,Ochsner 每年「進行」超過 750 項研究,因此選用現在分詞 conducting。
定位答案的原文
Ochsner is very active in medical research, conducting more than 750 clinical research studies every year.
翻譯:
Ochsner 積極投入醫學研究,每年進行超過 750 項臨床研究。
其中 conducting 的邏輯主詞就是 Ochsner。
選項分析
(A) by conducting
by + V-ing 表示「藉由……、透過……」,例如:
The organization improved its reputation by conducting more studies.
若填入題幹,句子成為:
Ochsner is very active in medical research, by conducting more than 750 clinical research studies every year.
此句在一般英文中具有文法可理解性,但 by conducting 強調「藉由進行研究而變得積極」,語意重點與原文的附帶說明不同。題幹是在補充說明 Ochsner 積極研究的具體事實,最自然的結構是逗號後直接使用現在分詞 conducting。依官方答案,本選項不是本題所要的最佳答案。
(B) conducting
conducting 是現在分詞,表示 Ochsner 主動進行研究,形成逗號後的分詞片語:
Ochsner is very active in medical research, conducting ...
其邏輯主詞與主句主詞相同,皆為 Ochsner;語意也完全合理,表示「Ochsner 積極投入研究,同時每年進行超過 750 項臨床研究」。因此選 (B)。
(C) being conducted
第 25 題
【題組共用題幹】
International collaboration has become a trend in many universities. For example, University of Queensland (UQ) in Brisbane, Australia, and the Ochsner Health System in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A., have a unique partnership to ____ international clinical opportunities for medical students and collaborative opportunities for researchers from across the two continents.
The Ochsner partnership began in 2008 when the two institutions ____ to establish the Ochsner Clinical School. Ochsner is Louisiana’s large nonprofit, academic, multispecialty healthcare delivery system, which owns, manages, or ____ 25 hospitals. Ochsner is very active in medical research, ____ more than 750 clinical research studies every year.
About 120 American students enroll in UQ’s medical program each year. They complete their first two years of the degree in Brisbane and then the third and fourth years at UQ’s Ochsner Clinical School in New Orleans. The alliance has ____ a strong track record of transdisciplinary research collaborations between the two organizations.
- The alliance has ____ a strong track record of transdisciplinary research collaborations between the two organizations.
(A) enabled
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 現在完成式:
- 動詞 enable 的語意與句型:
,表示「使……能夠……、促成……」。 - 上下文語意判斷:根據前文的跨校合作關係,判斷該聯盟對研究合作成果所產生的作用。
句子為:
The alliance has enabled a strong track record of transdisciplinary research collaborations between the two organizations.
翻譯為:
這項聯盟已促成兩個組織之間良好的跨學科研究合作紀錄。
解題方法
空格前有助動詞 has,因此空格必須填入過去分詞,構成現在完成式:
選項 enabled 是動詞 enable 的過去分詞,符合文法。
語意上,文章前文說明昆士蘭大學與 Ochsner Health System 建立醫學教育與研究合作關係,後文指出兩個組織已擁有良好的跨學科研究合作紀錄。因此,聯盟「促成」或「使……成為可能」這項研究成果,使用 enabled 符合上下文。
定位答案的原文
The alliance has enabled a strong track record of transdisciplinary research collaborations between the two organizations.
關鍵線索是:
- The alliance:這項聯盟
- has enabled:已促成、已使……成為可能
- a strong track record:良好的成果紀錄
- transdisciplinary research collaborations:跨學科研究合作
- between the two organizations:兩個組織之間
選項分析
(A) enabled(正確)
第 26 題
Test
校方公布看官方參考答案 ▾收合 ▴
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
目前提供的題目內容只有「Test」,未包含完整題幹、文章、選項及作答指示,因此無法判定本題實際考查的英文單字、片語、文法或語意觀念。
解題方法
英文選擇題必須依據題幹語境與各選項進行判斷,通常需要:
- 先確認題型與句子結構。
- 找出關鍵單字、片語或文法線索。
- 將各選項代入題幹,檢查詞義、詞性、搭配及語意是否合理。
- 依上下文選出唯一適切答案。
本題未提供上述必要資訊,因此無法進行有效代入與推導。
題幹定位與翻譯
題目目前僅有:
Test
第 27 題
【共用題幹;第27格】
The closer we feel toward someone, the less likely we are to listen carefully to them. It is called
the closeness-communication bias and, over time, it can 26, and even end, relationships. Once
we know people well enough to feel close, there is an unconscious tendency to __27__because we
think we already know what they are going to say. The closeness-communication bias not only keeps
us from listening to those we love, it can also keep us from allowing our loved ones to listen to us.
People in close relationships sometimes withhold information or keep secrets from one another
because they fear judgment, insensitivity or 28. They confide their most pressing and worrisome
concerns to people __29__they have weaker ties, for these people show more interest, ask the right
questions, are less judging or are less apt to interrupt. It is not that people in close relationships are
30 neglectful or inattentive, but that they feel too complacent about what they know.
【第27格選項】
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
【答案】B
解題依據
共用段落說親密溝通偏誤使人以為已知道對方要說什麼,所以不再仔細聽;“tune them out” 正是「不理會/充耳不聞」。
第 28 題
【共用題幹;第28格】
The closer we feel toward someone, the less likely we are to listen carefully to them. It is called
the closeness-communication bias and, over time, it can 26, and even end, relationships. Once
we know people well enough to feel close, there is an unconscious tendency to __27__because we
think we already know what they are going to say. The closeness-communication bias not only keeps
us from listening to those we love, it can also keep us from allowing our loved ones to listen to us.
People in close relationships sometimes withhold information or keep secrets from one another
because they fear judgment, insensitivity or 28. They confide their most pressing and worrisome
concerns to people __29__they have weaker ties, for these people show more interest, ask the right
questions, are less judging or are less apt to interrupt. It is not that people in close relationships are
30 neglectful or inattentive, but that they feel too complacent about what they know.
