高雄醫學大學 111 年 《英文》

📄 試題原卷 免費註冊後即可對照原始考卷 PDF免費註冊

第 1 題1 分

In Lebanon, traders and corrupted people have withheld 74% of the country’s subsidized goods from the public over the past year.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹原文:

In Lebanon, traders and corrupted people have withheld 74% of the country’s subsidized goods from the public over the past year.

翻譯:

在黎巴嫩,商人與腐敗人士在過去一年中,將該國 74% 的補貼商品扣留,不讓大眾取得。

本題空格應放在描述「商人與腐敗人士如何處理補貼商品」的動詞位置。官方答案指定為 (C) endowed。

核心觀念

本題主要考:

  1. 動詞字義辨析。
  2. 動詞與受詞、介系詞的語意搭配。
  3. 現在完成式:
    have+過去分詞have + 過去分詞

各選項皆為字首為 en- 的動詞,但意思不同:

  • enact:制定、頒布法律
  • enable:使能夠、使成為可能
  • endow:賦予、捐贈、提供
  • enlarge:擴大、放大
  • engage:從事、參與、聘用

解題方法

依句型判斷,空格位於:

traders and corrupted people have ______ 74% of the country’s subsidized goods ...

主詞是 traders and corrupted people,受詞是 74% of the country’s subsidized goods,因此需要一個能直接接受「商品」作為受詞的及物動詞。

依官方答案,選 endowed,其原形為 endow,現在完成式為:

have endowed

endow 的核心意思是「賦予、提供」,常見句型為:

endow A with B
賦予 A B

例如:

The institution was endowed with sufficient funds.
該機構獲得了充足資金。

因此,依官方命題意旨,endowed 被設定為「提供、賦予」補貼商品的動詞,答案為 (C)。

不過,題幹現有文字存在明顯語意與搭配爭議。題幹中實際出現的是 withheld,其意思是「扣留、拒絕提供」,與後面的 from the public 完全搭配,整句語意也自然:

withhold A from B
將 A 扣留,不提供給 B

相較之下:

endow 74% of goods from the public

並不是自然的英文搭配。endow 通常不與 from the public 連用,也不表示「扣留商品」。因此,若以題幹目前所呈現的完整句子判斷,withheld 才是語意正確的字;但依使用者提供的官方答案,本題定案仍為 (C) endowed。此題很可能存在題目轉錄、排版或原始空格呈現上的問題。

選項分析

(A) enacted

enact 意為「制定、頒布法律」,常見受詞為:

  • law:法律
  • regulation:規定
  • legislation:法案

例如:

The government enacted a new law.
政府制定了一項新法律。

本題受詞是 74% of the country’s subsidized goods,指的是「補貼商品的 74%」,不是法律或政策,因此 enacted 不合語意。

(B) enabled

enable 意為「使能夠、使成為可能」,常見句型為:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 2 題1 分

While the police said it was unclear who was responsible for the alleged attack, the victims reported extremists attempting to sabotage talks to end the war.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 近義動詞的語意辨析。
  2. 動詞與受詞的搭配。
  3. attempt to + 原形動詞 結構。
  4. talks 在此指「談判、協商」,不是一般聊天。

句意是:激進分子試圖阻撓結束戰爭的談判。

其中,obstruct 意為「阻礙、妨礙、阻撓」,可直接接受詞 talks:

obstruct talks
阻撓談判

因此官方答案為 D。


解題方法

定位關鍵片語:

extremists attempting to sabotage talks to end the war
激進分子試圖破壞旨在結束戰爭的談判

若依選項設計,空格應理解為放在 talks 前方,形成:

extremists attempting to obstruct talks to end the war

句型分析如下:

  • attempt to obstruct:試圖阻撓
  • obstruct talks:阻撓談判
  • talks to end the war:為結束戰爭而進行的談判

obstruct 的語意與 sabotage 最接近,皆可表示對某項計畫、活動或談判進行破壞、阻撓。放入句中後,整體語意最合理。

題幹中可定位答案的關鍵句為:

the victims reported extremists attempting to sabotage talks to end the war.

翻譯:

受害者表示,激進分子企圖破壞旨在結束戰爭的談判。

其中 sabotage talks 已經清楚表達「破壞談判」的概念;若以選項替換此處,語意相當的選項就是 obstruct。


選項分析

(A) operate

operate 主要意思是:

  • 操作、操縱:operate a machine
  • 運作:The system operates normally.
  • 動手術:operate on a patient
  • 經營、營運:operate a business

operate talks 不符合英文慣用搭配。談判不是被「操作」的機器,也不是由此動詞表示「阻撓」,因此錯誤。


(B) offend

offend 意為:

  • 冒犯、得罪:His comments offended many people.
  • 違反規定或法律:offend against the law

offend talks 並不表示「阻撓談判」。即使激進分子的行為可能冒犯他人,也無法直接說其 offend talks,因此不合句意與搭配。


(C) ordain

ordain 意為:

  • 授予神職、任命為神職人員
  • 規定、頒布
  • 命中注定

例如:

  • He was ordained as a priest.
    他被授予牧師職位。
  • The law ordained that...
    法律規定……
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 3 題1 分

After the magnitude 7 earthquake, debris littered everywhere in the megacity.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「地震後遍地散落的碎片、瓦礫」之字義辨識,並結合上下文語意判斷。

句中關鍵為:

After the magnitude 7 earthquake, debris littered everywhere in the megacity.
七級地震後,碎片、瓦礫散落在這座大城市各處。

其中 debris 意為「碎片、殘骸、瓦礫」,與地震造成的建築物 разруш壞物直接相關。選項中與其語意最接近的是 rubble,意為「瓦礫、碎石堆」。

解題方法

先找出語意線索:

  • magnitude 7 earthquake:七級地震
  • littered everywhere:散落各處、遍地都是

地震後常見的景象是建築物倒塌,產生大量「瓦礫、碎石、殘骸」。因此空格應填入表示地震災後殘留物的名詞。

完整語意為:

After the magnitude 7 earthquake, rubble littered everywhere in the megacity.
七級地震後,瓦礫散落在這座大城市各處。

選項分析

(A) racket

意為「喧鬧聲、吵雜聲」,也可指「球拍」。

  • The children were making a terrible racket.
    孩子們製造了很大的噪音。
  • He bought a new tennis racket.
    他買了一支新的網球拍。

本句談的是地震後地面散落的物體,不是聲音或運動器材,因此錯誤。

(B) revel

可作動詞,意為「狂歡、陶醉於」;也可作名詞,指「狂歡活動」。

  • The tourists reveled in the beautiful scenery.
    遊客陶醉於美麗的景色。

revel 與地震後的殘骸、瓦礫沒有語意關聯,而且本句空格需要表示「物品」的名詞,故錯誤。

(C) ritual

意為「儀式、典禮;固定的習慣」。

  • The religious ritual lasted for two hours.
    宗教儀式持續了兩個小時。

地震後散落各地的是建築物碎片,不是儀式或習慣,因此錯誤。

(D) roulette

意為「輪盤賭」,是一種賭博遊戲。

  • They played roulette at the casino.
    他們在賭場玩輪盤賭。
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 4 題1 分

After working with my new colleague for a week, I realized that we are incongruous with each other because of our different working styles.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「近義字辨析」與「字根判讀」。關鍵在於理解句中 incongruous with each other 的語意:

  • incongruous:不協調的、不相稱的、不和諧的
  • incompatible:不相容的、不合的、無法共存的

題幹指出兩人的「工作風格不同」,導致彼此難以配合,因此最符合語意的是 incompatible。

題幹定位與翻譯

After working with my new colleague for a week, I realized that we are incongruous with each other because of our different working styles.

翻譯:

和新同事共事一週後,我發現我們因為工作風格不同,彼此並不相容。

其中:

  • work with:與……共事
  • colleague:同事
  • realize:了解到、察覺
  • because of:因為
  • different working styles:不同的工作風格

句型 be incompatible with 表示「與……不相容、不合」,可用於人際關係、性格、觀念、工作方式、設備或系統等。

解題方法

先判斷空格所在語境要表達的概念:

  1. 主詞是 we,指兩位同事。
  2. 後方有 with each other,表示兩人彼此之間的相容性。
  3. 原因是 different working styles,重點是工作方式不合,造成合作困難。
  4. 因此要選擇表示「不相容、不合」的形容詞。

incompatible with each other 是最自然的搭配:

We are incompatible with each other because of our different working styles.

意思是:

我們因工作風格不同而彼此不合。

選項分析

(A) incoherent

  • incoherent:不連貫的、語無倫次的、缺乏邏輯的。
  • 通常形容言談、文章、論點或敘述內容缺乏連貫性。
  • 例如:an incoherent argument(缺乏邏輯的論點)
  • 題幹談的是兩人的工作風格不合,不是兩人說話或文章內容不連貫,因此不適合。

(B) incompatible

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 5 題1 分

The review of the new talk show was so vitriolic that we all expressed doubts about the reviewer’s background.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查同義字與語境判讀。關鍵字是 vitriolic,形容言論、批評或文字「尖酸刻薄的、刻毒的、充滿惡意的」。其語意與 caustic 高度接近,皆可形容尖銳而傷人的批評。

題幹句型為:

The review of the new talk show was so vitriolic that we all expressed doubts about the reviewer’s background.
對這個新談話節目的評論如此尖酸刻薄,以致於我們都對評論者的背景表示懷疑。

其中:

  • review:評論;評論文章
  • talk show:談話節目
  • vitriolic:尖酸刻薄的;刻毒的
  • so ... that ...:如此……以致於……
  • express doubts about ...:對……表示懷疑
  • reviewer:評論者
  • background:背景、經歷

解題方法

先判斷 so vitriolic that 所描述的評論性質。評論「尖酸刻薄」到使大家懷疑評論者的背景,表示評論內容帶有強烈敵意、攻擊性,甚至讓人懷疑評論者是否具備適當的專業或相關背景。

因此,答案應選擇與 vitriolic 意義最接近的字:

caustic = 尖刻的、刻薄的、挖苦傷人的

完整代入後:

The review was so caustic that we all expressed doubts about the reviewer’s background.
這篇評論如此尖酸刻薄,以致於我們都對評論者的背景表示懷疑。

語意通順,且與題幹中的 vitriolic 形成同義替換。

選項分析

(A) caustic

caustic 可表示「腐蝕性的」;形容言語或評論時,則表示「尖刻的、刻薄的、挖苦人的」。

例如:

  • a caustic remark:尖酸刻薄的話
  • a caustic review:尖刻的評論

本題的 caustic 與 vitriolic 都是在形容評論具有強烈攻擊性,因此正確。

(B) flattering

flattering 意為「恭維的、奉承的、討人喜歡的」。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 6 題1 分

Benson always fears that by inadvertence he would answer the question in the wrong place.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與固定搭配,關鍵在於判斷 by + 名詞 所表示的原因或方式。

題幹中的:

Benson always fears that by inadvertence he would answer the question in the wrong place.
Benson 總是害怕自己因一時疏忽,而把答案寫在錯誤的位置。

其中 by inadvertence 表示「因疏忽、不經意而造成錯誤」。五個選項中,只有 oversight 具有「疏忽、無心的錯誤」之意,且 by oversight 是自然的固定搭配。


解題方法

先抓住句意核心:

  • fears that...:害怕……
  • answer the question in the wrong place:把答案寫在錯誤的位置
  • 造成這種錯誤的原因應是「疏忽、不小心」

因此空格需要填入表示「疏忽、遺漏、無心錯誤」的名詞。

可將句子改寫為:

Benson always fears that by oversight he would answer the question in the wrong place.

意思是:

Benson 總是害怕自己因疏忽而把答案寫在錯誤的位置。


關鍵單字與片語

  • fear:害怕、擔心
  • inadvertence:疏忽、不經意
  • oversight:疏忽;無心的錯誤;遺漏
  • answer the question:回答問題
  • in the wrong place:在錯誤的位置
  • by oversight:因疏忽、由於不慎

其中 inadvertence 與 oversight 都可表示「疏忽」,但本題是選項辨析,正確選項為與句意及搭配最吻合的 oversight。


選項分析

(A) overlap

overlap 作動詞表示「重疊、部分相同」,作名詞表示「重疊部分;重疊」。

例如:

The two circles overlap.
這兩個圓彼此重疊。

代入後:

by overlap

變成「因重疊」,無法合理說明 Benson 為何會把答案寫在錯誤位置,語意不成立。


(B) overpressure

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 7 題1 分

A good translator like Tracy Lim recreates the nuances and tonality of the works in their mother tongue.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字義辨析與語境判斷,關鍵在於理解:

  • nuance:細微差異、微妙之處
  • tonality:語調、語氣、色調
  • nicety:細節上的講究;細微而重要的差異
  • mixture:混合物
  • priority:優先事項
  • rattle:喀喀聲;使人緊張不安
  • segment:部分、區段

句意表示:優秀的翻譯家不只逐字翻譯,還能在另一種語言中重現原作的細微語意與語氣。因此空格應填入與 nuances 意義相近的 niceties。


解題方法

先定位題幹中的語意線索:

A good translator like Tracy Lim recreates the nuances and tonality of the works in their mother tongue.
像 Tracy Lim 這樣優秀的翻譯家,能以自己的母語重現作品中的細微差異與語氣。

其中 nuances 與 tonality 都屬於翻譯時需要掌握的語言細節,描述的是作品中微妙的語意、情感與表達風格。

因此,空格應選擇表示「細微之處、細節上的講究」的 niceties:

recreates the niceties and tonality of the works
重現作品中的細微語意與語氣


文法與語意重點

  1. A good translator like Tracy Lim
  • like + 名詞 表示「像……一樣」。
  • like Tracy Lim 修飾 a good translator,意為「像 Tracy Lim 一樣的優秀翻譯家」。
  1. recreates
  • recreate 意為「重新創造、重現」。
  • 主詞 A good translator 為第三人稱單數,因此動詞使用 recreates。
  1. the nuances and tonality of the works
  • nuances 與 tonality 為並列受詞,共同接受動詞 recreates 的支配。
  • of the works 表示「作品的……」,修飾前面的 nuances and tonality。
  1. in their mother tongue
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 8 題1 分

The route to the restaurant is very convoluted. Drive carefully!

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查同義字辨析與語境判讀。題幹中的關鍵字是 convoluted,意思是「曲折的、迂迴的、複雜難懂的」。由於主詞是 The route(路線),此處應選擇能形容道路蜿蜒曲折的形容詞。

題幹定位與翻譯

The route to the restaurant is very convoluted. Drive carefully!

翻譯為:「前往那間餐廳的路線非常曲折。請小心駕駛!」

其中 route 是「路線、道路」,drive carefully 是「小心駕駛」。由「路線曲折」及「小心駕駛」可判斷答案須與「蜿蜒、彎曲」有關。

解題方法

將 convoluted 替換成各選項,判斷哪一個能與「路線」形成合理語意:

  • 路線很邪惡:語意不合。
  • 路線很端莊:語意不合。
  • 路線很曲折:語意合理。
  • 路線很巨大:語意不合。
  • 路線很惡名昭彰:語意不合。

因此,應選與 convoluted 意義最接近的 tortuous。

選項分析

(A) nefarious

意為「邪惡的、歹毒的、不法的」,通常形容人的行為、計畫或活動,例如:

  • a nefarious scheme:邪惡的陰謀
  • nefarious activities:不法活動

它描述道德上的邪惡,不能表示道路彎曲,因此錯誤。

(B) decorous

意為「端莊得體的、合乎禮儀的」,常用來形容舉止、言談或行為,例如:

  • decorous behavior:得體的行為

它描述禮貌與儀態,不能形容路線曲折,因此錯誤。

(C) tortuous

意為「曲折的、蜿蜒的、迂迴的」,可形容道路、路線,也可引申為論述或過程複雜迂迴,例如:

  • a tortuous road:蜿蜒曲折的道路
  • a tortuous argument:迂迴複雜的論證
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 9 題1 分

John has a haphazard working style. It is suffering to work with him.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「同義字辨析」與「形容詞語意判讀」。

題幹中的關鍵字是 haphazard,意思是:

  • haphazard:雜亂無章的、毫無計畫的、隨意的

John 的工作方式缺乏條理與計畫,因此需要選出與 haphazard 意思最接近的形容詞。


解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句是:

John has a haphazard working style.
John 的工作方式雜亂無章。

其中 haphazard 表示做事沒有明確規畫,排列或進行方式缺乏秩序。逐一比較選項後,只有 desultory 可表示「散漫的、漫無目的的、缺乏計畫的」,與 haphazard 語意最接近。

第二句:

It is suffering to work with him.
和他一起工作令人痛苦。

這句提供語境:由於 John 工作方式散漫混亂,與他共事十分困難。雖然此句英文表達並不自然,但不影響第一句所提供的同義字判斷。


選項分析

(A) deprecatory

  • 意思:表示不贊成的、貶抑的、責難的
  • 例:a deprecatory remark
    貶抑性的評論
  • 這個字與「批評、貶低」有關,並非「工作方式雜亂無章」,因此錯誤。

(B) depository

  • 意思:寄存處、保管處;存放的
  • 例:a depository for important documents
    重要文件的存放處
  • 此字主要作名詞,表示存放物品的地方,與工作態度或工作方式無關,因此錯誤。

(C) declamatory

  • 意思:朗誦式的、演說式的;慷慨激昂而誇張的
  • 例:a declamatory speech
    慷慨激昂的演說
  • 此字描述說話或演說的風格,不表示「散漫、無計畫」,因此錯誤。

(D) depilatory

  • 意思:除毛的;除毛劑
  • 例:depilatory cream
    除毛膏
  • 此字與毛髮去除有關,和工作方式完全無關,因此錯誤。

(E) desultory

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 10 題1 分

The defeat ten years ago was definitely the rock-bottom of Ashley’s career, and it took her a long time to recover from the business failure.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「表示最低點、最高點及人物程度」的字義辨析,以及上下文語意判斷。

句中關鍵片語為 rock-bottom,意為「最低點、谷底」。因此,空格必須填入與「事業最低潮」意思相同的名詞。

  • rock-bottom:最低點、谷底
  • career:職業生涯、事業
  • recover from:從……中恢復
  • business failure:事業失敗、經營失敗

解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句是:

The defeat ten years ago was definitely the rock-bottom of Ashley’s career, and it took her a long time to recover from the business failure.

