慈濟大學 107 年 《英文》

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第 1 題2 分

The satellite that India put into orbit around the earth _____ a big success for the country’s young space program.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 動詞字義辨析。
  2. 動詞與受詞的語意搭配。
  3. 依上下文判斷「某件事對某人而言代表成功」的表達方式。

題幹主詞為:

The satellite that India put into orbit around the earth

其中 that India put into orbit around the earth 是關係子句,修飾先行詞 the satellite。主句結構為:

The satellite ... _____ a big success ...

空格後接名詞片語 a big success,需要填入能表示「構成、代表、算是」的動詞。


關鍵單字與片語

  • satellite:人造衛星;衛星
  • put ... into orbit:將……送入軌道
  • orbit:軌道;繞軌道運行
  • around the earth:繞著地球
  • constitute:構成;組成;構成……的要件;算是、代表
  • a big success:很大的成功
  • space program:太空計畫
  • young space program:發展初期的太空計畫;年輕的太空計畫

解題方法

先找主詞與受詞:

  • 主詞:The satellite
  • 動詞:空格
  • 受詞:a big success

句意是:

這顆印度送入地球軌道的衛星,對該國尚在發展初期的太空計畫而言,_____ 一項重大成功。

能與 a big success 搭配,並表達「構成一項重大成功」的動詞是 constituted。

constitute 可用來表示某事物「構成某種結果、情況或成就」。本句使用過去式 constituted,因為衛星送入軌道是過去發生的事件。


定位答案的原文與翻譯

題幹關鍵句為:

The satellite that India put into orbit around the earth constituted a big success for the country’s young space program.

翻譯:

印度送入地球軌道的這顆衛星,對該國尚在發展初期的太空計畫而言,構成了一項重大成功。

句中的 constituted a big success for ... 就是「對……而言構成一項重大成功」的意思,因此選 (D)。


選項分析

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第 2 題2 分

Pirates 3 is showing in theaters now; the next _____ in the series will appear in theaters next summer.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「語境搭配」。關鍵片語是:

the next _____ in the series
該系列的下一部作品

題幹提到 Pirates 3 正在戲院上映,並說該系列的下一部作品將於明年夏天上映,因此空格必須填入表示「系列作品中的一部」或「續作」的名詞。

題幹定位與翻譯

Pirates 3 is showing in theaters now; the next installment in the series will appear in theaters next summer.

翻譯:

《神鬼奇航 3》目前正在戲院上映;該系列的下一部作品將於明年夏天在戲院上映。

解題方法

先觀察空格前後的結構:

the next _____ in the series

其中:

  • the next 表示「下一個、下一部」
  • in the series 表示「在這個系列中」
  • 空格需要填入可指稱系列作品的名詞

installment 可指書籍、電影、電視劇等系列中的「一部作品」、「一集」或「一期」。因此:

the next installment in the series
該系列的下一部作品

語意完整,且與 Pirates 3 及「明年夏天上映」的電影語境完全吻合。

選項分析

(A) mentors

  • mentor 是「導師、良師」。
  • mentors 是複數,表示「導師們」。
  • the next mentors in the series 變成「該系列中的下一批導師」,與電影系列及上映語境不合。
  • 因此錯誤。

(B) installments

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第 3 題2 分

Traditional Chinese Medicine is a type of _____, natural health care system that dates back at least 2,000 years to the year 200 B.C.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 關鍵單字辨義。
  2. 形容詞修飾名詞的語意與位置。
  3. 依上下文判斷字義。

題幹結構為:

Traditional Chinese Medicine is a type of _____, natural health care system ...

空格位於名詞片語中,後面接 natural health care system,因此需要填入能描述這種醫療體系性質的形容詞。

holistic 表示「整體性的、全人性的」,與中醫強調身心整體、人體與自然相互關聯的概念相符。


解題方法

先觀察空格所在位置:

a type of _____, natural health care system

system 是核心名詞,natural 是修飾 health care system 的形容詞;空格也應填入形容詞,與 natural 一起修飾後面的醫療體系。

完整句子為:

Traditional Chinese Medicine is a type of holistic, natural health care system that dates back at least 2,000 years to the year 200 B.C.

翻譯:

傳統中醫是一種整體性、自然的醫療保健體系,其歷史至少可以追溯至西元前 200 年。

其中 holistic 的語意與 Traditional Chinese Medicine 的上下文完全吻合,因此選 (B)。


選項分析

(A) hoarse

hoarse 是形容詞,意思是「聲音沙啞的」。

例如:

His voice became hoarse after shouting.

他大喊之後聲音變得沙啞。

hoarse 用來描述人的聲音,不能合理描述醫療保健體系。
a hoarse, natural health care system 意思不通,因此錯誤。


(B) holistic

holistic 是形容詞,意思是「整體性的、全人的、注重身心整合的」。

例如:

Holistic medicine considers the whole person.

整體醫學會考量完整的個人,而不只處理單一症狀。

中醫常從整體觀點看待人體,重視身體、心理、生活方式與環境之間的關聯,因此:

a type of holistic, natural health care system

可翻譯為:

一種整體性、自然的醫療保健體系

語意、詞性與文法皆正確,故選 (B)。


(C) holocaust

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第 4 題2 分

Poor readers focus on facts, whereas good readers try to _____ details into a larger cognitive patterns.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 字義辨析:根據上下文選出符合語意的動詞。
  2. 固定搭配:assimilate A into B 表示「將 A 吸收、融入 B」。
  3. 句意判斷:好讀者不只記憶零散事實,而是將細節整合到較大的認知模式中。

題幹關鍵句為:

Poor readers focus on facts, whereas good readers try to _____ details into a larger cognitive patterns.

翻譯為:

閱讀能力較差的人專注於事實,而閱讀能力較好的人則試圖將細節融入較大的認知模式中。

前半句的 focus on facts 與後半句形成對比。Poor readers 只注意個別事實;good readers 則會把細節整合成更完整的理解,因此空格應填入表示「吸收、整合」的 assimilate。


解題方法

先觀察空格後方的結構:

assimilate details into a larger cognitive pattern

assimilate 常用句型為:

assimilate A into B
將 A 吸收、同化、融入 B

本句中:

  • details 是被吸收、整合的內容;
  • a larger cognitive pattern 是整合後所歸入的較大認知架構。

因此完整語意是:

好讀者會試圖將細節整合到較大的認知模式中。

此外,try to + 原形動詞,因此空格必須填入動詞原形。四個選項雖然都是動詞,但只有 assimilate 同時符合文法結構與上下文語意。


選項分析

(A) assault

assault 意為「攻擊、襲擊」,通常指以暴力攻擊人,也可引申為「猛烈抨擊」。

例如:

  • The soldier was assaulted in the street.
    那名士兵在街上遭到攻擊。
  • The article assaulted the government’s policy.
    那篇文章猛烈抨擊政府政策。

若填入本句:

good readers try to assault details into a larger cognitive pattern

會變成「好讀者試圖把細節攻擊到較大的認知模式中」,語意不通。assault 也不使用 assault A into B 表示「把 A 整合進 B」。

因此錯誤。


(B) aspire

aspire 意為「渴望、立志」,通常搭配:

aspire to + 名詞/動名詞

例如:

  • She aspires to become a doctor.
    她立志成為醫師。
  • He aspires to success.
    他渴望成功。

aspire 表示「有遠大志向」,不是「吸收或整合」。填入後:

good readers try to aspire details into a larger cognitive pattern

不但語意不合,也不符合 aspire 的常見句型。

因此錯誤。


(C) assimilate

assimilate 意為「吸收、同化、融入、理解並納入既有架構」。

常見搭配包括:

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第 5 題2 分

North Koreans flee the country for a number of reasons, including poor employment _____, gross rights abuses, and harsh restrictions on personal freedom—all conditions which have arguably worsened under the young dictator Kim Jong-un.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 字義辨析
  2. 固定搭配
  3. 語境判斷
  4. 名詞與句意的適切性

空格位於 poor employment _____ 中,需填入能表示「就業前景、工作機會」的名詞。最自然且固定的搭配是:

poor employment prospects
不佳的就業前景/欠佳的工作機會

題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句為:

North Koreans flee the country for a number of reasons, including poor employment prospects, gross rights abuses, and harsh restrictions on personal freedom—all conditions which have arguably worsened under the young dictator Kim Jong-un.

翻譯:

北韓人因許多原因逃離這個國家,包括不佳的就業前景、嚴重的人權侵害,以及對個人自由的嚴格限制;在年輕的獨裁者金正恩統治下,所有這些情況都可說是惡化了。

句中列舉北韓人逃離國家的原因:

  • poor employment prospects:不佳的就業前景
  • gross rights abuses:嚴重的人權侵害
  • harsh restrictions on personal freedom:對個人自由的嚴格限制

三者都是負面社會條件,語意相互平行。

解題方法

先觀察空格前的 employment。此處需要一個名詞,組成「就業的某種情況」:

poor employment + 名詞

再根據後方語境,題幹正在列舉促使北韓人逃離的困難,其中第一項應是「工作難找、就業機會不佳」。因此應選擇表示「前景、展望」的 prospects。

常見搭配如下:

  • employment prospects:就業前景
  • career prospects:職涯前景
  • future prospects:未來前景
  • job prospects:工作前景

因此:

poor employment prospects
= 不佳的就業前景、欠佳的工作機會

選項分析

(A) prospects

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第 6 題2 分

An outbreak of measles in Japan has resulted in more than 3,500 people in the southern Taiwanese harbor of Kaohsiung being _____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「公共衛生情境中的語意判斷」、動詞搭配,以及被動語態。

句型為:

An outbreak of measles in Japan has resulted in more than 3,500 people in the southern Taiwanese harbor of Kaohsiung being _____.

其中:

  • has resulted in 表示「已導致……」。
  • result in + 名詞/動名詞 表示「造成、導致……」。
  • people being + 過去分詞 是動名詞片語中的被動結構,表示「人們被……」。

麻疹是具傳染性的疾病,因此疫情可能導致接觸者被隔離,以防止疾病擴散。最符合此公共衛生情境的動詞是 quarantine。

解題方法

先定位關鍵語意:

An outbreak of measles in Japan has resulted in more than 3,500 people in the southern Taiwanese harbor of Kaohsiung being quarantined.
日本爆發麻疹,導致臺灣南部港都高雄超過三千五百人遭到隔離。

題幹主詞是麻疹疫情,結果是超過三千五百人「被採取某種防疫措施」。在傳染病疫情中,最直接的措施就是將疑似感染者或曾接觸感染源者隔離,因此填入 quarantined。

being quarantined 為被動語態,完整概念是:

more than 3,500 people are quarantined
超過三千五百人被隔離

放在 resulted in 後面,改成動名詞被動形式:

resulted in more than 3,500 people being quarantined

選項分析

(A) evacuated:被疏散、被撤離

evacuate 通常指因火災、戰爭、天然災害或其他危險,而將人員撤離某一地點。例如:

Residents were evacuated from the building.
居民被疏散離開該建築物。

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第 7 題2 分

Is this a _____ transaction by a young guy who knows his country has to change to be democratic, but who intends to maintain strict and authoritarian control at home?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字形相近字辨義」以及形容詞與名詞的語意搭配。

句中空格後接名詞 transaction,需要填入能描述一項交易、協議或政治安排「精明、老練」的形容詞。savvy 表示「精明的、深諳世故的、具實際判斷力的」,最符合語境。

關鍵單字與片語

  • transaction:交易;協議;政治上的安排
  • young guy:年輕男子
  • know:知道、明白
  • has to change:必須改變
  • democratic:民主的
  • intend to V:打算做……
  • maintain:維持
  • strict and authoritarian control:嚴格且威權式的控制
  • at home:在國內;在其本國內部
  • savvy:精明的、老練的、深諳實務的

解題方法

先觀察空格後的名詞 transaction,再依上下文判斷其性質。題幹描述一名年輕男子:

  1. 知道自己的國家必須轉型為民主國家;
  2. 同時打算在國內維持嚴格且威權的控制。

這表示他的作法帶有政治判斷與權力運作上的「精明、老練」特質,因此可形成 a savvy transaction,意為「一項精明的政治交易/安排」。

題幹定位句如下:

Is this a savvy transaction by a young guy who knows his country has to change to be democratic, but who intends to maintain strict and authoritarian control at home?

