慈濟大學 113 年 《英文》
第 1 題2 分
Despite his extensive credentials, the professor’s latest publication was criticized for presenting ____ hypotheses lacking empirical support.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 形容詞的詞義辨識。
- 轉折語意: 表示「儘管、即使」。
- 依據上下文判斷最合適的形容詞。
句型如下:
Despite his extensive credentials, the professor’s latest publication was criticized for presenting ____ hypotheses lacking empirical support.
其中:
- :儘管
- :豐富的資歷、資格
- :最新出版品、最新論文
- :因……而受到批評
- :提出假說
- :缺乏實證支持
空格位於名詞 前方,因此需要填入形容詞,修飾「假說」。
解題方法
先抓住關鍵語意:
hypotheses lacking empirical support
缺乏實證支持的假說
教授雖然具備豐富資歷,但最新論文卻因提出「缺乏實證支持的、偏離正常或公認標準的假說」而受到批評。最符合此語境的形容詞是 ,意為「異常的、偏離常規的、偏離正軌的」。
完整句意為:
儘管這位教授具備豐富的資歷,他最新的出版品仍因提出缺乏實證支持的異常假說而受到批評。
選項分析
(A) impecunious
意為「貧窮的、缺錢的」,通常用來形容人或經濟狀況,例如:
- an impecunious student:貧窮的學生
- an impecunious family:拮据的家庭
此處 是「假說」,不能以「缺錢的」修飾,語意完全不合。
(B) climactic
意為「高潮的、最關鍵時刻的」,源自 「高潮、頂點」,例如:
- the climactic scene:高潮場景
- the climactic moment:關鍵時刻
假說通常不涉及劇情高潮或事件頂點,因此 不符合本句語意。
第 2 題2 分
The film explored the ____ corners of the human psyche, delving into areas seldom addressed by mainstream cinema.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「語境搭配」。空格位於名詞片語 the ____ corners of the human psyche 中,需填入能修飾 corners,且符合電影探索人類心理深層面向的形容詞。
關鍵線索是:
- explored:探索
- the corners of the human psyche:人類心靈的各個角落
- delving into:深入探究
- seldom addressed by mainstream cinema:主流電影很少觸及
其中 seldom addressed 表示「很少被探討、很少被呈現」,暗示這些心理角落具有隱密、少為人知的特質。
解題方法
先判斷句意:
The film explored the ____ corners of the human psyche, delving into areas seldom addressed by mainstream cinema.
這部電影探索了人類心靈中__的角落,深入探究主流電影鮮少觸及的領域。
後半句 areas seldom addressed by mainstream cinema 是對前面空格的語意補充。電影探討的是主流電影很少處理的心理面向,因此空格應選具有「隱密、秘密、不公開」含義的形容詞。
clandestine 意為「秘密的、暗中的、隱密的」,放入後可解釋為:
the clandestine corners of the human psyche
人類心靈中隱密的角落
整句語意通順,故選 (D) clandestine。
選項分析
(A) tertiary
tertiary 意為「第三級的、第三層的、次要的」。
此字常見搭配包括:
- tertiary education:高等教育
- tertiary sector:第三級產業
- tertiary structure:三級結構
若填入句中,變成「人類心靈中第三級的角落」,缺乏明確語意,也無法與後面的 seldom addressed 形成合理呼應,因此錯誤。
(B) routine
routine 意為「例行的、慣常的、平凡的」。
例如:
- a routine procedure:例行程序
- routine work:例行工作
第 3 題2 分
The protagonist’s ____ decision to leave the security of her homeland embarks her on a journey fraught with unforeseen challenges.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「語境搭配」。空格位於名詞片語 the protagonist’s ____ decision 中,需填入能修飾 decision,且符合「離開祖國安穩生活」這個語境的形容詞。
關鍵片語:
- protagonist:主角
- decision:決定
- leave the security of her homeland:離開祖國所提供的安全與安穩
- embark someone on a journey:使某人踏上一段旅程
- fraught with:充滿,通常後接困難、危險等負面事物
- unforeseen challenges:未預見的挑戰
題幹定位與翻譯
The protagonist’s ____ decision to leave the security of her homeland embarks her on a journey fraught with unforeseen challenges.
翻譯為:
主角離開祖國安穩生活的__決定,使她踏上一段充滿未預見挑戰的旅程。
「離開安穩的祖國」通常需要鼓起勇氣,也帶有未經深思、衝動行事的意味;後文又提到旅程充滿不可預見的挑戰,因此空格應填表示「衝動、魯莽」的形容詞。
解題方法
先判斷句子需要的詞性:空格後接名詞 decision,因此需要形容詞。
再利用語意判斷:
- 主角做出離開安穩家園的決定。
- 這個決定導致她踏上充滿挑戰的旅程。
- 能與 decision 搭配,並表現「未經審慎思考便採取行動」的字,最符合語境。
impetuous 表示「衝動的、魯莽的、欠缺深思熟慮的」,可自然修飾 decision,形成 an impetuous decision。
選項分析
(A) indolent
indolent 意為「懶惰的、怠惰的」,形容一個人缺乏勤奮或行動力,例如:
- an indolent student:懶惰的學生
- an indolent lifestyle:怠惰的生活方式
第 4 題2 分
In a world plagued by misinformation, the journalist’s ____ for uncovering the truth became her most lauded trait.
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核心觀念
本題考查「字義辨識」與「名詞搭配」。句型為:
the journalist’s ____ for uncovering the truth became her most lauded trait
空格前有所有格 journalist’s,後接介系詞 for,因此需要填入能表示「對某事的傾向、特質或態度」的名詞。
關鍵片語:
- plagued by misinformation:受到錯誤資訊困擾
- journalist:新聞記者
- uncover the truth:揭露真相、查明真相
- lauded trait:備受讚揚的特質
- proclivity for + N/V-ing:對……的傾向、嗜好
題幹翻譯:
In a world plagued by misinformation, the journalist’s proclivity for uncovering the truth became her most lauded trait.
在一個受到錯誤資訊困擾的世界裡,這名記者對於揭露真相的傾向,成為她最受讚揚的特質。
解題方法
先觀察語意方向。句中的 became her most lauded trait 表示「成為她最受稱讚的特質」,所以空格應填入正面的個人傾向或行為特質。
又因為後方是 for uncovering the truth,空格必須能自然搭配 for + 動名詞,表示「對揭露真相的傾向」。
proclivity 意為「傾向、嗜好、偏好」,常用於:
proclivity for + 名詞/動名詞
因此:
proclivity for uncovering the truth
對揭露真相的傾向
符合文法,也符合「備受讚揚的特質」這個正面語意。
選項分析
(A) temerity
第 5 題2 分
There are several management styles utilized by managers. The most effective managers are able to ____ employees and keep up morale.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 關鍵單字的語意辨析。
- 固定句型 be able to + 原形動詞。
- 動詞與語境的搭配。
題幹指出,最有效率的管理者能夠「______ 員工」並且「維持士氣」。管理者若要提升員工表現,通常會給予員工權力、信任與自主性,因此應選 empower。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句是:
The most effective managers are able to ____ employees and keep up morale.
最有效率的管理者能夠__員工,並維持士氣。
文法上,are able to 後面須接原形動詞,四個選項皆符合形式;因此本題主要依靠語意判斷。
「維持士氣」表示管理者採取的是正向、激勵員工的管理方式。能與員工形成合理搭配,且符合正面管理意義的動詞是 empower,意思是「授權、使能夠、賦予權力」。
完整句意為:
The most effective managers are able to empower employees and keep up morale.
最有效率的管理者能夠授權員工,並維持士氣。
選項分析
(A) empower
empower 作動詞,意為「授權、賦予權力;使某人有能力做某事」。
empower employees 表示「授權員工」,也可延伸為給予員工自主權、決策權與信任。這種管理方式能提升員工的責任感、參與感與工作動機,因此符合 keep up morale「維持士氣」的正面語境。
本選項正確。
(B) disenfranchise
disenfranchise 意為「剝奪某人的投票權或政治權利;剝奪權利」。
例如:
The law disenfranchised many citizens.
該法律剝奪了許多公民的權利。
disenfranchise employees 表示剝奪員工的權利或參與決策的機會,含有壓制、排除的負面意思,與「最有效率的管理者」及「維持士氣」的語境相衝突。
本選項錯誤。
第 6 題2 分
Emma Stone graciously accepted the award for Best Actress for her role in “Poor Things.” She displayed a charmingly flustered ____ upon hearing her name announced as the winner, hastily making her way to the stage in surprise.
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核心觀念
本題考的是:
- 字義辨析:依上下文選出符合語意的名詞。
- 詞性與搭配:空格前有形容詞 charmingly flustered,後接名詞,形成「迷人而慌亂的……」。
- 語境判斷:Emma Stone 得知獲獎後,驚訝地匆忙走上舞台,因此空格應指她當時呈現出的「舉止、神態」。
解題方法
定位關鍵句:
She displayed a charmingly flustered ____ upon hearing her name announced as the winner, hastily making her way to the stage in surprise.
翻譯:
她聽到自己的名字被宣布為得主時,呈現出一種迷人而慌亂的__,並且驚訝地匆忙走上舞台。
句中 displayed 表示「展現、呈現」,其受詞應是可以被展現出來的外在表現或舉止。空格前的 charmingly flustered 意為「迷人而慌亂的」,最適合修飾表示「行為舉止、神態」的名詞,因此選 demeanor。
選項分析
(A) relegation
relegation 意為「降級、貶黜、降職」,指被降至較低地位或級別的行為。
- a charmingly flustered relegation 意為「迷人而慌亂的降級」,語意不通。
- Emma Stone 上台領獎的情境與「降級」無關。
因此不選。
(B) key
key 常見意思為「鑰匙、關鍵、按鍵」,也可作形容詞表示「關鍵的、重要的」。
- 若作名詞,a charmingly flustered key 是「迷人而慌亂的鑰匙/關鍵」,不符合人物上台時的表現。
- 此處需要的是描述人的外在舉止之名詞,key 不具備此語意。
第 7 題2 分
A wildfire engulfed 1,700 square miles in Texas last week, resulting in the tragic deaths of two women, the destruction of up to 500 structures, and the ____ loss of thousands of cattle.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「形容詞和名詞的語意搭配」。空格位於名詞片語:
the ____ loss of thousands of cattle
空格後的核心名詞是 loss(損失、喪失),需要填入能表達「嚴重、慘重損失」的形容詞。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
A wildfire engulfed 1,700 square miles in Texas last week, resulting in the tragic deaths of two women, the destruction of up to 500 structures, and the ____ loss of thousands of cattle.
翻譯:
上週,一場野火吞噬了德州 1,700 平方英里的土地,造成兩名女性不幸死亡、多達 500 棟建築物被摧毀,以及數千頭牛隻的__損失。
句中已有 tragic deaths(悲慘的死亡)與 destruction(毀壞、摧毀),整體語境是在描述野火造成的重大災害,因此空格應填入帶有「慘重、毀滅性」意義的形容詞。
解題方法
逐一檢視四個選項的字義:
- devastating:造成極大破壞的、毀滅性的、慘重的
- fortunate:幸運的
- pleasant:令人愉快的、舒適的
- gratifying:令人滿意的、令人欣慰的
野火造成牛隻死亡或大量損失,這種結果具有嚴重且悲慘的性質,因此:
the devastating loss of thousands of cattle
意為:
數千頭牛隻的慘重損失
語意完整,且 devastating loss 是自然、常見的英文搭配。
選項分析
(A) devastating
第 8 題2 分
Though numerous efforts have been made to improve vehicle passenger safety, no similar effort to protect ____ has been initiated.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 重要字彙辨析
- 語境判斷
- 動詞與受詞的語意搭配
題幹先提到改善「車輛乘客安全」的努力,接著指出「保護某類人員」的類似努力尚未開始。因此空格必須填入「行人」:
- pedestrians:行人,步行者
完整句意為:雖然人們已投入許多努力來改善車輛乘客的安全,卻尚未開始進行保護行人的類似努力。
解題方法
先定位語意對比:
Though numerous efforts have been made to improve vehicle passenger safety, no similar effort to protect ____ has been initiated.
翻譯:
儘管人們已經付出許多努力來改善車輛乘客的安全,卻尚未開始進行保護____的類似努力。
前半句的 vehicle passenger safety 指「車內乘客的安全」;後半句的 to protect ____ 應填入與交通安全相關、且需要受到保護的人。道路交通中,除了車內乘客之外,另一類重要的道路使用者就是「行人」,因此答案為 pedestrians。
句型結構如下:
- Though + 子句:雖然……
- numerous efforts have been made:已經付出許多努力
- to improve vehicle passenger safety:為了改善車輛乘客安全
- no similar effort ... has been initiated:沒有類似的努力被開始進行
- to protect pedestrians:為了保護行人
其中 protect 是及物動詞,後面需要接「被保護的對象」。語意上,protect pedestrians 是自然且合理的搭配。
選項分析
(A) pediatrics
意為「小兒科;兒科醫學」,是醫學領域或專科名稱,並非特定一群需要被保護的人。
- pediatrics 通常是不可數名詞,表示一門醫學專業。
- protect pediatrics 意為「保護小兒科」,語意不合。
- 若要表示兒童,應使用 children,不能使用 pediatrics。
因此錯誤。
(B) pedestrians
意為「行人;步行者」,是 pedestrian 的複數形式。
- pedestrian:行人
- pedestrians:行人們
- protect pedestrians:保護行人
本句將「車輛乘客」與「行人」並列,符合交通安全的語境:
vehicle passengers:車輛乘客
pedestrians:行人
因此符合文法、字義與上下文,為正確答案。
第 9 題2 分
The young student felt ____ with hunger and exhaustion, and lost consciousness.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 關鍵單字的字義辨析
- 連綴動詞(linking verb)後接形容詞
- 依上下文判斷「因飢餓與疲憊而昏厥」的合理語意
題幹為:
The young student felt ____ with hunger and exhaustion, and lost consciousness.
年輕學生因飢餓與疲憊感到頭暈、虛弱,後來失去意識。
解題方法
句中主詞為 The young student,動詞為 felt。此處的 feel 是連綴動詞,表示「感覺處於某種狀態」,後面應接形容詞描述主詞的身體狀況。
句意指出學生因為:
- hunger:飢餓
- exhaustion:筋疲力竭、極度疲勞
最後甚至 lost consciousness(失去意識、昏厥)。因此空格應填入表示「頭暈虛弱、快要昏倒」的形容詞 faint。
完整句意為:
The young student felt faint with hunger and exhaustion, and lost consciousness.
年輕學生因飢餓與筋疲力竭而感到頭暈虛弱,最後失去了意識。
其中 faint with hunger and exhaustion 表示「因飢餓與疲憊而感到虛弱、暈眩」。雖然英文中 faint from hunger and exhaustion 也很常見,但本題使用 with 並不影響語意,且官方答案為 A。
選項分析
(A) faint
faint 可作形容詞,表示:
- 虛弱的
- 頭暈的
- 快要昏倒的
- 微弱的、不清楚的
felt faint 是「感到頭暈虛弱」;後面的 with hunger and exhaustion 又交代造成此狀態的原因,與 lost consciousness 在語意上完全吻合。
因此 (A) 正確。
第 10 題2 分
Unlike ____ plants, hydroponic ones grow in an artificial environment where mineral nutrient solutions in water, instead of soil, are used to feed them.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與「對比語意」。
句首的 Unlike A, B ... 表示「不像 A,B……」,後方通常放置具有對比關係的名詞或名詞片語。題幹將 hydroponic plants(水耕植物) 與「一般在土地、土壤中生長的植物」作對比,因此空格應填 terrestrial。
- terrestrial:陸生的;地上的;生長於土地的
- hydroponic:水耕的;以營養液培養的
水耕栽培是在人工環境中,以水中的礦物質營養液取代土壤供給植物養分。因此,題幹要表達的是「水耕植物不同於陸生植物」。
解題方法
先找出句中的核心對比:
Unlike ____ plants, hydroponic ones grow in an artificial environment where mineral nutrient solutions in water, instead of soil, are used to feed them.
翻譯:
不同於__植物,水耕植物生長在人工環境中;在該環境裡,以水中的礦物質營養液取代土壤來供給植物養分。
後半句的關鍵線索是:
mineral nutrient solutions in water, instead of soil
水中的礦物質營養液,而不是土壤
既然水耕植物以營養液取代土壤,前方需要填入與「土壤、土地生長」相關的形容詞。terrestrial 正是「陸生的、土地上的」,與 hydroponic 形成最合理的語意對比。
完整句意為:
Unlike terrestrial plants, hydroponic ones grow in an artificial environment where mineral nutrient solutions in water, instead of soil, are used to feed them.
不同於陸生植物,水耕植物生長在人工環境中,以水中的礦物質營養液取代土壤來供給養分。
選項分析
(A) solar
solar 意為「太陽的;太陽能的」,例如:
- solar energy:太陽能
- solar radiation:太陽輻射
solar plants 並非一般用來表示「在土壤中生長的植物」,也無法與 hydroponic plants 構成題幹所需的對比。水耕植物仍然需要光照,且不一定與太陽有相反關係,因此錯誤。
(B) amorphous
amorphous 意為「無固定形狀的;無定形的;缺乏明確組織的」。
此字通常用來形容物質的結構或形狀,例如:
- amorphous material:無定形材料
- amorphous mass:形狀不規則的團塊
植物並不以 amorphous plants 表示「土壤栽培的植物」,與水耕植物的生長環境沒有語意關聯,因此錯誤。
(C) celestial
celestial 意為「天上的;天體的」,例如:
第 11 題2 分
We do not yet have the theory of everything, but most physical phenomena are readily ____.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 字義辨析
- 形容詞在句中的語意搭配
- 副詞 readily 與形容詞的修飾關係
句型為:
most physical phenomena are readily ____.
其中:
most physical phenomena:主詞,「大多數物理現象」are:連綴動詞readily:副詞,「容易地、輕易地」- 空格:需填入形容詞,作主詞補語,描述「大多數物理現象」的性質
因此,空格應填入表示「容易被解釋」的形容詞。
解題方法
先掌握題幹前半句:
We do not yet have the theory of everything,
意思是:
我們目前還沒有「萬有理論」。
the theory of everything 指物理學中試圖統一解釋宇宙所有基本現象的理論。題幹接著以 but 轉折:
but most physical phenomena are readily ____.