翻譯:

十年前的那場失敗確實是 Ashley 職業生涯的最低點,而她花了很長時間才從這次事業失敗中恢復過來。

句中 the rock-bottom of Ashley’s career 已直接說明這場失敗是她事業生涯的「最低點」。因此空格應選擇表示「最低潮、最低點」的字。

nadir 是正式用字,意為「最低點、最低潮」,與 rock-bottom 完全同義:

the nadir of Ashley’s career
Ashley 職業生涯的最低點

句型上,空格位於 the rock-bottom 的同位語位置,需填入一個可作名詞、且能表示「事業谷底」的字。nadir 符合字性與語意。

選項分析

(A) zenith

zenith 意為「頂點、最高點、巔峰」,指成就或發展的最高階段。

  • the zenith of her career:她職業生涯的巔峰

本句談的是失敗與恢復,且 rock-bottom 明確表示最低點,因此與句意相反,錯誤。

(B) pinnacle

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 11 題1 分

The nationwide power ____ that hit Taiwan in early March was caused by a malfunction of its power grid system.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與「固定搭配」。題幹描述台灣全國性的電力中斷,原因是電力網系統故障,因此空格應填表示「停電、電力中斷」的名詞 outage。

常見搭配為:

  • power outage:停電、電力中斷
  • nationwide power outage:全國性停電

題幹定位與翻譯

The nationwide power outage that hit Taiwan in early March was caused by a malfunction of its power grid system.

翻譯:
「三月初襲擊台灣的全國性停電,是由其電力網系統故障所造成的。」

其中:

  • nationwide:全國性的
  • power:電力
  • outage:停電;供應中斷
  • hit Taiwan:侵襲台灣、影響台灣
  • be caused by:由……所造成
  • malfunction:故障;運作失常
  • power grid system:電力網系統

句中的 that hit Taiwan in early March 是關係子句,修飾前面的名詞片語 the nationwide power outage。後面的 was caused by 清楚說明這項事件是電力系統故障造成的,因此語意鎖定「停電」。

解題方法

先觀察空格前的搭配:

power ____

英文中表示「停電」最自然、最固定的說法是 power outage。再由後方的:

caused by a malfunction of its power grid system

可知事件與電力供應中斷有關,並非情緒、爆發或展望。因此選擇 outage。

選項分析

(A) outage

正確。outage 指電力、網路、供水等服務暫時中斷,尤其常用於 power outage,意為「停電」。

例:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 12 題1 分

The boss made it clear that she wanted a clear and organized proposal, not a(n) ____ one.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 形容詞的詞義辨析。
  2. 語境中的反義與對比關係。
  3. 形容詞修飾名詞時的搭配合理性。

題幹先說明老闆要求的是一份 clear and organized proposal,也就是「清楚且有組織的提案」,接著以 not a(n) ____ one 排除不符合此要求的提案。因此空格應填入與 clear and organized 意義相反,表示「模糊、不清楚、缺乏條理」的形容詞。


解題方法

題幹關鍵句為:

The boss made it clear that she wanted a clear and organized proposal, not a(n) ____ one.

翻譯:

老闆清楚表示,她想要的是一份清楚且有組織的提案,而不是一份__的提案。

句中的 not 表示前後對比。前半句的核心形容詞是:

  • clear:清楚的
  • organized:有組織的、有條理的

因此空格應選擇表示「不清楚、模糊、含糊」的形容詞。nebulous 正好表示「模糊的、含糊不清的」,與 clear and organized 形成語意上的對比。

此外,空格後的 one 代替前面的 proposal,因此空格需要填入能自然修飾 proposal 的形容詞。


選項分析

(A) chronic

  • 中文:慢性的、長期的
  • 常用搭配:chronic disease(慢性疾病)、chronic pain(慢性疼痛)
  • chronic 著重於某種狀態持續很久,通常用來描述疾病、疼痛或問題。
  • chronic proposal 並非自然搭配,也沒有「模糊、不清楚」的意思。

因此錯誤。

(B) intrinsic

  • 中文:內在的、固有的、本質上的
  • 常用搭配:intrinsic value(內在價值)、intrinsic motivation(內在動機)
  • intrinsic 說明某種特質存在於事物本身,與外在因素相對。
  • 題幹需要的是「不清楚、缺乏條理」的意思,intrinsic 與此語意無關。

因此錯誤。

(C) nebulous

  • 中文:模糊的、含糊不清的、朦朧的
  • nebulous proposal:內容模糊、缺乏明確架構的提案
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 13 題1 分

The ___ of the regulations makes the start of our project impossible. We need further clarification.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「近形異義字」的字義辨析,並利用上下文判斷名詞所代表的語意。

題幹描述:

The ___ of the regulations makes the start of our project impossible. We need further clarification.
這些規章的__使我們不可能開始計畫。我們需要進一步的釐清。

關鍵線索是:

  • makes the start of our project impossible:使計畫無法開始
  • further clarification:需要進一步釐清

可知這些 regulations 應具有「複雜、混亂、難以理清」的特徵,因此答案須表示「混亂的狀態或困境」。

解題方法

空格位於 The ___ of the regulations 中,須填入名詞,形成「這些規章的某種狀態」:

The morass of the regulations

morass 原意是「沼澤」,引申為「混亂、複雜難解的局面;困境」。因此 a morass of regulations 可理解為「一大堆混亂複雜、難以理清的規章」。

整句意思是:

這些規章的混亂複雜使我們無法開始計畫。我們需要進一步的釐清。

語意與後句 We need further clarification 完全吻合。

選項分析

(A) morale:士氣、精神

通常指團體或個人的信心、鬥志,例如:

  • high morale:高昂的士氣
  • boost employee morale:提升員工士氣

The morale of the regulations 意為「規章的士氣」,規章不具備士氣,語意不成立。

(B) morality:道德;道德觀

指對善惡、對錯的道德判斷,例如:

  • personal morality:個人道德觀
  • moral principles:道德原則
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 14 題1 分

Until now, the authorities have resisted locking down the city to avoid ____ the economy.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 動詞後接動名詞(V-ing)
  2. 字彙語意判斷
  3. 固定搭配與上下文邏輯

句型為:

avoid + V-ing

avoid 表示「避免」,後面必須接名詞或動名詞,因此空格應填入具 -ing 形式的字。五個選項形式上皆符合,但必須再依語意判斷。


題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句:

Until now, the authorities have resisted locking down the city to avoid ____ the economy.

翻譯:

到目前為止,當局一直抗拒封鎖這座城市,以避免使經濟陷入不穩定。

句中:

  • Until now:到目前為止
  • authorities:當局、主管機關
  • resist + V-ing:抗拒、抵制做某事
  • lock down the city:封鎖城市、實施城市封控
  • avoid + V-ing:避免做某事
  • economy:經濟

封鎖城市可能造成生產、消費、運輸與商業活動受阻,因此當局是為了避免「使經濟不穩定」,最符合的字為 destabilizing。


解題方法

先判斷文法結構:

avoid+動名詞\text{avoid}+\text{動名詞}

因此空格需要填入動名詞。接著將各選項代入:

avoid depicting the economy
避免描繪經濟

avoid revising the economy
避免修改經濟

avoid unfertilizing the economy
避免使經濟失去肥力

avoid satirizing the economy
避免諷刺經濟

avoid destabilizing the economy
避免使經濟失去穩定

只有 destabilizing the economy 能自然表達「封城可能衝擊經濟穩定」的語意。


選項分析

(A) depicting

depict 意為「描繪、描述、刻畫」。

depicting the economy 是「描繪經濟」,通常用於描述圖像、情況或現象,例如描繪經濟狀況,並非封城造成的直接負面結果。

avoid depicting the economy
避免描繪經濟

此處當局並不是避免「描述」經濟,而是避免封城對經濟造成傷害,因此錯誤。


(B) revising

revise 意為「修改、修訂、複習」。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 15 題1 分

The police claimed that media coverage as a whole was ____ against the defendants, which could be rather unfair and unjust.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 重要單字辨析
  2. 形容詞與介系詞片語的搭配
  3. 語境判斷:媒體報導是否「偏向某一方」

題幹中的關鍵結構是:

media coverage as a whole was ____ against the defendants

其中:

  • media coverage:媒體報導
  • as a whole:整體而言、總體來說
  • defendants:被告
  • against:對……不利、反對……
  • slanted against:偏向不利於……、帶有偏見地對待……

因此空格需要填入一個能描述「媒體報導整體上對被告不利」的字。


解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句為:

The police claimed that media coverage as a whole was slanted against the defendants, which could be rather unfair and unjust.

翻譯:

警方聲稱,整體而言,媒體報導偏向對被告不利,這可能相當不公平且不公正。

句尾的 unfair and unjust 明確表示媒體報導具有偏見、失去客觀性。因此空格應填入表示「偏斜、偏袒、帶有偏見」的 slanted。

slant 原本指「使傾斜」,引申為「使觀點偏向某一方」。
be slanted against someone 表示「對某人不利、偏袒其對立方」。


選項分析

(A) pranked

prank 是「惡作劇、捉弄」;pranked 是「被捉弄的」或「捉弄了某人」。

若填入:

media coverage was pranked against the defendants

語意變成「媒體報導被對被告惡作劇」,不符合媒體報導「偏頗、不公」的語境。且 prank 不與 against 搭配表達「對某人不利」。

因此錯誤。


(B) slanted

slanted 可表示「偏斜的、偏頗的、有偏見的」。
be slanted against the defendants 表示「報導內容偏向對被告不利」。

這與後面的:

which could be rather unfair and unjust

形成清楚的語意呼應,表示媒體報導可能不公平、不公正。

因此 (B) slanted 正確。


(C) parachuted

parachute 是「跳傘、以降落傘降落」;parachuted 是「跳傘降落的」。

若填入:

media coverage was parachuted against the defendants

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 16 題1 分

Submissions are given a(n) _____ check, to ensure that at least they meet the requirements of a scientific paper.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「形容詞語意與名詞搭配」。句型為:

Submissions are given a(n) _____ check, to ensure that at least they meet the requirements of a scientific paper.

空格位於名詞 check 前,必須填入形容詞;判斷關鍵在於語意:

  • cursory check:粗略的檢查、初步檢查
  • 目的為確認稿件「至少」符合科學論文的基本要求,表示先進行最低限度的初步審查。

題幹定位與翻譯

原句:

Submissions are given a(n) cursory check, to ensure that at least they meet the requirements of a scientific paper.

翻譯:

投稿文件會接受粗略的檢查,以確保它們至少符合科學論文的要求。

其中 at least(至少)是重要線索,表示這項檢查只先確認基本條件,不代表進行完整、深入的審查,因此應選 cursory。

解題方法

先觀察空格後面的名詞 check,四個選項都是形容詞,單靠詞性無法排除,必須進一步判斷語意。

句中:

  • submissions:投稿件、投稿文件
  • are given a check:被給予檢查、接受檢查
  • to ensure that...:為了確保……
  • at least:至少
  • meet the requirements:符合要求
  • scientific paper:科學論文

投稿文件先接受一項「基本、快速、表面的檢查」,以確認是否具備成為科學論文的最低條件,最自然的搭配就是 a cursory check。

此外,cursory 的開頭發音為子音音素 /k/,因此搭配不定冠詞 a:

a cursory check

題幹使用 a(n) 是為了保留填入不同選項的形式;填入答案後應為 a cursory check。

選項分析

(A) cursory

cursory 意為「粗略的、草率的、匆促查看的」,常表示檢查只進行到初步程度,沒有深入細節。

常見搭配包括:

  • a cursory check:粗略檢查
  • a cursory examination:粗略檢查
  • a cursory glance:匆匆一瞥

a cursory check 完全符合句意,也與 at least 相互呼應:先確認投稿件至少達到科學論文的基本要求。

因此選 A。

(B) elegiac

elegiac 意為「挽歌的、哀悼的、感傷的」,通常用來描述與死亡、哀悼或悲傷情緒有關的文字、語調或作品,例如:

  • an elegiac poem:挽歌式的詩
  • an elegiac tone:哀傷的語調

elegiac check 並非自然搭配。「檢查」本身不具有哀悼或感傷的性質,與投稿文件是否符合科學論文要求的語境也無關,因此錯誤。

(C) fallacious

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 17 題1 分

This Italian designer is famous for her _____ costumes, such as black cape and vinyl trousers handcrafted to include 10,000 pearls.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「形容詞的語意判斷」與「上下文線索」。空格位於:

This Italian designer is famous for her _____ costumes, such as black cape and vinyl trousers handcrafted to include 10,000 pearls.

句型為 be famous for + 名詞,空格後的 costumes 是名詞,因此空格應填入能描述服裝特色的形容詞。

題幹以「黑色斗篷、乙烯基長褲,並手工加入一萬顆珍珠」具體說明服裝具有華麗、誇張、引人注目的特色,因此應選 flamboyant。

解題方法

定位關鍵線索:

such as black cape and vinyl trousers handcrafted to include 10,000 pearls
例如黑色斗篷和手工製作、加入一萬顆珍珠的乙烯基長褲。

「加入一萬顆珍珠」顯示服裝設計極度華麗、醒目,不是樸素或低調風格。flamboyant 可形容人、服裝或風格「華麗誇張的、炫目的、引人注目的」,與 costumes 搭配自然。

全句翻譯:

This Italian designer is famous for her flamboyant costumes, such as black cape and vinyl trousers handcrafted to include 10,000 pearls.
這位義大利設計師以其華麗誇張的服裝聞名,例如黑色斗篷,以及手工製作並加入一萬顆珍珠的乙烯基長褲。

選項分析

(A) anonymous:匿名的;不具名的

通常用來形容作者、捐贈者、來源等身分不明或未公開,例如 an anonymous donor(匿名捐贈者)。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 18 題1 分

A prodigiously talented and _____ chef, Alice always travels from place to place in the city to find inspiration.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨識」與「語境判斷」,並兼考形容詞在句中的搭配功能。

句型為:

A prodigiously talented and _____ chef, Alice always travels from place to place in the city to find inspiration.

空格位於名詞 chef 前,且與 talented 由 and 連接,因此需要填入一個能描述 Alice 的形容詞。後半句 always travels from place to place 是判斷答案的關鍵線索。

題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句:

Alice always travels from place to place in the city to find inspiration.

意思是:

Alice 總是在城市裡到處旅行,以尋找創作靈感。

因此,空格應表示「經常到處旅行的、遊走各地的」。

完整翻譯:

Alice 是一位才華極其出眾、四處遊走的廚師,總是在城市裡到處旅行以尋找靈感。

解題方法

先觀察文法結構:

a prodigiously talented and _____ chef

  • talented:有才華的
  • 空格中的字與 talented 並列,共同修飾 chef
  • prodigiously 修飾 talented,表示「極其、非常」

接著利用語意線索:

travels from place to place

這個片語表示「從一個地方旅行到另一個地方、四處奔波」。能表達「四處遊走、到處旅行」的形容詞是 peripatetic。

選項分析

(A) pejorative

pejorative 意為「貶低的、帶有貶義的」。

例如:

a pejorative term
貶義詞

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 19 題1 分

Peter Molly, whose _____ restaurant Molly serves luxurious food, has lost many customers since the pandemic.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「關係代名詞 whose 的句型」。

句型為:

Peter Molly, whose _____ restaurant Molly serves luxurious food, has lost many customers since the pandemic.

其中 whose + 形容詞 + 名詞 表示「某人的……」。空格後的名詞是 restaurant,因此須選能合理修飾「以 Peter Molly 命名的餐廳」的形容詞。

eponymous 的意思是「以某人或某事物命名的」,因此:

  • Peter Molly’s eponymous restaurant
    = 以 Peter Molly 命名的餐廳

題幹提到餐廳名稱為 Molly,與人名 Peter Molly 相呼應,符合 eponymous 的語意。

解題方法

先定位關鍵語意:

whose eponymous restaurant Molly serves luxurious food
「他的同名餐廳 Molly 供應豪華餐點」

eponymous restaurant 指「以該人物姓名命名的餐廳」。因此整句可翻譯為:

Peter Molly 的同名餐廳 Molly 供應豪華餐點;自從疫情以來,Peter Molly 已經流失許多顧客。

句中的 has lost 是現在完成式,表示「從疫情開始至今,已經流失」,但本題主要考點是空格的單字語意。

選項分析

(A) vertiginous

意為「令人眩暈的;極高的;急遽上升的」。

例如:

  • a vertiginous height
    令人眩暈的高度
  • a vertiginous drop in prices
    價格急遽下跌

vertiginous restaurant 只能理解成「令人眩暈的餐廳」或「位於極高處的餐廳」,與餐廳是否以 Peter Molly 命名無關,語意不合。

(B) eponymous

意為「以某人或某事物命名的;同名的」。

例如:

  • an eponymous restaurant
    以本人姓名命名的餐廳
  • the eponymous hero
    與作品同名的主角
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 20 題1 分

Rumor has it that at the present moment Jackson is being far too ____ with company funds, which might lead to some potential financial crisis for the company.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「形容詞搭配」。句型為:

Jackson is being far too ____ with company funds.

其中:

  • be prodigal with money/funds/resources:揮霍金錢/資金/資源
  • far too + 形容詞:太過於……
  • company funds:公司的資金

句意指出 Jackson 使用公司資金的方式,已經嚴重到可能引發財務危機,因此空格應填入「揮霍、浪費」之意的形容詞。

解題方法

定位關鍵語句:

which might lead to some potential financial crisis for the company.
這可能導致公司陷入某種潛在的財務危機。

「使用公司資金」與「導致財務危機」之間具有因果關係,表示 Jackson 花錢過度、支出浪費。prodigal 正好表示「揮霍的、浪費的、奢侈的」,常與 with money/funds 搭配。

完整句意為:

Rumor has it that at the present moment Jackson is being far too prodigal with company funds, which might lead to some potential financial crisis for the company.
據傳目前 Jackson 對公司資金的使用過於揮霍,這可能導致公司陷入潛在的財務危機。

因此選 (D) prodigal。

選項分析

(A) mouldy

  • mouldy:發霉的、腐敗的
  • 通常用來形容食物、物品或氣味,例如 mouldy bread(發霉的麵包)。
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 21 題1 分

Divorce can be, ____ its initial devastation, a step toward new health and a good life.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「介系詞片語的功能與語意判斷」,尤其是表達讓步關係的介系詞:

  • despite + 名詞/名詞片語:儘管、即使
  • owing to + 名詞/名詞片語:由於
  • except for + 名詞/名詞片語:除了……之外
  • so as to + 原形動詞:為了……

句型為:

Divorce can be, despite its initial devastation, a step toward new health and a good life.

其中 despite its initial devastation 是插入句中的介系詞片語,修飾整個主句,表示「儘管離婚一開始帶來極大破壞」。

解題方法

先觀察空格後方:

____ its initial devastation

its initial devastation 是名詞片語,因此空格應填能直接接名詞片語的介系詞或介系詞片語。

再判斷前後語意:

  • 前半表示離婚初期造成破壞。
  • 後半表示離婚可能成為通往健康新生活的一步。

前後具有「不利情況與正面結果並存」的讓步關係,最適合使用 despite。

完整句意為:

儘管離婚一開始帶來破壞,它仍可能是邁向更健康生活與美好人生的一步。

題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵原文為:

Divorce can be, despite its initial devastation, a step toward new health and a good life.

