高雄醫學大學 104 年 《英文》

📄 試題原卷 免費註冊後即可對照原始考卷 PDF免費註冊

第 1 題1 分

Video has played a huge role in relationships between citizens and the police over the last 25 years. It has helped hold the police accountable for abuse and also protected them from false allegations.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題屬於英文單字與語意辨識題,官方答案為 C. explicable。

  • explicable:可解釋的、說得通的
  • accusatory:控訴的、指責的
  • innocent:無辜的、清白的
  • resentful:憤恨的、不滿的
  • psychopathic:精神病態的、心理變態的

題幹重點在於理解單字的詞義及其語意色彩,而非複雜文法。

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹原文為:

Video has played a huge role in relationships between citizens and the police over the last 25 years. It has helped hold the police accountable for abuse and also protected them from false allegations.

翻譯如下:

過去 25 年來,錄影在公民與警方之間的關係中扮演了非常重要的角色。錄影有助於讓警方為虐待行為負責,也保護警方免受不實指控。

其中:

  • play a huge role in:在……中扮演重要角色
  • relationships between A and B:A 與 B 之間的關係
  • hold someone accountable for something:要求某人對某事負責
  • abuse:虐待、濫用職權
  • protect A from B:保護 A 免於 B
  • false allegations:不實指控

解題方法

本題應以選項的核心字義進行判斷。官方答案 explicable 的字根來自:

  • explain:解釋
  • -able:能夠……的

因此,explicable 即「能夠被解釋的」,也就是「可解釋的、合理的、說得通的」。

依官方公布答案,本題所要辨認的正確字義為 explicable。

不過,題目目前提供的文字中沒有呈現明確的挖空處,也沒有附上完整的單字定義問句,因此單從現有句子無法建立自然的文法填空關係。若原題是單字定義或同義字辨識題,選擇 C 即可符合官方答案。

選項分析

(A) accusatory

accusatory 是「指責的、控訴的」,通常用來形容語氣、言論或態度,例如:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 2 題1 分

The U.S. Armed Forces are stepping up surveillance of disputed islands in the South China Sea amid rising tension with Beijing.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「同義字辨析」與「語境判斷」。題幹中的 surveillance 是名詞,意為「監視、監控、密切觀察」。四個選項中,只有 observation 具有「觀察、監看」的意思,能與 surveillance 形成語意上的對應。

題幹重點:

The U.S. Armed Forces are stepping up surveillance of disputed islands in the South China Sea amid rising tension with Beijing.

翻譯:美國武裝部隊在與北京的緊張情勢升高之際,加強對南海爭議島嶼的監視。


解題方法

先判斷空格所需的詞性與語意:

  1. surveillance 是名詞,因此選項最好也應是名詞。
  2. 題意是「加強對爭議島嶼的監視」,需要表示「觀察、監看」的名詞。
  3. observation 意為「觀察、監看」,與 surveillance 最接近,因此選 E。

句型中的 step up + 名詞 表示「加強、提高某項活動」:

  • step up surveillance:加強監視
  • step up security:加強安全措施
  • step up efforts:加大努力

關鍵單字與片語

  • the U.S. Armed Forces:美國武裝部隊
  • step up:加強、提高
  • surveillance:監視、監控
  • disputed:有爭議的
  • island:島嶼
  • the South China Sea:南海
  • amid:在……之中、在……情勢下
  • rising tension:升高的緊張情勢
  • with Beijing:與北京之間

其中 disputed islands 是「具爭議的島嶼」,surveillance of disputed islands 則是「對爭議島嶼的監視」。


選項分析

(A) slack

slack 可作形容詞或名詞:

  • 形容詞:鬆弛的、懈怠的
  • 名詞:鬆弛、懈怠;閒置時間

例如:

  • slack security:鬆散的安全措施
  • slack demand:疲弱的需求

本題需要「觀察、監視」的名詞,slack 不具此義,且放入句中會使語意完全不通,因此錯誤。


(B) cessation

cessation 是名詞,意為「停止、中止」。

例如:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 3 題1 分

The hallucinogenic potion made from yahay vine can cause intoxication.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與「語意搭配」。題幹已出現關鍵字 hallucinogenic(致幻的),並說明該藥劑會造成 intoxication(中毒性陶醉、意識受到酒精或藥物影響的狀態),因此空格應選擇表示「會影響心理與意識」的形容詞。

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹原文:

The hallucinogenic potion made from yahay vine can cause intoxication.

翻譯:

由 yahay 藤製成的致幻藥劑,會造成中毒性陶醉或意識 intoxication。

其中 hallucinogenic 已直接提示該物質具有影響知覺、意識與心理狀態的作用,因此與 psychoactive 的語意最接近。

解題方法

先抓題幹中的兩個語意線索:

  • hallucinogenic:致幻的,會引起幻覺的
  • intoxication:因酒精或藥物作用而產生的意識改變、陶醉或中毒狀態

psychoactive 意為「作用於心理或中樞神經、會改變情緒、知覺或意識的」,可用來描述藥物、化學物質或植物成分。致幻物質屬於 psychoactive substances,因此:

hallucinogenic potion → psychoactive potion

句意與搭配均成立。

選項分析

(A) supercilious

  • 中文義:傲慢的、自大的、目中無人的
  • 通常用來形容人的態度、語氣或表情。
  • 例如:a supercilious attitude(傲慢的態度)
  • 該字描述人格或態度,不能合理修飾會造成 intoxication 的藥劑。

因此錯誤。

(B) genetic

  • 中文義:遺傳的、基因的
  • 常見搭配包括 genetic disease(遺傳疾病)、genetic mutation(基因突變)、genetic engineering(基因工程)。
  • 該字與藥物是否影響意識無關,不能說某種藥劑是 genetic potion。

因此錯誤。

(C) imprudent

  • 中文義:不謹慎的、輕率的、欠考慮的
  • 通常形容人的行為、決定或做法,例如 an imprudent decision(輕率的決定)。
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 4 題1 分

Laser surgery for near-sightedness obviates the need for wearing glasses.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查近義動詞的字義辨析,以及動詞與語境的搭配。

題幹中的 obviate 意為「消除、使……成為不必要」,常用句型為:

  • obviate the need for N:消除對……的需要,使……不再必要

題幹:

Laser surgery for near-sightedness obviates the need for wearing glasses.
近視的雷射手術消除了戴眼鏡的必要。

句意是:接受近視雷射手術後,患者不再需要戴眼鏡。因此空格應填入具有「排除、使……不必要」之意的動詞。

解題方法

先抓住句子的因果關係:

  • 原因:接受近視雷射手術
  • 結果:不需要戴眼鏡

因此空格需要表示「阻止、排除戴眼鏡的必要性」的動詞。選項中 preclude 意為「預防、阻止、排除」,可表示使某件事不再發生或不再有必要,與 the need for wearing glasses 搭配合理。

完整句子為:

Laser surgery for near-sightedness precludes the need for wearing glasses.

意思是:

近視雷射手術排除了戴眼鏡的必要。

選項分析

(A) precipitates

precipitate 作動詞時意為「促使突然發生、加速造成」,也可指「使沉澱」。

例如:

  • precipitate a crisis:促成危機發生
  • precipitate a reaction:促使反應發生

本句語意是雷射手術「消除」戴眼鏡的需要,不是「促成」戴眼鏡的需要,因此不合適。

(B) precludes

preclude 意為「排除、阻止、防止,使……不可能或不必要」。

常見搭配包括:

  • preclude the possibility of success:排除成功的可能性
  • preclude further discussion:使進一步討論成為不必要
  • preclude the need for treatment:排除治療的需要

本句中,雷射手術使戴眼鏡不再必要,故 precludes 最符合語意。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 5 題1 分

The Chinese armed forces have been strengthening their air and naval combat capabilities in the region, as U.S. forces expanding their involvement in contention over the islands.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「語境中的字義判斷」與「名詞搭配」。關鍵片語為:

  • armed forces:武裝部隊
  • air and naval combat capabilities:空中與海上作戰能力
  • strengthen:加強
  • involvement in ...:參與……
  • contention over the islands:對於島嶼的爭端/爭議

題幹描述中國武裝部隊加強區域內的空中與海上作戰能力,同時美軍也擴大介入島嶼爭端。整體語意明顯指向「衝突、爭端、不一致」,因此選擇表示「歧異、爭論」的 disagreement。

解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句是:

as U.S. forces expanding their involvement in contention over the islands.

可翻譯為:

隨著美軍擴大對島嶼爭端的介入。

其中 contention over the islands 已經指出主題是「島嶼爭端」。選項中只有 disagreement 屬於負面衝突語意,能與國際軍事對峙的上下文相符。

完整語意為:

中國武裝部隊一直在加強其於該區域的空中與海上作戰能力,因為美軍也擴大了對島嶼爭端的介入。

依官方答案,空格應填入 disagreement,形成「對島嶼的歧見/爭端」之意。

選項分析

(A) amity

意為「友好、親善、和睦」。例如 relations of amity 表示「友好關係」。題幹描述的是軍事能力提升與美軍介入島嶼爭端,並非國家間的友好合作,因此語意不合。

(B) disagreement

意為「意見不合、歧見、爭論」。disagreement over the islands 可理解為「對島嶼問題的歧見或爭端」,符合題幹的軍事對峙與領土爭議背景,故為正確答案。

(C) cordiality

意為「熱誠、親切、友善」。此字表示人際或國際關係的融洽氣氛,與軍事競爭、島嶼爭端的語境相反,因此錯誤。

(D) discussion

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 6 題1 分

Being accused of discriminating against Asian-American applicants, Harvard University responded that the school's admission policies are fully ______ with the law.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字形相近字」的詞性、詞義與固定搭配。

句中空格位於 fully 之後,並接片語 with the law,需要填入形容詞,且語意必須是「遵守法律的、符合法律規定的」。最符合的是 compliant。

固定搭配:

  • be compliant with + 規定/法律/標準:遵守、符合……
  • fully compliant with the law:完全符合法律規定

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句為:

Harvard University responded that the school's admission policies are fully ______ with the law.

翻譯:

哈佛大學回應,該校的招生政策完全符合相關法律。

fully 修飾形容詞 compliant,而 with the law 說明符合的對象是法律,因此形成正確搭配:

are fully compliant with the law

解題方法

先判斷詞性:

  1. are 是連綴動詞,後面通常接主詞補語。
  2. fully 是副詞,通常修飾形容詞。
  3. 空格後有 with the law,表示「符合某項規定」的對象。

因此空格需要「形容詞+with」的結構,語意則須表示「遵守法律」。

compliant 是形容詞,意為「遵守規定的、符合要求的」,常與 with 搭配:

be compliant with the law

所以答案為 compliant。

選項分析

(A) compliant:正確

compliant 是形容詞,意為「順從的、遵守規定的、符合要求的」。

be compliant with the law 是自然且正確的搭配,意為「符合法律規定」。放入句中後:

the school's admission policies are fully compliant with the law

意為:

該校的招生政策完全符合法律。

(B) complaint:錯誤

complaint 是名詞,意為「抱怨、申訴、投訴」。

例如:

file a complaint
提出申訴/投訴

本句需要形容詞,且語意是「符合法律」,complaint 既不符合詞性,也不能構成 complaint with the law 這種搭配。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 7 題1 分

A four-year ______ that sampled microbes from across the world’s oceans is bringing the mechanisms of climate change into focus.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「字彙語意辨析與語境搭配(Contextual Collocation)」。
後醫英文常以國際科學期刊(如 Science、Nature)或科普報導中的真實句子命題。解題核心在於辨識先行詞與後方修飾語(關係子句)的語意搭配,判斷何種活動能具備「歷時四年(four-year)」且「跨越全球各大洋採集微生物樣本(sampled microbes from across the world’s oceans)」的特徵。


解題方法

  1. 句構與定位分析:
  • 題幹主詞核心為:A four-year ______(一個為期四年的……)。
  • 後方接形容詞子句(關係代名詞省略或由 that 引導限制性關係子句):that sampled microbes from across the world’s oceans(在世界各大洋採集微生物樣本)。
  • 主要動詞與受詞:is bringing the mechanisms of climate change into focus(使氣候變遷的機轉受到聚焦關注)。
  1. 語意邏輯推導:
  • 空格需填入一個名詞,作為這場跨越全球各大洋、歷時四年、以科學調查與採樣為目的之「航程/遠征探險」。
  • 在英文中,專門指稱具有明確目標(如科學考察、探險、軍事遠征)的長程旅程即為 expedition(如著名的「全球海洋科學考察」Tara Oceans Expedition)。

選項分析

  • (A) exploitation(名詞):開採、剝削、利用。
  • 常見搭配如 natural resource exploitation(天然資源開採)或 labor exploitation(勞力剝削)。在此語境中無法與「採集微生物作為科學研究之長途考察」搭配,語意不合。
  • (B) exemplification(名詞):例證、示範。
  • 源自動詞 exemplify,指以實例加以說明或示範。無法被冠以「four-year(歷時四年)」並在「全球各大洋採樣」,完全脫離句意。
  • (C) exploding(動名詞/現在分詞):爆炸、劇增。
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 8 題1 分

A batch of sodium chloride manufactured by YF Chemical Corp. was ______ with bacteria, resulting in fevers for eight patients after they were injected with the solution.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查醫學與公共衛生相關詞彙之語意辨析與搭配用法(Collocation)。題幹描述藥廠生產的生理食鹽水批次受到細菌污染,進而導致注射患者發燒的醫療不良事件。解題焦點在於找出能與介係詞 with 搭配,且語意符合「遭(有害物質或微生物)污染、玷污」的及物動詞被動形式。


題幹定位與翻譯

  • 定位句:

"A batch of sodium chloride manufactured by YF Chemical Corp. was ______ with bacteria, resulting in fevers for eight patients after they were injected with the solution."

  • 中文翻譯:

「由 YF 化學公司所製造的一批氯化鈉(生理食鹽水)遭到細菌污染,導致八名病患在注射該溶液後出現發燒症狀。」


解題方法

  1. 因果關係線索:
    題幹後半部提到分詞構句 resulting in fevers for eight patients after they were injected with the solution(導致八名病患在注射該溶液後發燒),表示該批化學溶液存在嚴重的品質瑕疵或外來有害物質入侵。
  2. 語意與文法搭配:
    空格處應填入與負面事件相關的及物動詞過去分詞,且需能接介係詞 with,表示「被……污染」。選項中僅 (E) tainted 具備「被玷污、污染」之語意,且常構成 be tainted with... 的固定搭配。

選項分析

  • (A) purified:純化、淨化。
  • 錯誤。
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 9 題1 分

Resettling refugees is a global ______ obligation. Many of these countries, including the United States, have taken in refugees from that part of the world over the last several years.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查上下文語境邏輯(Contextual Clues)與形容詞字彙辨析,特別是國際關係與社會議題中極常見的固定搭配「人道主義責任/義務(humanitarian obligation)」。


解題方法

  1. 定位關鍵線索:
  • 第一句:「Resettling refugees is a global ______ obligation.」(安置難民是一項全球性的 ______ 義務。)
  • 第二句:「Many of these countries, including the United States, have taken in refugees from that part of the world over the last several years.」(包含美國在內的許多國家,過去幾年來已收容了來自該地區的難民。)
  1. 語意邏輯推導:
  • 題幹主詞為「Resettling refugees」(重新安置難民),受詞補語為「obligation」(義務、責任)。
  • 第二句指出許多國家紛紛「收容(take in)」難民,此舉動展現了跨國界的援助、同情與對人類福祉的關懷。
  • 修飾 obligation 的形容詞必須符合「安置並收容難民」所秉持的正向關懷與人權救援精神,故應填入具「人道主義的、博愛的」之形容詞。

選項分析

  • (A) hostile(敵對的、有敵意的):

  • 詞性與字義:形容詞,指 unfriendly or aggressive。

  • 錯誤原因:收容難民屬於援助性質的行為,絕非「敵對的義務」,語意與事實相悖。

  • (B) humanitarian(人道主義的、博愛的):

  • 詞性與字義:形容詞,指 concerned with or seeking to promote human welfare。常見搭配如 humanitarian aid(人道救援)、humanitarian crisis(人道危機)、humanitarian obligation(人道義務)。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 10 題1 分

The rich and famous can have as hard a time protecting their money as everyone else. Most people, unfortunately, are ______ to spend more than they have.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 形容詞搭配介系詞與不定詞
  2. 單字語意辨析
  3. 正負語意與上下文判斷

句型為:

be predisposed to + 原形動詞

predisposed 表示「有……的傾向、容易……」,因此:

are predisposed to spend more than they have

意為「有花費超過自己擁有金錢的傾向」。


題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句為:

Most people, unfortunately, are ______ to spend more than they have.

翻譯:

不幸的是,大多數人都有花費超過自己所擁有金錢的傾向。

前句指出,即使是有錢又有名的人,保護自己的財產也可能和一般人一樣困難。接著說明原因:多數人容易過度消費,花費超出自身能力。因此空格必須填入表示「傾向於」的形容詞。


解題方法

先觀察空格後的結構:

are ______ to spend

此處需要能與 to + 原形動詞 搭配,並且語意上表示「傾向於做某事」的形容詞。

predisposed to V 是固定搭配,意思是「傾向於做……、容易做……」:

be predisposed to spend
傾向於花費

句意完整且合理:

Most people, unfortunately, are predisposed to spend more than they have.