意思是:
但是,大多數物理現象都很容易被解釋。
因此,前後語意是:
- 雖然人類尚未建立能解釋一切的完整理論,
- 但大多數個別的物理現象仍然可以輕易解釋。
符合此語意的字是 explicable,意為「可解釋的、能說明的」。
readily explicable 是自然的搭配,表示「容易解釋的」。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句為:
We do not yet have the theory of everything, but most physical phenomena are readily explicable.
翻譯:
我們目前還沒有萬有理論,但是大多數物理現象都很容易解釋。
but 表示轉折,重點在於「尚未能解釋一切」不代表「大多數物理現象都無法解釋」。因此空格必須選擇與「容易說明、容易理解」相關的正面形容詞。
選項分析
(A) frivolous
frivolous 意為「輕浮的、無聊的、不重要的」。
例如:
- a frivolous comment:輕浮的評論
- frivolous behavior:輕佻的行為
most physical phenomena are readily frivolous 可直譯為「大多數物理現象很容易是輕浮的」,語意不合。
第 12 題2 分
In most societies, adults in their prime are expected to care for those who are becoming more and more ____ due to old age.
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核心觀念
本題考查「字義辨識」與「語境判斷」。題幹描述:成年人在壯年時期,應照顧因年老而逐漸變得更加「____」的人。空格需要填入表示「身體虛弱、衰弱」的形容詞。
關鍵語意為:
- due to old age:由於年老
- becoming more and more + 形容詞:變得越來越……
- 老年常伴隨體力下降、身體脆弱,因此最符合的是 frail。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句:
In most societies, adults in their prime are expected to care for those who are becoming more and more frail due to old age.
翻譯:
在大多數社會中,人們期待正值壯年的成年人照顧那些因年老而變得越來越虛弱的人。
其中,due to old age 已明確指出「因年老而造成的狀態」,因此空格應填入描述老年身體衰弱的字。
解題方法
先觀察空格前後的結構:
becoming more and more ____ due to old age
「more and more」後面接形容詞,表示程度逐漸增加。再利用 due to old age 判斷語意:
- 主詞是因年老而逐漸改變的人。
- 改變方向應與老化、健康或體力有關。
- 四個選項中,只有 frail 表示「虛弱的、衰弱的、脆弱的」。
因此答案為 frail。
選項分析
(A) frail:虛弱的;衰弱的;脆弱的
- frail 常用來形容因年老、疾病或體力不佳而身體虛弱的人。
- become frail 表示「變得虛弱」。
- more and more frail 表示「越來越虛弱」。
- 與 due to old age 搭配自然,符合題意。
例句:
Many elderly people become frail as they age.
許多老年人隨著年齡增長而變得虛弱。
(B) fraudulent:欺詐的;詐騙的;虛假的
第 13 題2 分
Two perspectives ____ accounts of the growth of the wind energy industry and research on new industries generally: the technological perspective and the market perspective.
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核心觀念
本題考兩個重點:
- 主詞與動詞一致
- 主詞為複數名詞片語 Two perspectives(兩種觀點)。
- 因此空格應填原形動詞,四個選項在形式上皆符合。
- 動詞語意與搭配
- dominate 表示「支配、主導、在……中占優勢」。
- 句意是:兩種觀點主導了對風力能源產業成長的解釋,以及一般對新興產業的研究。
解題方法
先抓句子的主幹:
Two perspectives ____ accounts of the growth of the wind energy industry and research on new industries generally.
句型可分析為:
- 主詞:Two perspectives
- 動詞:空格
- 受詞:accounts of the growth ... and research ...
其中,accounts of the growth of the wind energy industry 是「對風力能源產業成長的解釋」,research on new industries generally 是「一般對新興產業的研究」。
代入 dominate:
Two perspectives dominate accounts of the growth of the wind energy industry and research on new industries generally.
翻譯為:
兩種觀點主導了對風力能源產業成長的解釋,以及一般對新興產業的研究。
語意完整自然,符合題幹所述的兩種分析方向:technological perspective(技術觀點)與 market perspective(市場觀點)。
關鍵單字與片語
- perspective:觀點、角度
- technological perspective:技術觀點
- market perspective:市場觀點
- dominate:主導、支配、占優勢
- account:解釋、說明;此處為名詞複數 accounts
- the growth of the wind energy industry:風力能源產業的成長
- research on new industries:對新興產業的研究
- generally:一般而言;普遍地
選項分析
(A) discredit
discredit 是「使……失去可信度、使……名譽受損」。
第 14 題2 分
On-the-job training is a key feature of the company’s development, and there are programs for ____ qualifications, with staff saying this training is of great benefit to them.
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核心觀念
本題考「分詞形容詞的語意判斷」及「字詞搭配」。空格位於名詞 qualifications(資格、證照) 前,需填入能合理修飾資格、表達其正式認可程度的形容詞。
關鍵搭配為:
- accredited qualifications:經官方認可的資格、鑑定合格的證照
- accredited 源自動詞 accredit,意為「認可、正式承認、鑑定合格」
校方釋疑依據 Oxford Languages 的解釋,accredit 是在符合認可標準後,對某人或某事授予正式承認。因此 accredited 可表示「官方認可的、獲正式承認的、鑑定合格的」。
解題方法
先找出句子的語意主軸:
On-the-job training is a key feature of the company’s development, and there are programs for ____ qualifications, with staff saying this training is of great benefit to them.
翻譯:
在職訓練是公司發展的一項重要特色,而且公司設有取得官方認可資格的訓練計畫,員工表示這項訓練對他們大有裨益。
題幹先提到 On-the-job training(在職訓練),後面又說這些訓練對員工很有幫助,因此空格應填入與「取得正式資格、證照」相關的字。只有 accredited 能與 qualifications 形成合理語意:
programs for accredited qualifications
取得認可資格的課程/訓練計畫
句中定位答案的關鍵就是:
there are programs for ____ qualifications
此處需要的是「經正式認可的資格」,因此選 accredited。
選項分析
(A) articulated
第 15 題2 分
The CEO’s ____ leadership style, marked by inflexible decisions and a disregard for dissent, ultimately led to the company’s downfall.
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核心觀念
本題考「語意判斷」與領導風格相關字彙。解題關鍵在於掌握題幹對 CEO 領導方式的描述:
- inflexible decisions:不具彈性的決策、僵化的決策
- a disregard for dissent:漠視異議、不理會反對意見
- led to the company’s downfall:導致公司衰敗
能與「決策僵化、無視反對意見」相符的形容詞是 autocratic,意為「獨裁的、專制的」。
解題方法
先判斷空格所需的詞性。空格位於名詞片語:
the CEO’s ____ leadership style
因此需要填入形容 CEO 領導風格的形容詞。
再利用後方的補充說明:
marked by inflexible decisions and a disregard for dissent
此處的 marked by 表示「以……為特徵」。題幹明確指出 CEO 的領導方式具有「決策僵化」及「漠視異議」兩項特徵,這正是專制式領導的表現。
題幹定位句:
The CEO’s ____ leadership style, marked by inflexible decisions and a disregard for dissent, ultimately led to the company’s downfall.
翻譯:
這位執行長以僵化決策及漠視異議為特徵的__領導風格,最終導致公司衰敗。
因此空格應填入表示「獨裁、專制」的 autocratic。
選項分析
(A) idyllic
idyllic 意為「田園詩般的;美好而寧靜的」。通常用來形容理想化、和諧、平靜的生活或環境,例如:
- an idyllic village:寧靜美好的村莊
- an idyllic childhood:幸福美好的童年
「決策僵化、漠視異議」具有負面且專制的含意,與 idyllic 所表示的美好和諧不符,因此錯誤。
(B) benevolent
benevolent 意為「仁慈的;慈善的;善意的」。若領導者體恤員工、關心部屬福祉,可稱為 benevolent leader。
題幹卻強調 CEO 不接受異議、決策缺乏彈性,並導致公司衰敗,與「仁慈、善意」的語意相反,因此錯誤。
(C) prudent
prudent 意為「審慎的;謹慎明智的」。這個字通常描述經過周詳考量、能降低風險的決策,例如:
- a prudent investment:審慎的投資
- a prudent decision:明智而謹慎的決定
第 16 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The changing habitats of penguins may give us a small window into the future of our own habitats. As the globe warms, animals like penguins, which spend a lot of time on ice, may be the first to notice.
Among the flightless birds of the Southern Hemisphere, penguins are well suited to life in the icy southern seas. They are masterful swimmers, spending (16) 75% of their lives in the water.
____ 75% of their lives in the water.
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核心觀念
本題考「數量程度片語」的用法,尤其是:
- as much as + 數量/比例:多達……、高達……
- so much:如此多,通常需搭配後續結果句,如 so much ... that ...
- so much so:到如此程度,通常承接前文並搭配 that
- much as:主要作連接詞,表示「雖然、儘管」,用來連接兩個子句。
題幹描述企鵝有很高比例的時間待在水中,因此需要能直接修飾數字比例的片語。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句是:
They are masterful swimmers, spending (16) 75% of their lives in the water.
牠們是游泳高手,一生中多達 75% 的時間都待在水中。
空格後面是「75%」這個明確比例,語意是「高達、達到某個令人驚訝的數量」。英文中表示「多達……」的固定搭配為:
as much as + 數量
因此:
spending as much as 75% of their lives in the water
意思是「一生中多達 75% 的時間待在水中」,文法與語意都完整。
選項分析
(A) so much
so much 表示「如此多」,通常用來表示程度,並常與 that 子句搭配:
The penguins spend so much time in the water that they are excellent swimmers.
企鵝在水中待的時間如此多,以至於牠們成為優秀的游泳者。
但本題是直接修飾「75%」這個比例,不能說:
spending so much 75% of their lives
so much 不能在此直接接百分比表達「多達 75%」,因此錯誤。
(B) so much so
so much so 表示「到如此程度」,通常承接前面的完整敘述,並常與 that 一起使用:
They spend a great deal of time in the water, so much so that they are masterful swimmers.
牠們在水中待很長的時間,甚至到了成為游泳高手的程度。
本題句型是:
spending (16) 75% of their lives
第 17 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The changing habitats of penguins may give us a small window into the future of our own habitats. As the globe warms, animals like penguins, which spend a lot of time on ice, may be the first to notice.
Among the flightless birds of the Southern Hemisphere, penguins are well suited to life in the icy southern seas. They are masterful swimmers, spending as much as 75% of their lives in the water.
____ eighteen different penguin species, seven live around Antarctica. Antarctica has 90 percent of the world’s ice. The Antarctic Peninsula, like the rest of Earth, is warming, but at an even faster pace. Researchers warn that the face of Antarctica will change in the next 100 years as ice melts and glaciers ____.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
of + 名詞的部分關係- 克漏字的句型與語意銜接
the表示特定、已知範圍- 主詞與動詞的判斷
完整句子為:
Of the eighteen different penguin species, seven live around Antarctica.
在十八種不同的企鵝物種中,有七種生活在南極洲周邊。
句型為:
Of + 整體範圍, 部分數量 + 動詞
其中:
the eighteen different penguin species是整體範圍seven是其中的部分live的主詞是seven,表示七種企鵝,因此使用複數動詞
解題方法
先觀察空格後方的名詞片語:
eighteen different penguin species
空格後接的是一個明確的數量與名詞。再看後半句:
seven live around Antarctica
句意是「十八種企鵝中,有七種生活在南極洲周邊」,明顯是在表達「整體中的部分」。
因此應使用表示「在……之中」的部分關係:
Of the eighteen different penguin species, seven live around Antarctica.
the 的功能是指出特定的十八種企鵝物種,而非泛指所有可能的企鵝種類。
選項分析
(A) There are
代入後:
There are eighteen different penguin species, seven live around Antarctica.
There are eighteen different penguin species 本身是完整句,意思是「有十八種不同的企鵝物種」。但後面接逗號再接 seven live around Antarctica,形成兩個完整句以逗號直接連接的錯誤句型,稱為 comma splice。
若改成分號或句號,例如:
There are eighteen different penguin species; seven live around Antarctica.
文法即可成立,但題目原句的標點與語意設計要求的是「十八種之中有七種」,因此不能選 A。
(B) But for
but for 表示「若不是……」「要不是……」,通常用於假設條件:
But for your help, I would have failed.
若不是你的幫助,我就失敗了。
代入後:
第 18 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The changing habitats of penguins may give us a small window into the future of our own habitats. As the globe warms, animals like penguins, which spend a lot of time on ice, may be the first to notice.
Among the flightless birds of the Southern Hemisphere, penguins are well suited to life in the icy southern seas. They are masterful swimmers, spending as much as 75% of their lives in the water.
Of the eighteen different penguin species, seven live around Antarctica. Antarctica has 90 percent of the world’s ice. The Antarctic Peninsula, like the rest of Earth, is warming, but at an even faster pace. Researchers warn that the face of Antarctica will change in the next 100 years as ice melts and glaciers ____.
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核心觀念
本題考查克漏字中的「語意判斷」與「動詞搭配」。
關鍵句為:
Researchers warn that the face of Antarctica will change in the next 100 years as ice melts and glaciers ____.
翻譯:
研究人員警告,未來一百年內,隨著冰層融化、冰河__,南極洲的面貌將會改變。
句中 ice melts 與 glaciers ____ 形成並列,描述全球暖化造成的兩種自然現象:
- ice melts:冰融化
- glaciers recede:冰河退縮、消退
因此空格應填入表示「退後、退縮」的動詞 recede。
解題方法
先抓文章主題:全文圍繞「全球暖化、南極冰層變化與企鵝棲地改變」展開。題幹明確提到:
- The globe warms:全球變暖
- Antarctica is warming:南極洲正在暖化
- ice melts:冰融化
- the face of Antarctica will change:南極洲地貌將改變
在此語境下,冰河因氣候暖化而逐漸向後退縮,最自然的搭配是:
glaciers recede
此外,主詞 glaciers 為複數,因此使用原形動詞 recede,與 ice melts 的現在式並列,文法正確。
關鍵單字與片語
- changing habitats:不斷改變的棲地
- a small window into the future:窺見未來的一個小窗口
- the globe warms:全球暖化
- flightless birds:不會飛的鳥類
- be well suited to:很適合……
- icy southern seas:冰冷的南方海域
- masterful swimmers:游泳高手
- spend as much as 75% of their lives in the water:一生有高達百分之七十五的時間待在水中
- the face of Antarctica:南極洲的面貌、地貌
- melt:融化
第 19 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The changing habitats of penguins may give us a small window into the future of our own habitats. As the globe warms, animals like penguins, which spend a lot of time on ice, may be the first to notice.
Among the flightless birds of the Southern Hemisphere, penguins are well suited to life in the icy southern seas. They are masterful swimmers, spending as much as 75% of their lives in the water.
Of the eighteen different penguin species, seven live around Antarctica. Antarctica has 90 percent of the world’s ice. The Antarctic Peninsula, like the rest of Earth, is warming, but at an even faster pace. Researchers warn that the face of Antarctica will change in the next 100 years as ice melts and glaciers recede.
The changing global environment will change the penguins’ lives. According to Dr. Andrew Clarke of the British Antarctic Survey, “Many Antarctic organisms are ____ very small changes in temperature.” Dr. Clark predicts that if extreme temperature change continues, it will lead to dramatic changes, including some extinctions.
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核心觀念
本題考「形容詞+介系詞」的固定搭配與上下文語意。句型為:
Many Antarctic organisms are ____ very small changes in temperature.
許多南極生物對於非常微小的溫度變化都很__。
文章前文指出南極半島升溫速度更快,冰層融化與冰河退縮將改變南極環境;後文又提到極端溫度變化可能造成劇烈影響,甚至導致物種滅絕。因此空格需要填入「容易受到……影響、對……敏感」的形容詞片語。
解題方法
先觀察空格後方的名詞片語:
very small changes in temperature
非常微小的溫度變化
能與「變化」搭配,且符合「生物容易受溫度變化影響」之意的片語是 be susceptible to。
完整句子為:
Many Antarctic organisms are susceptible to very small changes in temperature.
許多南極生物很容易受到非常微小的溫度變化影響。
此句與全文「全球暖化會改變企鵝及其他南極生物的生活」的主旨一致。
選項分析
(A) susceptible to
susceptible 是形容詞,意為「易受影響的、敏感的、脆弱的」,固定搭配為:
be susceptible to + 名詞/動名詞
容易受到……影響;對……敏感
例如:
Children are susceptible to infectious diseases.
兒童容易受到傳染病影響。
填入後表示南極生物即使面對很小的溫度變化,也可能受到明顯影響,符合文意,因此正確。
(B) abstained from
abstain from 是動詞片語,意為「戒除、避免、不做某事」,通常指主動克制某種行為,例如:
abstain from drinking
戒酒;避免飲酒
句子若填入後為:
Many Antarctic organisms are abstained from very small changes in temperature.
此處 are abstained from 不符合正常語意。生物不會「主動戒除溫度變化」,且全文是在說生物受到環境變化影響,不是在描述牠們避免某種行為,因此錯誤。
(C) deprived of
deprive A of B 意為「剝奪 A 的 B」;be deprived of 則是「被剝奪……、缺乏……」。
例如:
The prisoners were deprived of food.
囚犯被剝奪食物。
填入後為:
第 20 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The changing habitats of penguins may give us a small window into the future of our own habitats. As the globe warms, animals like penguins, which spend a lot of time on ice, may be the first to notice.
Among the flightless birds of the Southern Hemisphere, penguins are well suited to life in the icy southern seas. They are masterful swimmers, spending as much as 75% of their lives in the water.
Of the eighteen different penguin species, seven live around Antarctica. Antarctica has 90 percent of the world’s ice. The Antarctic Peninsula, like the rest of Earth, is warming, but at an even faster pace. Researchers warn that the face of Antarctica will change in the next 100 years as ice melts and glaciers recede.
The changing global environment will change the penguins’ lives. According to Dr. Andrew Clarke of the British Antarctic Survey, “Many Antarctic organisms are susceptible to very small changes in temperature.” Dr. Clark predicts that if extreme temperature change continues, it will lead to dramatic changes, including some extinctions.
Already, some penguin habitats may be shifting to the south. The pattern of snowfall is important to penguins’ breeding. Ice patterns are also important because the birds have to trek to the edge of the ice shelf in order to feed.
It’s too early to ____ the exact impact of global warming on penguin habitats. Scientists will continue to watch the progress and survival of penguins as they try to adapt to their changing world.
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核心觀念
本題考克漏字中的「語意判斷」與「固定搭配」,並結合文法結構:
It’s too early to ____ the exact impact of global warming on penguin habitats.