翻譯:

儘管離婚起初造成極大的破壞,它仍可能是邁向更健康狀態與美好生活的一步。

句中的 despite its initial devastation 可移至句首,句意與文法仍然成立:

Despite its initial devastation, divorce can be a step toward new health and a good life.

選項分析

(A) despite:正確

despite 是介系詞,後面接名詞、代名詞或動名詞。本句中接 its initial devastation,文法正確。

語意上,despite 表示「儘管」,形成讓步關係:

儘管離婚一開始造成破壞,離婚仍可能帶來新的健康狀態與美好生活。

因此符合官方答案。

(B) though:錯誤

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 22 題1 分

On the first day of school we were welcomed by the teachers, ____ were experts in linguistics.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「非限定關係子句」與關係代名詞的用法。

題幹主句為:

On the first day of school we were welcomed by the teachers, ____ were experts in linguistics.

逗號後補充說明前面的先行詞 the teachers,因此須使用非限定關係子句。由於先行詞為人,且關係代名詞在子句中作介系詞 of 的受詞,須使用 whom:

  • most of whom = 其中大多數人
  • each of whom = 其中每一個人

句意為:「開學第一天,老師們歡迎我們,其中大多數老師都是語言學學專家。」

解題方法

先判斷空格後的結構:

____ were experts in linguistics.

空格後已有動詞 were,因此空格須包含主詞成分。若採用「數量詞 + of + 關係代名詞」結構,可形成:

most of whom were experts

其中:

  • most:大多數
  • of whom:其中的哪些人
  • were experts:是專家

先行詞 the teachers 是複數,且語意是「老師之中大多數人」,所以使用 most of whom 最合適。

定位答案的原文與翻譯

On the first day of school we were welcomed by the teachers, most of whom were experts in linguistics.

翻譯:

開學第一天,老師們歡迎我們,其中大多數老師都是語言學學專家。

選項分析

(A) each of whom

each of whom 意為「其中每一位」。若使用此選項,後面的動詞應採單數:

each of whom was an expert

題目卻使用複數動詞 were,因此發生主詞動詞一致錯誤。此外,each of whom 表示所有老師都是語言學專家,與官方答案所要表達的「大多數老師」不同。

故本選項錯誤。

(B) most of them

most of them were experts 本身可以形成完整句子,但放在本題中會變成:

We were welcomed by the teachers, most of them were experts in linguistics.

逗號連接兩個完整子句,形成 comma splice,不能直接用逗號連接。若要使用 them,可改成:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 23 題1 分

A rhetorical question requires neither information nor response. ____, the principal purpose is to achieve a rhetorical effect, such as showing disagreement.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「轉折與語意銜接副詞」的用法,重點在於判斷前後兩句的邏輯關係。

題幹指出:

A rhetorical question requires neither information nor response. Rather, the principal purpose is to achieve a rhetorical effect, such as showing disagreement.

翻譯為:

修辭問句既不需要資訊,也不需要回應。相反地,其主要目的在於達到修辭效果,例如表達不同意。

前句先說明修辭問句的功能「不是取得資訊或回應」;後句進一步改以正面方式說明其真正目的「是產生修辭效果」。前後形成「不是……,而是……」的對比,因此應使用 Rather。

解題方法

空格後接逗號,位於句首,後面接完整句子:

____, the principal purpose is to achieve a rhetorical effect.

此處需要一個能表達「前述說法不完全是重點,真正情況是……」的轉折副詞。

句型可理解為:

It does not serve to obtain information or a response. Rather, it serves to create a rhetorical effect.

因此答案為 Rather,意思是「相反地;而是」。

選項分析

(A) Likewise:同樣地;也

Likewise 用於表示兩件事具有相同情況或相似特徵,例如:

The first method is effective. Likewise, the second method produces good results.

本題前句與後句不是相似或平行關係,而是先否定某項功能,再指出真正目的,因此不合語意。

(B) Simultaneously:同時地

Simultaneously 表示兩件事情在同一時間發生,強調時間關係。例如:

The two events occurred simultaneously.

本題討論的是修辭問句的「目的」與「功能」,沒有同時發生的時間概念,故不適用。

(C) Moreover:此外;而且

Moreover 用來補充另一項同方向的資訊,通常相當於「而且、此外」。例如:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 24 題1 分

The spiral is one of the oldest geometric shapes found in the ancient world. The petroglyphs of the symbols ____ back to the Neolithic period.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「動詞片語搭配」與「現在簡單式表達歷史事實」。

關鍵片語為:

  • date back to + 時間:追溯至……年代
  • the Neolithic period:新石器時代
  • petroglyph:岩畫、岩刻
  • geometric shape:幾何形狀
  • spiral:螺旋形
  • ancient world:古代世界
  • symbol:符號

題幹中的主詞是複數名詞 The petroglyphs,因此動詞應使用原形 date。此外,描述歷史起源或普遍事實時,通常使用現在簡單式。

解題方法

定位關鍵句:

The petroglyphs of the symbols ____ back to the Neolithic period.
這些符號的岩刻可追溯至新石器時代。

完整句型為:

The petroglyphs of the symbols date back to the Neolithic period.

date back to 是固定片語,表示「追溯至某個時間」。主詞 The petroglyphs 為複數,因此使用動詞原形 date。

整句可翻譯為:

這些符號的岩刻可追溯至新石器時代。

選項分析

(A) are dating

錯誤。
are dating 是現在進行式,表示「目前正在追溯」或「正在確定年代」,不符合本句描述古代岩刻歷史起源的語意。此外,固定片語是 date back to,不是 are dating back to。即使文法上可形成進行式,語意仍不自然。

(B) have been dated

錯誤。
have been dated 是現在完成被動式,表示「已經被判定年代」。若使用此結構,通常會搭配:

have been dated to the Neolithic period

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 25 題1 分

____ from the psychiatry raised some eyebrows at that time.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「名詞子句作主詞」以及被動語態。

句型為:

That + 主詞 + 動詞…… + 動詞……

其中由 that 引導的子句可視為一個名詞,整體作句子的主詞。題幹主句的動詞是 raised,意為「引起、造成」,因此空格處需要填入一個完整的主詞。

完整句意為:

That Billy Milligan was released from the psychiatry raised some eyebrows at that time.
Billy Milligan 被釋放出精神科(相關機構)這件事,在當時引起了一些人的驚訝與議論。

解題方法

先觀察空格後的主要動詞:

____ raised some eyebrows at that time.

若空格填入一個完整句子,必須用名詞子句標誌 that 將它名詞化。

選項 A:

That Billy Milligan was released

結構完整:

  • That:名詞子句引導詞
  • Billy Milligan:主詞
  • was released:被動語態,表示「被釋放」

整個名詞子句 That Billy Milligan was released from the psychiatry 作為 raised 的主詞,文法完整,語意也合理。

關鍵單字與片語

  • release:釋放、釋出;使出院
  • be released:被釋放、獲釋、被准許出院
  • psychiatry:精神醫學、精神科
  • raise eyebrows:引起驚訝、質疑或議論
  • at that time:在那個時候、當時

選項分析

(A) That Billy Milligan was released

正確。

That 引導名詞子句,整個子句作主詞:

That Billy Milligan was released raised some eyebrows.

此外,Billy Milligan 是「被釋放」的對象,因此使用被動語態 was released 正確。


(B) Billy Milligan had released

錯誤。

此選項缺少 that,無法將後面的完整內容名詞化作主詞。除此之外,had released 是過去完成式的主動語態,release 通常需要受詞,表示「某人釋放了某人或某物」:

Billy Milligan had released someone.

原句中沒有受詞,且題意是「Billy Milligan 被釋放」,應使用被動語態 was released,不是主動語態 had released。


(C) With Billy Milligan being released

錯誤。

with + 名詞 + V-ing 可形成附帶狀況的介系詞片語,例如:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 26 題1 分

For each sentence, choose ONE underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.

Others raise concerns about precedents: if the government wipes out current student loans, future college students may have an incentive to take on debts, hoping they will also forgive.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 代名詞指涉是否清楚、合理。
  2. 動詞與主詞在語意上的搭配。
  3. 分詞片語的邏輯主詞。
  4. 句子整體語意是否符合上下文。

題幹句意為:

Others raise concerns about precedents: if the government wipes out current student loans, future college students may have an incentive to take on debts, hoping they will also forgive.

翻譯:

其他人則擔心這會形成先例:如果政府免除目前的學生貸款,未來的大學生可能會因此有誘因承擔債務,並希望他們也能獲得免除。


解題方法

先將句子切分:

  • 主句:Others raise concerns about precedents
  • if 條件子句:if the government wipes out current student loans
  • 主要結果:future college students may have an incentive to take on debts
  • 分詞片語:hoping they will also forgive

前三部分的文法結構完整:

  • raise concerns about ...:對……表示擔憂
  • if + 主詞 + 動詞:條件子句
  • may have an incentive to + 原形動詞:可能有……的誘因

問題集中在句尾的 hoping they will also forgive。其中 they 最自然的指涉對象是前面的 future college students,但大學生是承擔債務的人,不是免除債務的人;真正能夠 forgive student loans 的主體應是 the government。

因此,整句出現代名詞指涉與語意邏輯不一致的問題。官方將整個句子列為選項 E,故答案依官方公布為 E。

較自然的改法如下:

  • hoping the government will also forgive their debts
  • hoping their debts will also be forgiven
  • hoping the government will forgive their student loans as well

選項分析

(A) Others raise concerns about precedents

文法正確。

  • others 作主詞,表示「其他人」。
  • raise concerns about ... 是正確搭配,表示「對……表示擔憂」。
  • precedents 表示「先例」,此處指政府免除學生貸款可能造成的政策先例。

因此 A 沒有錯誤。


(B) if the government wipes out current student loans

文法正確。

  • if 引導條件子句。
  • the government 為單數主詞,因此使用單數動詞 wipes。
  • wipe out 是片語動詞,表示「消除、全部免除」。
  • current student loans 表示「目前的學生貸款」。

此處的現在式 wipes out 用於條件句,表示未來可能發生的條件,符合英文文法:

If + 現在式,主詞 + may / will + 原形動詞

因此 B 沒有錯誤。


(C) future college students may have an incentive to take on debts

文法正確。

句型為:

主詞 + may have + an incentive + to V

其中:

  • future college students:未來的大學生
  • may have:可能有
  • an incentive to V:做某事的誘因
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 27 題1 分

For each sentence, choose ONE underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.

Neurologists believe that each virus is capable of crossing into the brain and damages the fragile structures controlling the co-ordination of movement, knew as the basal ganglia, initiating a process of degeneration which can lead to Parkinson’s.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「分詞片語與關係子句的省略」以及動詞形式辨識。

句中:

the fragile structures controlling the co-ordination of movement, known as the basal ganglia

可還原為:

the fragile structures which control the co-ordination of movement, which are known as the basal ganglia

其中:

  • controlling 是現在分詞,表示主動:「控制……的」。
  • known 是過去分詞,表示被動:「被稱為……的」。
  • 被動結構為 be known as + 名詞,省略 be 動詞後,必須保留過去分詞 known。

因此,knew 的形式錯誤,應改為 known。


題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句為:

Neurologists believe that each virus is capable of crossing into the brain and damages the fragile structures controlling the co-ordination of movement, knew as the basal ganglia, initiating a process of degeneration which can lead to Parkinson’s.

翻譯:

神經科醫師相信,每一種病毒都有能力穿越進入大腦,並且會損害控制動作協調的脆弱構造;這些構造被稱為基底核,病毒因而引發一種退化過程,可能導致帕金森氏症。

其中 knew as the basal ganglia 應為:

known as the basal ganglia

意為「被稱為基底核」。


解題方法

先找各選項中的動詞,再判斷其在句中的功能:

  1. is capable of crossing:主詞 each virus 為單數,使用 is;介系詞 of 後接動名詞 crossing。
  2. damages:與前面的主要動詞結構並列,主詞仍是 each virus,因此使用第三人稱單數 damages。
  3. controlling:現在分詞片語修飾 structures,表示「控制動作協調的構造」。
  4. knew as:判斷是否為被動語態。語意是「被稱為基底核」,應使用過去分詞 known,而非過去式 knew。
  5. initiating:現在分詞片語,表示前述動作所造成的結果:「進而引發……」。
  6. which can lead to Parkinson’s:關係代名詞 which 引導形容詞子句,修飾 process of degeneration。

因此錯誤集中在 D。


選項分析

(A) each virus is capable of crossing into the brain

此部分正確。

  • each + 單數可數名詞,所以使用單數動詞 is。
  • be capable of + V-ing 是固定用法,意為「有能力做……」。
  • crossing into the brain 意為「穿越進入大腦」。

句型為:

each virus is capable of crossing into the brain

文法完整。


(B) and damages the fragile structures

此部分在本題句構中正確。

damages 的主詞仍是 each virus,因此使用第三人稱單數形式。此處 and 可連接兩個由同一主詞支配的述語:

each virus is capable of crossing into the brain
and damages the fragile structures

意為「每一種病毒有能力進入大腦,並且會損害脆弱構造」。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 28 題1 分

For each sentence, choose ONE underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.

According to the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, the virus detected in a flock of commercial pullet chickens in Franklin County was impacted 250,000 birds.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 主動語態與被動語態
  2. 及物動詞的句型
  3. 關係子句省略
  4. 數量表達與可數名詞複數

題幹句子的核心結構為:

the virus detected in a flock of commercial pullet chickens in Franklin County was impacted 250,000 birds.

其中主詞是:

the virus detected ...

主要動詞是:

was impacted

句尾的:

250,000 birds

在語意上是「受到病毒影響的對象」,亦即動詞 impact 的受詞。


解題方法

先找出句子的主詞與主要動詞:

  • 主詞:the virus
  • 修飾主詞的分詞片語:detected in a flock ...
  • 主要動詞:was impacted
  • 後接名詞:250,000 birds

動詞 impact 的基本用法如下:

1. 主動語態

主詞+impact+受詞\text{主詞}+\text{impact}+\text{受詞}

例如:

The virus impacted 250,000 birds.

意思是「該病毒影響了 25 萬隻鳥」。

2. 被動語態

受詞+be+impacted+by+行為者\text{受詞}+\text{be}+\text{impacted}+\text{by}+\text{行為者}

例如:

250,000 birds were impacted by the virus.

意思是「25 萬隻鳥受到該病毒影響」。

原句卻寫成:

The virus was impacted 250,000 birds.

這會形成「被動語態後直接接受詞」的錯誤結構。若保留 was impacted,後面必須加 by,並將病毒視為受影響者;若要表達病毒影響鳥群,則應改用主動語態:

The virus impacted 250,000 birds.

依官方答案,錯誤標示為 (E) 250,000 birds。其判定重點是:此片語接在被動結構 was impacted 後,形成不合文法的句型。


題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句:

According to the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, the virus detected in a flock of commercial pullet chickens in Franklin County was impacted 250,000 birds.

依官方答案所要求的修正方向,句子應改為:

According to the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, the virus detected in a flock of commercial pullet chickens in Franklin County impacted 250,000 birds.

翻譯:

根據愛荷華州農業暨土地管理部門的說法,在富蘭克林郡一群商業飼養的幼母雞中檢測出的病毒,影響了 25 萬隻鳥。


選項分析

(A) According to the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship

正確。

According to + 人/機構表示「根據……所述」。此處用來引出消息來源,文法與語意皆正確。

關鍵片語:

  • according to:根據
  • department:部門
  • agriculture:農業
  • land stewardship:土地管理;土地保育

整個介系詞片語放在句首,修飾整個句子,沒有問題。


(B) the virus detected in a flock of commercial pullet chickens

正確。

核心名詞片語為:

the virus

後面的:

detected in a flock of commercial pullet chickens

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 29 題1 分

For each sentence, choose ONE underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.

Critics have called into a question the legality of a railway project that, if approved, would connect key cities on the eastern side of the country, a situation which will make travel more convenient.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查固定片語、冠詞使用、關係子句與分詞構句。

關鍵片語為:

  • call ... into question:對……提出質疑;使人懷疑……
  • call the legality into question:質疑合法性
  • if approved:若獲得批准,為「if it is approved」的被動語態省略形式
  • on the eastern side of the country:位於該國東部
  • make travel more convenient:使旅行更加便利

解題方法

先找句中的固定片語,再檢查其搭配是否完整。題幹中的關鍵部分是:

Critics have called into a question the legality of a railway project

句意為:

批評者已對一項鐵路計畫的合法性提出質疑。

英文固定用法是 call ... into question,其中 question 作為抽象名詞使用時通常不加冠詞:

call the legality into question

因此不能在 into 與 question 之間加入不定冠詞 a。選項 A 的錯誤在於 into a question,應改為 into question。

選項分析

(A) Critics have called into a question:錯誤

固定片語應為:

call ... into question

不可寫成:

call ... into a question

正確句子為:

Critics have called into question the legality of a railway project.

也可改寫為:

Critics have called the legality of a railway project into question.

兩者皆表示「批評者質疑該鐵路計畫的合法性」。

(B) the legality of a railway project:正確

legality 是不可數名詞,表示「合法性」。此處由 the 限定,指該項鐵路計畫的合法性;of a railway project 作為介系詞片語,說明是哪一項事物的合法性,結構完整。

(C) that, if approved, would connect key cities:正確

此處 that 引導關係子句,修飾前面的 a railway project:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 30 題1 分

For each sentence, choose ONE underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.

Rebuilding alliances may be central to the president’s global strategy, but in Europe, as elsewhere, the world has changed. For example, European allies have upped their defense spend to fight against their common enemies.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 動詞 fight 的及物與不及物用法。
  2. 動詞與介系詞的搭配(collocation)。
  3. spend 作為名詞時的語意與正式程度。
  4. 句意與文法結構的整體判斷。

題幹定位答案的句子為:

European allies have upped their defense spend to fight against their common enemies.

意為:

歐洲盟國已提高國防支出,以對抗共同敵人。

官方答案認定錯誤在 (E),主要依據是認為 fight 後面已有直接受詞 their common enemies,不應再加上介系詞 against。依此命題意旨,應改為:

European allies have upped their defense spend to fight their common enemies.


解題方法

先確認句子的主要架構:

  • Rebuilding alliances:動名詞片語作主詞
  • may be central to the president’s global strategy:主要子句
  • but in Europe, as elsewhere:轉折與插入語
  • European allies have upped their defense spend:另一個主要子句
  • to fight against their common enemies:不定詞片語,表示提高國防支出的目的

判斷錯誤時,須檢查每個畫線部分的:

  1. 主詞與動詞是否一致;
  2. 時態與語態是否正確;
  3. 動詞、名詞及介系詞的搭配是否符合題目要求;
  4. 片語放入句意後是否自然。

選項分析

(A) Rebuilding alliances

rebuilding 是動名詞,意為「重建、重新建立」,整個 Rebuilding alliances 作為主詞,表示「重建同盟」。

動名詞片語作主詞時,視為單數,因此後面搭配單數動詞:

Rebuilding alliances may be central...