【第28格選項】
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
【答案】A
解題依據
共用段落說人們怕被評斷、不敏感或 ____,所以會隱瞞;drama 表人際上的戲劇化反應,與擔心引發衝突的語境最合。
第 29 題
【共用題幹;第29格】
The closer we feel toward someone, the less likely we are to listen carefully to them. It is called
the closeness-communication bias and, over time, it can 26, and even end, relationships. Once
we know people well enough to feel close, there is an unconscious tendency to __27__because we
think we already know what they are going to say. The closeness-communication bias not only keeps
us from listening to those we love, it can also keep us from allowing our loved ones to listen to us.
People in close relationships sometimes withhold information or keep secrets from one another
because they fear judgment, insensitivity or 28. They confide their most pressing and worrisome
concerns to people __29__they have weaker ties, for these people show more interest, ask the right
questions, are less judging or are less apt to interrupt. It is not that people in close relationships are
30 neglectful or inattentive, but that they feel too complacent about what they know.
【第29格選項】
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
【答案】C
解題依據
“people ____ they have weaker ties” 中,they have weaker ties with people;把介系詞 with 移到關係代名詞前,形成 with whom。
第 30 題
【共用題幹;第30格】
The closer we feel toward someone, the less likely we are to listen carefully to them. It is called
the closeness-communication bias and, over time, it can 26, and even end, relationships. Once
we know people well enough to feel close, there is an unconscious tendency to __27__because we
think we already know what they are going to say. The closeness-communication bias not only keeps
us from listening to those we love, it can also keep us from allowing our loved ones to listen to us.
People in close relationships sometimes withhold information or keep secrets from one another
because they fear judgment, insensitivity or 28. They confide their most pressing and worrisome
concerns to people __29__they have weaker ties, for these people show more interest, ask the right
questions, are less judging or are less apt to interrupt. It is not that people in close relationships are
30 neglectful or inattentive, but that they feel too complacent about what they know.
【第30格選項】
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
【答案】D
解題依據
句型 “It is not that ...” 否定的不是疏忽本身,而是人們「故意」忽略彼此;purposefully 表故意地,與後面的 complacent 對照。
第 31 題
【題組共用題幹】
[The passage begins with the following visible text:]
...highlights that “singing helps children strengthen their vocal control and breathing system, while playing instruments improves their fine-motor and coordination skills. Dancing and movement retrain their gross motor skills.”
Yet, there are more to being a music therapist than just singing and playing. According to Maggie’s elaboration, “it is about understanding patients’ medical conditions, their family and social backgrounds, how the body and brain respond to music, and which music-therapy techniques will achieve the best outcomes.” Generally speaking, it is a huge challenge that will involve developing resources, educating and training local health professionals, and most importantly, changing cultural perspectives of palliative care. In China, for example, people in most of the provinces may believe that having someone die inside the house brings bad luck and shame on the family. Some parents cannot pay for their children to go into hospital and even if they could, the doctors do not know how to best manage a child’s death. “Many parents abandon critically ill children despite the fact that they could be put in jail if they get caught, so they tend to leave them in places they cannot easily be found. The children do not stand much of a chance,” as Maggie reflects in a serious tone.
A strong family support network is important to Maggie, especially due to the emotionally taxing nature of her work. She insists that it is crucial to look after her mental health so she can keep doing the work that she loves. “Often after a patient passes away, especially when I am involved in that patient’s passing process, I take time to have a cuppa and reminisce on the positive things that I got to share with them.” Maggie immerses herself into the countless magical and joyous moments in a peaceful silence. To this lady, being a music therapist brings the most rewarding and meaningful life experiences.
What is the main idea of the passage?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀測驗中的「主旨判斷」。主旨不是尋找文章中出現次數最多的單字,而是判斷全文主要在說明哪一個核心概念。
本文以 Maggie 這位音樂治療師的工作為主軸,說明音樂治療師的職責不只包括唱歌、演奏與帶領舞蹈,也包含:
- 了解病人的醫療狀況、家庭及社會背景
- 掌握身體與大腦對音樂的反應
- 選擇適當的音樂治療技術
- 推動醫療資源、教育訓練與安寧照護觀念
- 面對病人死亡所帶來的心理壓力,並維持自身心理健康
因此,全文主要介紹「音樂治療師的使命與工作內涵」。
定位答案的關鍵句
文章明確指出:
“Yet, there are more to being a music therapist than just singing and playing.”
意思是:「然而,成為音樂治療師所需具備的內容,遠不只是唱歌與演奏。」
接著文章進一步說明:
“it is about understanding patients’ medical conditions, their family and social backgrounds, how the body and brain respond to music, and which music-therapy techniques will achieve the best outcomes.”
意思是:「這項工作包括了解病人的醫療狀況、家庭與社會背景、身體和大腦如何回應音樂,以及哪些音樂治療技術能達到最佳成效。」
這兩句直接點出全文重點:文章不只談音樂治療的某一項功能,而是全面說明音樂治療師的工作內容、責任與使命。
文章結尾也再次呼應主旨:
“To this lady, being a music therapist brings the most rewarding and meaningful life experiences.”