句型為:
It is too early to + 原形動詞
意思是「現在要做某事還太早」。空格中的動詞必須能與 the exact impact 搭配,表達「精確衡量全球暖化對企鵝棲地的影響」。
關鍵搭配為:
measure the impact/effect of ...
衡量/測量……的影響
解題方法
先判斷句意:
文章指出南極正在快速暖化,企鵝的棲地、降雪模式與冰層變化都受到影響,但科學家仍在持續觀察企鵝如何適應。因此,現階段尚無法精確判定全球暖化對企鵝棲地造成的確切影響。
定位答案的關鍵句是:
It’s too early to ____ the exact impact of global warming on penguin habitats.
現在要精確衡量全球暖化對企鵝棲地的確切影響,還言之過早。
空格後面接 the exact impact,最自然的動詞是 measure,表示「衡量影響程度」。
選項分析
(A) measure 衡量、測量
正確。measure 可表示以資料、觀察或研究方式「測量、衡量某事的程度或影響」,常見搭配包括:
- measure the impact:衡量影響
- measure the effect:衡量效果
- measure the extent:衡量程度
- measure changes:測量變化
代入後:
It’s too early to measure the exact impact of global warming on penguin habitats.
語意為「現在還太早,尚無法精確衡量全球暖化對企鵝棲地的確切影響」,符合全文內容。
(B) foil 阻撓、挫敗
錯誤。foil 作動詞時表示「阻止某人的計畫、使計畫失敗」,例如:
The police foiled the robbery.
警方阻止了這起搶劫。
它通常以人、計畫或陰謀為受詞,不能自然地說:
foil the exact impact
「影響」不是需要被阻撓或挫敗的對象,因此不符合語意與搭配。
(C) persuade 說服
錯誤。persuade 表示「說服某人做某事」或「使某人相信某事」,常見結構為:
- persuade someone to do something
- persuade someone that ...
例如:
第 21 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Studies show that musical training can have a (21) and lasting impact on the brain, creating additional neural connections in childhood that can last a lifetime and thus help compensate (22) our failing powers of memory and thinking later in life. The many hours spent learning and practicing specific types of (23) (each finger on each hand doing something different, and for wind and brass instruments, also using the mouth and breathing), along with the music-reading and listening skills that go into playing an instrument in youth, are all factors contributing to the brain boost that shows up at a later age.
Remarkably, scientists can even map the impact of musical training on the brain. In a 2003 study, Harvard neurologist Gottfried Schlaug found that the brains of adult professional musicians had a larger (24) of grey matter (the regions of the brain involved in mental processes such as seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision making, and self-control) than those of non-musicians. Schlaug and colleagues also found that after fifteen months of musical training in early childhood, structural brain changes associated with improvements in our movement and hearing begin to appear. Such findings speak to the brain’s (25) — its ability to change or adapt in response to experience, environment, or behavior. It also shows the power of musical training to enhance and build connections within the brain.
Studies show that musical training can have a ____ and lasting impact on the brain.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 字義判斷:依上下文選出符合語意的形容詞。
- 固定搭配:
a profound and lasting impact是自然且常見的搭配。 - 並列形容詞修飾名詞:
profound與lasting共同修飾名詞impact。
句型為:
Studies show that musical training can have a profound and lasting impact on the brain.
其中:
have an impact on...:對……產生影響profound:深遠的、深刻的lasting:持久的、長久的impact:影響、衝擊
解題方法
先定位空格後的核心名詞:
a ____ and lasting impact on the brain
空格與 lasting 並列,共同修飾 impact。文章後文指出,音樂訓練會:
- 在兒童時期建立額外的神經連結;
- 使腦部結構產生變化;
- 增進動作與聽覺能力;
- 強化腦部內部的連結;
- 其影響甚至延續至晚年。
因此,空格必須表示「深刻、重大的」影響,與 lasting 合併後形成「深遠且持久的影響」,故選 profound。
定位答案的原文是:
Studies show that musical training can have a profound and lasting impact on the brain, creating additional neural connections in childhood that can last a lifetime...
翻譯:
研究顯示,音樂訓練能對大腦產生深遠且持久的影響,在童年時期建立額外的神經連結,而這些連結可以維持一生……
profound 不只表示「程度很深」,也常用於抽象概念,例如:
- profound impact:深遠的影響
- profound effect:深刻的效果
- profound change:重大的改變
- profound influence:深遠的影響力
選項分析
第 22 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Studies show that musical training can have a (21) and lasting impact on the brain, creating additional neural connections in childhood that can last a lifetime and thus help compensate (22) our failing powers of memory and thinking later in life. The many hours spent learning and practicing specific types of (23) (each finger on each hand doing something different, and for wind and brass instruments, also using the mouth and breathing), along with the music-reading and listening skills that go into playing an instrument in youth, are all factors contributing to the brain boost that shows up at a later age.
Remarkably, scientists can even map the impact of musical training on the brain. In a 2003 study, Harvard neurologist Gottfried Schlaug found that the brains of adult professional musicians had a larger (24) of grey matter (the regions of the brain involved in mental processes such as seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision making, and self-control) than those of non-musicians. Schlaug and colleagues also found that after fifteen months of musical training in early childhood, structural brain changes associated with improvements in our movement and hearing begin to appear. Such findings speak to the brain’s (25) — its ability to change or adapt in response to experience, environment, or behavior. It also shows the power of musical training to enhance and build connections within the brain.
Creating additional neural connections in childhood can last a lifetime and thus help compensate ____ our failing powers of memory and thinking later in life.
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核心觀念
本題考「動詞與介系詞的固定搭配」及語意判斷。
句中為:
help compensate for our failing powers of memory and thinking later in life.
幫助補償我們晚年逐漸衰退的記憶力與思考能力。
固定用法為 compensate for + 名詞,表示「補償、彌補、抵銷某種損失或不足」。
因此:
解題方法
先判斷 compensate 後面的介系詞搭配,再根據上下文確認語意。
文章指出,童年音樂訓練能在腦中建立額外的神經連結,這些連結可以持續一生,因而有助於「彌補」晚年逐漸衰退的記憶力與思考能力。表示「彌補某種缺失」時,必須使用:
compensate for + 被彌補的事物
完整句意為:
Creating additional neural connections in childhood can last a lifetime and thus help compensate for our failing powers of memory and thinking later in life.
在童年建立額外的神經連結可以持續一生,因此有助於彌補我們晚年逐漸衰退的記憶力與思考能力。
所以空格填入 for。
選項分析
- (A) about
compensate about 不是標準固定搭配。about 常表示「關於、大約、在附近」,無法表達「彌補某種不足」的意思,因此錯誤。
- (B) from
第 23 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Studies show that musical training can have a (21) and lasting impact on the brain, creating additional neural connections in childhood that can last a lifetime and thus help compensate (22) our failing powers of memory and thinking later in life. The many hours spent learning and practicing specific types of (23) (each finger on each hand doing something different, and for wind and brass instruments, also using the mouth and breathing), along with the music-reading and listening skills that go into playing an instrument in youth, are all factors contributing to the brain boost that shows up at a later age.
Remarkably, scientists can even map the impact of musical training on the brain. In a 2003 study, Harvard neurologist Gottfried Schlaug found that the brains of adult professional musicians had a larger (24) of grey matter (the regions of the brain involved in mental processes such as seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision making, and self-control) than those of non-musicians. Schlaug and colleagues also found that after fifteen months of musical training in early childhood, structural brain changes associated with improvements in our movement and hearing begin to appear. Such findings speak to the brain’s (25) — its ability to change or adapt in response to experience, environment, or behavior. It also shows the power of musical training to enhance and build connections within the brain.
The many hours spent learning and practicing specific types of ____ (each finger on each hand doing something different, and for wind and brass instruments, also using the mouth and breathing) contribute to the brain boost.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「語境搭配」。空格前為:
specific types of ____
特定類型的「______」
後文以括號補充說明:
each finger on each hand doing something different, and for wind and brass instruments, also using the mouth and breathing
每隻手的每根手指各自進行不同動作;至於木管與銅管樂器,還要運用嘴部及呼吸。
這段描述的是演奏樂器時,手指、嘴部與呼吸必須同時配合的「協調動作」,因此答案為 coordination(協調、協調能力)。
解題方法
判斷名詞與後文的語意是否相符:
- 句中提到 learning and practicing,表示空格應是可以學習、練習的能力或動作。
- 括號內容具體說明雙手手指各自執行不同動作,並且配合嘴部與呼吸。
- 這種「多個身體部位同時配合完成動作」就是 coordination。
- 因此:
practicing specific types of coordination
練習特定類型的協調動作/協調能力
完整句意為:
The many hours spent learning and practicing specific types of coordination ... contribute to the brain boost.
長時間學習並練習特定類型的協調動作,有助於提升大腦功能。
選項分析
(A) demonstration:示範;展示;證明
此字指向他人展示某種做法,或證明某個觀點。例如 a demonstration of a new technique 是「新技術的示範」。題幹談的是演奏時身體各部位的配合,不是向他人示範,也不是提出證明,因此不合語意。
(B) representation:代表;表現;呈現;表徵
此字通常指代表某人或某事物,也可指抽象概念的呈現,例如 a visual representation(視覺呈現)。題幹描述的是手指、嘴部與呼吸的實際協同運作,不是「代表」或「表徵」,因此不適合。
(C) contemplation:沉思;深思;考慮
此字指長時間思考或沉思,例如 deep contemplation(深入沉思)。演奏樂器確實需要專注,但括號明確描述的是身體動作的配合,不是思考活動,因此錯誤。
(D) coordination:協調;協調能力;動作協調
第 24 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Studies show that musical training can have a (21) and lasting impact on the brain, creating additional neural connections in childhood that can last a lifetime and thus help compensate (22) our failing powers of memory and thinking later in life. The many hours spent learning and practicing specific types of (23) (each finger on each hand doing something different, and for wind and brass instruments, also using the mouth and breathing), along with the music-reading and listening skills that go into playing an instrument in youth, are all factors contributing to the brain boost that shows up at a later age.
Remarkably, scientists can even map the impact of musical training on the brain. In a 2003 study, Harvard neurologist Gottfried Schlaug found that the brains of adult professional musicians had a larger (24) of grey matter (the regions of the brain involved in mental processes such as seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision making, and self-control) than those of non-musicians. Schlaug and colleagues also found that after fifteen months of musical training in early childhood, structural brain changes associated with improvements in our movement and hearing begin to appear. Such findings speak to the brain’s (25) — its ability to change or adapt in response to experience, environment, or behavior. It also shows the power of musical training to enhance and build connections within the brain.
The brains of adult professional musicians had a larger ____ of grey matter than those of non-musicians.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 字義辨析:判斷哪個名詞能表示「灰質的多寡」。
- 固定搭配與語意:
a larger volume of + 不可數名詞表示「較大的……體積/量」。 - 科學語境判讀:灰質是腦部組織,適合用「體積」描述,而非數量、單位或速度。
句型為:
The brains of adult professional musicians had a larger volume of grey matter than those of non-musicians.
其中 larger ... than ... 表示「比……更大的……」,空格後接 of grey matter,需要填入能表示灰質「總量或體積」的名詞。
定位答案的原文與翻譯
題幹原文:
In a 2003 study, Harvard neurologist Gottfried Schlaug found that the brains of adult professional musicians had a larger volume of grey matter ... than those of non-musicians.
翻譯:
在一項 2003 年的研究中,哈佛大學神經學家 Gottfried Schlaug 發現,成年職業音樂家的腦部具有比非音樂家更大的灰質體積……
volume of grey matter 即「灰質的體積」,符合腦部結構研究的描述方式,因此答案為 (C) volume。
選項分析
(A) number 數目、數量
number 通常用來表示可數事物的數量,例如:
the number of neural connections:神經連結的數量the number of musicians:音樂家的數目
grey matter 指灰質這種腦部組織,屬於不可數的物質名稱。研究若要描述灰質占有多少空間,應使用 volume,而非 number。
此外,a larger number of grey matter 在語意上也不自然,因為灰質不是一個個可分開計數的個體。
(B) unit 單位、單元
unit 可表示「單位」或「個別組成單元」,例如:
a unit of measurement:測量單位a unit of tissue:一個組織單元
第 25 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Studies show that musical training can have a (21) and lasting impact on the brain, creating additional neural connections in childhood that can last a lifetime and thus help compensate (22) our failing powers of memory and thinking later in life. The many hours spent learning and practicing specific types of (23) (each finger on each hand doing something different, and for wind and brass instruments, also using the mouth and breathing), along with the music-reading and listening skills that go into playing an instrument in youth, are all factors contributing to the brain boost that shows up at a later age.
Remarkably, scientists can even map the impact of musical training on the brain. In a 2003 study, Harvard neurologist Gottfried Schlaug found that the brains of adult professional musicians had a larger (24) of grey matter (the regions of the brain involved in mental processes such as seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision making, and self-control) than those of non-musicians. Schlaug and colleagues also found that after fifteen months of musical training in early childhood, structural brain changes associated with improvements in our movement and hearing begin to appear. Such findings speak to the brain’s (25) — its ability to change or adapt in response to experience, environment, or behavior. It also shows the power of musical training to enhance and build connections within the brain.
Such findings speak to the brain’s ____— its ability to change or adapt in response to experience, environment, or behavior.
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核心觀念
本題考「上下文語意判斷」與關鍵單字辨析。空格位於:
Such findings speak to the brain’s ____ — its ability to change or adapt in response to experience, environment, or behavior.
這些研究結果顯示大腦具有__,也就是大腦能因應經驗、環境或行為而改變或適應的能力。
破折號後面的 its ability to change or adapt... 是對空格內容的同位語解釋,直接定義前面的名詞。因此只要掌握「大腦因經驗而改變、適應的能力」這個概念,即可判斷答案。
解題方法
關鍵句中的定義是:
its ability to change or adapt in response to experience, environment, or behavior
意思是「因應經驗、環境或行為而改變或適應的能力」。神經科學中,描述大腦具有這種可變性與適應性的專有名詞是 plasticity,中文為「可塑性」。
全文前文提到:
- 音樂訓練會在大腦中建立額外的神經連結。
- 長期音樂訓練會造成腦部結構改變。
- 早期訓練能改善動作與聽覺能力。
這些內容共同說明大腦會受到訓練與環境刺激而產生結構及功能上的變化,因此空格應填 plasticity。
文法與語意重點
- speak to + 名詞
此處的 speak to 不是「對某人說話」,而是「顯示、證明、反映、說明」。
Such findings speak to the brain’s plasticity.
這些研究結果顯示大腦具有可塑性。
- brain’s + 名詞
the brain’s plasticity 是所有格結構,表示「大腦的可塑性」。
- 破折號後的同位語
破折號後面的:
its ability to change or adapt...
用來進一步解釋 plasticity 的意思。這是本題最直接的線索。
- in response to
第 26 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Decades of predictions have foretold the (26) of artificial intelligence (AI) into the workforce, with forecasts suggesting that up to 40% of jobs might be automated within twenty years. This trend mainly affects roles in predictable, structured settings like factories. However, AI is not yet capable of performing tasks that require nuanced cognition, subtlety, or complexity, falling short in sectors that demand human creativity, perception, and social skills. Fields such as surgery, human resources, and legal work (27) areas where human expertise remains paramount, showcasing the limits of AI in replicating the depth of human judgment and ingenuity.
The concept of human-in-the-loop, which blends AI with human supervision, presents a superior method by leveraging the strengths of both to surpass what either could achieve alone. This hybrid approach enhances efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making across various industries. Particularly, the medical, HR, and legal sectors benefit from this (28), with AI assisting but not replacing human professionals. In healthcare, AI supports diagnostic and treatment processes by (29) the critical roles of empathy and intuition to medical professionals. In HR, AI streamlines recruitment and training, relying on human insight for nuanced decisions. Legal practices utilize AI for document analysis, yet depend on human legal expertise for strategic thinking and complex negotiations.
Embracing the partnership between AI and human intelligence, rather than viewing it as a threat, encourages a promising path forward. This collaborative model ensures the (30) of both artificial and human intelligences, leading to enhanced outcomes and the preservation of uniquely human attributes in professional settings.
Decades of predictions have foretold the ____ of artificial intelligence (AI) into the workforce.
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核心觀念
本題考克漏字中的「字義判斷」與「固定搭配」。關鍵句為:
Decades of predictions have foretold the expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) into the workforce.
數十年來的預測一直預告,人工智慧(AI)將擴展進入勞動力市場。
句型為:
- foretell + 名詞:預告、預示某事
- the expansion of A into B:A 擴展進入 B
文章後文提到 AI 將逐漸應用於工廠、醫療、人力資源與法律等工作領域,因此空格需要填入表示「擴展、擴張」的名詞。
解題方法
先觀察空格前後:
foretold the (26) of artificial intelligence (AI) into the workforce
the 後面需要名詞,且該名詞必須能與 of AI into the workforce 合理連接。
將各選項代入:
- the expansion of AI into the workforce
AI 擴展進入勞動力市場,語意通順。 - the collocation of AI into the workforce
AI 的搭配進入勞動力市場,語意不通。 - the exhalation of AI into the workforce
AI 的呼氣進入勞動力市場,語意荒謬。 - the interception of AI into the workforce
AI 的攔截進入勞動力市場,語意不合。
因此答案為 expansion。
選項分析
(A) collocation
collocation 意為「字詞搭配、搭配用法」,指兩個或多個詞經常自然地一起使用,例如 make a decision 是常見的英文搭配。
本句談的是 AI 進入並影響工作領域的發展趨勢,不是在討論語言中的字詞搭配。因此:
the collocation of AI into the workforce
不符合文章語意,錯誤。
(B) expansion
expansion 意為「擴張、擴展、擴大」。expand into 表示「擴展到、進入新的領域」。
AI 原本主要應用於特定範圍,隨著技術發展逐漸進入各種職業與工作場域,正符合後文所描述的自動化趨勢:
第 27 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Decades of predictions have foretold the (26) of artificial intelligence (AI) into the workforce, with forecasts suggesting that up to 40% of jobs might be automated within twenty years. This trend mainly affects roles in predictable, structured settings like factories. However, AI is not yet capable of performing tasks that require nuanced cognition, subtlety, or complexity, falling short in sectors that demand human creativity, perception, and social skills. Fields such as surgery, human resources, and legal work (27) areas where human expertise remains paramount, showcasing the limits of AI in replicating the depth of human judgment and ingenuity.