用法正確。

常見搭配:

  • rebuild alliances:重建同盟
  • rebuild trust:重建信任
  • rebuild relationships:重建關係

(B) may be central to the president’s global strategy

may be 表示「可能是」,此處表達推測或可能性。

be central to 是固定搭配,意為「對……至關重要、是……的核心」。

因此:

Rebuilding alliances may be central to the president’s global strategy.

意為:

重建同盟可能是總統全球戰略的核心。

其中 central to 不可誤寫成 central for;正式英文中表示「對某事至關重要」時,通常使用 central to。此選項正確。


(C) but in Europe, as elsewhere

but 作為連接詞,連接前後兩個主要子句,表示「但是」。

as elsewhere 是插入性的副詞片語,意為「如同其他地方一樣」。完整理解為:

in Europe, as elsewhere
在歐洲,和其他地方一樣

逗號將插入語隔開,句法清楚:

...but in Europe, as elsewhere, the world has changed.

意為:

但是在歐洲,和其他地方一樣,世界已經改變了。

此選項的標點與片語使用皆正確。


(D) European allies have upped their defense spend

European allies 是複數主詞,搭配 have 正確。

up 原本是副詞,但 up 也可作動詞,表示「提高、增加」;其過去分詞為 upped:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 31 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In 2017, Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs designated Yuasa a Japan Heritage Site for being the birthplace of Japanese soy sauce, which is said to have been first made here in the late 13th century. The now-beloved condiment came about soon after a Japanese Buddhist monk named Shinchi Kakushin returned from a trip to China and became the abbot at Kokoku-ji Temple near Yuasa. He brought with him a recipe for making Kinzanji miso, a uniquely chunky type of miso made from whole soybeans, various other grains (such as barley and rice) and vegetables.

Yuasa’s townsfolk soon discovered that the small amount of liquid pooling in tubs of fermenting Kinzanji miso, as its ingredients were pressed down with heavy stones, was in itself delicious. This by-product, called tamari (a generic word that means “to accumulate”), became the basis for soy sauce as we know it today. Within years, Yuasa was transformed from being a ____ on the Kumano Kodo pilgrimage route that leads to the renowned temples and shrines on nearby Mt. Koya, into Japan’s most important soy sauce brewing center.

Today, the town’s historical district is protected by Japanese law. It is an extensive area encompassing 323 houses and other hongawara-buki (traditional buildings) recognized for their immense cultural value. Many of them still have their traditional lattice windows and curved tile roofs, architectural features that were symbols to passers-by of the owners’ prosperity. Visiting them tells the remarkable story of the intertwined fortunes of Kinzanji miso and soy sauce.

What is the main purpose of the passage?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考的是閱讀測驗中的「主旨判斷」。主旨不是尋找文章提到最多的單一人物、物品或細節,而是判斷全文主要想完成的任務。

判斷主旨時,應注意:

  • 開頭是否直接交代文章主題。
  • 中段的歷史故事是否服務於同一主題。
  • 結尾是否回到該地點、事件或主題的現況。
  • 選項涵蓋範圍是否足以統整全文。

本文圍繞三個核心內容:

  1. Yuasa 是日本醬油的發源地。
  2. 醬油如何由 Kinzanji miso 的副產品 tamari 發展而來。
  3. Yuasa 今日仍保存具有文化價值的歷史街區。

因此,全文主旨是介紹「日本醬油的發源地」Yuasa,而非只講某一位人物、某一種製程或兩種食品的比較。


解題方法

閱讀第一句即可掌握文章方向:

“In 2017, Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs designated Yuasa a Japan Heritage Site for being the birthplace of Japanese soy sauce...”

翻譯:

「2017 年,日本文化廳將 Yuasa 指定為日本遺產地,因為它是日本醬油的發源地……」

這句直接指出:

  • 文章主體:Yuasa
  • 文章重要身分:日本醬油的發源地
  • 後文功能:說明醬油在此地的起源、發展,以及當地歷史建築的保存情形

第二段解釋醬油的由來:Shinchi Kakushin 從中國帶回 Kinzanji miso 的製作配方,Yuasa 居民發現發酵味噌所產生的液體 tamari 很美味,而 tamari 後來成為現代醬油的基礎。

第三段則說明 Yuasa 今日的歷史街區受到法律保護,保存許多傳統建築。這些內容都在補充 Yuasa 作為醬油發源地的歷史與文化價值。

所以,最能涵蓋全文的選項是:

(C) To introduce the birthplace of Japanese soy sauce.
介紹日本醬油的發源地。


文章中的重要單字與片語

  • designate A a B:指定 A 為 B
  • designated Yuasa a Japan Heritage Site:將 Yuasa 指定為日本遺產地
  • birthplace:發源地、誕生地
  • condiment:調味品
  • abbot:住持、方丈
  • recipe:食譜、製作方法
  • chunky:含有大塊材料的、粗厚的
  • ferment:發酵
  • pooling:聚積、積存
  • by-product:副產品
  • basis:基礎
  • transform A from B into C:將 A 從 B 轉變成 C
  • pilgrimage route:朝聖路線
  • renowned:著名的
  • encompass:包含、涵蓋
  • immense cultural value:極高的文化價值
  • prosperity:繁榮、富裕
  • intertwined fortunes:彼此交織的興衰、命運

文法上,第一句的 for being the birthplace of Japanese soy sauce 是介系詞片語,說明 Yuasa 被指定為日本遺產地的原因。

此外:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 32 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In 2017, Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs designated Yuasa a Japan Heritage Site for being the birthplace of Japanese soy sauce, which is said to have been first made here in the late 13th century. The now-beloved condiment came about soon after a Japanese Buddhist monk named Shinchi Kakushin returned from a trip to China and became the abbot at Kokoku-ji Temple near Yuasa. He brought with him a recipe for making Kinzanji miso, a uniquely chunky type of miso made from whole soybeans, various other grains (such as barley and rice) and vegetables.

Yuasa’s townsfolk soon discovered that the small amount of liquid pooling in tubs of fermenting Kinzanji miso, as its ingredients were pressed down with heavy stones, was in itself delicious. This by-product, called tamari (a generic word that means “to accumulate”), became the basis for soy sauce as we know it today. Within years, Yuasa was transformed from being a ____ on the Kumano Kodo pilgrimage route that leads to the renowned temples and shrines on nearby Mt. Koya, into Japan’s most important soy sauce brewing center.

Today, the town’s historical district is protected by Japanese law. It is an extensive area encompassing 323 houses and other hongawara-buki (traditional buildings) recognized for their immense cultural value. Many of them still have their traditional lattice windows and curved tile roofs, architectural features that were symbols to passers-by of the owners’ prosperity. Visiting them tells the remarkable story of the intertwined fortunes of Kinzanji miso and soy sauce.

Which of the following people are most likely interested in the passage?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是閱讀理解中的主旨與讀者對象判斷,要根據文章內容判斷「哪些人最可能對這篇文章感興趣」。

文章重點包括:

  • Yuasa 是日本醬油的發源地。
  • 當地與日本佛教、Kinzanji 味噌及醬油製作歷史有關。
  • Yuasa 被指定為 Japan Heritage Site。
  • 當地保存傳統街區、古老建築與文化景觀。
  • 這些內容具有明顯的歷史觀光與文化旅遊價值。

因此,最可能對文章感興趣的對象,是負責安排旅遊行程、介紹旅遊景點的 travel agents(旅行社業者、旅行代理人)。

解題方法

判斷這類題目時,應先找出文章的「核心主題」,再對照各選項的職業是否與主題直接相關。

本篇並非主要介紹:

  • 麵包製作技術;
  • 花卉栽培或販售;
  • 零售業經營;
  • 新聞採訪方法。

文章介紹的是一個具有歷史、文化、建築與觀光價值的日本小鎮,適合被規劃為旅遊景點。因此選擇與觀光行程最直接相關的 travel agents。

定位答案的關鍵句為:

“In 2017, Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs designated Yuasa a Japan Heritage Site for being the birthplace of Japanese soy sauce...”

意為:

「2017 年,日本文化廳將湯淺指定為日本遺產地,因為它是日本醬油的發源地……」

另外,文章最後提到:

“Visiting them tells the remarkable story of the intertwined fortunes of Kinzanji miso and soy sauce.”

意為:

「參觀這些建築,可以了解金山寺味噌與醬油彼此交織、發展興盛的非凡歷史。」

“Visiting” 明確帶有參觀、旅遊的概念,顯示文章具有景點介紹與文化觀光功能。

文章重點與關鍵單字

  • designate A a B:指定 A 為 B
  • birthplace:發源地、誕生地
  • condiment:調味料
  • abbot:住持、方丈
  • recipe:食譜、製作方法
  • ferment:發酵
  • by-product:副產品
  • accumulate:累積
  • pilgrimage route:朝聖路線
  • renowned:著名的
  • transform A from B into C:將 A 從 B 轉變為 C
  • brewing center:釀造中心
  • historical district:歷史街區
  • be protected by law:受到法律保護
  • encompass:包含、涵蓋
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 33 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In 2017, Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs designated Yuasa a Japan Heritage Site for being the birthplace of Japanese soy sauce, which is said to have been first made here in the late 13th century. The now-beloved condiment came about soon after a Japanese Buddhist monk named Shinchi Kakushin returned from a trip to China and became the abbot at Kokoku-ji Temple near Yuasa. He brought with him a recipe for making Kinzanji miso, a uniquely chunky type of miso made from whole soybeans, various other grains (such as barley and rice) and vegetables.

Yuasa’s townsfolk soon discovered that the small amount of liquid pooling in tubs of fermenting Kinzanji miso, as its ingredients were pressed down with heavy stones, was in itself delicious. This by-product, called tamari (a generic word that means “to accumulate”), became the basis for soy sauce as we know it today. Within years, Yuasa was transformed from being a ____ on the Kumano Kodo pilgrimage route that leads to the renowned temples and shrines on nearby Mt. Koya, into Japan’s most important soy sauce brewing center.

Today, the town’s historical district is protected by Japanese law. It is an extensive area encompassing 323 houses and other hongawara-buki (traditional buildings) recognized for their immense cultural value. Many of them still have their traditional lattice windows and curved tile roofs, architectural features that were symbols to passers-by of the owners’ prosperity. Visiting them tells the remarkable story of the intertwined fortunes of Kinzanji miso and soy sauce.

Which of the following best completes the last sentence in Paragraph 2?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考克漏字中的「語意判斷」與「搭配關係」。解題重點是:

  1. 根據前後文判斷 Yuasa 原本在 Kumano Kodo 朝聖路線上的身分。
  2. 掌握片語 transform A from … into …,意為「使 A 從……轉變成……」。
  3. 分辨各選項所代表的場所是否符合「朝聖者途中停留地」的語境。

關鍵句定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句為:

Within years, Yuasa was transformed from being a ____ on the Kumano Kodo pilgrimage route that leads to the renowned temples and shrines on nearby Mt. Koya, into Japan’s most important soy sauce brewing center.

翻譯:

幾年之內,Yuasa 便從通往附近高野山著名寺廟與神社的 Kumano Kodo 朝聖路線上的一個____,轉變成日本最重要的醬油釀造中心。

句型 from A into B 表示「從 A 轉變為 B」。後半句的 Japan’s most important soy sauce brewing center 已明確說明 Yuasa 後來成為醬油釀造中心,因此空格應填入表示「朝聖途中停留地」的名詞。

解題方法

文章先介紹 Yuasa 因醬油發源地而聞名,接著說明 Kinzanji miso 的副產品 tamari 成為醬油的基礎。由於醬油產業發展,Yuasa 的城市功能產生重大轉變:

  • 原本:位於朝聖路線上的中途停留站。
  • 後來:日本最重要的醬油釀造中心。

因此,空格需符合「旅行者途中休息、住宿或補給的地點」之意。way station 正是「驛站、中途站」的意思,最符合文章脈絡。

選項分析

(A) center:中心、核心地區。
不適合。若填入後,句意變成「Yuasa 從朝聖路線上的一個中心,轉變成日本最重要的醬油釀造中心」,前後兩個 center 語意重複,也無法凸顯 Yuasa 由交通據點轉變為產業中心的對比。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 34 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In 2017, Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs designated Yuasa a Japan Heritage Site for being the birthplace of Japanese soy sauce, which is said to have been first made here in the late 13th century. The now-beloved condiment came about soon after a Japanese Buddhist monk named Shinchi Kakushin returned from a trip to China and became the abbot at Kokoku-ji Temple near Yuasa. He brought with him a recipe for making Kinzanji miso, a uniquely chunky type of miso made from whole soybeans, various other grains (such as barley and rice) and vegetables.

Yuasa’s townsfolk soon discovered that the small amount of liquid pooling in tubs of fermenting Kinzanji miso, as its ingredients were pressed down with heavy stones, was in itself delicious. This by-product, called tamari (a generic word that means “to accumulate”), became the basis for soy sauce as we know it today. Within years, Yuasa was transformed from being a ____ on the Kumano Kodo pilgrimage route that leads to the renowned temples and shrines on nearby Mt. Koya, into Japan’s most important soy sauce brewing center.

Today, the town’s historical district is protected by Japanese law. It is an extensive area encompassing 323 houses and other hongawara-buki (traditional buildings) recognized for their immense cultural value. Many of them still have their traditional lattice windows and curved tile roofs, architectural features that were symbols to passers-by of the owners’ prosperity. Visiting them tells the remarkable story of the intertwined fortunes of Kinzanji miso and soy sauce.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解,重點在於:

  1. 根據文章明示內容判斷正誤。
  2. 分辨「人物身分」、「事物來源」與「因果關係」。
  3. 注意關係子句、被動語態與否定/限定語氣,避免因選項偷換概念而誤判。

解題方法

先找出與各選項直接相關的句子,再逐一核對:

  • 關於 Kinzanji miso 的味道:文中說液體「本身很美味」。
  • 關於 Shinchi Kakushin 的身分:文中說他成為 Kokoku-ji Temple 的住持。
  • 關於他從中國帶回的東西:文中明確寫的是製作 Kinzanji miso 的食譜。
  • 關於 Kinzanji miso 的材料:除了黃豆,還包括大麥、米等穀物及蔬菜。

定位答案的關鍵原文是:

“The now-beloved condiment came about soon after a Japanese Buddhist monk named Shinchi Kakushin returned from a trip to China and became the abbot at Kokoku-ji Temple near Yuasa.”

翻譯:

「如今廣受喜愛的這種調味料,在一名叫作 Shinchi Kakushin 的日本佛教僧侶從中國旅行回來、並成為湯淺附近 Kokoku-ji Temple 的住持後不久,便產生了。」

其中 became the abbot at Kokoku-ji Temple 表示「成為 Kokoku-ji Temple 的住持」,因此可判定 Shinchi Kakushin 是該寺的僧侶/住持,符合選項 C。


文章中的關鍵單字與片語

  • designate A a B:指定 A 為 B
  • birthplace:發源地、誕生地
  • condiment:調味料
  • Buddhist monk:佛教僧侶
  • abbot:住持、修道院院長
  • recipe:食譜、製作方法
  • chunky:含有大塊固體的、粗厚的
  • whole soybeans:完整的黃豆
  • ferment:發酵
  • pooling:聚積、積存
  • by-product:副產品
  • basis for:……的基礎
  • brewing center:釀造中心
  • historical district:歷史街區
  • be protected by law:受法律保護
  • encompass:包含、涵蓋
  • prosperity:繁榮、富裕
  • intertwined fortunes:彼此交織的興衰/命運

文法上,which is said to have been first made here 是關係子句,修飾前面的 Japanese soy sauce,意為「據說最早在此地製成的日本醬油」。其中 is said to have been made 是「據說已被製成」的被動語態。


選項分析

(A) The taste of fermenting Kinzanji miso was unsavory.
「發酵中的 Kinzanji 味噌味道不好。」

錯誤。文章指出:

“the small amount of liquid pooling in tubs of fermenting Kinzanji miso ... was in itself delicious.”

意思是:「發酵中的 Kinzanji 味噌桶裡聚積的少量液體,本身就非常美味。」

delicious 是「美味的」,與 unsavory「不好吃的、令人不快的」意思相反。此外,文中描述的是從味噌中流出的液體很好喝,不是說味噌本身難吃。


🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 35 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In 2017, Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs designated Yuasa a Japan Heritage Site for being the birthplace of Japanese soy sauce, which is said to have been first made here in the late 13th century. The now-beloved condiment came about soon after a Japanese Buddhist monk named Shinchi Kakushin returned from a trip to China and became the abbot at Kokoku-ji Temple near Yuasa. He brought with him a recipe for making Kinzanji miso, a uniquely chunky type of miso made from whole soybeans, various other grains (such as barley and rice) and vegetables.

Yuasa’s townsfolk soon discovered that the small amount of liquid pooling in tubs of fermenting Kinzanji miso, as its ingredients were pressed down with heavy stones, was in itself delicious. This by-product, called tamari (a generic word that means “to accumulate”), became the basis for soy sauce as we know it today. Within years, Yuasa was transformed from being a ____ on the Kumano Kodo pilgrimage route that leads to the renowned temples and shrines on nearby Mt. Koya, into Japan’s most important soy sauce brewing center.

Today, the town’s historical district is protected by Japanese law. It is an extensive area encompassing 323 houses and other hongawara-buki (traditional buildings) recognized for their immense cultural value. Many of them still have their traditional lattice windows and curved tile roofs, architectural features that were symbols to passers-by of the owners’ prosperity. Visiting them tells the remarkable story of the intertwined fortunes of Kinzanji miso and soy sauce.

Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「閱讀測驗主旨判斷」與「文章標題選擇」。判斷標題時,應掌握:

  1. 文章反覆出現的核心人物、地點或主題。
  2. 各段之間的共同主軸。
  3. 選項是否能涵蓋全文,而非只對應其中一小段。

本文雖提到 Kinzanji miso、Shinchi Kakushin、Kokoku-ji Temple 與 Mt. Koya,但全文主軸是日本湯淺(Yuasa)的歷史、醬油發展與文化保存。


文章主旨與結構

全文可分為三個部分:

  • 第一段:介紹 Yuasa 是日本醬油的發源地,並說明 Shinchi Kakushin 將 Kinzanji miso 的製作方法帶回日本。
  • 第二段:說明 Kinzanji miso 發酵過程中的液體 tamari 如何成為醬油的基礎,並使 Yuasa 發展成重要的醬油釀造中心。
  • 第三段:介紹 Yuasa 的歷史街區受到法律保護,以及其傳統建築的文化價值。

因此,文章不是單獨介紹某種味噌、某位和尚或某座寺廟,而是以 Yuasa 為中心,串聯其醬油起源、歷史發展與文化保存。


定位答案的關鍵原文

“In 2017, Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs designated Yuasa a Japan Heritage Site for being the birthplace of Japanese soy sauce…”

翻譯:
「2017 年,日本文化廳將湯淺指定為日本遺產地,因為它是日本醬油的發源地。」

這一句直接點出文章的核心地點與主題:Yuasa 是日本醬油的發源地。

文章結尾又寫道:

“Today, the town’s historical district is protected by Japanese law.”