意思是:「對這位女士而言,成為音樂治療師帶來了最有成就感、最有意義的人生經驗。」
解題方法
閱讀主旨題可採用「首尾呼應+全文範圍」的判斷方式:
- 先找出文章主要人物或主題:本文圍繞 Maggie 及 music therapist 展開。
- 觀察文章是否只討論單一事件:本文同時談到兒童發展、病人背景、安寧照護、文化觀念、家庭支持及心理健康。
- 選擇涵蓋範圍最大的選項:應選能統整全文的概念,而不是只對應其中一段的細節。
- 由文章最後對音樂治療師的正面總結,確認全文是在介紹此職業的意義與使命。
選項分析
(A) The impact of children’s death
兒童死亡的影響
錯誤。文章確實提到重症兒童被遺棄、死亡,以及病人過世後音樂治療師的情緒調適,但這些內容只是文章的一部分,用來呈現音樂治療師所面對的艱難工作環境。全文並非主要探討兒童死亡對家庭、社會或醫療制度造成的影響。
(B) The perspectives of palliative care
安寧照護的觀點
錯誤。文章提到 changing cultural perspectives of palliative care,也就是「改變人們對安寧照護的文化觀點」,並談及部分地區對死亡與臨終照護的負面看法。然而,安寧照護觀點只是音樂治療師工作中需要處理的一項挑戰,不能涵蓋文章對音樂治療工作內容及心理調適的完整說明。
(C) The mission of music therapists
音樂治療師的使命
正確。文章從音樂治療對兒童身心能力的幫助開始,進一步說明音樂治療師必須了解病人的身心與家庭背景、選擇有效的治療方法、推動安寧照護教育,並承受病人死亡帶來的情緒負擔。這些內容共同呈現音樂治療師的職責、使命與人生意義,因此本項最能概括全文。
第 32 題
【題組共用題幹】
[The passage begins with the following visible text:]
...highlights that “singing helps children strengthen their vocal control and breathing system, while playing instruments improves their fine-motor and coordination skills. Dancing and movement retrain their gross motor skills.”
Yet, there are more to being a music therapist than just singing and playing. According to Maggie’s elaboration, “it is about understanding patients’ medical conditions, their family and social backgrounds, how the body and brain respond to music, and which music-therapy techniques will achieve the best outcomes.” Generally speaking, it is a huge challenge that will involve developing resources, educating and training local health professionals, and most importantly, changing cultural perspectives of palliative care. In China, for example, people in most of the provinces may believe that having someone die inside the house brings bad luck and shame on the family. Some parents cannot pay for their children to go into hospital and even if they could, the doctors do not know how to best manage a child’s death. “Many parents abandon critically ill children despite the fact that they could be put in jail if they get caught, so they tend to leave them in places they cannot easily be found. The children do not stand much of a chance,” as Maggie reflects in a serious tone.
A strong family support network is important to Maggie, especially due to the emotionally taxing nature of her work. She insists that it is crucial to look after her mental health so she can keep doing the work that she loves. “Often after a patient passes away, especially when I am involved in that patient’s passing process, I take time to have a cuppa and reminisce on the positive things that I got to share with them.” Maggie immerses herself into the countless magical and joyous moments in a peaceful silence. To this lady, being a music therapist brings the most rewarding and meaningful life experiences.
What is NOT mentioned in this passage?
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核心觀念
本題是閱讀理解中的「未提及資訊」判斷題,重點在於:
- 找出各選項在文章中的對應內容。
- 分辨文章明確陳述的事實,以及選項自行延伸出的推論。
- 注意選項是否偷換概念,例如把「如何處理死亡」改寫成「需要更多醫療治療」。
判斷原則是:其餘三個選項都能在文章中找到明確依據,未被文章提到的選項即為答案。
解題方法
逐一將選項與文章內容比對:
- 選項若只是改寫文章原意,即屬於「有提及」。
- 選項若加入文章沒有說明的新資訊,即屬於「未提及」。
- 特別注意醫療、文化、心理支持等不同層次的概念,不可混為一談。
本題四個選項中,A、B、C均可在文章中定位;D則將文章中的醫療困境擴張成「需要更多醫療治療」,文章並未如此表示,因此選 D。
文章定位與翻譯
A 選項的依據:
“it is about understanding patients’ medical conditions, their family and social backgrounds...”
意思是:「這涉及了解病人的醫療狀況、家庭與社會背景……」
文章也提到:
“changing cultural perspectives of palliative care”
意思是:「改變人們對安寧緩和醫療的文化觀念。」
因此,音樂治療師必須理解病人的家庭、社會及文化背景,A符合文章內容。
B 選項的依據:
“In China, for example, people in most of the provinces may believe that having someone die inside the house brings bad luck and shame on the family.”
意思是:「以中國為例,大多數省分的人可能相信有人死在屋內會為家人帶來厄運與羞恥。」
其中:
- most of the provinces:大多數省分
- bring bad luck:帶來厄運
- shame on the family:使家人蒙羞
- ominous sign:不祥的徵兆
選項 B 將「帶來厄運與家族羞恥」概括為「不祥的徵兆」,屬於合理改寫,符合文章內容。
C 選項的依據:
“I take time to have a cuppa and reminisce on the positive things that I got to share with them.”
意思是:「我會花時間喝杯茶,回想我曾與他們分享的美好事物。」
文章接著說:
“Maggie immerses herself into the countless magical and joyous moments in a peaceful silence.”
意思是:「Maggie在平靜的沉默中,沉浸於無數神奇而喜悅的時刻。」
此外,文章明確指出:
“it is crucial to look after her mental health”
意思是:「照顧自己的心理健康是非常重要的。」
這些內容表示她從工作中的正面回憶尋求安慰與希望,以維持心理健康,因此 C符合文章內容。
D 選項分析
Children on the brink of death need more medical treatments.
意思是:「瀕臨死亡的兒童需要更多醫療治療。」
文章確實提到:
“Some parents cannot pay for their children to go into hospital and even if they could, the doctors do not know how to best manage a child’s death.”
第 33 題
【題組共用題幹】
[The passage begins with the following visible text:]
...highlights that “singing helps children strengthen their vocal control and breathing system, while playing instruments improves their fine-motor and coordination skills. Dancing and movement retrain their gross motor skills.”