翻譯為:

這是否是某位年輕男子所做的一項精明安排?他知道自己的國家必須轉型為民主國家,卻打算在國內維持嚴格且威權式的控制。

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第 8 題2 分

Some herbs, such as comfrey and ephedra, can cause serious harm. Some herbs can _____ prescription or over-the-counter medicines.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「片語動詞的語意與搭配」。句意是:某些草藥會與處方藥或非處方藥產生交互作用,因而造成藥效改變或健康危害。

關鍵句為:

Some herbs can _____ prescription or over-the-counter medicines.
某些草藥會與處方藥或非處方藥產生____。

其中,主詞 some herbs 是「某些草藥」,受詞 prescription or over-the-counter medicines 是「處方藥或非處方藥」。空格需要填入能表示「與……互相作用」的片語。


解題方法

先判斷句子的語意。前文指出:

Some herbs, such as comfrey and ephedra, can cause serious harm.
某些草藥,例如紫草和麻黃,可能造成嚴重傷害。

後文接著說明草藥造成傷害的原因之一:草藥會與藥物發生交互作用。因此空格應填入 interact with。

完整句為:

Some herbs can interact with prescription or over-the-counter medicines.
某些草藥會與處方藥或非處方藥產生交互作用。

此處 interact with + 人或事物,表示「與……互動、交互作用」。在醫藥語境中,通常指兩種藥物或物質互相影響,使藥效增強、減弱或產生不良反應。


選項分析

(A) bail out

bail out 有「援救、解救;幫助某人脫離困境」之意,常見用法為:

  • bail someone out:把某人救出困境
  • bail out a company:援助一家公司

例句:

His parents bailed him out of financial trouble.
他的父母幫助他擺脫財務困境。

本句主詞是 some herbs,受詞是 medicines,語意變成「某些草藥援救藥物」,不符合前文所述的藥物交互作用,因此錯誤。


(B) interact with

interact with 表示「與……互動、與……產生交互作用」。在醫學與藥理學中,常用來描述藥物、食物或草藥彼此影響。

完整句:

Some herbs can interact with prescription or over-the-counter medicines.

語意與前文的 cause serious harm 完全銜接,表示某些草藥可能與藥物發生交互作用,造成嚴重危害,因此正確。


(C) map out

map out 表示「規劃、安排、詳細制定」,通常以計畫、路線、策略等抽象事物為受詞。

例句:

The researchers mapped out a detailed plan.
研究人員制定了一項詳細計畫。

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第 9 題2 分

The festival _____ with the opening ceremony—an evening filled with a variety of marvelous performances.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「動詞片語的語意與搭配」,重點是判斷哪個片語能表達「活動以某項典禮開始」。

關鍵片語為:

  • kick off:開始、揭開序幕;常用於比賽、活動、節慶、會議等。
  • kick off with + 名詞:以……開始。

題幹中的主詞 The festival 為單數,因此動詞使用第三人稱單數形式 kicks。

解題方法

先觀察句意:

The festival _____ with the opening ceremony—an evening filled with a variety of marvelous performances.
這個節慶以開幕典禮揭開序幕——那是一個充滿各式精彩表演的夜晚。

「節慶以開幕典禮開始」在語意及搭配上最自然,應選 kicks off:

The festival kicks off with the opening ceremony.
這個節慶以開幕典禮揭開序幕。

破折號後的 an evening filled with a variety of marvelous performances 是對 opening ceremony 的補充說明,進一步呈現這場開幕典禮的內容,與「揭開節慶序幕」的語意一致。

選項分析

(A) gets along

get along 意為「相處融洽」,常用於:

  • get along with someone:與某人相處融洽

例如:

She gets along well with her classmates.
她和同學相處得很好。

將本選項代入後:

The festival gets along with the opening ceremony.

句意變成「這個節慶與開幕典禮相處融洽」,節慶與典禮並非需要彼此相處的人,因此語意不成立。

(B) kicks off

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第 10 題2 分

People _____ shy about sex, but now even women are free to discuss it.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考 usedto+原形動詞used to + 原形動詞 與 beusedto+V−ingbe used to + V-ing 的區別:

  1. used to + 原形動詞:表示「過去一向……、以前常常……」,現在通常已不再如此。
  • People used to be shy.
  • 人們以前常對性議題感到害羞。
  1. be used to + 名詞/V-ing:表示「習慣於……、適應於……」。
  • People are used to being shy.
  • 人們習慣於感到害羞。

本題後半句出現 but now,表示「以前」與「現在」的對比,因此前半句需要表達過去的狀態,而非「習慣於」。

解題方法

先觀察句意與時間對比:

People _____ shy about sex, but now even women are free to discuss it.
人們以前對性議題感到害羞,但現在連女性也能自由討論性議題。

句中的 but now 明確表示情況已經改變。前半句應填入表示「以前是如此、現在不再如此」的句型:

used to+原形動詞\text{used to} + \text{原形動詞}

空格後面的動詞是 be,本身就是原形,因此組成:

People used to be shy about sex.

關鍵單字與片語

  • people:人們
  • used to:過去常常、以前一向
  • be shy about:對……感到害羞/羞於談論……
  • sex:性、性議題
  • but now:但是現在
  • even women:甚至女性、連女性也
  • be free to discuss:可以自由討論
  • discuss:討論

選項分析

(A) used to be:正確

used to be 表示「以前是……」,符合本句的今昔對比。

People used to be shy about sex, but now even women are free to discuss it.

翻譯:

人們以前對性議題感到害羞,但現在連女性也能自由討論這個議題。

此處 used to 後面接原形動詞 be,文法正確;語意也與 but now 完全吻合。

(B) are used to being:錯誤

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第 11 題2 分

The old garage suddenly collapsed one day. Luckily the owner wasn't in there or he _____ killed.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查情態助動詞 couldcould 搭配完成式的用法:

could have + 過去分詞\text{could have + 過去分詞}

表示「過去本來有機會、差一點就會……」,常用於描述過去的潛在結果或未發生的危險。

句中的關鍵連接詞是 or,此處意為「否則」。整句結構為:

  • The old garage suddenly collapsed one day.
    老車庫有一天突然倒塌。
  • Luckily the owner wasn't in there
    幸好屋主當時不在裡面,
  • or he could have been killed.
    否則他就可能會喪命。

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句:

Luckily the owner wasn't in there or he _____ killed.

翻譯為:

幸好屋主當時不在裡面,否則他就可能被殺死/喪命。

車庫已經倒塌,談的是過去事件中「原本有機會發生、但實際上沒有發生」的結果,因此使用 could have been killed。

其中:

  • could have:過去本來有機會……
  • been killed:被動語態「被殺死」
  • could have been killed:過去本來可能被殺死、差點喪命

解題方法

先判斷時間與語意:

  1. collapsed 是過去式,表示車庫倒塌發生在過去。
  2. wasn't 也是過去式,表示屋主當時不在車庫裡。
  3. oror 表示「否則」,引出一個未實現的過去結果。
  4. 因此空格需要表達「過去原本有機會發生,但事實上沒有發生」。
  5. 符合的形式是:
could have been + 過去分詞\text{could have been + 過去分詞}

選項分析

(A) can have been

cancan 通常表示現在或未來的能力、許可或一般性可能性,例如:

  • He can be killed.
    他可能會被殺死。
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第 12 題2 分

Whenever Joe went camping in the mountains, he _____ any water that he got from streams before drinking it.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「過去習慣性動作」的表達方式:

  • would + 原形動詞:表示過去反覆、習慣性做某事。
  • whenever + 過去式:表示「每當過去……時」,常搭配 would + 原形動詞,描述某人過去一再發生的行為。

句中 Whenever Joe went camping 使用過去式 went,表示這是 Joe 過去露營時反覆出現的習慣,因此空格應填 would purify。

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句:

Whenever Joe went camping in the mountains, he _____ any water that he got from streams before drinking it.

翻譯:

每當 Joe 過去到山裡露營時,他都會先將從溪流取得的水淨化,再飲用。

其中 Whenever Joe went camping 表示過去反覆發生的情況;主句的 would purify 表示「總會淨化」。

解題方法

先觀察時間與事件性質:

  1. went 是過去式,表示情境發生在過去。
  2. Whenever 表示「每當」,暗示這件事不是只發生一次,而是反覆發生。
  3. 過去反覆習慣的動作可用:
would+原形動詞would + 原形動詞

因此:

he would purify any water ...

語意為「他總會淨化任何取得的水」。

完整句子:

Whenever Joe went camping in the mountains, he would purify any water that he got from streams before drinking it.

選項分析

(A) purifies

purifies 是現在式第三人稱單數,表示「他淨化」。

若使用此選項,前面的時間子句通常也應改為現在式:

Whenever Joe goes camping, he purifies the water.

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第 13 題2 分

In the Four Corners region of the Southwest, most rock art sites are found within the drainages of the Colorado and Rio Grande rivers, and their tributaries.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考英文單字的語意辨識與上下文搭配。判斷關鍵在於:

most rock art sites are found within the drainages of the Colorado and Rio Grande rivers, and their tributaries.

句中列出 Colorado River、Rio Grande River 及其「支流」,描述的是河川水系與流域地理,因此空格必須填入表示「溪流、支流」的複數名詞。


題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句:

In the Four Corners region of the Southwest, most rock art sites are found within the drainages of the Colorado and Rio Grande rivers, and their tributaries.

翻譯:

在美國西南部的四角地區,大多數岩畫遺址位於科羅拉多河、里奧格蘭德河及其支流的流域內。

其中:

  • the Four Corners region:四角地區
  • the Southwest:美國西南部
  • rock art sites:岩畫遺址
  • be found within:位於……之內
  • drainage:排水區;流域
  • river:河流
  • tributary:支流

空格位於河流與其支流的地理脈絡中,應選擇與水流、河道相關的名詞。


解題方法

先觀察句型:

the Colorado and Rio Grande rivers, and their ______

逗號前後列出的是同一類地理名詞。前面是兩條主要河流,後面接 their tributaries,表示「它們的支流」。因此空格所需的字義必須接近「支流、溪流」。

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第 14 題2 分

The patient looks melancholy and despairing; and sometimes he gnashes his teeth, as if impatient of the weight of woes that oppresses him.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「近義動詞辨析」與固定搭配。句中描述病人因憂愁、絕望而「咬牙切齒」,英文慣用語是:

  • gnash one’s teeth:咬牙切齒、磨牙,常表示痛苦、憤怒或焦躁。
  • grind one’s teeth:磨牙、咬緊牙齒,也可表示因情緒壓力而摩擦牙齒。

題目官方答案為 (B) grinds。放入句中後,意思是「有時他磨牙」,與前面的 melancholy and despairing,以及後面的 impatient of the weight of woes 相互呼應。


題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句為:

sometimes he gnashes his teeth

原句中的 gnashes 與選項 grinds 都可表達「磨牙、咬牙切齒」的動作。完整句意為:

這位病人看起來憂鬱而絕望;有時他磨牙,彷彿無法忍受壓在他身上的重重苦難。

其中:

  • melancholy:憂鬱的、悲鬱的
  • despairing:絕望的
  • gnash one’s teeth:咬牙切齒、磨牙
  • impatient of:不能忍受、不耐煩於
  • woe:苦難、悲痛、不幸
  • oppress:壓迫、使痛苦不堪

解題方法

先由語意判斷:病人處於憂鬱、絕望的狀態,因此空格應填入能表示「磨牙、咬牙」的動詞。

再檢查文法:

he + 動詞第三人稱單數

因此選項必須使用現在式第三人稱單數。grinds 是 grind 的第三人稱單數形式,符合句型:

he grinds his teeth

此外,grind one’s teeth 是常見搭配,表示上下牙齒摩擦,也可延伸表示因焦慮、憤怒或痛苦而咬牙。


選項分析

(A) gnaws

gnaw 指「啃、咬」,通常是以牙齒反覆啃咬某物,例如:

  • The dog gnaws a bone.
    那隻狗啃骨頭。

gnaws his teeth 不是自然的英文搭配。牙齒是用來啃咬其他物品的工具,不會通常說成「啃自己的牙齒」,因此不合本句語意與慣用法。

(B) grinds

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第 15 題2 分

Dr. Frankenstein has described himself as always having been imbued with a fervent longing to penetrate the secrets of nature. In spite of the intense labor and wonderful discoveries of modern philosophers, he always came from his studies discontented and unsatisfied.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為後中醫英文試題典型的「字彙同義詞替換題」(Synonym Replacement)。此題型考查考生對高階進階字彙的掌握度,尤其是對於具有「灌輸、充滿、注入某種情感/思想/精神」語意的及物動詞搭配用法(collocation)。

  • 題目定位字:imbued(原形為 imbue),常見搭配為 be imbued with something,表示「充滿了……」、「被灌輸了……(思想、情感)」。
  • 題幹引文與翻譯:

Dr. Frankenstein has described himself as always having been imbued with a fervent longing to penetrate the secrets of nature.
(法蘭肯斯坦博士曾描述自己一直充滿著想要洞悉大自然奧祕的強烈渴望。)


解題方法

  1. 分析劃線字之字義與文法結構:
  • imbue 源自拉丁文 imbuere(浸濕、浸染、灌輸),常以被動語態搭配介系詞 with:be imbued with sth,常用於抽象事物,指心中深刻充滿或受某種情感、特質、理念所薰陶或浸染。
  1. 尋找最貼近之同義詞:
  • 選項中的動詞亦多可與介系詞 with 連用,但必須具備「注入、灌輸、使充滿(某種特質/信念)」的核心語意。
  • 動詞 infuse 同樣源自拉丁文(in- 進入 + fundere 注入),其常見用法為 infuse A with B 或被動語態 be infused with B,意為「使 A 充滿 B」或「將 B 注入 A」,在語意與搭配詞結構上與 be imbued with 完全對應。

選項分析

  • (A) concerned:錯誤。
  • 字義:關心的、擔憂的、涉及的。
  • 文法與語意分析:搭配介系詞常用 be concerned about / with(關心/涉及……)。
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第 16 題2 分

People tend to feel unhappy because someone has something that they desire; however, jealousy can be detrimental to relationships and cause problems at work.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「同義字替換」與「高階醫學/學術字彙辨析能力」。慈濟大學學士後中醫學系英文考科常在字彙題中劃底線(本題原卷底線標註於 detrimental)要求選出最相近的字義,或考查形容詞搭配詞與語意脈絡。本題聚焦於表示「有害的、具破壞性的」同義形容詞替換。

  • 題幹定位與翻譯:

"People tend to feel unhappy because someone has something that they desire; however, jealousy can be detrimental to relationships and cause problems at work."
(人們往往會因為別人擁有了自己渴望的東西而感到不快樂;然而,嫉妒會對人際關係有害,並在職場上引發問題。)


解題方法

  1. 語境線索與邏輯分析:
    句首提到人們因羨慕他人而感到不悅,接著由轉折連接詞 however 帶出後果,後半句以對等連接詞 and 連接兩項負面影響:be detrimental to relationships 與 cause problems at work。由此可知,空格所要替換的單字 detrimental 必定具有「帶來負面傷害、有害、具破壞性」的核心語意。
  2. 同義字配對:
  • detrimental [adj.]:有害的、不利的(causing harm or damage)。常見搭配為 be detrimental to + N.。
  • 選項 (C) pernicious [adj.]:有害的、惡性的、具毀滅性的(having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way),兩者語意完全相符,可作為直接同義替換。

選項分析

  • (A) suspicious [adj.]:懷疑的、可疑的
  • 意為 feeling distrust or having doubts。常用搭配為 be suspicious of。
  • 本字描述的是心態或特質(如:感到起疑的),而非客觀上「造成危害與損害」,且與介系詞 to 搭配不符此處語境,故不選。
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第 17 題2 分

Children suffering from severe malnutrition are susceptible to illness. It is reported that many African children have become blind because their diet is deficient in vitamin A.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「形容詞搭配介系詞」及近義字辨析:

  • be prone to + 名詞/V-ing:容易遭受……;有……傾向
  • be susceptible to + 名詞/V-ing:容易受……影響;易感染……
  • be immune to + 名詞:對……免疫;不受……影響

題幹描述營養不良的兒童容易生病,因此需要表示「容易受到疾病侵襲」的形容詞。

解題方法

定位關鍵句:

Children suffering from severe malnutrition are susceptible to illness.
患有嚴重營養不良的兒童容易生病。

其中 susceptible to illness 表示「容易生病」,與 prone to illness 意義相近。依官方公布答案,空格應填入與 susceptible 意義相符的 prone。

句型為:

be prone to + 名詞

因此:

Children suffering from severe malnutrition are prone to illness.

意思是「患有嚴重營養不良的兒童容易生病」。

題幹第二句也提供語意線索:

It is reported that many African children have become blind because their diet is deficient in vitamin A.
據報導,許多非洲兒童因飲食缺乏維生素 A 而失明。

營養不良及維生素 A 缺乏會增加疾病與失明的風險,符合「容易受到某種不良結果影響」的 prone to。

選項分析

(A) entitled

  • entitled to:有權享有……;有資格獲得……
  • 例如:All citizens are entitled to free medical care.
    「所有公民都有權享有免費醫療。」
  • entitled 通常用於權利、資格或待遇,與「容易生病」的語意無關,因此錯誤。

(B) subordinate

  • subordinate to:隸屬於……;次於……
  • 例如:The manager is subordinate to the director.
    「經理隸屬於主任。」
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第 18 題2 分

Tomatoes, potatoes, and hot peppers, all originally from South or Central America, are among several plants that have disproportionately influenced cooking around the world. This happened only after a few intrepid eaters got beyond common fears about potatoes, tomatoes, and other products.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 字義辨析:判斷形容詞在語境中的正確意思。
  2. 上下文線索:利用題幹中的 intrepid 與 got beyond common fears 推導答案。
  3. 語意搭配:確認形容詞是否能合理修飾 eaters。

關鍵句為:

This happened only after a few intrepid eaters got beyond common fears about potatoes, tomatoes, and other products.

其中:

  • intrepid:勇敢的、無畏的
  • eater:食用者、敢於嘗試食物的人
  • get beyond fears:克服恐懼、超越心理障礙

全句意為:

這件事是在少數勇敢的食用者克服了對馬鈴薯、番茄及其他產品的普遍恐懼之後,才發生的。

因此,intrepid 明確提供「勇敢、無畏」的語意線索,答案應選與其意義最接近的形容詞。

解題方法

先觀察空格所在的語意背景:早期人們對馬鈴薯、番茄等食物有所恐懼,必須由少數人先克服恐懼、勇於嘗試,這些植物才逐漸影響世界各地的烹飪。

因此,空格中的形容詞必須同時符合:

  • 表示「勇敢」或「無畏」;
  • 能合理修飾嘗試新食物的人;
  • 與 got beyond common fears 的語意一致。

四個選項中,只有 brave 符合上述條件。

選項分析

(A) brave

brave 意為「勇敢的、勇於面對危險或恐懼的」。

brave eaters 指「勇於嘗試這些當時被人害怕或懷疑的食物的人」,與 intrepid eaters 意義相近,也與 got beyond common fears 完全吻合。

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第 19 題2 分

A major new survey by the Economic Business Strategy has revealed that businesses intend to prioritize international markets over domestic ones in the next three years.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文句子的同義改寫,重點在於:

  1. 比較優先順序:
    prioritize A over B 表示「將 A 置於 B 之前、優先考慮 A」。

  2. 時間範圍:
    in the next three years 表示「在未來三年內」。

  3. 同義轉換:
    A over B 可改寫為 A will take precedence over B,意思都是「A 優先於 B」。

  4. 代名詞替代:
    ones 可代替前面提到的複數名詞,在本題中指 markets 或 business opportunities。


題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句為:

businesses intend to prioritize international markets over domestic ones in the next three years.

翻譯為:

企業打算在未來三年內,將國際市場置於國內市場之前,列為優先發展對象。

句子的核心結構是:

prioritize international markets over domestic ones

也就是:

國際市場優先於國內市場。

因此,正確選項必須同時保留三項資訊:

  • 主體是企業或商業活動;
  • 國際市場優先於國內市場;
  • 時間是未來三年。

解題方法

先抓比較關係:

international markets over domestic ones

表示「國際市場勝過國內市場」,不是「國內市場勝過國際市場」。

再抓時間:

in the next three years

表示「未來三年」,不能改成過去三年。

最後判斷選項是否保留「優先順序」的語意。能以 take precedence over 表達相同關係的選項,最符合題幹。


選項分析

(A) It has been revealed by a business survey that home markets will take priority over international sales during the next few years.

翻譯:

一項商業調查顯示,未來幾年內,國內市場將優先於國際銷售。

錯誤有兩處:

  1. 題幹是 international markets over domestic ones,表示「國際市場優先於國內市場」;本選項卻寫成 home markets will take priority over international sales,將優先順序顛倒。
  2. international markets 被改成 international sales,由「國際市場」變成「國際銷售」,語意範圍也不完全相同。

因此錯誤。


(B) It is the intention of businesses to push ahead on both the domestic and international fronts during the next three years, according to a major new survey.

翻譯:

根據一項重大最新調查,企業打算在未來三年內同時推進國內與國際業務。

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第 20 題2 分

Although very little is known of Taiwan's early history, carbon dating of domestic implements found in the south of the island suggests that people have lived there for at least ten thousand years.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「英文句意改寫」與「閱讀理解」。判斷重點是抓住原句的三項核心資訊:

  1. 台灣早期歷史的資料很少。
  2. 南部出土的生活器具經碳定年。
  3. 人類至少已在台灣居住一萬年。

其中:

  • very little is known of:對……所知甚少
  • early history:早期歷史
  • carbon dating:碳定年法
  • domestic implements:生活器具、家用器具
  • found in the south of the island:在該島南部發現的
  • suggest that:顯示、暗示
  • live there for at least ten thousand years:在那裡居住至少一萬年
  • be populated:有人居住、有人口分布

解題方法

先定位原句的主要訊息:

“carbon dating of domestic implements found in the south of the island suggests that people have lived there for at least ten thousand years.”

翻譯為:

「在該島南部發現的生活器具,其碳定年結果顯示,人類至少已在那裡居住一萬年。」

因此,正確改寫必須同時保留兩個重點:

  • 有證據顯示台灣已有至少一萬年的居住歷史。
  • 這項證據是由考古物品的碳定年所提供。

選項 A 將原句濃縮為「有證據顯示台灣已有一萬年以上的人口居住歷史」,完整保留主要語意,因此正確。

選項分析

(A) There is evidence to suggest that Taiwan has been populated for over ten thousand years.

翻譯:

有證據顯示,台灣已有一萬年以上的人口居住歷史。

此選項正確。

  • There is evidence to suggest that... 對應原句的 carbon dating ... suggests that...
  • Taiwan has been populated 對應 people have lived there
  • for over ten thousand years 對應 for at least ten thousand years

題目將原句的具體考古證據,概括改寫為 evidence,並將「人類居住」改寫為 Taiwan has been populated,句意一致。

嚴格而言,at least ten thousand years 是「至少一萬年」,包含剛好一萬年的情況;over ten thousand years 是「超過一萬年」,語意範圍略有差異。不過在本題的句意改寫中,兩者都表達「已有一萬年以上的居住歷史」,官方答案判定 A 為正確。

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第 21 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

One in three women with breast cancer 21 by a mammogram is treated unnecessarily according to a Danish study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, which has renewed debate 22 the value of early detection.