翻譯:
「如今,這座城鎮的歷史街區受到日本法律保護。」

此處的 “the town” 指的就是 Yuasa,表示文章最後仍回到 Yuasa 的歷史街區與文化保存,進一步證明 Yuasa 是全文主軸。


關鍵單字與片語

  • designate A a B:指定 A 為 B
  • Japan Heritage Site:日本遺產地
  • birthplace:發源地、誕生地
  • condiment:調味品
  • abbot:寺院住持、方丈
  • recipe:食譜、製作方法
  • chunky:含有大塊固體的、粗粒的
  • ferment:發酵
  • ingredient:食材、成分
  • by-product:副產品
  • accumulate:累積
  • transform A from B into C:將 A 從 B 轉變成 C
  • pilgrimage route:朝聖路線
  • renowned:著名的
  • brewing center:釀造中心
  • historical district:歷史街區
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 36 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

While death and taxes are the two facts of life, not all funerals are alike. During the same week, there were two news reports related to funerals that reflected glaring differences.

The first concerned the death of Joanna Nichols, the founder of the Children’s Hearing Foundation in Taipei. Nichols dedicated the last twenty-three years of her life to bringing speech, communication, and hope to children with hearing impairments. She died of cervical cancer at the age of forty-seven. In her obituary, her death was portrayed as a peaceful return to the eternal rest in the arms of a loving God, and her funeral ceremony was an invitation to celebrate her life.

The second article reported the involvement of gangsters in the funeral enterprise. In Taiwan, funerals are big business. To secure the well-being of the deceased and appease their spirits in the afterlife, relatives would burn paper money, houses, cars and whatever paper replicas of worldly comforts they could offer. Professional mourners are hired to wail to proclaim piety. Singers and even strip dancers have become common sights at funerals. In fact, the amount of money spent on a funeral becomes indicative of the wealth and status of the family in mourning. As such, funerals have become a lucrative endeavor for funeral homes, and the underworld has begun to stake out their claims.

Compare the two reports. Apart from the genuine sorrow of the grieving families, the first speaks of peace in the face of death and quiet confidence in life after death, while the second reflects fear and insecurity in the after world. Nichols’ funeral marked the celebration of her life lived, in contrast to the average funeral which marks the finality of death. Final respects to Nichols were paid with dignity by remembering and appreciating who she was rather than by paying big money for the funeral. Last of all, grief was expressed and comfort gained through the knowledge of a loving God rather than through the paid cries of professional mourners. Why would one funeral, the sacred rite of death, reflect serenity and triumph, while another, also a religious rite of death, hint at fear and empty materialism?

The main purpose of this article is to ____.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是英文閱讀測驗的「主旨判斷題」,考查:

  • 能否辨認文章的主要討論對象。
  • 能否區分「全文主旨」與「文章中的次要細節」。
  • 能否根據作者反覆強調的比較、對比關係選出最佳答案。

文章以兩則葬禮新聞為材料,對比:

  1. Joanna Nichols 的葬禮:莊嚴、平和、重視生命與人格。
  2. 一般台灣葬禮:花費高昂、形式繁複,甚至涉及幫派與物質主義。

因此,全文主軸是「比較兩種葬禮所呈現的不同面貌」。


解題方法

主旨題應先觀察文章的開頭、轉折語與結尾。

開頭明確指出:

“During the same week, there were two news reports related to funerals that reflected glaring differences.”

翻譯為:「同一週內,有兩則與葬禮相關的新聞報導,反映出極其明顯的差異。」

這句已經直接提示全文將圍繞「兩則葬禮報導的差異」展開。

文章接著分別介紹兩則報導,最後再次明確對比:

“Nichols’ funeral marked the celebration of her life lived, in contrast to the average funeral which marks the finality of death.”

翻譯為:「Nichols 的葬禮象徵對她一生的慶祝,與一般葬禮所象徵的死亡終結形成對比。」

結尾又提出:

“Why would one funeral, the sacred rite of death, reflect serenity and triumph, while another, also a religious rite of death, hint at fear and empty materialism?”

翻譯為:「為什麼一場同樣是神聖死亡儀式的葬禮,展現出平靜與勝利,另一場也同樣是宗教性的死亡儀式,卻暗示恐懼與空洞的物質主義?」

全文從頭到尾都在比較兩種葬禮的意義、氣氛與表現方式,因此答案為 (B)。


選項分析

(A) compare two religions

意為「比較兩種宗教」。

錯誤。文章並沒有介紹兩個宗教的教義、信仰內容或儀式差異。文中雖提到 “a loving God” 和 “religious rite of death”,但宗教只是說明葬禮精神的一部分,並非全文比較主體。

(B) describe differences between two funerals

意為「描述兩場葬禮之間的差異」。

正確。文章比較了兩場葬禮所代表的不同價值:

  • Nichols 的葬禮展現 peace、serenity、dignity 與對生命的慶祝。
  • 一般葬禮則呈現 fear、insecurity、high expenditure 與 empty materialism。

此選項完整涵蓋全文重點,且與開頭的 “two news reports related to funerals that reflected glaring differences” 完全吻合。

(C) argue that all funerals are similar in some ways

意為「主張所有葬禮在某些方面都很相似」。

錯誤。文章雖提到兩者都是死亡的宗教儀式,也都與家屬哀悼有關,但作者主要強調的是兩者的「明顯差異」,不是論證所有葬禮相似。選項中的 “all funerals” 過度擴大文章範圍。

(D) explain why funerals have become profitable in Taiwan

意為「解釋葬禮在台灣變得有利可圖的原因」。

錯誤。文章第二部分確實提到台灣葬禮花費龐大,並指出:

“As such, funerals have become a lucrative endeavor for funeral homes, and the underworld has begun to stake out their claims.”

翻譯為:「因此,葬禮已成為殯葬業者有利可圖的事業,黑社會也開始伺機分一杯羹。」

這是文章中的一項細節,主要用來描述第二類葬禮的商業化與物質主義,並非全文主旨。文章同時花費相當篇幅介紹 Nichols 的葬禮,因此不能只以第二段內容概括全文。

(E) introduce Joanna Nichols’ contribution to children with hearing impairments

意為「介紹 Joanna Nichols 對聽力障礙兒童的貢獻」。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 37 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

While death and taxes are the two facts of life, not all funerals are alike. During the same week, there were two news reports related to funerals that reflected glaring differences.

The first concerned the death of Joanna Nichols, the founder of the Children’s Hearing Foundation in Taipei. Nichols dedicated the last twenty-three years of her life to bringing speech, communication, and hope to children with hearing impairments. She died of cervical cancer at the age of forty-seven. In her obituary, her death was portrayed as a peaceful return to the eternal rest in the arms of a loving God, and her funeral ceremony was an invitation to celebrate her life.

The second article reported the involvement of gangsters in the funeral enterprise. In Taiwan, funerals are big business. To secure the well-being of the deceased and appease their spirits in the afterlife, relatives would burn paper money, houses, cars and whatever paper replicas of worldly comforts they could offer. Professional mourners are hired to wail to proclaim piety. Singers and even strip dancers have become common sights at funerals. In fact, the amount of money spent on a funeral becomes indicative of the wealth and status of the family in mourning. As such, funerals have become a lucrative endeavor for funeral homes, and the underworld has begun to stake out their claims.

Compare the two reports. Apart from the genuine sorrow of the grieving families, the first speaks of peace in the face of death and quiet confidence in life after death, while the second reflects fear and insecurity in the after world. Nichols’ funeral marked the celebration of her life lived, in contrast to the average funeral which marks the finality of death. Final respects to Nichols were paid with dignity by remembering and appreciating who she was rather than by paying big money for the funeral. Last of all, grief was expressed and comfort gained through the knowledge of a loving God rather than through the paid cries of professional mourners. Why would one funeral, the sacred rite of death, reflect serenity and triumph, while another, also a religious rite of death, hint at fear and empty materialism?

How did Nichols’ family respond to her death?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為閱讀理解題,考查:

  1. 根據文章細節定位答案。
  2. 判斷代名詞與事件的對應關係。
  3. 分辨文章明確陳述、合理推論與文章未提及的資訊。
  4. 理解宗教意涵與上下文語意。

文章將兩種葬禮作對比:

  • Joanna Nichols 的葬禮:強調平靜、尊嚴、對上帝的信仰,以及對其人生的慶祝。
  • 一般葬禮:可能涉及燒紙錢、雇用職業哭喪者、奢華花費與對死後世界的恐懼。

關鍵單字與片語

  • funeral:葬禮
  • obituary:訃聞、訃告
  • dedicate one’s life to:奉獻一生於……
  • hearing impairment:聽力障礙
  • portray:描繪、描述
  • eternal rest:永恆安息
  • in the arms of God:在上帝的懷抱中
  • celebrate her life:慶祝她的一生
  • grieving family:哀悼中的家人
  • afterlife:死後世界、來世
  • final respects:最後的敬意
  • dignity:尊嚴
  • professional mourner:職業哭喪者
  • sacred rite:神聖儀式
  • serenity:平靜、安詳
  • materialism:物質主義

解題方法

題目問:

How did Nichols’ family respond to her death?
Nichols 的家人如何面對她的死亡?

應先找文章中描述 Nichols 死亡及葬禮反應的句子,再判斷哪個選項與文章一致。

最關鍵的原文是:

In her obituary, her death was portrayed as a peaceful return to the eternal rest in the arms of a loving God, and her funeral ceremony was an invitation to celebrate her life.

翻譯:

在她的訃聞中,她的死亡被描述為平靜地回到慈愛上帝懷抱中的永恆安息,而她的葬禮則是對其一生的慶祝。

文章最後又指出:

Last of all, grief was expressed and comfort gained through the knowledge of a loving God rather than through the paid cries of professional mourners.

翻譯:

最後,哀傷是透過對慈愛上帝的信念來表達,並獲得安慰,而不是透過職業哭喪者收費的哭喊。

由此可知,Nichols 的死亡被家人及相關葬禮以宗教、平靜且尊嚴的方式理解;她被視為回到上帝的懷抱。因此選擇 (B)。

選項分析

(A) They burned a lot of products made of paper.
他們燒了許多紙製品。

錯誤。文章提到燒紙錢、紙房子、紙車等,是在介紹台灣一般葬禮的習俗:

Relatives would burn paper money, houses, cars and whatever paper replicas of worldly comforts they could offer.

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 38 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

While death and taxes are the two facts of life, not all funerals are alike. During the same week, there were two news reports related to funerals that reflected glaring differences.

The first concerned the death of Joanna Nichols, the founder of the Children’s Hearing Foundation in Taipei. Nichols dedicated the last twenty-three years of her life to bringing speech, communication, and hope to children with hearing impairments. She died of cervical cancer at the age of forty-seven. In her obituary, her death was portrayed as a peaceful return to the eternal rest in the arms of a loving God, and her funeral ceremony was an invitation to celebrate her life.

The second article reported the involvement of gangsters in the funeral enterprise. In Taiwan, funerals are big business. To secure the well-being of the deceased and appease their spirits in the afterlife, relatives would burn paper money, houses, cars and whatever paper replicas of worldly comforts they could offer. Professional mourners are hired to wail to proclaim piety. Singers and even strip dancers have become common sights at funerals. In fact, the amount of money spent on a funeral becomes indicative of the wealth and status of the family in mourning. As such, funerals have become a lucrative endeavor for funeral homes, and the underworld has begun to stake out their claims.

Compare the two reports. Apart from the genuine sorrow of the grieving families, the first speaks of peace in the face of death and quiet confidence in life after death, while the second reflects fear and insecurity in the after world. Nichols’ funeral marked the celebration of her life lived, in contrast to the average funeral which marks the finality of death. Final respects to Nichols were paid with dignity by remembering and appreciating who she was rather than by paying big money for the funeral. Last of all, grief was expressed and comfort gained through the knowledge of a loving God rather than through the paid cries of professional mourners. Why would one funeral, the sacred rite of death, reflect serenity and triumph, while another, also a religious rite of death, hint at fear and empty materialism?

In the second news article, funerals are considered big business because ____.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「因果關係與細節定位」。題目問第二篇新聞為何將葬禮視為 big business,應回到文章中尋找「葬禮涉及大量金錢」的直接證據。

關鍵句為:

In fact, the amount of money spent on a funeral becomes indicative of the wealth and status of the family in mourning. As such, funerals have become a lucrative endeavor for funeral homes, and the underworld has begun to stake out their claims.

翻譯:

事實上,葬禮所花費的金額,已成為顯示喪家財富與社會地位的指標。因此,葬禮對葬儀社而言已成為有利可圖的事業,黑社會也開始介入並分取利益。

其中:

  • amount of money spent:所花費的金額
  • indicative of:顯示……、代表……
  • family in mourning:正在服喪的家屬
  • as such:因此、基於這個原因
  • lucrative:有利可圖的、賺錢的
  • stake out one’s claims:劃地盤、主張分取利益

解題方法

先辨認題目問的是「原因」:

Funerals are considered big business because ____.

文章先說台灣葬禮花費龐大,接著列出燒紙錢、紙屋、紙車、雇用專業哭喪者、歌手及脫衣舞者等現象,最後明確指出葬禮是 lucrative endeavor。因此,葬禮之所以被視為大生意,是因為人們在葬禮上投入大量金錢,讓相關業者獲利。

選項分析

(A) death is inevitable

死亡是不可避免的。

文章開頭提到:

While death and taxes are the two facts of life

意思是「死亡與納稅是人生中的兩件必然之事」。這只是引出文章主題,沒有說死亡必然會使葬禮成為大生意。故錯誤。

(B) gangsters are often involved in funerals

黑幫經常涉入葬禮。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 39 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

While death and taxes are the two facts of life, not all funerals are alike. During the same week, there were two news reports related to funerals that reflected glaring differences.

The first concerned the death of Joanna Nichols, the founder of the Children’s Hearing Foundation in Taipei. Nichols dedicated the last twenty-three years of her life to bringing speech, communication, and hope to children with hearing impairments. She died of cervical cancer at the age of forty-seven. In her obituary, her death was portrayed as a peaceful return to the eternal rest in the arms of a loving God, and her funeral ceremony was an invitation to celebrate her life.

The second article reported the involvement of gangsters in the funeral enterprise. In Taiwan, funerals are big business. To secure the well-being of the deceased and appease their spirits in the afterlife, relatives would burn paper money, houses, cars and whatever paper replicas of worldly comforts they could offer. Professional mourners are hired to wail to proclaim piety. Singers and even strip dancers have become common sights at funerals. In fact, the amount of money spent on a funeral becomes indicative of the wealth and status of the family in mourning. As such, funerals have become a lucrative endeavor for funeral homes, and the underworld has begun to stake out their claims.

Compare the two reports. Apart from the genuine sorrow of the grieving families, the first speaks of peace in the face of death and quiet confidence in life after death, while the second reflects fear and insecurity in the after world. Nichols’ funeral marked the celebration of her life lived, in contrast to the average funeral which marks the finality of death. Final respects to Nichols were paid with dignity by remembering and appreciating who she was rather than by paying big money for the funeral. Last of all, grief was expressed and comfort gained through the knowledge of a loving God rather than through the paid cries of professional mourners. Why would one funeral, the sacred rite of death, reflect serenity and triumph, while another, also a religious rite of death, hint at fear and empty materialism?

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是閱讀理解中的「反向判斷題」:題目問 NOT TRUE,必須找出與文章內容不符的選項。

文章比較兩場葬禮,核心對比是:

  • Nichols 的葬禮:面對死亡時感到平靜,對死後生命抱持信心,並以尊嚴與感恩慶祝死者的一生。
  • 一般葬禮:反映對死後世界的恐懼與不安全感,並以大量金錢、奢華儀式及職業哭喪等方式尋求安慰。

解題方法

先找出文章明確的比較句,再逐一核對選項。定位答案的關鍵原文是:

“Apart from the genuine sorrow of the grieving families, the first speaks of peace in the face of death and quiet confidence in life after death, while the second reflects fear and insecurity in the after world.”

翻譯:

除了悲傷家屬真實的哀痛之外,第一場葬禮表現出面對死亡時的平靜,以及對死後生命安靜而堅定的信心;第二場葬禮則反映出對死後世界的恐懼與不安全感。

另一個關鍵句是:

“Nichols’ funeral marked the celebration of her life lived, in contrast to the average funeral which marks the finality of death.”

翻譯:

Nichols 的葬禮標誌著對她已度過的一生的慶祝,與一般葬禮所標誌的死亡終結形成對比。

因此,兩場葬禮雖然都涉及死亡、宗教與家屬哀痛,但對死後世界的態度並不相同,故選 E。

選項分析

(A) In both funerals, the families felt sad.
兩場葬禮中,家屬都感到悲傷。

正確。文章明確提到:

“the genuine sorrow of the grieving families”

其中:

  • genuine sorrow:真實的悲傷
  • grieving families:哀悼中的家屬

這表示兩場葬禮的家屬都承受真實的哀痛。

(B) Both funerals involved religious beliefs.
兩場葬禮都涉及宗教信仰。

正確。第一場葬禮提到死者:

“a peaceful return to the eternal rest in the arms of a loving God”

意為「在慈愛的上帝懷抱中,平靜地回到永恆安息」。

第二場葬禮則提到:

“appease their spirits in the afterlife”

意為「安撫死者在來世的靈魂」。

文章最後也直接將兩者都稱為:

“a religious rite of death”

意為「宗教性的死亡儀式」。

(C) In both funerals, the families tried to seek comfort.
兩場葬禮中,家屬都試圖尋求安慰。

正確。第一場葬禮中:

“grief was expressed and comfort gained through the knowledge of a loving God”

意為「透過對慈愛上帝的信念表達哀傷並獲得安慰」。

第二場葬禮則透過燒紙錢、紙屋、紙車、職業哭喪及各種儀式,試圖確保死者在死後世界的福祉,並安撫其靈魂。這些行為同樣具有尋求心理安慰的功能。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 40 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

While death and taxes are the two facts of life, not all funerals are alike. During the same week, there were two news reports related to funerals that reflected glaring differences.

The first concerned the death of Joanna Nichols, the founder of the Children’s Hearing Foundation in Taipei. Nichols dedicated the last twenty-three years of her life to bringing speech, communication, and hope to children with hearing impairments. She died of cervical cancer at the age of forty-seven. In her obituary, her death was portrayed as a peaceful return to the eternal rest in the arms of a loving God, and her funeral ceremony was an invitation to celebrate her life.