Yet, there are more to being a music therapist than just singing and playing. According to Maggie’s elaboration, “it is about understanding patients’ medical conditions, their family and social backgrounds, how the body and brain respond to music, and which music-therapy techniques will achieve the best outcomes.” Generally speaking, it is a huge challenge that will involve developing resources, educating and training local health professionals, and most importantly, changing cultural perspectives of palliative care. In China, for example, people in most of the provinces may believe that having someone die inside the house brings bad luck and shame on the family. Some parents cannot pay for their children to go into hospital and even if they could, the doctors do not know how to best manage a child’s death. “Many parents abandon critically ill children despite the fact that they could be put in jail if they get caught, so they tend to leave them in places they cannot easily be found. The children do not stand much of a chance,” as Maggie reflects in a serious tone.
A strong family support network is important to Maggie, especially due to the emotionally taxing nature of her work. She insists that it is crucial to look after her mental health so she can keep doing the work that she loves. “Often after a patient passes away, especially when I am involved in that patient’s passing process, I take time to have a cuppa and reminisce on the positive things that I got to share with them.” Maggie immerses herself into the countless magical and joyous moments in a peaceful silence. To this lady, being a music therapist brings the most rewarding and meaningful life experiences.
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word taxing in the last paragraph?
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核心觀念
本題考查字義判斷與語境推論。taxing 的基本意思是「費力的、耗費心力的、令人疲憊的」,可形容身體或心理上的負擔。
題幹中的關鍵句為:
A strong family support network is important to Maggie, especially due to the emotionally taxing nature of her work.
翻譯為:「強大的家庭支持網絡對 Maggie 很重要,尤其是因為她的工作在情緒上相當耗費心力。」
由 emotionally(在情緒方面地)以及後文提到她必須照顧自己的心理健康,可知 taxing 在此指這份工作會造成高度的心理與情緒負擔。
解題方法
先判斷 taxing 的詞性。句中 taxing 位於 emotionally 之後、修飾名詞片語 nature of her work,屬於現在分詞轉作形容詞,意思不是「課稅」,而是「使人疲憊、造成負擔」。
再將各選項代入:
- 能表達「耗費力氣、辛勞」的選項,最接近
taxing。 - 表達「賦予力量」「平衡」「崩潰」的選項,都與句意不符。
依官方公布答案,taxing 最接近 laboring,故選 B。
選項分析
(A) empowering
empowering 意為「賦予力量的、使人有能力的」。這份工作雖然帶給 Maggie「最有回報且最有意義的人生經驗」,但題幹強調的是工作的情緒負擔,以及她需要照顧心理健康,因此與 taxing 的核心語意相反,錯誤。
(B) laboring
laboring 可理解為「辛勞的、費力的、需要大量工作的」。雖然此字並非 taxing 在本句中最精確的同義字,但四個選項中只有它能表達「耗費心力、令人疲憊」的概念,最符合文章所描述的音樂治療工作。因此依官方答案選 B。
第 34 題
【題組共用題幹】
[The passage begins with the following visible text:]
...highlights that “singing helps children strengthen their vocal control and breathing system, while playing instruments improves their fine-motor and coordination skills. Dancing and movement retrain their gross motor skills.”
Yet, there are more to being a music therapist than just singing and playing. According to Maggie’s elaboration, “it is about understanding patients’ medical conditions, their family and social backgrounds, how the body and brain respond to music, and which music-therapy techniques will achieve the best outcomes.” Generally speaking, it is a huge challenge that will involve developing resources, educating and training local health professionals, and most importantly, changing cultural perspectives of palliative care. In China, for example, people in most of the provinces may believe that having someone die inside the house brings bad luck and shame on the family. Some parents cannot pay for their children to go into hospital and even if they could, the doctors do not know how to best manage a child’s death. “Many parents abandon critically ill children despite the fact that they could be put in jail if they get caught, so they tend to leave them in places they cannot easily be found. The children do not stand much of a chance,” as Maggie reflects in a serious tone.
A strong family support network is important to Maggie, especially due to the emotionally taxing nature of her work. She insists that it is crucial to look after her mental health so she can keep doing the work that she loves. “Often after a patient passes away, especially when I am involved in that patient’s passing process, I take time to have a cuppa and reminisce on the positive things that I got to share with them.” Maggie immerses herself into the countless magical and joyous moments in a peaceful silence. To this lady, being a music therapist brings the most rewarding and meaningful life experiences.
What does them refer to in the last paragraph?
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核心觀念
本題考「代名詞指涉」(pronoun reference):判斷代名詞所代替的名詞,須同時考量:
- 文法上的先行詞:代名詞前方最合理的名詞。
- 單複數一致:
them可作複數受格,也可作單數性別中立代名詞。 - 語意合理性:代入後須符合句意與動詞搭配。
題目中的關鍵代名詞是 them,位於片語:
reminisce on the positive things that I got to share with them
其中 share ... with someone 表示「與某人分享……」,them 是介系詞 with 的受詞。
定位答案的原文與翻譯
Often after a patient passes away, especially when I am involved in that patient’s passing process, I take time to have a cuppa and reminisce on the positive things that I got to share with them.
翻譯:
病人過世後,我常常會花時間喝杯茶,回憶那些我曾與他們分享的美好事物;尤其是在我參與該病人臨終過程的時候,更是如此。
前文先提到 a patient passes away,後文又提到 that patient’s passing process,因此 them 指的是「已經過世的病人」。依題目選項,對應 patients who passed away。
英文中,當性別不明或不特別指明性別時,可用單數 they / them / their 指稱單數名詞,例如:
- A patient may express their feelings through music.
- 病人可能透過音樂表達他們的感受。
因此,前面的單數 a patient 不會排除 them 作為性別中立單數代名詞的用法。
選項分析
(A) patients’ passing processes
patients’ passing processes 意為「病人們的死亡過程」。
這個名詞片語出現在前面的子句:
when I am involved in that patient’s passing process
但原句的 them 是 share ... with them 中的「人」,表示分享對象;passing processes 是事件或過程,不能自然地作為分享對象。因此錯誤。
第 35 題
【題組共用題幹】
(B)
Tulips are Old World, rather than New World, plants, with the origins of the species lying in Central Asia. They became an integral part of the gardens of the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century onward, and, soon after, part of European life as well. The Netherlands, particularly, became famous for its cultivation of the flower.