The concept of human-in-the-loop, which blends AI with human supervision, presents a superior method by leveraging the strengths of both to surpass what either could achieve alone. This hybrid approach enhances efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making across various industries. Particularly, the medical, HR, and legal sectors benefit from this (28), with AI assisting but not replacing human professionals. In healthcare, AI supports diagnostic and treatment processes by (29) the critical roles of empathy and intuition to medical professionals. In HR, AI streamlines recruitment and training, relying on human insight for nuanced decisions. Legal practices utilize AI for document analysis, yet depend on human legal expertise for strategic thinking and complex negotiations.
Embracing the partnership between AI and human intelligence, rather than viewing it as a threat, encourages a promising path forward. This collaborative model ensures the (30) of both artificial and human intelligences, leading to enhanced outcomes and the preservation of uniquely human attributes in professional settings.
Fields such as surgery, human resources, and legal work ____ areas where human expertise remains paramount.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 動詞字義與語境判斷
- 動詞與受詞的搭配
- 主詞與動詞的文法一致
- 關係副詞 where 引導的形容詞子句
題幹句型為:
Fields such as surgery, human resources, and legal work exemplify areas where human expertise remains paramount.
其中主詞是複數的 Fields,因此空格應填原形動詞。句意必須表達「外科、人力資源與法律工作是人類專業仍極為重要的領域之例證」。
解題方法
先觀察空格後面的結構:
areas where human expertise remains paramount
- areas:領域
- where:在這些領域中
- human expertise:人類專業知識
- remains paramount:仍居首要地位、仍極為重要
前文指出,人工智慧尚無法充分處理需要人類創造力、洞察力與社交能力的工作。接著列出 surgery、human resources、legal work,作為「人類專業仍不可取代」的具體例子。
因此最符合句意的動詞是 exemplify,意思是「是……的例子;具體展現」。
完整句意為:
外科、人力資源與法律工作,具體展現了人類專業仍居首要地位的領域。
定位答案的關鍵原文
題幹前一句說明:
However, AI is not yet capable of performing tasks that require nuanced cognition, subtlety, or complexity, falling short in sectors that demand human creativity, perception, and social skills.
翻譯:
然而,人工智慧目前仍無法執行需要細膩認知、微妙判斷或複雜思考的任務,在要求人類創造力、洞察力與社交能力的領域中仍有所不足。
緊接著列出:
Fields such as surgery, human resources, and legal work ____ areas where human expertise remains paramount.
這些工作正是前句所說「需要人類能力」的領域,因此空格應表示「展現、具體說明」之意,選 exemplify 最恰當。
選項分析
(A) argue
- argue:主張、爭辯、論證。
- 常見用法為 argue that + 子句、argue for/against + 名詞。
- 句中若填入:
Fields ... argue areas ...
會變成「這些領域爭辯各個領域」,語意不通,動詞搭配也不自然。
- 因此錯誤。
(B) analyze
- analyze:分析。
- 若填入:
Fields ... analyze areas ...
第 28 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Decades of predictions have foretold the (26) of artificial intelligence (AI) into the workforce, with forecasts suggesting that up to 40% of jobs might be automated within twenty years. This trend mainly affects roles in predictable, structured settings like factories. However, AI is not yet capable of performing tasks that require nuanced cognition, subtlety, or complexity, falling short in sectors that demand human creativity, perception, and social skills. Fields such as surgery, human resources, and legal work (27) areas where human expertise remains paramount, showcasing the limits of AI in replicating the depth of human judgment and ingenuity.
The concept of human-in-the-loop, which blends AI with human supervision, presents a superior method by leveraging the strengths of both to surpass what either could achieve alone. This hybrid approach enhances efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making across various industries. Particularly, the medical, HR, and legal sectors benefit from this (28), with AI assisting but not replacing human professionals. In healthcare, AI supports diagnostic and treatment processes by (29) the critical roles of empathy and intuition to medical professionals. In HR, AI streamlines recruitment and training, relying on human insight for nuanced decisions. Legal practices utilize AI for document analysis, yet depend on human legal expertise for strategic thinking and complex negotiations.
Embracing the partnership between AI and human intelligence, rather than viewing it as a threat, encourages a promising path forward. This collaborative model ensures the (30) of both artificial and human intelligences, leading to enhanced outcomes and the preservation of uniquely human attributes in professional settings.
Particularly, the medical, HR, and legal sectors benefit from this ____.
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核心觀念
本題考克漏字中的「上下文語意判斷」與「抽象名詞辨析」。
題幹先說明 human-in-the-loop 模式結合人工智慧與人類監督,使兩者優勢互補;後文又指出 AI 協助專業人士,但不取代人類。因此空格應填入表示「協同合作、互相加成」的名詞。
定位答案的關鍵句
The concept of human-in-the-loop, which blends AI with human supervision, presents a superior method by leveraging the strengths of both to surpass what either could achieve alone.
翻譯:
「human-in-the-loop 的概念將人工智慧與人類監督結合,透過運用兩者的優勢,超越任何一方單獨所能達成的成果,因此提供了更優良的方法。」
接著題幹寫道:
Particularly, the medical, HR, and legal sectors benefit from this ____.
翻譯:
「尤其是醫療、人力資源與法律領域,都受益於這種__。」
前文的 “blends AI with human supervision” 和 “leveraging the strengths of both” 清楚表示 AI 與人類合作所產生的互補效益,因此空格應填入 synergy。
解題方法
先判斷空格所需的詞性。空格前有指示形容詞 this,後面沒有其他名詞,因此空格應填入單數名詞。
再根據上下文判斷語意:
- AI 與人類合作;
- AI 提升效率與準確度;
- 人類保留同理心、直覺、策略思考與複雜判斷;
- 醫療、人資、法律等領域因此獲益。
這種「整體效果大於個別部分單獨作用」的合作關係,就是 synergy。
選項分析
(A) duplicity
意為「兩面性、欺瞞、口是心非」。此字通常帶有負面意義,指一個人表裡不一或故意欺騙他人。題幹描述的是 AI 與人類的合作效益,沒有欺騙或不誠實的意思,因此不合語境。
第 29 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Decades of predictions have foretold the (26) of artificial intelligence (AI) into the workforce, with forecasts suggesting that up to 40% of jobs might be automated within twenty years. This trend mainly affects roles in predictable, structured settings like factories. However, AI is not yet capable of performing tasks that require nuanced cognition, subtlety, or complexity, falling short in sectors that demand human creativity, perception, and social skills. Fields such as surgery, human resources, and legal work (27) areas where human expertise remains paramount, showcasing the limits of AI in replicating the depth of human judgment and ingenuity.
The concept of human-in-the-loop, which blends AI with human supervision, presents a superior method by leveraging the strengths of both to surpass what either could achieve alone. This hybrid approach enhances efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making across various industries. Particularly, the medical, HR, and legal sectors benefit from this (28), with AI assisting but not replacing human professionals. In healthcare, AI supports diagnostic and treatment processes by (29) the critical roles of empathy and intuition to medical professionals. In HR, AI streamlines recruitment and training, relying on human insight for nuanced decisions. Legal practices utilize AI for document analysis, yet depend on human legal expertise for strategic thinking and complex negotiations.
Embracing the partnership between AI and human intelligence, rather than viewing it as a threat, encourages a promising path forward. This collaborative model ensures the (30) of both artificial and human intelligences, leading to enhanced outcomes and the preservation of uniquely human attributes in professional settings.
In healthcare, AI supports diagnostic and treatment processes by ____ the critical roles of empathy and intuition to medical professionals.
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核心觀念
本題考克漏字中的「語意判斷」與「動詞搭配」。關鍵句為:
In healthcare, AI supports diagnostic and treatment processes by conceding the critical roles of empathy and intuition to medical professionals.
句意是:在醫療領域,人工智慧藉由將同理心與直覺的重要角色交由醫療專業人員承擔,來支援診斷與治療流程。
文章主旨強調「AI 與人類合作」,AI 可以提高效率,卻不能取代人類在同理心、直覺、判斷力等方面的能力。因此空格中的動詞必須能表達「承認、讓出、交由……負責」的概念。
解題方法
先觀察句型:
表示「藉由做某事」。因此四個選項都必須放入動名詞形式,文法上均可接在 by 後方;真正的判斷關鍵在於語意。
句中有兩個重要線索:
AI supports ...:AI 的功能是協助,而非取代。to medical professionals:某項重要角色被交給醫療專業人員。
因此,空格應選擇具有「承認、讓予、交由」意義的 conceding。
答案選項:A. conceding
concede 主要有以下意思:
- 承認某事為真
- 承認某人具有某種權利或地位
- 讓出、讓予某物
conceding the critical roles of empathy and intuition to medical professionals 可理解為「承認同理心與直覺的重要角色應由醫療專業人員掌握」,符合全文「AI 協助人類,而不取代人類」的核心概念。
完整句意為:
在醫療領域,人工智慧藉由承認同理心與直覺的重要角色應交由醫療專業人員負責,來支援診斷與治療流程。
選項分析
(A) conceding 承認;讓予、交由——正確
concede A to B 可表示「將 A 讓給 B」、「承認 A 應由 B 掌握」。本句表示 AI 不取代醫療人員,而是把需要同理心與直覺的關鍵部分交由人類處理,符合上下文。
(B) eradicating 根除、消滅——錯誤
eradicate 表示「徹底消除、根除」,如:
- eradicate disease 根除疾病
- eradicate poverty 消除貧窮
若代入句中,會變成「AI 藉由消滅同理心與直覺在醫療專業人員中的重要角色」,語意不但不合邏輯,也與文章強調保存人類特質的方向相反。
(C) supplanting 取代、替代——錯誤
supplant 表示「取代原本的人或事物」。若代入句中,意思會變成「AI 藉由取代同理心與直覺對醫療人員的重要角色」,暗示 AI 正在取代人類的核心能力。
第 30 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Decades of predictions have foretold the (26) of artificial intelligence (AI) into the workforce, with forecasts suggesting that up to 40% of jobs might be automated within twenty years. This trend mainly affects roles in predictable, structured settings like factories. However, AI is not yet capable of performing tasks that require nuanced cognition, subtlety, or complexity, falling short in sectors that demand human creativity, perception, and social skills. Fields such as surgery, human resources, and legal work (27) areas where human expertise remains paramount, showcasing the limits of AI in replicating the depth of human judgment and ingenuity.
The concept of human-in-the-loop, which blends AI with human supervision, presents a superior method by leveraging the strengths of both to surpass what either could achieve alone. This hybrid approach enhances efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making across various industries. Particularly, the medical, HR, and legal sectors benefit from this (28), with AI assisting but not replacing human professionals. In healthcare, AI supports diagnostic and treatment processes by (29) the critical roles of empathy and intuition to medical professionals. In HR, AI streamlines recruitment and training, relying on human insight for nuanced decisions. Legal practices utilize AI for document analysis, yet depend on human legal expertise for strategic thinking and complex negotiations.
Embracing the partnership between AI and human intelligence, rather than viewing it as a threat, encourages a promising path forward. This collaborative model ensures the (30) of both artificial and human intelligences, leading to enhanced outcomes and the preservation of uniquely human attributes in professional settings.
This collaborative model ensures the ____ of both artificial and human intelligences.
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核心觀念
本題考「克漏字的語意判斷」與「抽象名詞搭配」。空格前為定冠詞 the,後接 of both artificial and human intelligences,需要填入一個能表達「讓人工智慧與人類智慧發揮最佳效能」的名詞。
文章主旨是:AI 與人類合作,由 AI 協助人類,而非取代人類,藉此提升效率、準確度與決策品質。因此,最符合上下文的字是 optimization,意為「最佳化、最有效運用」。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句為:
This collaborative model ensures the optimization of both artificial and human intelligences, leading to enhanced outcomes and the preservation of uniquely human attributes in professional settings.
翻譯:
這種合作模式確保人工智慧與人類智慧都能獲得最佳化,進而提升成果,並保留人類在專業工作環境中獨有的特質。
解題時可掌握三個線索:
- 前文強調人類與 AI 的合作模式能夠:
enhances efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making
意為「提升效率、準確度與決策能力」。
-
文章說明 AI 協助醫療、HR 與法律工作,但不取代人類專業。
-
空格後的結果是:
leading to enhanced outcomes
意為「帶來更好的成果」。
因此,空格應填入表示「提升至最佳狀態」的名詞 optimization。
句型結構為:
意為「確保 A 與 B 的最佳化」。其中 optimization 是不可數抽象名詞,前面搭配 the,後面以 of 引出被最佳化的對象。
選項分析
(A) adulteration
adulteration 意為「摻雜、摻假、 adulteration of a substance(物質摻假)」。
此字通常用於食品、藥品或其他物質遭到不當添加、污染,帶有負面意義。例如:
- adulteration of milk:牛奶摻假
- food adulteration:食品摻假
若填入句中,會變成:
確保人工智慧與人類智慧的摻雜。
這與文章強調 AI 和人類合作以提升工作成果的正面語意不符,因此錯誤。
(B) degradation
degradation 意為「退化、劣化、降級、貶低」。
此字通常表示品質、功能或地位下降,例如:
- environmental degradation:環境劣化
- degradation of performance:效能退化
- protein degradation:蛋白質分解
若填入句中,語意會變成「確保人工智慧與人類智慧的退化」,與 enhanced outcomes「提升成果」及全文的正面合作觀點相矛盾,因此錯誤。
(C) stagnation
stagnation 意為「停滯、不發展、無進展」。
常見搭配包括:
第 31 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Back pain is a common health problem which affects 80 percent of us at some time in our lives. It affects general wellbeing, prevents people from working, and even causes people to become depressed.
You could be forgiven for thinking that lower back pain is a curse of our modern lifestyle. Many in the West blame our sedentary habits. But back pain is something that people around the world seem to suffer from, whether they spend all day sitting at a desk or working in the fields.
Scientists believe that back pain comes from our being bipedal: walking upright on two feet. So, unless you go in for regular posture training or have a resistant physique, you will suffer from back pain at some point. What to do about it? You can look into exercise classes that help to build core muscle strength, but they are mainly a preventive measure. Some countries have developed cures, like Madagascar, where Baobab tree bark is used. But mostly treatment consists of months of painkillers and manipulation before the practitioner can turn around the situation. It seems that for the time being, we will just have to put up with back pain.
What is NOT true about back pain according to the passage?
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核心觀念
本題考「閱讀理解中的正誤判斷」與「文章細節定位」。題目問:
What is NOT true about back pain according to the passage?
根據文章,關於背痛的敘述何者不正確?
解題重點是逐一比對選項與原文,特別注意:
- 原文明確支持的事實。
- 選項是否加入原文沒有提到的資訊。
permanently(永久地)等強烈語氣是否超出文章內容。
文章中定位答案的關鍵句
原文指出:
“Some countries have developed cures, like Madagascar, where Baobab tree bark is used. But mostly treatment consists of months of painkillers and manipulation before the practitioner can turn around the situation. It seems that for the time being, we will just have to put up with back pain.”
翻譯:
有些國家已發展出治療方法,例如馬達加斯加使用猴麵包樹樹皮。然而,大多數治療包含數個月的止痛藥與推拿,之後治療者才可能扭轉病情。就目前而言,我們似乎只能忍受背痛。
這段話的重點是:雖然有些地方有治療方法,但整體而言尚無能夠永久治癒背痛的有效措施;患者往往仍須接受長時間治療並忍受疼痛。
解題方法
先找出文章對四個選項涉及的資訊:
- 背痛影響人口比例。
- 核心肌群運動與預防的關係。
- 藥物與推拿治療所需時間。
- 是否已有永久治癒背痛的方法。
前三項均能在原文找到直接或近似的依據;A 則宣稱專家已找到「能永久治癒」背痛的有效方法,與文章最後所表達的整體結論相反,因此選 A。
選項分析
(A) Experts have found effective measures that can cure back pain permanently.
專家已找到能永久治癒背痛的有效措施。
此項錯誤。
文章只提到:
“Some countries have developed cures...”
意思是「有些國家發展出治療方法」,並不等於專家已找到能永久治癒背痛的方法。更重要的是,文章最後說:
“for the time being, we will just have to put up with back pain.”
意思是「目前我們似乎只能忍受背痛」,顯示背痛尚未有普遍、永久且確實的根治方法。
選項中的 permanently 是關鍵陷阱。原文沒有支持「永久治癒」,反而傳達目前治療效果有限、過程漫長的觀點。
(B) 80 percent of people around the world are affected by back pain at some time in their lives.
全世界百分之八十的人在一生中的某個時期會受到背痛影響。
此項依官方答案判定為正確。
原文第一段說:
“Back pain is a common health problem which affects 80 percent of us at some time in our lives.”
翻譯:
背痛是一種常見的健康問題,在我們一生中的某個時期會影響百分之八十的人。
at some time in our lives 表示「在我們一生中的某個時期」,並非一直處於背痛狀態。文章第二段又補充,背痛似乎是世界各地的人都會遭遇的問題:
“back pain is something that people around the world seem to suffer from”
因此本選項符合文章主旨與數據。
爭議點: 原文的 us 並未逐字明說「全世界百分之八十的人」,而是泛指人們;第二段則以 people around the world 說明背痛具有全球普遍性。依本題官方答案與一般閱讀理解的概括方式,B 視為正確敘述。
(C) Exercise classes that help to build core muscle strength may help to prevent back pain.
有助於建立核心肌群力量的運動課程,可能有助於預防背痛。
第 32 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Back pain is a common health problem which affects 80 percent of us at some time in our lives. It affects general wellbeing, prevents people from working, and even causes people to become depressed.
You could be forgiven for thinking that lower back pain is a curse of our modern lifestyle. Many in the West blame our sedentary habits. But back pain is something that people around the world seem to suffer from, whether they spend all day sitting at a desk or working in the fields.
Scientists believe that back pain comes from our being bipedal: walking upright on two feet. So, unless you go in for regular posture training or have a resistant physique, you will suffer from back pain at some point. What to do about it? You can look into exercise classes that help to build core muscle strength, but they are mainly a preventive measure. Some countries have developed cures, like Madagascar, where Baobab tree bark is used. But mostly treatment consists of months of painkillers and manipulation before the practitioner can turn around the situation. It seems that for the time being, we will just have to put up with back pain.
What assumption does the sentence “Many in the West blame our sedentary habits” express?