選項分析

(A) immune

immune 意為「免疫的、不受影響的」,常見搭配為:

be immune to + 名詞
對……免疫;不受……影響

例如:

She is immune to criticism.
她不受批評影響。

immune to spend 不符合一般語意與搭配;而且「對花費超過自身擁有金錢免疫」也與題意不合,故錯誤。


(B) resistant

resistant 意為「抵抗的、抗拒的」,常見搭配為:

be resistant to + 名詞
抵抗、抗拒……

例如:

Some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics.
有些細菌對抗生素具有抗藥性。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 11 題1 分

While WHO is confident that Liberia has interrupted transmission of Ebola, outbreaks persist in neighboring Guinea and Sierra Leone, creating a high risk that infected people may cross into Liberia over the region’s exceptionally ______ borders.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 字義辨識
  2. 搭配語意
  3. 上下文邏輯判斷

句意指出:賴比瑞亞鄰國幾內亞與獅子山仍有伊波拉疫情,因此感染者有很高風險會跨越該地區「非常 ______ 的邊界」進入賴比瑞亞。

能讓感染者容易跨越的邊界,應具有「不嚴密、容易穿越」的特性,因此答案為 porous。


關鍵句定位與翻譯

題幹中定位答案的關鍵句為:

outbreaks persist in neighboring Guinea and Sierra Leone, creating a high risk that infected people may cross into Liberia over the region’s exceptionally ______ borders.

翻譯:

鄰近的幾內亞與獅子山仍持續爆發疫情,使得感染者有很高的風險跨越該地區極為 ______ 的邊界,進入賴比瑞亞。

其中:

  • outbreak:疫情爆發
  • persist:持續存在
  • neighboring:鄰近的
  • create a high risk that...:造成……的高風險
  • infected people:受感染的人
  • cross into Liberia:跨越邊界進入賴比瑞亞
  • border:邊界
  • porous borders:容易穿越、管控不嚴密的邊界

句中的 high risk 表示「感染者容易越境」;因此空格必須填入能表達「邊界不嚴密、容易通過」的形容詞。


解題方法

先掌握因果關係:

疫情持續→感染者可能越境→邊界容易穿越\text{疫情持續} \rightarrow \text{感染者可能越境} \rightarrow \text{邊界容易穿越}

英文中,porous 原意是「多孔的、具有孔隙的」,引申為:

  • 容易讓人或物通過
  • 防守不嚴密
  • 邊境管控薄弱

因此 porous borders 是自然且常見的語意搭配,表示「容易被穿越、管制不嚴的邊界」。


選項分析

(A) impermeable

impermeable 意為「不可滲透的;無法穿越的」。

例如:

  • impermeable material:不透水材料
  • an impermeable barrier:無法穿越的屏障

impermeable borders 表示「難以穿越的邊界」,與感染者容易跨境的語意相反,因此錯誤。


(B) tight

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 12 題1 分

Two years ago, Muslim militias, known as the Seleka, seized power, then plundered the country from precious—diamonds, gold and ivory to mundane—guns, cars and food. A group of mainly Christian and animist militias later ______, and drove the Seleka into the countryside.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 動詞字義辨析。
  2. 上下文的因果與語意邏輯。
  3. 動詞與後續動作的搭配關係。

題幹描述:Seleka 民兵奪取政權後掠奪國家;後來,一群主要由基督徒與泛靈信仰者組成的民兵採取反擊行動,並將 Seleka 驅逐至鄉間。因此空格應填入表示「報復、反擊」的動詞。

關鍵句與翻譯

A group of mainly Christian and animist militias later ______, and drove the Seleka into the countryside.

一群主要由基督徒與泛靈信仰者組成的民兵後來______,並將 Seleka 驅逐到鄉間。

後半句 drove the Seleka into the countryside 表示這群民兵對 Seleka 採取軍事反制,使其被迫撤退。故空格應為 retaliated。

完整句意為:

A group of mainly Christian and animist militias later retaliated, and drove the Seleka into the countryside.

一群主要由基督徒與泛靈信仰者組成的民兵後來進行反擊,並將 Seleka 驅逐到鄉間。

解題方法

先觀察空格後的並列結構:

later ______, and drove the Seleka into the countryside

空格與 drove 由 and 連接,兩者都是過去式動詞,主詞都是 A group of ... militias。因此空格須填入過去式動詞,且語意上必須能和「把 Seleka 驅逐到鄉間」形成合理的前後關係。

前文提到 Seleka:

  • seized power:奪取政權
  • plundered the country:掠奪國家

後文則描述另一群民兵反制 Seleka。因此最符合情境的動詞是 retaliated,意為「反擊、報復」。

選項分析

(A) reconciled

reconcile 意為「使和解、調解;使相互協調」。其常見用法為:

  • reconcile with someone:與某人和解
  • reconcile two sides:使雙方和解

若填入 reconciled,句意會變成「民兵後來和解,並將 Seleka 驅逐到鄉間」,前後語意矛盾。和解通常表示停止敵對,不會直接導致驅逐對方,因此錯誤。

(B) conceded

concede 意為「承認;讓步;認輸」。例如:

  • concede defeat:承認失敗
  • concede a point:承認某一點
  • concede to someone:向某人讓步

若填入 conceded,表示民兵「讓步或認輸」,與後面的 drove the Seleka into the countryside(將 Seleka 驅逐至鄉間)不合。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 13 題1 分

Women’s confinement to their home and dependence on personal servants for their every need left them powerless and ______ to their husbands and other males in the family.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與「語意搭配」。句中描述女性因被限制在家中、生活大小事都依賴私人僕人,因此失去力量,並且在家庭中的地位低於丈夫及其他男性。空格需填入表示「屈從的、卑屈服從的」形容詞。

關鍵結構為:

left them powerless and ______ to their husbands and other males in the family
使她們變得無力,並且屈從於丈夫及家庭中的其他男性。

powerless 與空格由 and 連接,形成並列的形容詞,皆用來描述 them 的狀態。

解題方法

先抓語意因果:

  • Women’s confinement to their home:女性被限制在家中
  • dependence on personal servants for their every need:生活每項需求都依賴私人僕人
  • left them powerless:使她們沒有力量、缺乏自主權

既然前文強調女性缺乏自主性,後文接在 to their husbands and other males 之後,應選擇表示「屈服於男性、受男性支配」的字。

subservient to someone 是重要搭配,意為「屈從於某人、服從某人」。

關鍵單字與片語

  • confinement:限制、禁閉;confinement to the home 指被限制在家中
  • dependence on:對……的依賴
  • personal servant:私人僕人
  • every need:每一項需求
  • powerless:無力的;沒有權力或自主性的
  • subservient:屈從的、卑屈服從的
  • be subservient to someone:屈從於某人、受某人支配

選項分析

(A) numb

意為「麻木的、失去知覺的」,可描述身體感覺或情緒反應,例如 numb with shock(因震驚而麻木)。它不表示「在權力關係中屈從於某人」,因此與 to their husbands 的搭配及上下文不合。

(B) exclusive

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 14 題1 分

Business schools, responding to demand by students and employers for more global exposure, have started ______ international programs into their curricula in the last decade or so.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「固定搭配」。

關鍵片語為:

  • incorporate A into B:將 A 納入 B、把 A 融入 B
  • curriculum:課程;複數 curricula:課程內容、課程架構
  • global exposure:國際接觸、全球視野
  • respond to demand:回應需求
  • in the last decade or so:在過去十年左右

句型為:

have started V-ing

表示「已開始做某事」。因此空格需要填入一個能與 international programs into their curricula 合理搭配,並符合語意的動詞。

解題方法

題幹指出,商學院因為學生與雇主都希望有更多國際接觸,因此在過去十年左右,開始把某些國際課程納入原有課程架構。

「將某項內容納入課程」最自然的英文表達是:

incorporate international programs into their curricula

因此空格填入 incorporating。

關鍵句定位與翻譯

Business schools, responding to demand by students and employers for more global exposure, have started incorporating international programs into their curricula in the last decade or so.

翻譯:

商學院回應學生與雇主對更多國際接觸經驗的需求,在過去十年左右已開始將國際課程納入其課程架構中。

句中 incorporating A into B 正好表示「把 A 納入 B」,符合上下文。

選項分析

(A) intimidating:恐嚇、使害怕

intimidate 指以威脅或壓迫使人害怕。
若填入句中,意思會變成「開始恐嚇國際課程進入課程架構」,語意不通;且 intimidate A into B 也不是此處的正確搭配。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 15 題1 分

The fireworks were in perfect ______ with the music.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「字義辨析」與固定搭配。句型為:

The fireworks were in perfect ______ with the music.
煙火與音樂達到完美的__。

關鍵片語是 in synchronization with...,意為「與……同步、協調一致」。煙火依照音樂的節拍與旋律同時變化,因此應填入表示「同步」的名詞 synchronization。

解題方法

先觀察介系詞片語:

in perfect ______ with the music

其中 in perfect + 名詞 + with 常用來表達「與某事物完美地保持某種狀態」。再根據語意判斷,煙火與音樂最合理的關係是「同步演出、節奏一致」。

完整句為:

The fireworks were in perfect synchronization with the music.
煙火與音樂完全同步。

文法與語意重點

  • fireworks:煙火,通常以複數形式使用。
  • be in synchronization with...:與……同步,和……協調一致。
  • perfect:完美的;此處修飾名詞 synchronization。
  • music:音樂。

句子的核心結構是:

主詞+be動詞+in+名詞+with+對象\text{主詞}+\text{be動詞}+\text{in}+\text{名詞}+\text{with}+\text{對象}

其中 in synchronization with the music 是介系詞片語,作為主詞補語,說明煙火呈現的狀態。

選項分析

(A) synchronization:同步;協調一致

正確。synchronization 表示「同步、同步化」,可用於聲音、影像、動作或活動之間的時間配合。

常見搭配:

  • synchronization with the music:與音樂同步
  • synchronize the lights with the sound:使燈光與聲音同步
  • perfect synchronization:完美同步

煙火若配合音樂節奏同時綻放,正是 in perfect synchronization with the music。

(B) endurance:耐力;持久力

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 16 題1 分

The ______ in relations between the U.S. and Cuba has led to a stunning 36 percent increase in visits by Americans to the island.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「固定搭配」。句意指出美國與古巴關係的某種變化,使美國人前往古巴的次數大幅增加,因此空格應填表示「關係改善、緩和」的名詞。

關鍵搭配為:

  • a thaw in relations:關係解凍、關係緩和
  • relations between A and B:A 與 B 之間的關係
  • lead to:導致
  • a stunning 36 percent increase in visits:訪問次數驚人的 36% 增加

題幹定位與翻譯

The ______ in relations between the U.S. and Cuba has led to a stunning 36 percent increase in visits by Americans to the island.

翻譯:

美國與古巴關係的__,已導致美國人前往該島訪問的次數驚人地增加了 36%。

美國人赴古巴的訪問次數增加,顯示兩國關係朝正面發展,因此空格應填「解凍、緩和」。

解題方法

先觀察句子的因果關係:

關係的某種變化 → 美國人赴古巴訪問增加

若兩國關係改善,人民交流與旅遊通常會增加。因此需要填入具有正面意義的名詞。

thaw 原意是「融化、解凍」,引申為緊張或冷淡關係的「緩和、改善」。句型 the thaw in relations 正是表示「關係解凍」。

完整句意為:

美國與古巴關係的解凍,已導致美國人赴該島訪問的次數驚人地增加 36%。

選項分析

(A) thaw 解凍;關係緩和

正確。thaw 可作名詞,表示冰雪融化,也可引申表示國家、團體或個人之間緊張關係的緩和。

例如:

  • a thaw in diplomatic relations
    外交關係解凍
  • a thaw between the two countries
    兩國關係緩和

本題的 the thaw in relations between the U.S. and Cuba 意為「美國與古巴關係的解凍」,符合後文美國人赴古巴人數增加的正面結果。

(B) tension 緊張;緊張關係

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 17 題1 分

Floodwaters deepened across much of Texas as storms dumped almost 30 centimeters of rain on the Houston area, stranding hundreds of motorists and ______ the famously congested highways.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「高級字彙語意辨析」與「分詞構句(Participle Clause)之平行結構」。
題幹為描述極端氣候(豪雨、洪災)造成交通癱瘓的典型新聞英語句型。解題核心在於捕捉句子前後的因果關係與上下文意象(「洪水加劇」→\rightarrow「受困」與「淹沒道路」),並在句法上理解連接詞 and 所連接的對等動名詞/分詞結構。


題幹翻譯與語意定位

原文:Floodwaters deepened across much of Texas as storms dumped almost 30 centimeters of rain on the Houston area, stranding hundreds of motorists and <u>______</u> the famously congested highways.
中譯:隨著暴風雨在休士頓地區降下近 30 公分的雨量,德州大片地區的洪水持續加深,造成數百名駕駛人受困,並且淹沒了當地以壅塞聞名的公路系統。

  • 語意關鍵線索:
  1. 主句開頭提及 Floodwaters deepened(積水加深、洪水水位上升)。
  2. 伴隨子句說明降雨量極大:dumped almost 30 centimeters of rain。
  3. 後方逗號引導分詞構句表示結果:stranding hundreds of motorists and ______ the famously congested highways。
  4. 空格處與 stranding(使受困)以對等連接詞 and 連接,動作對象為 highways(公路),受洪災影響的公路必然是被「淹沒、氾濫」。因此空格必須填入表示「淹沒、水淹」意涵的動詞分詞。

解題方法

  1. 結構分析:
    Floodwaters(主詞)deepened(動詞)across much of Texas(地方副詞)as(連接詞引導原因/時間副詞子句)... , [stranding ... and ______ ...](現在分詞構句,作伴隨結果)。
  2. 語意搭配(Collocation):
    名詞 floodwaters(洪水)直接引發的動作,作用在 highways(公路)上,標準且高頻的新聞英語搭配為 inundate the highways / roads(淹沒公路)。

選項分析

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 18 題1 分

One of the predicted consequences of global warming is the rising sea levels. This salty seawater will ______ low-lying streams, rivers and underground freshwater aquifers—the sources of drinking water for millions of people worldwide.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「進階字彙語意搭配」與「環境科學主題的語境理解」。
解題關鍵在於動詞與受詞的語意合理性:主詞為「海水(salty seawater)」,受詞為「低窪溪流、河流與地下淡水含水層(low-lying streams, rivers and underground freshwater aquifers)」。在環境與水文地質學的語境中,考查描述液體「滲透、滲入」淡水層或地質結構的專業動詞搭配。


題幹定位與翻譯

  • 原文引述:
    "One of the predicted consequences of global warming is the rising sea levels. This salty seawater will ______ low-lying streams, rivers and underground freshwater aquifers—the sources of drinking water for millions of people worldwide."
  • 中文翻譯:
    「全球暖化的預測後果之一是海平面上升。這種帶有鹽分的海水將會滲入/侵入地勢低窪的溪流、河流以及地下淡水含水層——也就是全球數百萬人的飲用水來源。」

解題方法

  1. 分析語法結構與語境邏輯:
  • 句型結構:主詞(This salty seawater)+ 助動詞(will)+ 及物動詞原形(空格) + 受詞(low-lying streams, rivers and underground freshwater aquifers)。
  • 語境邏輯:海平面上升導致鹹水倒灌或滲入地表與地下淡水系統(即環境科學常見的「海水倒灌/鹹水入侵」,saltwater intrusion/infiltration)。因此空格需要一個能表達「(液體)滲入、透入」或「浸潤」概念的動詞。
  1. 詞彙搭配篩選:
  • (A) infiltrate 作及物動詞時,可用於描述液體、氣體「滲透進入(土壤、水體、組織)」或間諜/敵人「潛入、滲透(組織)」,完全吻合水文學與環保議題的標準用法。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 19 題1 分

Head delegations from the countries are now at the negotiation tables in the first round of ______ talks, the results of which are hoped to be the beginning of improved relations between the two nations.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字首詞根與醫學/學術高階字彙辨析以及上下文語意邏輯搭配(Collocation)。
題幹中出現字首 bi-(表示「二、兩、雙」)結合不同字根形成的衍生形容詞,要求考生根據外交政治與國際關係語境,選出與「兩國之間會談」語意相符的正確搭配詞。


題幹翻譯與語意定位

"Head delegations from the countries are now at the negotiation tables in the first round of ______ talks, the results of which are hoped to be the beginning of improved relations between the two nations."

  • 定位關鍵句:句尾的「improved relations between the two nations(改善這兩個國家之間的關係)」以及句首的「negotiation tables(談判桌)」、「talks(會談)」。
  • 完整翻譯:兩國代表團團長目前正齊聚談判桌,展開首輪雙邊會談,各界期望會談結果能成為改善這兩國關係的開端。

解題方法

  1. 抓取前後邏輯線索:
    後方非限定關係子句清楚指出「between the two nations(在兩國之間)」,修飾前方的會談性質。因此空格所填入的形容詞必須具備「兩國間的、雙邊的」之意。
  2. 字首與字根拆解:
    所有選項皆具有拉丁字首 bi-(二、雙):
  • bi- + camera(房間、議院) →\rightarrow 雙院制的
  • bi- + focus(焦點) →\rightarrow 雙焦點的
  • bi- + nomen(名字、項) →\rightarrow 二項式的、二名法的
  • bi- + lateral(側、邊) →\rightarrow 雙邊的、兩側的
  • bi- + ped(腳) →\rightarrow 雙足的
    搭配「talks / negotiations(談判/會談)」,國際外交專用術語即為 bilateral talks(雙邊會談)。

選項分析

  • (A) bicameral(錯誤)
  • 結構:bi-(二) + camera(議事堂、房間) + -al(形容詞字尾)。
  • 字義:(議會)雙院制的(如英美國會分為參眾兩院或上下議院)。
  • 理由:常用於政治體制描述,如 bicameral legislature(雙院制立法機關),無法用來修飾兩國之間的外交會談。
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 20 題1 分

It is statistically proven that after a person’s early 20’s, the fascination with ______ declines, and his/her resistance to change increases.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「語境搭配」。關鍵在於理解:

  • novelty:新奇、新穎的事物
  • fascination with novelty:對新奇事物的著迷
  • resistance to change:抗拒改變

句意指出:人在二十歲出頭之後,對「新奇事物」的興趣會下降,而抗拒改變的程度會增加。因此空格應填能與「change(改變)」形成對比的 novelty(新奇)。

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句為:

after a person’s early 20’s, the fascination with ______ declines, and his/her resistance to change increases.