A tenuous line marked the advance of the tulip to the New World, where it was unknown in the wild. The first Dutch colonies in North America had been established in New Netherland by the Dutch West India Company in 1624, and one individual who settled in New Amsterdam (today’s Manhattan section of New York City) in 1642 described the flowers that graciously colonized the settlers’ gardens. They were the same flowers seen in Dutch still-life paintings of the time: Crown imperials, roses, carnations, and of course tulips. They flourished in Pennsylvania too, where in 1698 William Penn received a report of John Tateham’s “Great and Stately Palace,” its garden full of tulips. By 1760, Boston newspapers were advertising 50 different kinds of mixed tulip “roots.” But the length of the journey between Europe and North America created many difficulties. Thomas Hancock, an English settler, wrote thanking his plant supplier for a gift of some tulip bulbs from England, but his letter the following year grumbled that they were all dead.
Tulips arrived in Holland, Michigan, with a later wave of early nineteenth-century Dutch immigrants who quickly colonized the plains of Michigan. Together with many other Dutch settlements, such as the one at Pella, Iowa, they established a regular demand for European plants. The demand was bravely met by a new kind of tulip entrepreneur, the traveling salesperson. One Dutchman, Hendrick van der Schoot, spent six months in 1849 traveling through the United States taking orders for tulip bulbs. While tulip bulbs were traveling from Europe to the United States to satisfy the nostalgic longings of homesick English and Dutch settlers, North American plants were traveling in the opposite direction. In England, the enthusiasm for American plants was one reason why tulips dropped out of the fashion in the gardens of the rich and famous.
Which of the following questions does the passage mainly answer?
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核心觀念:主旨題的範圍判斷
本題考閱讀測驗中的「文章主旨與篇章範圍」。解題時不可只根據某一段或某一句判斷,必須觀察全文:
- 開頭介紹鬱金香的起源與早期發展。
- 第二段說明鬱金香如何由荷蘭殖民者帶到北美,並在 Pennsylvania、Boston 等地出現。
- 第三段繼續說明十九世紀荷蘭移民、旅行推銷員與鬱金香貿易。
- 結尾補充植物往返歐洲與北美的情形。
因此,全文主要回答的是:鬱金香如何逐步在北美傳播並流行。
解題方法
主旨題要掌握兩點:
- 判斷文章涵蓋的時間與範圍。
- 選擇能概括全文,而非只對應單一細節的選項。
文章從十六世紀、十七世紀寫到十九世紀,地點也涵蓋荷蘭、New Netherland、New Amsterdam、Pennsylvania、Boston、Michigan 及 Iowa。這表示主旨應是鬱金香傳入並流行於北美的歷史過程。
定位答案的關鍵句包括:
“A tenuous line marked the advance of the tulip to the New World…”
意為:「一條脆弱而不穩定的途徑,標誌著鬱金香向新世界的傳播。」
以及:
“Tulips arrived in Holland, Michigan, with a later wave of early nineteenth-century Dutch immigrants…”
意為:「鬱金香隨著十九世紀初後來的一批荷蘭移民,抵達密西根州的 Holland。」
這兩句分別指出鬱金香進入北美的過程,以及後來如何隨移民繼續擴散,正好支持選項 A。
選項分析
(A) How did tulips become popular in North America?
意為:「鬱金香如何在北美流行起來?」
正確。文章依時間順序說明:
- 鬱金香原產於 Central Asia,屬於 Old World plants。
- 荷蘭人在北美建立殖民地後,把鬱金香帶入殖民者的庭園。
- 鬱金香後來在 Pennsylvania 等地栽培。
- 到 1760 年,Boston 報紙已刊登五十種混合鬱金香球根的廣告。
- 十九世紀荷蘭移民進一步帶來對歐洲植物的需求。
- 旅行推銷員則協助鬱金香球根在美國流通。
因此,全文確實回答了鬱金香進入北美、逐漸栽培及形成市場的方式。
(B) Why did Dutch settlers import tulips to the United States in the 19th century?
意為:「為什麼荷蘭移民在十九世紀把鬱金香輸入美國?」
此選項具有部分文章依據,但範圍過窄。文章提到十九世紀荷蘭移民帶來對歐洲植物的需求,也指出鬱金香球根能滿足「homesick English and Dutch settlers」的懷鄉情感:
“While tulip bulbs were traveling from Europe to the United States to satisfy the nostalgic longings of homesick English and Dutch settlers…”
意為:「鬱金香球根從歐洲運往美國,以滿足思念故鄉的英國與荷蘭移民的懷鄉情懷。」
然而,這只是第三段後半部的一項原因,不能概括文章前兩段所述的十六至十八世紀傳播史。因此不是最佳主旨。
(C) What is the difference between an Old World and a New World plant?
意為:「Old World 植物與 New World 植物有什麼不同?」
錯誤。文章只指出鬱金香是 Old World plants,原產於 Central Asia,並說它在野外的 New World 中原本不存在:
第 36 題
【題組共用題幹】
(B)
Tulips are Old World, rather than New World, plants, with the origins of the species lying in Central Asia. They became an integral part of the gardens of the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century onward, and, soon after, part of European life as well. The Netherlands, particularly, became famous for its cultivation of the flower.
A tenuous line marked the advance of the tulip to the New World, where it was unknown in the wild. The first Dutch colonies in North America had been established in New Netherland by the Dutch West India Company in 1624, and one individual who settled in New Amsterdam (today’s Manhattan section of New York City) in 1642 described the flowers that graciously colonized the settlers’ gardens. They were the same flowers seen in Dutch still-life paintings of the time: Crown imperials, roses, carnations, and of course tulips. They flourished in Pennsylvania too, where in 1698 William Penn received a report of John Tateham’s “Great and Stately Palace,” its garden full of tulips. By 1760, Boston newspapers were advertising 50 different kinds of mixed tulip “roots.” But the length of the journey between Europe and North America created many difficulties. Thomas Hancock, an English settler, wrote thanking his plant supplier for a gift of some tulip bulbs from England, but his letter the following year grumbled that they were all dead.