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 閱讀理解中的「句意推論」。
- 關鍵字 sedentary 的語意。
- 動詞 blame 的因果用法。
- 根據上下文判斷句子所隱含的假設。
原文句子:
Many in the West blame our sedentary habits.
翻譯為:
西方許多人把我們的久坐習慣歸咎為背痛的原因。
其中:
- blame A:把責任或原因歸咎於 A
- sedentary:久坐的、缺乏活動的
- habit:習慣
- lower back pain:下背痛、腰痛
- suffer from:罹患、遭受
- bipedal:雙足行走的
- posture:姿勢
- core muscle strength:核心肌群力量
- preventive measure:預防措施
- put up with:忍受
因此,這句話表達的假設是:西方人認為「長時間坐著、缺乏活動」容易導致背痛,與選項 (B) 的意思相符。
解題方法
先掌握句子的因果關係:
blame 表示「將某結果歸因於某事物」。文章前文指出,背痛會影響健康、工作與心理狀態;接著說西方人將背痛歸咎於現代生活中的久坐習慣。
所以,這句話的核心意思不是描述「東方人的研究結果」,也不是討論交通工具,而是指出:
久坐、長時間不活動的人,較容易出現背痛。
這正是 (B) People who sit for long periods are prone to back pain. 的改寫。
選項分析
(A) People in the East have proven that sedentary habits are the main causes for back pain.
東方人已證明久坐習慣是背痛的主要原因。
錯誤原因:
- 原文只說 Many in the West,主詞是「西方許多人」,並未提到東方人。
- blame 表示「認為某事是原因」,不等於科學上的 proven「已證明」。
- 原文也沒有說久坐是背痛的「主要原因」或唯一原因。
(B) People who sit for long periods are prone to back pain.
第 33 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Back pain is a common health problem which affects 80 percent of us at some time in our lives. It affects general wellbeing, prevents people from working, and even causes people to become depressed.
You could be forgiven for thinking that lower back pain is a curse of our modern lifestyle. Many in the West blame our sedentary habits. But back pain is something that people around the world seem to suffer from, whether they spend all day sitting at a desk or working in the fields.
Scientists believe that back pain comes from our being bipedal: walking upright on two feet. So, unless you go in for regular posture training or have a resistant physique, you will suffer from back pain at some point. What to do about it? You can look into exercise classes that help to build core muscle strength, but they are mainly a preventive measure. Some countries have developed cures, like Madagascar, where Baobab tree bark is used. But mostly treatment consists of months of painkillers and manipulation before the practitioner can turn around the situation. It seems that for the time being, we will just have to put up with back pain.
Which does the word “bipedal” in the third paragraph mean?
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核心觀念
本題考查字義判讀與字根分析,關鍵單字是 bipedal:
- bi-:二、兩個
- ped:腳、足
- -al:形容詞字尾,表示「……的」
因此,bipedal 的意思是「用兩隻腳行走的、雙足的」。
文章中提到人類因為「直立用兩隻腳行走」而容易產生背痛,故可由上下文判斷 bipedal 與「兩隻腳」有關。
解題方法
定位第三段的關鍵句:
Scientists believe that back pain comes from our being bipedal: walking upright on two feet.
翻譯為:
科學家認為,背痛源自於我們是雙足動物,也就是直立用兩隻腳行走。
句中冒號後面的 walking upright on two feet,直接補充說明 bipedal 的意思:
- walking:行走
- upright:直立地
- on two feet:用兩隻腳
所以 bipedal 就是「用兩隻腳移動」,對應 (B) Moving on both feet。
選項分析
(A) Moving on four feet
意思是「用四隻腳移動」。這與 bipedal 相反;「四足的」是 quadrupedal,不是 bipedal。
(B) Moving on both feet
意思是「用兩隻腳移動」。both 表示「兩者都」,both feet 就是「兩隻腳」,符合文章中的 on two feet,因此正確。
(C) Working with both hands
意思是「用雙手工作」。bipedal 的 ped 指的是腳,不是手;「手」的字根常見 manu- 或 chir-,因此本選項錯誤。
(D) Kneeling down on both knees
意思是「雙膝跪下」。這描述的是姿勢,並非「用兩隻腳行走」;且 bipedal 強調的是移動方式與腳的數目,不是膝蓋的動作,因此錯誤。
第 34 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Back pain is a common health problem which affects 80 percent of us at some time in our lives. It affects general wellbeing, prevents people from working, and even causes people to become depressed.
You could be forgiven for thinking that lower back pain is a curse of our modern lifestyle. Many in the West blame our sedentary habits. But back pain is something that people around the world seem to suffer from, whether they spend all day sitting at a desk or working in the fields.
Scientists believe that back pain comes from our being bipedal: walking upright on two feet. So, unless you go in for regular posture training or have a resistant physique, you will suffer from back pain at some point. What to do about it? You can look into exercise classes that help to build core muscle strength, but they are mainly a preventive measure. Some countries have developed cures, like Madagascar, where Baobab tree bark is used. But mostly treatment consists of months of painkillers and manipulation before the practitioner can turn around the situation. It seems that for the time being, we will just have to put up with back pain.
Which is wrong about the kind of back pain discussed in the passage?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題是閱讀理解中的「錯誤選項判斷」,重點在於:
- 依據文章明示或可合理推論的資訊,判斷選項是否符合文意。
- 注意選項是否加入文章未提及的細節,例如治療方式、時間長短或療效。
- 辨識重要單字與片語,尤其是描述背痛成因、影響及治療效果的語句。
文章主旨是:背痛是全球常見的健康問題,會影響生活與工作;雖然運動可強化核心肌群並具有預防作用,但現有治療通常需要長時間服用止痛藥及接受 manipulation,並非短時間按摩即可痊癒。
解題方法
題目問:
Which is wrong about the kind of back pain discussed in the passage?
關於文章所討論的這種背痛,下列何者錯誤?
解題時逐一將選項與文章內容比對:
- 文章明確提到的資訊,可判定為正確。
- 文章未提到,且與文章內容相矛盾的敘述,判定為錯誤。
- 特別注意選項是否把「預防」誤寫成「治療」,或把「長期治療」誤寫成「短時間即可治癒」。
定位答案的關鍵原文是:
“But mostly treatment consists of months of painkillers and manipulation before the practitioner can turn around the situation.”
翻譯為:
但大多數情況下,治療包括數個月的止痛藥與推拿/徒手處理,之後治療者才有可能扭轉情況。
這句顯示背痛的治療通常需要數月,文章並未表示「半小時按摩即可治好」。
選項分析
(A) It is a universal problem.
背痛是普遍性的問題。
文章開頭指出:
“Back pain is a common health problem which affects 80 percent of us at some time in our lives.”
意思是:
背痛是常見的健康問題,一生中某個時期會影響我們百分之八十的人。
文章後文也說:
“back pain is something that people around the world seem to suffer from”
意思是:
世界各地的人似乎都會受到背痛之苦。
因此,背痛並非只發生在某一國家或某一種生活型態的人身上,(A) 符合文章整體意思,正確。
補充而言,universal 在此處是「普遍存在的、全球性的」概念,不必解讀為每一個人百分之百都會罹患。
(B) It affects people’s work.
背痛會影響人們的工作。
文章第一段明確指出:
“It affects general wellbeing, prevents people from working, and even causes people to become depressed.”
翻譯為:
它影響整體身心健康,使人無法工作,甚至導致人們憂鬱。
其中 prevents people from working 是重要片語:
- prevent A from V-ing:阻止 A 做某事
- prevents people from working:使人們無法工作
因此,(B) 是文章直接支持的敘述,正確。
(C) Getting a half-hour massage can fix it.
接受半小時按摩就能治好背痛。
此選項錯在兩個部分:
- 文章沒有提到 half-hour massage,也沒有提供「半小時」這個治療時間。
- 文章反而指出,大多數治療需要數個月的止痛藥與 manipulation:
“treatment consists of months of painkillers and manipulation”
意思是:
治療包括數個月的止痛藥與推拿/徒手處理。
此外,文中提到的 exercise classes 主要是:
“mainly a preventive measure”
意思是:
主要是預防措施。
也就是說,核心肌群訓練主要用來預防背痛,並非表示半小時按摩就能立即治癒既有背痛。
第 35 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Back pain is a common health problem which affects 80 percent of us at some time in our lives. It affects general wellbeing, prevents people from working, and even causes people to become depressed.
You could be forgiven for thinking that lower back pain is a curse of our modern lifestyle. Many in the West blame our sedentary habits. But back pain is something that people around the world seem to suffer from, whether they spend all day sitting at a desk or working in the fields.
Scientists believe that back pain comes from our being bipedal: walking upright on two feet. So, unless you go in for regular posture training or have a resistant physique, you will suffer from back pain at some point. What to do about it? You can look into exercise classes that help to build core muscle strength, but they are mainly a preventive measure. Some countries have developed cures, like Madagascar, where Baobab tree bark is used. But mostly treatment consists of months of painkillers and manipulation before the practitioner can turn around the situation. It seems that for the time being, we will just have to put up with back pain.
What does it mean when the author suggests that readers “put up with” back pain?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查英文片語的語意與上下文判讀。
put up with + 名詞 表示「忍受、容忍、勉強應付」,相當於:
- tolerate:容忍
- endure:忍受
- bear:承受
- cope with:應付、與……共處
文章最後一句:
It seems that for the time being, we will just have to put up with back pain.
其中:
- for the time being:暫時、目前
- have to:必須
- put up with back pain:忍受背痛、與背痛共處
全句意為:
看來在目前這段期間,我們只能忍受背痛。
因此,作者的意思是:在更有效的治療方法出現以前,人們只能繼續承受背痛。
解題方法
先抓住片語 put up with 的固定意思,再利用句中的時間副詞片語 for the time being 判斷語氣。
文章前文指出:
- 背痛十分普遍,許多人一生中某個時期都會受到影響。
- 核心肌群訓練主要是預防措施。
- 某些國家有治療方法,但整體而言,治療通常需要長時間服用止痛藥與接受身體操弄。
- 因此,目前仍缺乏普遍且有效的治療方式。
最後才得出結論:
we will just have to put up with back pain
也就是「在更有效的治療出現前,只能應付、忍受背痛」。這與選項 D 完全相符。
選項分析
(A) There is good news because some countries have developed cures for back pain, such as Baobab tree bark in Madagascar.
錯誤。
文章雖然提到馬達加斯加使用猴麵包樹樹皮,但語氣並非表示「有好消息」。原文使用 Some countries have developed cures,接著又說 But mostly treatment consists of months of painkillers and manipulation,強調這些療法並非普遍、快速且有效的解決方式。
此外,put up with 的意思是「忍受」,不是「因為已有療法而感到樂觀」。本選項只擷取文章中的部分資訊,沒有解釋最後一句的真正語意。
(B) No one thinks that back pain is a curse of our modern lifestyle because it is unpredictable.
錯誤。
文章明確表示:
第 36 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
A new report published by the World Health Organization (WHO), “Fair share for health and care: gender and the undervaluation of health and care work” illustrates how gender inequalities in health and care work negatively impact women, health systems and health outcomes.
The report reveals that underinvestment in health systems results in a vicious cycle of unpaid health and care work, lowering women’s participation in paid labor markets, harming women’s economic empowerment and hampering gender equality.
Women comprise 67% of the paid global health and care workforce. In addition to this paid work, it has been estimated that women perform 76% of all unpaid care activities. Work that is done primarily by women tends to be paid less and to be carried out in poor working conditions.
The report highlights that low pay and demanding working conditions are commonly found in the health and care sector. Devaluing caregiving, which is work performed primarily by women, negatively impacts wages, working conditions, productivity and the economic footprint of the sector.
The report illustrates that decades of chronic underinvestment in health and care work is contributing to a growing global crisis of care. With stagnation in progress towards universal health coverage (UHC), which has resulted in 4.5 billion people lacking full coverage of essential health services, women may take on even more unpaid care work. The negative impact of weak health systems combined with an increasing volume of unpaid health and care work is further straining the wellbeing of caregivers and the quality of services.
“The ‘Fair Share’ report highlights how gender-equitable investments in health and care work would reset the value of health and care and drive fairer and more inclusive economies,” said Jim Campbell, WHO Director for Health Workforce. “We are calling upon leaders, policy-makers and employers to action investment: it is time for a fair share for health and care.”
Investments in health and care systems not only accelerate progress toward UHC, they redistribute unpaid health and care work. When women participate in paid health and care employment, they are economically empowered and health outcomes are better. Health systems need to recognize, value and invest in all forms of health and care work.
What does the new report published by the WHO illustrate?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題是英文閱讀理解,考查:
- 主旨與文章首句定位
- 細節判讀
- 選項是否符合文章明確資訊
- 代名詞與語意關係
題目問:
What does the new report published by the WHO illustrate?
意為:「世界衛生組織發布的新報告說明了什麼?」
解題重點是尋找文章對報告內容的直接概括,而非只挑選文章中出現過的零碎字詞。
解題方法
文章第一段直接說明報告的核心內容:
A new report published by the World Health Organization (WHO), “Fair share for health and care: gender and the undervaluation of health and care work” illustrates how gender inequalities in health and care work negatively impact women, health systems and health outcomes.
翻譯:
世界衛生組織發布的新報告《健康與照護的公平份額:性別與健康及照護工作的低估》,說明了健康與照護工作中的性別不平等如何對女性、衛生系統及健康結果造成負面影響。
其中:
- illustrate:說明、闡明、展示
- gender inequalities:性別不平等
- negatively impact:對……造成負面影響
- health systems:衛生系統、醫療體系
- health outcomes:健康結果、醫療健康成效
選項 A 幾乎完整重述此句:
Gender inequalities bring negative impacts on women, health systems and health outcomes.
因此可直接判定 A 為正確答案。
語意與文法重點
- illustrate how + 子句
原文中的:
illustrates how gender inequalities ... negatively impact ...
是「說明性別不平等如何造成……影響」的句型。
其中 how 引導名詞子句,作為 illustrates 的受詞。
- impact 的用法
原文:
negatively impact women, health systems and health outcomes
此處 impact 作動詞,表示「影響」;negatively 是副詞,修飾 impact,表示「負面地」。
- 並列結構
women, health systems and health outcomes
三者並列,表示性別不平等的負面影響對象包括:
- 女性
- 衛生系統
- 健康結果
選項 A 正確保留了這三個對象,且將 negatively impact 改寫為 bring negative impacts on,語意相同。
選項分析
(A) Gender inequalities bring negative impacts on women, health systems and health outcomes.
正確。
此選項符合文章第一段的直接敘述。文章指出,健康與照護工作中的性別不平等會對女性、衛生系統及健康結果造成負面影響。
- Gender inequalities 對應原文的 gender inequalities
第 37 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
A new report published by the World Health Organization (WHO), “Fair share for health and care: gender and the undervaluation of health and care work” illustrates how gender inequalities in health and care work negatively impact women, health systems and health outcomes.
The report reveals that underinvestment in health systems results in a vicious cycle of unpaid health and care work, lowering women’s participation in paid labor markets, harming women’s economic empowerment and hampering gender equality.
Women comprise 67% of the paid global health and care workforce. In addition to this paid work, it has been estimated that women perform 76% of all unpaid care activities. Work that is done primarily by women tends to be paid less and to be carried out in poor working conditions.
The report highlights that low pay and demanding working conditions are commonly found in the health and care sector. Devaluing caregiving, which is work performed primarily by women, negatively impacts wages, working conditions, productivity and the economic footprint of the sector.
The report illustrates that decades of chronic underinvestment in health and care work is contributing to a growing global crisis of care. With stagnation in progress towards universal health coverage (UHC), which has resulted in 4.5 billion people lacking full coverage of essential health services, women may take on even more unpaid care work. The negative impact of weak health systems combined with an increasing volume of unpaid health and care work is further straining the wellbeing of caregivers and the quality of services.
“The ‘Fair Share’ report highlights how gender-equitable investments in health and care work would reset the value of health and care and drive fairer and more inclusive economies,” said Jim Campbell, WHO Director for Health Workforce. “We are calling upon leaders, policy-makers and employers to action investment: it is time for a fair share for health and care.”
Investments in health and care systems not only accelerate progress toward UHC, they redistribute unpaid health and care work. When women participate in paid health and care employment, they are economically empowered and health outcomes are better. Health systems need to recognize, value and invest in all forms of health and care work.
What does the word “hampering” in Paragraph 2 mean?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查字義判讀與上下文語意,並搭配同義字辨識。
關鍵句為:
“The report reveals that underinvestment in health systems results in a vicious cycle of unpaid health and care work, lowering women’s participation in paid labor markets, harming women’s economic empowerment and hampering gender equality.”
翻譯:
報告揭示,對醫療體系投資不足會造成無酬醫療與照護工作的惡性循環,降低女性參與有薪勞動市場的程度,損害女性的經濟賦權,並阻礙性別平等。
句中列出三個並列的現在分詞片語:
- lowering:降低
- harming:損害
- hampering:阻礙、妨礙
因此,hampering gender equality 是指「阻礙性別平等」。
解題方法
hamper 是及物動詞,意為:
- 阻礙
- 妨礙
- 限制進展
hampering 是 hamper 的現在分詞形式,置於此處與 lowering、harming 並列,說明醫療體系投資不足所造成的負面結果。
文章前後文也持續強調負面影響,例如:
- “negatively impact women”
對女性造成負面影響 - “harming women’s economic empowerment”
損害女性的經濟賦權 - “further straining the wellbeing of caregivers”
進一步加重照護者的身心負擔
第 38 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
A new report published by the World Health Organization (WHO), “Fair share for health and care: gender and the undervaluation of health and care work” illustrates how gender inequalities in health and care work negatively impact women, health systems and health outcomes.
The report reveals that underinvestment in health systems results in a vicious cycle of unpaid health and care work, lowering women’s participation in paid labor markets, harming women’s economic empowerment and hampering gender equality.
Women comprise 67% of the paid global health and care workforce. In addition to this paid work, it has been estimated that women perform 76% of all unpaid care activities. Work that is done primarily by women tends to be paid less and to be carried out in poor working conditions.
The report highlights that low pay and demanding working conditions are commonly found in the health and care sector. Devaluing caregiving, which is work performed primarily by women, negatively impacts wages, working conditions, productivity and the economic footprint of the sector.
The report illustrates that decades of chronic underinvestment in health and care work is contributing to a growing global crisis of care. With stagnation in progress towards universal health coverage (UHC), which has resulted in 4.5 billion people lacking full coverage of essential health services, women may take on even more unpaid care work. The negative impact of weak health systems combined with an increasing volume of unpaid health and care work is further straining the wellbeing of caregivers and the quality of services.
