慈濟大學 103 年 《英文》

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第 1 題2 分

There’s always ____ for improvement however much you’ve already done.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考固定搭配(collocation)與語意判斷,核心片語是:

room for improvement = 改進的空間、改善的餘地

此處的 room 不是「房間」,而是「空間、餘地、容納的可能性」。句意表示:不論已經完成多少事情,總還有進步的空間。

題幹定位與翻譯

There’s always ____ for improvement however much you’ve already done.

完整句為:

There’s always room for improvement however much you’ve already done.

翻譯:

不論你已經完成多少事情,總還有改進的空間。

其中 however much 表示「不論多少、無論多麼」,引導讓步副詞子句:

  • however much you’ve already done:不論你已經做了多少

解題方法

先觀察空格後面的介系詞 for,四個選項在文法上都能與 for 形成片語,但必須進一步判斷哪一個符合英文慣用語及句意。

「還有進步的空間」在英文中有固定表達:

There is room for improvement.

因此空格應填 room。

句型結構如下:

  • There’s always:總是有……
  • room for improvement:改進的空間
  • however much you’ve already done:不論你已經完成多少

選項分析

(A) place

place for improvement 可勉強理解為「改進所處的位置」,但英文不以此表達「進步的餘地」。在本題語境中,表示抽象的「空間」時,慣用字是 room,不是 place。

(B) occasion

occasion 的意思是「場合、時機、事件」。常見搭配如:

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第 2 題2 分

As forecasting improved, communities were no longer surprised by hurricanes and could ____ ahead of the storms.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與「語境判斷」,並結合片語 ahead of 的用法。

題幹描述:隨著氣象預測技術進步,社區不再對颶風感到措手不及,因此能夠在暴風雨來臨前採取撤離行動。最符合語意的動詞是 evacuate。

題幹定位與翻譯

As forecasting improved, communities were no longer surprised by hurricanes and could evacuate ahead of the storms.

翻譯:

隨著預測能力提升,社區不再因颶風而措手不及,因此可以在暴風雨來臨前撤離。

關鍵線索是:

  • forecasting improved:預測能力改善
  • were no longer surprised:不再感到意外、不再措手不及
  • ahead of the storms:在暴風雨之前、暴風雨來臨前

既然能夠提前預測颶風,居民便有時間撤離,因此答案是 evacuate。

解題方法

先觀察句型:

could + 原形動詞

四個選項都是動詞原形,皆符合基本文法,因此本題不能只靠文法排除,必須根據上下文判斷語意。

題幹的邏輯為:

  1. 氣象預測能力提升。
  2. 社區可以提早知道颶風即將來臨。
  3. 居民因此能在暴風雨前離開危險地區。

能與「社區」作主詞,且符合「在暴風雨前採取的行動」者,只有 evacuate。

選項分析

(A) eradicate

  • eradicate:根除、消滅
  • 例如:eradicate a disease(根除疾病)
  • 「社區可以根除暴風雨」在語意上不成立。颶風是自然現象,社區無法藉由預測能力加以消滅。
  • 因此錯誤。

(B) evacuate

  • evacuate:撤離、疏散
  • 例如:evacuate the residents(疏散居民)
  • evacuate ahead of the storms 表示「在暴風雨來臨前撤離」。
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第 3 題2 分

Research indicates that a powerful El Niño from 1789 to 1793 ____ crop yields in Europe, which in turn helped spark the French Revolution.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與「因果語意」。四個選項皆為過去式動詞,文法形式均可放入空格,關鍵在於判斷哪個動詞符合上下文的因果關係。

題幹描述強烈的聖嬰現象影響歐洲農作物收成,進而助長法國大革命。因此空格應填入表示「摧毀、嚴重破壞」的動詞。

解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句為:

Research indicates that a powerful El Niño from 1789 to 1793 ____ crop yields in Europe, which in turn helped spark the French Revolution.

翻譯:

研究顯示,1789 年至 1793 年間的一次強烈聖嬰現象,使歐洲的農作物產量遭受嚴重破壞,而這又進一步助長了法國大革命的爆發。

句中的因果鏈為:

強烈聖嬰現象→農作物收成受損→糧食短缺與社會不滿→助長法國大革命\text{強烈聖嬰現象} \rightarrow \text{農作物收成受損} \rightarrow \text{糧食短缺與社會不滿} \rightarrow \text{助長法國大革命}

因此,空格需要填入負面結果,且能直接接受 crop yields 作為受詞的動詞。devastated 正好符合「嚴重破壞農作物產量」之意。

關鍵單字與片語

  • research indicates that...:研究顯示……
  • powerful:強烈的
  • El Niño:聖嬰現象
  • from 1789 to 1793:從 1789 年到 1793 年
  • crop yields:農作物產量、農作收成
  • devastate:摧毀、使遭受嚴重破壞
  • boost:促進、提高
  • delete:刪除
  • raise:提高、增加
  • in turn:反過來、進而
  • help spark:助長……的爆發;促使……開始
  • French Revolution:法國大革命

文法與語意重點

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第 4 題2 分

With climate change a growing concern, more people are turning to living roofs as a ____ — and stylish — way to help insulate their homes.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「語境搭配」。句中需要填入一個形容詞,修飾後面的名詞 way,表示「一種……的方法」。

關鍵語境是:

With climate change a growing concern, more people are turning to living roofs as a ____ — and stylish — way to help insulate their homes.

意思是:「隨著氣候變遷日益受到關注,越來越多人採用綠屋頂,作為幫助房屋隔熱的一種____且時尚的方法。」

題幹提到 climate change(氣候變遷)與 insulate(隔熱、使絕緣),說明這種方法具有環境友善、長期可行的特質,因此應選 sustainable。

解題方法

先觀察句型:

as a ____ — and stylish — way

空格與 stylish 並列,共同修飾 way。因此空格必須是能描述「方法」性質的形容詞。

再依前後文判斷:

  • living roofs:綠屋頂、屋頂綠化
  • climate change:氣候變遷
  • insulate their homes:為房屋隔熱

綠屋頂可協助隔熱、降低能源消耗,並具有環境永續性。因此 sustainable way 意為「永續的方法」,與全文語意完全吻合。

關鍵單字與片語

  • climate change:氣候變遷
  • a growing concern:日益受到關注的問題
  • turn to:轉而採用、求助於
  • living roof:綠屋頂、屋頂綠化
  • sustainable:永續的;能長期維持且對環境較友善的
  • stylish:時尚的、有品味的
  • insulate:使隔熱;使絕緣
  • home:住宅、房屋

選項分析

(A) syndicated

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第 5 題2 分

The availability of reputable, quality programs of higher education in Asia is increasing ____, giving local students more incentives not to study abroad.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 副詞的詞義辨析。
  2. 副詞修飾動詞的用法。
  3. 依上下文判斷語意是否合理。

句中空格位於動詞片語 is increasing 之後,因此需要填入副詞,修飾「增加」的方式、程度或速度。

關鍵語意是:亞洲具聲譽且高品質的高等教育課程供給正在快速增加,使當地學生更有誘因不出國留學。

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句為:

The availability of reputable, quality programs of higher education in Asia is increasing ____, giving local students more incentives not to study abroad.

翻譯:

亞洲具聲譽且高品質的高等教育課程,其可取得性正以__的速度增加,使當地學生更有誘因不出國留學。

其中:

  • availability:可取得性、供應情形
  • reputable:有聲譽的、享有良好聲望的
  • quality programs:高品質的課程
  • higher education:高等教育
  • increase:增加
  • give someone an incentive to do something:給某人做某事的誘因
  • study abroad:出國留學

解題方法

先判斷詞性。四個選項都是副詞,皆可在文法形式上放入空格,因此本題關鍵在於詞義與語境。

句意指出亞洲高等教育資源日益充足,因而降低當地學生出國留學的必要性。空格應表達「快速而大幅度地增加」。

exponentially 表示「呈指數地、以指數速度地」,可用來修飾數量、規模或成長速度,符合「教育課程供給快速擴增」的語意。

完整句意為:

亞洲具聲譽且高品質的高等教育課程,其可取得性正以指數速度增加,使當地學生更有誘因不出國留學。

因此選 (B) exponentially。

選項分析

(A) obtrusively

obtrusively 意為「冒失地、惹人注意地、唐突地」,通常描述某人的行為過於顯眼、打擾他人,或某事物以令人不悅的方式突出。

例如:

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第 6 題2 分

As a doctor, you have to be a people person and have ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與「語意搭配」。四個選項皆為名詞,放在文法結構 have + 名詞 中都能成立,因此關鍵在於判斷哪個名詞符合醫師應具備的特質。

題幹關鍵句:

As a doctor, you have to be a people person and have empathy.
身為醫師,你必須是善於與人相處的人,並且具備同理心。

其中:

  • people person:善於與人相處的人;親切、合群的人
  • have empathy:具有同理心,能理解並體會他人的感受

醫師除了專業能力,也必須理解病人的痛苦、情緒與需求,因此 empathy 最符合語意。

解題方法

先判斷句型:

have + 名詞

空格後沒有介系詞或其他限定成分,四個選項在詞性上皆可作名詞使用,所以不能只依文法排除選項。

再根據上下文判斷:

  1. a people person 表示善於與人互動。
  2. 醫師若要與病人建立良好溝通,還需要能理解病人的感受。
  3. 表示「理解並體會他人情緒」的字是 empathy。

因此完整句意為:

身為醫師,你必須善於與人相處,並且具備同理心。

選項分析

(A) empathy 同理心——正確

Empathy 是「同理心」,指設身處地理解他人的感受、處境與情緒。醫師面對病人時,需要理解病人的疼痛、焦慮與恐懼,這正是醫療溝通中重要的能力。

常見搭配包括:

  • have empathy:具有同理心
  • show empathy:展現同理心
  • empathize with someone:對某人感同身受
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第 7 題2 分

Roger has a ____ to order too much food when dining out.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與名詞搭配。句型為:

Roger has a ____ to order too much food when dining out.
Roger 外食時有點太常點過多食物的傾向。

空格前有冠詞 a,後接 to order,需要填入表示「傾向、癖好」的可數名詞。四個選項皆以 pro- 開頭,容易造成字形混淆,關鍵在於辨認詞義。

解題方法

定位答案的關鍵片語是:

has a ____ to order too much food

其中 order too much food 表示「點太多食物」,語意需要「有……的傾向」。符合此意的名詞是 proclivity:

have a proclivity to + 原形動詞
有……的傾向/習性

因此:

Roger has a proclivity to order too much food when dining out.
Roger 外食時有點餐過量的傾向。

選項分析

(A) proportion

proportion 是「比例、部分、均衡」。例如:

  • the proportion of men to women:男性與女性的比例
  • in proportion to:與……成比例

代入後:

Roger has a proportion to order too much food.

語意變成「Roger 有一個去點太多食物的比例」,不符合句意;proportion 也不表示個人的行為傾向。

(B) proclamation

proclamation 是「公告、宣言、正式聲明」,通常指公開發布的重要消息或宣告,例如:

  • an official proclamation:官方公告
  • issue a proclamation:發布公告

代入後:

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第 8 題2 分

Her mother used to ____ her on her bad table manners.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「動詞搭配」與語意判斷。

句意是:她母親以前常因她糟糕的餐桌禮儀而訓斥她。

關鍵搭配為:

  • lecture someone on/about something:因某事訓斥、訓誡某人
  • bad table manners:不良的餐桌禮儀
  • used to + 原形動詞:過去常常……

題幹原文:

Her mother used to ____ her on her bad table manners.

翻譯:

她母親以前常因她不良的餐桌禮儀而訓斥她。

解題方法

先觀察空格後面的結構:

____ her on her bad table manners

空格後直接接人稱代名詞 her,因此需要能直接接受詞的動詞;同時,後面的 on her bad table manners 表示「針對她不良的餐桌禮儀」。

四個選項中,只有 lecture 能形成固定搭配:

lecture someone on/about something

代入後:

Her mother used to lecture her on her bad table manners.

意思通順,文法正確,因此選 (A) lecture。

選項分析

(A) lecture

lecture 作動詞時,意為「訓斥、訓誡、說教」。常見句型為:

lecture someone on/about something

本句中,母親針對女兒的餐桌禮儀問題加以訓誡,完全符合句意與搭配。

例句:

The teacher lectured the students on the importance of honesty.
老師訓誡學生誠實的重要性。

因此 (A) 正確。

(B) dissuade

dissuade 意為「勸阻、勸人打消念頭」。常見句型為:

dissuade someone from doing something

例如:

She tried to dissuade him from quitting his job.
她試圖勸他不要辭職。

本句並非要表達「母親勸她不要做某事」,而是「母親因她的餐桌禮儀不好而訓斥她」。此外,dissuade her on her bad table manners 不是正確搭配,因此 **(B) 錯誤

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第 9 題2 分

My bank has agreed to ____ the repayments on my loan while I'm still a student.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 動詞的字義辨析。
  2. 動詞與名詞的語意搭配。
  3. agree to + 原形動詞 的文法結構。

題幹中的關鍵搭配是 defer the repayments,意思是「延後償還款項」。

題幹定位與翻譯

My bank has agreed to defer the repayments on my loan while I'm still a student.

翻譯:

我的銀行已同意,在我還是學生期間,延後我的貸款還款。

句型分析:

  • has agreed to + 原形動詞:已同意做某事
  • defer the repayments:延後還款
  • on my loan:關於我的貸款
  • while I'm still a student:在我仍是學生期間

由於學生期間通常收入較少,銀行同意將貸款還款日期延後,因此應選擇表示「延遲、延期」的 defer。

解題方法

先觀察 to 後方的空格。此處是:

has agreed to ____

因此空格必須填入原形動詞。四個選項皆為原形動詞,文法形式都符合,必須進一步比較語意。

再觀察空格後面的受詞:

the repayments

repayments 意為「償還款項、還款」,能與「延後」形成合理搭配的動詞是 defer:

defer repayments = 延後還款

完整句意為:

銀行同意延後貸款的還款。

因此答案為 (A) defer。

選項分析

(A) defer 延後;延期

defer 是及物動詞,表示將某件事延到較晚的時間進行,常見搭配包括:

  • defer payment:延後付款
  • defer repayment:延後還款
  • defer a decision:延後決定
  • defer an exam:延後考試

defer the repayments 在語意與搭配上都完全正確。

(B) infer 推論;推斷

infer 指根據證據或已知資訊推導出結論,常見用法為:

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第 10 題2 分

It is difficult to list all my brother’s ____ because he has so many different talents.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「語意判斷」與「名詞字義辨析」。題幹提到哥哥有許多不同的 talents(才能、天賦),因此空格應填入能表示「特質、才能、優點」的名詞。

關鍵句為:

It is difficult to list all my brother’s ____ because he has so many different talents.
因為我哥哥有許多不同的才能,所以很難列出他所有的__。

其中,後半句的 many different talents 是判斷空格內容的重要線索:空格應與「才能、特質」語意相近。

解題方法

先觀察句型:

  • list all my brother’s ____:列出我哥哥所有的……
  • because he has so many different talents:因為他有許多不同的才能

能被列舉、且與 talents 意義相近的,應是指個人的「特質、才能或優點」的名詞。四個選項中,只有 attributes 符合。

選項分析

(A) smirks

smirk 是「得意的傻笑、竊笑」,通常指帶有自滿、嘲諷意味的笑容。smirks 是複數名詞,意思是「多個得意的笑容」。

句意若填入此字,會變成:

很難列出我哥哥所有的得意傻笑,因為他有許多不同的才能。

「得意傻笑」與後面的 talents 沒有合理的因果關係,因此不合語意。

(B) fortunes

fortune 可表示「財富、命運、運氣」,fortunes 可指「財富」或「命運」。句意若填入此字,會變成:

很難列出我哥哥所有的財富,因為他有許多不同的才能。

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第 11 題2 分

They got their van ____ at the garage before they went on the long journey.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念:get + 受詞 + 過去分詞

本題考「使役結構」:

get + 受詞 + 過去分詞

表示「請別人替某物做某事」或「使某物接受某種處理」。

題幹中的:

They got their van checked up at the garage before they went on the long journey.

可理解為「他們在長途旅行前,請修車廠檢查了他們的廂型車。」

句型分析如下:

  • They:主詞
  • got:使役動詞
  • their van:受詞
  • checked up:過去分詞片語,表示廂型車「被檢查」
  • at the garage:地點副詞片語
  • before they went on the long journey:時間副詞子句

廂型車不是主動檢查其他東西,而是「被修車廠檢查」,因此要使用表示被動意義的過去分詞 checked。

解題方法

先找出動詞 got 後面的受詞:

got their van ____

接著判斷 their van 與空格內動作的關係:

  • 廂型車不會自己檢查別人,因此不是主動做 check up。
  • 廂型車是接受修車廠的檢查,因此需要被動形式。
  • check 的過去分詞是 checked。

所以應填入:

checked up

完整句意為:

They got their van checked up at the garage before they went on the long journey.
他們在進行長途旅行之前,請修車廠檢查了他們的廂型車。

選項分析

(A) check up 錯誤

check up 是原形動詞片語。get + 受詞 + 原形動詞 並不是本題所需的標準使役結構。

此外,若使用主動形式,句意會變成「他們的廂型車去檢查某事」,不符合語意。此處應表達廂型車「被檢查」,因此不能使用 check up。

(B) checking up 錯誤

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第 12 題2 分

An employment survey revealed that demand for high-level executives ____ decreased unexpectedly this year.

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這一題的完整詳解

題幹定位與翻譯

An employment survey revealed that demand for high-level executives ____ decreased unexpectedly this year.

一項就業調查顯示,今年對高階主管的需求意外下降。

答案所在結構為:

demand for high-level executives has decreased unexpectedly this year
今年對高階主管的需求意外下降。


核心觀念

本題考查兩項重點:

  1. 現在完成式:have/has + 過去分詞
  2. 主詞與動詞的單複數一致

句子的真正主詞是 demand,不是 executives。

  • demand:需求,單數不可數名詞
  • for high-level executives:介系詞片語,修飾 demand
  • decreased:下降,過去分詞與過去式同形

現在完成式的形式如下:

主詞+have/has+過去分詞\text{主詞}+\text{have/has}+\text{過去分詞}

主詞為第三人稱單數時使用 has:

  • demand has decreased
  • the number has decreased

主詞為複數時使用 have:

  • demands have decreased
  • sales have decreased

解題方法

先找出主要子句中的主詞:

demand for high-level executives

核心名詞是 demand,而 for high-level executives 只是修飾 demand 的介系詞片語。因此主詞視為單數。

再觀察時間副詞:

this year

「今年」表示從過去某時開始,到目前為止的變化,適合使用現在完成式,強調截至目前的結果:

demand has decreased this year

因此需要:

  • 單數助動詞:has
  • 後接過去分詞:decreased

完整句子為:

An employment survey revealed that demand for high-level executives has decreased unexpectedly this year.


選項分析

(A) was

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第 13 題2 分

In 1791, Quebec was divided into two sections, Upper Canada and Lower Canada, ____ were ruled by elected assemblies.

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這一題的完整詳解

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句為:

In 1791, Quebec was divided into two sections, Upper Canada and Lower Canada, both of which were ruled by elected assemblies.

翻譯:

1791 年,魁北克被分為兩個區域:上加拿大與下加拿大;這兩個區域都由民選議會治理。


核心觀念

本題考「非限定關係子句」及關係代名詞的用法。

句中逗號後面的 both of which were ruled by elected assemblies 是補充說明前面兩個區域的非限定關係子句:

  • which:關係代名詞,指前面的事物或區域
  • both of which:兩者都……的
  • were ruled:被治理,為被動語態
  • elected assemblies:民選議會

前面的先行詞是 two sections, Upper Canada and Lower Canada,屬於複數且指事物,因此使用:

both of which+複數動詞\text{both of which} + \text{複數動詞}

所以後面接 were ruled。


解題方法

先觀察主句:

Quebec was divided into two sections, Upper Canada and Lower Canada,

主句意思完整。逗號後需要接一個「補充說明前面兩個區域」的關係子句。

由於先行詞是兩個區域,需表達「這兩個區域都……」,可使用:

both of which were ruled by elected assemblies

其中:

  • both 表示兩者都
  • which 代替前面的兩個區域
  • of which 表示「其中的」
  • were ruled 與複數先行詞及兩個區域一致

因此正確答案為 (D) both of which。


選項分析

(A) both

放入後為:

Quebec was divided into two sections, Upper Canada and Lower Canada, both were ruled by elected assemblies.

both 本身只是代名詞,不能引導關係子句。逗號後的 both were ruled... 形成另一個完整子句,與前面的主句僅以逗號連接,屬於逗號連接錯誤(comma splice)。

正確表達必須加入關係代名詞:

both of which were ruled...

因此 (A) 錯誤。


(B) they both

放入後為:

Quebec was divided into two sections, Upper Canada and Lower Canada, they both were ruled by elected

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第 14 題2 分

The tuition of a public university is usually much lower than ____ a private university.

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這一題的完整詳解

題幹與翻譯

The tuition of a public university is usually much lower than that of a private university.

公立大學的學費通常比私立大學的學費低很多。

定位答案的關鍵片語是 that of a private university,其中 that 代替前面已出現的單數不可數名詞 tuition,of a private university 則補充說明學費的所屬對象。

核心觀念:代替詞 that/those 的用法

本題考「比較句中為避免重複,使用代替詞代替前面名詞」的觀念。

題幹比較的是:

  • 公立大學的學費:the tuition of a public university
  • 私立大學的學費:the tuition of a private university

後半句不必重複寫出 the tuition,可用代替詞 that 代替:

the tuition of a public university
lower than that of a private university

that 可代替前面提到的單數可數名詞或不可數名詞;those 則代替複數名詞。

本題的中心名詞是不可數名詞 tuition,因此使用單數形式 that。

解題方法

先找出比較對象的完整形式:

The tuition of a public university is lower than the tuition of a private university.

兩邊比較的是同一類事物「學費」,不能比較「公立大學的學費」與「私立大學本身」。為避免第二個 the tuition 重複,可將它改為 that:

The tuition of a public university is lower than that of a private university.

因此空格應填 that of,對應選項 (C) that of。

選項分析

(A) which of

which 是疑問代名詞或關係代名詞,通常需要搭配適當的句法結構,例如:

Which of the universities is cheaper?

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第 15 題2 分

Because of the Eskimos' constant exposure to cold weather, they have long recognized ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「名詞片語結構」與「固定搭配」:

  • need for + 名詞:表示「對……的需要」。
  • the body’s need for fat:表示「身體對脂肪的需要」。
  • recognize 可接名詞片語,意為「認知到、了解到……」。

句型為:

recognize + 名詞片語

因此空格需要填入一個完整、語意合理的名詞片語。

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句為:

Because of the Eskimos' constant exposure to cold weather, they have long recognized ____.

翻譯:

由於愛斯基摩人長期暴露在寒冷的天氣中,他們早已認知到____。

寒冷環境會增加身體維持體溫所需的能量,因此「身體對脂肪的需要」在語意上合理,完整句意為:

由於長期暴露在寒冷天氣中,愛斯基摩人早已認知到身體對脂肪的需要。

解題方法

先觀察 recognized 後面的空格位置。recognize 在此處後接名詞片語,因此答案必須具備完整的名詞片語結構。

選項 A 的結構如下:

  • the body’s:身體的
  • need:需要
  • for fat:對脂肪的

合起來是:

the body's need for fat
身體對脂肪的需要

文法完整,且符合題幹的語意。

選項分析

(A) the body's need for fat

正確。

the body's need for fat 是完整的名詞片語,符合:

recognize + 名詞片語

其中 the body’s 是所有格,need for fat 是「對脂肪的需要」。此選項同時符合文法與語意。

(B) and body's need for fat

錯誤。

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第 16 題2 分

The employees recruited to work in the factory complained that they were not accustomed ____ a time card.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「be accustomed to」的固定用法,以及介系詞 to 後接動名詞的規則。

be accustomed to 表示「習慣於……」,其中 to 是介系詞,因此後面須接:

  • 名詞:be accustomed to the work
  • 動名詞:be accustomed to working

本題空格後若接動作「打卡」,應使用動名詞 punching:

be accustomed to punching a time card
習慣打卡

注意:此處的 to 不是不定詞符號,因此不能接原形動詞 punch。


解題方法

先找出題幹中的固定片語:

they were not accustomed ____ a time card.

be accustomed to 是完整片語,意思是「習慣於……」。由於 to 為介系詞,後面必須接名詞或動名詞。

punch 是動詞「打、按」,punching 是動名詞,作為介系詞 to 的受詞:

accustomed to + punching

因此完整句子為:

The employees recruited to work in the factory complained that they were not accustomed to punching a time card.

翻譯:

被招募到工廠工作的員工抱怨,他們不習慣打卡。

題幹中定位答案的關鍵句就是:

they were not accustomed ____ a time card.

其中 accustomed to 已構成固定用法,空格後的動作應改為動名詞 punching。


選項分析

(A) to punching:正確

to 是介系詞,punching 是動名詞,符合:

be accustomed to + 名詞/動名詞

punch a time card 是「打卡」的意思,因此 punching a time card 表示「打卡這件事」。


(B) to punch:錯誤

此選項形成:

accustomed to punch

這是把 to 誤認為不定詞符號。accustomed to 中的 to 是介系詞,後面不可直接接原形動詞。

比較:

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第 17 題2 分

Americans have come to fear the West Nile virus, ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考兩個重點:

  1. 因果關係的連接詞
  • because + 主詞 + 動詞:表示「因為……」。
  • 空格後若要接完整子句,應使用 because。
  1. 被動語態
  • be transmitted by ...:表示「被……傳播」。
  • West Nile virus 是「被蚊子傳播」,因此使用被動語態 is transmitted。

題幹主句為:

Americans have come to fear the West Nile virus, ____.

the West Nile virus 是被害者,空格內容須說明「美國人為什麼害怕西尼羅病毒」。

解題方法

先判斷空格後的結構:

  • being transmitted:動名詞或現在分詞片語,沒有明確主詞。
  • for transmitting:介系詞 for 後接動名詞,但為主動語態。
  • because it is transmitted:because 後接完整子句,包含主詞 it 與動詞 is transmitted。
  • for being transmitted:介系詞 for 後接被動動名詞。

本句需要表達完整且清楚的原因:「因為西尼羅病毒是由一般蚊子傳播的」。因此使用:

because it is transmitted by the common mosquito

完整句為:

Americans have come to fear the West Nile virus, because it is transmitted by the common mosquito.

翻譯:

美國人逐漸開始害怕西尼羅病毒,因為它是由一般蚊子傳播的。

其中:

  • it 指前面的 the West Nile virus。
  • is transmitted 是現在式被動語態。
  • by the common mosquito 表示傳播的媒介或施動者。

選項分析

(A) being transmitted by the common mosquito

being transmitted 是被動分詞片語,缺乏明確主詞。若直接接在逗號後,通常會使分詞片語的邏輯主詞與主句主詞 Americans 相連,形成近似:

美國人被一般蚊子傳播,因此害怕西尼羅病毒。

這在語意上不合理。真正被傳播的是 the West Nile virus,不是 Americans。因此錯誤。

(B) for transmitting by the common mosquito

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第 18 題2 分

We are ____ the poor.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查固定搭配:

be dedicated to + V-ing

其中:

  • dedicated:致力於、奉獻於
  • 第一個 to 是介系詞,不是不定詞符號
  • 介系詞後面必須接名詞或動名詞,因此應接 helping
  • the poor:窮人、貧困者,屬於「the + 形容詞」表示某一類人的用法

題幹完整句為:

We are dedicated to helping the poor.
我們致力於幫助貧困者。

因此正確答案是 (D)。


解題方法

先觀察句型:

We are dedicated to ____ the poor.

主詞為 We,後面使用 be 動詞 are,因此空格前的 dedicated 是形容詞,形成:

be dedicated to + 受詞

此處的 to 是介系詞。介系詞後面不能直接接原形動詞,必須接名詞或動名詞:

dedicated to helping the poor

其中 helping 是動名詞,作介系詞 to 的受詞。


選項分析

(A) ourselves dedicated to help

錯誤原因有二:

  1. to 是介系詞,後面應接動名詞,不能接原形動詞 help。應改為:

dedicated to helping

  1. ourselves 放在此處沒有必要,且整體排列不符合本題所需的固定句型。

正確表達可寫成:

We are dedicated to helping the poor ourselves.
我們自己致力於幫助貧困者。


(B) dedicated ourselves to help

錯誤原因有二:

  1. dedicate oneself to 是主動句型,表示「使自己致力於……」:
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第 19 題2 分

Joel’s collection includes ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「多個形容詞排列順序」。英文中,名詞前若同時出現數量、大小、年代與材質等修飾語,通常依下列順序排列:

數量/限定詞 → 大小 → 年齡或年代 → 材質 → 名詞

本題各字的詞性與功能如下:

  • four:數量,四個
  • small:大小,小的
  • antique:年代、古老程度,古董的
  • silver:材質,銀製的
  • coins:名詞,硬幣

因此正確排列為:

four → small → antique → silver → coins

解題方法

先找出中心名詞 coins,再將前面的修飾語依形容詞慣用順序排列:

數量→大小→年代→材質→名詞\text{數量} \rightarrow \text{大小} \rightarrow \text{年代} \rightarrow \text{材質} \rightarrow \text{名詞}

套入本題:

four→small→antique→silver→coins\text{four} \rightarrow \text{small} \rightarrow \text{antique} \rightarrow \text{silver} \rightarrow \text{coins}

完整句子為:

Joel’s collection includes four small antique silver coins.

翻譯為:

Joel 的收藏包括四枚小型的古董銀幣。

題幹中定位答案的句子是:

Joel’s collection includes four small antique silver coins.

其中 includes 是「包括」,後面接名詞片語;名詞片語的核心是 coins,其前方的四個字必須依照形容詞排列規則排序。

選項分析

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第 20 題2 分

____ joint, the knee is among the most frequently injured.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考兩個重點:

  1. 分詞片語作原因或背景說明
  2. 複合形容詞 weight-bearing 的正確用法

題幹主句為:

the knee is among the most frequently injured.
膝關節是最常受傷的部位之一。

句首空格後接逗號,應填入一個分詞片語,補充說明「膝關節為何容易受傷」。完整句為:

Being a weight-bearing joint, the knee is among the most frequently injured.
由於膝關節是承重關節,因此它是最常受傷的部位之一。

解題方法

句首的 Being + 名詞片語 是現在分詞片語,主詞與主句主詞相同,皆為 the knee:

  • Being a weight-bearing joint
    = Because it is a weight-bearing joint
    = 因為它是承重關節

還原成完整的原因子句如下:

Because the knee is a weight-bearing joint, it is among the most frequently injured.

將 Because the knee is 簡化為分詞片語,即形成:

Being a weight-bearing joint, the knee...

因此,空格應填 Being a weight-bearing。

此外,表示「承受重量的、承重的」要使用 weight-bearing。其中:

  • weight:重量
  • bearing:承受、支撐
  • weight-bearing joint:承重關節

選項分析

(A) Being a weight-bearing

正確。

Being 是現在分詞,句首分詞片語可表示原因或背景;a weight-bearing joint 意為「一個承重關節」。整句語意與文法均通順:

Being a weight-bearing joint, the knee is among the most frequently injured.

膝關節因為承受身體重量,容易受到傷害,因此成為最常受傷的關節之一。

(B) Being a weight-born

錯誤。

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第 21 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Around 4000 years ago, in an important step in their socioeconomic evolution, people started to breed animals and process their milk. That’s when cheese was born. We say “born” because cheese cannot really be said to have been “invented.” It must have resulted from the simple observation that milk left in a container ends up changing to a solid state. This might be considered the first technological cheese-making discovery.

While Cheddar is the most popular cheese in the world today, a trend in modern cheese making is to invent new kinds of cheeses. Scientific advances in the study of nutrition have prompted shifts in consumer preferences, resulting in a sizable market for low fat cheeses, and even vegetarian cheeses made from soybeans instead of milk. Furthermore, as the human diet becomes more varied, there is also a trend towards cheeses with gourmet additives, such as salmon or dill flavorings.

So here’s food for thought: if Asia continues its fascination with Western culture, and cheese makers continue to invent new products for new markets, it is possible that one day we will even see a stinky tofu cheese! If you ever saw such a cheese on the supermarket shelf, would you be even slightly tempted to buy some?

According to this article, human eating habits have improved in terms of which of the following options?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考閱讀理解中的「資訊統整」與「語意判斷」。題目詢問人類飲食習慣在哪兩方面有所改善,必須將文章中分散於不同句子的資訊合併判斷,而非只尋找與選項完全相同的單字。

文章提到:

  • 科學研究促使消費者重視食品的 nutrition(營養)。
  • 人類飲食變得更加 varied(多樣化)。

因此,正確答案為 Nutrition and variety。

定位答案的關鍵句

文章第二段指出:

Scientific advances in the study of nutrition have prompted shifts in consumer preferences, resulting in a sizable market for low fat cheeses, and even vegetarian cheeses made from soybeans instead of milk.

翻譯:

營養研究的科學進展促使消費者的偏好產生變化,因而形成了低脂乳酪,甚至是以黃豆而非牛奶製成的素食乳酪之龐大市場。

同一段又指出:

Furthermore, as the human diet becomes more varied, there is also a trend towards cheeses with gourmet additives, such as salmon or dill flavorings.

翻譯:

此外,隨著人類飲食變得更加多樣化,乳酪也出現添加鮭魚或蒔蘿風味等高級配料的趨勢。

題目將 nutrition 與 variety 統整為人類飲食習慣改善的兩個面向,因此選 (B)。

解題方法

第一步,找出題目中的關鍵概念:

  • human eating habits:人類飲食習慣
  • improved:改善、進步
  • in terms of:就……方面而言

第二步,回文章尋找與「飲食進步」有關的資訊。文章沒有直接使用 improved 一字,而是透過以下內容呈現飲食發展:

  1. 營養科學進步,帶來低脂乳酪與豆製素食乳酪。
  2. 飲食內容變得更有變化,出現鮭魚、蒔蘿等特殊口味。

第三步,將文章資訊與選項中的名詞配對:

  • nutrition 對應營養科學與低脂、素食乳酪。
  • variety 對應人類飲食變得更加多樣化。

所以答案是 (B) Nutrition and variety。

選項分析

(A) Preferences and markets

錯誤。

文章確實提到:

  • consumer preferences:消費者偏好
  • market:市場

但這兩者是乳酪產業因應消費需求而產生的結果,不是題目所問「人類飲食習慣改善的面向」。題目問的是飲食內容與品質的變化,應選 nutrition 與 variety,而非消費者偏好與市場規模。

(B) Nutrition and variety

正確。

  • nutrition 指營養,文章以營養研究、低脂乳酪及豆製素食乳酪作為例子。
  • variety 指多樣性,文章明確說明 the human diet becomes more varied,並舉鮭魚、蒔蘿等特殊口味為例。

兩者都直接符合文章對飲食發展的描述。

(C) Animals and milk

錯誤。

文章第一段提到人類開始:

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第 22 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Around 4000 years ago, in an important step in their socioeconomic evolution, people started to breed animals and process their milk. That’s when cheese was born. We say “born” because cheese cannot really be said to have been “invented.” It must have resulted from the simple observation that milk left in a container ends up changing to a solid state. This might be considered the first technological cheese-making discovery.

While Cheddar is the most popular cheese in the world today, a trend in modern cheese making is to invent new kinds of cheeses. Scientific advances in the study of nutrition have prompted shifts in consumer preferences, resulting in a sizable market for low fat cheeses, and even vegetarian cheeses made from soybeans instead of milk. Furthermore, as the human diet becomes more varied, there is also a trend towards cheeses with gourmet additives, such as salmon or dill flavorings.

So here’s food for thought: if Asia continues its fascination with Western culture, and cheese makers continue to invent new products for new markets, it is possible that one day we will even see a stinky tofu cheese! If you ever saw such a cheese on the supermarket shelf, would you be even slightly tempted to buy some?

Modern cheese marketing trends can best be described as ____.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨與概括能力」,並測驗考生能否區分:

  • 文章主旨:全文要表達的核心概念。
  • 細節資訊:文章中提到的個別例子。
  • 推論與假設:作者為說明觀點而提出的未來情境。

文章的重點不是某一種特定乳酪,而是現代乳酪製造者會依據消費者偏好與市場需求,持續開發新產品。因此,最適合概括現代乳酪行銷趨勢的選項是 market-driven invention,即「由市場需求驅動的創新」。

解題方法

題目問:

Modern cheese marketing trends can best be described as ____.

句型 can best be described as + 名詞或名詞片語,意思是「最適合被描述為……」。解題時應尋找能涵蓋整段文章的概念,而不是只找文章中出現過的字。

定位答案的關鍵句為:

Scientific advances in the study of nutrition have prompted shifts in consumer preferences, resulting in a sizable market for low fat cheeses, and even vegetarian cheeses made from soybeans instead of milk.

翻譯:

營養學研究的科學進展促使消費者偏好產生變化,因而形成了對低脂乳酪,甚至是以黃豆而非牛奶製成的素食乳酪之龐大市場。

這句指出消費者偏好改變,進而形成新的市場需求;製造者便因應需求開發低脂乳酪與素食乳酪。

另一個直接支持答案的句子是:

If Asia continues its fascination with Western culture, and cheese makers continue to invent new products for new markets, it is possible that one day we will even see a stinky tofu cheese!

翻譯:

如果亞洲持續迷戀西方文化,而乳酪製造者也持續為新的市場創造新產品,那麼有一天我們甚至可能會看到臭豆腐乳酪!

其中 invent new products for new markets 明確呈現「為了新市場而創造新產品」,正是 market-driven invention 的概念。

選項分析

(A) market-driven invention

正確。
market-driven 意為「由市場需求驅動的」;invention 在此可理解為「創新、開發新產品」。文章提到:

  • 消費者偏好改變,帶動低脂乳酪市場。
  • 素食需求促成黃豆乳酪。
  • 飲食變得多樣化,促成加入鮭魚、蒔蘿等口味的高級乳酪。
  • 新市場的需求促使製造者持續創造新種類。

因此,現代乳酪行銷趨勢可概括為「市場需求驅動的產品創新」。

(B) Cheddar popularity

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第 23 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Around 4000 years ago, in an important step in their socioeconomic evolution, people started to breed animals and process their milk. That’s when cheese was born. We say “born” because cheese cannot really be said to have been “invented.” It must have resulted from the simple observation that milk left in a container ends up changing to a solid state. This might be considered the first technological cheese-making discovery.

While Cheddar is the most popular cheese in the world today, a trend in modern cheese making is to invent new kinds of cheeses. Scientific advances in the study of nutrition have prompted shifts in consumer preferences, resulting in a sizable market for low fat cheeses, and even vegetarian cheeses made from soybeans instead of milk. Furthermore, as the human diet becomes more varied, there is also a trend towards cheeses with gourmet additives, such as salmon or dill flavorings.

So here’s food for thought: if Asia continues its fascination with Western culture, and cheese makers continue to invent new products for new markets, it is possible that one day we will even see a stinky tofu cheese! If you ever saw such a cheese on the supermarket shelf, would you be even slightly tempted to buy some?

According to this article, which of the following statements is NOT true?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是閱讀理解中的「找出不符合文章內容」題,重點在於:

  1. 辨認文章的明確敘述。
  2. 判斷選項是否與原文相符。
  3. 注意選項是否加入原文沒有支持的資訊,尤其是時間、因果與修飾語。

文章主旨是介紹起司的起源、現代起司製作的發展,以及未來可能出現更多特殊口味的起司。


解題方法

本題應逐一將選項與文章中的關鍵句比對:

  • 若選項能由原文直接找到依據,判定為正確。
  • 若選項雖非原文逐字出現,但可由文章合理推論,仍可判定為正確。
  • 若選項加入原文未提及,甚至與原文相反的資訊,則為錯誤選項。

題目問的是 NOT true,因此要找「不正確」的敘述。


關鍵原文定位與翻譯

1. 起司的起源

It must have resulted from the simple observation that milk left in a container ends up changing to a solid state.

起司必定是源自一項簡單的觀察:留在容器中的牛奶最後會變成固體狀態。

此句說明牛奶經過自然變化而形成固體,支持選項 A。

2. Cheddar 的地位

While Cheddar is the most popular cheese in the world today, a trend in modern cheese making is to invent new kinds of cheeses.

雖然 Cheddar 是現今世界上最受歡迎的起司,但現代起司製作的一項趨勢,是發明新的起司種類。

此句將 Cheddar 與「現代起司製作的新趨勢」分開說明,並沒有說 Cheddar 是現代起司,也沒有說 Cheddar 添加了特殊風味。

3. 低脂與素食起司

Scientific advances in the study of nutrition have prompted shifts in consumer preferences, resulting in a sizable market for low fat cheeses, and even vegetarian cheeses made from soybeans instead of milk.

營養學研究的科學進展促使消費者偏好改變,因而形成了相當大的低脂起司市場,甚至也形成了以黃豆取代牛奶製成的素食起司市場。

此句支持選項 C。

4. 起司口味的多樣化

There is also a trend towards cheeses with gourmet additives, such as salmon or dill flavorings.

目前也有一種趨勢,是在起司中加入鮭魚、蒔蘿等精緻食材或風味。

文章最後又提到未來甚至可能出現臭豆腐起司,因此可推知起司口味可以非常多元,支持選項 B。


選項分析

(A) Cheese originated as the result of a natural transformation of milk.

起司源自牛奶的自然轉變。

正確。

文章指出,起司的形成來自牛奶留在容器中後自然變成固體狀態。這種由液態牛奶轉為固態物質的變化,是起司製作的最初發現。

關鍵對應:

  • originated:起源於
  • natural transformation:自然轉變
  • milk:牛奶

(B) Virtually any flavor of cheese is imaginable.

幾乎任何口味的起司都可以想像得到。

正確。

文章提到現代起司加入鮭魚、蒔蘿等特殊風味,最後更以「臭豆腐起司」作為假設例子。這表示起司的口味可以持續創新,幾乎任何風味都具有想像空間。

關鍵對應:

  • virtually:幾乎、實際上
  • flavor:口味、風味
  • imaginable:可以想像的
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第 24 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Passage 2: Questions 24–27 refer to the following advertisement.

ONCE-A-YEAR SUMMER SALE!
SAVE $100 OR MORE!

This month only, every membership plan is substantially reduced. That’s great! But the real excitement at HRC comes from what people do.

Nautilus

Ours is the most complete and advanced equipment available.

Free Classes

We offer over 120 free classes each week including aerobic and tap dance, calisthenics, yoga and more. You’ll also enjoy free clinics in racquetball, squash and tennis. Don’t forget about our whirlpools, saunas and swimming pools either.

Guarantee

Come to HRC for 3 days. If all that action leaves you less than satisfied you’ll get a full refund.

5 Locations

By the way, your membership allows you to use all 5 locations in Manhattan 7 days a week.

Give us a call or drop by for more information.

Sale Ends Aug. 31st!
NEW YORK HEALTH & RACQUET CLUB

The advertisement emphasizes ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查廣告閱讀中的「主旨判斷」:辨認廣告最強調的核心賣點,而非只挑選文章中曾提到的細節。

標題與結尾通常是廣告主旨的重要線索。本篇反覆強調:

  • ONCE-A-YEAR SUMMER SALE:一年一次的夏季特賣
  • SAVE $100 OR MORE!:省下 100 美元以上
  • every membership plan is substantially reduced:每種會員方案大幅降價
  • Sale Ends Aug. 31st!:特賣於 8 月 31 日結束

因此,廣告的主要訴求是「降低費用、限時特價」。

解題方法

先閱讀標題,再觀察內文是否重複支持標題。本文第一行直接以大寫標示:

ONCE-A-YEAR SUMMER SALE! SAVE $100 OR MORE!
一年一次的夏季特賣!省下 100 美元以上!

內文接著補充:

This month only, every membership plan is substantially reduced.
只有本月,每種會員方案都大幅降價。

substantially reduced 是「大幅降低」之意,直接指向會員費用下降。其他段落雖介紹設備、課程、保證與分店,但這些都是用來增加會員方案吸引力的附加資訊;整則廣告的首要宣傳重點仍是特價。

關鍵單字與片語

  • once-a-year:一年一次的
  • summer sale:夏季特賣
  • `save
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第 25 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Passage 2: Questions 24–27 refer to the following advertisement.

ONCE-A-YEAR SUMMER SALE!
SAVE $100 OR MORE!

This month only, every membership plan is substantially reduced. That’s great! But the real excitement at HRC comes from what people do.

Nautilus

Ours is the most complete and advanced equipment available.

Free Classes

We offer over 120 free classes each week including aerobic and tap dance, calisthenics, yoga and more. You’ll also enjoy free clinics in racquetball, squash and tennis. Don’t forget about our whirlpools, saunas and swimming pools either.

Guarantee

Come to HRC for 3 days. If all that action leaves you less than satisfied you’ll get a full refund.

5 Locations

By the way, your membership allows you to use all 5 locations in Manhattan 7 days a week.

Give us a call or drop by for more information.

Sale Ends Aug. 31st!
NEW YORK HEALTH & RACQUET CLUB

It can be inferred that if you join the club ____.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「閱讀理解中的合理推論」以及廣告文案的語意判斷。題目不是尋找文章中逐字出現的資訊,而是根據健身俱樂部提供的設備、課程與運動設施,推論加入會員後最可能帶來的結果。

關鍵在於:

  • club 提供先進健身器材(Nautilus)
  • 每週提供超過 120 堂免費課程
  • 課程包含有氧運動、健美操、瑜伽等
  • 另有游泳池、按摩池、三溫暖等設施

這些內容共同暗示會員能夠透過規律運動改善身體狀況,因此選項 C 最符合廣告整體語意。

解題方法

先辨認題幹:

It can be inferred that if you join the club ____.

意思是:「可以推論,如果你加入這間俱樂部,____。」

解題時應區分:

  1. 廣告中直接陳述的事實;
  2. 加入會員後必然發生的事情;
  3. 根據廣告內容合理推論出的效果;
  4. 只有在特定條件下才會發生的事情。

文章中最能支持答案的內容是:

We offer over 120 free classes each week including aerobic and tap dance, calisthenics, yoga and more.

翻譯:「我們每週提供超過 120 堂免費課程,包括有氧運動、踢踏舞、健美操、瑜伽等。」

此外,文章也提到:

Ours is the most complete and advanced equipment available.

翻譯:「我們擁有現有最完整、最先進的設備。」

由運動器材、各類健身課程與運動設施,可以合理推論加入會員後有助於改善身體狀況。

關鍵單字與片語

  • once-a-year:一年一度的
  • summer sale:夏季特賣
  • save:節省
  • membership plan:會員方案
  • substantially reduced:大幅降低
  • equipment:設備、器材
  • available:可取得的、現有的
  • free classes:免費課程
  • aerobic:有氧運動
  • tap dance:踢踏舞
  • calisthenics:健美操
  • whirlpool:按摩池、水療池
  • sauna:三溫暖
  • swimming pool:游泳池
  • guarantee:保證
  • refund:退款
  • location:據點、分館
  • allow:允許
  • drop by:順道拜訪
  • infer:推論
  • be satisfied:感到滿意

文法與語意重點

1. It can be inferred that...

It can be inferred that... 是被動語態,意思是「可以推論……」。

其中 infer 表示「根據已知資訊推論」,因此後面的答案必須是由文章內容合理推導出的結果,不必在原文中逐字出現。

2. if 引導條件句

題幹中的:

if you join the club

表示「如果你加入這間俱樂部」。

選項內容必須與「加入會員後」的結果有合理關聯,且不能只是廣告中的其他獨立資訊。

3. membership allows you to use...

文章寫道:

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第 26 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Passage 2: Questions 24–27 refer to the following advertisement.

ONCE-A-YEAR SUMMER SALE!
SAVE $100 OR MORE!

This month only, every membership plan is substantially reduced. That’s great! But the real excitement at HRC comes from what people do.

Nautilus

Ours is the most complete and advanced equipment available.

Free Classes

We offer over 120 free classes each week including aerobic and tap dance, calisthenics, yoga and more. You’ll also enjoy free clinics in racquetball, squash and tennis. Don’t forget about our whirlpools, saunas and swimming pools either.

Guarantee

Come to HRC for 3 days. If all that action leaves you less than satisfied you’ll get a full refund.

5 Locations

By the way, your membership allows you to use all 5 locations in Manhattan 7 days a week.

Give us a call or drop by for more information.

Sale Ends Aug. 31st!
NEW YORK HEALTH & RACQUET CLUB

From the context of the expression free clinics, it must mean ____.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「一字多義」與「語境判讀」。clinic 除了可指醫療診所,也可指由專業人士提供的短期課程、講習或技術指導;free 在此處則是「免費的、不收費的」。

因此,free clinics in racquetball, squash and tennis 應解釋為「免費的壁球、英式壁球與網球指導課程」。

定位答案的原文

You’ll also enjoy free clinics in racquetball, squash and tennis.

你也可以免費參加壁球、英式壁球與網球的指導課程。

前文已提到:

We offer over 120 free classes each week including aerobic and tap dance, calisthenics, yoga and more.

我們每週提供超過 120 堂免費課程,包括有氧運動、踢踏舞、健美操、瑜伽等。

這兩句並列介紹俱樂部提供的免費運動課程與指導活動。racquetball, squash and tennis 都是運動項目,並非醫療項目,因此 clinics 在此是「運動技巧講習課程」之意。

解題方法

先觀察 clinic 後面的搭配:

  • clinic in racquetball
  • clinic in squash
  • clinic in tennis

這些名詞都是球類運動。運動俱樂部通常會舉辦由教練示範、講解和指導技巧的 clinic,中文可翻成「技術講習」、「訓練課程」或「指導課」。

再判斷 free 的意思。廣告前後文持續強調會員福利與免費服務,例如:

  • free classes:免費課程
  • free clinics:免費指導課程
  • full refund:全額退款

所以 free clinics 是「不收費的運動指導課程」。

選項分析

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第 27 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Passage 2: Questions 24–27 refer to the following advertisement.

ONCE-A-YEAR SUMMER SALE!
SAVE $100 OR MORE!

This month only, every membership plan is substantially reduced. That’s great! But the real excitement at HRC comes from what people do.

Nautilus

Ours is the most complete and advanced equipment available.

Free Classes

We offer over 120 free classes each week including aerobic and tap dance, calisthenics, yoga and more. You’ll also enjoy free clinics in racquetball, squash and tennis. Don’t forget about our whirlpools, saunas and swimming pools either.

Guarantee

Come to HRC for 3 days. If all that action leaves you less than satisfied you’ll get a full refund.

5 Locations

By the way, your membership allows you to use all 5 locations in Manhattan 7 days a week.

Give us a call or drop by for more information.

Sale Ends Aug. 31st!
NEW YORK HEALTH & RACQUET CLUB

Membership in the club enables you to enjoy ____ in winter.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查廣告內容理解與語意推論,重點是根據會員可使用的俱樂部設施,判斷冬季仍能享受的活動。

關鍵句為:

“Don’t forget about our whirlpools, saunas and swimming pools either.”
「也別忘了我們的按摩池、三溫暖與游泳池。」

文章介紹 HRC 提供的設施,其中包括游泳池;廣告並未限定游泳池只能在夏季使用。因此,會員在冬季仍可使用游泳池。

解題方法

題幹問:

Membership in the club enables you to enjoy ____ in winter.
加入本俱樂部使你能在冬季享受__。

解題時先找出文章中「會員可以享受的設施或活動」,再判斷哪個選項能自然放入句中。

文章提到:

  • whirlpools:按摩池
  • saunas:三溫暖
  • swimming pools:游泳池
  • free classes:免費課程
  • membership allows you to use all 5 locations:會員可使用五個分館

四個選項中,只有 swimming 能表示會員在冬季享受的運動或設施。句子可理解為:

Membership in the club enables you to enjoy swimming in winter.
加入俱樂部使你能在冬季享受游泳。

關鍵單字與片語

  • once-a-year:一年一次的
  • summer sale:夏季特賣
  • membership plan:會員方案
  • substantially reduced:大幅降低
  • equipment:設備
  • free classes:免費課程
  • whirlpool:按摩池
  • sauna:三溫暖
  • swimming pool:游泳池
  • full refund:全額退款
  • location:分館、據點
  • enable A to V:使 A 能夠做某事
  • drop by:順道拜訪
  • in winter:在冬季

選項分析

(A) the cold

the cold 意為「寒冷」或「感冒」。句子變成:

Membership in the club enables you to enjoy the cold in winter.

「在冬天享受寒冷」與健身俱樂部提供設備及活動的廣告語境不合,也不是會員加入俱樂部後可享受的服務,因此錯誤。

(B) a full refund

a full refund 意為「全額退款」。文章中的退款保證是:

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第 28 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Of all the accessories and adornments to garments one perhaps pays least of all attention to buttons. Functional and often unexciting, replaced by zip fasteners or hooks and eyes there is, one would think, nothing much to be said about the humble button.

Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that they had any practical function until the 13th century. By the 14th century buttons were once again ornamental, often lavishly so, to such an extent that it was by no means uncommon for a person of wealth and consequence to have as many as 300 buttons on a single article of dress. Unimaginable as it seems today, sewing superfluous buttons on clothes became a craze—not one that seems harmful to us though some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms; penalty for disobedience—a sound whipping. (How often this had to be carried out, history does not relate!)

Most of the buttons on modern clothes which could be called decorative once did in fact serve a useful purpose. Buttons on boots are one good example. Sleeve buttons on men’s coats are a reminder of the days when the fashion was for wearing shirts with frilly lace cuffs.

On the tails of a modern tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but in earlier days horsemen used these buttons to keep the tails out of harm’s way.

With regard to the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress was buttoned on the left hand side. Changes came when men had to have access to their swords.

So perhaps it is worth taking a look at buttons.

Buttons are ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「文章細節理解」與「同義改寫」。題目要求根據首段對 buttons 的描述,判斷其在服飾配件中的地位。

關鍵原文為:

“Of all the accessories and adornments to garments one perhaps pays least of all attention to buttons.”

意思是:「在所有服裝的配件與裝飾品中,人們大概最不注意的就是鈕扣。」

其中:

  • accessory:配件、飾品
  • adornment:裝飾品、裝飾
  • garment:衣服、服裝
  • pay attention to:注意
  • least of all:最不……、尤其不……
  • functional:具有實用功能的
  • unexciting:不起眼的、不令人感興趣的
  • humble button:不起眼的鈕扣

因此,文章直接指出:鈕扣是服裝配件與裝飾品中「最不受注意的一類」。

解題方法

先找出題幹所依據的原文,再將選項與原文進行「範圍、程度、語意方向」的比對。

原文的邏輯是:

Of all the accessories and adornments → one pays least attention to buttons

也就是「鈕扣是眾多配件與裝飾品之中,最少受到注意的其中一項」。

選項 B:

one of the accessories and adornments which receives least attention

可理解為「最少受到注意的配件與裝飾品之一」,與原文意義相符,因此選 B。

此處的 one of + 複數名詞 表示「……之一」,正好對應「鈕扣是配件與裝飾品中的一項」,而不是說鈕扣是唯一受到忽略的配件。

選項分析

(A) the only accessories and adornments one pays little attention to

錯誤。

  • the only 表示「唯一的」,語氣比原文強烈。
  • 原文只說人們「最不注意鈕扣」,沒有說鈕扣是唯一不受注意的配件。
  • accessories and adornments 是複數,但前面的 the only 在此語意上也不自然;若要表達「唯一的配件」,應有更明確的單數結構。

(A) 將「最少受到注意之一」誤改成「唯一受到較少注意的配件」,擴大並扭曲了原文範圍。

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第 29 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Of all the accessories and adornments to garments one perhaps pays least of all attention to buttons. Functional and often unexciting, replaced by zip fasteners or hooks and eyes there is, one would think, nothing much to be said about the humble button.

Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that they had any practical function until the 13th century. By the 14th century buttons were once again ornamental, often lavishly so, to such an extent that it was by no means uncommon for a person of wealth and consequence to have as many as 300 buttons on a single article of dress. Unimaginable as it seems today, sewing superfluous buttons on clothes became a craze—not one that seems harmful to us though some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms; penalty for disobedience—a sound whipping. (How often this had to be carried out, history does not relate!)

Most of the buttons on modern clothes which could be called decorative once did in fact serve a useful purpose. Buttons on boots are one good example. Sleeve buttons on men’s coats are a reminder of the days when the fashion was for wearing shirts with frilly lace cuffs.

On the tails of a modern tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but in earlier days horsemen used these buttons to keep the tails out of harm’s way.

With regard to the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress was buttoned on the left hand side. Changes came when men had to have access to their swords.

So perhaps it is worth taking a look at buttons.

Buttons have been used as ornaments ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「閱讀理解中的時間脈絡判讀」與片語 on and off 的語意。

句型為:

Buttons have been used as ornaments ____.

其中 have been used 是現在完成式被動語態,表示「從過去到現在曾被使用」。空格應填入能概括鈕扣在歷史上反覆扮演裝飾用途的時間副詞片語。

關鍵片語與單字

  • accessories:配件、飾品
  • adornments:裝飾品
  • garments:衣物、服裝
  • functional:具有實用功能的
  • ornamental:裝飾性的
  • practical function:實際功能
  • lavishly:奢華地、大量地
  • superfluous:多餘的、不必要的
  • craze:風潮、狂熱
  • disobedience:不服從、違抗
  • decorative:裝飾性的
  • frilly lace cuffs:有荷葉邊的蕾絲袖口
  • purely ornamental:純粹裝飾性的
  • on and off:斷斷續續地、時有時無地、反覆地

解題方法

先尋找文章中描述「鈕扣作為裝飾品」的時間線。文章明確指出:

“Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that they had any practical function until the 13th century.”

翻譯:
「然而,鈕扣很有可能一開始就是作為裝飾品出現的;可以確定的是,目前並不知道它們在 13 世紀以前具有任何實際功能。」

接著文章又說:

“By the 14th century buttons were once again ornamental...”

翻譯:
「到了 14 世紀,鈕扣又再次具有裝飾性……」

started life as ornaments 表示鈕扣最初具有裝飾用途;once again ornamental 表示經過一段時間後,又重新恢復裝飾用途。

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第 30 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Of all the accessories and adornments to garments one perhaps pays least of all attention to buttons. Functional and often unexciting, replaced by zip fasteners or hooks and eyes there is, one would think, nothing much to be said about the humble button.

Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that they had any practical function until the 13th century. By the 14th century buttons were once again ornamental, often lavishly so, to such an extent that it was by no means uncommon for a person of wealth and consequence to have as many as 300 buttons on a single article of dress. Unimaginable as it seems today, sewing superfluous buttons on clothes became a craze—not one that seems harmful to us though some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms; penalty for disobedience—a sound whipping. (How often this had to be carried out, history does not relate!)

Most of the buttons on modern clothes which could be called decorative once did in fact serve a useful purpose. Buttons on boots are one good example. Sleeve buttons on men’s coats are a reminder of the days when the fashion was for wearing shirts with frilly lace cuffs.

On the tails of a modern tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but in earlier days horsemen used these buttons to keep the tails out of harm’s way.

With regard to the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress was buttoned on the left hand side. Changes came when men had to have access to their swords.

So perhaps it is worth taking a look at buttons.

In the Italian city of Florence ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為閱讀理解題,考查:

  • 根據文章明確資訊定位答案
  • 代名詞與同義改寫
  • 選項範圍是否過度擴大
  • 字義與語境判讀

題目問:

In the Italian city of Florence ____.

意思是:「在義大利城市佛羅倫斯,______。」

答案必須回到文章中關於 Florence 的描述,而不能只憑常識推測。


解題方法

定位文章提到 Florence 的句子:

some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms; penalty for disobedience—a sound whipping.

翻譯:

有些義大利人持不同看法,因此佛羅倫斯施行了一項反對鈕扣的法律。不得在上臂部位穿戴鈕扣;違反規定的處罰是狠狠鞭打一頓。

第二句進一步具體說明法律內容:禁止在「上臂」穿戴鈕扣。因此正確答案是 buttons were forbidden to be worn on the upper arms。


關鍵單字與片語

  • accessory:配件、飾品
  • adornment:裝飾品
  • garment:衣服、服裝
  • functional:具有實際功能的
  • unexciting:不吸引人的、乏味的
  • zip fastener:拉鍊
  • hook and eye:鉤眼扣
  • humble:不起眼的、卑微的
  • ornament:裝飾品
  • practical function:實際功能
  • ornamental:裝飾性的
  • lavishly:奢華地、大量地
  • person of wealth and consequence:富有且有地位的人
  • superfluous:多餘的、不必要的
  • craze:一時流行的狂熱
  • enforce a law:執行法律
  • be forbidden to:被禁止……
  • penalty for disobedience:違反規定的處罰
  • whipping:鞭打
  • decorative:裝飾性的
  • serve a useful purpose:發揮實用作用
  • frilly lace cuffs:有荷葉邊的蕾絲袖口
  • purely ornamental:純粹裝飾性的
  • with regard to:關於、至於
  • have access to:能夠取得、方便使用

文法與語意重點

句子:

No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms.

其中:

  • No buttons:沒有任何鈕扣
  • were to be worn:被規定不得穿戴;be to + V 在此表示規定、命令或安排
  • on the upper arms:在上臂部位

No buttons were to be worn... 可改寫為:

Buttons were forbidden to be worn on the upper arms.

兩者語意完全相同,都是「禁止在上臂穿戴鈕扣」。

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第 31 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Of all the accessories and adornments to garments one perhaps pays least of all attention to buttons. Functional and often unexciting, replaced by zip fasteners or hooks and eyes there is, one would think, nothing much to be said about the humble button.

Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that they had any practical function until the 13th century. By the 14th century buttons were once again ornamental, often lavishly so, to such an extent that it was by no means uncommon for a person of wealth and consequence to have as many as 300 buttons on a single article of dress. Unimaginable as it seems today, sewing superfluous buttons on clothes became a craze—not one that seems harmful to us though some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms; penalty for disobedience—a sound whipping. (How often this had to be carried out, history does not relate!)

Most of the buttons on modern clothes which could be called decorative once did in fact serve a useful purpose. Buttons on boots are one good example. Sleeve buttons on men’s coats are a reminder of the days when the fashion was for wearing shirts with frilly lace cuffs.

On the tails of a modern tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but in earlier days horsemen used these buttons to keep the tails out of harm’s way.

With regard to the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress was buttoned on the left hand side. Changes came when men had to have access to their swords.

So perhaps it is worth taking a look at buttons.

The punishment of whipping ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「代名詞指涉」與「否定語意判讀」。

題目問:

The punishment of whipping ____.

空格要填入對前文「鞭刑究竟是否執行,以及執行頻率」的正確理解。關鍵在文章最後的括號句:

How often this had to be carried out, history does not relate!

其中:

  • this:指前文的 a sound whipping,即「一頓鞭打、鞭刑」。
  • carry out:執行、實施。
  • history does not relate:歷史沒有記載、史料沒有說明。
  • How often ...:多常、頻繁到什麼程度。

全句意為:

歷史並未記載這種鞭刑究竟執行過多少次。

這句只表示「執行次數不詳」,並沒有表示鞭刑從未執行。因此,最符合文意的是「鞭刑有被執行的可能,但不知道執行頻率」。

解題方法

先定位題目所問內容。前文提到,佛羅倫斯曾經制定禁止鈕扣的法律,若違反規定,處罰是:

penalty for disobedience—a sound whipping.

意為:

違反規定的處罰是一頓鞭打。

接著作者在括號中補充評論:

How often this had to be carried out, history does not relate!

作者沒有否定鞭刑的存在,而是指出歷史沒有記載「究竟執行了幾次」。因此可整理為:

  1. 法律規定違規者接受鞭刑。
  2. 文章沒有明確說明鞭刑是否頻繁執行。
  3. 「history does not relate」否定的是歷史記載的完整程度,不是鞭刑本身。
  4. 最合理的選項是:鞭刑可能曾被執行,但不知道執行次數。

定位原文與翻譯

關鍵原文:

How often this had to be carried out, history does not relate!

翻譯:

歷史沒有記載這種鞭刑究竟執行過多少次。

因此,選項 D 的內容正確掌握了原句的語意。

選項分析

(A) was often carried out

意為:

鞭刑經常被執行。

錯誤。原文只說歷史沒有記載執行頻率,並未表示「經常」執行。often 是「經常」,屬於原文沒有提供的資訊,不能自行推論。

(B) has been related in historical documents of the time

意為:

已經在當時的歷史文件中被記載。

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第 32 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Of all the accessories and adornments to garments one perhaps pays least of all attention to buttons. Functional and often unexciting, replaced by zip fasteners or hooks and eyes there is, one would think, nothing much to be said about the humble button.

Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that they had any practical function until the 13th century. By the 14th century buttons were once again ornamental, often lavishly so, to such an extent that it was by no means uncommon for a person of wealth and consequence to have as many as 300 buttons on a single article of dress. Unimaginable as it seems today, sewing superfluous buttons on clothes became a craze—not one that seems harmful to us though some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms; penalty for disobedience—a sound whipping. (How often this had to be carried out, history does not relate!)

Most of the buttons on modern clothes which could be called decorative once did in fact serve a useful purpose. Buttons on boots are one good example. Sleeve buttons on men’s coats are a reminder of the days when the fashion was for wearing shirts with frilly lace cuffs.

On the tails of a modern tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but in earlier days horsemen used these buttons to keep the tails out of harm’s way.

With regard to the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress was buttoned on the left hand side. Changes came when men had to have access to their swords.

So perhaps it is worth taking a look at buttons.

Buttons on the tails of a modern tail coat ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是閱讀理解,考查:

  • 代名詞與指示詞的指涉:these buttons 指前文的 buttons。
  • 文章細節定位:依據原文判斷選項,不可僅憑常識推測。
  • 時態與時間對比:modern 表示現代,earlier days 表示早期。

題目問的是:現代燕尾服尾部的鈕扣,在早期曾有何種用途。

關鍵字與片語

  • accessories:配件、飾品
  • adornments:裝飾品
  • garments:衣物、服裝
  • functional:具實用功能的
  • ornamental:裝飾性的
  • superfluous:多餘的、不必要的
  • tail coat:燕尾服
  • tails:衣服後方垂下的尾部
  • purely ornamental:純粹具有裝飾作用
  • keep A out of harm’s way:使 A 避免受到傷害或妨礙
  • with regard to:關於、至於
  • originally:起初、原本
  • access to:接觸或使用某物的機會

解題方法

先找題幹關鍵詞 tails of a modern tail coat,再回文章尋找相同資訊。定位答案的原文是:

On the tails of a modern tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but in earlier days horsemen used these buttons to keep the tails out of harm’s way.

翻譯:

現代燕尾服尾部的鈕扣確實純粹具有裝飾作用;但是在早期,騎馬者使用這些鈕扣,使燕尾服的尾部不致受到妨礙或損壞。

句中的 but 形成現代與過去的對比:

  • 現代:鈕扣是 purely ornamental,純裝飾用。
  • 早期:騎馬者曾使用這些鈕扣來保護衣服的尾部。

因此,正確意思是「這些鈕扣過去對騎馬者曾有實用功能」,符合選項 D。

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第 33 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Of all the accessories and adornments to garments one perhaps pays least of all attention to buttons. Functional and often unexciting, replaced by zip fasteners or hooks and eyes there is, one would think, nothing much to be said about the humble button.

Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that they had any practical function until the 13th century. By the 14th century buttons were once again ornamental, often lavishly so, to such an extent that it was by no means uncommon for a person of wealth and consequence to have as many as 300 buttons on a single article of dress. Unimaginable as it seems today, sewing superfluous buttons on clothes became a craze—not one that seems harmful to us though some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms; penalty for disobedience—a sound whipping. (How often this had to be carried out, history does not relate!)

Most of the buttons on modern clothes which could be called decorative once did in fact serve a useful purpose. Buttons on boots are one good example. Sleeve buttons on men’s coats are a reminder of the days when the fashion was for wearing shirts with frilly lace cuffs.

On the tails of a modern tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but in earlier days horsemen used these buttons to keep the tails out of harm’s way.

With regard to the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress was buttoned on the left hand side. Changes came when men had to have access to their swords.

So perhaps it is worth taking a look at buttons.

Male and female dress ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是閱讀理解與語意推論題,重點在於:

  1. 找出文章對「男女服裝扣鈕方向」的直接敘述。
  2. 注意時間變化:原本男女相同,後來因男性需要拔劍而改變。
  3. 由「男性改變、女性未提及改變」推論現今男女服裝的扣鈕方向不同。

定位答案的關鍵句

“With regard to the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress was buttoned on the left hand side. Changes came when men had to have access to their swords.”

翻譯:

「關於衣服扣鈕的方向,起初男性與女性的服裝都是在左側扣鈕。後來男性因為必須方便拿取佩劍,情況便有所改變。」

第一句說明「原本」男女服裝都在左側扣鈕;第二句的主詞是 men,表示後來是男性的扣鈕方向發生變化。因此可推知現代男性與女性服裝的扣鈕方向不同。

關鍵單字與片語

  • with regard to:關於,就……而言
  • the side on which clothes are buttoned:衣服扣鈕的那一側
  • originally:起初,原先
  • both A and B:A 與 B 兩者都……
  • male and female dress:男性與女性的服裝
  • be buttoned on the left-hand side:在左側扣鈕
  • changes came:情況發生改變
  • have access to:能夠取得、方便拿取
  • sword:劍,佩劍

解題方法

先抓住時間副詞 originally。它表示文章正在描述過去的情況:

男女服裝原本都在左側扣鈕。

接著看第二句:

“Changes came when men had to have access to their swords.”

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第 34 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The small platform became increasingly crowded and by quarter to nine (half an hour after the train was due) there was hardly space to move. Mostly the people were farmers and their wives going in to the local market town for market day. The elderly taxi which was all that the district boasted rattled and screeched its way into the station yard and shuddered to a halt just as the train finally rumbled into the station. Mrs. Smith, a stout elderly woman whom I knew well by sight, tumbled out clutching a shabby bag, a mackintosh and various parcels. Puffing and panting, she shoved her way through the crowd till she reached the engine, and, to my intense amusement, climbed up into the cab.

“Bill,” she bellowed above the noise of the train. “Sarah’s had the baby—it’s a boy!”

All the would-be passengers let out a cheer and I realized that of course Mrs. Smith was the engine driver’s aunt.

“Thanks!” said Bill. The engine gave out an ear-splitting whistle and we hastily climbed in.

Bill’s delight in his fatherhood expressed itself by the speed at which he drove the train and never have I had such a terrifying journey by rail.

The train ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  • 時間片語 quarter to nine 的判讀。
  • 括號補充資訊對前句的說明。
  • be due 表示「預定應該抵達」。
  • 由上下文判斷火車是否準時、誤點。

關鍵句定位

“by quarter to nine (half an hour after the train was due) there was hardly space to move.”

翻譯:「到了八點四十五分(也就是火車預定抵達時間過了半小時),幾乎已經沒有移動的空間。」

解題方法

  1. quarter to nine 是「距離九點還有一刻鐘」,即 8:45。
  2. 題幹明確說 8:45 是 half an hour after the train was due,表示此時已經比火車預定抵達時間晚了半小時。
  3. 因此火車原訂抵達時間為:
8:45−30分鐘=8:158{:}45-30\text{分鐘}=8{:}15
  1. 火車直到後文才「finally rumbled into the station」,即「終於隆隆駛進車站」,顯示火車已經誤點。

所以,火車在八點四十五分時已經遲到,正確答案為 (C)。

選項分析

(A) was due at a quarter to nine

錯誤。此選項表示「火車預定在八點四十五分抵達」,但原文說八點四十五分是 火車預定時間過了半小時,故預定時間應為八點十五分。

(B) had been due at a quarter past nine

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第 35 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The small platform became increasingly crowded and by quarter to nine (half an hour after the train was due) there was hardly space to move. Mostly the people were farmers and their wives going in to the local market town for market day. The elderly taxi which was all that the district boasted rattled and screeched its way into the station yard and shuddered to a halt just as the train finally rumbled into the station. Mrs. Smith, a stout elderly woman whom I knew well by sight, tumbled out clutching a shabby bag, a mackintosh and various parcels. Puffing and panting, she shoved her way through the crowd till she reached the engine, and, to my intense amusement, climbed up into the cab.

“Bill,” she bellowed above the noise of the train. “Sarah’s had the baby—it’s a boy!”

All the would-be passengers let out a cheer and I realized that of course Mrs. Smith was the engine driver’s aunt.

“Thanks!” said Bill. The engine gave out an ear-splitting whistle and we hastily climbed in.

Bill’s delight in his fatherhood expressed itself by the speed at which he drove the train and never have I had such a terrifying journey by rail.

The platform ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「閱讀理解中的同義改寫」,需辨認原文關鍵片語與選項之間的語意對應。

原文定位句:

The small platform became increasingly crowded

其中:

  • small platform:小月台
  • became:變得、逐漸成為
  • increasingly:越來越……
  • crowded:擁擠的

整句意思是:「這座小月台變得越來越擁擠。」

解題方法

選項中若出現與原文 increasingly crowded 意思相同的表達,即可判定答案。

increasingly + 形容詞表示「越來越……」,相當於:

  • increasingly crowded
  • more and more crowded

因此,原文可改寫為:

The platform became more and more crowded.

這正是選項 (A) 的內容。

此外,文章補充說明:

by quarter to nine ... there was hardly space to move.

意思是:「到了八點四十五分,幾乎沒有移動的空間。」

這進一步證明月台是持續變得更加擁擠,而非一開始就已經非常擁擠。

選項分析

(A) became more and more crowded

正確。
more and more crowded 是 increasingly crowded 的同義改寫,皆表示「變得越來越擁擠」。此選項完整保留原文「逐漸增加」的變化概念。

(B) was already very crowded

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第 36 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The small platform became increasingly crowded and by quarter to nine (half an hour after the train was due) there was hardly space to move. Mostly the people were farmers and their wives going in to the local market town for market day. The elderly taxi which was all that the district boasted rattled and screeched its way into the station yard and shuddered to a halt just as the train finally rumbled into the station. Mrs. Smith, a stout elderly woman whom I knew well by sight, tumbled out clutching a shabby bag, a mackintosh and various parcels. Puffing and panting, she shoved her way through the crowd till she reached the engine, and, to my intense amusement, climbed up into the cab.

“Bill,” she bellowed above the noise of the train. “Sarah’s had the baby—it’s a boy!”

All the would-be passengers let out a cheer and I realized that of course Mrs. Smith was the engine driver’s aunt.

“Thanks!” said Bill. The engine gave out an ear-splitting whistle and we hastily climbed in.

Bill’s delight in his fatherhood expressed itself by the speed at which he drove the train and never have I had such a terrifying journey by rail.

The author ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解,重點是:

  • 根據文章中的明確敘述判斷人物關係。
  • 分辨 know someone by sight 與真正熟識、交談的差異。
  • 排除把人物外貌、行為或情節結果誤當成作者態度的選項。

關鍵句為:

Mrs. Smith, a stout elderly woman whom I knew well by sight, tumbled out clutching a shabby bag, a mackintosh and various parcels.

意為:

Smith 太太是一位身材壯碩的老婦人,我只是在面容或外表上很熟悉她;她手提一只破舊的袋子、一件防水外套和幾個包裹,跌跌撞撞地下了車。

其中 knew well by sight 表示「只認得對方的臉、常見到對方」,不表示兩人曾經交談或有深厚交情。因此作者認識 Smith 太太,但並非熟識到會彼此交談。

解題方法

題目問:

The author ____ .
作者如何描述自己與 Smith 太太的關係?

直接尋找文章中描述作者與 Smith 太太關係的句子即可。文章沒有說作者討厭她,也沒有說以前從未見過她;相反地,明確寫出:

whom I knew well by sight

這表示作者以前常見到她、認得她的外貌,但僅止於「眼熟」,並未表示兩人曾經說話。因此符合官方答案的選項是 (B)。

關鍵單字與片語

  • platform:月台
  • increasingly crowded:越來越擁擠
  • quarter to nine:八點四十五分
  • half an hour after the train was due:比火車預定抵達時間晚了半小時
  • hardly space to move:幾乎沒有移動的空間
  • local market town:當地的市集城鎮
  • rattle and screech:發出喀啦聲與尖銳摩擦聲
  • shudder to a halt:劇烈震動後停下來
  • stout:身材壯碩的;肥胖的
  • elderly:年長的
  • by sight:憑外貌、只認得臉
  • shabby:破舊的、寒酸的
  • mackintosh:防水外套、雨衣
  • clutch:緊抓、抱住
  • tumble out:跌跌撞撞地出來
  • puffing and panting:喘著氣
  • shove one’s way through:推擠穿過人群
  • cab:火車駕駛室
  • bellow:大聲吼叫
  • above the noise:壓過噪音
  • would-be passengers:準備搭車的乘客
  • let out a cheer:發出歡呼聲
  • ear-splitting whistle:震耳欲聾的汽笛聲
  • terrifying journey:令人恐懼的旅程

文法與語意重點

句中的:

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第 37 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The small platform became increasingly crowded and by quarter to nine (half an hour after the train was due) there was hardly space to move. Mostly the people were farmers and their wives going in to the local market town for market day. The elderly taxi which was all that the district boasted rattled and screeched its way into the station yard and shuddered to a halt just as the train finally rumbled into the station. Mrs. Smith, a stout elderly woman whom I knew well by sight, tumbled out clutching a shabby bag, a mackintosh and various parcels. Puffing and panting, she shoved her way through the crowd till she reached the engine, and, to my intense amusement, climbed up into the cab.

“Bill,” she bellowed above the noise of the train. “Sarah’s had the baby—it’s a boy!”

All the would-be passengers let out a cheer and I realized that of course Mrs. Smith was the engine driver’s aunt.

“Thanks!” said Bill. The engine gave out an ear-splitting whistle and we hastily climbed in.

Bill’s delight in his fatherhood expressed itself by the speed at which he drove the train and never have I had such a terrifying journey by rail.

Mrs. Smith ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考閱讀理解,重點是:

  • 依據上下文判斷人物的動作與交通工具。
  • 辨識片語 tumble out 的語意。
  • 分辨句中主詞、動作與受詞,避免將不同人物或交通工具混淆。

定位答案的原文

“The elderly taxi which was all that the district boasted rattled and screeched its way into the station yard and shuddered to a halt just as the train finally rumbled into the station. Mrs. Smith, a stout elderly woman whom I knew well by sight, tumbled out clutching a shabby bag, a mackintosh and various parcels.”

翻譯:

「這個地區唯一擁有的老舊計程車,發出嘎嘎聲與刺耳聲駛進車站院內;就在火車終於轟隆隆駛進車站時,計程車顫抖著停了下來。史密斯太太是一位我很熟悉的矮胖年長婦人;她抓著一只破舊的袋子、一件防水外套和各種包裹,匆匆下了車。」

其中 tumble out 表示「匆忙、跌跌撞撞地出來/下車」。由於前一句的主詞是 the elderly taxi,下一句接著描述 Mrs. Smith 從計程車中出來,因此可判斷她是迅速下車。

關鍵單字與片語

  • platform:月台
  • increasingly crowded:越來越擁擠
  • by quarter to nine:到八點四十五分
  • be due:預定應該抵達
  • hardly space to move:幾乎沒有移動的空間
  • local market town:當地的市集城鎮
  • rattle and screech:發出嘎嘎聲與刺耳聲
  • shudder to a halt:震顫著停下來
  • tumble out:匆忙、跌跌撞撞地出來
  • clutch:緊抓、抱住
  • shabby:破舊的
  • mackintosh:防水外套
  • shove one’s way through:推擠穿過人群
  • bellow:大聲吼叫
  • above the noise:蓋過噪音
  • would-be passengers:想搭車的乘客
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第 38 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The small platform became increasingly crowded and by quarter to nine (half an hour after the train was due) there was hardly space to move. Mostly the people were farmers and their wives going in to the local market town for market day. The elderly taxi which was all that the district boasted rattled and screeched its way into the station yard and shuddered to a halt just as the train finally rumbled into the station. Mrs. Smith, a stout elderly woman whom I knew well by sight, tumbled out clutching a shabby bag, a mackintosh and various parcels. Puffing and panting, she shoved her way through the crowd till she reached the engine, and, to my intense amusement, climbed up into the cab.

“Bill,” she bellowed above the noise of the train. “Sarah’s had the baby—it’s a boy!”

All the would-be passengers let out a cheer and I realized that of course Mrs. Smith was the engine driver’s aunt.

“Thanks!” said Bill. The engine gave out an ear-splitting whistle and we hastily climbed in.

Bill’s delight in his fatherhood expressed itself by the speed at which he drove the train and never have I had such a terrifying journey by rail.

Mrs. Smith had come to the station ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「閱讀理解中的人物行為與目的判斷」,關鍵在於根據文章明確描述,判斷 Mrs. Smith 到車站的真正目的。作答時須區分:

  • 人物「做了什麼事」
  • 人物「為什麼做這件事」
  • 其他敘述是否只是附帶資訊,而非主要目的

定位答案的關鍵句

“Bill,” she bellowed above the noise of the train. “Sarah’s had the baby—it’s a boy!”

翻譯:

「Bill!」她在火車的噪音中大聲喊道:「Sarah 生孩子了,是個男孩!」

接著文章說:

All the would-be passengers let out a cheer and I realized that of course Mrs. Smith was the engine driver’s aunt.

翻譯:

所有準備搭車的乘客都歡呼起來,我才明白,原來 Mrs. Smith 是火車司機的姑媽。

由 Mrs. Smith 特地趕到車站,並在火車進站後爬上駕駛室,把 Sarah 生產的消息告訴 Bill,可知她來車站的目的,是通知火車司機他的妻子生了孩子。

解題方法

先找出 Mrs. Smith 的直接行動:

  1. 她帶著包包、雨衣和包裹趕到車站。
  2. 她穿過人群,走到火車頭。
  3. 她爬進駕駛室。
  4. 她對 Bill 大聲宣布 Sarah 已經生下男孩。

因此,空格後的目的應與「告知 Bill 新生兒消息」有關。選項 A 完整符合文章內容。

句型上,題目使用:

Mrs. Smith had come to the station to tell...

此處是 to+原形動詞to + 原形動詞 的不定詞片語,表示「目的」,即「Mrs. Smith 到車站是為了……」。

選項分析

(A) to tell the engine driver that his wife had had a baby

正確。意思是「告訴火車司機,他的妻子已經生了孩子」。

文中的 Bill 是 engine driver,Sarah 是他的妻子;Mrs. Smith 親口告訴 Bill:

“Sarah’s had the baby—it’s a boy!”

其中 “has had the baby” 是英式口語用法,表示「已經生產了」,不是「擁有這個嬰兒」。選項 A 正確概括了 Mrs. Smith 到車站的目的。

(B) to boast that she was the baby’s aunt

錯誤。意思是「炫耀自己是嬰兒的姑媽」。

文章只說 Mrs. Smith 是 engine driver’s aunt,並沒有說她向大家炫耀身分。她爬進駕駛室,是為了直接把生產消息告訴 Bill;「她是嬰兒的姑媽」只是讀者由文章推知的親屬關係,不是她到車站的目的。

(C) to stop the train because of the baby

錯誤。意思是「因為嬰兒而阻止火車」。

文章明確指出火車最後進站,Mrs. Smith 上車後通知 Bill;火車並沒有被她攔停。

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第 39 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The small platform became increasingly crowded and by quarter to nine (half an hour after the train was due) there was hardly space to move. Mostly the people were farmers and their wives going in to the local market town for market day. The elderly taxi which was all that the district boasted rattled and screeched its way into the station yard and shuddered to a halt just as the train finally rumbled into the station. Mrs. Smith, a stout elderly woman whom I knew well by sight, tumbled out clutching a shabby bag, a mackintosh and various parcels. Puffing and panting, she shoved her way through the crowd till she reached the engine, and, to my intense amusement, climbed up into the cab.

“Bill,” she bellowed above the noise of the train. “Sarah’s had the baby—it’s a boy!”

All the would-be passengers let out a cheer and I realized that of course Mrs. Smith was the engine driver’s aunt.

“Thanks!” said Bill. The engine gave out an ear-splitting whistle and we hastily climbed in.

Bill’s delight in his fatherhood expressed itself by the speed at which he drove the train and never have I had such a terrifying journey by rail.

The passengers, when they heard the news ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「語境判讀」與同義語意辨識。解題關鍵在於:

  • 依據上下文找出乘客聽到消息後的實際反應。
  • 判斷選項是否與文章中的動詞及語意完全相符。
  • 注意「cheer」表示歡呼、喝采,不只是微笑或鼓掌。

定位答案的原文

All the would-be passengers let out a cheer and I realized that of course Mrs. Smith was the engine driver’s aunt.

翻譯:

所有準備搭車的乘客都發出一陣歡呼,我才明白,史密斯太太當然是火車駕駛員的姑媽。

題幹中的空格是:

The passengers, when they heard the news ____.

原文已明確說明乘客「let out a cheer」,意思是「發出歡呼聲」。因此最符合的選項是 shouted “Hurrah!”,即「喊出『萬歲!/好啊!』」。

關鍵單字與片語

  • platform:月台
  • increasingly crowded:越來越擁擠
  • quarter to nine:八點四十五分
  • be due:預定應到達
  • hardly space to move:幾乎沒有移動的空間
  • local market town:當地的市集城鎮
  • rattle and screech:發出喀啦聲與尖銳摩擦聲
  • shudder to a halt:劇烈震動後停下來
  • tumble out:跌跌撞撞地走出
  • clutch:緊抓、抱住
  • shove one’s way through:推擠穿過人群
  • bellow:大聲吼叫
  • above the noise:壓過噪音聲
  • let out a cheer:發出歡呼聲
  • would-be passengers:準備搭車的乘客
  • ear-splitting whistle:震耳欲聾的汽笛聲
  • fatherhood:父親身分、初為人父
  • terrifying journey:可怕的旅程

解題方法

先找出與空格對應的原文。文章在引述 Bill 得知「Sarah 生了一個男孩」之後,立即描述:

All the would-be passengers let out a cheer

其中:

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第 40 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The small platform became increasingly crowded and by quarter to nine (half an hour after the train was due) there was hardly space to move. Mostly the people were farmers and their wives going in to the local market town for market day. The elderly taxi which was all that the district boasted rattled and screeched its way into the station yard and shuddered to a halt just as the train finally rumbled into the station. Mrs. Smith, a stout elderly woman whom I knew well by sight, tumbled out clutching a shabby bag, a mackintosh and various parcels. Puffing and panting, she shoved her way through the crowd till she reached the engine, and, to my intense amusement, climbed up into the cab.

“Bill,” she bellowed above the noise of the train. “Sarah’s had the baby—it’s a boy!”

All the would-be passengers let out a cheer and I realized that of course Mrs. Smith was the engine driver’s aunt.

“Thanks!” said Bill. The engine gave out an ear-splitting whistle and we hastily climbed in.

Bill’s delight in his fatherhood expressed itself by the speed at which he drove the train and never have I had such a terrifying journey by rail.

Because Bill had become a father ____.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「因果關係判斷」與「代名詞指涉」。

題目先說明 Bill 得知自己成為父親後非常高興,接著描述他開火車的速度。答案必須根據文章明確呈現的因果關係判斷,不能只依照選項中出現的相同字詞作答。

關鍵因果句為:

Bill’s delight in his fatherhood expressed itself by the speed at which he drove the train and never have I had such a terrifying journey by rail.

翻譯:

Bill 成為父親的喜悅,表現在他駕駛火車的速度上;我一生中從未有過如此可怕的火車旅程。

句中:

  • delight in his fatherhood:成為父親的喜悅
  • express itself by/through...:透過……表現出來
  • the speed at which he drove the train:他駕駛火車的速度
  • a terrifying journey by rail:一次可怕的火車旅程
  • by rail:搭乘火車、經由鐵路

文章的邏輯是:

Bill 成為父親→Bill 太興奮而把火車開得很快→作者經歷可怕的火車旅程\text{Bill 成為父親} \rightarrow \text{Bill 太興奮而把火車開得很快} \rightarrow \text{作者經歷可怕的火車旅程}

因此,正確選項必須同時包含「火車開得很快」與「作者感到害怕」兩項資訊。

解題方法

題幹為:

Because Bill had become a father ____.

意思是:

因為 Bill 成為了父親,所以……

Because 引導原因,空格後的內容應是文章中由 Bill 成為父親所造成的結果。

文章先寫道:

Bill’s delight in his fatherhood expressed itself by the speed at which he drove the train

表示 Bill 因為初為人父而十分興奮,興奮的表現就是把火車開得很快。

接著:

never have I had such a terrifying journey by rail

表示作者因此經歷了非常可怕的火車旅程。

所以完整意思是:

因為 Bill 成為了父親,他把火車開得非常快,導致作者感到害怕。

這與 (B) 完全相符。

選項分析

(A) the author was terrified of traveling by train

意思是:

作者害怕搭火車。

此選項只說作者感到害怕,沒有指出害怕的直接原因是 Bill 把火車開得太快。文章描述的是「這一次旅程」非常可怕,並非表示作者普遍害怕搭火車,因此資訊過度簡化,錯誤。

(B) he made the train go so fast that the author was terrified

意思是:

他把火車開得非常快,使作者感到害怕。

此選項準確重述文章中的因果關係:

  • he made the train go so fast 對應 Bill 以很快的速度駕駛火車。
  • the author was terrified 對應作者所說的 such a terrifying journey。

代名詞 he 指 Bill,語意與文章完全一致,故為正確答案。

(C) the author never travelled by train again

意思是:

作者此後再也沒有搭火車。

文章只說:

never have I had such a terrifying journey by rail

其真正意思是:

我從未有過如此可怕的火車旅程。

這是說這次旅程「前所未有地可怕」,不是說作者之後再也沒有搭火車。never have I had such... 修飾的是旅程的可怕程度,不能解讀為停止搭火車,故錯誤。

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第 Composition 題20 分

IV. Composition: Express your ideas in no more than 250 words.

On Cosmetic Surgery

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題屬於「議論文」寫作,題目只有 On Cosmetic Surgery,考生須自行設定立場,針對整形手術的正面與負面影響提出分析,最後形成明確結論。

建議掌握三個觀念:

  1. 定義:cosmetic surgery 指以改善外貌為主要目的的整形手術。
  2. 正面效益:提升自信、改善先天缺陷、修復意外造成的外傷。
  3. 潛在問題:手術風險、費用高昂、社會對外貌的過度重視,以及不切實際的審美壓力。

本題最穩定的立場是「有條件支持」:整形手術本身不必然錯誤,但必須建立在充分資訊、合理期待與專業醫療評估上。

解題方法

可採用四段式架構:

  1. 引言:指出整形手術已成為現代社會常見現象。
  2. 正面論點:說明整形手術可能改善外貌與心理狀態。
  3. 反面論點:分析健康風險與社會壓力。
  4. 結論:提出個人立場,強調理性判斷與安全原則。

開頭避免只寫「我喜歡」或「我不喜歡」,應先交代背景,再提出主旨句。結尾不可新增論點,應回扣「審慎選擇」的核心思想。

參考作文

On Cosmetic Surgery

Cosmetic surgery has become increasingly common in modern society. Some people undergo surgery to improve their appearance, while others hope to regain confidence after suffering from an accident or a congenital defect.

There are several possible benefits of cosmetic surgery. It may help people correct physical problems and feel more comfortable in social situations. For patients with severe burns or facial deformities, reconstructive surgery can greatly improve both their appearance and quality of life. In this sense, cosmetic surgery may serve an important medical and psychological purpose.

However, cosmetic surgery also involves considerable risks. An operation may cause infection, complications, or disappointing results. In addition, people may become obsessed with their appearance because of unrealistic standards promoted by the media. Repeated operations can also create financial and psychological burdens.

In my opinion, cosmetic surgery should not be judged as entirely good or bad. People should make such a decision only after consulting qualified doctors and understanding the possible risks. As long as the purpose is reasonable and the decision is made freely, cosmetic surgery can be acceptable. Nevertheless, a healthy attitude toward one’s natural appearance remains more important than physical beauty.

(約 196 字)

題幹定位與翻譯

題目原文:

On Cosmetic Surgery

可理解為「論整形手術」或「談整形手術」。題目沒有要求特定立場,因此文章必須自行提出中心論點。

參考作文中的主旨句為:

In my opinion, cosmetic surgery should not be judged as entirely good or bad.

翻譯:依我之見,整形手術不應被判定為完全好或完全不好。

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其他考古題

103 年慈濟大學的其他科目

慈濟大學《英文》其他年度

其他學校的《英文》