Tulips arrived in Holland, Michigan, with a later wave of early nineteenth-century Dutch immigrants who quickly colonized the plains of Michigan. Together with many other Dutch settlements, such as the one at Pella, Iowa, they established a regular demand for European plants. The demand was bravely met by a new kind of tulip entrepreneur, the traveling salesperson. One Dutchman, Hendrick van der Schoot, spent six months in 1849 traveling through the United States taking orders for tulip bulbs. While tulip bulbs were traveling from Europe to the United States to satisfy the nostalgic longings of homesick English and Dutch settlers, North American plants were traveling in the opposite direction. In England, the enthusiasm for American plants was one reason why tulips dropped out of the fashion in the gardens of the rich and famous.
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word integral in the first paragraph?
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「語境辨義」。關鍵字是 integral,需根據它在句中的搭配與上下文,判斷最接近的中文意思。
句中片語:
- an integral part of...:……不可或缺的一部分
- the gardens of the Ottoman Empire:鄂圖曼帝國的庭園
- from the sixteenth century onward:自十六世紀起
- rather than:而不是
- cultivation of the flower:栽培這種花
解題方法
定位答案的句子是:
They became an integral part of the gardens of the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century onward, and, soon after, part of European life as well.
翻譯:
從十六世紀開始,鬱金香成為鄂圖曼帝國庭園中不可或缺的一部分;不久之後,也成為歐洲生活的一部分。
其中 integral part 不是單純「裝飾性的一部分」,而是指對整體而言十分重要、不可分割或不可或缺的部分。因此,integral 最接近「根本的、基本的、不可或缺的」,選項中以 fundamental 最符合。
選項分析
(A) terrestrial
第 37 題
【題組共用題幹】
Tulips are Old World, rather than New World, plants, with the origins of the species lying in Central Asia. They became an integral part of the gardens of the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century onward, and, soon after, part of European life as well. The Netherlands, particularly, became famous for its cultivation of the flower.
A tenuous line marked the advance of the tulip to the New World, where it was unknown in the wild. The first Dutch colonies in North America had been established in New Netherland by the Dutch West India Company in 1624, and one individual who settled in New Amsterdam (Today’s Manhattan section of New York City) in 1642 described the flowers that graciously colonized the settlers’ gardens. They were the same flowers seen in Dutch still-life paintings of the time: Crown imperials, roses, carnations, and of course tulips. They flourished in Pennsylvania too, where in 1698 William Penn received a report of John Tateham’s “Great and Stately Palace,” its garden full of tulips. By 1760, Boston newspapers were advertising 50 different kinds of mixed tulip “roots.” But the length of the journey between Europe and North America created many difficulties. Thomas Hancock, an English settler, wrote thanking his plant supplier for a gift of some tulip bulbs from England, but his letter the following year grumbled that they were all dead.
Tulips arrived in Holland, Michigan, with a later wave of early nineteenth-century Dutch immigrants who quickly colonized the plains of Michigan. Together with many other Dutch settlements, such as the one at Pella, Iowa, they established a regular demand for European plants. The demand was bravely met by a new kind of tulip entrepreneur, the traveling salesperson. One Dutchman, Hendrick van der Schoot, spent six months in 1849 traveling through the United States taking orders for tulip bulbs. While tulip bulbs were traveling from Europe to the United States to satisfy the nostalgic longings of homesick English and Dutch settlers, North American plants were traveling in the opposite direction. In England, the enthusiasm for American plants was one reason why tulips dropped out of the fashion in the gardens of the rich and famous.
The passage mentions which of the following as a problem associated with the importation of tulips into North America?
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 閱讀理解中的細節定位
- 因果關係與同義改寫
- 文章中問題(problem)與結果的判斷
- 關鍵單字及片語的語意
題目問:將鬱金香輸入北美時,文章提到哪一項是相關問題。
關鍵在於尋找文章中描述「鬱金香運送至北美所造成的困難」的句子。
解題方法
文章第二段明確指出:
But the length of the journey between Europe and North America created many difficulties.
然而,歐洲與北美之間漫長的旅程造成了許多困難。
接著文章舉例說明:
Thomas Hancock, an English settler, wrote thanking his plant supplier for a gift of some tulip bulbs from England, but his letter the following year grumbled that they were all dead.
英國移民 Thomas Hancock 寫信感謝植物供應商送給他一些來自英國的鬱金香球莖,但他隔年在信中抱怨那些球莖全都死了。
「球莖全都死了」表示鬱金香在長途運送後無法存活,因此答案是 They often failed to survive.
關鍵單字與片語
- Old World:舊世界,指歐洲、亞洲、非洲等地
- New World:新世界,主要指美洲
- origin:起源
- integral part of:……不可或缺的一部分
- cultivation:栽培、種植
- tenuous line:脆弱、曲折的路線
- advance:傳播、推進
- colony:殖民地
- flourish:茂盛生長、繁榮
- bulb:球莖
- supplier:供應商
- grumble:抱怨
- nostalgic longing:懷鄉的渴望
- homesick:思鄉的
- drop out of fashion:不再流行、退流行
- fail to survive:無法存活
文法上,fail to + 原形動詞表示「未能……、無法……」;因此 failed to survive 就是「未能存活」。
選項分析
第 38 題
【題組共用題幹】
Tulips are Old World, rather than New World, plants, with the origins of the species lying in Central Asia. They became an integral part of the gardens of the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century onward, and, soon after, part of European life as well. The Netherlands, particularly, became famous for its cultivation of the flower.