“The ‘Fair Share’ report highlights how gender-equitable investments in health and care work would reset the value of health and care and drive fairer and more inclusive economies,” said Jim Campbell, WHO Director for Health Workforce. “We are calling upon leaders, policy-makers and employers to action investment: it is time for a fair share for health and care.”
Investments in health and care systems not only accelerate progress toward UHC, they redistribute unpaid health and care work. When women participate in paid health and care employment, they are economically empowered and health outcomes are better. Health systems need to recognize, value and invest in all forms of health and care work.
What benefits will investments in health and care systems bring?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題為英文閱讀理解,考查考生能否從文章結尾整合作者明確列出的政策效益。題幹問:
What benefits will investments in health and care systems bring?
投資健康與照護體系將帶來哪些益處?
解題關鍵在於尋找直接回答問題的句子,而非只依賴前文推論。
答案定位句
文章最後一段明確指出:
Investments in health and care systems not only accelerate progress toward UHC, they redistribute unpaid health and care work. When women participate in paid health and care employment, they are economically empowered and health outcomes are better.
翻譯:
投資健康與照護體系不僅能加速邁向全民健康涵蓋,也能重新分配無酬的健康與照護工作。當女性參與有酬的健康與照護工作時,她們能獲得經濟上的賦權,而且健康結果也會更好。
由此可整理出三項效益:
- 加速邁向全民健康涵蓋(UHC)。
- 重新分配無酬的健康與照護工作。
- 促進女性的經濟賦權。
因此,三個個別敘述均符合文章內容,正確答案為 All of the above。
解題方法
本題採用「題幹關鍵字回文定位法」。
題目關鍵字為:
- investments:投資
- health and care systems:健康與照護體系
- benefits:益處、好處、效益
文章最後一段正好以相同主題開頭:
Investments in health and care systems...
接著透過兩個動詞片語列出投資的直接效益:
- accelerate progress toward UHC:加速邁向全民健康涵蓋
- redistribute unpaid health and care work:重新分配無酬健康與照護工作
下一句則補充女性所獲得的結果:
- be economically empowered:獲得經濟賦權
- health outcomes are better:健康結果改善
選項 A、B、C 分別對應這些內容,故選 D。
選項分析
(A) Progress toward UHC
正確。
文章寫道:
Investments in health and care systems not only accelerate progress toward UHC...
其中 accelerate progress toward UHC 表示「加速朝向 UHC 的進展」。UHC 是 Universal Health Coverage 的縮寫,意為「全民健康涵蓋」或「全民健康保障」。
文章前文也提到,全球有 45 億人尚未完整獲得必要的健康服務,因此投資健康與照護體系能改善此問題,推動全民健康涵蓋。
(B) The redistribution of unpaid health and care work
正確。
文章寫道:
...they redistribute unpaid health and care work.
redistribute 是「重新分配」;unpaid care work 是「無酬照護工作」。文章指出,女性目前承擔全球約 76% 的無酬照護活動。投資健康與照護體系後,部分照護責任可由健全的制度與有酬的照護人力承擔,因而減輕女性過度集中的無酬照護負擔。
(C) Economic empowerment for women
正確。
文章寫道:
When women participate in paid health and care employment, they are economically empowered...
第 39 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
A new report published by the World Health Organization (WHO), “Fair share for health and care: gender and the undervaluation of health and care work” illustrates how gender inequalities in health and care work negatively impact women, health systems and health outcomes.
The report reveals that underinvestment in health systems results in a vicious cycle of unpaid health and care work, lowering women’s participation in paid labor markets, harming women’s economic empowerment and hampering gender equality.
Women comprise 67% of the paid global health and care workforce. In addition to this paid work, it has been estimated that women perform 76% of all unpaid care activities. Work that is done primarily by women tends to be paid less and to be carried out in poor working conditions.
The report highlights that low pay and demanding working conditions are commonly found in the health and care sector. Devaluing caregiving, which is work performed primarily by women, negatively impacts wages, working conditions, productivity and the economic footprint of the sector.
The report illustrates that decades of chronic underinvestment in health and care work is contributing to a growing global crisis of care. With stagnation in progress towards universal health coverage (UHC), which has resulted in 4.5 billion people lacking full coverage of essential health services, women may take on even more unpaid care work. The negative impact of weak health systems combined with an increasing volume of unpaid health and care work is further straining the wellbeing of caregivers and the quality of services.
“The ‘Fair Share’ report highlights how gender-equitable investments in health and care work would reset the value of health and care and drive fairer and more inclusive economies,” said Jim Campbell, WHO Director for Health Workforce. “We are calling upon leaders, policy-makers and employers to action investment: it is time for a fair share for health and care.”
Investments in health and care systems not only accelerate progress toward UHC, they redistribute unpaid health and care work. When women participate in paid health and care employment, they are economically empowered and health outcomes are better. Health systems need to recognize, value and invest in all forms of health and care work.
According to the reading, what does UHC stand for?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查英文文章中的「縮寫辨識」與「上下文語意判讀」。
文章首次出現 UHC 時,寫成:
“With stagnation in progress towards universal health coverage (UHC) …”
英文閱讀中,專有名詞後方以括號附上縮寫,表示前面的完整名稱就是該縮寫的內容。因此:
- universal health coverage:全民健康覆蓋、全民健康保障
- UHC:Universal Health Coverage 的縮寫
解題方法
直接利用文章中的「完整名稱+括號縮寫」結構判斷:
universal health coverage (UHC)
可知 UHC 的完整形式為 Universal Health Coverage,中文是「全民健康覆蓋」。
該句可翻譯為:
隨著全民健康覆蓋的進展停滯,導致有 45 億人無法完整享有基本健康服務,女性可能會承擔更多無酬照護工作。
因此,正確答案為 (A) Universal health coverage。
關鍵單字與片語
- universal:普遍的、全民的
- health coverage:健康保障、醫療涵蓋
- essential health services:基本健康服務
- stagnation:停滯
- progress towards:朝向……的進展
- lack full coverage of:缺乏完整的……保障
- unpaid care work:無酬照護工作
- health systems:醫療衛生體系
- health outcomes:健康結果、醫療成效
- gender equality:性別平等
- economic empowerment:經濟賦權
文法與語意重點
本題重點不是複雜文法,而是括號縮寫的閱讀規則:
第 40 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
A new report published by the World Health Organization (WHO), “Fair share for health and care: gender and the undervaluation of health and care work” illustrates how gender inequalities in health and care work negatively impact women, health systems and health outcomes.
The report reveals that underinvestment in health systems results in a vicious cycle of unpaid health and care work, lowering women’s participation in paid labor markets, harming women’s economic empowerment and hampering gender equality.
Women comprise 67% of the paid global health and care workforce. In addition to this paid work, it has been estimated that women perform 76% of all unpaid care activities. Work that is done primarily by women tends to be paid less and to be carried out in poor working conditions.
The report highlights that low pay and demanding working conditions are commonly found in the health and care sector. Devaluing caregiving, which is work performed primarily by women, negatively impacts wages, working conditions, productivity and the economic footprint of the sector.
The report illustrates that decades of chronic underinvestment in health and care work is contributing to a growing global crisis of care. With stagnation in progress towards universal health coverage (UHC), which has resulted in 4.5 billion people lacking full coverage of essential health services, women may take on even more unpaid care work. The negative impact of weak health systems combined with an increasing volume of unpaid health and care work is further straining the wellbeing of caregivers and the quality of services.
“The ‘Fair Share’ report highlights how gender-equitable investments in health and care work would reset the value of health and care and drive fairer and more inclusive economies,” said Jim Campbell, WHO Director for Health Workforce. “We are calling upon leaders, policy-makers and employers to action investment: it is time for a fair share for health and care.”
Investments in health and care systems not only accelerate progress toward UHC, they redistribute unpaid health and care work. When women participate in paid health and care employment, they are economically empowered and health outcomes are better. Health systems need to recognize, value and invest in all forms of health and care work.
What is NOT true about the data in the report?
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 閱讀文章中的數據擷取。
- 百分比與數量的辨識。
- 同義字替換與語意判斷。
- 找出與原文資料不一致的選項。
解題關鍵是將每個選項逐一對照文章中的數據,不能只看數字是否出現,還要確認「數字所修飾的對象」是否相同。
解題方法
文章提供三項重要資料:
- 女性占全球有薪健康與照護工作人力的 。
- 女性負擔所有無薪照護活動的 。
- 有 billion people 缺乏完整的基本健康服務涵蓋。
定位答案的關鍵原文如下:
“Women comprise 67% of the paid global health and care workforce.”
意為:「女性占全球有薪健康與照護工作人力的 。」
“In addition to this paid work, it has been estimated that women perform 76% of all unpaid care activities.”
意為:「除了這些有薪工作之外,據估計,女性負擔了所有無薪照護活動的 。」
“...4.5 billion people lacking full coverage of essential health services...”
意為:「有 億人缺乏基本健康服務的完整涵蓋。」
因此,正確作法是核對每個選項的「比例或數量」以及「所指對象」。
關鍵單字與片語
-
comprise:包含;構成
-
Women comprise 67% of the workforce.
-
女性占該工作人力的 。
-
paid workforce:有薪勞動力、受薪工作人力
-
unpaid care activities:無薪照護活動
-
perform:從事;執行;進行
-
lack:缺乏
-
full coverage:完整涵蓋;完整保障
-
essential health services:基本健康服務
-
two-thirds:三分之二,約為 ,可近似為
-
crucial:關鍵的;重要的
在本題中可視為 essential 的同義替換。
文法與語意重點
1. comprise 的用法
原文:
Women comprise 67% of the paid global health and care workforce.
句型為:
此句表示「女性構成該工作人力的 」,不是「全世界有 的人缺乏健康保障」。
2. 數字必須搭配正確的名詞
文章中的 修飾的是:
the paid global health and care workforce
也就是「有薪全球健康與照護工作人力」。
文章中的 billion 修飾的是:
people lacking full coverage of essential health services
也就是「缺乏基本健康服務完整涵蓋的人數」。
即使選項出現文章中的數字,只要將數字套用到錯誤對象,仍然是不正確的敘述。
選項分析
第 41 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Even if the term “appropriate technology” is a relatively new one, the concept certainly isn’t. In the 1930s, Mahatma Gandhi claimed that the advanced technology used by Western industrialized nations did not represent the right route to progress for his homeland, India. His favorite machines were the sewing machine, a device invented “out of love,” he said, and the bicycle, which he rode all his life. He wanted the poor villagers of India to use technology that empowered them and helped them to become self-reliant.
This was also the philosophy promoted by E. F. Schumacher in his famous 1970s book Small Is Beautiful, which called for “intermediate technology” solutions. Do not start with technology and see what it can do for people, he argued. Instead, “find out what people are doing and then help them to do it better.” According to Schumacher, it did not matter whether the technological answers to people’s needs were simple or sophisticated. What was important was that solutions were long-term, practical, and, above all, firmly in the hands of the users.
More recently, the term “appropriate technology” has come to mean not just technology which is suited to the needs and capabilities of the user, but technology that takes particular account of environmental, ethical, and cultural considerations. This is clearly a much more difficult thing to achieve. Often appropriate technology is found in rural communities in developing or less industrialized countries. For example, solar-powered lamps that bring light to areas with no electricity and water purifiers that work simply by the action of sucking through a straw. But the principle of appropriate technology does not only apply to developing countries. It also has its place in the developed world.
For example, a Swedish state-owned company has found a way to harness the energy produced by the 250,000 bodies rushing through Stockholm’s central train station each day. The body heat is absorbed by the building’s ventilation system, then used to warm up water that is pumped through pipes over to the new office building nearby. It’s old technology, a system of pipes, water, and pumps, but used in a new way. It is expected to bring down central heating costs in the building by up to 20 percent.
However, wherever it is deployed, there is no guarantee that appropriate technology will in fact be appropriate. After some visiting engineers observed how labor-intensive and slow it was for the women of a Guatemalan village to shell corn by hand, they designed a simple mechanical device to do the job more quickly. The new device certainly saved time, but after a few weeks the women returned to the old manual method. Why? Because they valued the time that hand-shelling gave them to chat and exchange news.
In another case, in Malawi, a local entrepreneur was encouraged to manufacture super-efficient wood-burning stoves to sell to local villagers. Burning wood on an open fire, which is traditional in the developing world, is responsible for 10–20 percent of all global emissions, so this seemed to be an excellent scheme. However, the entrepreneur was so successful that he bought himself a whole fleet of gas-guzzling cars. “We haven’t worked out the implications of that yet,” said a spokesman for the organization that promoted the scheme.
Which one of the following statements is true according to the reading?
(A) Gandhi coined the term “appropriate technology.”
(B) The concept of appropriate technology is relatively new.
(C) Schumacher claimed that technology should provide long-term and practical solutions for its users.
(D) Gandhi preferred advanced technology because it represented the right route to progress for India.
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核心觀念
本題為閱讀理解題,考查:
- 文章主旨與細節定位
- 人物觀點的辨識
- 關鍵字與同義轉換
- 否定句及對比語氣的理解
文章主要介紹「適切科技」(appropriate technology)的概念:科技不一定要先進,而應符合使用者的需求與能力,並兼顧環境、倫理及文化因素。科技方案必須實用、長期有效,且由使用者掌握。
解題方法
本題問的是:
Which one of the following statements is true according to the reading?
根據文章,下列哪一項敘述正確?
解題時應逐一將選項與文章中的明確資訊比對,特別注意:
- relatively new 與文章中的 relatively new one 所修飾的對象不同。
- preferred、claimed 等動詞涉及人物的立場。
- 選項若將文章中的否定敘述改成肯定敘述,便會造成意思相反。
定位答案的關鍵原文是:
“According to Schumacher, it did not matter whether the technological answers to people’s needs were simple or sophisticated. What was important was that solutions were long-term, practical, and, above all, firmly in the hands of the users.”
翻譯:
根據 Schumacher 的看法,科技是否簡單或複雜並不重要;重要的是解決方案必須具備長期性、實用性,而且最重要的是,必須確實掌握在使用者手中。
其中 long-term 對應「長期的」,practical 對應「實用的」,因此可直接支持選項 C。
選項分析
(A) Gandhi coined the term “appropriate technology.”
Gandhi 創造了「適切科技」這個術語。
錯誤。文章只說:
“Even if the term ‘appropriate technology’ is a relatively new one, the concept certainly isn’t.”
翻譯:
即使「適切科技」這個詞相對較新,這個概念本身當然並不新。
文章並未指出 Gandhi 創造此術語。Gandhi 在 1930 年代提出的是:印度不應盲目採用西方工業化國家的先進科技,而應使用能使村民更有能力、更加自立的科技。
關鍵單字:
- coin:創造、首次使用某個詞
- term:術語、用語
- concept:概念
(B) The concept of appropriate technology is relatively new.
適切科技的概念相對較新。
錯誤。此選項混淆了 term 與 concept。
原文說的是:
“the term ‘appropriate technology’ is a relatively new one, the concept certainly isn’t.”
意思是:
這個詞相對較新,但這個概念本身並不新。
因此,「相對較新」只修飾 term,並不修飾 concept。文章接著提到 Gandhi 在 1930 年代便已提出相近思想,更可證明此概念早已存在。
(C) Schumacher claimed that technology should provide long-term and practical solutions for its users.
Schumacher 主張科技應為使用者提供長期且實用的解決方案。
正確。文章明確指出:
“What was important was that solutions were long-term, practical, and, above all, firmly in the hands of the users.”
翻譯:
重要的是,解決方案必須長期、實用,而且最重要的是由使用者掌握。
選項將原文的 solutions were long-term, practical 改寫為 provide long-term and practical solutions,雖然句型不同,但核心語意完全一致。
關鍵片語:
- claim that...:主張……
- provide solutions for users:為使用者提供解決方案
- long-term:長期的
- practical:實用的
- be firmly in the hands of...:確實掌握在……手中
(D) Gandhi preferred advanced technology because it represented the right route t
第 42 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Even if the term “appropriate technology” is a relatively new one, the concept certainly isn’t. In the 1930s, Mahatma Gandhi claimed that the advanced technology used by Western industrialized nations did not represent the right route to progress for his homeland, India. His favorite machines were the sewing machine, a device invented “out of love,” he said, and the bicycle, which he rode all his life. He wanted the poor villagers of India to use technology that empowered them and helped them to become self-reliant.
This was also the philosophy promoted by E. F. Schumacher in his famous 1970s book Small Is Beautiful, which called for “intermediate technology” solutions. Do not start with technology and see what it can do for people, he argued. Instead, “find out what people are doing and then help them to do it better.” According to Schumacher, it did not matter whether the technological answers to people’s needs were simple or sophisticated. What was important was that solutions were long-term, practical, and, above all, firmly in the hands of the users.
More recently, the term “appropriate technology” has come to mean not just technology which is suited to the needs and capabilities of the user, but technology that takes particular account of environmental, ethical, and cultural considerations. This is clearly a much more difficult thing to achieve. Often appropriate technology is found in rural communities in developing or less industrialized countries. For example, solar-powered lamps that bring light to areas with no electricity and water purifiers that work simply by the action of sucking through a straw. But the principle of appropriate technology does not only apply to developing countries. It also has its place in the developed world.
For example, a Swedish state-owned company has found a way to harness the energy produced by the 250,000 bodies rushing through Stockholm’s central train station each day. The body heat is absorbed by the building’s ventilation system, then used to warm up water that is pumped through pipes over to the new office building nearby. It’s old technology, a system of pipes, water, and pumps, but used in a new way. It is expected to bring down central heating costs in the building by up to 20 percent.
However, wherever it is deployed, there is no guarantee that appropriate technology will in fact be appropriate. After some visiting engineers observed how labor-intensive and slow it was for the women of a Guatemalan village to shell corn by hand, they designed a simple mechanical device to do the job more quickly. The new device certainly saved time, but after a few weeks the women returned to the old manual method. Why? Because they valued the time that hand-shelling gave them to chat and exchange news.
In another case, in Malawi, a local entrepreneur was encouraged to manufacture super-efficient wood-burning stoves to sell to local villagers. Burning wood on an open fire, which is traditional in the developing world, is responsible for 10–20 percent of all global emissions, so this seemed to be an excellent scheme. However, the entrepreneur was so successful that he bought himself a whole fleet of gas-guzzling cars. “We haven’t worked out the implications of that yet,” said a spokesman for the organization that promoted the scheme.