Researchers increasingly recognize that not all breast cancers 23 the same risk, even if they look the same under a microscope, Dr. Otis Brawley said. While some early tumors turn into deadly monsters, others stop growing or even 24. But assuming that all small breast lesions have the potential to turn deadly is 25 “racial profiling,” Brawley wrote in his editorial.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「分詞片語修飾名詞」以及「被動語態」:

One in three women with breast cancer detected by a mammogram is treated unnecessarily.

其中 detected by a mammogram 是過去分詞片語,修飾前面的名詞片語 breast cancer,完整形式為:

breast cancer which is detected by a mammogram

意思是「被乳房攝影檢查發現的乳癌」。

過去分詞 p.p.p.p. 可表示被動或完成意義;此處乳癌是「被乳房攝影檢查發現」,因此使用 detected。

解題方法

先找出空格後面的結構:

__ by a mammogram

介系詞片語 by a mammogram 表示「藉由乳房攝影」,在語意上是動作的執行工具,因此空格需要填入被動意義的分詞。

原句可還原為:

One in three women with breast cancer which is detected by a mammogram is treated unnecessarily.

再將關係子句簡化:

which is detected by a mammogram
→\rightarrow detected by a mammogram

因此答案為 (C) detected。

題幹定位句:

One in three women with breast cancer detected by a mammogram is treated unnecessarily.

翻譯:

根據刊登於《內科醫學年鑑》的一項丹麥研究,每三名乳癌由乳房攝影檢查發現的女性中,就有一人接受了不必要的治療。

此處 detected by a mammogram 的邏輯關係是「乳癌被發現」,不是「女性主動發現某物」。

選項分析

(A) detect

detect 是原形動詞,表示「察覺、發現、檢測」。

若填入:

women with breast cancer detect by a mammogram

會變成主動語態,意思近似「患有乳癌的女性藉由乳房攝影發現……」,但 detect 後面缺少受詞;而且題意是乳癌「被檢查發現」,不是女性主動進行完整的 detect 動作。因此錯誤。

(B) detects

detects 是第三人稱單數現在式,必須有明確的單數主詞,例如:

A mammogram detects breast cancer.

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第 22 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

One in three women with breast cancer 21 by a mammogram is treated unnecessarily according to a Danish study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, which has renewed debate 22 the value of early detection.

Researchers increasingly recognize that not all breast cancers 23 the same risk, even if they look the same under a microscope, Dr. Otis Brawley said. While some early tumors turn into deadly monsters, others stop growing or even 24. But assuming that all small breast lesions have the potential to turn deadly is 25 “racial profiling,” Brawley wrote in his editorial.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「介系詞搭配」與「語意判斷」。關鍵片語是:

  • debate over + 名詞:針對……的爭論;關於……價值的爭論
  • debate about + 名詞:關於……的爭論
  • debate among + 複數人或群體:在……之間的爭論
  • debate toward:並非此處自然的固定搭配
  • debate behind:意為「位於……後方的爭論」,不符合語意

題目句子為:

which has renewed debate 22 the value of early detection.

意思是:「這項研究再次引發了關於早期偵測價值的爭論。」

因此空格應填 over。


解題方法

先觀察空格後面的名詞片語:

the value of early detection

這是「早期偵測的價值」,整句需要表達「針對早期偵測價值的爭論」。英文中最自然的搭配是:

debate over the value of early detection

完整句意為:

One in three women with breast cancer detected by a mammogram is treated unnecessarily according to a Danish study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, which has renewed debate over the value of early detection.

翻譯:

根據刊登於《內科醫學年鑑》的一項丹麥研究,三名經乳房攝影檢查發現罹患乳癌的女性中,就有一人接受了不必要的治療;這項研究重新引發了人們對早期偵測價值的爭論。

其中定位答案的關鍵句就是:

which has renewed debate 22 the value of early detection

「爭論」的對象是 the value of early detection,所以使用表示「針對、關於」的 over。


選項分析

(A) over

debate over the value of early detection

表示「關於早期偵測價值的爭論」,是自然且正確的固定搭配。

例句:

There is ongoing debate over the safety of the new treatment.
關於這項新治療的安全性,目前仍有持續的爭論。

因此 (A) over 正確。


(B) among

among 主要表示「在三者以上之間」,通常用於人、群體或複數事物之間,例如:

debate among scientists
科學家之間的爭論

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第 23 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

One in three women with breast cancer 21 by a mammogram is treated unnecessarily according to a Danish study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, which has renewed debate 22 the value of early detection.

Researchers increasingly recognize that not all breast cancers 23 the same risk, even if they look the same under a microscope, Dr. Otis Brawley said. While some early tumors turn into deadly monsters, others stop growing or even 24. But assuming that all small breast lesions have the potential to turn deadly is 25 “racial profiling,” Brawley wrote in his editorial.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「克漏字語意判斷」與「動詞搭配」。關鍵句為:

Researchers increasingly recognize that not all breast cancers pose the same risk, even if they look the same under a microscope.
研究人員日益了解到,並非所有乳癌都帶來相同的風險,即使它們在顯微鏡下看起來相同。

其中固定搭配為 pose a risk,意為「造成/構成風險」。因此:

not all breast cancers pose the same risk

意思是「並非所有乳癌都具有相同的危險性」。

解題方法

先觀察空格後方的受詞:

__ the same risk

空格後接名詞片語 the same risk,需要填入能與 risk 自然搭配、且具有「造成、構成」意義的及物動詞。

文章後文說明,有些早期腫瘤會變成致命腫瘤,有些則停止生長,甚至逐漸消退。這表示不同乳癌的危險程度並不相同,因此「造成相同風險」最符合上下文。

pose a risk 是常見搭配:

  • pose a risk:造成風險
  • pose a threat:構成威脅
  • pose a danger:帶來危險
  • pose a challenge:形成挑戰

此外,主詞 not all breast cancers 為複數,動詞使用原形 pose,文法上也完全正確。

選項分析

(A) bond

bond 可作動詞,表示「結合、連結」,例如:

  • bond two materials together:將兩種材料接合
  • bond with someone:與某人建立情感連結

但 bond the same risk 不符合英文慣用語意。風險不是被「連結」或「接合」的對象,因此不選。

(B) pose

pose 作動詞時可表示「造成、構成、帶來」,常與 risk、threat、danger、problem 等名詞搭配。

  • pose a risk:造成風險
  • pose a threat:構成威脅
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第 24 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

One in three women with breast cancer 21 by a mammogram is treated unnecessarily according to a Danish study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, which has renewed debate 22 the value of early detection.

Researchers increasingly recognize that not all breast cancers 23 the same risk, even if they look the same under a microscope, Dr. Otis Brawley said. While some early tumors turn into deadly monsters, others stop growing or even 24. But assuming that all small breast lesions have the potential to turn deadly is 25 “racial profiling,” Brawley wrote in his editorial.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗形近動詞辨析與上下文語意邏輯(對比結構)。
題幹著重探討乳癌腫瘤的惡性進展差異:前面提到部分腫瘤會惡化為致命怪物(turn into deadly monsters),後面則藉由對稱連接詞說明另一類腫瘤會停止生長(stop growing)甚至萎縮。考生必須依據文境邏輯,精準選出表示腫瘤「體積縮小/萎縮」的正確單字。


解題方法

  1. 定位關鍵句子並分析文法結構:

"While some early tumors turn into deadly monsters, others stop growing or even __24__."
(雖然有些早期腫瘤會演變成致命的怪物,但其他的則會停止生長,甚至……。)

  1. 剖析語意邏輯與遞進關係:
  • 前半句以 While(雖然/然而)引導對比子句:some early tumors turn into deadly monsters(惡化、致命)。
  • 後半句描寫相對溫和的腫瘤行為:others stop growing(停止生長)。
  • 後接副詞連接詞 or even(甚至)表示程度上的順向遞進。既然前面是「停止生長」,進一步更良性或更弱化的狀態即為「縮小、萎縮」。
  • 四個選項中皆為以 shr- 起首的動詞,僅 (C) shrink 符合「縮小、萎縮」之醫學語境。

選項分析

  • (A) shrug(動詞):聳肩;對……不屑一顧(常搭配 shrug off)。
  • 排除原因:主詞為 tumors(腫瘤),腫瘤為無生命組織,無法做出「聳肩」的擬人動作,語意完全不通。
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第 25 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

One in three women with breast cancer 21 by a mammogram is treated unnecessarily according to a Danish study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, which has renewed debate 22 the value of early detection.

Researchers increasingly recognize that not all breast cancers 23 the same risk, even if they look the same under a microscope, Dr. Otis Brawley said. While some early tumors turn into deadly monsters, others stop growing or even 24. But assuming that all small breast lesions have the potential to turn deadly is 25 “racial profiling,” Brawley wrote in his editorial.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 形容詞片語的語意辨析。
  2. 固定搭配與介系詞 toto 的用法。
  3. 依據上下文判斷抽象比喻的邏輯關係。

關鍵句為:

But assuming that all small breast lesions have the potential to turn deadly is 25 “racial profiling,” Brawley wrote in his editorial.

意思是:

Brawley 在社論中寫道:但是,假定所有小型乳房病灶都有可能轉變成致命疾病,這種做法就等同於「種族歧視式側寫」。

句中主詞是動名詞片語 assuming that...,補語需要一個能表達「與……相似、近似於……」的形容詞片語。依據語意,正確答案為 akin to。


解題方法

先判斷空格後面的結構:

is 25 “racial profiling”

空格後接名詞片語 racial profiling,因此需要能直接接名詞、並表達「類似於、近似於」的片語。

將各選項代入:

assuming ... is akin to “racial profiling”

語意為「假定所有小型病灶都可能致命,這種做法類似於種族歧視式側寫」,符合文章批判的語氣與邏輯。

文章前文指出,不同乳癌的危險程度不一定相同;有些腫瘤會惡化,有些會停止生長。因此,把所有小型病灶一律視為具有致命潛力,就是根據外觀或類別作出一概而論的判斷,與 racial profiling 的概念相似。


選項分析

(A) apt to

apt to 意為「容易……的、很可能……的」,後面通常接原形動詞。

例如:

Young children are apt to make mistakes.
年幼的孩子容易犯錯。

若代入本句:

is apt to “racial profiling”

會變成「是很可能種族歧視式側寫」,語法與語意都不成立。apt to 後面應接動詞,而不是此處的名詞片語;即使改成 apt to engage in racial profiling,意思也會變成「很可能從事種族歧視式側寫」,與原句要表達的「這種做法類似於……」不同。

(B) akin to

akin to 意為「類似於、近似於、與……相像」,後面接名詞或名詞片語。

例如:

His behavior is akin to dishonesty.
他的行為近似於不誠實。

代入原句:

assuming that all small breast lesions have the potential to turn deadly is akin to “racial profiling”

意思是:

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第 26 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Have you been wondering about the health benefits of goji berries and goji juice? Some claim that the goji berry is a 26 of youth. The goji berry, also called the wolfberry, is a bright orange-red berry that comes from a shrub 27 China. In Asia, goji berries have been eaten for generations 28 living longer. Over time, people have used goji berries to try to treat many common health problems like diabetes, high blood pressure, fever, and 29 eye problems. Goji berries 30, cooked, or dried (like raisins) and are used in herbal teas, juices, wines, and medicines.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 固定搭配與慣用語
  2. 字義判斷
  3. 依上下文推測最適合的名詞

題幹句子為:

Some claim that the goji berry is a fountain of youth.
有些人宣稱,枸杞是「青春之泉」。

fountain of youth 是英文慣用語,意指能使人保持青春、延年益壽的神奇泉水或方法。此處用來表達枸杞被某些人宣稱具有抗老化、延長壽命的功效,因此應選 fountain。


解題方法

先觀察空格後面的片語:

a 26 of youth

英文中最常見、最固定的搭配是:

a fountain of youth

文章開頭詢問枸杞與枸杞汁的健康益處,接著提到有人宣稱枸杞能讓人活得更久。這些內容都與「青春、長壽、抗老化」有關,正好符合 fountain of youth 的語意。

完整句意為:

Some claim that the goji berry is a fountain of youth.
有些人宣稱,枸杞是青春之泉。


文法與語意重點

1. 不定冠詞與名詞

句型是:

the goji berry is a fountain of youth

在 is 後面接名詞片語 a fountain of youth,作為主詞補語,說明枸杞被比喻成什麼。

2. 固定片語 fountain of youth

  • fountain:噴泉、泉水;也可引申為來源
  • youth:青春、年輕時期

fountain of youth 不是單純的「青春噴泉」,而是具有特殊文化意義的慣用語,指能讓人恢復青春或維持年輕的事物。

3. 語境線索

後文提到:

In Asia, goji berries have been eaten for generations for living longer.
在亞洲,人們世代食用枸杞,以求活得更久。

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第 27 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Have you been wondering about the health benefits of goji berries and goji juice? Some claim that the goji berry is a 26 of youth. The goji berry, also called the wolfberry, is a bright orange-red berry that comes from a shrub 27 China. In Asia, goji berries have been eaten for generations 28 living longer. Over time, people have used goji berries to try to treat many common health problems like diabetes, high blood pressure, fever, and 29 eye problems. Goji berries 30, cooked, or dried (like raisins) and are used in herbal teas, juices, wines, and medicines.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「關係代名詞引導的形容詞子句」以及固定片語 be native to。

句中:

The goji berry ... is a bright orange-red berry that comes from a shrub 27 China.