翻譯:

一個人過了二十歲出頭之後,對於新奇事物的著迷程度會下降,而他或她抗拒改變的程度會增加。

句中 declines 與 increases 形成對比;前者描述對新鮮事物的興趣減少,後者描述抗拒改變增加,兩者共同指向「新奇、新穎的事物」。

解題方法

先觀察空格前的搭配:

fascination with + 名詞

表示「對某事物的著迷、 fascination with something」。

再將各選項代入,判斷哪一個名詞能與後面的 resistance to change 在語意上形成合理關聯:

fascination with novelty declines
對新奇事物的著迷程度下降

這個搭配自然,且與「抗拒改變增加」互相呼應。年輕時較容易被新鮮、不同的事物吸引;年齡增長後,對新事物的熱情降低,對改變的抗拒提高,整體語意完整。

選項分析

(A) magnificence

  • 意思:壯麗;宏偉;華美
  • 代入後為:

fascination with magnificence declines

意思是「對壯麗事物的著迷程度下降」。雖然文法上可以成立,但 magnificence 指事物的宏偉或華美程度,與後文的「抗拒改變」沒有直接語意關聯。題幹談的是對新事物的接受度,而不是對華麗景象的欣賞,因此不選。

(B) novelty

  • 意思:新奇;新穎;新鮮感
  • 代入後為:

fascination with novelty declines

意思是「對新奇事物的著迷程度下降」。這與後面的 resistance to change increases 完整呼應:對新鮮事物的興趣降低,對改變的抗拒增加。因此為正確答案。

(C) replicas

  • 意思:複製品;仿製品;複本
  • replica 是可數名詞,複數為 replicas。
  • 代入後為:

fascination with replicas declines

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 21 題1 分

Developing a strategy that your company or military cannot execute, ______ wonderful, is simply bad strategy.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

題幹定位與翻譯

Developing a strategy that your company or military cannot execute, no matter how wonderful, is simply bad strategy.

翻譯:制定一項你的公司或軍隊無法執行的策略,不管它多麼美妙,終究就是糟糕的策略。

句中 no matter how wonderful 修飾前面的 a strategy,完整形式可還原為:

no matter how wonderful it is

也就是「不管它多麼美妙」。


核心觀念

本題考「讓步副詞子句」及 no matter how + 形容詞/副詞 的用法。

no matter how + adj./adv. 表示:

不管多麼……;無論如何……

基本結構為:

no matter how + 形容詞/副詞 + 主詞 + 動詞

例如:

  • No matter how difficult the task is, we must finish it.
    不管任務多麼困難,我們都必須完成。
  • No matter how beautiful the plan is, it must be practical.
    不管計畫多麼漂亮,都必須具備可行性。

本題中 no matter how wonderful 是省略形式,省略了 it is:

no matter how wonderful [it is]

wonderful 是形容詞,因此前面需要搭配 how,形成「多麼美妙」的程度表達。


解題方法

先分析主句結構:

Developing a strategy ... is simply bad strategy.

主詞是動名詞片語 Developing a strategy ...,動詞是單數形式 is。

其中:

  • a strategy:一項策略
  • that your company or military cannot execute:關係子句,修飾 strategy
  • no matter how wonderful:插入的讓步語,表示「不管這項策略多麼美妙」

句子的邏輯是:

即使策略本身很棒,只要公司或軍隊無法執行,制定它仍然是糟糕的策略。

因此空格必須填入能與形容詞 wonderful 搭配,並表示「不管多麼」的結構,即:

no matter how wonderful

所以選 (C)。


選項分析

(A) regardless

regardless 本身通常是副詞,表示「不顧;不論如何」,常見用法如下:

  • regardless of + 名詞/動名詞
  • regardless of whether + 子句
  • regardless(單獨作副詞)

本題的 regardless wonderful 缺乏必要的介系詞 of,也不能直接放在 wonderful 前面表示「不管多麼美妙」。

錯誤形式:

regardless wonderful

正確可改寫為:

regardless of how wonderful it is

因此 (A) 錯誤。


(B) no matter

no matter 後面通常需要接:

  • 疑問詞:no matter what/who/where/when/how
  • 或 whether 子句

例如:

  • no matter what happens
  • no matter how difficult it is
  • no matter whether he agrees
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 22 題1 分

Jony Ive, ______ with designing many of Apple's most successful products, has been promoted to be chief design officer.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「分詞片語」與「關係子句省略」,以及片語 be credited with + V-ing 的用法。

題幹主幹為:

Jony Ive has been promoted to be chief design officer.
Jony Ive 已被升任為首席設計長。

中間的 credited with designing many of Apple's most successful products 是補充說明 Jony Ive 的非限定分詞片語,可還原為:

Jony Ive, who is credited with designing many of Apple's most successful products, has been promoted...

其中:

  • credit A with B:認為 A 應對 B 負責、把 B 歸功於 A
  • be credited with + V-ing:被認為促成、被歸功於做某事
  • designing 為動名詞,因為介系詞 with 後面接名詞或動名詞

解題方法

先找句子的主要動詞:

has been promoted

主詞是 Jony Ive,主要句型已完整:

Jony Ive has been promoted...

逗點之間的部分是補充說明,不需要另一個完整的限定動詞,因此應使用分詞片語。

Jony Ive 是「被認為設計了許多產品的人」,與 credit 之間是被動關係:

Jony Ive is credited with designing...

將關係子句 who is credited with... 簡化時,保留過去分詞 credited,形成:

Jony Ive, credited with designing..., has been promoted...

因此選 (D) credited。

題幹定位與翻譯

Jony Ive, credited with designing many of Apple's most successful products, has been promoted to be chief design officer.

翻譯:

Jony Ive 被認為設計了許多 Apple 最成功的產品,已被升任為首席設計長。

選項分析

(A) credits

credits 是現在式第三人稱單數動詞,表示「把……歸功於」。

若填入句中:

Jony Ive, credits with designing..., has been promoted...

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 23 題1 分

______ a global nuclear war, life on earth as we know it would end forever.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「條件句中的倒裝句型」與「假設語氣」。

完整句型可寫成:

If there should be a global nuclear war, life on earth as we know it would end forever.

當條件句使用 should 表示「萬一、如果真的發生」時,可將 should 移到主詞前,省略 if:

Should there be a global nuclear war, ...

因此,Should there be = If there should be,屬於正式、書面化的條件句倒裝。

題幹完整翻譯為:

萬一發生全球核戰,照我們目前所知的地球生命將永遠終結。

解題方法

先觀察主句:

life on earth as we know it would end forever

主句使用 would + 原形動詞,表示假設情況下的結果,因此前面的空格應填入能表達「假設條件」的子句。

選項 D:

Should there be a global nuclear war

還原為:

If there should be a global nuclear war

其中:

  • should:表達低機率或強烈假設,意為「萬一」
  • there be:there is 的假設語氣形式
  • would end:假設結果「將會終結」

前後形成正確的假設條件關係:

Should there be ..., ... would end ...

關鍵單字與片語

  • global:全球的
  • nuclear war:核戰爭
  • life on earth:地球上的生命
  • as we know it:如我們所知的、照目前所認知的
  • end forever:永遠結束、永久終結
  • there be:存在、有……;在此指「發生……」
  • should there be:萬一有……、若真的發生……

選項分析

(A) There should be

There should be a global nuclear war, life on earth ... would end forever.

There should be 通常表示「應該有……」,屬於一般陳述句,不是條件句倒裝。此處需要的是「萬一發生核戰」的假設條件,而不是「應該有一場核戰」。

此外,題幹逗號後直接接主句,前半段若使用一般語序,必須有 if 才能構成條件句,因此 A 錯誤。

(B) If there will be

If there will be a global nuclear war, life ... would end forever.

在標準英文中,表示未來條件時,if 子句通常不用 will 表示單純的未來時態,應使用現在式:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 24 題1 分

______ the catastrophic flooding of New Orleans was caused not merely by a powerful storm but primarily by fatal engineering flaws in the city’s flood protection system has been proved by experts.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「名詞子句作主詞」以及連接詞的用法。

句子的主要結構為:

That S + V has been proved by experts.

其中,That 引導完整的名詞子句,整個子句作為句子的主詞;has been proved 是主要動詞。

名詞子句內容為:

the catastrophic flooding of New Orleans was caused not merely by a powerful storm but primarily by fatal engineering flaws in the city’s flood protection system

此子句本身具備完整的主詞與動詞:

  • 主詞:the catastrophic flooding of New Orleans
  • 動詞:was caused
  • 介系詞片語:by a powerful storm ...

解題方法

先找句子的主要動詞:

has been proved

在 has been proved 前方是一長串完整的子句:

the catastrophic flooding of New Orleans was caused ...

這表示空格需要填入能將整個子句「名詞化」的字,使其成為主要句子的主詞。

That 可引導名詞子句:

That the flooding was caused by engineering flaws has been proved.

意思是:

「洪水主要是由工程缺陷造成的這件事」已經由專家證實。

此外,名詞子句視為單數,因此搭配單數動詞 has been proved,文法完全正確。

題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句為:

That the catastrophic flooding of New Orleans was caused not merely by a powerful storm but primarily by fatal engineering flaws in the city’s flood protection system has been proved by experts.

翻譯:

紐奧良的災難性洪水不只是由強烈暴風雨造成,主要是由該市防洪系統致命的工程缺陷所造成,這件事已經由專家證實。

句首的 That 可翻譯為「……這件事」,但在英文中主要功能是引導名詞子句。

選項分析

(A) This

This 是指示代名詞,意為「這個、這件事」,不能直接引導後面的完整子句。

錯誤形式:

This the flooding was caused by a storm has been proved.

若要使用 This,須改為:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 25 題1 分

Hospitals are competing for a decreasing market share; ______, they are attempting to discover the most cost-effective and highest quality care.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「轉承副詞」的語意與上下文邏輯。前句說明醫院面臨「逐漸縮小的市場占有率」,後句說明因此採取的策略,兩句之間是「因果關係」。

關鍵句為:

Hospitals are competing for a decreasing market share; consequently, they are attempting to discover the most cost-effective and highest quality care.

翻譯:

醫院正為逐漸縮小的市場占有率而競爭;因此,它們試圖找出最具成本效益且品質最高的醫療照護。

前句是原因,後句是結果,因此應填入表示「因此、所以、結果」的 consequently。

解題方法

先判斷分號前後的邏輯:

  • 原因:市場占有率逐漸下降,醫院面臨更激烈的競爭。
  • 結果:醫院努力尋找兼具成本效益與高品質的醫療照護方式。

「市場縮小」會促使醫院改善照護效率與品質,以維持競爭力。因此空格需要因果轉承語。

consequently 表示「因此、所以、結果」,可放在分號後、逗號前,形成:

原因; consequently, 結果\text{原因};\ \text{consequently},\ \text{結果}

所以選擇 (E)。

選項分析

(A) however

however 意為「然而、不過」,表示轉折。

若填入:

Hospitals are competing for a decreasing market share; however, they are attempting to discover the most cost-effective and highest quality care.

意思變成:

醫院正為逐漸縮小的市場占有率而競爭;然而,它們試圖找出最具成本效益且品質最高的醫療照護。

後句並非前句的相反情況,而是前句所造成的合理反應,因此不合語意。

(B) on the whole

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 26 題1 分

“If not us, who is going to take care of the ______ Christians in Iraq, being one of the longest Christian communities ever in existence?” Jeb Bush said during a speech in Oklahoma City.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 分詞作形容詞
  2. 現在分詞與過去分詞的主動、被動差異
  3. 分詞修飾名詞時的語意判斷

空格位於名詞片語:

the ______ Christians in Iraq

空格需要填入能修飾 Christians 的形容詞或分詞。

Christians 是「受到迫害」的一方,因此要使用具有被動意義的過去分詞 persecuted,形成:

the persecuted Christians
遭受迫害的基督徒


解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句為:

If not us, who is going to take care of the persecuted Christians in Iraq, being one of the longest Christian communities ever in existence?

翻譯:

「如果不是我們,還有誰要照顧伊拉克那些遭受迫害的基督徒?他們是現存歷史最悠久的基督教社群之一。」Jeb Bush 在奧克拉荷馬市演講時如此表示。

判斷步驟如下:

  1. Christians 是名詞,空格要修飾它。
  2. persecute 意為「迫害」。
  3. 伊拉克的基督徒是「被別人迫害」,不是「迫害別人」。
  4. 因此須使用被動意義的過去分詞 persecuted。

句型可還原為:

Christians who are persecuted
遭受迫害的基督徒

將關係子句簡化後,即成為:

persecuted Christians


選項分析

(A) persecuting

persecuting 是現在分詞,表示主動進行「迫害」:

persecuting Christians
迫害基督徒的某人或某群體

若填入題目,會成為:

the persecuting Christians

意思接近「正在迫害別人的基督徒」,表示 Christians 是施動者,與題意中需要被照顧、受到迫害的對象不符,因此錯誤。


(B) persecuted

persecuted 是 persecute 的過去分詞,表示「被迫害的、遭受迫害的」。

the persecuted Christians
遭受迫害的基督徒

這裡的 persecuted 相當於:

Christians who are persecuted

語法與語意均正確,故選 B。


(C) being persecuted

being persecuted 是被動的分詞片語,意思是「正在被迫害」。

然而,直接放在 Christians 前面會形成:

the being persecuted Christians

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 27 題1 分

Scientific discoveries often happen unintentionally. In the early 20th century, Alexander Fleming noticed that the mold growing on one of the culture plates in his lab was killing all of the bacteria, ______ him to discover antibiotics.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念:分詞構句(Participle Clause / 分詞片語修飾前句)

本題測驗句型結構分析能力,核心文法概念為**「逗號後的分詞構句(修飾前面整個子句或事件)」與「動詞 lead 的三態變化」**。

  1. 句子結構剖析:
  • 主句主詞:Alexander Fleming
  • 主句動詞:noticed
  • 受詞子句(that 引導的名詞子句):that the mold growing on one of the culture plates in his lab was killing all of the bacteria
  • 子句主詞:the mold(後接分詞片語 growing on... 作後位修飾)
  • 子句動詞:was killing
  • 子句受詞:all of the bacteria
  • 逗號之後:, ______ him to discover antibiotics.
  • 此處前面已是一個結構完整的主句,逗號後面並無對等連接詞(如 and, but),亦無從屬連接詞,因此空格處絕對不能放限定動詞(finite verb),否則會形成 Run-on sentence(逗號接合兩主句的文法錯誤 comma splice)。
  • 此處應使用「非限定動詞(Non-finite verb)」所構成的分詞片語,修飾前面整件事(Fleming 觀察到黴菌殺死細菌這件事),表主動、伴隨或因果關係,由 which led... 簡化為分詞構句 leading...。
  1. lead 的動詞變化:
  • 原形:lead /liːd/
  • 過去式:led /led/
  • 過去分詞:led /led/
  • 現在分詞:leading /ˈliːdɪŋ/

題幹定位與翻譯

  • 題幹原文:
    Scientific discoveries often happen unintentionally. In the early 20th century, Alexander Fleming noticed that the mold growing on one of the culture plates in his lab was killing all of the bacteria, leading him to discover antibiotics.
  • 中譯:
    科學上的重大發現往往出於偶然。在二十世紀初,亞歷山大.弗萊明注意到他實驗室裡其中一個培養皿上生長的黴菌正在殺死所有的細菌,這進而促使他發現了抗生素。

關鍵單字與片語

  • unintentionally (adv.):無意地;偶然地
  • culture plate (n.):培養皿
  • bacteria (n. pl.):細菌(單數形式為 bacterium)
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 28 題1 分

Joey Alexander, whose parents are Christians, ______ his unique talent as being “a gift from God.”

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗重點包含兩大層面:

  1. 句型結構與動詞時態判斷:分析主要子句結構,確認空格處在句中扮演「主要動詞(Main Verb)」的角色,排除非限定動詞(V-ing 分詞)形式。
  2. 動詞語意與慣用搭配詞(Collocation):掌握核心動詞 attribute 的常見句型 attribute A to B 或 attribute A as B(將 A 歸因於/視為 B),並與其他動詞的用法及語意進行辨析。

題幹句型結構與翻譯

  • 題幹結構分析:
    [Joey Alexander (主詞)], [whose parents are Christians (關係代名詞非限定子句,補充說明主詞)], [______ (主要動詞)] [his unique talent (受詞)] [as being “a gift from God” (受詞補語/介詞片語)].
  • 題幹原文與翻譯:
  • 原文:Joey Alexander, whose parents are Christians, ______ his unique talent as being “a gift from God.”
  • 中文翻譯:雙親皆為基督徒的喬伊·亞歷山大(Joey Alexander),將他獨特的才華視為/歸功於「來自上帝的恩賜」。

解題方法

  1. 第一步:文法結構判斷(刪除分詞選項)
    本句主詞為專有名詞 Joey Alexander(第三人稱單數),中間夾帶逗號隔開的非限定關係子句 whose parents are Christians。後面需要一個**有限定動詞(Finite Verb)**作為整個句子的主要動詞。
  • (B) attributing 與 (D) committing 皆為現在分詞/動名詞(V-ing),無法單獨擔任主要述語動詞,否則全句會缺乏主要動詞而形成不完整句(Sentence Fragment),故直接刪除 (B)、(D)。
  1. 第二步:動詞語意與搭配詞判斷
    剩下 (A) distributes、(C) commits、(E) attributes,皆為第三人稱單數現在式動詞:
  • 語境中提到主角將自己的特殊音樂才能形容為「上帝的禮物」,此處考查動詞 attribute 的用法。
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 29 題1 分

When a patient is near death, a doctor should not be obliged to embark upon or continue heroic treatment ______ has no prospect of benefiting the patient.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

題幹翻譯與語境解析

原句:
"When a patient is near death, a doctor should not be obliged to embark upon or continue heroic treatment which has no prospect of benefiting the patient."

中文翻譯:
「當病人瀕臨死亡時,醫師不應被迫展開或繼續進行毫無機會使病人獲益的積極搶救治療(無效醫療)。」


核心觀念

  1. 關係代名詞(Relative Pronouns)作主詞:
    本題測試「形容詞子句(關係子句)」的引導詞選擇。空格後方緊接動詞片語 has no prospect of...,缺少主詞,因此空格必須填入具備「主格代名詞」功能的關係詞。
  2. 先行詞的性質(人 vs. 物):
    先行詞為 heroic treatment(積極搶救治療/特殊生命維持治療),屬於「事物/名詞概念」,而非人類。修飾事物且在形容詞子句中作主詞者,應使用 which 或 that。

重要單字與片語解析

  • be near death(phr.):瀕臨死亡
  • be obliged to + V(phr.):被迫做……;有義務做……
  • embark upon / on(phr.):著手進行、展開(某計畫或行動)
  • heroic treatment(n. phr.):英雄式/積極搶救治療(醫學上指對瀕死或重症末期病患採取的強烈侵入性急救手段,如 CPR、體外循環等)
  • prospect(n.):指望、前景、獲益可能性(常搭配 prospect of + N/V-ing)

解題方法

  1. 分析句子架構:
  • 副詞子句:When a patient is near death
  • 主要子句:a doctor (S) should not be obliged (V) to embark upon or continue heroic treatment (O)
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 30 題1 分

Sting, a supporter for humanitarian and environmental causes, established the Rainforest Foundation, an organization, ______.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「關係代名詞的所有格用法」,以及非限定關係子句的結構。

句中先行詞為 an organization,後面的空格引導關係子句,說明該組織的目標。因此需要表達:

the organization’s goal
該組織的目標

表示「某人的/某物的……」時,關係代名詞要使用所有格 whose:

whose + 名詞
whose goal = 其目標、該組織的目標

題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句為:

Sting, a supporter for humanitarian and environmental causes, established the Rainforest Foundation, an organization, whose goal is to help save the world’s rainforests.

翻譯:

Sting 是人道及環境議題的支持者,他成立了雨林基金會;這是一個旨在協助拯救全世界雨林的組織。

其中:

  • humanitarian causes:人道事業、人道議題
  • environmental causes:環境議題
  • establish:成立、創立
  • Rainforest Foundation:雨林基金會
  • organization:組織
  • whose goal:其目標、該組織的目標
  • help save:幫助拯救
  • rainforest:雨林

解題方法

先觀察空格後面的結構:

______ goal is to help save ...

空格後直接接名詞 goal,因此空格必須能在關係子句中表示「該組織的」。符合「關係代名詞所有格」的形式是:

whose + goal

完整句型為:

an organization whose goal is to help save the world’s rainforests

由於先行詞 an organization 是事物,且句意是「一個其目標是……的組織」,使用 whose 最恰當。

逗號表示此處為補充說明的非限定關係子句:

an organization, whose goal ...

關係子句補充說明這個組織的宗旨,而 whose 仍可用於指人或指物的所有關係。

選項分析

(A) whose goal is to help save the world’s rainforests

正確。whose 是關係代名詞 who/which 的所有格形式,可指人也可指物,後面接名詞 goal:

whose goal = the organization’s goal

此外,is to help save 結構正確,表示「目標是幫助拯救」。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 31 題1 分

Ethnocentrism is the view that one’s own culture is better than all others. People will always find some aspect of another culture distasteful, ______ sexual practices, a way of treating friends or relatives, or simply a food that they cannot manage to get down with a smile.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「be it A, B, or C」的慣用句型,意思是「不論是 A、B,還是 C」。這是由 whether it be A, B, or C 簡化而來的倒裝結構:

  • be it + 名詞:不論是……
  • be they + 複數名詞:不論它們是……

句中的 be it 並非一般的「它是」,而是用來列舉不同例子,表示「令人反感的文化層面可能是以下任何一種」。

解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句為:

People will always find some aspect of another culture distasteful, ______ sexual practices, a way of treating friends or relatives, or simply a food that they cannot manage to get down with a smile.

翻譯:

人們總會覺得另一種文化的某些方面令人反感,不論是性習俗、對待朋友或親戚的方式,還是某種他們無法面帶微笑吞下去的食物。

逗點後接著列出三種「令人反感的文化方面」:

  1. sexual practices
  2. a way of treating friends or relatives
  3. simply a food

空格需要填入一個能引導這組列舉、表示「不論是哪一種」的結構。be it A, B, or C 完全符合句意與文法,因此選 (A) be it。

完整句子為:

People will always find some aspect of another culture distasteful, be it sexual practices, a way of treating friends or relatives, or simply a food that they cannot manage to get down with a smile.

選項分析

(A) be it:正確

be it A, B, or C 是正式英文常見的讓步/列舉句型,完整形式可理解為:

whether it be A, B, or C

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 32 題1 分

She will not say what the item is, claiming that she won't divulge the secret of a valuable or important item to people she does not know and can ______ be expected to trust.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考副詞的語意辨析,以及「情態動詞 + 被動語態」的句型:

can hardly be expected to trust

其中:

  • can:能夠、可以
  • be expected to + V:被期待、被認為會……
  • hardly:幾乎不、很難

can hardly be expected to trust 表示「幾乎不可能被期待會信任」,也就是「很難合理地期待她會信任」。

句意是:她不願透露這項物品是什麼,因為她不會把珍貴或重要物品的秘密透露給自己不認識、也幾乎不可能信任的人。


解題方法

定位關鍵句:

people she does not know and can ______ be expected to trust

翻譯為:

她不認識、而且很難期待自己會信任的人。

前半句 people she does not know 已經表示「陌生人」。對陌生人通常是「幾乎不會信任」,因此空格需要填入表示「幾乎不」的副詞。

hardly 可表示「幾乎不、很難」,放入後為:

people she does not know and can hardly be expected to trust

完整意思:

她不認識,而且很難期待自己會信任的人。

因此答案為 hardly。


句型與語意解析

be expected to trust 是被動句型:

  • 主動概念:People expect her to trust them.
  • 被動概念:She is expected to trust them.

本題使用:

can hardly be expected to trust

可理解為:

幾乎不能合理地期待她會信任……

hardly 本身帶有近似否定的語氣,等於:

can almost not be expected to trust

但英文習慣使用 hardly,因此語氣自然、簡潔。


選項分析

(A) hardly

hardly 意為「幾乎不、很難」,符合陌生人不值得信任的語境。

can hardly be expected to trust

意為「很難期待她會信任」,語意完整且自然。

正確。

(B) merely

merely 意為「僅僅、只是」,表示程度或範圍上的限制,例如:

merely a suggestion
只是一個建議

若填入:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 33 題1 分

For each sentence, choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.

During the “dot-com” bubble in the United States, which has lasted from the mid-1990s to 2001, many companies, to increase market share, purposely sold products at a loss, a scheme they believed would increase the company’s customer base and lead to future profits.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「關係代名詞子句的時態」,重點是判斷事件是否已經在過去某一時間點結束。

句中先行詞為 the “dot-com” bubble,後面的關係子句是:

which has lasted from the mid-1990s to 2001

「from the mid-1990s to 2001」表示網路泡沫從 1990 年代中期持續到 2001 年,已經在過去結束,因此應使用過去式 lasted,不能使用現在完成式 has lasted。

現在完成式通常表示:

  1. 過去開始,持續到現在:
    The project has lasted for three years.
    這項計畫已持續三年,且目前仍可能持續。
  2. 過去發生,但與現在仍有關聯。

本題的泡沫明確結束於 2001 年,與現在完成式所暗示的「延續至今」不合。

題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句為:

During the “dot-com” bubble in the United States, which has lasted from the mid-1990s to 2001, many companies, to increase market share, purposely sold products at a loss, a scheme they believed would increase the company’s customer base and lead to future profits.

翻譯:

在美國從 1990 年代中期持續到 2001 年的「網路泡沫」期間,許多公司為了提高市場占有率,故意以虧損價格銷售產品;他們相信這種策略會增加公司的客戶群,並帶來未來的利潤。

其中 which has lasted 修飾 the “dot-com” bubble,但既然該泡沫已於 2001 年結束,應改為:

which lasted from the mid-1990s to 2001

解題方法

先找出關係代名詞 which 所修飾的名詞,再觀察時間副詞片語:

from the mid-1990s to 2001

這個時間範圍具有明確的過去終點 2001 年,表示事件已完成。因此:

  • has lasted:現在完成式,暗示持續到現在,不合語意。
  • lasted:過去式,表示從過去某時開始,並在 2001 年結束,正確。

選項分析

(A) which has lasted

錯誤。

has lasted 是現在完成式,通常表示「從過去持續到現在」。但網路泡沫的期間只到 2001 年,並未延續到現在,因此時態不當。

應改為:

which lasted from the mid-1990s to 2001

(B) to increase market share

正確。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 34 題1 分

For each sentence, choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.

The truth is, Geraldine, that in your case as an undergraduate student, you are not studying adequate enough, and you may find yourself in an awkward predicament sometime soon in the near future.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 形容詞與副詞的詞性辨識
  2. 副詞修飾動詞
  3. 搭配與語意冗贅

題幹中的關鍵結構是:

you are not studying adequate enough

此處 studying 是動詞,表示「讀書、研習」;修飾動詞應使用副詞,因此應為 adequately,不能使用形容詞 adequate。


題幹定位與翻譯

定位答案的句子為:

The truth is, Geraldine, that in your case as an undergraduate student, you are not studying adequate enough, and you may find yourself in an awkward predicament sometime soon in the near future.

翻譯:

事實是,Geraldine,就你這個大學生的情況而言,你讀書讀得還不夠充分,而且在不久的將來,你可能會發現自己陷入尷尬的困境。

其中:

  • The truth is that...:事實是……
  • in your case:就你的情況而言
  • undergraduate student:大學生、學士班學生
  • study adequately:充分地讀書
  • predicament:困境、窘境
  • in the near future:在不久的將來

解題方法

先判斷畫線部分在句中的詞性與功能:

you are not studying ______ enough

studying 是動詞,空格內容需要修飾「讀書」這個動作,因此應使用副詞。

  • adequate 是形容詞,意思是「足夠的、充分的」。
  • adequately 是副詞,意思是「充分地、足夠地」。

正確句子應改為:

you are not studying adequately enough

或更自然地寫成:

you are not studying adequately.

因此錯誤在 (C) adequate enough。


選項分析

(A) that

that 是名詞子句的連接詞,連接:

The truth is
that ...

The truth is that... 是正確且常見的句型,意思是「事實是……」。此處 that 引導名詞子句,作為 is 後面的補語,使用正確。


(B) as an undergraduate student

as 可表示「身為……、以……身分」,因此:

as an undergraduate student

表示「身為大學生」。

整體片語修飾 in your case,說明「就你身為大學生的情況而言」,文法與語意均可成立。雖然也可以簡化成 as an undergraduate,但原句並沒有文法錯誤。


(C) adequate enough

這是本題錯誤所在。

adequate 是形容詞,通常用來修飾名詞,例如:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 35 題1 分

For each sentence, choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.

The fact is that still we do not know why some people become addicts and others do not although there are many theories that reason that some people simply have an “addictive personality type”, being far more susceptible to the reward mechanism that produces addiction while others still believe that it is the addicts’ lack of will power to refrain without taking drugs or alcohol.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 動詞搭配與介系詞用法:refrain from + V-ing 表示「避免/克制不做某事」。
  2. 副詞位置:still 可放在助動詞或主要動詞之前。
  3. 分詞片語與句子結構:being far more susceptible... 用來補充說明前面的 some people。
  4. 平行結構:some people ... while others ... 表示兩類人的對比。

關鍵片語:

  • addict:成癮者
  • addictive personality type:成癮型人格
  • susceptible to:容易受到……影響
  • reward mechanism:獎賞機制
  • lack of willpower:缺乏意志力
  • refrain from V-ing:克制不做……
  • take drugs or alcohol:使用毒品或飲酒

解題方法

先找出句中具有固定搭配的動詞,尤其是介系詞不可省略的用法。題幹後半段討論「成癮者缺乏克制自己不使用毒品或酒精的意志力」,正確英文應為:

refrain from taking drugs or alcohol

原句卻寫成:

refrain without taking drugs or alcohol

refrain 作為「克制、避免」使用時,必須搭配 from,後接名詞或動名詞。因此應改為:

the addicts’ lack of willpower to refrain from taking drugs or alcohol

定位答案的原文與翻譯

原文:

others still believe that it is the addicts’ lack of will power to refrain without taking drugs or alcohol.

正確修正:

others still believe that it is the addicts’ lack of willpower to refrain from taking drugs or alcohol.

翻譯:

其他人仍然相信,這是因為成癮者缺乏克制自己不使用毒品或酒精的意志力。

選項分析

(A) The fact is that still

still 放在 we do not know 前面最自然:

The fact is that we still do not know...

不過,still 放在子句開頭也不構成明確文法錯誤:

The fact is that still we do not know...

本句語意仍清楚,表示「事實是,我們至今仍不知道……」。因此不是本題官方指定的錯誤。

(B) theories that reason that

reason 作動詞時,可表示「推理、推論、認為」,reason that... 可接一個完整子句,表達「推論……」。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 36 題1 分

For each sentence, choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.

In Antarctica, a massive wall that for years was an obstacle to whale watchers receded in 2010 to reveal a shallow channel full of feeding humpbacks.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 關係子句的結構:that ... was an obstacle to ...
  2. 時態與時間副詞的搭配,尤其是 for years 與過去完成式的使用。
  3. 分詞片語 feeding humpbacks 的修飾功能。

for years 表示「持續多年的一段時間」。當這段狀態發生在另一個已明確發生的過去事件之前,通常使用過去完成式,以表示「過去的過去」。


題幹定位與翻譯

題幹中的關係子句為:

a massive wall that for years was an obstacle to whale watchers receded in 2010

可翻譯為:

一道巨大的冰牆,多年來一直是賞鯨者的阻礙,於 2010 年消退,露出一條充滿覓食座頭鯨的淺水道。

句中主要事件是 receded in 2010(於 2010 年消退),而「多年來一直是阻礙」發生在消退之前,因此較精確的英文應為:

a massive wall that had for years been an obstacle to whale watchers receded in 2010


解題方法

先找出句子的主要動詞:

the massive wall receded in 2010

that for years was an obstacle to whale watchers 是修飾 wall 的關係子句。其中 was an obstacle 表示這道冰牆過去曾是阻礙,而 for years 表示該狀態持續多年。

由於「持續多年的阻礙狀態」早於「2010 年消退」,標準時態應使用過去完成式:

had been an obstacle

官方答案將錯誤定位在 (B) for years,其立論是:for years 所形成的持續時間概念,應搭配能表達「在另一個過去事件之前已持續一段時間」的過去完成式。因此完整修正為:

that had for years been an obstacle to whale watchers


選項分析

(A) that

that 為關係代名詞,代替前面的先行詞 a massive wall,引導關係子句:

a massive wall that ... was an obstacle ...

在子句中,that 具有主詞功能,後面接動詞,因此用法正確。


(B) for years——答案

for years 意為「多年來」,表示某種狀態持續了多年。

本句有明確的過去時間 in 2010,且「成為賞鯨者的阻礙」發生在冰牆於 2010 年消退之前。依官方答案的命題判斷,此處應改用過去完成式,完整形式為:

that had for years been an obstacle to whale watchers

因此官方將錯誤標示為 (B) for years。


🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 37 題1 分

For each sentence, choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.

Comparing its competitors in the energy space, the renewable energy industry is young. The biggest renewable energy employers, solar PV (1.6 million jobs) and wind (356,000), blow away the number of people employed in either of those industries in any other country, by multiples.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查分詞構句(Participle Clause)的主動與被動判斷,以及慣用介系詞搭配(Collocation)。

  1. 分詞構句的主詞一致性:
    句首的副詞子句簡化為分詞構句時,省略的邏輯主詞必須與主要子句的主詞一致。若主要子句主詞發出該動作,用現在分詞(V-ing\text{V-ing});若主要子句主詞「被……」或處於被動關係,則必須使用過去分詞(V-ed\text{V-ed})。
  2. compare 的用法與搭配:
  • 「與……相比」作為插入句或修飾語時,慣用語固定為 Compared with/to + 名詞(以過去分詞表示被動比較),主詞為被拿來做比較的事物。
  • 動詞 compare 當及物動詞時,結構為 compare A with/to B(將 A 與 B 進行比較)。若單獨使用主動分詞 Comparing its competitors,受詞是 competitors,整句邏輯主詞變成主要子句的主詞 the renewable energy industry,語意會變成「再生能源產業自己去比較其競爭對手……」,文法結構缺漏對照對象(缺 with/to B),且語意不合邏輯。

解題方法

  1. 定位有問題的句子:
    Comparing its competitors in the energy space, the renewable energy industry is young.
  2. 抓出主要子句主詞:
    主要子句的主詞是 the renewable energy industry(再生能源產業)。
  3. 判斷與前置分詞的動賓/主被動關係:
    再生能源產業並不是主動去執行比較的動作,而是「與……相比」(被拿來跟其在能源領域的競爭對手比較)。
  4. 修正方式:
    應改為過去分詞片語引導的比較結構:
    →\rightarrow Compared with [to] its competitors in the energy space, the renewable energy industry is young.

選項分析

  • (A) Comparing its competitors(錯誤,為本題正解)
    文法錯誤。句首表示「與……相比」時,應使用過去分詞片語 Compared with/to...。原句使用主動現在分詞 Comparing,且漏掉連接比較的介系詞 with/to,導致文意變成「再生能源產業去比較它的競爭對手」,缺乏主從邏輯合理性與正確搭配。

  • (B) in the energy space(正確)
    名詞 space 在此作引申義,指商業、科技或產業中的「領域、範疇」(field, sector, or arena)。in the energy space 意為「在能源領域中」,介系詞搭配與語意完全正確。

  • (C) solar PV (1.6 million jobs)(正確)
    此處作為前方主詞片語 The biggest renewable energy employers(最大的再生能源雇主)的同位語

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 38 題1 分

For each sentence, choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.

When asking to conserve water, many people were disappointed that the government did not set a similar mandate for age. Before the order, the state had already turned off the tap for many farmers. And now it’s making further cuts.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗核心為「分詞構句(Participle Construction)的邏輯主詞與主被動判斷」以及「連詞引導的省略副詞子句」。
當副詞連接詞(如 when, while, after, before 等)保留,後面接分詞片語時,該分詞的邏輯主詞必須與主要子句的主詞一致:

  • 若邏輯主詞為主動執行動作,分詞用現在分詞(V-ing\text{V-ing})。
  • 若邏輯主詞為承受動作(被動),分詞用過去分詞(V-ed\text{V-ed} / p.p.\text{p.p.})。

解題方法

  1. 定位主句主詞與動詞:
    主要子句為 "... many people were disappointed that the government did not set a similar mandate for age.",其主詞為 many people(許多人)。
  2. 還原副詞子句並檢驗邏輯主詞:
    首句為保留連接詞的分詞構句:When asking to conserve water, many people...。
    還原為完整副詞子句時,主詞應與主要子句主詞相同:
  • 原句邏輯:When many people asked to conserve water...(當許多人要求節約用水時……)
  • 上下文語境:政府要求民眾節水,因此「民眾」是被要求節水的一方,動作是被動語態:
    →\rightarrow 完整子句應為:When they were asked to conserve water...
  • 簡化為分詞構句時,省略主詞與 be 動詞,應保留過去分詞:
    →\rightarrow When asked to conserve water(被要求節約用水時)。
    因此,(A) 使用主動態的 asking 屬於文法錯誤(Dangling Modifier / 語態錯誤)。

選項分析

  • (A) When asking to conserve water【錯誤,為本題正解】
    主要子句的主詞是 many people(民眾)。在語意上,民眾是被政府「要求/呼籲」節省用水,而非民眾主動去要求別人節水。本句為被動語態,還原後應為 When (they were) asked to conserve water,故應將 asking 改為過去分詞 asked。
  • (B) many people were disappointed【正確】
    主要子句的主詞為 many people,動詞為被動/形容詞用法的 were disappointed(感到失望),後面接名詞子句 that... 引導失望的內容,文法結構完全正確。
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 39 題1 分

For each sentence, choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.

Neither another penny will we spend on your education unless your grades improve and you become responsible for your work.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

題目翻譯與解析

原句引文:
"Neither another penny will we spend on your education unless your grades improve and you become responsible for your work."
中文翻譯:
「除非你的成績有所進步,並且對自己的課業負責,否則我們不會再為你的教育多花一分錢。」


核心觀念

本題測驗「否定副詞置於句首之倒裝句(Inversion)」與「否定詞的使用搭配與詞性辨析(Not vs. Neither)」。

  1. 否定副詞/詞組置於句首的倒裝結構:
    當含有否定或半否定涵義的副詞或副詞片語(如 Not, Never, Seldom, Rarely, Scarcely, Under no circumstances 等)修飾整個句子或其名詞受詞置於句首以示強調時,主句須採「助動詞/be動詞+主詞+主要動詞」的疑問句語序倒裝。
  2. Not 與 Neither 的語法功能差異:
  • Not 為副詞,可用來修飾名詞片語(如否定數量:Not a single penny / Not another penny)形成否定受詞片語置於句首:
    Not another penny+助動詞+主詞+動詞...\text{Not another penny} + \text{助動詞} + \text{主詞} + \text{動詞...}
  • Neither 具有代名詞、形容詞(限定詞)或對等連接詞的性質,通常用於「兩者皆非」(neither of them, neither choice)或引導對等子句表示附和(..., and neither will we / neither... nor...)。本句並無前置否定句供其承接附和,亦無 nor 的並列對稱結構,更不可直接置於名詞片語 another penny 前作為修飾語。

解題方法

  1. 分析全句語法結構:
  • 主句核心動詞結構為倒裝語序:will we spend [受詞] on your education。
  • 原文的受詞為「錢」(another penny),且語氣為強烈否定「不會再多花一毛錢」。
  • 由倒裝語序 will we spend 可知,句首必為一個修飾受詞或修飾全句的「否定詞」。
  1. 辨別句首詞性與用法:
  • 若要否定計量受詞「另一分錢」,正確的否定詞應為 Not,構成 Not another penny will we spend...(原句未倒裝前為:We will not spend another penny on your education...)。
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 40 題1 分

For each sentence, choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.

Facebook has had internal question-and-answer sessions whose employees can pose questions to CEO Mark Zuckerberg on topics ranging from the social media site itself to the direction of the company.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「關係代名詞 whose 的先行詞與語意合理性」,並兼考:

  • 現在完成式:have/has+p.p.have/has + p.p.
  • 關係代名詞的先行詞判斷
  • range from A to B 的固定搭配
  • 主詞與動詞的數一致

whose + 名詞 表示「某人/某物的……」,其中 whose 的先行詞必須在文法與語意上合理。


題幹定位與翻譯

錯誤部分位於:

Facebook has had internal question-and-answer sessions whose employees can pose questions to CEO Mark Zuckerberg...

原句可翻譯為:

Facebook 曾舉辦內部問答會議,而這些會議的員工可以向執行長 Mark Zuckerberg 提問,主題範圍從該社群媒體網站本身到公司的發展方向。

問題在於 whose employees。whose 的先行詞是前面的 internal question-and-answer sessions,因此字面上變成:

「這些問答會議的員工」

然而,員工並不是問答會議所擁有的成員;真正要表達的是「員工可以在這些會議中提問」。因此應改為:

internal question-and-answer sessions in which employees can pose questions...

也可寫成:

internal question-and-answer sessions during which employees can pose questions...


解題方法

先找出句子的主要結構:

Facebook has had [internal question-and-answer sessions] [whose employees can pose questions...]

主句為:

  • 主詞:Facebook
  • 動詞:has had
  • 受詞:internal question-and-answer sessions

後面的關係子句修飾 sessions。此時檢查 whose + 名詞:

sessions whose employees

whose 表示所有或所屬關係,會把 employees 解讀為 sessions 的員工。語意不成立,因此 B 為錯誤部分。


選項分析

(A) has had

has had 是現在完成式,表示 Facebook 過去曾舉辦這類活動,且此經驗或狀態與現在仍有關聯。

have/has 後接過去分詞 had,形式正確:

Facebook has had internal question-and-answer sessions.

因此 A 沒有錯誤。


(B) whose employees

這是本題錯誤所在。

whose 後面接名詞,表示「某人/某物的……」,例如:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 41 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Medicom (sales in thousands)

🖼️【此處有附圖,請對照原卷】

According to the chart, in which period did the sales plummet most dramatically?

本題附圖正在準備中,以下為原卷對應頁面:
原卷第 4 頁

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查圖表判讀,以及英文片語 plummet dramatically 的語意。

  • plummet:暴跌、急遽下降
  • dramatically:大幅地、劇烈地
  • sales:銷售量、銷售額
  • period:期間
  • according to the chart:根據圖表

判斷「下降最劇烈」時,應比較各相鄰月份之間的下降幅度,而不是只看哪個月份的銷售量最低。

解題方法

由圖表可讀出各月份銷售量約為:

  • January:5,000
  • February:1,000
  • April:2,000
  • May:5,500
  • June:6,500
  • July:5,500
  • September:5,200
  • October:3,000
  • November:4,000

比較各選項的變化:

  • January → February:5,000−1,000=4,0005{,}000-1{,}000=4{,}000,下降最多
  • April → May:由 2,0002{,}000 上升至約 5,5005{,}500
  • June → July:6,500−5,500=1,0006{,}500-5{,}500=1{,}000,下降
  • September → October:約 5,200−3,000=2,2005{,}200-3{,}000=2{,}200,下降
  • October → November:由 3,0003{,}000 上升至 4,0004{,}000

因此,銷售量下降幅度最大的是 January 至 February。

題幹關鍵句:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 42 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

For many people, certain fiction books have a special meaning. A story that a person read when they were young, for example, can make them nostalgic for their childhood. But why should people read them? To people who enjoy reading fiction books may simply find them irresistible. On the contrary, people who are not interested in fiction may find it monotonous and boring, or they feel the formal language of literature is unintelligible. Many people prefer reading nonfiction or the news because the language is more straightforward and easier to understand. However, some researchers believe they have found definitive proof that reading fiction is actually beneficial for the human brain. A research team at the University of Toronto led by Professor Maja Kjikic, for example, found that people who read literary fiction become more open-minded and creative in their thinking, and are also better able to deal with uncertainty.

People who do not appreciate fiction think ______.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 閱讀理解:根據題幹定位人物的看法。
  2. 同義字辨析:選項中的單字是否能正確對應原文。
  3. 語意配對:判斷「小說本身」與「文學語言」各自具有的特徵。

題幹指出,不喜歡小說的人可能認為:

  • 小說內容「單調、無聊」:monotonous and boring
  • 文學作品的正式語言「難以理解」:unintelligible

因此,必須將兩組意思正確配對。

關鍵句定位與翻譯

題幹中的關鍵句是:

people who are not interested in fiction may find it monotonous and boring, or they feel the formal language of literature is unintelligible.

翻譯:

不喜歡小說的人,可能會覺得小說單調乏味,也可能覺得文學作品的正式語言難以理解。

其中:

  • it 指前面的 fiction,也就是小說。
  • monotonous and boring 修飾小說內容,表示「單調而無聊」。
  • the formal language of literature 表示「文學作品的正式語言」。
  • unintelligible 表示「難以理解的、無法明白的」。

解題方法

先將原文資訊整理成對應關係:

對象原文描述中文意思
fiction reading/fictionmonotonous and boring單調、無聊
literature languageunintelligible難以理解

再檢查選項中的兩個形容詞是否放在正確對象上。

humdrum 是「單調乏味的」,可對應 monotonous and boring。

incomprehensible 是「難以理解的、無法理解的」,可對應 unintelligible。

所以正確配對為:

fiction reading is humdrum and literature language is incomprehensible

選項分析

(A) fiction reading is illegible and literature language is humdrum

錯誤。

  • illegible 指「字跡潦草而無法辨認」,通常用來形容 handwriting、writing、text,例如「難以辨認的字跡」。
  • 原文形容小說的是 monotonous and boring,應為「單調、無聊」,不是 illegible。
  • humdrum 雖有「單調乏味」之意,卻被錯放在 literature language 上。

此選項同時混淆字義與修飾對象。

(B) fiction reading is humdrum and literature language is incomprehensible

正確。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 43 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

For many people, certain fiction books have a special meaning. A story that a person read when they were young, for example, can make them nostalgic for their childhood. But why should people read them? To people who enjoy reading fiction books may simply find them irresistible. On the contrary, people who are not interested in fiction may find it monotonous and boring, or they feel the formal language of literature is unintelligible. Many people prefer reading nonfiction or the news because the language is more straightforward and easier to understand. However, some researchers believe they have found definitive proof that reading fiction is actually beneficial for the human brain. A research team at the University of Toronto led by Professor Maja Kjikic, for example, found that people who read literary fiction become more open-minded and creative in their thinking, and are also better able to deal with uncertainty.

Based on the researches, people who enjoy reading fiction might ______.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「閱讀理解」與「同義改寫」。解題重點是將文章中的研究結論,與選項中的英文敘述逐一比對。

文章指出,閱讀文學小說的人:

  • 會變得更 open-minded:思想更開放、心胸更寬容。
  • 會更有 creative thinking:思考更具創意。
  • 也更能 deal with uncertainty:處理不確定性。
  • 能夠在 ambiguity(模糊、不明確的情況)下有效思考與行動。

因此,正確選項必須同時符合「心態更寬容」與「能有效處理不確定情況」這兩層意思。

解題方法

先定位文章中直接說明研究結果的句子:

“A research team at the University of Toronto led by Professor Maja Kjikic, for example, found that people who read literary fiction become more open-minded and creative in their thinking, and are also better able to deal with uncertainty.”

翻譯:

例如,由 Maja Kjikic 教授領導的多倫多大學研究團隊發現,閱讀文學小說的人在思考上會變得更開放、更有創意,也更能處理不確定性。

題目問:

“Based on the researches, people who enjoy reading fiction might ______.”

意思是:

根據這些研究,喜歡閱讀小說的人可能會……

選項 B 的:

  • develop a mind of better tolerance:培養出更具包容性的心態。
  • work effectively under ambiguity:在模糊、不確定的情況下有效工作。

這正好對應文章的 become more open-minded 與 better able to deal with uncertainty,因此選 B。

關鍵單字與片語

  • fiction:小說、虛構文學
  • nonfiction:非小說類作品、紀實作品
  • nostalgic:懷舊的
  • irresistible:無法抗拒的
  • monotonous:單調的
  • unintelligible:難以理解的
  • straightforward:直接易懂的
  • definitive proof:確切的證據
  • literary fiction:文學小說
  • open-minded:思想開放的、心胸寬廣的
  • creative:有創意的
  • deal with:處理、應付
  • uncertainty:不確定性
  • ambiguity:模糊性、不明確
  • tolerance:包容、寬容

文法與語意重點

  1. become + 形容詞

文章中的 become more open-minded and creative 表示「變得更加開放且有創意」。

  1. be better able to + 原形動詞

be better able to deal with uncertainty 表示「更有能力處理不確定性」。

  1. 同義改寫

選項不一定逐字重現文章,而是以近義詞改寫:

  • open-minded → a mind of better tolerance
  • deal with uncertainty → work effectively under ambiguity

閱讀理解題應掌握語意對應,不宜只因選項沒有使用文章原字詞就排除。

補充而言,題幹中的句子:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 44 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Distinguishing between which kind of stress we feel can sometimes be tricky. Stress is sometimes meant to benefit us, but this does not always happen. Some students find that the stress from taking tests enhances their performance, while others find that test taking makes them forget everything they know. Psychologists note that the type of stress we feel is also tied to the kind of personality we have – Type A or Type B. People with Type A personality frequently feel distress. They tend to be very competitive and often labeled “workaholics” because they devote so much time and energy to their work in order to ensure their success. Unfortunately, focusing much on work and deadlines can make them feel excessive amount of distress. Because they are naturally more impatient and uptight, the distress Type A people feel comes predominantly from themselves. People of Type B are exact opposite: more relaxed and easygoing. Instead of being upset when sitting in traffic jam, people of Type B would not let the situation control how he or she feels. They find it easier to adapt to change. They are able to deal with stress in a more positive and effective way, which results in their experiencing more eustress than distress.

Which is the best title for the essay above?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨與標題判斷」。標題必須涵蓋全文主要內容,而不是只抓住其中一個例子或單一細節。

本文的核心架構有兩層:

  1. 介紹壓力的兩種類型:
  • distress:負面壓力、痛苦性壓力
  • eustress:正向壓力、良性壓力
  1. 說明不同人格類型與壓力反應的關聯:
  • Type A personality:競爭性強、急躁、緊繃,較容易感受 distress
  • Type B personality:放鬆、隨和、適應力強,較能以正向有效的方式處理壓力,因此較常經驗 eustress

因此,文章是在做「人格類型與壓力類型的分類,並說明兩者之間的關聯」。

解題方法

判斷標題時,先找文章的反覆主軸與對比結構:

  • 開頭提出壓力感受的區別。
  • 中段介紹 Type A 與 Type B。
  • 後段比較兩種人格面對壓力時的反應。
  • 結尾指出 Type B 較常經驗 eustress,而 Type A 較容易感受 distress。

最能概括全文的定位句是:

“Psychologists note that the type of stress we feel is also tied to the kind of personality we have – Type A or Type B.”

翻譯:心理學家指出,我們感受到的壓力類型,也與我們所具有的人格類型有關,也就是 A 型或 B 型人格。

這句直接點出全文的兩個主題:

  • 人格類型:Type A or Type B
  • 壓力類型及其關聯:the type of stress we feel is tied to personality

所以官方答案選擇同時包含「分類」與「關聯」的選項 A。

選項分析

(A) Personality and Stress: Classification and Correlation

人格與壓力:分類與相關性。

正確。本文先將人格分為 Type A 與 Type B,也將壓力區分為 distress 與 eustress;接著說明兩類人格與不同壓力反應之間的關係。例如:

  • Type A 多半因競爭、工作與期限而感受到 distress。
  • Type B 較能適應變化,以正向、有效的方式處理壓力,因而較常經驗 eustress。

“Classification” 對應文章中的分類,“Correlation” 對應人格與壓力之間的關聯,能完整概括全文。

(B) Personality and Stress: Performance and Enhancement

人格與壓力:表現與增進。

錯誤。文章開頭提到考試壓力有時會提升表現:

“Some students find that the stress from taking tests enhances their performance, while others find that test taking makes them forget everything they know.”

翻譯:有些學生發現考試所帶來的壓力能提升他們的表現,但另一些學生卻發現考試使他們忘記所有已知的內容。

這只是用來說明壓力可能產生不同效果的例子,後文並未以「學業表現提升」為主要討論重點,因此不能作為全文最佳標題。

(C) Personality and Stress: Distress and Eustress

人格與壓力:負面壓力與正向壓力。

錯誤。distress 與 eustress 確實是文章的重要概念,但本文不只是在解釋這兩種壓力,也進一步比較 Type A 與 Type B 人格。此選項忽略了文章的「人格分類」以及人格如何影響壓力反應,涵蓋範圍不如 A 完整。

(D) The Influence of Personality on Stress

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 45 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Distinguishing between which kind of stress we feel can sometimes be tricky. Stress is sometimes meant to benefit us, but this does not always happen. Some students find that the stress from taking tests enhances their performance, while others find that test taking makes them forget everything they know. Psychologists note that the type of stress we feel is also tied to the kind of personality we have – Type A or Type B. People with Type A personality frequently feel distress. They tend to be very competitive and often labeled “workaholics” because they devote so much time and energy to their work in order to ensure their success. Unfortunately, focusing much on work and deadlines can make them feel excessive amount of distress. Because they are naturally more impatient and uptight, the distress Type A people feel comes predominantly from themselves. People of Type B are exact opposite: more relaxed and easygoing. Instead of being upset when sitting in traffic jam, people of Type B would not let the situation control how he or she feels. They find it easier to adapt to change. They are able to deal with stress in a more positive and effective way, which results in their experiencing more eustress than distress.

Based on the reading above, which of the following statement is correct?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解,重點在於辨識文章中的:

  • Type A personality:競爭性強、急躁、緊繃,常被稱為工作狂。
  • Type B personality:較放鬆、隨和,適應變化的能力較佳。
  • distress:負面壓力、痛苦或有害的壓力。
  • eustress:正面壓力,有助於提升表現。

文章主要比較 Type A 與 Type B 人格面對壓力時的來源與反應。

解題方法

本題應先抓住文章對兩種人格的對比,再逐一核對選項是否符合原文。

定位 Type A 的關鍵句是:

“Because they are naturally more impatient and uptight, the distress Type A people feel comes predominantly from themselves.”

翻譯為:

「由於 Type A 人天生較缺乏耐性且較緊繃,他們所感受到的痛苦壓力主要來自自己。」

其中:

  • because 表示原因。
  • the distress Type A people feel 是名詞片語,意為「Type A 人所感受到的痛苦壓力」。
  • come predominantly from 表示「主要來自」。
  • themselves 指 Type A people 自身。

這句直接指出 Type A 人的壓力主要來自自己,因此答案為 (C)。

選項分析

(A) Stress is always beneficial to us.
「壓力對我們總是有益。」

錯誤。文章明確表示:

“Stress is sometimes meant to benefit us, but this does not always happen.”

意為「壓力有時能使我們受益,但並非總是如此。」壓力可能是有益的 eustress,也可能是有害的 distress,因此 always 過於絕對。

(B) Type B people tend to devote time and energy to their work.
「Type B 人傾向於投入時間與精力在工作上。」

錯誤。文章提到「投入大量時間與精力工作」以及「workaholics」是在描述 Type A 人:

“They tend to be very competitive and often labeled ‘workaholics’ because they devote so much time and energy to their work...”

此處的 They 指前文的 Type A people,不是 Type B people。

(C) The stress Type A people experience results mainly from themselves.
「Type A 人所承受的壓力主要來自自己。」

正確。原文指出:

“the distress Type A people feel comes predominantly from themselves.”

選項將 distress 概括為 Type A people experience 的 stress,核心意思完全符合文章。predominantly 即「主要地」,與選項的 mainly 同義。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 46 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Millie is a petite woman who looks younger than her 57 years, but she has a failing heart. Even the smallest amount of physical exertion causes shortness of breath and other symptoms such as arm pain, so her cardiologists brought in the care team.

The team was asked to help manage Millie’s pain and other symptoms and to help her grapple with the knowledge that her heart was losing its ability to pump strongly enough. They were also asked to help her with decision-making.

Millie could go home on her intravenous medication, but neither her son nor her daughter was going to be able to accommodate her needs. This is a common scenario in today’s families, so the medical care team had to move to plan B – a nursing home. But no nursing home could be found that would accept a patient on this type of medication. What came next? Next was plan C – living in the hospital.

Millie is now living in the hospital and receiving her medications. With Plan C in operation, the palliative care team has continued to help Millie feel as comfortable as possible and experience the best possible quality of life. This included providing the services of a massage therapist and transforming her hospital room with a beach motif so Millie could feel the freedom that the sea and sand always gave her. With the help of palliative care even her appetite improved! One day Millie said, “I would love some grilled salmon and rice. And if you can find some sugar-free ice cream, that would just be delightful.”

What is the major problem that Millie suffers from?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「主旨與主要問題判斷」。解題重點是辨認文章主要描述的疾病,以及區分「病因/主要疾病」和「後續症狀、照護措施或生活安排」。

文中 Millie 的核心健康問題是心臟衰竭(heart failure):她的心臟逐漸失去足夠力量,把血液輸送到全身。文章後半段提到的住院、安寧緩和醫療、按摩與改善食慾,都是因應這項主要疾病所提供的照護。

解題方法

題目問:

What is the major problem that Millie suffers from?
Millie 遭受的主要問題是什麼?

應先回到文章開頭,尋找直接說明 Millie 主要疾病的句子。定位答案的關鍵原文是:

“Millie is a petite woman who looks younger than her 57 years, but she has a failing heart.”

翻譯為:

Millie 是一位身材嬌小、看起來比 57 歲年輕的女性,但她的心臟正在衰竭。

其中 a failing heart 是本題的核心線索,指心臟功能衰退、心臟衰竭。後文進一步解釋:

“her heart was losing its ability to pump strongly enough.”

翻譯為:

她的心臟逐漸失去足夠力量進行幫浦作用。

因此,Millie 的主要問題是 heart failure,選擇 (B)。

關鍵單字與片語

  • petite:嬌小的
  • failing heart:衰竭中的心臟;心臟功能衰退
  • physical exertion:身體活動;體力消耗
  • shortness of breath:呼吸短促;呼吸困難
  • symptom:症狀
  • cardiologist:心臟科醫師
  • care team:照護團隊
  • grapple with:努力面對、設法處理
  • pump strongly enough:以足夠力量泵送血液
  • intravenous medication:靜脈注射藥物
  • accommodate someone’s needs:滿足某人的需求
  • nursing home:護理之家
  • palliative care:安寧緩和醫療
  • quality of life:生活品質
  • appetite:食慾
  • sugar-free:無糖的
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 47 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Millie is a petite woman who looks younger than her 57 years, but she has a failing heart. Even the smallest amount of physical exertion causes shortness of breath and other symptoms such as arm pain, so her cardiologists brought in the ______ care team.

The team was asked to help manage Millie’s pain and other symptoms and to help her grapple with the knowledge that her heart was losing its ability to pump strongly enough. They were also asked to help her with decision-making.

Millie could go home on her intravenous medication, but neither her son nor her daughter was going to be able to accommodate her needs. This is a common scenario in today’s families, so the medical care team had to move to plan B – a nursing home. But no nursing home could be found that would accept a patient on this type of medication. What came next? Next was plan C – living in the hospital.

Millie is now living in the hospital and receiving her medications. With Plan C in operation, the palliative care team has continued to help Millie feel as comfortable as possible and experience the best possible quality of life. This included providing the services of a massage therapist and transforming her hospital room with a beach motif so Millie could feel the freedom that the sea and sand always gave her. With the help of palliative care even her appetite improved! One day Millie said, “I would love some grilled salmon and rice. And if you can find some sugar-free ice cream, that would just be delightful.”

What is the most appropriate word for the blank in the first paragraph?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「醫療照護類型」的字義與上下文判讀,關鍵在於辨認團隊的照護目標:

  • palliative care:緩和醫療、安寧緩和照護。重點是減輕疼痛與其他症狀、提升生活品質、協助病人及家屬面對疾病與醫療決策。
  • emergency care:急診照護,處理突發、危急的狀況。
  • chronic care:慢性照護,針對長期、持續性的疾病管理。
  • rehabilitative care:復健照護,協助恢復身體功能與活動能力。
  • acute care:急性照護,處理短期且嚴重、需要立即醫療處置的病況。

題幹描述 Millie 的心臟衰竭,並強調「控制疼痛與症狀」「協助面對心臟功能衰退」「協助做決定」「提供按摩服務」「改善生活品質」,這些都是緩和醫療的典型內容。

解題方法

先找出定位答案的關鍵句:

The team was asked to help manage Millie’s pain and other symptoms and to help her grapple with the knowledge that her heart was losing its ability to pump strongly enough. They were also asked to help her with decision-making.

翻譯:

這個團隊受託協助處理 Millie 的疼痛及其他症狀,也協助她面對自己的心臟逐漸失去足夠力道進行血液泵送的事實。他們也受託協助她做出醫療決定。

此外,後文直接出現:

With the help of palliative care even her appetite improved!

翻譯:

在緩和醫療的協助下,她的食慾甚至也改善了!

文章後段明確說明該團隊是 palliative care team,因此第一段的空格應填入 palliative:

her cardiologists brought in the palliative care team.

完整翻譯:

她的心臟科醫師因此請來緩和醫療團隊。

選項分析

(A) palliative 緩和的;緩和醫療的

正確。palliative care 的目的不是治癒疾病本身,而是減輕病人的疼痛、不適與心理壓力,並在嚴重或末期疾病中維持最佳生活品質。題幹所描述的症狀控制、心理支持、醫療決策協助、按摩及改善食慾,都符合 palliative care 的工作內容。

(B) emergency 緊急的;急診的

錯誤。emergency care 主要處理突發且危急的醫療事件,例如嚴重外傷、急性胸痛、休克或呼吸衰竭。Millie 的病況是心臟功能逐漸衰退,題幹重點也不是立即搶救,而是長期症狀控制與生活品質,因此不符合 emergency care。

(C) chronic 慢性的

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 48 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Millie is a petite woman who looks younger than her 57 years, but she has a failing heart. Even the smallest amount of physical exertion causes shortness of breath and other symptoms such as arm pain, so her cardiologists brought in the palliative care team.

The team was asked to help manage Millie’s pain and other symptoms and to help her grapple with the knowledge that her heart was losing its ability to pump strongly enough. They were also asked to help her with decision-making.

Millie could go home on her intravenous medication, but neither her son nor her daughter was going to be able to accommodate her needs. This is a common scenario in today’s families, so the medical care team had to move to plan B – a nursing home. But no nursing home could be found that would accept a patient on this type of medication. What came next? Next was plan C – living in the hospital.

Millie is now living in the hospital and receiving her medications. With Plan C in operation, the palliative care team has continued to help Millie feel as comfortable as possible and experience the best possible quality of life. This included providing the services of a massage therapist and transforming her hospital room with a beach motif so Millie could feel the freedom that the sea and sand always gave her. With the help of palliative care even her appetite improved! One day Millie said, “I would love some grilled salmon and rice. And if you can find some sugar-free ice cream, that would just be delightful.”

What is the major improvement achieved by the medical team?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題屬於後西醫英文閱讀測驗中的醫學人文與照護情境題(Reading Comprehension: Medical Care & Ethics),考查考生對「安寧緩和醫療(Palliative Care)」的核心宗旨與目標理解,以及在文章中定位關鍵訊息與統整主旨的能力。

  • Palliative Care(安寧緩和醫療):不同於治癒性治療(curative treatment),安寧緩和醫療著重於減輕重症患者的痛苦、控制症狀,並維持或提升病人及其家屬的「生活品質(Quality of Life, QoL)」。
  • 語意同義代換(Paraphrasing):題幹中的「major improvement」對應內文中醫療團隊的核心任務「experience the best possible quality of life」,選項 (B) 的「sustaining her life quality」精準轉述了此一精神。

關鍵單字與片語

  1. petite [pəˈtiːt] (adj.):嬌小的、纖細的
  2. exertion [ɪɡˈzɜːrʃn] (n.):費力、身體耗力(physical exertion 指「體力活動/勞動」)
  3. cardiologist [ˌkɑːrdiˈɑːlədʒɪst] (n.):心臟專科醫師
  4. palliative care [ˈpæliətɪv ker] (n.):緩和醫療、安寧照護
  5. grapple with (phr.):努力克服、努力理解與面對(困難的心理情境或問題)
  6. accommodate [əˈkɑːmədeɪt] (v.):迎合、滿足(需求);提供食宿
  7. motif [moʊˈtiːf] (n.):主題、主旨、特色圖案
  8. sustain [səˈsteɪn] (v.):維持、支撐、保持

解題方法

  1. 問題定位:題幹問「醫療團隊所達成的最主要改善是什麼?(What is the major improvement achieved by the medical team?)」。
  2. 回文檢索核心句:
  • 原文第 4 段提到:

"With Plan C in operation, the palliative care team has continued to help Millie feel as comfortable as possible and experience the best possible quality of life."
(隨著 C 計畫的實施,安寧緩和照護團隊持續協助 Millie 感到盡可能舒適,並體會到最佳的生活品質。)

  • 隨後文章列舉了具體措施:提供按摩治療師服務、將病房改造成沙灘風格、改善食慾、讓她能享受烤鮭魚與無糖冰淇淋。這些都是圍繞著「提升與維持生活品質」所展現的成果。
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 49 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Millie is a petite woman who looks younger than her 57 years, but she has a failing heart. Even the smallest amount of physical exertion causes shortness of breath and other symptoms such as arm pain, so her cardiologists brought in the palliative care team.

The team was asked to help manage Millie’s pain and other symptoms and to help her grapple with the knowledge that her heart was losing its ability to pump strongly enough. They were also asked to help her with decision-making.

Millie could go home on her intravenous medication, but neither her son nor her daughter was going to be able to accommodate her needs. This is a common scenario in today’s families, so the medical care team had to move to plan B – a nursing home. But no nursing home could be found that would accept a patient on this type of medication. What came next? Next was plan C – living in the hospital.

Millie is now living in the hospital and receiving her medications. With Plan C in operation, the palliative care team has continued to help Millie feel as comfortable as possible and experience the best possible quality of life. This included providing the services of a massage therapist and transforming her hospital room with a beach motif so Millie could feel the freedom that the sea and sand always gave her. With the help of palliative care even her appetite improved! One day Millie said, “I would love some grilled salmon and rice. And if you can find some sugar-free ice cream, that would just be delightful.”

What is the synonym of the word exertion in the first paragraph?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「字彙語境同義字(Vocabulary in Context)」之理解與辨析能力。考生需根據醫學文章上下文中的特定搭配詞(collocation)與病理語境,推論出字彙在該段落所代表的精確意涵。

  • 關鍵單字定義與搭配詞:
  • exertion [ɪɡˈzɜːrʃn] (n.):努力、費力、勞累;(體力上的)活動或用力。
  • 醫學英語常見固定搭配為 physical exertion,意指「身體活動、體力消耗、勞動」(相當於 physical effort 或 physical activity)。在心臟病學中,常用於描述「勞力性呼吸困難」(dyspnea on exertion, DOE)。

解題方法

  1. 定位原文線索:
    定位至第一段第二句:

"Even the smallest amount of physical exertion causes shortness of breath and other symptoms such as arm pain, so her cardiologists brought in the palliative care team."
(中文翻譯:即使是最少量的身體活動/體力消耗,都會引發呼吸短促以及其他症狀,例如手臂疼痛,因此她的心臟科醫師團隊引進了安寧緩和醫療團隊。)

  1. 語意與病理邏輯推導:
  • 前文指出個案 Millie 有「衰竭的心臟(a failing heart)」,導致心輸出量嚴重不足。
  • 後文提到引發「呼吸急促(shortness of breath)」和「手臂疼痛(arm pain)」等心絞痛或心衰竭惡化症狀的誘因,必然是「身體的運動/活動/勞動(physical activity/effort)」。
  • 因此,在由 "physical" 所修飾的語境中,"exertion" 意指「身體上的活動或出力」,與 (E) activity 語義完全重合。

選項分析

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 50 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

More than 3 million years ago, when “Lucy” was roaming the savannah of present-day Ethiopia, she may have encountered other two-legged apes not unlike her own species, Australopithecus afarensis—yet still just a wee bit strange.

Represented by jawbones from three individuals, a newly described species named Australopithecus deyiremeda adds to the scatter of evidence that not one, but a range of hominin species populated the East African landscape before 3 million years ago. This could imply they were able to carve out separate niches in a stable environment based on differences in diet, foraging strategies and other behaviors.

“We don't know enough yet to say anything about the nature of interaction or ecological differences between A. afarensis and A. deyiremeda,” says Stephanie Melillo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. “We have to first know how to tell the two species apart from their fossil remains, and that is what this paper was all about.”

Reported Wednesday in Nature, the new specimens—a partial upper jaw, two lower jaws, and some other fragments—were found at Burtele, in the Afar Triangle of Ethiopia, just a day’s walk from Hadar, where Lucy was found in 1974. Sediments surrounding the bones were dated to 3.3 and 3.5 million years ago, a time when A. afarensis is well known to have inhabited the region. While the new jaws share some characteristics with Lucy’s species, they differ in other respects. Some of the teeth have different root structures, and in general are smaller than A. afarensis teeth, a trait that could indicate a shift in diet.

“Smaller teeth are often associated with a more meaty diet,” says Fred Spoor of University College London and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. “And the chewing muscles have migrated forward, which suggests a redistribution of chewing forces of some sort.”

The species name, A. deyiremeda, derives from the local words for “close” (deyi) and “relative” (remeda)—signaling the species close relationship with other hominins. But the similarities only go so far.

“We are convinced that it is different from A. afarensis. All of the evidence—published and unpublished—that we have from the localities at Burtele support our conclusion,” says study author Yohannes Haile-Selassie of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. He notes that folding the new specimens into A. afarensis would introduce an extremely unusual amount of physical variation into the existing species.

Still, “the distinctions are very, very subtle,” says paleoanthropologist Bill Kimbel of the Institute of Human Origins. “I think the authors have done a very nice job in analyzing the material, but I think it’s a judgment call as to whether you think the differences amount to a species-level difference.”

A. afarensis remains by far the most conspicuous hominin in the fossil record of East Africa 3 to 4 million years ago, during a period known as the Middle Pliocene. But in the last two decades, scientists have named several others, including Australopithecus bahrelghazali from Chad, and Kenyanthropus platyops from Kenya. A. deyiremeda further swells the crowd.

“There is now incontrovertible evidence to show that multiple hominins existed contemporaneously in eastern Africa during the Middle Pliocene,” the authors write.

Of special interest are some enigmatic foot bones of a hominin recovered in 2009 very close to where A. deyiremeda was unearthed. The bones suggest a creature with a flexible foot and big toe capable of grasping objects, similar to a more primitive hominin called Ardipithecus ramidus, dated to 4.4 million years ago.

But perplexingly, the foot bones at Burtele date back to just 3.4 million years ago: the same time period as A. deyiremeda. It’s a combination of proximity in both space and time that cannot be ignored, Kimbel says.

“Figuring out whether or not that very primitive foot is the same critter as the clear australopithecine teeth and jaws that are being described now is of utmost importance,” Kimbel says. “It would mean that you could have australopithecus-like heads with more diverse options for locomotion – which is not a picture we have painted so far.”

How many hominins reside in the eastern African before 3 million years ago?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題屬於後西醫英文閱讀測驗中的「事實細節題(Factual Detail / Scanning Question)」。解題核心在於精確掌握題幹的時間與地理條件(East Africa、before 3 million years ago / Middle Pliocene),並於長篇學術科普文章中快速掃描、辨識出所有符合該條件的古人類物種(hominin species),計算其數量。


解題方法

  1. 鎖定題幹關鍵字與條件:
  • 詢問對象:How many hominins(有多少種人族物種)
  • 地理範圍:eastern African(東非)
  • 時間範圍:before 3 million years ago(300 萬年前以前,文中對應 Middle Pliocene,即 300 萬至 400 萬年前)
  1. 回文定位與比對實體:
  • 物種 1(第 1 段 & 第 8 段):Australopithecus afarensis(阿法南猿,著名的「露西」所屬物種,生存年代距今 300 萬至 400 萬年前,出土於衣索比亞 Hadar)。
  • 物種 2(第 2、4、8 段):Australopithecus deyiremeda(狄耶瑞美達南猿,年代定在 330 萬至 350 萬年前,出土於衣索比亞 Burtele)。
  • 物種 3(第 8 段):Kenyanthropus platyops(肯亞平臉人,出土於肯亞 Kenya,亦屬於東非)。
  • (註:第 8 段提及的 Australopithecus bahrelghazali 位於查德 Chad,屬中非;但光是東非確認列出的物種即已達到 3 種)。
  • 此外,第 8 段末與第 9 段明確總結:

“A. deyiremeda further swells the crowd. ‘There is now incontrovertible evidence to show that multiple hominins existed contemporaneously in eastern Africa during the Middle Pliocene,’ the authors write.”
(A. deyiremeda 的加入使群體更加龐大。「現在已有無可爭辯的證據顯示,在中上新世時期,**多個(multiple,即兩種以上)**人族物種同時共存於東非。」)

  1. 綜合計算:
    符合「300 萬年前以前且生活於東非」的人族物種至少包含 A. afarensis、A. deyiremeda 及 Kenyanthropus platyops 三者,明確為「兩種以上(more than two)」。

原文定位與翻譯

  • 原文定位句 1(第 8 段):

"A. afarensis remains by far the most conspicuous hominin in the fossil record of East Africa 3 to 4 million years ago, during a period known as the Middle Pliocene. But in the last two decades, scientists have named several others, including Australopithecus bahrelghazali from Chad, and Kenyanthropus platyops from Kenya. A. deyiremeda further swells the crowd."
翻譯:在 300 萬至 400 萬年前被稱為中上新世的時期,阿法南猿(A. afarensis)至今仍是東非化石紀錄中最顯著的人族物種。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 51 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

More than 3 million years ago, when “Lucy” was roaming the savannah of present-day Ethiopia, she may have encountered other two-legged apes not unlike her own species, Australopithecus afarensis—yet still just a wee bit strange.

Represented by jawbones from three individuals, a newly described species named Australopithecus deyiremeda adds to the scatter of evidence that not one, but a range of hominin species populated the East African landscape before 3 million years ago. This could imply they were able to carve out separate niches in a stable environment based on differences in diet, foraging strategies and other behaviors.

“We don't know enough yet to say anything about the nature of interaction or ecological differences between A. afarensis and A. deyiremeda,” says Stephanie Melillo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. “We have to first know how to tell the two species apart from their fossil remains, and that is what this paper was all about.”

Reported Wednesday in Nature, the new specimens—a partial upper jaw, two lower jaws, and some other fragments—were found at Burtele, in the Afar Triangle of Ethiopia, just a day’s walk from Hadar, where Lucy was found in 1974. Sediments surrounding the bones were dated to 3.3 and 3.5 million years ago, a time when A. afarensis is well known to have inhabited the region. While the new jaws share some characteristics with Lucy’s species, they differ in other respects. Some of the teeth have different root structures, and in general are smaller than A. afarensis teeth, a trait that could indicate a shift in diet.

“Smaller teeth are often associated with a more meaty diet,” says Fred Spoor of University College London and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. “And the chewing muscles have migrated forward, which suggests a redistribution of chewing forces of some sort.”

The species name, A. deyiremeda, derives from the local words for “close” (deyi) and “relative” (remeda)—signaling the species close relationship with other hominins. But the similarities only go so far.

“We are convinced that it is different from A. afarensis. All of the evidence—published and unpublished—that we have from the localities at Burtele support our conclusion,” says study author Yohannes Haile-Selassie of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. He notes that folding the new specimens into A. afarensis would introduce an extremely unusual amount of physical variation into the existing species.

Still, “the distinctions are very, very subtle,” says paleoanthropologist Bill Kimbel of the Institute of Human Origins. “I think the authors have done a very nice job in analyzing the material, but I think it’s a judgment call as to whether you think the differences amount to a species-level difference.”

A. afarensis remains by far the most conspicuous hominin in the fossil record of East Africa 3 to 4 million years ago, during a period known as the Middle Pliocene. But in the last two decades, scientists have named several others, including Australopithecus bahrelghazali from Chad, and Kenyanthropus platyops from Kenya. A. deyiremeda further swells the crowd.

“There is now incontrovertible evidence to show that multiple hominins existed contemporaneously in eastern Africa during the Middle Pliocene,” the authors write.

Of special interest are some enigmatic foot bones of a hominin recovered in 2009 very close to where A. deyiremeda was unearthed. The bones suggest a creature with a flexible foot and big toe capable of grasping objects, similar to a more primitive hominin called Ardipithecus ramidus, dated to 4.4 million years ago.

But perplexingly, the foot bones at Burtele date back to just 3.4 million years ago: the same time period as A. deyiremeda. It’s a combination of proximity in both space and time that cannot be ignored, Kimbel says.

“Figuring out whether or not that very primitive foot is the same critter as the clear australopithecine teeth and jaws that are being described now is of utmost importance,” Kimbel says. “It would mean that you could have australopithecus-like heads with more diverse options for locomotion – which is not a picture we have painted so far.”

The name given to the newly discovered species is ______.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 閱讀文章中尋找明確資訊。
  2. 由上下文判斷新發現物種的正式名稱。
  3. 生物學學名的辨識:屬名在前,種名在後,例如 Australopithecus deyiremeda。

題目問:

The name given to the newly discovered species is ______.

意思是:「這個新發現物種被命名為什麼?」


解題方法

直接定位文章中介紹新物種名稱的句子:

Represented by jawbones from three individuals, a newly described species named Australopithecus deyiremeda adds to the scatter of evidence...

翻譯:

由三個個體的顎骨所代表,一個新近描述的物種 Australopithecus deyiremeda,進一步增加了相關證據……

句中明確指出,這個新描述的物種名為 Australopithecus deyiremeda,因此答案直接選 (B)。

文章後文也再次提到:

The species name, A. deyiremeda, derives from the local words for “close” (deyi) and “relative” (remeda)...

翻譯:

這個物種的名稱 A. deyiremeda 源自當地語言中「親近」(deyi)與「親屬」(remeda)兩個詞……

這進一步確認新物種的完整學名是 Australopithecus deyiremeda。


選項分析

(A) Australopithecus afarensis

錯誤。這是 Lucy 所屬的物種,文章中寫道:

her own species, Australopithecus afarensis

意思是「她自己的物種 Australopithecus afarensis」。它是已知物種,不是本題所問的新發現物種。

(B) Australopithecus deyiremeda

正確。文章明確使用:

a newly described species named Australopithecus deyiremeda

指出新描述的物種命名為 Australopithecus deyiremeda。

(C) Australopithecus bahrelghazali

錯誤。文章後段提到:

scientists have named several others, including Australopithecus bahrelghazali from Chad

意思是「科學家也命名了其他幾個物種,包括來自查德的 Australopithecus bahrelghazali」。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 52 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

More than 3 million years ago, when “Lucy” was roaming the savannah of present-day Ethiopia, she may have encountered other two-legged apes not unlike her own species, Australopithecus afarensis—yet still just a wee bit strange.

Represented by jawbones from three individuals, a newly described species named Australopithecus deyiremeda adds to the scatter of evidence that not one, but a range of hominin species populated the East African landscape before 3 million years ago. This could imply they were able to carve out separate niches in a stable environment based on differences in diet, foraging strategies and other behaviors.

“We don't know enough yet to say anything about the nature of interaction or ecological differences between A. afarensis and A. deyiremeda,” says Stephanie Melillo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. “We have to first know how to tell the two species apart from their fossil remains, and that is what this paper was all about.”

Reported Wednesday in Nature, the new specimens—a partial upper jaw, two lower jaws, and some other fragments—were found at Burtele, in the Afar Triangle of Ethiopia, just a day’s walk from Hadar, where Lucy was found in 1974. Sediments surrounding the bones were dated to 3.3 and 3.5 million years ago, a time when A. afarensis is well known to have inhabited the region. While the new jaws share some characteristics with Lucy’s species, they differ in other respects. Some of the teeth have different root structures, and in general are smaller than A. afarensis teeth, a trait that could indicate a shift in diet.

“Smaller teeth are often associated with a more meaty diet,” says Fred Spoor of University College London and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. “And the chewing muscles have migrated forward, which suggests a redistribution of chewing forces of some sort.”

The species name, A. deyiremeda, derives from the local words for “close” (deyi) and “relative” (remeda)—signaling the species close relationship with other hominins. But the similarities only go so far.

“We are convinced that it is different from A. afarensis. All of the evidence—published and unpublished—that we have from the localities at Burtele support our conclusion,” says study author Yohannes Haile-Selassie of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. He notes that folding the new specimens into A. afarensis would introduce an extremely unusual amount of physical variation into the existing species.

Still, “the distinctions are very, very subtle,” says paleoanthropologist Bill Kimbel of the Institute of Human Origins. “I think the authors have done a very nice job in analyzing the material, but I think it’s a judgment call as to whether you think the differences amount to a species-level difference.”

A. afarensis remains by far the most conspicuous hominin in the fossil record of East Africa 3 to 4 million years ago, during a period known as the Middle Pliocene. But in the last two decades, scientists have named several others, including Australopithecus bahrelghazali from Chad, and Kenyanthropus platyops from Kenya. A. deyiremeda further swells the crowd.

“There is now incontrovertible evidence to show that multiple hominins existed contemporaneously in eastern Africa during the Middle Pliocene,” the authors write.

Of special interest are some enigmatic foot bones of a hominin recovered in 2009 very close to where A. deyiremeda was unearthed. The bones suggest a creature with a flexible foot and big toe capable of grasping objects, similar to a more primitive hominin called Ardipithecus ramidus, dated to 4.4 million years ago.

But perplexingly, the foot bones at Burtele date back to just 3.4 million years ago: the same time period as A. deyiremeda. It’s a combination of proximity in both space and time that cannot be ignored, Kimbel says.

“Figuring out whether or not that very primitive foot is the same critter as the clear australopithecine teeth and jaws that are being described now is of utmost importance,” Kimbel says. “It would mean that you could have australopithecus-like heads with more diverse options for locomotion – which is not a picture we have painted so far.”

According to the article, the newly discovered species might ingest more ______ than Lucy’s species.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「文意定位」與因果推論。解題關鍵在於辨識文章中比較兩種人族牙齒特徵與飲食內容的句子:

  • smaller teeth:較小的牙齒
  • meaty diet:肉類較多的飲食、偏肉食的飲食
  • be associated with:與……有關、常被認為顯示……

文章指出,新發現的 Australopithecus deyiremeda 牙齒整體比 Lucy 所屬的 A. afarensis 小,而較小的牙齒常與肉類較多的飲食相關。因此可推知,新物種可能攝取比 Lucy 物種更多的肉。

解題方法

先定位文章中直接談到牙齒與飲食的句子:

“Some of the teeth have different root structures, and in general are smaller than A. afarensis teeth, a trait that could indicate a shift in diet.”
「有些牙齒具有不同的牙根結構,而且整體而言比 A. afarensis 的牙齒更小;這項特徵可能表示飲食有所轉變。」

接著文章進一步說明:

“Smaller teeth are often associated with a more meaty diet,” says Fred Spoor...
「較小的牙齒通常與肉類較多的飲食有關。」

題目問新發現物種可能攝取比 Lucy 物種更多的哪一項。文中 more meaty diet 已直接對應「更多肉類」,故填入 meat。

句型上,題目使用:

might ingest more ______ than Lucy’s species

其中 more A than B 表示「比 B 更多的 A」;空格應填入可被 ingest(攝取、吃下)的食物名詞。meat 為不可數名詞,符合語法與語意。

選項分析

  • (A) water 水

錯誤。文章沒有指出 A. deyiremeda 的牙齒特徵與飲水量有關,也沒有提到新物種攝取更多水分。

  • (B) salt 鹽

錯誤。文章未討論鹽分攝取,牙齒變小也不能由本文直接推論出攝取更多鹽。

  • (C) fruit 水果

錯誤。文章沒有將較小牙齒與水果飲食連結。題目要求依據文章判斷,不能自行添加文中未提及的飲食內容。

  • (D) vegetable 蔬菜
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 53 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

More than 3 million years ago, when “Lucy” was roaming the savannah of present-day Ethiopia, she may have encountered other two-legged apes not unlike her own species, Australopithecus afarensis—yet still just a wee bit strange.

Represented by jawbones from three individuals, a newly described species named Australopithecus deyiremeda adds to the scatter of evidence that not one, but a range of hominin species populated the East African landscape before 3 million years ago. This could imply they were able to carve out separate niches in a stable environment based on differences in diet, foraging strategies and other behaviors.

“We don't know enough yet to say anything about the nature of interaction or ecological differences between A. afarensis and A. deyiremeda,” says Stephanie Melillo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. “We have to first know how to tell the two species apart from their fossil remains, and that is what this paper was all about.”

Reported Wednesday in Nature, the new specimens—a partial upper jaw, two lower jaws, and some other fragments—were found at Burtele, in the Afar Triangle of Ethiopia, just a day’s walk from Hadar, where Lucy was found in 1974. Sediments surrounding the bones were dated to 3.3 and 3.5 million years ago, a time when A. afarensis is well known to have inhabited the region. While the new jaws share some characteristics with Lucy’s species, they differ in other respects. Some of the teeth have different root structures, and in general are smaller than A. afarensis teeth, a trait that could indicate a shift in diet.

“Smaller teeth are often associated with a more meaty diet,” says Fred Spoor of University College London and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. “And the chewing muscles have migrated forward, which suggests a redistribution of chewing forces of some sort.”

The species name, A. deyiremeda, derives from the local words for “close” (deyi) and “relative” (remeda)—signaling the species close relationship with other hominins. But the similarities only go so far.

“We are convinced that it is different from A. afarensis. All of the evidence—published and unpublished—that we have from the localities at Burtele support our conclusion,” says study author Yohannes Haile-Selassie of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. He notes that folding the new specimens into A. afarensis would introduce an extremely unusual amount of physical variation into the existing species.

Still, “the distinctions are very, very subtle,” says paleoanthropologist Bill Kimbel of the Institute of Human Origins. “I think the authors have done a very nice job in analyzing the material, but I think it’s a judgment call as to whether you think the differences amount to a species-level difference.”

A. afarensis remains by far the most conspicuous hominin in the fossil record of East Africa 3 to 4 million years ago, during a period known as the Middle Pliocene. But in the last two decades, scientists have named several others, including Australopithecus bahrelghazali from Chad, and Kenyanthropus platyops from Kenya. A. deyiremeda further swells the crowd.

“There is now incontrovertible evidence to show that multiple hominins existed contemporaneously in eastern Africa during the Middle Pliocene,” the authors write.

Of special interest are some enigmatic foot bones of a hominin recovered in 2009 very close to where A. deyiremeda was unearthed. The bones suggest a creature with a flexible foot and big toe capable of grasping objects, similar to a more primitive hominin called Ardipithecus ramidus, dated to 4.4 million years ago.

But perplexingly, the foot bones at Burtele date back to just 3.4 million years ago: the same time period as A. deyiremeda. It’s a combination of proximity in both space and time that cannot be ignored, Kimbel says.

“Figuring out whether or not that very primitive foot is the same critter as the clear australopithecine teeth and jaws that are being described now is of utmost importance,” Kimbel says. “It would mean that you could have australopithecus-like heads with more diverse options for locomotion – which is not a picture we have painted so far.”

The word deyrimeda derives from the local words for “close” (deyi) and “relative” (remeda). Therefore, deyrimeda is a word made by ______.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考的是英文構詞法(word formation),重點在判斷一個新字是如何由原有語素或單字組合而成。

題幹明確指出:

The species name, A. deyiremeda, derives from the local words for “close” (deyi) and “relative” (remeda).

意思是:「這個物種名稱 A. deyiremeda 源自當地語言中表示『親近的』(deyi)與『親屬』(remeda)的詞。」

因此,deyi+remedadeyi + remeda 是將兩個原有的詞直接組合成一個新詞,屬於 compounding(複合構詞、合成法)。


解題方法

判斷構詞法時,先觀察新字的來源:

  • 若由兩個可獨立使用的字直接合併,通常是 compounding。
  • 若將兩個字截取部分音節或字母融合,通常是 blending。
  • 若只是縮短原字,屬於 abbreviating。
  • 若泛指創造一個新字,而未特別說明組合方式,才使用 coining。
  • assimilating 並非本題所需的標準構詞方式。

本題已提供完整組成來源:

deyi+remeda=deyiremeda\text{deyi}+\text{remeda}=\text{deyiremeda}

兩個詞的語意也各自保留:

  • deyi:close,親近的
  • remeda:relative,親屬、親戚

所以答案是 compounding。


選項分析

(A) compounding:正確

Compounding 是「複合構詞法」,指將兩個或兩個以上原本具有意義的詞,直接組合成一個新詞,例如:

  • blackboard = black + board
  • toothbrush = tooth + brush
  • deyiremeda = deyi + remeda

本題的字源說明正好符合此定義。


(B) abbreviating:錯誤

Abbreviating 是「縮寫、簡寫」,指將較長的字或片語縮短,例如:

  • telephone → phone
  • advertisement → ad
  • laboratory → lab

本題並沒有把單一長字縮短,而是把 deyi 與 remeda 兩個詞組合,因此不是 abbreviating。


(C) blending:錯誤

Blending 是「混成法」,指將兩個字各取一部分,再融合成新字,例如:

  • smoke + fog → smog
  • breakfast + lunch → brunch
  • motor + hotel → motel

混成法通常不會完整保留兩個原詞。本題中的 deyi 和 remeda 都以完整形式出現,屬於直接合併,不是 blending。


(D) coining:錯誤

Coining 是「創造新詞」,泛指創製一個原本不存在的新字,例如因新科技、商品或概念而產生的新詞。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 54 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

More than 3 million years ago, when “Lucy” was roaming the savannah of present-day Ethiopia, she may have encountered other two-legged apes not unlike her own species, Australopithecus afarensis—yet still just a wee bit strange.

Represented by jawbones from three individuals, a newly described species named Australopithecus deyiremeda adds to the scatter of evidence that not one, but a range of hominin species populated the East African landscape before 3 million years ago. This could imply they were able to carve out separate niches in a stable environment based on differences in diet, foraging strategies and other behaviors.

“We don't know enough yet to say anything about the nature of interaction or ecological differences between A. afarensis and A. deyiremeda,” says Stephanie Melillo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. “We have to first know how to tell the two species apart from their fossil remains, and that is what this paper was all about.”

Reported Wednesday in Nature, the new specimens—a partial upper jaw, two lower jaws, and some other fragments—were found at Burtele, in the Afar Triangle of Ethiopia, just a day’s walk from Hadar, where Lucy was found in 1974. Sediments surrounding the bones were dated to 3.3 and 3.5 million years ago, a time when A. afarensis is well known to have inhabited the region. While the new jaws share some characteristics with Lucy’s species, they differ in other respects. Some of the teeth have different root structures, and in general are smaller than A. afarensis teeth, a trait that could indicate a shift in diet.

“Smaller teeth are often associated with a more meaty diet,” says Fred Spoor of University College London and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. “And the chewing muscles have migrated forward, which suggests a redistribution of chewing forces of some sort.”

The species name, A. deyiremeda, derives from the local words for “close” (deyi) and “relative” (remeda)—signaling the species close relationship with other hominins. But the similarities only go so far.

“We are convinced that it is different from A. afarensis. All of the evidence—published and unpublished—that we have from the localities at Burtele support our conclusion,” says study author Yohannes Haile-Selassie of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. He notes that folding the new specimens into A. afarensis would introduce an extremely unusual amount of physical variation into the existing species.

Still, “the distinctions are very, very subtle,” says paleoanthropologist Bill Kimbel of the Institute of Human Origins. “I think the authors have done a very nice job in analyzing the material, but I think it’s a judgment call as to whether you think the differences amount to a species-level difference.”

A. afarensis remains by far the most conspicuous hominin in the fossil record of East Africa 3 to 4 million years ago, during a period known as the Middle Pliocene. But in the last two decades, scientists have named several others, including Australopithecus bahrelghazali from Chad, and Kenyanthropus platyops from Kenya. A. deyiremeda further swells the crowd.

“There is now incontrovertible evidence to show that multiple hominins existed contemporaneously in eastern Africa during the Middle Pliocene,” the authors write.

Of special interest are some enigmatic foot bones of a hominin recovered in 2009 very close to where A. deyiremeda was unearthed. The bones suggest a creature with a flexible foot and big toe capable of grasping objects, similar to a more primitive hominin called Ardipithecus ramidus, dated to 4.4 million years ago.

But perplexingly, the foot bones at Burtele date back to just 3.4 million years ago: the same time period as A. deyiremeda. It’s a combination of proximity in both space and time that cannot be ignored, Kimbel says.

“Figuring out whether or not that very primitive foot is the same critter as the clear australopithecine teeth and jaws that are being described now is of utmost importance,” Kimbel says. “It would mean that you could have australopithecus-like heads with more diverse options for locomotion – which is not a picture we have painted so far.”

In the ninth paragraph, the word “conspicuous” may be replaced by ______.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字義判斷,必須依據上下文選出與 conspicuous 意思最接近的單字。

conspicuous 的意思是「顯眼的、醒目的、明顯的、引人注意的」,可指外表容易被看見,也可指某事物在資料或紀錄中格外突出。

解題方法

定位答案的句子為:

A. afarensis remains by far the most conspicuous hominin in the fossil record of East Africa 3 to 4 million years ago.

翻譯:

在三百萬至四百萬年前的東非化石紀錄中,A. afarensis 的遺骸迄今仍是最顯眼、最突出的古人類。

句中主詞是 A. afarensis remains,後文接著提到科學家近二十年來又命名了其他古人類,包括 A. bahrelghazali、K. platyops 及 A. deyiremeda。即使出現許多新物種,A. afarensis 仍是化石紀錄中「最突出、最常見或最受注意」的古人類,因此 conspicuous 可替換為 noticeable。

關鍵單字與片語

  • conspicuous:顯眼的、醒目的、明顯的
  • noticeable:值得注意的、明顯的
  • fossil record:化石紀錄
  • by far:遠遠地、顯然地,用來加強最高級
  • hominin:古人類;泛指人類演化支系成員
  • contemporaneously:同時期地
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 55 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

More than 3 million years ago, when “Lucy” was roaming the savannah of present-day Ethiopia, she may have encountered other two-legged apes not unlike her own species, Australopithecus afarensis—yet still just a wee bit strange.

Represented by jawbones from three individuals, a newly described species named Australopithecus deyiremeda adds to the scatter of evidence that not one, but a range of hominin species populated the East African landscape before 3 million years ago. This could imply they were able to carve out separate niches in a stable environment based on differences in diet, foraging strategies and other behaviors.

“We don't know enough yet to say anything about the nature of interaction or ecological differences between A. afarensis and A. deyiremeda,” says Stephanie Melillo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. “We have to first know how to tell the two species apart from their fossil remains, and that is what this paper was all about.”

Reported Wednesday in Nature, the new specimens—a partial upper jaw, two lower jaws, and some other fragments—were found at Burtele, in the Afar Triangle of Ethiopia, just a day’s walk from Hadar, where Lucy was found in 1974. Sediments surrounding the bones were dated to 3.3 and 3.5 million years ago, a time when A. afarensis is well known to have inhabited the region. While the new jaws share some characteristics with Lucy’s species, they differ in other respects. Some of the teeth have different root structures, and in general are smaller than A. afarensis teeth, a trait that could indicate a shift in diet.

“Smaller teeth are often associated with a more meaty diet,” says Fred Spoor of University College London and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. “And the chewing muscles have migrated forward, which suggests a redistribution of chewing forces of some sort.”

The species name, A. deyiremeda, derives from the local words for “close” (deyi) and “relative” (remeda)—signaling the species close relationship with other hominins. But the similarities only go so far.

“We are convinced that it is different from A. afarensis. All of the evidence—published and unpublished—that we have from the localities at Burtele support our conclusion,” says study author Yohannes Haile-Selassie of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. He notes that folding the new specimens into A. afarensis would introduce an extremely unusual amount of physical variation into the existing species.

Still, “the distinctions are very, very subtle,” says paleoanthropologist Bill Kimbel of the Institute of Human Origins. “I think the authors have done a very nice job in analyzing the material, but I think it’s a judgment call as to whether you think the differences amount to a species-level difference.”

A. afarensis remains by far the most conspicuous hominin in the fossil record of East Africa 3 to 4 million years ago, during a period known as the Middle Pliocene. But in the last two decades, scientists have named several others, including Australopithecus bahrelghazali from Chad, and Kenyanthropus platyops from Kenya. A. deyiremeda further swells the crowd.

“There is now incontrovertible evidence to show that multiple hominins existed contemporaneously in eastern Africa during the Middle Pliocene,” the authors write.

Of special interest are some enigmatic foot bones of a hominin recovered in 2009 very close to where A. deyiremeda was unearthed. The bones suggest a creature with a flexible foot and big toe capable of grasping objects, similar to a more primitive hominin called Ardipithecus ramidus, dated to 4.4 million years ago.

But perplexingly, the foot bones at Burtele date back to just 3.4 million years ago: the same time period as A. deyiremeda. It’s a combination of proximity in both space and time that cannot be ignored, Kimbel says.

“Figuring out whether or not that very primitive foot is the same critter as the clear australopithecine teeth and jaws that are being described now is of utmost importance,” Kimbel says. “It would mean that you could have australopithecus-like heads with more diverse options for locomotion – which is not a picture we have painted so far.”

Australopithecus is more like ______.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「語意歸類」與文章細節定位。關鍵在於判斷 Australopithecus(南方古猿)在文章中被描述成哪一類生物。

文章將牠描述為:

  • 「two-legged apes」:兩足行走的猿類
  • 「hominin」:人族生物,泛指人類演化支系中的成員
  • 與現代人類相似,但仍保有猿類特徵的早期人族

因此,Australopithecus 在本文語境中應理解為介於猿類與人類之間的「猿人」,最符合 ape-men。

解題方法

先找文章中直接描述 Australopithecus 性質的句子:

“she may have encountered other two-legged apes not unlike her own species, Australopithecus afarensis—yet still just a wee bit strange.”

翻譯為:

她可能遇到過其他兩足行走的猿類,牠們與她所屬的 Australopithecus afarensis 相當相似,但仍有些微不同。

其中:

  • apes 表示牠具有猿類特徵;
  • two-legged 表示牠能以兩足行走,具有接近人類的特徵;
  • hominin 表示牠屬於人類演化支系。

這三項特徵合在一起,指向「猿人」而不是單純的猴子、一般猿類或現代人類。

另一個重要句子是:

“It would mean that you could have australopithecus-like heads with more diverse options for locomotion…”

翻譯為:

這表示可能存在具有類似南方古猿頭部、但移動方式更多樣的生物。

文章將 Australopithecus 放在早期人族演化的脈絡中,顯示牠是具有猿類外貌與人類式直立行走能力的早期人族,因此選 ape-men。

選項分析

(A) monkeys(猴子)

錯誤。Monkey 通常指猴類,與本文的 apes(猿類)並不相同。更重要的是,文章強調 Australopithecus 是「two-legged」且屬於 hominin,具有早期人類演化支系的特徵,不能只歸類為猴子。

(B) apes(猿類)

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 Essay Writing 題20 分

Please write a well-organized essay with at least 200 words to express your opinion on medical malpractice.

“Statistics show that approximately 195,000 people are killed every year by medical errors in the US. Between 15,000 and 19,000 malpractice suits are brought against doctors each year.” Are there efficient and practical ways to reduce the rate of medical error? Should doctors be solely responsible for their errors? What sort of legal protection should doctors be entitled to?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為高醫學士後醫學系英文考科的引導式申論寫作題(Guided Essay Writing)。本科寫作的核心評分標準在於:邏輯架構是否嚴謹(Organization & Coherence)、是否完整回應題幹所有子問題(Task Achievement),以及進階醫學社會學/醫療法規專用詞彙與多樣句型的運用(Lexical Resource & Syntactic Variety)。

題幹引用美國醫療過誤(Medical Errors)與醫療過失訴訟(Malpractice Suits)的驚人統計數據,並提出三個核心問題:

  1. Are there efficient and practical ways to reduce the rate of medical error?(是否有具體可行且有效降低醫療過誤率的方法?)
  2. Should doctors be solely responsible for their errors?(醫師是否該為醫療過誤承擔全部責任?)
  3. What sort of legal protection should doctors be entitled to?(醫師應享有何種法律保障?)

寫作關鍵在於跳脫「單純歸咎個人疏失」的直覺反應,導入現代病安管理的核心哲學——系統性致誤理論(System Approach / James Reason's Swiss Cheese Model),探討「防禦性醫療(Defensive Medicine)」對整體醫病關係與健保資源的傷害,進而論證建立**非蓄意過失免刑責(Decriminalization of medical errors except gross negligence)與合理責任上限(Tort reform / Caps on non-economic damages)**的制度必要性。


解題方法與審題架構

高醫英文寫作要求至少 200 字,實戰中建議寫至 280~350 字,採經典的四段式申論結構(標準 Academic Essay Format):

  1. 第一段:引言(Introduction)
  • Hook & Context:由題幹數據帶入醫療疏失的嚴重性與醫療環境面臨的訴訟壓力。
  • Thesis Statement:明確宣示全文立場——醫療疏失多源自系統性缺陷而非單純個人怠惰;因此,降低過失率須仰賴系統改革,責任不應全由醫師承擔,法律更應給予醫師合理庇護以避免防禦性醫療。
  1. 第二段:降低疏失的具體解方與責任歸屬(Solutions & Collective Responsibility)
  • 回答第 1 & 2 問。
  • 實踐方法:推動電子病歷標準化(Standardized EHRs)、查檢表機制(Surgical Checklists)、雙重核對協議(Dual-verification protocols)、工時合理化(Work-hour regulations)。
  • 責任歸屬:引用瑞士乳酪模型(Swiss Cheese Model),指出醫療行為是團隊與多重防線的協同作業,系統性過失(Systemic failures)不應等同於個人蓄意疏忽,院方管理與制度亦需共同承擔。
  1. 第三段:健全的法律保護機制(Legal Protections for Physicians)
  • 回答第 3 問。
  • 法律機制:
  • 醫療民事賠償之非經濟損失設限(Tort reform with statutory caps on non-economic damages)。
  • 醫療除刑化(Decriminalization of ordinary medical negligence),僅保留重大疏失(Gross negligence/willful misconduct)之刑事追訴。
  • 鼓勵主動通報且不具懲罰性的過失通報保護法規(Non-punitive, protected medical error reporting systems / Apology laws)。
  1. 第四段:結論(Conclusion)
  • Restatement & Synthesis:重申醫療安全是病患福祉與醫師執業保障的雙向平衡。
  • Final Thought:只有在具備支持性、透明且制度健全的法律環境下,醫師才能免於恐懼,專注於提供卓越的醫療照護。

關鍵單字與片語解析

  • medical malpractice (n.) 醫療過失;醫療疏忽(指醫事人員偏離照護標準導致病患損害)
  • solely responsible (adj. phr.) 負完全/唯一責任
  • be entitled to (v. phr.) 有資格享有……;有權獲得……
  • defensive medicine (n.) 防禦性醫療(醫師為免遭訴訟而採取過度檢查或拒收高風險病患之行為)
  • gross negligence (n.) 重大過失;嚴重疏忽
  • systemic failure (n.) 系統性缺陷/失效
  • tort reform (n.) 侵權法改革
  • decriminalization (n.) 除刑化;非犯罪化
  • statutory cap (n.) 法定責任上限
  • no-fault compensation (n.) 無過失補償制度

範文精選(Model Essay)

Every year, an alarming number of fatalities caused by medical errors and the subsequent inundation of malpractice lawsuits expose a profound crisis in contemporary healthcare. While public indignation often targets individual healthcare providers, treating medical errors merely as personal moral or professional failures is a perilous oversimplification. To construct a r

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

其他考古題

104 年高雄醫學大學的其他科目

高雄醫學大學《英文》其他年度

其他學校的《英文》