Which is NOT true about the features of appropriate technology?
(A) It should empower people and help them to become more self-reliant.
(B) It should only be applicable for developing countries since it is easy.
(C) It should be suitable for the needs and capabilities of its users.
(D) It should consider cultural, ethical, and environmental factors.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「閱讀理解:辨識文章明確陳述與錯誤推論」。解題重點是掌握文章對 appropriate technology(適切科技/適用科技) 的定義與特徵,再逐一核對選項。
文章整理出的適切科技特色如下:
- 能賦予使用者力量,使其更加自主、 self-reliant(自力更生)。
- 必須符合使用者的需求與能力。
- 不只適用於開發中國家,也能應用在已開發國家。
- 必須考量環境、倫理與文化因素。
- 解決方案應長期、實用,且掌握在使用者手中。
- 科技是否「適切」,不能只看效率,也要考慮當地居民的生活方式與價值觀。
題目問的是 Which is NOT true,因此要找出與文章內容不符的選項。
解題方法
先從第三段找出適切科技的現代定義:
“More recently, the term ‘appropriate technology’ has come to mean not just technology which is suited to the needs and capabilities of the user, but technology that takes particular account of environmental, ethical, and cultural considerations.”
翻譯:
近年來,「適切科技」一詞不僅指符合使用者需求與能力的科技,也指特別重視環境、倫理與文化考量的科技。
接著注意文章明確指出:
“But the principle of appropriate technology does not only apply to developing countries. It also has its place in the developed world.”
翻譯:
然而,適切科技的原則並不只適用於開發中國家;它在已開發國家也有其應用價值。
因此,凡是出現 only(只、僅僅)、easy(容易) 這類過度絕對化的敘述,都要特別留意。選項 B 同時主張「只能用於開發中國家」與「因為容易」,兩點都與文章不符。
關鍵單字與片語
- appropriate technology:適切科技、適用科技
- relatively new:相對較新的
- represent the right route to progress:代表正確的發展道路
- empower:賦予力量、使更有能力
- self-reliant:自力更生的、自主的
- intermediate technology:中間技術
- sophisticated:先進複雜的
- firmly in the hands of the users:確實掌握在使用者手中
- be suited to:適合於、符合
- needs and capabilities:需求與能力
- take account of:考量、顧及
- environmental considerations:環境考量
- ethical considerations:倫理考量
- cultural considerations:文化考量
- rural communities:鄉村社區
- developing countries:開發中國家
- less industrialized countries:工業化程度較低的國家
- developed world:已開發世界、已開發國家
- harness energy:利用能源
- body heat:人體熱能
- ventilation system:通風系統
- bring down costs:降低成本
- labor-intensive:勞力密集的
- shell corn:剝玉米粒
- manual method:人工方法
- exchange news:交換消息
- wood-burning stoves:燃木爐
- gas-guzzling cars:耗油量大的汽車
- CO₂ emissions: 排放量
文法與語意重點
1. not just A, but B
文章中的:
“not just technology which is suited to the needs and capabilities of the user, but technology that takes particular account of environmental, ethical, and cultural considerations”
句型為:
not just A, but B
不只是 A,而是 B
意思是:適切科技的定義不只包含「符合使用者需求與能力」,還進一步包含「考量環境、倫理與文化」。
2. does not only apply to A. It also has its place in B.
文章中的:
“does not only apply to developing countries. It also has its place in the developed world.”
這是「不只適用於 A,也適用於 B」的句型。
- apply to:適用於
- have its place in:在某處具有適用性或存在價值
此句直接否定「適切科技只能用於開發中國家」的說法。
第 43 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Even if the term “appropriate technology” is a relatively new one, the concept certainly isn’t. In the 1930s, Mahatma Gandhi claimed that the advanced technology used by Western industrialized nations did not represent the right route to progress for his homeland, India. His favorite machines were the sewing machine, a device invented “out of love,” he said, and the bicycle, which he rode all his life. He wanted the poor villagers of India to use technology that empowered them and helped them to become self-reliant.
This was also the philosophy promoted by E. F. Schumacher in his famous 1970s book Small Is Beautiful, which called for “intermediate technology” solutions. Do not start with technology and see what it can do for people, he argued. Instead, “find out what people are doing and then help them to do it better.” According to Schumacher, it did not matter whether the technological answers to people’s needs were simple or sophisticated. What was important was that solutions were long-term, practical, and, above all, firmly in the hands of the users.
More recently, the term “appropriate technology” has come to mean not just technology which is suited to the needs and capabilities of the user, but technology that takes particular account of environmental, ethical, and cultural considerations. This is clearly a much more difficult thing to achieve. Often appropriate technology is found in rural communities in developing or less industrialized countries. For example, solar-powered lamps that bring light to areas with no electricity and water purifiers that work simply by the action of sucking through a straw. But the principle of appropriate technology does not only apply to developing countries. It also has its place in the developed world.
For example, a Swedish state-owned company has found a way to harness the energy produced by the 250,000 bodies rushing through Stockholm’s central train station each day. The body heat is absorbed by the building’s ventilation system, then used to warm up water that is pumped through pipes over to the new office building nearby. It’s old technology, a system of pipes, water, and pumps, but used in a new way. It is expected to bring down central heating costs in the building by up to 20 percent.
However, wherever it is deployed, there is no guarantee that appropriate technology will in fact be appropriate. After some visiting engineers observed how labor-intensive and slow it was for the women of a Guatemalan village to shell corn by hand, they designed a simple mechanical device to do the job more quickly. The new device certainly saved time, but after a few weeks the women returned to the old manual method. Why? Because they valued the time that hand-shelling gave them to chat and exchange news.
In another case, in Malawi, a local entrepreneur was encouraged to manufacture super-efficient wood-burning stoves to sell to local villagers. Burning wood on an open fire, which is traditional in the developing world, is responsible for 10–20 percent of all global emissions, so this seemed to be an excellent scheme. However, the entrepreneur was so successful that he bought himself a whole fleet of gas-guzzling cars. “We haven’t worked out the implications of that yet,” said a spokesman for the organization that promoted the scheme.
What does the figure “250,000” in the fourth paragraph refer to?
(A) The number of citizens who live in Stockholm, Sweden
(B) The heating costs that can be cut in the office buildings near the station
(C) The number of pipes to help pump energy to heat the train station
(D) The daily number of visitors at Stockholm’s central train station
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核心觀念
本題是閱讀理解中的「代名詞/數字指涉題」,重點在於找出數字 250,000 所修飾或說明的對象。解題時應直接回到數字所在的句子,觀察其後面的名詞與整體語意。
關鍵句為:
“A Swedish state-owned company has found a way to harness the energy produced by the 250,000 bodies rushing through Stockholm’s central train station each day.”
翻譯:
「一家瑞典國營公司找到一種方法,利用每天匆匆通過斯德哥爾摩中央火車站的 25 萬人的身體所產生的能量。」
句中 the 250,000 bodies 指的是「25 萬個人的身體」,而 each day 表示「每天」。因此,250,000 指的是每天通過該火車站的人數。
解題方法
- 先定位數字所在段落與句子。
- 觀察數字後面的核心名詞:
250,000 bodies。 - 依據後面的動作片語 rushing through Stockholm’s central train station,判斷這些人是每天通過車站的人。
- 對照選項,選出與「車站每日人流」最接近的敘述。
本題不需計算,也不必理解全文所有細節;只要掌握數字附近的語句即可作答。
文法與語意重點
- the number of + 複數名詞:……的數量
例如:the number of visitors「訪客人數」。 - bodies:字面為「身體」,本文以身體代指「人」。
- rushing through:匆忙通過、快速穿越。
- each day:每天。
- energy produced by...:由……產生的能量。
- harness energy:利用、收集能量。
- be absorbed by...:被……吸收。
- be used to + 原形動詞:被用來做……
- bring down costs:降低成本。
- up to 20 percent:最高達 20%。
第 44 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Even if the term “appropriate technology” is a relatively new one, the concept certainly isn’t. In the 1930s, Mahatma Gandhi claimed that the advanced technology used by Western industrialized nations did not represent the right route to progress for his homeland, India. His favorite machines were the sewing machine, a device invented “out of love,” he said, and the bicycle, which he rode all his life. He wanted the poor villagers of India to use technology that empowered them and helped them to become self-reliant.
This was also the philosophy promoted by E. F. Schumacher in his famous 1970s book Small Is Beautiful, which called for “intermediate technology” solutions. Do not start with technology and see what it can do for people, he argued. Instead, “find out what people are doing and then help them to do it better.” According to Schumacher, it did not matter whether the technological answers to people’s needs were simple or sophisticated. What was important was that solutions were long-term, practical, and, above all, firmly in the hands of the users.
More recently, the term “appropriate technology” has come to mean not just technology which is suited to the needs and capabilities of the user, but technology that takes particular account of environmental, ethical, and cultural considerations. This is clearly a much more difficult thing to achieve. Often appropriate technology is found in rural communities in developing or less industrialized countries. For example, solar-powered lamps that bring light to areas with no electricity and water purifiers that work simply by the action of sucking through a straw. But the principle of appropriate technology does not only apply to developing countries. It also has its place in the developed world.
For example, a Swedish state-owned company has found a way to harness the energy produced by the 250,000 bodies rushing through Stockholm’s central train station each day. The body heat is absorbed by the building’s ventilation system, then used to warm up water that is pumped through pipes over to the new office building nearby. It’s old technology, a system of pipes, water, and pumps, but used in a new way. It is expected to bring down central heating costs in the building by up to 20 percent.
However, wherever it is deployed, there is no guarantee that appropriate technology will in fact be appropriate. After some visiting engineers observed how labor-intensive and slow it was for the women of a Guatemalan village to shell corn by hand, they designed a simple mechanical device to do the job more quickly. The new device certainly saved time, but after a few weeks the women returned to the old manual method. Why? Because they valued the time that hand-shelling gave them to chat and exchange news.
In another case, in Malawi, a local entrepreneur was encouraged to manufacture super-efficient wood-burning stoves to sell to local villagers. Burning wood on an open fire, which is traditional in the developing world, is responsible for 10–20 percent of all global emissions, so this seemed to be an excellent scheme. However, the entrepreneur was so successful that he bought himself a whole fleet of gas-guzzling cars. “We haven’t worked out the implications of that yet,” said a spokesman for the organization that promoted the scheme.
Why did the women in a Guatemalan village return to shell corn by hand?
(A) It was important for them to socialize while they shell corn.
(B) It was unethical for the women to shell corn without the engineers’ help.
(C) It was more time-consuming to shell corn with the mechanical device.
(D) It was inappropriate for the engineers to design the device without permission.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題是閱讀理解題,考查:
- 根據文章明確資訊定位答案
- 理解因果關係與作者舉例目的
- 判斷選項是否符合原文語意
- 關鍵片語 value A to do B:重視做某事所帶來的價值
文章主旨在說明「適切科技」(appropriate technology)的理念:科技不只要有效率,也必須符合使用者的實際需求,並考量環境、倫理與文化因素。瓜地馬拉婦女恢復徒手剝玉米,正好說明「有效率的科技不一定真正適合使用者」。
解題方法
先鎖定題目中的關鍵字:
- women
- Guatemalan village
- shell corn by hand
- mechanical device
回文章尋找同組字詞,可定位到第五段:
“The new device certainly saved time, but after a few weeks the women returned to the old manual method. Why? Because they valued the time that hand-shelling gave them to chat and exchange news.”
翻譯:
「這項新裝置確實節省了時間,但幾週後,這些婦女又回到原本的手工方法。為什麼?因為她們珍惜手工剝玉米時能夠聊天、交換消息的時間。」
原文直接指出,婦女重視手工剝玉米過程中與他人聊天、交流消息的機會。因此正確答案是她們認為一邊剝玉米、一邊社交很重要。
文章定位與語意重點
關鍵句中的 Because 引導原因,直接回答題目所問的 Why?
- valued:重視、珍惜
- the time that hand-shelling gave them:手工剝玉米帶給她們的時間
- chat:聊天
- exchange news:交換消息、交流近況
此處的 that hand-shelling gave them 是關係子句,修飾前面的 the time:
- the time
- hand-shelling gave them
- 手工剝玉米帶給她們的時間
文章同時使用 certainly saved time, but 表示轉折:
- 新裝置確實更省時間
- 但婦女仍不願使用
- 原因是她們重視社交功能,而不只追求效率
這正是本文「適切科技」的核心:科技設計必須符合使用者的生活方式與文化需求。
關鍵單字與片語
- appropriate technology:適切科技、合宜科技
- concept:概念
- industrialized nations:工業化國家
- represent the right route to progress:代表正確的進步道路
- empower:賦予力量、使……更有能力
- self-reliant:自立的、自給自足的
- philosophy:理念、哲學
- intermediate technology:中間科技、適度科技
- sophisticated:精密的、複雜先進的
- firmly in the hands of the users:確實掌握在使用者手中
- take account of:考量、顧及
- environmental considerations:環境考量
- ethical considerations:倫理考量
- cultural considerations:文化考量
第 45 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Even if the term “appropriate technology” is a relatively new one, the concept certainly isn’t. In the 1930s, Mahatma Gandhi claimed that the advanced technology used by Western industrialized nations did not represent the right route to progress for his homeland, India. His favorite machines were the sewing machine, a device invented “out of love,” he said, and the bicycle, which he rode all his life. He wanted the poor villagers of India to use technology that empowered them and helped them to become self-reliant.
This was also the philosophy promoted by E. F. Schumacher in his famous 1970s book Small Is Beautiful, which called for “intermediate technology” solutions. Do not start with technology and see what it can do for people, he argued. Instead, “find out what people are doing and then help them to do it better.” According to Schumacher, it did not matter whether the technological answers to people’s needs were simple or sophisticated. What was important was that solutions were long-term, practical, and, above all, firmly in the hands of the users.
More recently, the term “appropriate technology” has come to mean not just technology which is suited to the needs and capabilities of the user, but technology that takes particular account of environmental, ethical, and cultural considerations. This is clearly a much more difficult thing to achieve. Often appropriate technology is found in rural communities in developing or less industrialized countries. For example, solar-powered lamps that bring light to areas with no electricity and water purifiers that work simply by the action of sucking through a straw. But the principle of appropriate technology does not only apply to developing countries. It also has its place in the developed world.
For example, a Swedish state-owned company has found a way to harness the energy produced by the 250,000 bodies rushing through Stockholm’s central train station each day. The body heat is absorbed by the building’s ventilation system, then used to warm up water that is pumped through pipes over to the new office building nearby. It’s old technology, a system of pipes, water, and pumps, but used in a new way. It is expected to bring down central heating costs in the building by up to 20 percent.
However, wherever it is deployed, there is no guarantee that appropriate technology will in fact be appropriate. After some visiting engineers observed how labor-intensive and slow it was for the women of a Guatemalan village to shell corn by hand, they designed a simple mechanical device to do the job more quickly. The new device certainly saved time, but after a few weeks the women returned to the old manual method. Why? Because they valued the time that hand-shelling gave them to chat and exchange news.
In another case, in Malawi, a local entrepreneur was encouraged to manufacture super-efficient wood-burning stoves to sell to local villagers. Burning wood on an open fire, which is traditional in the developing world, is responsible for 10–20 percent of all global emissions, so this seemed to be an excellent scheme. However, the entrepreneur was so successful that he bought himself a whole fleet of gas-guzzling cars. “We haven’t worked out the implications of that yet,” said a spokesman for the organization that promoted the scheme.
What does the expression “the implications of that” refer to in the sixth paragraph?
(A) Wood burning on an open fire accounts for 10–20 percent of global emissions.
(B) The entrepreneur tried to promote wood burning on an open fire.
(C) The organization tried to reduce emissions by burning wood on an open fire.
(D) The entrepreneur bought many cars while selling super-efficient wood-burning stoves.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的指代判斷與語意連貫。關鍵在於判斷片語 “the implications of that” 中的 that 所指為何。
- implication:影響、後果、牽連
- implications:對二氧化碳排放所造成的影響
- gas-guzzling cars:耗油量大的汽車
- entrepreneur:企業家、創業者
- super-efficient wood-burning stoves:高效率燃木爐
- promote a scheme:推動一項計畫
- be responsible for:造成、對……負責
- fleet:車隊;a whole fleet of cars 指一整批汽車
解題方法
先定位題目所問片語所在的句子:
However, the entrepreneur was so successful that he bought himself a whole fleet of gas-guzzling cars. “We haven’t worked out the implications of that yet,” said a spokesman for the organization that promoted the scheme.
翻譯:
然而,這名企業家成功到為自己買了一整批耗油量大的汽車。「我們還沒有計算出那件事對二氧化碳排放造成的影響。」推動這項計畫的組織發言人說。
that 通常指向前一句剛提到的事件。前一句的核心事件是:
he bought himself a whole fleet of gas-guzzling cars
也就是「他買了一整批耗油量大的汽車」。
語意上,這項計畫原本藉由高效率燃木爐來減少燃料燃燒與 排放;然而企業家賺錢後購買大量耗油汽車,汽車燃料所產生的排放可能抵銷部分環保效益。因此,組織尚未算出的就是「購買這些汽車所帶來的二氧化碳影響」。
文法與語意重點
- so + 形容詞 + that + 子句
was so successful that he bought...
表示「如此成功,以至於……」。
- that 的指代
句中的 that 是指示代名詞,指前文提到的整件事,並非指單一名詞 、wood 或 stoves。
- implications of that
此處不是詢問「那件事的意義」,而是指「那件事造成的後果與影響」。搭配 後,具體意思是「對二氧化碳排放量的影響」。
第 46 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The life of an entrepreneur is inherently hectic and stressful, largely due to escalating market competition and relentless work pressure. Consequently, many young entrepreneurs find themselves vulnerable to depression, anxiety, and various other health complications. According to research conducted by ICICI Lombard, approximately 65% of individuals aged between 22 and 25 exhibit early signs of depression.
Increasingly empowered by a heightened awareness of mental health, young professionals and entrepreneurs are recognizing the value of adventure sports as a means to address anxiety and stress. Extreme activities such as bungee jumping, scuba diving, skydiving, and rafting offer transformative experiences that demand not only physical resilience but also profound courage and mental fortitude. While physical fitness undoubtedly enriches life experiences, the cultivation of mental resilience through pushing one’s cognitive limits is equally vital. Some, considering the daunting courage required, opine that adventure sports are not for everyone. However, confronting the precipice compels individuals to draw upon inner strength, thereby unleashing their inner superhero.