空格後的 China 是地點,前面的 a shrub 是先行詞。空格部分必須形成修飾 a shrub 的關係子句,說明「原產於中國的灌木」。

native to + 地方 表示「原產於、原生於某地」:

  • be native to China:原產於中國
  • be native to Taiwan:原產於臺灣

因此完整結構為:

a shrub that is native to China

意思是「一種原產於中國的灌木」。

解題方法

先找出關係子句的先行詞:

  • 先行詞:a shrub
  • 關係代名詞:that 或 which
  • 子句所需動詞:is
  • 固定搭配:native to China

完整句子:

The goji berry, also called the wolfberry, is a bright orange-red berry that comes from a shrub that is native to China.

翻譯:

枸杞,又稱狼莓,是一種明亮橘紅色的莓果,來自一種原產於中國的灌木。

選項分析

(A) that is native to
正確。that 指代先行詞 a shrub,is 為完整的 be 動詞,native to China 是正確固定用法。

句型為:

a shrub + that + is native to China

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第 28 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Have you been wondering about the health benefits of goji berries and goji juice? Some claim that the goji berry is a 26 of youth. The goji berry, also called the wolfberry, is a bright orange-red berry that comes from a shrub 27 China. In Asia, goji berries have been eaten for generations 28 living longer. Over time, people have used goji berries to try to treat many common health problems like diabetes, high blood pressure, fever, and 29 eye problems. Goji berries 30, cooked, or dried (like raisins) and are used in herbal teas, juices, wines, and medicines.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查介系詞片語的語意與搭配,重點在於判斷空格前後的邏輯關係:

In Asia, goji berries have been eaten for generations 28 living longer.

空格後接動名詞片語 living longer,整句需要表達「食用枸杞的目的或期望是活得更久」。因此應選用表示「希望……」的片語 in the hope of。

解題方法

關鍵結構為:

in the hope of+V-ing\text{in the hope of} + \text{V-ing}

意思是「抱著……的希望」、「希望……」。

代入後:

In Asia, goji berries have been eaten for generations in the hope of living longer.

翻譯為:

在亞洲,人們世世代代食用枸杞,希望能活得更久。

其中:

  • for generations:世世代代;歷經許多世代
  • in the hope of:抱著……的希望;希望……
  • living longer:活得更久
  • of 是介系詞,後面必須接名詞或動名詞,因此使用 living,不能使用動詞原形 live。

選項分析

(A) along with

along with 意為「連同……」、「和……一起」,表示伴隨或附帶關係。

若代入句中:

goji berries have been eaten for generations along with living longer

語意會變成「枸杞和活得更久一起被食用」,句意不合。living longer 不是與枸杞並列的物品,也不是伴隨食用的事物,因此錯誤。

(B) at a cost of

at a cost of 意為「以……為代價」,通常表示某種結果必須犧牲其他事物才能獲得。

若代入句中:

goji berries have been eaten for generations at a cost of living longer

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第 29 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Have you been wondering about the health benefits of goji berries and goji juice? Some claim that the goji berry is a 26 of youth. The goji berry, also called the wolfberry, is a bright orange-red berry that comes from a shrub 27 China. In Asia, goji berries have been eaten for generations 28 living longer. Over time, people have used goji berries to try to treat many common health problems like diabetes, high blood pressure, fever, and 29 eye problems. Goji berries 30, cooked, or dried (like raisins) and are used in herbal teas, juices, wines, and medicines.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「複合形容詞」與「形容詞修飾名詞」的用法。

空格後面的名詞是 eye problems(眼睛問題),需要填入一個形容詞,表示「與年齡有關的眼睛問題」。英文中「與年齡有關的」固定用語是:

age-related + 名詞
= 與年齡有關的……

因此 age-related eye problems 意為「與年齡有關的眼睛問題」。

解題方法

定位答案的句子為:

Over time, people have used goji berries to try to treat many common health problems like diabetes, high blood pressure, fever, and age-related eye problems.

翻譯:

長久以來,人們使用枸杞,試圖治療許多常見的健康問題,例如糖尿病、高血壓、發燒,以及與年齡有關的眼睛問題。

句中列舉多種健康問題,空格必須與 eye problems 組成自然的名詞片語。四個選項中,只有 age-related 是標準且常見的複合形容詞。

選項分析

(A) age-related

正確。
age-related 是固定複合形容詞,由 age(年齡)與 related(有關的)組成,意思是「與年齡有關的」。因此:

age-related eye problems
與年齡有關的眼睛問題

(B) age-relating

錯誤。
relating 是現在分詞,通常表示「正在涉及、正在關聯」。age-relating 並非表示「與年齡有關的」之標準搭配,放在 eye problems 前不符合英文慣用語。表達「與……有關」應使用 related to,作為名詞前的複合形容詞則用 age-related。

(C) relating-age

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第 30 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Have you been wondering about the health benefits of goji berries and goji juice? Some claim that the goji berry is a 26 of youth. The goji berry, also called the wolfberry, is a bright orange-red berry that comes from a shrub 27 China. In Asia, goji berries have been eaten for generations 28 living longer. Over time, people have used goji berries to try to treat many common health problems like diabetes, high blood pressure, fever, and 29 eye problems. Goji berries 30, cooked, or dried (like raisins) and are used in herbal teas, juices, wines, and medicines.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「被動語態」與「平行結構」。

句子的主詞是複數名詞 Goji berries,意思是「枸杞」。枸杞本身不會主動「吃東西」,而是「被人食用」,因此要使用被動語態:

主詞+be 動詞+過去分詞\text{主詞}+\text{be 動詞}+\text{過去分詞}

本句中:

  • are:因主詞 Goji berries 為複數,使用 be 動詞 are。
  • eaten:eat 的過去分詞,表示「被吃、被食用」。
  • raw:生的、未經烹煮的。
  • cooked:cook 的過去分詞,表示「被煮熟」。
  • dried:dry 的過去分詞,表示「被曬乾、被乾燥處理」。

定位答案的原文與翻譯

題幹相關句為:

Goji berries 30, cooked, or dried (like raisins) and are used in herbal teas, juices, wines, and medicines.

翻譯為:

枸杞可以生吃、煮熟或曬乾(像葡萄乾一樣),並被使用於草本茶、果汁、酒類及藥物中。

填入答案後:

Goji berries are eaten raw, cooked, or dried...

完整結構為:

枸杞可以生吃、煮熟或曬乾……

其中 are eaten raw, cooked, or dried 是平行結構,三個動作都以被動語態表達。

解題方法

第一步,判斷主詞與動作關係。

主詞是 Goji berries。語意上是人食用枸杞,因此枸杞是「被吃」,不是主動吃別的東西,應選被動語態。

第二步,觀察後面的並列結構:

eaten raw, cooked, or dried

eaten、cooked、dried 都是過去分詞,並列說明枸杞的三種處理方式。第一個動詞完整呈現為 are eaten,後面的 cooked 和 dried 共用前面的 be 動詞,形成省略:

Goji berries are eaten raw, are cooked, or are dried.

為避免重複,英文通常寫成:

Goji berries are eaten raw, cooked, or dried.

因此第 30 格必須填入 are eaten raw。

選項分析

(A) are eaten raw

正確。

  • are 配合複數主詞 Goji berries。
  • eaten 是 eat 的過去分詞。
  • are eaten 構成被動語態,表示「被食用」。
  • raw 表示「生的」,eaten raw 是常見搭配,意思是「生吃」。

填入後,與 cooked、dried 形成語意及文法上的平行結構。

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第 31 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Burgeoning numbers of patients with long-term conditions requiring complex care have placed pressures on healthcare systems around the world. In New Zealand, complex patients are increasingly managed within the community. The Community of Clinical Practice concept identifies the network of carers around an individual patient whose central participants share a common purpose of increasing that patient’s well-being.

Communities of clinical practice include informal supports, services, professionals and non-professionals. These communities of clinical practice mediate practice, utilize informal networks to cut across boundaries, and mandate professional jurisdictions to achieve optimum patient-centered care. Communities of clinical practice’s repertoires are characterized by care and are driven by the moral imperative to care. They do “whatever it takes,” although there is a cost to this form of care. Well-functioning communities of clinical practice use patient’s well-being as a guiding light and, by sharing a vision of care through trusting and respectful relationships.

Which one is NOT the feature of communities of clinical practice?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解與語意定位,要求判斷哪些內容屬於 communities of clinical practice(臨床實務社群)的特徵。

文章明確指出,這類社群:

  • 由照護者、服務、專業及非專業人士共同組成。
  • 會跨越不同界線與專業領域。
  • 以病人福祉及以病人為中心的照護為核心。
  • 透過非正式網絡與專業合作,提供最佳照護。

因此,選項中不屬於文章所述特徵者,即為答案。

定位答案的原文

文章提到:

These communities of clinical practice mediate practice, utilize informal networks to cut across boundaries, and mandate professional jurisdictions to achieve optimum patient-centered care.

翻譯為:

這些臨床實務社群協調實務運作、利用非正式網絡跨越界線,並要求各專業管轄領域合作,以達到最佳的以病人為中心的照護。

其中直接出現:

  • cut across boundaries:跨越界線
  • professional jurisdictions:專業管轄領域
  • patient-centered care:以病人為中心的照護

這三項都可在文章中找到。文章並未提及 class-action lawsuits(集體訴訟)。

選項分析

(A) across boundaries

正確。文章使用 cut across boundaries,表示臨床實務社群會跨越不同機構、專業或照護界線,整合各方資源。因此 across boundaries 是文章明確提到的特徵。

(B) patient-centered care

正確。文章寫出 optimum patient-centered care,意指「最佳的以病人為中心的照護」。這類社群以病人的福祉為主要目標,而非只依照單一專業或單一機構的利益行動。

(C) professional jurisdictions

正確。文章提到 mandate professional jurisdictions。此處的 professional jurisdictions 指不同醫療專業各自的職權範圍或專業管轄領域。臨床實務社群會整合、協調不同專業,以完成病人照護,因此屬於文章描述的相關特徵。

此選項的語意與原文表達較為濃縮,但關鍵字完全出現在題幹中,不能因片語較抽象而排除。

(D) class-action lawsuits

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第 32 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Burgeoning numbers of patients with long-term conditions requiring complex care have placed pressures on healthcare systems around the world. In New Zealand, complex patients are increasingly managed within the community. The Community of Clinical Practice concept identifies the network of carers around an individual patient whose central participants share a common purpose of increasing that patient’s well-being.

Communities of clinical practice include informal supports, services, professionals and non-professionals. These communities of clinical practice mediate practice, utilize informal networks to cut across boundaries, and mandate professional jurisdictions to achieve optimum patient-centered care. Communities of clinical practice’s repertoires are characterized by care and are driven by the moral imperative to care. They do “whatever it takes,” although there is a cost to this form of care. Well-functioning communities of clinical practice use patient’s well-being as a guiding light and, by sharing a vision of care through trusting and respectful relationships.

What is the major goal of communities of clinical practice?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨定位」與「同義改寫」。題目詢問:

What is the major goal of communities of clinical practice?

也就是「臨床實務社群的主要目標是什麼?」

解題關鍵在於找出文章對此社群「目的」的直接說明,而不是被選項中的個別字詞干擾。

定位答案的關鍵句

文章第一段明確指出:

The Community of Clinical Practice concept identifies the network of carers around an individual patient whose central participants share a common purpose of increasing that patient’s well-being.

翻譯為:

「臨床實務社群的概念,是指圍繞個別病患而形成的照護者網絡;其中的核心參與者具有共同目的,就是提升該病患的福祉。」

文章後段再次強調:

Well-functioning communities of clinical practice use patient’s well-being as a guiding light.

翻譯為:

「運作良好的臨床實務社群,以病患的福祉作為指引。」

由此可知,這類社群的主要目標就是提升病患的福祉,也就是 patient’s well-being。

語意與文法重點

  • burgeoning numbers of patients:快速增加的病患人數
  • long-term conditions:長期疾病、慢性病
  • complex care:複雜照護
  • place pressures on:對……造成壓力
  • be managed within the community:在社區中接受管理或照護
  • a common purpose of V-ing:共同的目的在於……
  • increase one’s well-being:提升某人的福祉、身心健康
  • informal supports:非正式支持,例如家人、朋友或社區支持
  • professional jurisdictions:專業職權範圍
  • patient-centered care:以病患為中心的照護
  • moral imperative:道德上的必要性或使命
  • guiding light:指引、明確的方向

題幹中的 whose central participants share a common purpose 是關係子句,修飾前面的 **the network of carers

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第 33 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Burgeoning numbers of patients with long-term conditions requiring complex care have placed pressures on healthcare systems around the world. In New Zealand, complex patients are increasingly managed within the community. The Community of Clinical Practice concept identifies the network of carers around an individual patient whose central participants share a common purpose of increasing that patient’s well-being.

Communities of clinical practice include informal supports, services, professionals and non-professionals. These communities of clinical practice mediate practice, utilize informal networks to cut across boundaries, and mandate professional jurisdictions to achieve optimum patient-centered care. Communities of clinical practice’s repertoires are characterized by care and are driven by the moral imperative to care. They do “whatever it takes,” although there is a cost to this form of care. Well-functioning communities of clinical practice use patient’s well-being as a guiding light and, by sharing a vision of care through trusting and respectful relationships.

In 2nd paragraph, line 5, what does “They” refer to?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「代名詞指涉」,重點是判斷代名詞 They 在上下文中所代表的名詞。判斷時須同時注意:

  1. 代名詞的單複數。
  2. 文法上的先行詞位置。
  3. 語意是否能與後面的動詞搭配。
  4. 文章作者的指涉對象。

定位答案的原文

題幹相關句子為:

Communities of clinical practice’s repertoires are characterized by care and are driven by the moral imperative to care. They do “whatever it takes,” although there is a cost to this form of care.

翻譯:

臨床實務社群的行動資源以照護為特色,並受到照護之道德使命所驅動。它們會「不惜一切代價」地採取行動,儘管這種照護形式具有一定的成本。

依官方答案,第二句的 They 指的是前一句中的 repertoires,故選 (B)。

解題方法

先觀察 They 是複數主格代名詞,因此先行詞必須是複數名詞。四個選項中,patients、repertoires、communities、professionals 都是複數形式,不能只靠單複數排除。

接著看前一句的主要結構:

Communities of clinical practice’s repertoires are characterized by care and are driven by the moral imperative to care.

其中:

  • Communities of clinical practice’s 是所有格修飾語,表示「臨床實務社群的」。
  • repertoires 是核心名詞,作為整個主詞的中心。
  • are characterized 與 are driven 的複數動詞都與 repertoires 一致。

因此,依句法上的直接先行詞與官方命題設定,They = repertoires。

關鍵單字與片語

  • burgeoning:迅速增加的、蓬勃發展的
  • long-term conditions:長期疾病、慢性病況
  • complex care:複雜照護
  • place pressure on:對……造成壓力
  • healthcare systems:醫療照護體系
  • community:社區
  • carer:照護者
  • share a common purpose:共享共同目標
  • well-being:福祉、身心健康
  • informal supports:非正式支持
  • professional jurisdictions:專業職權範圍
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第 34 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In 1972, a social worker named Sanjit “Bunker” Roy funded Barefoot College in Tilonia, Rajasthan. Today the college trains women from villages for six months to build and maintain solar panels and other instruments. Barefoot College also offers education to the younger generation both during the day and at its solar bridge schools that meet by lamplight at night.

The philosophy of Barefoot College is largely inspired by the principles of Gandhi, starting with equality beyond caste, gender or religion. As a matter of fact, women are prioritized as an underserved population that is essential to bring villages together. Another central principle of the college is self-reliance, teaching students to support and think for themselves.

After the college’s female students have completed their half-year training, they return to their villages, where they wait for solar panel parts to arrive from the college. Once they have all the pieces they need, they construct the panels and begin collecting solar energy. For each village, the college also provides solar lamps. Villagers can, in addition, order parts for other solar-powered devices, such as water heaters and cooking stoves by the solar panels.

The effect on the villages is huge. Before the solar panels and lamps arrived, villagers had only candles to light their homes. This prevented adults from doing serious work at night, and it made studying difficult for children as well. As for physicians, they had difficulty treating patients and performing operations at night because they had to rely on flashlights.

Now there is power for not only the electrical appliances that the college provides but also devices like televisions, radios and computers. For the first time, the villagers can even connect to the world through the Internet.

What does this article explain about an organization?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是英文閱讀測驗,考查「文章主旨」與「組織如何達成目標」的判讀能力。題目問:

What does this article explain about an organization?
這篇文章說明了一個組織的哪一方面?

文章介紹的組織是 Barefoot College,重點不在創辦人的聘僱方式、政府合作或資金來源,而在於該組織如何透過教育、訓練與太陽能技術改善偏鄉生活。

關鍵單字與片語

  • social worker:社會工作者
  • fund:資助、創辦
  • train:訓練
  • maintain:維護、保養
  • solar panel:太陽能板
  • instrument:器具、設備
  • generation:世代
  • philosophy:理念
  • be inspired by:受到……啟發
  • equality:平等
  • caste:種姓
  • gender:性別
  • religion:宗教
  • prioritize:優先考慮
  • underserved population:資源不足、服務不足的族群
  • self-reliance:自立、自給自足
  • support and think for themselves:支持自己並獨立思考
  • construct:建造
  • collect solar energy:收集太陽能
  • appliance:家電、電器
  • connect to the world:與世界連結

解題方法

閱讀主旨題時,應觀察文章是否反覆說明某組織的「目的、作法與成果」。

本文的內容順序如下:

  1. 說明 Barefoot College 的成立背景與主要工作。
  2. 說明其核心理念,包括平等與自立。
  3. 說明實際運作方式:訓練鄉村女性,使她們回到村莊建造並維護太陽能設備。
  4. 說明實施後的成果:改善照明、教育、醫療與資訊連結。

最能直接定位答案的句子是:

Today the college trains women from villages for six months to build and maintain solar panels and other instruments.
如今,這所學院訓練來自鄉村的女性六個月,使她們能夠建造並維護太陽能板及其他設備。

此外,文章也寫道:

Once they have all the pieces they need, they construct the panels and begin collecting solar energy.
她們取得所需的全部零件後,就建造太陽能板並開始收集太陽能。

這些句子清楚說明組織是如何採取具體行動來達成改善鄉村生活的目標,因此答案是「如何完成其目標」。

語意與文法重點

  • train someone to V:訓練某人做某事
    例如:trains women ... to build and maintain solar panels,表示訓練女性建造及維護太陽能板。
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第 35 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In 1972, a social worker named Sanjit “Bunker” Roy funded Barefoot College in Tilonia, Rajasthan. Today the college trains women from villages for six months to build and maintain solar panels and other instruments. Barefoot College also offers education to the younger generation both during the day and at its solar bridge schools that meet by lamplight at night.

The philosophy of Barefoot College is largely inspired by the principles of Gandhi, starting with equality beyond caste, gender or religion. As a matter of fact, women are prioritized as an underserved population that is essential to bring villages together. Another central principle of the college is self-reliance, teaching students to support and think for themselves.

After the college’s female students have completed their half-year training, they return to their villages, where they wait for solar panel parts to arrive from the college. Once they have all the pieces they need, they construct the panels and begin collecting solar energy. For each village, the college also provides solar lamps. Villagers can, in addition, order parts for other solar-powered devices, such as water heaters and cooking stoves by the solar panels.

The effect on the villages is huge. Before the solar panels and lamps arrived, villagers had only candles to light their homes. This prevented adults from doing serious work at night, and it made studying difficult for children as well. As for physicians, they had difficulty treating patients and performing operations at night because they had to rely on flashlights.

Now there is power for not only the electrical appliances that the college provides but also devices like televisions, radios and computers. For the first time, the villagers can even connect to the world through the Internet.

According to this article, what does the organization believe in?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解,重點是:

  • 根據文章主旨判斷組織的核心理念。
  • 理解片語 believe in:相信、信奉、奉行。
  • 由文章中的具體事例,歸納作者所描述的社會功能與價值。

Barefoot College 不只是提供教育或訓練,更透過女性培訓、太陽能設備與夜間學校,改善偏鄉居民的生活、教育與醫療條件。因此,組織所相信並實踐的是「改善社會」。

解題方法

題目問:

According to this article, what does the organization believe in?
根據本文,這個組織相信什麼理念?

閱讀文章時,應優先尋找描述組織「哲學」或「原則」的句子,而不是只看某一項設備或活動。

文中明確指出:

The philosophy of Barefoot College is largely inspired by the principles of Gandhi, starting with equality beyond caste, gender or religion.

意思是:

Barefoot College 的理念主要受到甘地原則的啟發,首先強調超越種姓、性別或宗教的平等。

接著文章又說明該校:

  • 培訓鄉村女性建造與維修太陽能板;
  • 提供年輕一代教育;
  • 設立夜間太陽能橋梁學校;
  • 讓村民取得照明、電力、電視、收音機、電腦與網路;
  • 改善成人工作、兒童學習以及醫師夜間治療病人的條件。

這些內容共同指向「提升社會整體福祉」,也就是 improving society。

關鍵單字與片語

  • social worker:社會工作者
  • fund:資助、出資
  • train:訓練
  • maintain:維修、保養
  • solar panel:太陽能板
  • solar energy:太陽能
  • bridge school:橋梁學校,為弱勢或未能接受正式教育者提供教育的學校
  • philosophy:理念、哲學
  • be inspired by:受到……啟發
  • equality:平等
  • caste:種姓
  • gender:性別
  • religion:宗教
  • prioritize:優先考慮
  • underserved population:資源不足、服務不足的人口
  • self-reliance:自立、自給自足
  • support and think for themselves:支持自己並獨立思考
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第 36 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In 1972, a social worker named Sanjit “Bunker” Roy funded Barefoot College in Tilonia, Rajasthan. Today the college trains women from villages for six months to build and maintain solar panels and other instruments. Barefoot College also offers education to the younger generation both during the day and at its solar bridge schools that meet by lamplight at night.

The philosophy of Barefoot College is largely inspired by the principles of Gandhi, starting with equality beyond caste, gender or religion. As a matter of fact, women are prioritized as an underserved population that is essential to bring villages together. Another central principle of the college is self-reliance, teaching students to support and think for themselves.

After the college’s female students have completed their half-year training, they return to their villages, where they wait for solar panel parts to arrive from the college. Once they have all the pieces they need, they construct the panels and begin collecting solar energy. For each village, the college also provides solar lamps. Villagers can, in addition, order parts for other solar-powered devices, such as water heaters and cooking stoves by the solar panels.

The effect on the villages is huge. Before the solar panels and lamps arrived, villagers had only candles to light their homes. This prevented adults from doing serious work at night, and it made studying difficult for children as well. As for physicians, they had difficulty treating patients and performing operations at night because they had to rely on flashlights.

Now there is power for not only the electrical appliances that the college provides but also devices like televisions, radios and computers. For the first time, the villagers can even connect to the world through the Internet.

Which idea is communicated by the organization to women?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨定位」與「同義改寫」。解題關鍵是找出文章直接說明 Barefoot College 欲培養女性的核心理念,再將原文概念與選項比對。

文章明確指出學院的另一項核心原則是 self-reliance(自立、自給自足),教育學生能夠支持自己、獨立思考。因此,女性受訓後能回到村落,自行組裝、維修太陽能板,改善村民生活。

定位答案的原文

Another central principle of the college is self-reliance, teaching students to support and think for themselves.

翻譯:學院的另一項核心原則是自立,教導學生支持自己並獨立思考。

其中:

  • self-reliance:自立、自力更生
  • support oneself:養活自己、支持自己
  • think for oneself:獨立思考,不依賴他人替自己做決定

選項 B 的 They don’t have to rely on others. 正是對 self-reliance 的同義改寫。

解題方法

先判斷題目問的是組織傳達給女性的哪一種觀念,再回文章尋找表達「理念」的句子。第二段提到:

  1. equality:超越階級、性別與宗教的平等。
  2. self-reliance:自立,學習支持自己並獨立思考。

四個選項中,只有 B 對應第二項核心原則。文章雖然提到女性是受到服務不足的重要族群,也描述她們接受太陽能技術訓練,但題目問的是組織傳達的觀念,答案應選擇能概括其教育理念的選項,而非文章中未提及的社會議題。

選項分析

(A) They should be more involved in politics.
她們應該更加參與政治。

錯誤。文章沒有提到政治、選舉或女性參政。題幹重點是女性接受技術訓練,回到村落建立並維護太陽能設備,與政治參與無關。

(B) They don’t have to rely on others.
她們不必依賴他人。

正確。這是 self-reliance 的同義表達。學院教導學生「support and think for themselves」,也讓女性學會建造及維護太陽能板,回村後能實際運用所學,展現自立精神。

(C) They aren’t educating their daughters enough.
她們沒有充分教育自己的女兒。

錯誤。文章提到 Barefoot College 也為年輕世代提供教育,包括白天的課程與夜間的太陽能橋梁學校,但這是在說學院提供教育,不是在責備女性沒有教育女兒。

(D) They focus too much on their communities.
她們過度重視自己的社區。

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第 37 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In 1972, a social worker named Sanjit “Bunker” Roy funded Barefoot College in Tilonia, Rajasthan. Today the college trains women from villages for six months to build and maintain solar panels and other instruments. Barefoot College also offers education to the younger generation both during the day and at its solar bridge schools that meet by lamplight at night.

The philosophy of Barefoot College is largely inspired by the principles of Gandhi, starting with equality beyond caste, gender or religion. As a matter of fact, women are prioritized as an underserved population that is essential to bring villages together. Another central principle of the college is self-reliance, teaching students to support and think for themselves.

After the college’s female students have completed their half-year training, they return to their villages, where they wait for solar panel parts to arrive from the college. Once they have all the pieces they need, they construct the panels and begin collecting solar energy. For each village, the college also provides solar lamps. Villagers can, in addition, order parts for other solar-powered devices, such as water heaters and cooking stoves by the solar panels.

The effect on the villages is huge. Before the solar panels and lamps arrived, villagers had only candles to light their homes. This prevented adults from doing serious work at night, and it made studying difficult for children as well. As for physicians, they had difficulty treating patients and performing operations at night because they had to rely on flashlights.

Now there is power for not only the electrical appliances that the college provides but also devices like televisions, radios and computers. For the first time, the villagers can even connect to the world through the Internet.

Which role do the women play after they return to their villages?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「人物角色判斷」與關鍵資訊定位。解題重點是找出女性學員回到村莊後實際從事的工作,再將文章內容與選項的職業名稱配對。

關鍵段落指出,她們接受訓練的內容包括:

  • 建造太陽能板
  • 維修太陽能板及其他設備
  • 回到村莊後組裝太陽能板
  • 開始收集太陽能

因此,她們在村莊中扮演的是負責安裝、維護與操作設備的「技術人員」。

解題方法

題目問:

Which role do the women play after they return to their villages?
這些女性回到村莊後扮演什麼角色?

應直接回到第三段尋找「回到村莊後」的行為描述。定位答案的原文是:

After the college’s female students have completed their half-year training, they return to their villages, where they wait for solar panel parts to arrive from the college. Once they have all the pieces they need, they construct the panels and begin collecting solar energy.

翻譯:

學院的女性學生完成半年的訓練後,便回到自己的村莊,等待學院送來太陽能板的零件。當她們取得所需的所有零件後,就組裝太陽能板,並開始收集太陽能。

其中 construct the panels 表示「組裝太陽能板」,這需要技術訓練;文章第一段也明確說明:

Today the college trains women from villages for six months to build and maintain solar panels and other instruments.

翻譯:

如今,這所學院訓練來自各村莊的女性,讓她們在六個月內學會建造與維護太陽能板及其他設備。

因此,女性學員回村後的主要職責是安裝、建造與維修太陽能設備,對應 technicians。

文法與語意重點

  1. after + 子句

After the college’s female students have completed their half-year training

after 引導時間副詞子句,表示「在……之後」。
have completed 是現在完成式,表示「完成訓練」這件事先發生,之後她們才回到村莊。

  1. where 引導關係副詞子句

they return to their villages, where they wait for solar panel parts

where 修飾前面的 villages,表示「在那些村莊裡」。
wait for + 名詞 表示「等待某物」。

  1. Once + 子句

Once they have all the pieces they need

once 表示「一旦……」。
這裡的意思是「一旦她們取得所有需要的零件,就組裝太陽能板」。

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第 38 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Several different things happen when a person is hypnotized. People in deep hypnosis don’t seem to think anything unless the hypnotist tells them to. There are different levels of hypnosis. People usually have to practice by being hypnotized several times in order to reach the deeper levels. Hypnosis is not sleep. The brain waves of hypnotized people are like those who are awake. If you feel like speculating, consider this: The brain waves of people most easily hypnotized often show right cortex activation. Surgeons have successfully used it to suggest that the person can feel no pain. They have removed an appendix with no anesthesia. People can often remember things under hypnosis that they can’t remember in the normal state. This may be due to their increased focus of attention.

Hypnosis raises important questions about the organization of the human brain. We know there are levels of organization in the brain. As you read this, for example, a lower part of your brain is regulating your body temperature without your thinking about it. Another part is organizing all these little squiggly patterns on paper into words that make sense. Some theorists have said that what happens in hypnosis is that levels in the brain become disconnected. The subject’s conscious level is restricted to the things that hypnotist suggests; nothing else is allowed into that consciousness. If the subject’s arm is hurt, and the hypnotist says, “No, it’s not,” the subject doesn’t experience the pain at conscious level. It might as well not exist. All we are aware of is what we are conscious of. In hypnosis, goes this theory, the content of your conscious brain comes under the direction of the hypnotist. Why this happens, or how it happens, is not known.

The author’s primary purpose in this passage is

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是閱讀測驗中的「主旨題」,考查考生能否掌握全文核心,而非只根據某一個細節作答。

文章主要介紹催眠(hypnosis)的現象與可能的腦部機制,包括:

  • 催眠者在不同催眠深度下的心理狀態。
  • 催眠與睡眠的差異。
  • 催眠可能協助外科手術降低疼痛感。
  • 催眠可能使人回想平時難以記得的事情。
  • 催眠狀態下,意識內容可能受到催眠師指示的控制。
  • 催眠與人腦不同層次的組織及意識活動之間的關係。

因此,全文是在概括說明「催眠是什麼、催眠時會發生什麼現象,以及可能涉及什麼機制」。

解題方法

主旨題應觀察:

  1. 文章開頭是否直接介紹主題。
  2. 各段內容是否都圍繞同一核心。
  3. 選項是否能涵蓋全文,而非只對應其中一小部分。

本文第一句直接點出主題:

“Several different things happen when a person is hypnotized.”
「當一個人受到催眠時,會發生許多不同的事情。」

接著文章說明催眠的深度、腦波、止痛效果、記憶,以及催眠對意識的影響。第二段進一步討論催眠可能造成腦部不同層次「脫離連結」,並使意識內容受到催眠師指示。

全文各項資訊都在回答「催眠是什麼」以及「催眠會產生哪些現象」,所以最適合的主旨是 to explain what hypnosis is。

定位答案的關鍵句

“Hypnosis raises important questions about the organization of the human brain.”
「催眠對人腦的組織方式提出了重要問題。」

這句顯示文章不只談催眠的表面現象,也在說明催眠與人腦運作、意識控制之間的關係。

此外,文章最後指出:

“In hypnosis, goes this theory, the content of your conscious brain comes under the direction of the hypnotist.”
「依照這個理論,在催眠狀態下,人的意識內容會受到催眠師的指引。」

這正是對催眠狀態的核心描述,支持答案 D。

選項分析

(A) to explain hypnosis in history.
錯誤。此選項意為「解釋催眠的歷史」。文章沒有介紹催眠的發展年代、歷史人物、起源或演變,也沒有按照時間順序敘述。全文重點是催眠的現象與可能機制,而非歷史。

(B) to explain why people want to be hypnotized.
錯誤。此選項意為「解釋人們為什麼想接受催眠」。文章提到催眠可能使病人感覺不到疼痛,也可能幫助回憶,但沒有討論人們接受催眠的動機、心理需求或社會因素。部分內容可視為催眠的用途,卻不是全文主旨。

(C) to summarize the need for hypnosis in modern society.
錯誤。此選項意為「概述現代社會對催眠的需求」。文章沒有分析現代社會是否需要催眠,也沒有討論催眠在醫療、教育或社會中的普及程度。文中提到外科醫師曾利用催眠止痛,只是用來說明催眠可能產生的效果,不能延伸成「現代社會的需求」。

(D) to explain what hypnosis is.
正確。此選項意為「解釋催眠是什麼」。文章從多個角度說明催眠:催眠深度、腦波狀態、止痛效果、記憶、意識限制,以及催眠師對意識內容的影響,完整涵蓋全文內容。

關鍵單字與片語

  • hypnotize:催眠
  • hypnosis:催眠狀態;催眠術
  • hypnotist:催眠師
  • deep hypnosis:深度催眠
  • reach the deeper levels:達到更深的層次
  • brain waves:腦波
  • awake:清醒的
  • speculate:推測;臆測
  • right cortex activation:右側大腦皮質活化
  • surgeon:外科醫師
  • suggest:暗示;建議
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第 39 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Several different things happen when a person is hypnotized. People in deep hypnosis don’t seem to think anything unless the hypnotist tells them to. There are different levels of hypnosis. People usually have to practice by being hypnotized several times in order to reach the deeper levels. Hypnosis is not sleep. The brain waves of hypnotized people are like those who are awake. If you feel like speculating, consider this: The brain waves of people most easily hypnotized often show right cortex activation. Surgeons have successfully used it to suggest that the person can feel no pain. They have removed an appendix with no anesthesia. People can often remember things under hypnosis that they can’t remember in the normal state. This may be due to their increased focus of attention.

Hypnosis raises important questions about the organization of the human brain. We know there are levels of organization in the brain. As you read this, for example, a lower part of your brain is regulating your body temperature without your thinking about it. Another part is organizing all these little squiggly patterns on paper into words that make sense. Some theorists have said that what happens in hypnosis is that levels in the brain become disconnected. The subject’s conscious level is restricted to the things that hypnotist suggests; nothing else is allowed into that consciousness. If the subject’s arm is hurt, and the hypnotist says, “No, it’s not,” the subject doesn’t experience the pain at conscious level. It might as well not exist. All we are aware of is what we are conscious of. In hypnosis, goes this theory, the content of your conscious brain comes under the direction of the hypnotist. Why this happens, or how it happens, is not known.

Scientific study shows that hypnotized persons are all of the following except

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「文章主旨與細節判斷」,並要求辨認哪一項不是文章對催眠者的描述。

文章指出,接受催眠的人具有以下特徵:

  • 容易接受催眠者的暗示。
  • 注意力高度集中。
  • 意識內容受到催眠者指示的限制。
  • 催眠狀態不是睡眠,而是特殊的意識狀態。
  • 某些人在催眠下能回想平時想不起來的事情。

因此,四個選項中,只有「患有嚴重且難以處理的疾病」不是文章內容。

解題方法

本題關鍵在於題幹的 except:

Scientific study shows that hypnotized persons are all of the following except
科學研究顯示,接受催眠的人具備下列所有特徵,但不包括哪一項?

解題時逐一回到文章找支持證據:

  1. 文中是否說明催眠者容易受暗示?
  2. 文中是否提到注意力集中?
  3. 文中是否描述催眠者受到催眠師控制或指示?
  4. 文中是否提到催眠者患有嚴重疾病?

前三項都能在文章中找到依據,只有第二項沒有任何支持,故選 B。

定位答案的關鍵句

文章提到:

The subject’s conscious level is restricted to the things that hypnotist suggests; nothing else is allowed into that consciousness.

翻譯:

受試者的意識層次受到限制,只能接觸催眠師所暗示的事物;其他任何事情都不被允許進入其意識。

這句說明催眠狀態下,受試者的意識內容受到催眠師暗示的支配,支持選項 D。

文章另提到:

This may be due to their increased focus of attention.

翻譯:

這可能是因為他們的注意力更加集中。

這句直接支持選項 C。

文章也指出:

People in deep hypnosis don’t seem to think anything unless the hypnotist tells them to.

翻譯:

處於深度催眠的人,除非催眠師告訴他們去做,否則似乎不會思考任何事情。

這句支持選項 A 與 D,表示催眠者容易接受催眠師的指示,且行為與意識受到催眠師操控。

選項分析

(A) highly suggestible

意思是「高度容易受暗示的」。

文章明確描述深度催眠者:

People in deep hypnosis don’t seem to think anything unless the hypnotist tells them to.

催眠者必須依照催眠師的指示思考或行動,正是 suggestible「容易接受暗示」的表現。因此 A 是文章支持的敘述,不是答案。

(B) suffering from a serious and difficult disorder

意思是「患有嚴重且難以處理的疾病」。

文章討論的是催眠的程度、腦波、注意力、疼痛感與意識組織,沒有說接受催眠的人患有嚴重疾病,也沒有把催眠定義為一種疾病。催眠是一種意識狀態,不等於精神疾病或身體疾病。

因此 B 不符合文章內容,為正確答案。

(C) concentrated in their attention

意思是「注意力高度集中」。

文章明確說:

This may be due to their increased focus of attention.

其中 increased focus of attention 就是「注意力更加集中」。因此 C 有文章直接支持,不是答案。

(D) manipulated by the hypnotist

意思是「受到催眠師操控」。

文章指出:

In hypnosis, goes this theory, the content of your conscious brain comes under the direction of the hypnotist.

翻譯:

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第 40 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Several different things happen when a person is hypnotized. People in deep hypnosis don’t seem to think anything unless the hypnotist tells them to. There are different levels of hypnosis. People usually have to practice by being hypnotized several times in order to reach the deeper levels. Hypnosis is not sleep. The brain waves of hypnotized people are like those who are awake. If you feel like speculating, consider this: The brain waves of people most easily hypnotized often show right cortex activation. Surgeons have successfully used it to suggest that the person can feel no pain. They have removed an appendix with no anesthesia. People can often remember things under hypnosis that they can’t remember in the normal state. This may be due to their increased focus of attention.

Hypnosis raises important questions about the organization of the human brain. We know there are levels of organization in the brain. As you read this, for example, a lower part of your brain is regulating your body temperature without your thinking about it. Another part is organizing all these little squiggly patterns on paper into words that make sense. Some theorists have said that what happens in hypnosis is that levels in the brain become disconnected. The subject’s conscious level is restricted to the things that hypnotist suggests; nothing else is allowed into that consciousness. If the subject’s arm is hurt, and the hypnotist says, “No, it’s not,” the subject doesn’t experience the pain at conscious level. It might as well not exist. All we are aware of is what we are conscious of. In hypnosis, goes this theory, the content of your conscious brain comes under the direction of the hypnotist. Why this happens, or how it happens, is not known.

According to the passage, which of the following is a fact?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是閱讀理解中的「文章明確陳述判斷」。題目問哪一項是 a fact(事實),必須選擇文章中有直接證據支持的敘述,不可加入文章未提及的推論、批判或時間資訊。

文章重點包括:

  • 催眠(hypnosis)不是睡眠。
  • 催眠者的腦波與清醒者相似。
  • 催眠可能使人集中注意力,回想平時想不起來的事情。
  • 外科醫師曾將催眠應用於醫療,協助病人降低疼痛感。
  • 催眠的腦部運作機制仍未完全明瞭。

解題方法

先找出題目四個選項在文章中的對應內容:

  1. 文章是否直接說催眠師是不合法的騙子?
  2. 文章是否表示催眠有害、不應使用?
  3. 文章是否提到催眠曾用於醫療?
  4. 文章是否提供催眠使用的歷史年代?

文章明確提到外科醫師利用催眠使病人感覺不到疼痛,甚至在沒有麻醉的情況下切除闌尾。因此,只有選項 C 能由原文明確支持。

定位答案的原文

“Surgeons have successfully used it to suggest that the person can feel no pain. They have removed an appendix with no anesthesia.”

翻譯:

「外科醫師已成功利用催眠暗示病人感覺不到疼痛。他們曾在沒有麻醉的情況下切除闌尾。」

其中:

  • surgeons:外科醫師
  • successfully used it:成功使用它;此處的 it 指前文的 hypnosis
  • suggest that...:暗示……、使人接受……的想法
  • feel no pain:感覺不到疼痛
  • appendix:闌尾
  • anesthesia:麻醉

這兩句直接證明催眠已被應用於某些醫療處置,正好符合選項 C。

選項分析

(A) Hypnotists are illegitimate hucksters.
催眠師都是不合法的騙子。

錯誤。illegitimate 是「不合法的」,huckster 是「騙子、推銷騙術者」。文章沒有批評催眠師,也沒有說催眠師從事非法活動。相反地,文章指出外科醫師曾成功使用催眠協助醫療,不能據此推論催眠師都是騙子。

(B) Hypnosis is harmful and should not be used.
催眠有害,不應使用。

錯誤。文章沒有說催眠有害,也沒有提出禁止使用催眠的主張。文章僅說催眠會引發關於人腦組織的重要問題,且其發生原因與機制尚不清楚;「機制未明」不等於「有害且不應使用」。

(C) Hypnosis has been used in certain medical practices.
催眠已被用於某些醫療處置。

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第 Composition 題20 分

Laws in most places prohibit terminally ill patients from choosing death and physicians from assisting them. Do you agree or disagree with it? Please write an essay around 200–250 words to explain your point of view and your arguments concerning this topic.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為慈濟大學學士後中醫學系英文科引導寫作題(Composition),評量重點包含以下醫學人文與英文寫作核心素養:

  1. 醫學倫理與爭議議題探討(Medical Ethics & Bioethics):本題圍繞「安樂死與醫師協助自殺(Euthanasia & Physician-Assisted Suicide / Physician-Assisted Death, PAD)」,考驗考生在「病人自主權(Patient Autonomy)與維持生命尊嚴(Dignity in Dying)」與「醫師職責/生命神聖性(Sanctity of Life)與不傷害原則(Non-maleficence)」之間的思辨能力。這類結合醫療實務與生命倫理的題目是後中醫英文寫作的經典命題。
  2. 議論文結構(Persuasive / Argumentative Essay Structure):考生需在 200–250 字之限制內,完成包含「引言(含明確中心論點 Thesis Statement)」、「正方或反方論據展開(Body Paragraphs)」、「結論(總結並重申立場)」的嚴謹架構。
  3. 高階醫學與學術詞彙及句型:精準使用自主權、末期病患、緩和醫療、倫理困境等術語,並展現流暢的邏輯轉折詞(Connectives)。

題幹關鍵字與文法重點

  • 題目原文:
    "Laws in most places prohibit terminally ill patients from choosing death and physicians from assisting them. Do you agree or disagree with it? Please write an essay around 200–250 words to explain your point of view and your arguments concerning this topic."
  • 題幹翻譯:
    「大部分地區的法律皆禁止末期病患選擇死亡,並禁止醫師給予協助。你是否同意這項禁令?請寫一篇大約 200 至 250 字的短文,說明你的觀點以及針對此議題的論據。」
  • 關鍵文法與片語解析:
  • prohibit sb from V-ing:禁止某人做某事。題幹中省去了第二個 prohibit,形成並列結構:prohibit [terminally ill patients from choosing death] and [physicians from assisting them]。
  • terminally ill(adj.):絕症的、末期的。
  • physician-assisted dying / physician-assisted suicide:醫師協助死亡/醫師協助自殺。

解題方法與寫作策略

  1. 選定鮮明立場(Take a Clear Stance):
  • 同意禁止(Agree with the prohibition):立論於醫師誓詞「不傷害原則(Primum non nocere / Non-maleficence)」、可能引發滑坡效應(Slippery slope argument,如弱勢族群被迫放棄治療),主張應以「緩和醫療(Palliative care)」緩解痛苦。
  • 反對禁止/支持病患善終權(Disagree with the prohibition):立論於「個人自主權(Autonomy)」與「尊嚴死(Death with dignity)」,當現代醫療無法逆轉絕症且僅剩痛苦時,理性的病患應有權決定生命終點,法律全面禁止反而是延長痛苦。
    (註:本題無論選哪一方,只要邏輯自洽、論述客觀,皆能得高分。以下示範選取最能彰顯醫學人文深度的「支持解除全面禁止、賦予有嚴格把關之尊嚴死權利(Disagree with the blanket prohibition)」立場。)
  1. 段落比重與字數控制(目標:約 220–240 字):
  • 第一段(引言,約 45–50 字):點出議題背景(醫療技術延長生命 vs. 痛苦),明確表達立場(反對全面禁止協助死亡,應在嚴謹法規下尊重病患自主權)。
  • 第二段(論據一:自主權與痛苦解脫,約 75–80 字):論述生命品質(Quality of life)與病患自主權,說明當安寧緩和醫療無法解除折磨時,強迫維持生命是不人道的。
  • 第三段(論據二:嚴謹法制防範弊端,約 65–70 字):回應反對意見(滑坡效應、濫用風險),提出透過獨立評估、心智能力鑑定等防護機制(Safeguards),即可兼顧倫理與人道。
  • 第四段(結論,約 35–40 字):總結論點,強調醫學的終極目標不僅是延續生物學上的呼吸,更在於維護人的尊嚴。

必備核心詞彙與實用句型

  1. 核心專有名詞:
  • patient autonomy(n.):病人自主權
  • palliative care / hospice care(n.):緩和醫療/安寧療護
  • intolerable suffering(n.):難以忍受的痛苦
  • death with dignity(n.):尊嚴死
  • safeguard(n.):防範措施、把關機制
  • Hippocratic Oath(n.):希波克拉底誓詞
  1. 加分句型:
  • While life is sacred, the quality of life and human dignity must not be overlooked.(儘管生命是神聖的,但生命品質與人性尊嚴亦不可忽視。)
  • A blanket prohibition denies patients the agency to conclude their lives on their own terms.(一刀切的全面禁令剝奪了病患以自身意願劃下生命句點的自主權。)

範文展示(Model Essay)

Advances in modern medicine have significantly extended human longevity; however, prolonged survival does not always equate to a meaningful existence. I disagree with the ab

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其他考古題

107 年慈濟大學的其他科目

慈濟大學《英文》其他年度

其他學校的《英文》