The second article reported the involvement of gangsters in the funeral enterprise. In Taiwan, funerals are big business. To secure the well-being of the deceased and appease their spirits in the afterlife, relatives would burn paper money, houses, cars and whatever paper replicas of worldly comforts they could offer. Professional mourners are hired to wail to proclaim piety. Singers and even strip dancers have become common sights at funerals. In fact, the amount of money spent on a funeral becomes indicative of the wealth and status of the family in mourning. As such, funerals have become a lucrative endeavor for funeral homes, and the underworld has begun to stake out their claims.

Compare the two reports. Apart from the genuine sorrow of the grieving families, the first speaks of peace in the face of death and quiet confidence in life after death, while the second reflects fear and insecurity in the after world. Nichols’ funeral marked the celebration of her life lived, in contrast to the average funeral which marks the finality of death. Final respects to Nichols were paid with dignity by remembering and appreciating who she was rather than by paying big money for the funeral. Last of all, grief was expressed and comfort gained through the knowledge of a loving God rather than through the paid cries of professional mourners. Why would one funeral, the sacred rite of death, reflect serenity and triumph, while another, also a religious rite of death, hint at fear and empty materialism?

What does the saying “death and taxes are the two facts of life” mean?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 英文諺語 “death and taxes are the two facts of life” 的語意。
  2. 關鍵片語 facts of life 的理解。
  3. 閱讀測驗中,依上下文判斷句子所表達的概念,而非逐字翻譯。

其中:

  • death:死亡
  • taxes:稅金、稅款
  • fact:事實
  • facts of life:人生中無法避免的事實
  • unavoidable:不可避免的
  • in everyone’s life:在每個人的一生中

句中 while 表示「雖然、儘管」,此處引出作者對死亡與葬禮的討論:

“While death and taxes are the two facts of life, not all funerals are alike.”

翻譯為:

「雖然死亡與納稅是人生中的兩項必然事實,但並非所有葬禮都一樣。」

解題方法

判斷諺語的重點在 facts of life。此處不是指「人生中會發生的普通事件」,而是指人無法逃避、必然要面對的事實。

死亡是所有人都必須面對的生命終點;納稅則代表人生中不可避免的社會與經濟責任。因此整句的核心意思是:

死亡與納稅,是每個人一生中都無法避免的兩件事。

故選擇最完整表達「兩者皆不可避免」的選項。

選項分析

(A) Death and taxes may happen to anyone in their lifetime.
死亡與納稅可能在任何人的一生中發生。

錯誤。may happen to anyone 只表示「可能發生在任何人身上」,語氣是或然、可能性,沒有表達死亡與納稅是人人都必須面對的不可避免事件。題幹的 facts of life 強調的是必然性,不是單純的「有機會發生」。

(B) People do not need to pay taxes anymore when they die.
人死後就不必再繳稅。

錯誤。此選項把 death and taxes 拆開解釋,加入題幹沒有表達的因果關係。諺語是在說「死亡」和「納稅」都是人生中的必然事實,並非表示死亡後是否還要繳稅。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 41 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Since the early days of the pandemic, as many people were forced to be stuck at home, TikTok has emerged as one of the most popular apps. These trending short videos of special effects, of entertainment, and of choreographed dances offer people an opportunity to reach out to people because of the lockdown. Multiple studies, however, have shown that too much of TikTok can also be damaging to the brain.

Like many social media apps, TikTok too uses algorithms to quickly figure out what a user likes. Before a user is even aware, the highly personalized TikTok algorithm fuels the “For You” feed and makes the app even more addictive to the users. TikTok allows users to create an unlimited stream of new content, watch trends come and go on a daily basis, and find something new with just a quick swipe. The “For You” page actually keeps users’ attention by creating a constant sense of curiosity and excitement about what may come up next. As these videos on TikTok are short, users can determine whether they want to stay watching or quickly move onto something else—something they might find more interesting or stimulating.

This is where the problems arise. As this constant need for faster information, new content and exciting daily trends is only continuing to grow, numerous studies have indicated a dramatic decrease in the attention span of people over time. Apart from that, emerging research suggests that watching short, fast-paced videos on TikTok makes it even more challenging for young children or adolescents to sustain activities that do not guarantee instant—and constant—gratification. While these highly personalized videos the app’s recommendation engine shows users activate the reward centers of the brain, as compared with the general-interest videos shown to new users, dopamine, as a neurotransmitter, gets released in the brain when it is expecting a reward. When a user watches many videos that he or she enjoys, a sudden rush of dopamine will be released into the user’s brain, and this will reinforce craving for something stimulating, such as another funny TikTok video. The dopamine rush of endless short videos makes it even more difficult for young viewers to switch their focus to slower-moving activities that require more sustained, undivided attention.

Researchers are just beginning to conduct long-term studies on digital media’s effects on young children’s brains. The focus is now on the impact that TikTok might have on children’s brain development, particularly their cognitive development. Although the results are not in yet, many scholars and parents are already predicting that for the children of the future generation, their ability to process less-rapid, less-rewarding things may change or be harmed. But the trend might be irreversible. Parents are thus advised to schedule with children regular times each day when the app cannot be used, or even set time limits for younger kids directly with the help from technology.

Which of the following titles is the best for this passage?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念:閱讀測驗的主旨與標題判斷

本題考查「文章主旨」與「最佳標題」的判斷。最佳標題必須:

  1. 能涵蓋全文主要內容。
  2. 能反映作者的寫作目的與語氣。
  3. 不可只擷取某一段的細節。
  4. 不可加入文章未提及的資訊或過度延伸的結論。

本文先說明 TikTok 的流行與使用機制,再集中討論其對注意力、獎賞系統及兒童認知發展的影響,因此核心主題是「TikTok 如何影響人腦,以及可能造成的問題」。


文章重點與語意機轉

文章的論述脈絡如下:

  • TikTok 透過演算法分析使用者喜好,建立高度個人化的 “For You” feed。
  • 短影音、快速滑動與持續更新的內容,使使用者不斷產生好奇與期待。
  • 觀看令人愉快的影片時,大腦會釋放 dopamine(多巴胺)。
  • 多巴胺帶來的獎賞感會強化使用者繼續尋找刺激內容的欲望。
  • 長期接觸快速、短暫且立即獲得回饋的影片,可能使人較難專注於需要長時間投入的活動。
  • 研究目前仍在進行,但文章已指出 TikTok 對兒童注意力與認知發展可能造成不利影響。

其中重要的因果鏈為:

短影音刺激→獎賞期待→多巴胺釋放→持續尋找刺激→注意力維持能力下降短影音刺激 \rightarrow 獎賞期待 \rightarrow 多巴胺釋放 \rightarrow 持續尋找刺激 \rightarrow 注意力維持能力下降

定位答案的關鍵原文

文章明確指出:

“Multiple studies, however, have shown that too much of TikTok can also be damaging to the brain.”

意思是:「然而,多項研究已顯示,過度使用 TikTok 也可能對大腦造成傷害。」

後文又補充:

“The focus is now on the impact that TikTok might have on children’s brain development, particularly their cognitive development.”

意思是:「目前研究焦點在於 TikTok 可能對兒童大腦發展,尤其是認知發展,所造成的影響。」

這兩句直接點出全文中心:TikTok 對大腦及認知能力的影響。故選項 A 最能概括全文。


關鍵單字與片語

  • pandemic:疫情、大流行病
  • be stuck at home:受困在家
  • emerge as:成為、嶄露頭角
  • choreographed dance:編排好的舞蹈
  • reach out to:接觸、聯繫
  • algorithm:演算法
  • personalized:個人化的
  • addictive:令人上癮的
  • constant sense of curiosity:持續的好奇感
  • attention span:注意力持續時間
  • sustain:維持
  • instant gratification:立即滿足
  • neurotransmitter:神經傳導物質
  • release:釋放
  • reinforce:強化
  • craving:渴望、渴求
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 42 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Since the early days of the pandemic, as many people were forced to be stuck at home, TikTok has emerged as one of the most popular apps. These trending short videos of special effects, of entertainment, and of choreographed dances offer people an opportunity to reach out to people because of the lockdown. Multiple studies, however, have shown that too much of TikTok can also be damaging to the brain.

Like many social media apps, TikTok too uses algorithms to quickly figure out what a user likes. Before a user is even aware, the highly personalized TikTok algorithm fuels the “For You” feed and makes the app even more addictive to the users. TikTok allows users to create an unlimited stream of new content, watch trends come and go on a daily basis, and find something new with just a quick swipe. The “For You” page actually keeps users’ attention by creating a constant sense of curiosity and excitement about what may come up next. As these videos on TikTok are short, users can determine whether they want to stay watching or quickly move onto something else—something they might find more interesting or stimulating.

This is where the problems arise. As this constant need for faster information, new content and exciting daily trends is only continuing to grow, numerous studies have indicated a dramatic decrease in the attention span of people over time. Apart from that, emerging research suggests that watching short, fast-paced videos on TikTok makes it even more challenging for young children or adolescents to sustain activities that do not guarantee instant—and constant—gratification. While these highly personalized videos the app’s recommendation engine shows users activate the reward centers of the brain, as compared with the general-interest videos shown to new users, dopamine, as a neurotransmitter, gets released in the brain when it is expecting a reward. When a user watches many videos that he or she enjoys, a sudden rush of dopamine will be released into the user’s brain, and this will reinforce craving for something stimulating, such as another funny TikTok video. The dopamine rush of endless short videos makes it even more difficult for young viewers to switch their focus to slower-moving activities that require more sustained, undivided attention.

Researchers are just beginning to conduct long-term studies on digital media’s effects on young children’s brains. The focus is now on the impact that TikTok might have on children’s brain development, particularly their cognitive development. Although the results are not in yet, many scholars and parents are already predicting that for the children of the future generation, their ability to process less-rapid, less-rewarding things may change or be harmed. But the trend might be irreversible. Parents are thus advised to schedule with children regular times each day when the app cannot be used, or even set time limits for younger kids directly with the help from technology.

Which of the following words is closest in meaning with “gratification” in the third paragraph?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字義判讀,須依據上下文判斷 gratification 的意思。第三段描述 TikTok 短影音帶來快速、持續的心理回饋,使使用者不斷追求刺激,因此片語 instant gratification 指「立即滿足、即時滿足」。

gratification 作名詞,意思是「滿足、滿意、愉悅」,特別指願望獲得滿足時的心理感受。

定位關鍵句

watching short, fast-paced videos on TikTok makes it even more challenging for young children or adolescents to sustain activities that do not guarantee instant—and constant—gratification.

翻譯:在 TikTok 上觀看短而快速的影片,使幼兒或青少年更難以持續從事那些無法保證立即且持續帶來滿足感的活動。

句中將 instant gratification 與 TikTok 短影音帶來的快速刺激相連,意指「立即獲得的滿足感」。因此最接近的字是 satisfaction。

解題方法

  1. 先掌握上下文:文章指出短影音不斷提供新鮮、刺激的內容,讓使用者期待下一個獎賞。
  2. 觀察搭配詞:instant gratification 是常見片語,意思是「即時滿足」。
  3. 將各選項代回句中判斷。能與 instant 搭配,且符合「活動是否能立即帶來心理滿足」語意的選項,只有 satisfaction。

選項分析

(A) hostility:敵意、 hostile 的名詞。
instant hostility 意為「立即產生敵意」,與文章討論短影音帶來的愉悅、獎賞及滿足感不符。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 43 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Since the early days of the pandemic, as many people were forced to be stuck at home, TikTok has emerged as one of the most popular apps. These trending short videos of special effects, of entertainment, and of choreographed dances offer people an opportunity to reach out to people because of the lockdown. Multiple studies, however, have shown that too much of TikTok can also be damaging to the brain.

Like many social media apps, TikTok too uses algorithms to quickly figure out what a user likes. Before a user is even aware, the highly personalized TikTok algorithm fuels the “For You” feed and makes the app even more addictive to the users. TikTok allows users to create an unlimited stream of new content, watch trends come and go on a daily basis, and find something new with just a quick swipe. The “For You” page actually keeps users’ attention by creating a constant sense of curiosity and excitement about what may come up next. As these videos on TikTok are short, users can determine whether they want to stay watching or quickly move onto something else—something they might find more interesting or stimulating.

This is where the problems arise. As this constant need for faster information, new content and exciting daily trends is only continuing to grow, numerous studies have indicated a dramatic decrease in the attention span of people over time. Apart from that, emerging research suggests that watching short, fast-paced videos on TikTok makes it even more challenging for young children or adolescents to sustain activities that do not guarantee instant—and constant—gratification. While these highly personalized videos the app’s recommendation engine shows users activate the reward centers of the brain, as compared with the general-interest videos shown to new users, dopamine, as a neurotransmitter, gets released in the brain when it is expecting a reward. When a user watches many videos that he or she enjoys, a sudden rush of dopamine will be released into the user’s brain, and this will reinforce craving for something stimulating, such as another funny TikTok video. The dopamine rush of endless short videos makes it even more difficult for young viewers to switch their focus to slower-moving activities that require more sustained, undivided attention.

Researchers are just beginning to conduct long-term studies on digital media’s effects on young children’s brains. The focus is now on the impact that TikTok might have on children’s brain development, particularly their cognitive development. Although the results are not in yet, many scholars and parents are already predicting that for the children of the future generation, their ability to process less-rapid, less-rewarding things may change or be harmed. But the trend might be irreversible. Parents are thus advised to schedule with children regular times each day when the app cannot be used, or even set time limits for younger kids directly with the help from technology.

According to this passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解,重點包括:

  • 根據文章明示資訊判斷正誤。
  • 辨識因果關係與文章主旨。
  • 理解關鍵字彙及片語。
  • 分辨選項是否偷換概念、誇大原文,或與文章意思相反。

文章主要說明:TikTok 透過演算法分析使用者喜好,提供高度個人化的影片內容,使使用者持續觀看;短影音帶來快速刺激與獎賞感,長期可能影響注意力及年幼使用者的認知發展。

解題方法

本題應先尋找各選項涉及的關鍵概念,再回到文章定位:

  • dopamine:文章第三段。
  • interaction、peer pressure:文章第一段及全文。
  • attention span:文章第三段。
  • algorithms、users’ interests:文章第二段。

其中,正確選項通常能直接由原文找到對應句,錯誤選項則常見以下陷阱:

  1. 把文章沒有提到的原因自行加入。
  2. 將文章的負面影響改寫成正面效果。
  3. 把部分事實誇大成全面性結論。
  4. 混淆「獎賞」與「挑戰」等不同概念。

答案定位

原文第二段指出:

“Like many social media apps, TikTok too uses algorithms to quickly figure out what a user likes.”

翻譯:
「和許多社群媒體應用程式一樣,TikTok 也使用演算法迅速判斷使用者喜歡什麼。」

接著原文說:

“Before a user is even aware, the highly personalized TikTok algorithm fuels the ‘For You’ feed and makes the app even more addictive to the users.”

翻譯:
「在使用者甚至尚未察覺之前,高度個人化的 TikTok 演算法便推動『For You』推薦頁面的內容,使這個應用程式對使用者更具成癮性。」

因此,TikTok 能利用演算法提供符合使用者興趣的內容,正是選項 (E) 的意思。

選項分析

(A) Dopamine will be released when we are facing challenges.
「當我們面對挑戰時,多巴胺會被釋放。」

錯誤。文章明確指出:

“Dopamine, as a neurotransmitter, gets released in the brain when it is expecting a reward.”

意思是:多巴胺是一種神經傳導物質,當大腦期待獎賞時會被釋放。

文章強調的是「期待獎賞」以及觀看喜愛影片後產生的刺激感,並未說面對挑戰時會釋放多巴胺。此選項將 reward「獎賞」偷換成 challenges「挑戰」,與原文不符。

(B) TikTok has revolutionized how people interact with each other.
「TikTok 徹底改變了人們彼此互動的方式。」

錯誤。第一段只提到短影音讓人們在封城期間有機會接觸他人:

“These trending short videos ... offer people an opportunity to reach out to people because of the lockdown.”

意思是:這些流行的短影音,因為封城而提供人們接觸他人的機會。

文章重點在 TikTok 的演算法、成癮性、注意力及兒童腦部發展,並未主張 TikTok 已「徹底改變」人際互動方式。revolutionized 語氣過度強烈,屬於以偏概全。

(C) TikTok is favorable among youngsters because of peer pressure.
「TikTok 在年輕人間受到歡迎是因為同儕壓力。」

錯誤。文章提到 TikTok 受歡迎,是因為短影音具有娛樂性、快速更新、個人化推薦,以及能帶來好奇心與獎賞感。文章沒有提到 peer pressure「同儕壓力」是主要原因。

文中真正的因果關係是:

  • 演算法判斷使用者喜好。
  • 推薦符合個人興趣的影片。
  • 短影音帶來快速且持續的刺激。
  • 使用者因此更容易持續觀看。

因此,選項加入了原文未提供的原因。

(D) Attention span might be lengthened because of social media apps.
「注意力持續時間可能因社群媒體應用程式而延長。」

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 44 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Since the early days of the pandemic, as many people were forced to be stuck at home, TikTok has emerged as one of the most popular apps. These trending short videos of special effects, of entertainment, and of choreographed dances offer people an opportunity to reach out to people because of the lockdown. Multiple studies, however, have shown that too much of TikTok can also be damaging to the brain.

Like many social media apps, TikTok too uses algorithms to quickly figure out what a user likes. Before a user is even aware, the highly personalized TikTok algorithm fuels the “For You” feed and makes the app even more addictive to the users. TikTok allows users to create an unlimited stream of new content, watch trends come and go on a daily basis, and find something new with just a quick swipe. The “For You” page actually keeps users’ attention by creating a constant sense of curiosity and excitement about what may come up next. As these videos on TikTok are short, users can determine whether they want to stay watching or quickly move onto something else—something they might find more interesting or stimulating.

This is where the problems arise. As this constant need for faster information, new content and exciting daily trends is only continuing to grow, numerous studies have indicated a dramatic decrease in the attention span of people over time. Apart from that, emerging research suggests that watching short, fast-paced videos on TikTok makes it even more challenging for young children or adolescents to sustain activities that do not guarantee instant—and constant—gratification. While these highly personalized videos the app’s recommendation engine shows users activate the reward centers of the brain, as compared with the general-interest videos shown to new users, dopamine, as a neurotransmitter, gets released in the brain when it is expecting a reward. When a user watches many videos that he or she enjoys, a sudden rush of dopamine will be released into the user’s brain, and this will reinforce craving for something stimulating, such as another funny TikTok video. The dopamine rush of endless short videos makes it even more difficult for young viewers to switch their focus to slower-moving activities that require more sustained, undivided attention.

Researchers are just beginning to conduct long-term studies on digital media’s effects on young children’s brains. The focus is now on the impact that TikTok might have on children’s brain development, particularly their cognitive development. Although the results are not in yet, many scholars and parents are already predicting that for the children of the future generation, their ability to process less-rapid, less-rewarding things may change or be harmed. But the trend might be irreversible. Parents are thus advised to schedule with children regular times each day when the app cannot be used, or even set time limits for younger kids directly with the help from technology.

Among the following adjectives, which can best describe the author’s general attitudes toward the overuse of TikTok?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「閱讀理解中的作者態度(author’s attitude)」與形容詞語意辨識。判斷作者態度時,須觀察:

  1. 文章對主題採正面、負面或保留態度。
  2. 作者使用的警示性字詞。
  3. 結論是否主張採取預防或限制措施。
  4. 作者是否避免過度武斷,保留研究尚未完成的空間。

本文主題是「過度使用 TikTok 對注意力與兒童腦部發展的影響」,作者雖未宣稱所有影響已被完全證實,卻多次提醒其潛在危害,並建議家長限制使用時間。因此,作者的整體態度是「審慎的、謹慎的」,即 cautious。

解題方法

先找文章中最能表現作者立場的語句:

“This is where the problems arise.”
「問題便由此產生。」

“numerous studies have indicated a dramatic decrease in the attention span of people over time.”
「許多研究指出,人的注意力持續時間隨時間推移而大幅下降。」

“watching short, fast-paced videos on TikTok makes it even more challenging for young children or adolescents to sustain activities that do not guarantee instant—and constant—gratification.”
「觀看 TikTok 上短而快速的影片,會使幼童或青少年更難以持續進行無法保證立即且持續獲得滿足的活動。」

“Although the results are not in yet, many scholars and parents are already predicting that ... their ability to process less-rapid, less-rewarding things may change or be harmed.”
「雖然研究結果尚未出爐,許多學者與家長已預測,未來世代兒童處理速度較慢、回饋較少事物的能力,可能會改變或受損。」

“Parents are thus advised to schedule with children regular times each day when the app cannot be used...”
「因此,建議家長每天安排固定時段,禁止孩子使用這個應用程式。」

上述內容呈現兩層態度:

  • 對 TikTok 過度使用的效果抱持擔憂與警戒。
  • 因長期研究尚未完成,沒有做出絕對斷言。

這正是 cautious 的語意:在面對風險或證據尚未完全確立的議題時,採取謹慎、審慎的態度。

關鍵單字與片語

  • overuse:過度使用
  • attitude:態度、看法
  • cautious:謹慎的、審慎的
  • damaging to the brain:對腦部有害
  • attention span:注意力持續時間
  • fast-paced videos:節奏快速的影片
🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 45 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Since the early days of the pandemic, as many people were forced to be stuck at home, TikTok has emerged as one of the most popular apps. These trending short videos of special effects, of entertainment, and of choreographed dances offer people an opportunity to reach out to people because of the lockdown. Multiple studies, however, have shown that too much of TikTok can also be damaging to the brain.

Like many social media apps, TikTok too uses algorithms to quickly figure out what a user likes. Before a user is even aware, the highly personalized TikTok algorithm fuels the “For You” feed and makes the app even more addictive to the users. TikTok allows users to create an unlimited stream of new content, watch trends come and go on a daily basis, and find something new with just a quick swipe. The “For You” page actually keeps users’ attention by creating a constant sense of curiosity and excitement about what may come up next. As these videos on TikTok are short, users can determine whether they want to stay watching or quickly move onto something else—something they might find more interesting or stimulating.

This is where the problems arise. As this constant need for faster information, new content and exciting daily trends is only continuing to grow, numerous studies have indicated a dramatic decrease in the attention span of people over time. Apart from that, emerging research suggests that watching short, fast-paced videos on TikTok makes it even more challenging for young children or adolescents to sustain activities that do not guarantee instant—and constant—gratification. While these highly personalized videos the app’s recommendation engine shows users activate the reward centers of the brain, as compared with the general-interest videos shown to new users, dopamine, as a neurotransmitter, gets released in the brain when it is expecting a reward. When a user watches many videos that he or she enjoys, a sudden rush of dopamine will be released into the user’s brain, and this will reinforce craving for something stimulating, such as another funny TikTok video. The dopamine rush of endless short videos makes it even more difficult for young viewers to switch their focus to slower-moving activities that require more sustained, undivided attention.

Researchers are just beginning to conduct long-term studies on digital media’s effects on young children’s brains. The focus is now on the impact that TikTok might have on children’s brain development, particularly their cognitive development. Although the results are not in yet, many scholars and parents are already predicting that for the children of the future generation, their ability to process less-rapid, less-rewarding things may change or be harmed. But the trend might be irreversible. Parents are thus advised to schedule with children regular times each day when the app cannot be used, or even set time limits for younger kids directly with the help from technology.

What can be inferred from the passage?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是閱讀測驗中的「主旨推論題」,重點在於根據文章整體態度,判斷作者對家長應如何因應兒童使用 TikTok 的建議。

文章主要說明:

  1. TikTok 的短影音、個人化推薦與即時獎賞,容易使使用者持續觀看。
  2. 過度使用可能降低注意力持續時間,並使兒童較難專注於需要長時間投入的活動。
  3. 目前對兒童腦部發展的長期研究尚未完成,因此文章沒有主張全面禁止,也沒有斷言結果必然如何。
  4. 家長應協助兒童管理使用時間與使用方式。

因此,正確選項必須符合文章的「適度管理」立場。

解題方法

先找文章最後提出的具體建議:

“Parents are thus advised to schedule with children regular times each day when the app cannot be used, or even set time limits for younger kids directly with the help from technology.”

翻譯為:

因此,建議家長每天與孩子安排固定的時間,在這段時間內不得使用該應用程式;對年紀較小的孩子,甚至可以直接利用科技設定使用時間限制。

這句話顯示,家長的做法是與孩子協調使用時段,並建立時間限制,也就是協助孩子更妥善地管理 TikTok 的使用。選項 D 的「discuss with children how to better manage the use」雖然不是原文逐字重現,但符合文章最後所提出的親子共同管理方向,故依官方答案選 D。

文章定位與語意重點

文章中有幾個重要訊息:

  • “too much of TikTok can also be damaging to the brain”
    過度使用 TikTok 可能對腦部造成傷害。
    關鍵在於 too much,指的是「過度使用」,不是所有使用行為都必然有害。

  • “numerous studies have indicated a dramatic decrease in the attention span of people over time”
    許多研究指出,人們的注意力持續時間隨時間大幅下降。

  • “watching short, fast-paced videos on TikTok makes it even more challenging for young children or adolescents to sustain activities that do not guarantee instant—and constant—gratification”
    觀看 TikTok 上短而快速的影片,使兒童或青少年更難持續進行無法保證立即且持續獲得滿足的活動。

  • “the trend might be irreversible”
    這種趨勢可能無法逆轉。
    might be 表示可能性,不能解讀為「一定可以逆轉」。

  • “Parents are thus advised to schedule with children regular times each day when the app cannot be used”
    家長被建議與孩子安排每日的禁用時段。
    schedule with children 表示與孩子共同安排;time limits 表示時間限制。

選項分析

(A) Scholars believe the current trend can be reversible.

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 46 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Klara and the Sun, published in 2021, was the eighth novel by the Nobel Prize-winning British novelist Kazuo Ishiguro. Highly anticipated, the dystopian science fiction sets in the U.S. in an uncomfortably near yet unspecified future: technology has rendered many people “postemployed” and created a blunt caste system where the so-called “lifted” are on top. With this wide-focus social backdrop of this novel, most of the time the story is told from a very limited point-of-view of Klara, a solar-powered AF—Artificial Friend. As a companion robot, Klara is highly different from her own kind: she has an appetite for observing and learning, and has the most sophisticated understanding amongst all the AFs sold in the store. She is chosen by a very sickly fourteen-year-old Josie to be her companion. Klara is loyal and tactful, and she is able to absorb difficulty and return care. Her role, as she describes it, is to prevent loneliness and to serve. As a companion robot, Klara has a deep reverence for the sun, which she regards as a deity. Solar-powered herself, Klara comes to believe that attention to sun should be a matter of survival for humans. Throughout the novel, Klara is on a mission to help Josie restore her health from a mysterious, seemingly terminally-ill disease, and she believes the sun possesses the power to cure Josie.

Ishiguro’s readers are no strangers to the recurring theme from his previous works—loss, regret, sacrifice, longing, and a sense of reality afloat. And this novel is no exception. In Klara and the Sun, however, technology takes a more central role, and Ishiguro uses artificial intelligence, both biological and mechanized, to reflect on what it means to be human. Ishiguro uses the novel to contest the idea: “Can AI actually get to that empathy by understanding human emotions?” The current society seems to embrace artificial intelligence wholeheartedly, and allows AI to creep into every aspect of society, from job applications, to data mining with algorithms, or even to medicine in clinical setting. As the nature of this generation of machine learning, known as “reinforcement learning”, is vastly different from that of the old forms of AI, human beings may lose control of what AI does thereafter. With this novel, Ishiguro intends to manifest a dark allegory that speaks about the danger of unchecked technological advances, the loss of innocence, and the dignity of simple lives. Although the novel concludes with a positive note in believing how AFs like Klara would be able to provide unfailingly considerate and loyal companionship, the hauntingly beautiful story subtly addresses various looming challenges and controversies regarding AI ethics such as the limitations of machine learning and unsupervised deep learning. Many questions remain unanswered in the novel. But what is beyond doubt here is that Ishiguro has produced another masterpiece, a work that depicts the tenderness, beauty and fragility of humanity through the eyes of an AI.

Which of the following titles suits this article best?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是「主旨判斷題」,重點在辨認文章整體討論的核心,而非只根據其中一個細節選標題。

文章介紹《Klara and the Sun》的故事背景、人工智慧角色 Klara,以及小說對「人工智慧能否理解人類情感」與 AI 倫理的反思。全文核心可整理為:

  • 人工智慧在小說中的功能與角色
  • AI 是否能理解、展現同理心
  • 科技發展與人性、情感、尊嚴之間的關係
  • AI 對人類社會可能帶來的影響與倫理問題

因此,最適合的標題必須同時涵蓋「人工智慧」與「人類情感/人性」兩大主軸。

解題方法

主旨題應採取「首尾呼應、抓重複概念」的方法:

  1. 觀察文章前段:介紹 Klara 是一個具有觀察力、學習力與照顧能力的人工朋友。
  2. 觀察文章後段:明確提到 Ishiguro 透過 AI 反思「成為人類的意義」,並探討 AI 是否能理解人類情緒。
  3. 檢查結尾:文章以「透過 AI 的眼睛描寫人類的溫柔、美麗與脆弱」作結。

定位答案的關鍵句是:

“Ishiguro uses artificial intelligence, both biological and mechanized, to reflect on what it means to be human.”

意思是:「石黑一雄運用生物性與機械性的人工智慧,反思成為人類究竟意味著什麼。」

另一句更直接指出文章主旨:

“Ishiguro uses the novel to contest the idea: ‘Can AI actually get to that empathy by understanding human emotions?’”

意思是:「石黑一雄藉由這部小說質疑一個觀念:人工智慧是否真的能透過理解人類情感而達到同理心?」

結尾則說:

“Ishiguro has produced another masterpiece, a work that depicts the tenderness, beauty and fragility of humanity through the eyes of an AI.”

意思是:「石黑一雄再度創作出一部傑作,透過人工智慧的眼睛描繪人性的溫柔、美麗與脆弱。」

這些句子共同指向:小說探討人工智慧與人類情感、人性之間的關係,故選 (C)。

選項分析

(A) Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun imagines a world full of human clones

意思是:「石黑一雄的《克拉拉與太陽》想像了一個充滿人類複製人的世界。」

錯誤。文章雖然提到 “biological and mechanized” 的人工智慧,也提到 “lifted” 等未來社會設定,但全文重點不是人類複製人。文章主要討論 AI、同理心、人性與科技倫理;“human clones” 並非本文主旨。

(B) Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun presents a future without human beings

意思是:「石黑一雄的《克拉拉與太陽》呈現一個沒有任何人類的未來。」

錯誤。小說中的主要人物包括 Josie、她的母親以及其他人類角色,文章也反覆討論 “what it means to be human” 和 “humanity”。故事不是人類消失後的世界,而是 AI 與人類共同存在的未來社會。

(C) Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun explores artificial intelligence and human hearts

意思是:「石黑一雄的《克拉拉與太陽》探討人工智慧與人類心靈。」

正確。文章一方面描寫 Klara 作為 AI 夥伴的觀察、學習、忠誠與照顧能力,另一方面探討 AI 是否能理解人類情感、產生同理心,以及科技如何影響人性與尊嚴。

其中 “human hearts” 是具象徵性的說法,不只是指生理上的心臟,而是指人類的情感、內心世界與人性。此選項能涵蓋全文內容,並且比其他選項更準確、適度。

(D) Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun exemplifies the grave dangers of artificial intelligence

意思是:「石黑一雄的《克拉拉與太陽》具體展現人工智慧的嚴重危險。」

錯誤。文章確實提到:

“the danger of unchecked technological advances”

意思是:「科技不受控制發展的危險。」

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 47 題2 分

Klara and the Sun, published in 2021, was the eighth novel by the Nobel Prize-winning British novelist Kazuo Ishiguro. Highly anticipated, the dystopian science fiction sets in the U.S. in an uncomfortably near yet unspecified future: technology has rendered many people “postemployed” and created a blunt caste system where the so-called “lifted” are on top. With this wide-focus social backdrop of this novel, most of the time the story is told from a very limited point-of-view of Klara, a solar-powered AF—Artificial Friend. As a companion robot, Klara is highly different from her own kind: she has an appetite for observing and learning, and has the most sophisticated understanding amongst all the AFs sold in the store. She is chosen by a very sickly fourteen-year-old Josie to be her companion. Klara is loyal and tactful, and she is able to absorb difficulty and return care. Her role, as she describes it, is to prevent loneliness and to serve. As a companion robot, Klara has a deep reverence for the sun, which she regards as a deity. Solar-powered herself, Klara comes to believe that attention to sun should be a matter of survival for humans. Throughout the novel, Klara is on a mission to help Josie restore her health from a mysterious, seemingly terminally-ill disease, and she believes the sun possesses the power to cure Josie.

Ishiguro’s readers are no strangers to the recurring theme from his previous works—loss, regret, sacrifice, longing, and a sense of reality afloat. And this novel is no exception. In Klara and the Sun, however, technology takes a more central role, and Ishiguro uses artificial intelligence, both biological and mechanized, to reflect on what it means to be human. Ishiguro uses the novel to contest the idea: “Can AI actually get to that empathy by understanding human emotions?” The current society seems to embrace artificial intelligence wholeheartedly, and allows AI to creep into every aspect of society, from job applications, to data mining with algorithms, or even to medicine in clinical setting. As the nature of this generation of machine learning, known as “reinforcement learning”, is vastly different from that of the old forms of AI, human beings may lose control of what AI does thereafter. With this novel, Ishiguro intends to manifest a dark allegory that speaks about the danger of unchecked technological advances, the loss of innocence, and the dignity of simple lives. Although the novel concludes with a positive note in believing how AFs like Klara would be able to provide unfailingly considerate and loyal companionship, the hauntingly beautiful story subtly addresses various looming challenges and controversies regarding AI ethics such as the limitations of machine learning and unsupervised deep learning. Many questions remain unanswered in the novel. But what is beyond doubt here is that Ishiguro has produced another masterpiece, a work that depicts the tenderness, beauty and fragility of humanity through the eyes of an AI.

What does the word “deity” mean in the first paragraph?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字義判讀,重點是利用上下文判斷單字 deity 的意思。

  • deity:神、神祇;可指男神或女神
  • regard A as B:把 A 視為 B
  • a matter of survival:攸關生存的事情
  • possess the power to V:擁有做某事的力量

解題方法

定位第一段中的關鍵句:

“Klara has a deep reverence for the sun, which she regards as a deity.”

翻譯為:

「Klara 深深敬畏太陽,並把太陽視為神祇。」

句中的 reverence 表示「敬畏、崇敬」,而 regard the sun as a deity 表示「把太陽當作神來看待」。後文又提到 Klara 相信太陽具有治癒 Josie 的力量,顯示太陽在她心中具有神聖、超自然的地位。

因此,deity 的意思是「神或女神」。

選項分析

(A) an eating habit:飲食習慣

錯誤。表示「飲食習慣」可用 eating habit 或 dietary habit。
deity 與 diet 拼字相近,但意思完全不同,不能因字形相似而混淆。

(B) a god or goddess:神或女神

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 48 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Klara and the Sun, published in 2021, was the eighth novel by the Nobel Prize-winning British novelist Kazuo Ishiguro. Highly anticipated, the dystopian science fiction sets in the U.S. in an uncomfortably near yet unspecified future: technology has rendered many people “postemployed” and created a blunt caste system where the so-called “lifted” are on top. With this wide-focus social backdrop of this novel, most of the time the story is told from a very limited point-of-view of Klara, a solar-powered AF—Artificial Friend. As a companion robot, Klara is highly different from her own kind: she has an appetite for observing and learning, and has the most sophisticated understanding amongst all the AFs sold in the store. She is chosen by a very sickly fourteen-year-old Josie to be her companion. Klara is loyal and tactful, and she is able to absorb difficulty and return care. Her role, as she describes it, is to prevent loneliness and to serve. As a companion robot, Klara has a deep reverence for the sun, which she regards as a deity. Solar-powered herself, Klara comes to believe that attention to sun should be a matter of survival for humans. Throughout the novel, Klara is on a mission to help Josie restore her health from a mysterious, seemingly terminally-ill disease, and she believes the sun possesses the power to cure Josie.

Ishiguro’s readers are no strangers to the recurring theme from his previous works—loss, regret, sacrifice, longing, and a sense of reality afloat. And this novel is no exception. In Klara and the Sun, however, technology takes a more central role, and Ishiguro uses artificial intelligence, both biological and mechanized, to reflect on what it means to be human. Ishiguro uses the novel to contest the idea: “Can AI actually get to that empathy by understanding human emotions?” The current society seems to embrace artificial intelligence wholeheartedly, and allows AI to creep into every aspect of society, from job applications, to data mining with algorithms, or even to medicine in clinical setting. As the nature of this generation of machine learning, known as “reinforcement learning”, is vastly different from that of the old forms of AI, human beings may lose control of what AI does thereafter. With this novel, Ishiguro intends to manifest a dark allegory that speaks about the danger of unchecked technological advances, the loss of innocence, and the dignity of simple lives. Although the novel concludes with a positive note in believing how AFs like Klara would be able to provide unfailingly considerate and loyal companionship, the hauntingly beautiful story subtly addresses various looming challenges and controversies regarding AI ethics such as the limitations of machine learning and unsupervised deep learning. Many questions remain unanswered in the novel. But what is beyond doubt here is that Ishiguro has produced another masterpiece, a work that depicts the tenderness, beauty and fragility of humanity through the eyes of an AI.

Judging from this article, which of the following adjectives is most likely to be used to portray Klara?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「閱讀理解+字義判斷」。題目要求根據文章內容,判斷哪一個形容詞最適合描述 Klara。解題重點是:

  • 找出文章直接描寫 Klara 性格與能力的句子。
  • 判斷各選項的正負面語意。
  • 將形容詞放回文章語境,確認是否符合 Klara 的形象。

定位答案的關鍵句

“She has an appetite for observing and learning, and has the most sophisticated understanding amongst all the AFs sold in the store.”

翻譯:
「她熱衷於觀察與學習,而且在商店販售的所有人工朋友中,擁有最精密、最成熟的理解力。」

其中:

  • an appetite for observing and learning:對觀察與學習有強烈興趣
  • sophisticated understanding:精密而成熟的理解力
  • perceptive:敏銳的、善於察覺與理解的、有洞察力的

因此,Klara 是一個具有觀察力、學習力與理解力的人工智慧角色,最適合以 perceptive 形容。

文章另提到 Klara「能吸收困難並回以關懷」、忠誠且體貼,也進一步支持她具有敏銳觀察人類情感與需求的特質。

解題方法

先將各選項翻譯,再與關鍵句比較:

  1. 文章說 Klara 熱衷觀察、學習,且理解力最高。
  2. 這些描述都指向「敏銳、善於理解」的正面特質。
  3. 選項中只有 perceptive 符合此語意。

本題不需要分析小說情節細節,只要掌握作者對 Klara 的直接描寫即可。校方釋疑公告也明確指出,an appetite for observing 與 has the most understanding 是判斷 perceptive 的依據。

選項分析

(A) crude 粗糙的;粗俗的;未開化的

錯誤。
crude 表示缺乏精緻度、修養或成熟度,例如 crude behavior「粗俗的行為」。文章形容 Klara 具有最精密的理解力,且忠誠、體貼、善於觀察,與 crude 的負面語意相反。

(B) biased 有偏見的;偏頗的

錯誤。
biased 指對某人、某群體或某種立場抱有不公平的偏見,例如 a biased opinion「偏頗的意見」。文章沒有說 Klara 做判斷時偏袒任何一方,反而強調她觀察、學習並理解人類。故此選項缺乏文章依據。

(C) ferocious 兇猛的;殘暴的

錯誤。
ferocious 通常形容野獸、敵人或攻擊行為極其兇猛,例如 a ferocious animal「兇猛的動物」。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 49 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Klara and the Sun, published in 2021, was the eighth novel by the Nobel Prize-winning British novelist Kazuo Ishiguro. Highly anticipated, the dystopian science fiction sets in the U.S. in an uncomfortably near yet unspecified future: technology has rendered many people “postemployed” and created a blunt caste system where the so-called “lifted” are on top. With this wide-focus social backdrop of this novel, most of the time the story is told from a very limited point-of-view of Klara, a solar-powered AF—Artificial Friend. As a companion robot, Klara is highly different from her own kind: she has an appetite for observing and learning, and has the most sophisticated understanding amongst all the AFs sold in the store. She is chosen by a very sickly fourteen-year-old Josie to be her companion. Klara is loyal and tactful, and she is able to absorb difficulty and return care. Her role, as she describes it, is to prevent loneliness and to serve. As a companion robot, Klara has a deep reverence for the sun, which she regards as a deity. Solar-powered herself, Klara comes to believe that attention to sun should be a matter of survival for humans. Throughout the novel, Klara is on a mission to help Josie restore her health from a mysterious, seemingly terminally-ill disease, and she believes the sun possesses the power to cure Josie.

Ishiguro’s readers are no strangers to the recurring theme from his previous works—loss, regret, sacrifice, longing, and a sense of reality afloat. And this novel is no exception. In Klara and the Sun, however, technology takes a more central role, and Ishiguro uses artificial intelligence, both biological and mechanized, to reflect on what it means to be human. Ishiguro uses the novel to contest the idea: “Can AI actually get to that empathy by understanding human emotions?” The current society seems to embrace artificial intelligence wholeheartedly, and allows AI to creep into every aspect of society, from job applications, to data mining with algorithms, or even to medicine in clinical setting. As the nature of this generation of machine learning, known as “reinforcement learning”, is vastly different from that of the old forms of AI, human beings may lose control of what AI does thereafter. With this novel, Ishiguro intends to manifest a dark allegory that speaks about the danger of unchecked technological advances, the loss of innocence, and the dignity of simple lives. Although the novel concludes with a positive note in believing how AFs like Klara would be able to provide unfailingly considerate and loyal companionship, the hauntingly beautiful story subtly addresses various looming challenges and controversies regarding AI ethics such as the limitations of machine learning and unsupervised deep learning. Many questions remain unanswered in the novel. But what is beyond doubt here is that Ishiguro has produced another masterpiece, a work that depicts the tenderness, beauty and fragility of humanity through the eyes of an AI.

In the second paragraph, which of the following statements best demonstrates the writer’s attitude toward AI?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「作者態度判斷」。判斷作者對某一主題的態度時,應注意:

  1. 找出帶有評價色彩的關鍵字。
  2. 觀察作者是否同時呈現正面與負面觀點。
  3. 分辨選項中的程度副詞與絕對語氣,如 no doubt、despises、wholeheartedly、sole solution。

本文對人工智慧的態度並非全盤支持,也不是完全反對,而是肯定其可能帶來的便利與陪伴價值,同時提醒科技失控及 AI 倫理問題。


定位答案的關鍵原文

第二段明確指出:

“the hauntingly beautiful story subtly addresses various looming challenges and controversies regarding AI ethics such as the limitations of machine learning and unsupervised deep learning.”

翻譯:
「這個令人難忘且優美的故事,含蓄地處理了各種迫在眉睫的人工智慧倫理挑戰與爭議,例如機器學習及非監督式深度學習的限制。」

此外,文中也寫道:

“Ishiguro intends to manifest a dark allegory that speaks about the danger of unchecked technological advances…”

翻譯:
「石黑一雄意圖呈現一則黑暗寓言,訴說未受制約的科技進步所帶來的危險。」

這些句子顯示作者認為 AI 雖然具有價值,但其發展與應用必須受到關注與限制。


關鍵單字與片語

  • technology takes a more central role:科技扮演更核心的角色
  • reflect on:反思
  • what it means to be human:何謂人性/身為人類的意義
  • contest an idea:質疑、挑戰某種觀念
  • embrace wholeheartedly:全心全意接受
  • creep into every aspect of society:逐漸滲入社會的各個層面
  • unchecked technological advances:未受控制的科技進展
  • loss of innocence:純真或無邪的喪失
  • looming challenges:迫近的挑戰
  • AI ethics:人工智慧倫理
  • limitations:限制
  • unsupervised deep learning:非監督式深度學習
  • provide unfailingly considerate and loyal companionship:提供始終體貼且忠誠的陪伴

其中 unchecked 表示「未受約束、未加控制」,本身帶有負面語氣;limitations、danger、challenges、controversies 也都顯示作者對 AI 發展抱持警戒。


解題方法

先將各選項的態度強度與文章內容比對:

  • 文章是否完全肯定 AI?
  • 文章是否完全否定 AI?
  • 文章是否提到 AI 的危險、限制或倫理爭議?
  • 選項是否使用過度絕對的說法?

第二段同時提到 AI 能夠反映人性、提供忠誠陪伴,也提到科技失控的危險、機器學習的限制及 AI 倫理爭議。因此,最符合文章的態度是「有限度支持,並主張適度規範」。


選項分析

(A) The writer casts no doubt on the technological advancements involving AI.
作者對涉及 AI 的科技進展毫不懷疑。

錯誤。cast no doubt on 表示「完全不質疑」。但文章明確提到:

  • the danger of unchecked technological advances:未受控制的科技進展之危險
  • the limitations of machine learning:機器學習的限制
  • controversies regarding AI ethics:AI 倫理爭議

因此作者顯然對 AI 的發展有所保留,並非毫不懷疑。


(B) The writer despises artificial intelligence and believes that it should be renounced.
作者鄙視人工智慧,並認為應該放棄人工智慧。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 50 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Klara and the Sun, published in 2021, was the eighth novel by the Nobel Prize-winning British novelist Kazuo Ishiguro. Highly anticipated, the dystopian science fiction sets in the U.S. in an uncomfortably near yet unspecified future: technology has rendered many people “postemployed” and created a blunt caste system where the so-called “lifted” are on top. With this wide-focus social backdrop of this novel, most of the time the story is told from a very limited point-of-view of Klara, a solar-powered AF—Artificial Friend. As a companion robot, Klara is highly different from her own kind: she has an appetite for observing and learning, and has the most sophisticated understanding amongst all the AFs sold in the store. She is chosen by a very sickly fourteen-year-old Josie to be her companion. Klara is loyal and tactful, and she is able to absorb difficulty and return care. Her role, as she describes it, is to prevent loneliness and to serve. As a companion robot, Klara has a deep reverence for the sun, which she regards as a deity. Solar-powered herself, Klara comes to believe that attention to sun should be a matter of survival for humans. Throughout the novel, Klara is on a mission to help Josie restore her health from a mysterious, seemingly terminally-ill disease, and she believes the sun possesses the power to cure Josie.

Ishiguro’s readers are no strangers to the recurring theme from his previous works—loss, regret, sacrifice, longing, and a sense of reality afloat. And this novel is no exception. In Klara and the Sun, however, technology takes a more central role, and Ishiguro uses artificial intelligence, both biological and mechanized, to reflect on what it means to be human. Ishiguro uses the novel to contest the idea: “Can AI actually get to that empathy by understanding human emotions?” The current society seems to embrace artificial intelligence wholeheartedly, and allows AI to creep into every aspect of society, from job applications, to data mining with algorithms, or even to medicine in clinical setting. As the nature of this generation of machine learning, known as “reinforcement learning”, is vastly different from that of the old forms of AI, human beings may lose control of what AI does thereafter. With this novel, Ishiguro intends to manifest a dark allegory that speaks about the danger of unchecked technological advances, the loss of innocence, and the dignity of simple lives. Although the novel concludes with a positive note in believing how AFs like Klara would be able to provide unfailingly considerate and loyal companionship, the hauntingly beautiful story subtly addresses various looming challenges and controversies regarding AI ethics such as the limitations of machine learning and unsupervised deep learning. Many questions remain unanswered in the novel. But what is beyond doubt here is that Ishiguro has produced another masterpiece, a work that depicts the tenderness, beauty and fragility of humanity through the eyes of an AI.

What can be inferred from the article?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是閱讀理解的「推論題」,要求根據文章明示內容,推導出合理結論。判斷重點在於:

  • 找出與選項直接相關的原文。
  • 注意選項中的程度副詞與範圍字眼,例如 not the first time、without a doubt、only、ultimately、avoid controversies。
  • 避免將文章未提及的內容擴大解讀。

題幹特別指出 Ishiguro 早期作品反覆處理 loss、regret、sacrifice、longing 等主題,因此可推知本書並非他首次探討「失落」相關議題。


解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句是:

Ishiguro’s readers are no strangers to the recurring theme from his previous works—loss, regret, sacrifice, longing, and a sense of reality afloat.
Ishiguro 的讀者對他過去作品中反覆出現的主題並不陌生,包括失落、悔恨、犧牲、渴望,以及漂浮不定的現實感。

其中:

  • recurring theme:反覆出現的主題
  • previous works:過去的作品
  • loss:失落、喪失
  • no strangers to:對……並不陌生

既然「失落」是 Ishiguro 過去作品中反覆出現的主題,便可推知他不是第一次處理與 loss 有關的主題。因此選 A。


選項分析

(A) This is not the first time that Ishiguro deals with themes related to loss.

這不是 Ishiguro 第一次處理與失落相關的主題。

正確。

原文明確提到:

the recurring theme from his previous works—loss, regret, sacrifice, longing...

recurring theme 表示「反覆出現的主題」,而且這些主題出現在 previous works。因此可合理推論,Ishiguro 在本書以前便已處理過 loss 或相關主題。


(B) Kazuo Ishiguro is without a doubt a sci-fi novelist who only works on the topic.

Kazuo Ishiguro 毫無疑問是一位只創作科幻作品的科幻小說家。

錯誤。

文章只說《Klara and the Sun》是 dystopian science fiction,即「反烏托邦科幻小說」,並未表示 Ishiguro 所有作品都屬於科幻類型。

此外,選項使用:

  • without a doubt:毫無疑問地
  • only works on the topic:只處理這個主題/只創作這類作品

這些都是過度絕對的說法。文章反而提到他過去作品的主題包括 loss、regret、sacrifice、longing 等,並未限定為科幻題材。


(C) The writer believes the author has patronized his readers with an unrealistic vision about the future.

作者認為 Ishiguro 以不切實際的未來想像自命高人地對待讀者。

錯誤。

patronize 在此指「以高高在上的態度對待他人、居高臨下地對待」,文章沒有說 Ishiguro 輕視或敷衍讀者。

相反地,文章稱這部小說是:

another masterpiece
另一部傑作

並稱其描繪了:

the tenderness, beauty and fragility of humanity
人性的溫柔、美麗與脆弱。

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

第 Essay Writing 題20 分

Write an essay of at least 200 words in an appropriate style on the following topic.

What does the phrase “medical ethics” mean? How important are “medical ethics” to doctors and patients? Give specific examples to answer the above-mentioned questions.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查考生是否能以英文清楚說明抽象概念,並以具體事例支持論點。寫作內容必須完整回答三個問題:

  1. What does “medical ethics” mean?
    說明醫療倫理的定義與核心原則。
  2. How important are medical ethics to doctors and patients?
    說明醫療倫理對醫師與病人的重要性。
  3. Give specific examples.
    提出實際醫療情境,證明醫療倫理如何影響醫病關係與醫療決策。

醫療倫理(medical ethics)是指醫療人員在診療、研究及照護過程中,依據道德原則判斷何種行為是正當、負責且尊重人的權利。常見核心原則包括:

  • Autonomy(自主原則):尊重病人了解病情、接受說明並自行決定治療的權利。
  • Beneficence(行善原則):以病人的最大利益為出發點。
  • Non-maleficence(不傷害原則):避免造成不必要的傷害。
  • Justice(正義原則):公平分配醫療資源,不因身分、財富或背景而歧視病人。
  • Confidentiality(保密原則):保護病人的個人資料與病情資訊。

本題適合採用「定義 → 重要性 → 具體例子 → 結論」的四段式結構。如此可以逐一對應題目要求,避免只談抽象道德而缺乏實例。


解題方法

第一段先定義 medical ethics,並提出本文主旨。例如可指出,醫療倫理不只是法律規定,也包含醫師對病人尊嚴、權利與安全的承諾。

第二段說明醫療倫理對醫師的重要性。醫師每天都必須面對知情同意、病情保密、治療風險、醫療資源分配等問題,因此醫療倫理能協助醫師在複雜情況下作出負責任的判斷。

第三段說明醫療倫理對病人的重要性,並加入具體例子。例如醫師在手術前清楚說明成功率、風險與替代治療,讓病人在充分理解後決定是否接受手術。這個例子同時呈現自主原則、知情同意與尊重病人權利。

第四段可再補充一個保密或公平醫療的例子,最後總結醫療倫理能建立醫病之間的信任,並維持醫療專業的正當性。


題幹語意與定位句分析

題幹中的關鍵句為:

“What does the phrase ‘medical ethics’ mean?”

意思是:「『醫療倫理』這個詞組是什麼意思?」

這一句要求考生先做明確定義,不能只列出 personal qualities,例如 kindness 或 honesty,而必須說明 medical ethics 與醫療決策、病人權利及專業責任的關係。

第二個關鍵句為:

“How important are ‘medical ethics’ to doctors and patients?”

意思是:「『醫療倫理』對醫師與病人有多重要?」

這一句要求同時討論 doctors 和 patients,不能只寫醫師應該遵守倫理,也要說明病人如何因醫療倫理而獲得尊重、安全、隱私與公平對待。

第三個關鍵句為:

“Give specific examples to answer the above-mentioned questions.”

意思是:「請提出具體例子,以回答上述問題。」

specific examples 指的是明確的醫療情境,例如手術同意、病情保密、末期照護、器官移植或有限醫療資源的分配。只寫 “Medical ethics are important in many ways.” 屬於空泛敘述,無法充分回應題目。


關鍵單字與片語

  • medical ethics:醫療倫理
  • moral principles:道德原則
  • professional responsibilities:專業責任
  • respect patients’ dignity:尊重病人的尊嚴
  • protect patients’ rights:保障病人的權利
  • informed consent:知情同意
  • disclose medical information:揭露醫療資訊
  • treatment risks:治療風險
  • alternative treatments:替代療法
  • make an informed decision:在充分知情下作決定
  • maintain confidentiality:維持保密
  • personal information:個人資料
  • allocate medical resources:分配醫療資源
  • establish trust:建立信任
  • physician-patient relationship:醫病關係
  • act in the patient’s best interest:以病人的最佳利益行事
  • avoid unnecessary harm:避免不必要的傷害
  • regardless of a patient’s background:不論病人的背景為何
  • life-threatening illness:危及生命的疾病
  • professional integrity:專業正直與誠信

文法與語意重點

  1. 定義句型

Medical ethics refers to the moral principles that guide healthcare professionals in making decisions.

refers to 後面接名詞,表示「指的是」;that guide... 是關係子句,修飾 moral principles。

  1. 重要性表達

Medical ethics are essential to both doctors and patients.

both A and B 表示「A 與 B 兩者都」。本題題幹明確要求同時討論醫師與病人,因此 both doctors and patients 是實用句型。

  1. 被動語態

Patients should be fully informed before a major operation is performed.

should be informed 表示「應被告知」;醫療寫作常使用被動語態,凸顯病人應享有的保障,而不只強調行為人。

  1. 條件句

If doctors explain the risks and alternatives clearly, patients can make informed decisions.

If + 現在式, can + 原形動詞 可用來說明某項倫理行為帶來的正面結果。

  1. 因果關係

Respect for autonomy strengthens trust between doctors and patients.

respect for autonomy 是名詞片語,表示「對自主權的尊重」;strengthen trust 表示「增強信任」。

  1. 避免絕對化語氣

醫療倫理涉及複雜判斷,適合使用 often, usually, in many cases 等字詞,避免寫成所有情況都只有唯一答案。文章仍須保持明確立場,例如:

🔒

後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

免費註冊,享 3 天全站完整詳解閱覽。

免費註冊

其他考古題