A tenuous line marked the advance of the tulip to the New World, where it was unknown in the wild. The first Dutch colonies in North America had been established in New Netherland by the Dutch West India Company in 1624, and one individual who settled in New Amsterdam (Today’s Manhattan section of New York City) in 1642 described the flowers that graciously colonized the settlers’ gardens. They were the same flowers seen in Dutch still-life paintings of the time: Crown imperials, roses, carnations, and of course tulips. They flourished in Pennsylvania too, where in 1698 William Penn received a report of John Tateham’s “Great and Stately Palace,” its garden full of tulips. By 1760, Boston newspapers were advertising 50 different kinds of mixed tulip “roots.” But the length of the journey between Europe and North America created many difficulties. Thomas Hancock, an English settler, wrote thanking his plant supplier for a gift of some tulip bulbs from England, but his letter the following year grumbled that they were all dead.
Tulips arrived in Holland, Michigan, with a later wave of early nineteenth-century Dutch immigrants who quickly colonized the plains of Michigan. Together with many other Dutch settlements, such as the one at Pella, Iowa, they established a regular demand for European plants. The demand was bravely met by a new kind of tulip entrepreneur, the traveling salesperson. One Dutchman, Hendrick van der Schoot, spent six months in 1849 traveling through the United States taking orders for tulip bulbs. While tulip bulbs were traveling from Europe to the United States to satisfy the nostalgic longings of homesick English and Dutch settlers, North American plants were traveling in the opposite direction. In England, the enthusiasm for American plants was one reason why tulips dropped out of the fashion in the gardens of the rich and famous.
According to the passage, which of the following is true?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節判讀」與「同義改寫」。解題重點是:
- 分辨文章明確陳述的事實。
- 注意主詞、時間、地點與動作是否被選項正確對應。
- 避免把不同人物、不同事件或不同方向的資訊拼湊在一起。
答案定位
文章第一段明確指出:
“They became an integral part of the gardens of the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century onward…”
意為:「自十六世紀起,鬱金香成為鄂圖曼帝國花園中不可或缺的一部分。」
其中:
- integral part:不可或缺的一部分
- gardens of the Ottoman Empire:鄂圖曼帝國的花園
- from the sixteenth century onward:自十六世紀起
選項(C)將此句改寫為鬱金香在舊世界廣泛出現在鄂圖曼帝國的帝國花園中,符合文章內容。
選項分析
(A)Hendrick van der Schoot exported tulips from England in 1849.
錯誤。
文章指出:
“One Dutchman, Hendrick van der Schoot, spent six months in 1849 traveling through the United States taking orders for tulip bulbs.”
意為:「一名荷蘭人 Hendrick van der Schoot 在 1849 年花了六個月穿越美國,接受鬱金香球根的訂單。」
他的身分是到美國各地「接受訂單」的旅行推銷員,文章沒有說他在英國出口鬱金香。選項將:
- traveling through the United States 誤改成從英國出口;
- taking orders 誤解為 exported。
因此不正確。
(B)Tulips were commonly passed as gifts from wealthy families to their descendants.
錯誤。
文章只提到 Thomas Hancock 感謝植物供應商送給他一些來自英國的鬱金香球根:
“Thomas Hancock, an English settler, wrote thanking his plant supplier for a gift of some tulip bulbs from England…”
意為:「英國移民 Thomas Hancock 寫信感謝植物供應商送給他一些來自英國的鬱金香球根。」
這是供應商送給 Hancock 的個別事件,文章沒有提到:
第 39 題
【題組共用題幹】
Tulips are Old World, rather than New World, plants, with the origins of the species lying in Central Asia. They became an integral part of the gardens of the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century onward, and, soon after, part of European life as well. The Netherlands, particularly, became famous for its cultivation of the flower.
A tenuous line marked the advance of the tulip to the New World, where it was unknown in the wild. The first Dutch colonies in North America had been established in New Netherland by the Dutch West India Company in 1624, and one individual who settled in New Amsterdam (Today’s Manhattan section of New York City) in 1642 described the flowers that graciously colonized the settlers’ gardens. They were the same flowers seen in Dutch still-life paintings of the time: Crown imperials, roses, carnations, and of course tulips. They flourished in Pennsylvania too, where in 1698 William Penn received a report of John Tateham’s “Great and Stately Palace,” its garden full of tulips. By 1760, Boston newspapers were advertising 50 different kinds of mixed tulip “roots.” But the length of the journey between Europe and North America created many difficulties. Thomas Hancock, an English settler, wrote thanking his plant supplier for a gift of some tulip bulbs from England, but his letter the following year grumbled that they were all dead.
Tulips arrived in Holland, Michigan, with a later wave of early nineteenth-century Dutch immigrants who quickly colonized the plains of Michigan. Together with many other Dutch settlements, such as the one at Pella, Iowa, they established a regular demand for European plants. The demand was bravely met by a new kind of tulip entrepreneur, the traveling salesperson. One Dutchman, Hendrick van der Schoot, spent six months in 1849 traveling through the United States taking orders for tulip bulbs. While tulip bulbs were traveling from Europe to the United States to satisfy the nostalgic longings of homesick English and Dutch settlers, North American plants were traveling in the opposite direction. In England, the enthusiasm for American plants was one reason why tulips dropped out of the fashion in the gardens of the rich and famous.
The passage mentions that one reason English and Dutch settlers planted tulips in their gardens was that tulips ____.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「原因判斷」與「指代定位」。題目詢問英國與荷蘭移民在花園種植鬱金香的原因,必須回到文章中尋找與 settlers(移民)及 planted tulips(種植鬱金香)直接相關的語句。
關鍵在於第三段:
While tulip bulbs were traveling from Europe to the United States to satisfy the nostalgic longings of homesick English and Dutch settlers...
意思是:「當鬱金香球莖從歐洲運往美國,以滿足思念故鄉的英國與荷蘭移民的懷舊情懷時……」
其中, 指「懷舊的渴望、對往日或故鄉的思念」,明確指出移民種植歐洲植物,是因為鬱金香使他們聯想到歐洲故鄉的生活。
解題方法
先抓題幹中的關鍵對象:
- English and Dutch settlers:英國與荷蘭移民
- planted tulips in their gardens:在花園種植鬱金香
- one reason:其中一個原因
再回文定位與 settlers 及 tulip bulbs 同時出現的句子。文章指出,鬱金香球莖運往美國,是為了滿足「思念故鄉的英國與荷蘭移民」的懷舊情感。因此答案應選擇表示「使他們回想起歐洲美好回憶」的選項。
定位句與翻譯
While tulip bulbs were traveling from Europe to the United States to satisfy the nostalgic longings of homesick English and Dutch settlers, North American plants were traveling in the opposite direction.
翻譯:
「當鬱金香球莖從歐洲運往美國,以滿足思念故鄉的英國與荷蘭移民的懷舊情懷時,北美植物也正朝相反方向運往歐洲。」
這句直接說明移民種植鬱金香的心理原因:鬱金香來自歐洲,能讓思念故鄉的移民感受到與歐洲家園的連結。
選項分析
(A) would flourish easily
意思是「能夠很容易地茂盛生長」。
此項錯誤。文章反而提到歐洲到北美的長途運輸造成許多困難,Thomas Hancock 收到的鬱金香球莖隔年「全都死了」:
they were all dead
可見鬱金香並非因為容易栽培或容易存活,才受到移民種植。
(B) had become readily available
意思是「已經很容易取得」。
第 40 題
【題組共用題幹】
Tulips are Old World, rather than New World, plants, with the origins of the species lying in Central Asia. They became an integral part of the gardens of the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century onward, and, soon after, part of European life as well. The Netherlands, particularly, became famous for its cultivation of the flower.
A tenuous line marked the advance of the tulip to the New World, where it was unknown in the wild. The first Dutch colonies in North America had been established in New Netherland by the Dutch West India Company in 1624, and one individual who settled in New Amsterdam (Today’s Manhattan section of New York City) in 1642 described the flowers that graciously colonized the settlers’ gardens. They were the same flowers seen in Dutch still-life paintings of the time: Crown imperials, roses, carnations, and of course tulips. They flourished in Pennsylvania too, where in 1698 William Penn received a report of John Tateham’s “Great and Stately Palace,” its garden full of tulips. By 1760, Boston newspapers were advertising 50 different kinds of mixed tulip “roots.” But the length of the journey between Europe and North America created many difficulties. Thomas Hancock, an English settler, wrote thanking his plant supplier for a gift of some tulip bulbs from England, but his letter the following year grumbled that they were all dead.
Tulips arrived in Holland, Michigan, with a later wave of early nineteenth-century Dutch immigrants who quickly colonized the plains of Michigan. Together with many other Dutch settlements, such as the one at Pella, Iowa, they established a regular demand for European plants. The demand was bravely met by a new kind of tulip entrepreneur, the traveling salesperson. One Dutchman, Hendrick van der Schoot, spent six months in 1849 traveling through the United States taking orders for tulip bulbs. While tulip bulbs were traveling from Europe to the United States to satisfy the nostalgic longings of homesick English and Dutch settlers, North American plants were traveling in the opposite direction. In England, the enthusiasm for American plants was one reason why tulips dropped out of the fashion in the gardens of the rich and famous.
According to the passage, which of the following changes occurred in English gardens during the European settlements in North America?
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 閱讀文章中的因果關係與細節定位
- 同義改寫與錯誤資訊辨識
- 根據上下文判斷選項是否超出原文內容
文章主要說明鬱金香由歐洲傳入北美的歷史,以及北美植物反向傳入歐洲後,對英國園藝風尚造成的影響。
解題方法
先定位文章最後一段的關鍵句:
“In England, the enthusiasm for American plants was one reason why tulips dropped out of the fashion in the gardens of the rich and famous.”
翻譯:
在英國,對美洲植物的熱衷,是鬱金香在富人與名人庭園中逐漸失去流行地位的原因之一。
本句包含兩個重點:
- 英國人開始熱衷於來自北美的植物。
- 鬱金香因此在富裕階層的庭園中不再流行。
選項 A 將第一個重點改寫為「英國庭園中包含許多新的北美植物種類」,符合文章語意,因此選 A。
選項分析
(A) They contained many new types in North American plants.
英國庭園中包含許多新的北美植物種類。
正確。
文章指出:
“North American plants were traveling in the opposite direction.”
翻譯:
北美植物則朝相反方向,傳往歐洲。
接著明確說明英國人對美洲植物產生熱情。由此可知,北美植物被引進英國庭園,形成許多新的植物種類。選項中的 “new types in North American plants” 雖然表達不如 “new types of North American plants” 自然,但其核心語意與文章一致。
(B) They contained a wider variety of tulips than ever before.
英國庭園中的鬱金香種類比以往更多。
錯誤。
文章談到鬱金香種類繁多的內容,主要是北美殖民地,例如:
“By 1760, Boston newspapers were advertising 50 different kinds of mixed tulip ‘roots.’”
翻譯:
到了 1760 年,波士頓的報紙已刊登廣告,販售五十種不同的混合鬱金香球根。
這是在描述北美地區鬱金香的供應情形,不是英國庭園的變化。文章最後反而指出鬱金香在英國富人與名人的庭園中失去流行,因此不能推論英國庭園出現更多鬱金香種類。
(C) They grew in size in order to provide enough plants to export to the New World.
英國庭園為了提供足夠植物出口至新世界,因而擴大了規模。
錯誤。
文章只說植物在歐洲與北美之間相互流通,沒有提到英國庭園因出口需求而擴大,也沒有提到庭園面積增加。“grew in size” 與 “in order to provide enough plants” 都是原文未提供的資訊,屬於無中生有的因果推論。