Adventure sports epitomize the conquest of fears, instilling a belief in the realm of the impossible. Indeed, management companies are increasingly employing adventure sports as a tool to bolster employee confidence as part of their HR initiatives. While the “I CAN” attitude may be taught theoretically in classrooms, its practical embodiment is effectively achieved through participation in adventure sports.
Given the mental strength and focus demanded by such pursuits, they facilitate the attainment of a “flow state”—an elevated state of concentration wherein external distractions dissipate. Regular engagement in these activities enhances concentration, fostering traits such as critical thinking, keen vision, and decisive judgment. Numerous studies attest to the ability of extreme sports to sharpen concentration, equipping entrepreneurs to confront challenges boldly.
What are identified as major contributors to the stress experienced by entrepreneurs?
(A) Lack of market competition and HR initiatives
(B) Rising market competition, and work pressure
(C) Insufficient physical fitness and life experience
(D) Declining mental resilience and limits
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與「同義改寫」。題目詢問:企業家承受壓力的主要原因是什麼?答案必須回到文章中直接說明壓力來源的句子,而非根據後文推論。
題幹開頭指出:
The life of an entrepreneur is inherently hectic and stressful, largely due to escalating market competition and relentless work pressure.
意思是:「企業家的生活本質上忙碌且充滿壓力,主要是因為日益升高的市場競爭與持續不斷的工作壓力。」
其中,題目問的 major contributors 正是句中的 largely due to 後面的兩項原因:
- escalating market competition:日益升高的市場競爭
- relentless work pressure:持續不斷、毫不停歇的工作壓力
因此答案是 (B)。
解題方法
本題採用「題幹關鍵字回文定位法」:
-
先找題目中的核心問法:
major contributors to the stress experienced by entrepreneurs
意為「企業家所承受壓力的主要因素」。 -
回到文章尋找 stress 的原因。第一段第一句直接出現:
largely due to escalating market competition and relentless work pressure
- 將原文與選項比對:
- escalating market competition
rising market competition - relentless work pressure
work pressure
- 選項 (B) 完整保留原文的兩個主要原因,只有使用同義字 rising 取代 escalating,因此正確。
文法與語意重點
- be due to+原因
例句:
The stress is largely due to market competition.
意為「這種壓力主要是由市場競爭造成的」。
其中 due to 是介系詞片語,後面接名詞或動名詞,表示「由於、因為」。
- escalating
escalating 是動詞 escalate 的現在分詞,作形容詞使用,表示「逐漸升高的、日益加劇的」。
- escalating competition:日益激烈的競爭
- escalating costs:不斷上升的成本
- relentless
意為「不停歇的、持續不斷的、無情的」。
relentless work pressure 指「持續不斷的工作壓力」。
- major contributor
contributor 原意為「貢獻者」,在本題中指「造成某結果的重要因素」。
major contributors to stress 即「造成壓力的主要因素」。
- 同義改寫
閱讀測驗常將原文用字改寫成選項中的同義字:
- escalating = rising
- contributor = cause or factor
- work pressure = relentless work pressure 的核心名詞
判斷答案時,應掌握句意,不必要求選項與原文逐字相同。
關鍵單字與片語
- entrepreneur:企業家、創業家
- inherently:本質上地、固有地
- hectic:忙碌混亂的
- stressful:充滿壓力的
第 47 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The life of an entrepreneur is inherently hectic and stressful, largely due to escalating market competition and relentless work pressure. Consequently, many young entrepreneurs find themselves vulnerable to depression, anxiety, and various other health complications. According to research conducted by ICICI Lombard, approximately 65% of individuals aged between 22 and 25 exhibit early signs of depression.
Increasingly empowered by a heightened awareness of mental health, young professionals and entrepreneurs are recognizing the value of adventure sports as a means to address anxiety and stress. Extreme activities such as bungee jumping, scuba diving, skydiving, and rafting offer transformative experiences that demand not only physical resilience but also profound courage and mental fortitude. While physical fitness undoubtedly enriches life experiences, the cultivation of mental resilience through pushing one’s cognitive limits is equally vital. Some, considering the daunting courage required, opine that adventure sports are not for everyone. However, confronting the precipice compels individuals to draw upon inner strength, thereby unleashing their inner superhero.
Adventure sports epitomize the conquest of fears, instilling a belief in the realm of the impossible. Indeed, management companies are increasingly employing adventure sports as a tool to bolster employee confidence as part of their HR initiatives. While the “I CAN” attitude may be taught theoretically in classrooms, its practical embodiment is effectively achieved through participation in adventure sports.
Given the mental strength and focus demanded by such pursuits, they facilitate the attainment of a “flow state”—an elevated state of concentration wherein external distractions dissipate. Regular engagement in these activities enhances concentration, fostering traits such as critical thinking, keen vision, and decisive judgment. Numerous studies attest to the ability of extreme sports to sharpen concentration, equipping entrepreneurs to confront challenges boldly.
According to ICICI Lombard’s research, what percentage of individuals aged 22–25 display early signs of depression?
(A) Fewer than 30%
(B) Fewer than 40%
(C) Fewer than 60%
(D) Fewer than 70%
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「數字資訊定位」與比較級語意。
題目問:22–25 歲的人之中,有多少比例出現憂鬱症早期徵兆?必須回到文章中尋找明確的百分比,再與選項的範圍比較。
關鍵句中的 approximately 65% 表示「大約 65%」。由於 ,所以可判斷為 fewer than 70%。
解題方法
先定位文章中的研究數據:
According to research conducted by ICICI Lombard, approximately 65% of individuals aged between 22 and 25 exhibit early signs of depression.
翻譯:
根據 ICICI Lombard 所進行的研究,年齡介於 22 歲至 25 歲的人,大約有 65% 顯現出憂鬱症的早期徵兆。
題目詢問的對象、年齡範圍與文章完全一致:
- individuals aged between 22 and 25:年齡介於 22 歲至 25 歲的人
- early signs of depression:憂鬱症的早期徵兆
- approximately 65%:大約 65%
再將 與各選項比較:
因此答案為 Fewer than 70%。
選項分析
(A) Fewer than 30%
意為「少於 30%」。文章明確指出比例約為 ,並非低於 ,錯誤。
(B) Fewer than 40%
意為「少於 40%」。 高於 ,不符合文章數據,錯誤。
(C) Fewer than 60%
意為「少於 60%」。文章數據為約 ,高於 ,因此不能選,錯誤。
(D) Fewer than 70%
意為「少於 70%」。文章指出約 ,而 確實少於 ,正確。
關鍵單字與片語
第 48 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The life of an entrepreneur is inherently hectic and stressful, largely due to escalating market competition and relentless work pressure. Consequently, many young entrepreneurs find themselves vulnerable to depression, anxiety, and various other health complications. According to research conducted by ICICI Lombard, approximately 65% of individuals aged between 22 and 25 exhibit early signs of depression.
Increasingly empowered by a heightened awareness of mental health, young professionals and entrepreneurs are recognizing the value of adventure sports as a means to address anxiety and stress. Extreme activities such as bungee jumping, scuba diving, skydiving, and rafting offer transformative experiences that demand not only physical resilience but also profound courage and mental fortitude. While physical fitness undoubtedly enriches life experiences, the cultivation of mental resilience through pushing one’s cognitive limits is equally vital. Some, considering the daunting courage required, opine that adventure sports are not for everyone. However, confronting the precipice compels individuals to draw upon inner strength, thereby unleashing their inner superhero.
Adventure sports epitomize the conquest of fears, instilling a belief in the realm of the impossible. Indeed, management companies are increasingly employing adventure sports as a tool to bolster employee confidence as part of their HR initiatives. While the “I CAN” attitude may be taught theoretically in classrooms, its practical embodiment is effectively achieved through participation in adventure sports.
Given the mental strength and focus demanded by such pursuits, they facilitate the attainment of a “flow state”—an elevated state of concentration wherein external distractions dissipate. Regular engagement in these activities enhances concentration, fostering traits such as critical thinking, keen vision, and decisive judgment. Numerous studies attest to the ability of extreme sports to sharpen concentration, equipping entrepreneurs to confront challenges boldly.
What is highlighted as a benefit of engaging in adventure sports?
(A) Development of physical strength only
(B) Dwindling of mental fortitude
(C) Increased mental robustness
(D) Reduction of concentration level
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核心觀念
本題考閱讀理解,重點是掌握文章主旨與細節,判斷 adventure sports(冒險運動)對心理狀態及專注力的正面影響。
文章指出,冒險運動能培養:
- mental resilience:心理韌性、心理承受力
- courage:勇氣
- mental fortitude:精神毅力
- concentration:專注力
- critical thinking:批判性思考
- decisive judgment:果斷判斷力
題目問:「從事冒險運動的好處,文章強調哪一項?」答案須符合全文對心理能力增強的描述。
解題方法
先抓題幹關鍵字 benefit of engaging in adventure sports,再回文章尋找冒險運動帶來的正面結果。
定位句為:
“Extreme activities such as bungee jumping, scuba diving, skydiving, and rafting offer transformative experiences that demand not only physical resilience but also profound courage and mental fortitude.”
翻譯:
「蹦極、深潛、跳傘與泛舟等極限活動,能帶來轉化性的經驗,不僅需要身體韌性,也需要深厚的勇氣與精神毅力。」
另外,第四段明確指出:
“Regular engagement in these activities enhances concentration, fostering traits such as critical thinking, keen vision, and decisive judgment.”
翻譯:
「定期參與這些活動能提升專注力,並培養批判性思考、敏銳觀察力與果斷判斷力。」
文章也提到 adventure sports 能幫助人們克服恐懼、增強自信,並培養心理韌性。因此,最符合文章整體內容的是 Increased mental robustness,即「心理韌性增強」。
選項分析
(A) Development of physical strength only
錯誤。文章確實提到 physical resilience,但使用 not only... but also... 結構,表示「不僅……而且……」。冒險運動不只培養身體能力,也能增強勇氣、心理韌性與專注力。選項中的 only 過度限縮文章內容。
(B) Dwindling of mental fortitude
錯誤。dwindling 意為「逐漸減少、衰退」,mental fortitude 意為「精神毅力」。文章強調冒險運動能培養、提升心理韌性,並非使精神毅力衰退,與原文方向相反。
第 49 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The life of an entrepreneur is inherently hectic and stressful, largely due to escalating market competition and relentless work pressure. Consequently, many young entrepreneurs find themselves vulnerable to depression, anxiety, and various other health complications. According to research conducted by ICICI Lombard, approximately 65% of individuals aged between 22 and 25 exhibit early signs of depression.
Increasingly empowered by a heightened awareness of mental health, young professionals and entrepreneurs are recognizing the value of adventure sports as a means to address anxiety and stress. Extreme activities such as bungee jumping, scuba diving, skydiving, and rafting offer transformative experiences that demand not only physical resilience but also profound courage and mental fortitude. While physical fitness undoubtedly enriches life experiences, the cultivation of mental resilience through pushing one’s cognitive limits is equally vital. Some, considering the daunting courage required, opine that adventure sports are not for everyone. However, confronting the precipice compels individuals to draw upon inner strength, thereby unleashing their inner superhero.
Adventure sports epitomize the conquest of fears, instilling a belief in the realm of the impossible. Indeed, management companies are increasingly employing adventure sports as a tool to bolster employee confidence as part of their HR initiatives. While the “I CAN” attitude may be taught theoretically in classrooms, its practical embodiment is effectively achieved through participation in adventure sports.
Given the mental strength and focus demanded by such pursuits, they facilitate the attainment of a “flow state”—an elevated state of concentration wherein external distractions dissipate. Regular engagement in these activities enhances concentration, fostering traits such as critical thinking, keen vision, and decisive judgment. Numerous studies attest to the ability of extreme sports to sharpen concentration, equipping entrepreneurs to confront challenges boldly.
How are adventure sports utilized by management companies?
(A) As part of HR initiatives to enhance staffers’ self-assurance
(B) As a means to decrease employee morale
(C) To exacerbate stress levels among employees
(D) As a form of punishment for underperforming employees
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核心觀念
本題屬於閱讀理解題,考查:
- 根據文章內容定位細節。
- 判斷代名詞與同義轉換。
- 由上下文辨認正確語意。
題目問:
How are adventure sports utilized by management companies?
管理公司如何運用冒險運動?
文章第三段直接指出:
Indeed, management companies are increasingly employing adventure sports as a tool to bolster employee confidence as part of their HR initiatives.
翻譯為:
的確,管理公司越來越常把冒險運動作為人力資源措施的一部分,用來增強員工的信心。
因此,正確答案是「將冒險運動作為人力資源措施,以提升員工自信」。
關鍵單字與片語
- entrepreneur:企業家、創業家
- inherently:本質上地、天生地
- hectic:忙亂的、繁忙的
- stressful:造成壓力的
- escalating market competition:日益升高的市場競爭
- relentless work pressure:持續不斷的工作壓力
- vulnerable to:容易受到……影響
- depression:憂鬱
- anxiety:焦慮
- mental health:心理健康
- adventure sports:冒險運動、極限運動
- transformative experiences:能帶來轉變的經驗
- physical resilience:身體韌性、身體復原力
- mental fortitude:心理韌性、精神毅力
- daunting:令人畏懼的、艱鉅的
- confront:面對、正視
- precipice:懸崖邊;文中比喻極具挑戰的情境
- unleash:釋放
- epitomize:象徵、充分體現
- conquest of fears:克服恐懼
- bolster:增強、提升
- employee confidence:員工信心
- HR initiatives:人力資源措施
- theoretically:理論上地
- practical embodiment:實際體現
- flow state:心流狀態
- external distractions:外在干擾
- critical thinking:批判性思考
- decisive judgment:果斷判斷力
解題方法
本題屬於「文章明示細節題」,不需要推論全文主旨,只要找出題目關鍵字與文章中的對應句。
題目關鍵字為:
- adventure sports
- management companies
- utilized
文章中完全對應的句子是:
management companies are increasingly employing adventure sports as a tool to bolster employee confidence as part of their HR initiatives.
其中:
- employing adventure sports = 運用冒險運動
- as a tool to bolster employee confidence = 作為增強員工信心的工具
- as part of their HR initiatives = 作為人力資源措施的一部分
選項 A 將原文的內容以同義方式改寫:
- employee confidence = staffers’ self-assurance
- bolster = enhance
- HR initiatives = HR initiatives
語意完全一致,因此選 A。
選項分析
第 50 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The life of an entrepreneur is inherently hectic and stressful, largely due to escalating market competition and relentless work pressure. Consequently, many young entrepreneurs find themselves vulnerable to depression, anxiety, and various other health complications. According to research conducted by ICICI Lombard, approximately 65% of individuals aged between 22 and 25 exhibit early signs of depression.
Increasingly empowered by a heightened awareness of mental health, young professionals and entrepreneurs are recognizing the value of adventure sports as a means to address anxiety and stress. Extreme activities such as bungee jumping, scuba diving, skydiving, and rafting offer transformative experiences that demand not only physical resilience but also profound courage and mental fortitude. While physical fitness undoubtedly enriches life experiences, the cultivation of mental resilience through pushing one’s cognitive limits is equally vital. Some, considering the daunting courage required, opine that adventure sports are not for everyone. However, confronting the precipice compels individuals to draw upon inner strength, thereby unleashing their inner superhero.
Adventure sports epitomize the conquest of fears, instilling a belief in the realm of the impossible. Indeed, management companies are increasingly employing adventure sports as a tool to bolster employee confidence as part of their HR initiatives. While the “I CAN” attitude may be taught theoretically in classrooms, its practical embodiment is effectively achieved through participation in adventure sports.
Given the mental strength and focus demanded by such pursuits, they facilitate the attainment of a “flow state”—an elevated state of concentration wherein external distractions dissipate. Regular engagement in these activities enhances concentration, fostering traits such as critical thinking, keen vision, and decisive judgment. Numerous studies attest to the ability of extreme sports to sharpen concentration, equipping entrepreneurs to confront challenges boldly.
What term in the article describes the heightened state of mental focus achieved through engaging in adventure sports?
(A) Superhero myth
(B) Flow state
(C) Extreme focus
(D) Zen mindset
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「文章定位」與「同義語意辨識」。
題目詢問:文章中哪一個術語描述從事冒險運動時所達到的高度心理專注狀態。關鍵在於:
- 題目中的 heightened state of mental focus 意為「提高的心理專注狀態」。
- 文章第四段直接以 flow state 指稱這種高度集中、外界干擾消失的心理狀態。
因此,答案必須選文章中明確出現,且與題目描述意義相符的術語。
解題方法
先抓題幹關鍵字:
- term in the article:文章中的術語
- heightened state of mental focus:提高的心理專注狀態
- achieved through engaging in adventure sports:透過從事冒險運動而達成
接著回文章尋找與「高度專注」相關的句子。第四段指出:
Given the mental strength and focus demanded by such pursuits, they facilitate the attainment of a “flow state”—an elevated state of concentration wherein external distractions dissipate.
翻譯:
鑑於這類活動所要求的心理力量與專注力,它們有助於達到「心流狀態」;這是一種高度集中的狀態,在其中外界干擾會逐漸消失。
句中以破折號補充說明 flow state 的定義:
- an elevated state of concentration:高度集中的狀態
- wherein external distractions dissipate:外界干擾逐漸消失的其中一種狀態
這與題目所說的 heightened state of mental focus 完全吻合,因此選 Flow state。
英文語意與文法重點
1. flow state
flow state 為心理學與運動心理學常用術語,中文通常譯為「心流狀態」,指個人高度專注於某項活動,感受到外界干擾減少、行動與意識高度協調的心理狀態。
2. facilitate the attainment of
- facilitate:促進;使……更容易
- attainment:達成;獲得
- facilitate the attainment of...:促進……的達成
原文:
they facilitate the attainment of a “flow state”
意為:
它們有助於達到心流狀態。
3. wherein
wherein 是較正式的關係副詞,意思是「在其中;於其中」。
原文:
an elevated state of concentration wherein external distractions dissipate
可理解為:
一種外界干擾在其中逐漸消失的高度集中狀態。
4. dissipate
dissipate:逐漸消散;消失。
在本文中,external distractions dissipate 表示外界的干擾逐漸減少,使人的注意力更加集中。
選項分析
(A) Superhero myth
superhero myth 意為「超級英雄神話」。
文章確實出現: