高雄醫學大學 107 年 《英文》
第 1 題1 分
The inexorable globalization of English language has brought profound impacts on language education in many African and Asian countries.
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核心觀念
本題考「形容詞語意判斷」與近義字辨析。空格中的形容詞修飾 globalization of English language,必須符合句意:
The inexorable globalization of English language has brought profound impacts on language education in many African and Asian countries.
翻譯:英語不可遏止的全球化,已對許多非洲與亞洲國家的語言教育造成深遠影響。
關鍵字為 inexorable,意指「不可遏止的、無法阻擋的、持續進展而難以停止的」。在本句中可直接理解為 unstoppable。
解題方法
判斷方式有兩步:
- 先確認空格需要形容詞,因為它位於名詞片語前,修飾 globalization。
- 再依上下文判斷語意。英語全球化對許多國家的語言教育產生「深遠影響」,表示這股全球化趨勢強大且難以阻擋,因此應選與 inexorable 同義的 unstoppable。
句中 has brought profound impacts 表示「已帶來深遠影響」,與「英語全球化勢不可擋、持續擴張」的語意相互呼應。
選項分析
(A) understandable:可理解的
- understandable 指「容易理解的、可以諒解的」。
- 例如:His reaction is understandable.(他的反應可以理解。)
- 「英語全球化可理解」無法合理說明它為何對語言教育造成深遠影響,因此不合本句語意。
(B) unpredictable:不可預測的
- unpredictable 指「無法預測的、難以預料的」。
- 例如:The weather is unpredictable.(天氣難以預測。)
- 本句重點是英語全球化的強大與持續性,不是在說它的發展方向無法預測,因此不符合上下文。
(C) unprofitable:無利可圖的、無利潤的
第 2 題1 分
My retired grandmother has a great deal of experience living cheaply on a meager income.
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核心觀念
本題考「同義字辨識」與「語意搭配」。
題幹中的關鍵字是 meager,意為「微薄的、不足的、稀少的」。因此,描述收入不多、僅能勉強維持生活時,應選擇與 meager 意義相近的 scanty。
句中 meager 是形容詞,修飾名詞 income:
My retired grandmother has a great deal of experience living cheaply on a meager income.
我退休的祖母有許多靠微薄收入節儉生活的經驗。
解題方法
先定位語意核心:
- living cheaply:節儉地生活
- on a meager income:靠微薄的收入
「收入微薄」表示金額少、不充裕,因此答案必須具有「稀少、不足」的語意。
在選項中,scanty 可表示「不足的、稀少的、微薄的」,與 meager 最接近:
- a meager income = a scanty income
- 微薄的收入 = 不足的收入
選項分析
(A) ample
ample 意為「充足的、豐富的」,與 meager 的「微薄的、不足的」意思相反。
- ample income:充足的收入
- meager income:微薄的收入
因此不符合祖母必須「節儉生活」的語境。
(B) copious
copious 意為「大量的、豐富的」,通常指數量很多,與 income 搭配時表示收入豐厚,和 meager 意義相反。
- copious resources:豐富的資源
- copious income:大量的收入
因此錯誤。
第 3 題1 分
Children sometimes suffer from low self-esteem when their parents constantly accentuate their mistakes.
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核心觀念
本題考的是近義動詞辨析,重點在於根據上下文判斷「父母不斷強調孩子的錯誤」應使用哪個動詞。
題幹關鍵片語為:
their parents constantly accentuate their mistakes
他們的父母總是不斷強調他們所犯的錯誤。
其中:
- accentuate:強調、凸顯,使某事更加明顯
- mistakes:錯誤
- constantly:不斷地、持續地
選項中 underscore 也有「強調、凸顯」之意,與 accentuate 在此語境中意思最接近,因此答案為 (E)。
解題方法
先抓住句子的語意:
Children sometimes suffer from low self-esteem when their parents constantly accentuate their mistakes.
翻譯為:
當父母不斷強調孩子所犯的錯誤時,孩子有時會受到低自尊的困擾。
句子的核心概念是:父母反覆指出、放大孩子的錯誤,導致孩子產生低自尊。因此空格需要一個表示「強調、凸顯」的動詞。
underscore 可作動詞,表示:
- 強調某件事的重要性
- 凸顯某種特徵或問題
例如:
- The report underscores the importance of regular exercise.
這份報告強調規律運動的重要性。 - His repeated failures underscore the need for better preparation.
他一再失敗凸顯了充分準備的必要性。
在本題中,underscore their mistakes 表示「強調他們的錯誤」,符合題幹語意。
此外,文法上 underscore 為及物動詞,可直接接受詞 their mistakes;副詞 constantly 修飾動詞,表示「不斷強調」。
選項分析
(A) disentangle
- disentangle:解開、理清、使脫離糾纏
- 常見搭配為:
- disentangle a knot:解開繩結
- disentangle oneself from a difficult situation:使自己脫離困境
- disentangle fact from fiction:區分事實與虛構
代入後為:
parents constantly disentangle their mistakes
意思接近「父母不斷解開他們的錯誤」,語意不通。父母是在強調錯誤,而不是解開或理清錯誤,因此錯誤。
(B) evacuate
- evacuate:撤離、疏散;使撤離;排空
- 常見搭配為:
- evacuate the building:撤離建築物
- evacuate residents:疏散居民
第 4 題1 分
Even though the hotel furnishings were quite sumptuous, the décor did not make up for the fact the hotel had not been properly cleaned.
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核心觀念
本題考的是近義字辨識與語意判斷。題幹中的 sumptuous 意為「奢華的、豪華的、昂貴講究的」,形容飯店的家具陳設相當豪華。
選項中與 sumptuous 意義最接近的是 lavish,同樣可表示「奢華的、豐盛的、鋪張的」。
解題方法
先定位關鍵語句:
Even though the hotel furnishings were quite sumptuous, the décor did not make up for the fact the hotel had not been properly cleaned.
儘管這家飯店的家具陳設相當豪華,但裝潢仍不足以彌補飯店未被妥善清潔的事實。
sumptuous 修飾 hotel furnishings,表示飯店內的家具與陳設很豪華。句中的 Even though 表示讓步:「雖然……但是……」。後半句指出飯店清潔不佳,因此即使裝潢豪華,仍無法彌補整體品質上的缺失。
因此,若以選項替換 sumptuous,必須選擇同樣能表示「豪華、奢華」的字,答案為 lavish。
選項分析
(A) avant-garde
avant-garde 意為「前衛的、創新的」,常形容藝術、設計、思想或作品具有前瞻性。
例如:
- avant-garde art:前衛藝術
- an avant-garde design:前衛設計
它強調的是「新潮、突破傳統」,不等於「奢華」。飯店家具即使設計前衛,也不代表材質或陳設豪華,因此不符合 sumptuous 的語意。
(B) charismatic
charismatic 意為「有魅力的、有領袖魅力的」,通常形容人,也可延伸形容具有吸引力的特質。
例如:
- a charismatic leader:有魅力的領袖
- a charismatic personality:迷人的個性
此字主要與個人魅力有關,不適合修飾飯店家具陳設,也不能表示「豪華」,因此錯誤。
(C) lavish
lavish 意為「奢華的、豪華的、豐盛的、鋪張的」,可形容家具、裝潢、宴會、花費或款待。
例如:
第 5 題1 分
The various parts of the universe are mobile, but the universe itself as a whole is immobile.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨識」與「上下文反義關係」。
題幹以 but 連接前後兩個相反概念:
- mobile:可移動的、活動的
- immobile:不動的、靜止的
因此,後半句的 immobile 應選擇與「不動、靜止」意思相同的字,答案為 motionless。
文法上,immobile 是形容詞,放在 is 後面作主詞補語,描述 the universe itself as a whole 的狀態。
解題方法
先找出轉折詞 but:
The various parts of the universe are mobile, but the universe itself as a whole is immobile.
翻譯:
宇宙的各個部分都是可移動的,但是宇宙整體本身是不動的。
前半句的 mobile 表示「可移動的」,後半句的 immobile 則表示「不可移動的、靜止的」。題目要求選出與 immobile 意義最接近的選項。
在所有選項中,只有 motionless 表示「不動的、靜止的」,因此選 (C)。
關鍵單字與片語
- various:各種的、不同的
- part:部分
- universe:宇宙
- mobile:可移動的、活動的
- as a whole:整體而言、作為一個整體
- immobile:不動的、靜止的
- moving:移動中的;感人的
- contained:被包含的、被容納的
- motionless:靜止不動的
- indifferent:漠不關心的;不在乎的
- immaterial:非物質的;不重要的、無關緊要的
定位答案的關鍵句
The various parts of the universe are mobile, but the universe itself as a whole is immobile.
翻譯:
宇宙的各個部分都是可移動的,但是宇宙整體本身是不動的。
其中 mobile 與 immobile 形成反義對比,而 motionless 正好是 immobile 的同義字。
選項分析
(A) moving
moving 是「正在移動的、移動中的」,與 motionless 的「靜止不動的」相反。
若代入句中:
第 6 題1 分
The workers’ advocates successfully petitioned the courts to declare as illegal the debts that the landlords were using to compel the workers into indentured servitude.
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核心觀念
本題考查字義辨析與語意判斷。關鍵在於理解片語 indentured servitude,意為「契約勞役、債役」,指勞工因債務被迫長期替債權人工作,接近受奴役或束縛的狀態。
選項中 bondage 意為「束縛、奴役、受支配的狀態」,與 indentured servitude 的語意最接近,因此選 A。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
The workers’ advocates successfully petitioned the courts to declare as illegal the debts that the landlords were using to compel the workers into indentured servitude.
翻譯:
勞工的倡議者成功向法院請求,宣判地主用來迫使勞工陷入契約勞役的債務為非法。
其中:
- workers’ advocates:勞工倡議者、勞工權益代表
- petition the courts:向法院提出請願或申請
- declare A as illegal:宣判 A 為非法
- compel A into B:迫使 A 陷入 B
- indentured servitude:契約勞役、債役
題幹描述地主利用債務迫使工人接受類似奴役的勞動關係,因此空格應選擇表示「束縛、奴役」的名詞。
解題方法
先抓住語意核心:
compel the workers into indentured servitude
這表示工人因債務被迫失去自由,受到長期勞動束縛。能與此概念相互替換的選項,必須具有「奴役、束縛、失去自由」的意思。
bondage 可表示:
- 身體上的束縛;
- 被奴役或受壓迫的狀態;
- 受到某種力量控制而無法脫身。
因此,題幹所描述的契約勞役正符合 bondage 的語意。
選項分析
第 7 題1 分
Miuccia Prada, who creates trends out of unlikely garments and accessories, has provoked and influenced colleagues for years with her eccentric and highly personal sensibility.
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核心觀念
本題考「形容詞字義辨析」與「語意搭配」。空格所對應的概念是 Prada 的審美感受具有:
- 古怪、不尋常
- 高度個人化
- 不受傳統規範限制
因此,答案必須能修飾 highly personal sensibility,並與前面的 eccentric 語意相互呼應。
關鍵句定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵片語為:
with her eccentric and highly personal sensibility
可翻譯為:
憑藉她古怪且高度個人化的感受力。
其中 eccentric 表示「古怪的、離經叛道的」,highly personal 表示「非常個人化的」。兩者共同指向「獨特、非典型、具有個人特色」的特質,因此選 idiosyncratic 最符合語境。
完整句意為:
Miuccia Prada 能從不太可能被看好的服裝與配件中創造潮流,多年來一直以她古怪且高度個人化的審美感受力,挑戰並影響同業。
解題方法
先判斷空格所需的詞性。空格位於:
her eccentric and highly personal ______ sensibility
此處需要一個形容詞,修飾 sensibility。再利用語意線索:
- eccentric 已明確表示「古怪、不尋常」。
- highly personal 強調「個人特色強烈」。
- 前文提到她能從不尋常的服裝與配件中創造潮流,顯示她的品味不受一般規範限制。
因此,正確選項應同時具有「獨特、個人化、非典型」的意思。
選項分析
(A) accustomed
accustomed 意為「習慣的、適應的」,常見搭配為:
be accustomed to + 名詞/動名詞
習慣於……
例如:
She is accustomed to working under pressure.
她習慣在壓力下工作。
accustomed sensibility 並非本句要表達的意思,而且「習慣的感受力」無法呼應 eccentric 與 highly personal,錯誤。
(B) conventional
conventional 意為「傳統的、慣例的、循規蹈矩的」。
本句描述 Prada 能從不尋常的服裝與配件中創造潮流,並以古怪、個人化的品味影響同業;conventional 所表達的「傳統、守常」與整體語意相反,錯誤。
(C) disymmetric
第 8 題1 分
The news is no longer reporting on the binary choice which faced the electorate in the referendum but the impact of the Brexit negotiations on the UK.
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核心觀念
本題考查選舉與政治語境中的名詞辨義,以及集合名詞在句中的語意適切性。
題幹描述英國脫歐公投(Brexit referendum)後,新聞報導焦點從「公投時選民面臨的二選一」轉向「脫歐談判對英國的影響」。關鍵是判斷哪個名詞可以指「選民群體」或「選區內的選民」。
- constituency:選區;選區內的選民;支持某候選人或政黨的選民群體
- electorate:全體選民;有投票權的選民
- binary choice:二選一的選擇
- referendum:公民投票
- Brexit negotiations:脫歐談判
- impact on:對……的影響
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵語意在:
The news is no longer reporting on the binary choice which faced the electorate in the referendum but the impact of the Brexit negotiations on the UK.
其中:
the binary choice which faced the electorate in the referendum
意為「公投中擺在選民面前的二選一選擇」。
全句可翻譯為:
「新聞不再報導公投中擺在選民面前的二選一選擇,而是報導脫歐談判對英國的影響。」
句中的對比結構是:
report on A but B
也就是「報導 A,而不再報導 B」。前半的重點是公投時選民所面臨的選擇,後半則是脫歐談判所造成的影響。
解題方法
先抓住語境中的核心概念:題目需要一個能表示「選民群體」的名詞。
若原題空格的位置是:
the binary choice which faced the ______ in the referendum
則最適合的答案是 constituency,因為 constituency 除了「選區」之外,也可指「某一選區的選民」,在政治新聞中常用來表示一群具有投票資格或政治立場的民眾。
語意可理解為:
the binary choice which faced the constituency
「擺在該選區選民面前的二選一選擇。」
因此,依官方公布答案,本題選 (B) constituency。
不過,題幹目前呈現的文字已經使用 the electorate,並沒有留下空格。electorate 本身就是「全體選民」,放在原句中語意完全通順;若題目原始排版確實是將某個字替換為選項,則官方答案 B 應是要以 constituency 取代 electorate。
選項分析
(A) confederacy
confederacy 意為「邦聯;同盟;結盟團體」,指由多個政治單位或團體組成的聯盟,例如鬆散的國家聯盟。
它不是「選民」或「選區」的意思。將它放入語境會變成:
第 9 題1 分
Rescue crews are again on standby today as bad weather continues to hamper the Fox Glacier helicopter crash recovery operation.
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核心觀念
本題考「動詞語意辨識」與「搭配語境判斷」。
句中關鍵結構為:
bad weather:惡劣天氣continues to + 原形動詞:持續……hamper + 受詞:妨礙、阻礙某事recovery operation:救援/回收作業
題幹中的 hamper 表示「妨礙、阻礙」,因此要選擇與其同義、且能放入句中的動詞。
定位答案的原文與翻譯
Rescue crews are again on standby today as bad weather continues to hamper the Fox Glacier helicopter crash recovery operation.
翻譯:
由於惡劣天氣持續妨礙 Fox Glacier 直升機墜落事故的搜救作業,救援隊今天再次待命。
其中 continues to hamper 表示「持續妨礙」,與後文的救援作業受到天候影響完全相符。
解題方法
先觀察句型:
bad weather continues to ______ the recovery operation
空格後接名詞片語 the recovery operation,因此需要一個能直接接受詞的及物動詞。再依語意判斷:
- 主詞是
bad weather,應表達天氣對救援工作的負面影響。 - 受詞是
recovery operation,表示受到影響的作業。 - 最合理的語意是「惡劣天氣持續阻礙救援作業」。
因此選擇與 hamper 同義的 impede。
選項分析
(A) cease
cease 的意思是「停止、終止」。
若填入句中:
bad weather continues to cease the recovery operation
語意變成「惡劣天氣持續停止救援作業」,搭配不自然。cease 通常表示某個行動或狀態停止,例如:
The rain ceased.
雨停了。
本句要表達的是天氣「妨礙」作業,而不是天氣本身「停止」作業,因此錯誤。
(B) disguise
disguise 的意思是「偽裝、掩飾」。
例如:
He disguised his identity.
他掩飾了自己的身分。
第 10 題1 分
Genetic engineering is a controversial issue, the ramifications of which are far-reaching.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與固定搭配,關鍵在於:
- ramifications:後果、影響、衍生結果;常指某件事所造成的複雜、廣泛影響。
- far-reaching:影響深遠的、波及廣泛的。
片語 far-reaching consequences 表示「深遠的後果」,是自然且常見的搭配。
題幹中的 the ramifications of which 是關係代名詞片語,指「其所造成的後果」。其中 which 指前面的 a controversial issue。
題幹翻譯與定位
Genetic engineering is a controversial issue, the ramifications of which are far-reaching.
基因工程是一項具爭議性的議題,而它所造成的影響十分深遠。
定位答案的關鍵是 ramifications are far-reaching。由語意可知,空格應填入「後果、影響」之意的名詞。
解題方法
先判斷句型:
the ramifications of which are far-reaching
此處需要一個名詞,與 far-reaching 搭配後,整體意思應為「影響深遠」或「後果廣泛」。
再將各選項代入:
- consequences:後果、結果
→ 「後果深遠」符合語意。 - 其餘選項多指憐憫、騷動、意外衝突或良知,均無法合理說明基因工程所造成的「深遠影響」。
因此選 (C) consequences。
選項分析
(A) compassions
compassion 意為「憐憫、同情、慈悲」,通常指對他人痛苦的同情心。
- compassions 為複數形式,但本句需要表達基因工程造成的影響。
- 「基因工程是一項議題,其憐憫十分深遠」語意不通。
- 因此錯誤。
(B) commotions
commotion 意為「騷動、混亂、喧鬧」。
- commotions 表示多起騷動或混亂。
- 基因工程確實可能引發社會討論或爭議,但 commotions are far-reaching 並非本句要表達的自然語意。
- 題幹談的是這項議題所產生的廣泛「後果」,不是騷動本身。
- 因此錯誤。
(C) consequences
consequence 意為「結果、後果」,複數 consequences 表示「各種後果、影響」。
第 11 題1 分
After the player deliberately hit the quarterback in a rough manner, he was charged with a _____ foul.
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核心觀念
本題考「形容詞的語意判斷」與英語搭配。空格位於名詞 foul 前方,需填入能修飾犯規行為、表示「明顯且惡劣」的形容詞。
blatant 表示「公然的、明目張膽的、明顯而令人無法接受的」,常用來形容違規或不當行為,例如:
- a blatant foul:明顯且惡劣的犯規
- a blatant lie:公然的謊言
- a blatant violation:明目張膽的違規
解題方法
定位題幹中的關鍵語句:
After the player deliberately hit the quarterback in a rough manner
意思是:「這名球員故意以粗暴的方式撞擊四分衛之後……」
其中 deliberately 表示「故意地」,in a rough manner 表示「以粗暴的方式」。這些字眼顯示該犯規行為既故意又明顯惡劣,因此後面的名詞片語應為:
a blatant foul
明顯而惡劣的犯規
句意為:「這名球員故意以粗暴的方式撞擊四分衛後,被判處一次明顯且惡劣的犯規。」
選項分析
(A) amicable
amicable 意為「友善的、和睦的」,通常形容人際關係、協議或解決方式,例如 an amicable agreement(友善達成的協議)。
amicable foul 意為「友善的犯規」,與故意、粗暴的攻擊行為在語意上衝突,因此錯誤。
(B) blatant
blatant 意為「明目張膽的、明顯惡劣的」。題幹以 deliberately 和 rough 強調犯規行為的故意性與粗暴性,符合 **bla
第 12 題1 分
_____ people are likely to hang out with friends every weekend while reserved people keep to themselves.
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核心觀念
本題考「形容詞字義辨識」與「語境對比」。
句中以 gregarious people 與 reserved people 相對比:
- gregarious:合群的、喜歡交際的
- reserved:含蓄的、內向的、不輕易與人親近的
- hang out with friends:與朋友相處、和朋友一起消磨時間
- keep to themselves:獨處、不與他人往來
因此,前半句應填入表示「喜歡社交、合群」的形容詞。
解題方法
先觀察句子的對比關係:
_____ people are likely to hang out with friends every weekend while reserved people keep to themselves.
合群的人可能每個週末都會和朋友相處,而內向的人則獨處。
while 在此表示對比。後半句的 reserved people keep to themselves 已明確描述「不喜歡與人交往」的人,因此前半句應填入意義相反、表示「喜愛社交」的人。
此外,空格後接名詞 people,需要填入形容詞,五個選項皆屬形容詞,最後必須依語意判斷。
答案選項:Gregarious
gregarious 的意思是「合群的、愛交際的、喜歡與人相處的」。
常見搭配包括:
- a gregarious person:合群的人
- a gregarious personality:喜歡社交的個性
- gregarious animals:群居動物
題幹提到這類人「每個週末都可能和朋友一起消磨時間」,與 gregarious 的「喜歡社交、樂於與人相處」完全相符。
選項分析
(A) Antagonistic
antagonistic 意為「敵對的、對抗的、 antagonistic」。
例如:
- an antagonistic attitude:敵對的態度
- two antagonistic groups:兩個對立的團體
若填入句中,會變成「敵對的人每週末都可能和朋友相處」,與後面的 reserved people keep to themselves 並非合理的反義對比,且「敵對」也不能直接表示喜歡社交,因此錯誤。
(B) Composite
composite 意為「合成的、複合的、由多部分組成的」。
例如:
- a composite material:複合材料
- a composite image:合成影像
第 13 題1 分
A deadly storm that hammered the Northeast with relentless rain, snow and powerful wind slowly moved away, but its effects will _____ for days.
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核心觀念
本題考查「字義判斷」與「動詞和語境的搭配」。句意指出暴風雨雖然逐漸離開,但它所造成的影響還會持續數日,因此空格需要填入表示「徘徊、持續不散」的動詞。
關鍵句為:
its effects will linger for days.
它所造成的影響還會持續數日。
其中:
- effect:影響;效果
- linger:持續存在;逗留;遲遲不散
- for days:好幾天;持續數日
句型為:
主詞 + will + 原形動詞 + 時間
因此空格應填入動詞原形,且語意必須能與「暴風雨的影響持續數日」相符。
解題方法
先掌握句子的轉折關係:
A deadly storm ... slowly moved away, but its effects will _____ for days.
前半句說暴風雨「慢慢移走」,後半句用 but 表示對比:暴風雨本身離開了,但造成的影響仍然存在。
因此空格應選擇具有「持續、遲遲不消失」意義的動詞。linger 正好表示某種事物在預期應該消失之後仍繼續存在,符合暴風雨影響延續數日的語境。
完整句意為:
一場以不停歇的雨、雪和強風吹襲美國東北部的致命暴風雨慢慢離去,但它造成的影響還會持續數日。
選項分析
(A) affirm
affirm 是動詞,意為「肯定、確認、堅稱」。
例如:
The witness affirmed that he had seen the accident.
證人確認自己看到了那場事故。
代入後:
its effects will affirm for days
意思變成「它的影響將確認數日」,語意不通。affirm 需要搭配被確認的內容,不能表示影響持續存在,因此錯誤。
(B) bustle
bustle 可作動詞,意為「忙碌地走動、喧鬧忙碌」;也可作名詞,表示「忙亂、熙攘」。
例如:
People bustled around the station.
人們在車站周圍忙碌地走動。
代入後:
its effects will bustle for days
句意變成「它的影響將忙碌地走動數日」,不符合「影響持續」的語意。bustle 通常描述人群或場所的忙亂活動,不能用來表示災害影響延續,因此錯誤。
(C) herald
herald 可作動詞,意為「預告、宣布……的到來」;也可作名詞,指「使者、預兆」。
例如:
Dark clouds heralded the coming storm.
烏雲預告了暴風雨即將到來。
代入後:
第 14 題1 分
Mr. Zuma, the former president of South Africa, had ignored the court ruling against him for years. He was _____ until the end of his presidency.
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核心觀念
本題考「上下文語意判斷」與「形容詞字義辨析」。
句中關鍵訊息是:
Mr. Zuma ... had ignored the court ruling against him for years.
Zuma 先生多年來一直無視對他不利的法院裁決。
既然他長期不理會法院判決,表示他對司法權威採取「公然反抗、蔑視」的態度,因此空格應填入 defiant。
文法上,句型為:
He was + 形容詞
空格需要放入描述 Zuma 態度或性格的形容詞。
解題方法
先抓因果關係:
- ignored the court ruling:無視法院裁決
- for years:持續多年
- until the end of his presidency:直到總統任期結束
這些資訊共同呈現出「持續抗拒權威、不服從裁決」的語意。最符合的形容詞是 defiant,意思是「反抗的、挑釁的、拒不服從的」。
完整句意為:
南非前總統 Zuma 多年來一直無視對他不利的法院裁決;直到總統任期結束前,他始終都採取反抗、不服從的態度。
選項分析
(A) bulky「笨重的、體積大的」
通常用來形容物品體積大、不易攜帶,例如:
- a bulky suitcase:笨重的行李箱
- bulky furniture:體積龐大的家具
本句談的是 Zuma 對法院判決的態度,並非外觀或物品體積,因此語意不合。
(B) defiant「反抗的、挑釁的、拒不服從的」
指明知有權威、規定或命令存在,仍公然拒絕服從,常用於形容對政府、法律、父母或權威的反抗態度。
- a defiant attitude:反抗的態度
- remain defiant:持續不屈服
- defiant toward authority:反抗權威
Zuma 長期無視法院裁決,正是對司法權威採取拒不服從的態度,因此本選項正確。
(C) vertical「垂直的、直立的」
通常描述方向或位置,例如:
第 15 題1 分
A corner of a neighborhood has been ____ transformed into a life-size replica of a world-famous street by the world’s coolest dad.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 詞性判斷
- 副詞修飾過去分詞
- 語意搭配與句意理解
句型為:
A corner of a neighborhood has been ____ transformed into a life-size replica of a world-famous street by the world’s coolest dad.
其中:
has been transformed:現在完成式被動語態,意為「已經被改造成……」transformed:過去分詞,作被動語態的一部分- 空格位於
been與transformed之間,最適合填入修飾transformed的副詞
解題方法
先判斷句型:
has been + 空格 + transformed
transformed 是動詞 transform 的過去分詞,表示「被改造、被轉變」。空格需要填入副詞,說明改造的程度或方式。
句意是:
社區的一個角落,已經被世界上最酷的爸爸____改造成一條世界知名街道的等身大複製品。
此處需要表達「徹底地、完全地改造」,因此選擇副詞 utterly。
完整句意為:
社區的一個角落,已經被世界上最酷的爸爸徹底改造成一條世界知名街道的等身大複製品。
定位答案的關鍵原文與翻譯
A corner of a neighborhood has been utterly transformed into a life-size replica of a world-famous street.
翻譯:
社區的一個角落,已經被徹底改造成一條世界知名街道的等身大複製品。
utterly transformed 是合理的副詞與過去分詞搭配,表示「徹底改造」。
選項分析
(A) anomaly
anomaly 為名詞,意為「異常、反常現象」。
例:
The result is an anomaly.
這個結果是個異常現象。
本句空格需要副詞,且句意需要表達改造程度。anomaly transformed 不符合詞性與語意,因此錯誤。
(B) fiddly
第 16 題1 分
Mrs. Thomason had a ____ time last year because of the sudden descent of her health condition.
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核心觀念
本題考「形容詞的語意判斷」與「固定搭配」。
句型為:
have a/an + 形容詞 + time
其中形容詞用來描述 Mrs. Thomason 去年的生活或遭遇。題幹後半句指出原因:
because of the sudden descent of her health condition
因為她的健康狀況突然惡化
因此,空格應填入表示「困苦、受困擾」的形容詞。
解題方法
先抓語意線索:
Mrs. Thomason had a ____ time last year because of the sudden descent of her health condition.
「健康狀況突然惡化」通常會造成痛苦、困難或困擾的生活,因此可將空格理解為:
Mrs. Thomason had a difficult/troubled time last year.
五個選項中,只有 beleaguered 能表達「受到困擾、陷入困境」的意思,故選 B。
題幹定位與翻譯
原文:
Mrs. Thomason had a beleaguered time last year because of the sudden descent of her health condition.
翻譯:
Thomason 太太去年因為健康狀況突然惡化,度過了一段困苦難熬的時光。
其中,beleaguered 表示「受困擾的、陷入困境的、飽受折磨的」,與健康惡化所造成的生活困境相符。
選項分析
(A) metaphorical
metaphorical:比喻的、隱喻的。
例如:
The phrase has a metaphorical meaning.
這個片語具有隱喻性的意義。
「健康狀況突然惡化」造成的是實際的身體與生活困難,並非在談某個時間是「比喻性的」。因此:
had a metaphorical time
語意不合,排除。
(B) beleaguered
beleaguered:受困擾的、陷入困境的、飽受折磨的。
例如:
The beleaguered family needed financial assistance.
那個飽受困境折磨的家庭需要經濟援助。
Mrs. Thomason 因健康狀況突然惡化,去年生活處於困苦、受折磨的狀態,故:
had a beleaguered time
可理解為「度過一段艱苦難熬的時光」,符合題意。
第 17 題1 分
Because Marco has always had a tendency to ____ the truth, no one believed he had been mugged.
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核心觀念
本題考「動詞搭配」與「語意判斷」。
句型為:
have a tendency to + 原形動詞
表示「有……的傾向」。空格後接名詞片語 the truth,因此須選擇能與 truth 搭配,且符合上下文語意的動詞。
關鍵在於後半句:
no one believed he had been mugged
沒有人相信他曾遭到搶劫。
既然大家不相信 Marco 遭搶,前半句必須表示他平常會「誇大、渲染事實」,使別人不信任他的說法。
題幹定位與翻譯
Because Marco has always had a tendency to embellish the truth, no one believed he had been mugged.
翻譯:
因為 Marco 一向有誇大事實的傾向,所以沒有人相信他曾遭到搶劫。
embellish the truth 是重要搭配,意思是「誇大或渲染事實」,常暗示說話者加入額外細節,使故事比實際情況更戲劇化。
解題方法
先判斷因果關係:
- Marco 平常有某種對待「事實」的習慣。
- 因為這種習慣,別人不相信他這次被搶。
- 因此空格應填入具有「誇張、渲染、添油加醋」意義的動詞。
embellish 除了「裝飾」之外,也能表示「美化、渲染、誇大故事或事實」,與 the truth 搭配自然,且完全符合後句的因果邏輯。
選項分析
(A) divulge
divulge:洩露、透露,通常指秘密或不應公開的資訊。
例如:
divulge a secret
洩露秘密
divulge the truth 可表示「揭露真相」,但這與 Marco 使人不相信自己被搶的語境不符。句子需要的是「誇大事實」,不是「透露真相」,因此錯誤。
(B) embellish
embellish:裝飾;美化;渲染;誇大。
embellish the truth
誇大或渲染事實
Marco 一向會在事實上添加戲劇化細節,因此別人不相信他這次的遭遇。此選項在搭配與語意上都正確。
(C) impart
impart:傳達、告知、透露,常指傳遞知識、消息或資訊。
例如:
impart knowledge
傳授知識
第 18 題1 分
It has been well-established that richer people live longer and even a smallish difference in income and education will make a difference to ____.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與固定搭配。關鍵句型為:
make a difference to + 名詞
對……造成影響;使……有所不同
題幹前半句提到:
richer people live longer
富裕的人活得比較久
因此後半句所說的「收入與教育程度的些微差異,也會造成影響」應是指影響「壽命長短」,也就是 longevity。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵原文:
It has been well-established that richer people live longer and even a smallish difference in income and education will make a difference to longevity.
翻譯:
已經充分確立的是,較富裕的人壽命較長;即使收入與教育程度只有些微差異,也會對壽命長短造成影響。
其中,前面的 live longer 已直接提示答案必須與「長壽、壽命」有關。
解題方法
- 先觀察語意:題幹主題是「財富、教育與壽命的關係」。
- 再套用搭配:make a difference to longevity 表示「影響壽命」。
- 逐一比對選項後,只有 longevity 符合上下文。
選項分析
- (A) captivity
意為「囚禁;拘禁狀態」。
make a difference to captivity 可勉強形成文法結構,但收入與教育的些微差異並非本句要討論的「囚禁狀態」,與前文的 live longer 無關,因此錯誤。
- (B) depravity
意為「墮落;道德敗壞」。
收入與教育程度可能在社會議題中與道德、犯罪等概念有所關聯,但本題前文明確聚焦於「活得更久」,故 depravity 不符合語意。
第 19 題1 分
To ensure wealth redistribution, taxes are ____ on the basis of income and property.
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核心觀念
本題考「課稅」的固定搭配與語意判斷。
- levy:徵收、課徵(稅金、費用等)
- be levied on:被課徵於……;對……徵收
- on the basis of:根據……;以……為基礎
- income:所得、收入
- property:財產、不動產
句型為:
Taxes are levied on the basis of income and property.
稅賦是根據所得與財產來課徵的。
其中 taxes 是主詞,與 levy 形成被動語態:
意思是「稅金被徵收」,符合句意。
解題方法
先掌握題幹主旨:
To ensure wealth redistribution, taxes are ____ on the basis of income and property.
為了確保財富重新分配,稅賦是根據所得與財產來__的。
income and property 是政府判定課稅基準的項目,因此空格需要填入「徵收、課徵」之意。
levy 可作動詞,表示政府依法徵收稅金或費用:
- The government levies taxes on high-income earners.
政府向高所得者課稅。 - Taxes are levied according to income.
稅金依所得課徵。
因此被動語態 taxes are levied 完整且自然。
選項分析
(A) lodged
lodge 的常見意思是「提出、正式提交」,例如:
- lodge a complaint:提出申訴
- lodge an application:提出申請
- lodge a claim:提出索賠
taxes are lodged 不表示「稅金被徵收」,與稅務語境不搭配,因此錯誤。
(B) nudged
第 20 題1 分
Robin Williams, who elevated improvisation to an art form and demonstrated a rare flexibility in more serious roles, was a ____ actor in Hollywood.
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核心觀念
本題考查「上下文語意判斷」與形容詞字義辨析。
句中關鍵線索為:
Robin Williams, who elevated improvisation to an art form and demonstrated a rare flexibility in more serious roles, was a ____ actor in Hollywood.
羅賓・威廉斯將即興表演提升為一種藝術形式,並且在較嚴肅的角色中展現罕見的彈性,因此是好萊塢一位____的演員。
題幹描述他既擅長即興喜劇,也能勝任嚴肅角色,表示他的表演風格多變、適應力強,能詮釋不同類型的角色。因此空格應填表示「多才多藝、適應力強」的形容詞。
解題方法
空格位於 a ____ actor 中,應填入形容詞修飾 actor。
解題重點在於掌握 rare flexibility 的語意。flexibility 是「彈性、靈活性、適應力」,搭配演員時,通常指能夠駕馭不同角色與表演風格。
前半句提到:
elevated improvisation to an art form:將即興表演提升為藝術more serious roles:較嚴肅的角色
兩項能力風格差異很大,能同時具備,正好說明 Robin Williams 是一位「多才多藝且能靈活轉換角色」的演員。
選項分析
(A) monotonous
意為「單調的、乏味的、千篇一律的」。若形容演員,表示表演缺乏變化,與題幹所說的 rare flexibility 及能勝任不同類型角色的特質相反,因此錯誤。
(B) combustible
意為「易燃的」,也可引申為「容易激動的、容易引發衝突的」。此字主要用於物質或情緒、局勢,不能合理描述一名因表演風格多變而受到稱許的演員,因此錯誤。
第 21 題1 分
I’ve never heard about ____.
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核心觀念
本題考「名詞後置修飾的關係子句」以及「間接問句的語序」。
題幹為:
I’ve never heard about ____.
意思是:「我從未聽說過……。」
空格前的 about 是介系詞,後面需要接名詞、名詞片語,或可作名詞使用的子句。正確句型是:
the gossip + that they are talking about
其中 that they are talking about 是關係子句,修飾前面的名詞 the gossip。
完整句意為:
I’ve never heard about the gossip that they are talking about.
我從未聽說過他們正在談論的那則八卦。
解題方法
先觀察空格後的內容是否能形成正確的名詞片語。
正確結構為:
the gossip 是先行詞,that 是關係代名詞,代替關係子句中的受詞:
They are talking about the gossip.
改為關係子句後:
the gossip that they are talking about
因為 that 已經代替 the gossip,所以關係子句中不能再重複放受詞。
關鍵單字與片語
hear about:聽說、得知某事gossip:八卦、流言;此處作不可數或集合概念的名詞使用talk about:談論the gossip that...:……的八卦;that...為關係子句,修飾gossip
選項分析
(A) what the gossip they are talking about
錯誤原因有二:
what引導名詞子句時,本身已包含「所……的事物」之意,後面不能再直接接the gossip作為重複的名詞中心。the gossip they are talking about本身已經是一個完整的名詞片語,前面再加what會造成結構混亂。
what 的正確用法例如:
I know what they are talking about.
我知道他們在談論什麼。
此處不能寫成 what the gossip they are talking about。
(B) they are talking about what gossip
錯誤。they are talking about 是陳述句語序,但整體放在 about 後方時,無法形成合適的名詞片語。
此外,what gossip 的排列也不自然。若要表達「他們在談論什麼八卦」,直接問句可說:
What gossip are they talking about?
第 22 題1 分
Anyone who has ever worked knows that the organization chart, ____ meticulously depicted, doesn’t come close to describing the facts of office life.
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題目定位與句意
題幹關鍵句:
Anyone who has ever worked knows that the organization chart, ____ meticulously depicted, doesn’t come close to describing the facts of office life.
翻譯:
任何曾經工作過的人都知道,組織圖無論描繪得多麼細緻,都遠遠不足以描述辦公室生活的實際情況。
句中主詞為 the organization chart,逗號之間的空格片語修飾該主詞,表示「無論組織圖被描繪得多麼細緻」。
核心觀念
本題考:
- no matter how + 副詞/形容詞 + S + V
- 讓步副詞子句的省略
- 分詞片語與完整子句的辨識
- 介系詞片語後方所能接的結構
no matter how 表示「無論多麼……」,後面通常接:
no matter how + 形容詞/副詞 + 主詞 + 動詞
例如:
- no matter how difficult the problem is
無論這個問題多麼困難 - no matter how carefully it is written
無論它被寫得多麼仔細
本題的完整結構可還原為:
no matter how meticulously the organization chart is depicted
其中:
- meticulously:仔細地、詳盡地
- depict:描繪、描述
- is depicted:被描繪、被描述
因為主詞與動詞在上下文中已經明確,完整讓步子句可縮減為:
no matter how meticulously depicted
此處相當於:
no matter how meticulously it is depicted
解題方法
先觀察空格後方的結構:
____ meticulously depicted
空格後直接接副詞 meticulously 與過去分詞 depicted,並沒有出現名詞、動名詞或完整主詞。
因此,答案必須能自然引導「無論被描繪得多麼仔細」的讓步結構。
代入選項 C:
the organization chart, no matter how meticulously depicted, doesn’t come close to describing...
句意與文法均完整:
組織圖無論描繪得多麼仔細,都不足以描述辦公室生活的實況。
其中 no matter how meticulously depicted 是插入句,修飾前面的 the organization chart,表示讓步語氣。
選項分析
(A) concerning about
concerning 本身可作介系詞,表示「關於」,但 concerning about 並不是標準搭配。正確形式為:
- concerning the issue
- concerned about the issue
此外,concerning about meticulously depicted 無法形成合乎文法的結構,也沒有「無論多麼仔細描繪」的讓步意思。
因此錯誤。
(B) in spite of
in spite of 表示「儘管」,屬於介系詞片語,後面通常接:
- 名詞:in spite of the difficulty
- 動名詞:in spite of being carefully written
若要接本題的形容詞/副詞程度結構,需有 how,例如:
第 23 題1 分
A nuclear war is ____ to contemplate.
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核心觀念
本題考「too + 形容詞 + a/an + 名詞 + to V」句型。
題幹為:
A nuclear war is ____ to contemplate.
核子戰爭太可怕了,令人不敢想像。
其中:
- nuclear war:核子戰爭
- terrible:可怕的、恐怖的
- contemplate:仔細思考、想像、設想
- too ... to ...:太……而不能……
標準句型為:
too + 形容詞 + a/an + 名詞 + to V
因此完整句子是:
A nuclear war is too terrible a thing to contemplate.
核子戰爭是太可怕的一件事,令人不敢想像。
這裡的 too terrible 並非單純表示「非常可怕」,而是表示「可怕到令人無法/不敢去想像」。
解題方法
看到空格後接 to contemplate,先判斷句意:
「核子戰爭太可怕了,令人無法想像。」
此處需要表達「太……而不能……」,因此應使用:
too + 形容詞 + to V
若句中同時出現可數名詞單數 thing,則必須將冠詞 a 放在形容詞與名詞之間,形成:
too terrible a thing to contemplate
句型排列如下:
所以答案為 (E)。
選項分析
(A) so a terrible thing
so 後面的正確排列不能是:
so + a + 形容詞 + 名詞
so 的正確句型有兩種:
so + 形容詞
- so terrible
so + 形容詞 + a/an + 名詞
- so terrible a thing
因此應為:
so terrible a thing
而不是:
so a terrible thing
本選項冠詞 a 放置位置錯誤。
(B) so terrible such a thing
此選項混用了兩種不同句型:
so terrible a thingsuch a terrible thing
正確形式應分別為:
so terrible a thing
或:
such a terrible thing
不能將 so 與 such a thing 疊加使用,形成 so terrible such a thing。此外,題幹語意需要 too ... to ...,以表達「太可怕而無法想像」,so 並不能直接取代 too。
本選項同時有結構混用與語意不合的問題。
第 24 題1 分
To make the most of his time, Roy systematically listed the things that needed to ____ each day.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 不定詞的被動語態:
- 關係子句中的主動、被動判斷
- need to be + 過去分詞 的句型
句中先行詞為 the things,意思是「那些事情」。事情本身不能主動完成某件事,而是「被完成」,因此需要使用被動語態:
其中:
- need to:需要……
- be:被動語態中的助動成分
- accomplished:完成的,過去分詞
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句為:
Roy systematically listed the things that needed to be accomplished each day.
翻譯:
Roy 有系統地列出每天需要完成的事情。
其中 that needed to be accomplished each day 是修飾 the things 的關係子句:
- the things:事情
- that:指代前面的 things
- needed to be accomplished:需要被完成
- each day:每天
語意上是「事情被完成」,因此必須使用被動形式 to be accomplished。
解題方法
先找出空格前的結構:
the things that needed to ____
空格位於 needed to 之後,因此後面必須接原形動詞或被動不定詞。
接著判斷 the things 與空格動詞的關係:
- 若是「事情主動完成某事」,使用主動語態。
- 若是「某人完成事情」,事情是動作的接受者,使用被動語態。
此處是「每天需要完成的事情」,也就是事情「被完成」,所以結構為:
needed to be accomplished
因此答案為 (D) be accomplished。
選項分析
(A) accomplish
accomplish 是原形動詞,若填入後句子變成:
the things that needed to accomplish each day
此句表示「事情需要完成每天」,把 the things 當成主動執行 accomplish 的主詞,語意不合。正確的主動句應是:
Roy needed to accomplish the things each day.
但原句的結構是「the things that needed to be accomplished」,因此不能使用主動語態。
(B) accomplishing
accomplishing 是現在分詞或動名詞,不能直接接在 needed to 後面。
錯誤結構:
needed to accomplishing
第 25 題1 分
Working at the Taipei office last month, I ____ to travel quite often.
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核心觀念
本題考「過去習慣」的句型:
表示「過去經常或習慣做某事,但現在未必如此」。題幹中的 travel 是原形動詞,因此空格應填入能與 to travel 組成固定句型的 used:
Working at the Taipei office last month, I used to travel quite often.
上個月在台北辦公室工作時,我過去常常需要出差。
其中:
work at the office:在辦公室工作last month:上個月travel quite often:相當常出差/旅行used to travel:過去常常旅行或出差
解題方法
先觀察空格後方已有 to travel。若要表達「過去經常做某事」,應使用:
題幹有 last month,明確指向過去時間;quite often 則表示頻率,符合「過去習慣」的語意。因此完整句子為:
Working at the Taipei office last month, I used to travel quite often.
Working at the Taipei office last month 是分詞片語,修飾主詞 I,意思是「上個月在台北辦公室工作時」。主句的主詞是 I,謂語為 used to travel。
選項分析
(A) use
錯誤。填入後為:
I use to travel quite often.
肯定句表達過去習慣時,必須使用 used to + 原形動詞,不能使用 use to。use to 通常出現在含有 did 的疑問句或否定句中,例如:
Did you use to travel often?I didn’t use to travel often.
在本題的肯定句中應為 used to travel。
(B) used
第 26 題
On Monday, a team led by the World Health Organization began inoculating people in the Democratic Republic of Congo
(A) (B)
against the Ebola virus with an experimental vaccine in attempt to quell an outbreak of the disease that began in early May.
(C) (D) (E)
校方公布看官方參考答案 ▾收合 ▴
began (單純的陳述一件發生在過去的事 had begun (過去完成) 文法上都是可行的。但反觀 attempt 前一定要加an 文法才是正確的 (in an attempt 企圖...) http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/punctuation/hyphen-
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【答案】D
解題依據
句子寫 “in attempt to quell...” 。固定搭配是 “in an attempt to do something”;畫線的 D 處缺少冠詞 an,因此 D 有文法錯誤。
第 27 題1 分
Germans are the most punctual of all peoples. Foreigners arriving late for appointments will be reminded their lateness, which will be seen as a sign of unreliability.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 動詞搭配:remind someone of something
- 被動語態中的介系詞保留
- 關係代名詞 which 的指涉
- 片語與字義判斷
句中:
Foreigners arriving late for appointments will be reminded their lateness, which will be seen as a sign of unreliability.
翻譯為:
外國人若赴約遲到,將會被提醒他們遲到這件事;這會被視為不可靠的表現。
其中「提醒某人某事」的固定用法是:
remind someone of something
因此被動語態應為:
Someone will remind foreigners of their lateness.
Foreigners will be reminded of their lateness.
題目中的 will be reminded their lateness 少了介系詞 of,故錯誤在 (C)。
解題方法
先找句子的主要動詞:
Foreigners ... will be reminded their lateness
will be reminded 是未來式被動語態,結構為:
will + be + 過去分詞
remind 的常見句型為:
remind + 人 + of + 事物
提醒某人某事
主動句:
Germans will remind foreigners of their lateness.
改成被動句時,受詞 foreigners 移到句首,但 of their lateness 仍然必須保留:
Foreigners will be reminded of their lateness.
所以原句的錯誤是 reminded 後缺少 of。
關鍵單字與片語
German:德國人;德國的punctual:準時的of all peoples:在所有民族之中foreigner:外國人arrive late for an appointment:赴約遲到remind A of B:提醒 A Blateness:遲到;遲延be seen as:被視為a sign of:……的徵兆、表現unreliability:不可靠
選項分析
(A) Germans are the most punctual
第 28 題1 分
The Times Company is strongly committed to protecting the environment in all of the communities which it operates, and it continually strives to reduce waste and emissions whenever and wherever it is practical and possible to do so.
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核心觀念
本題是「文法錯誤辨識」,重點包括:
be committed to + V-ing:致力於……strive to + 原形動詞:努力去……- 關係代名詞與介系詞的搭配
whenever and wherever的並列用法practical and possible的形容詞並列
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
The Times Company is strongly committed to protecting the environment in all of the communities which it operates, and it continually strives to reduce waste and emissions whenever and wherever it is practical and possible to do so.
翻譯:
時代公司非常致力於保護其營運所在各社區的環境;只要在時間與地點上切實可行且做得到,公司便持續努力減少廢棄物與排放。
解題方法
先逐一檢查各選項的固定搭配與句法功能:
committed to後面若to是介系詞,必須接名詞或動名詞。strive to後面的to是不定詞符號,接原形動詞。whenever and wherever可用來表示「無論何時何地」或「只要在任何……情況下」。practical and possible是兩個形容詞並列,修飾後面的不定詞片語to do so。
依照高雄醫學大學官方公布答案,本題選 B。官方命題意旨應是將 to protecting 視為搭配錯誤,認為應改為 to protect。然而,按照標準英文文法,be committed to 中的 to 是介系詞,後接動名詞 protecting 才是正確用法。因此本題存在明顯爭議。
選項分析
(A) strongly committed
be strongly committed to ... 是正確搭配,意為「非常致力於……」。
例如:
The company is strongly committed to public safety.
其中 strongly 修飾形容詞 committed,語意與句法皆正確,故 A 不應視為錯誤。
(B) protecting the environment
官方答案選 B,命題者可能認為 committed to 後面應接不定詞,因而主張改成:
is strongly committed to protect the environment
但此改法並非現代標準英文中最自然或最典型的用法。commit oneself to 或 be committed to 的 to 是介系詞,標準搭配為:
be committed to + 名詞/動名詞
因此:
第 29 題1 分
For each sentence, please choose the underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 情態動詞搭配被動語態:
- 「由於……」的片語:
- there be 句型的主詞一致
- 的固定用法
題意為:
The summit could be postponed due to the fact that there has not been any consensus among the representatives. In fact, it is very like to be cancelled.
翻譯:
這場高峰會可能會延期,因為代表之間尚未達成任何共識。事實上,它很可能會被取消。
其中「很可能」應使用 be very likely to V,因此 E 的 like 應改為 likely。
解題方法
先觀察各選項所在的完整句型,再檢查:
- 動詞是否符合主詞與時態
- 被動語態是否完整
- 片語搭配是否正確
- 形容詞與副詞的使用是否符合固定句型
最關鍵的句型是:
例如:
- The meeting is likely to be postponed.
- The summit is very likely to be cancelled.
因此原句的:
it is very like to be cancelled
應為:
it is very likely to be cancelled
like 與 likely 意義及詞性不同,不能互換。
選項分析
(A) The summit could be postponed
此部分正確。
是情態動詞,後面接原形動詞 ; 是被動語態,表示「被延期」。
結構如下:
意為「可能被延期」。
(B) due to the fact that
此部分正確。
表示「由於」,後接名詞或名詞片語; 可將後面的完整子句名詞化,因此:
due to the fact that there has not been any consensus
表示「由於尚未達成任何共識」。
雖然在較精簡的正式英文中,也可直接使用 或 ,但 due to the fact that 在文法上並未錯誤。
(C) there has not been any consensus
第 30 題1 分
For each sentence, please choose the underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 形容詞與名詞的搭配。
blind in one eye的慣用語。another與the other的用法。- 複合形容詞與連字號(hyphen)的使用。
Though所引導的讓步副詞子句。
題幹句子為:
Though he was totally blind in one eye and had only slight vision in another, he became an internationally-renowned pianist.
翻譯:
雖然他一隻眼睛完全失明,另一隻眼睛只有些微視力,他仍成為一位國際知名的鋼琴家。
解題方法
先將句子分成兩部分:
- 讓步副詞子句:
Though he was ... and had ... - 主要子句:
he became an internationally-renowned pianist
接著檢查:
Though後面的子句是否完整。blind in one eye是否為正確搭配。slight vision是否為自然、標準的英文表達。internationally-renowned是否能作為pianist前的複合形容詞。
依本題命題意旨,錯誤點在 C:had only slight vision。較標準的表達應為:
had only limited visionhad very poor visioncould see only slightly
其中以 had only limited vision 最自然。
選項分析
(A) Though he was totally blind
Though 是讓步連接詞,意思是「雖然、儘管」,後面可接完整子句:
Though he was totally blind ...
he was 為完整的主詞與 be 動詞,totally blind 為「完全失明的」,文法正確。
totally 是副詞,修飾形容詞 blind。
(B) in one eye
blind in one eye 是正確慣用語,表示「一隻眼睛失明」。
常見搭配包括:
blind in one eye:一隻眼睛失明blind in both eyes:雙眼失明blind from birth:先天失明
因此,in one eye 用法正確。
(C) and had only slight vision
本題官方答案指定 C。
had only slight vision 的問題在於 slight vision 不是描述「視力很弱」時最標準、自然的搭配。
第 31 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
E-commerce refers to the process of buying or selling products or services over the Internet. It has affected people in many aspects. For example, while e-commerce helps create many new job opportunities, it also causes job losses. The areas with the greatest predicted job-loss are retail, postal, and travel agencies. The development of e-commerce will create jobs that require highly-skilled workers to manage large amounts of information, customer demands, and production processes. In contrast, people with poor technical skills will have fewer job opportunities. On the other hand, because e-commerce requires sufficient stocks that could be delivered to the customers in time, the warehouse becomes an important element. As a result, more staff members are needed to manage, supervise and organize the warehouse to ensure that it functions properly.
E-commerce has also influenced our shopping behavior. For example, it brings convenience for customers as they do not have to leave home and only need to browse the products online, especially for buying those products not sold in nearby shops. It could also help them buy a wider range of items and save them time. Consumers also gain power through online shopping. They are able to research products and compare prices among retailers. Also, online shopping often provides sales promotions or discount codes and thus, it is more price-effective for customers. Moreover, e-commerce can even provide more detailed information about the products than the in-store staff can. Customers can also review and track their order history online.
However, e-commerce lacks human interactions for customers, which is especially problematic for those who prefer face-to-face connection. Customers are also concerned with the security of online transactions and tend to remain loyal to well-known retailers. In recent years, clothing retailers such as Tommy Hilfiger have started adding Virtual Fit platforms to their e-commerce sites to reduce the risk of customers buying wrong-sized clothes. When customers regret the purchase of a product, they need to return the goods and go through the refunding process. It is inconvenient as they need to pack and post the goods. If the products are expensive, large or fragile, it then involves safety issues.
What is the main purpose of the passage?
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核心觀念
本題考「閱讀測驗主旨判斷」。解題重點是掌握文章整體討論對象與各段功能,而不是只抓住某一個細節。
本文主題是 電子商務(e-commerce)對人們造成的各種影響,包括:
- 對就業市場的影響:創造高技術工作,也造成部分工作流失。
- 對購物行為的正面影響:便利、省時、商品選擇多、方便比價。
- 對消費者權力的影響:可查詢資訊、比較價格、使用折扣碼、追蹤訂單。
- 對消費者造成的不便與疑慮:缺乏人際互動、交易安全、退貨麻煩及尺寸不合等問題。
因此,文章不是只談電子商務的優點、缺點或防範方式,而是概括說明它對人們生活與工作的多方面影響。
解題方法
判斷主旨時,可依序觀察:
- 首段提出文章主題。
- 中間各段是否持續圍繞同一主題。
- 選項是否能涵蓋全文,而非只對應某一段。
首段明確指出:
It has affected people in many aspects.
它在許多方面影響了人們。
這句是全文的主旨提示。後文接著分別說明電子商務對就業與購物行為的影響,並同時呈現正面與負面結果。
第二段的開頭也直接標示新的影響面向:
E-commerce has also influenced our shopping behavior.
電子商務也影響了我們的購物行為。
最後一段則補充負面影響:
However, e-commerce lacks human interactions for customers, which is especially problematic for those who prefer face-to-face connection.
然而,電子商務缺乏與顧客之間的人際互動,對偏好面對面交流的人而言尤其成為問題。
由這些關鍵句可知,全文採「分面向說明」的方式,介紹電子商務對人們的多種影響,故選 (B)。
文章中的重要單字與片語
- e-commerce:電子商務
- refer to:指的是
- the process of:……的過程
- over the Internet:透過網際網路
- affect:影響
- in many aspects:在許多方面
- job opportunities:工作機會
- job losses:工作流失、失業
- predicted job-loss:預測中的工作流失
- highly-skilled workers:高技術工人
- manage:管理
- production processes:生產流程
- technical skills:技術能力
- sufficient stocks:充足的庫存
- in time:及時
- warehouse:倉庫
- function properly:正常運作
- shopping behavior:購物行為
- a wide range of items:各式各樣的商品
- price-effective:價格划算的、具價格效益的
- detailed information:詳細資訊
- in-store staff:店內員工
- order history:訂單紀錄
- human interactions:人際互動
- face-to-face connection:面對面交流
- online transactions:線上交易
- remain loyal to:持續忠於、持續支持
- Virtual Fit platforms:虛擬試穿平台
- reduce the risk of:降低……的風險
- wrong-sized clothes:尺寸錯誤的衣物
- refund process:退款流程
- fragile:易碎的
- safety issues:安全問題
文法與語意重點
1. while 表示對比
While e-commerce helps create many new job opportunities, it also causes job losses.
此處 while 表示「雖然……但是……」或「一方面……另一方面……」,用來呈現電子商務的雙重影響:
- 創造新的工作機會;
- 同時造成部分工作流失。
這種正反並陳的寫法,支持文章是在「說明影響」,不是單純讚美或批判電子商務。
2. require + 受詞 + to V
e-commerce requires sufficient stocks that could be delivered to the customers in time
require + 受詞 + to V 表示「要求某人或某事做某事」。此處說明電子商務需要充足庫存,以便及時配送給顧客。
第 32 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
E-commerce refers to the process of buying or selling products or services over the Internet. It has affected people in many aspects. For example, while e-commerce helps create many new job opportunities, it also causes job losses. The areas with the greatest predicted job-loss are retail, postal, and travel agencies. The development of e-commerce will create jobs that require highly-skilled workers to manage large amounts of information, customer demands, and production processes. In contrast, people with poor technical skills will have fewer job opportunities. On the other hand, because e-commerce requires sufficient stocks that could be delivered to the customers in time, the warehouse becomes an important element. As a result, more staff members are needed to manage, supervise and organize the warehouse to ensure that it functions properly.
E-commerce has also influenced our shopping behavior. For example, it brings convenience for customers as they do not have to leave home and only need to browse the products online, especially for buying those products not sold in nearby shops. It could also help them buy a wider range of items and save them time. Consumers also gain power through online shopping. They are able to research products and compare prices among retailers. Also, online shopping often provides sales promotions or discount codes and thus, it is more price-effective for customers. Moreover, e-commerce can even provide more detailed information about the products than the in-store staff can. Customers can also review and track their order history online.
However, e-commerce lacks human interactions for customers, which is especially problematic for those who prefer face-to-face connection. Customers are also concerned with the security of online transactions and tend to remain loyal to well-known retailers. In recent years, clothing retailers such as Tommy Hilfiger have started adding Virtual Fit platforms to their e-commerce sites to reduce the risk of customers buying wrong-sized clothes. When customers regret the purchase of a product, they need to return the goods and go through the refunding process. It is inconvenient as they need to pack and post the goods. If the products are expensive, large or fragile, it then involves safety issues.
According to the passage, which of the following people are most likely to keep their jobs in the era of e-commerce?
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核心觀念
本題是閱讀理解,考查考生能否:
- 找出文章對「電子商務造成的就業影響」之明確敘述。
- 判斷選項是否為原文的同義改寫。
- 區分「工作減少的產業」與「因電子商務而增加人力需求的工作」。
文章指出,電子商務雖然會造成部分工作流失,但也會創造需要高技術與倉儲管理能力的新工作。題目問的是:在電子商務時代,哪一類人最有可能保住工作?
解題方法
先定位第一段中與就業相關的關鍵句:
“The areas with the greatest predicted job-loss are retail, postal, and travel agencies.”
預測工作流失最嚴重的領域是零售業、郵政業與旅行社。
接著文章又說:
“As a result, more staff members are needed to manage, supervise and organize the warehouse to ensure that it functions properly.”
因此,需要更多員工來管理、監督及整理倉庫,以確保倉庫正常運作。
題目問「最有可能保住工作的人」,應選擇文章明確表示「需要更多員工」的職類。因此答案是倉庫職員,即 clerks for warehouses。
關鍵單字與片語
- e-commerce:電子商務
- job opportunity:工作機會
- job loss:工作流失、失業
- predicted:預測的
- retail:零售業
- postal:郵政的
- travel agency:旅行社
- highly-skilled worker:高技術工人
- technical skill:技術能力
- sufficient stock:充足的庫存
- deliver:遞送、交付
- warehouse:倉庫
- manage:管理
- supervise:監督
- organize:整理、組織
- function properly:正常運作
- face-to-face connection:面對面交流
- transaction:交易
- remain loyal to:持續忠於、保持對……的忠誠
- sales promotion:促銷活動
- price-effective:價格划算的、具價格效益的
- refund:退款
- fragile:易碎的
文法與語意重點
- the areas with the greatest predicted job-loss
其中 with 片語修飾 the areas,表示「具有……特徵的領域」;predicted 是過去分詞,修飾 job-loss,意為「預測中的工作流失」。
- because e-commerce requires sufficient stocks that could be delivered to the customers in time
because 引導原因副詞子句,說明倉庫變重要的原因。
that could be delivered to the customers in time 是關係子句,修飾 sufficient stocks,意為「能及時交付給顧客的充足庫存」。
- more staff members are needed to manage, supervise and organize the warehouse
第 33 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
E-commerce refers to the process of buying or selling products or services over the Internet. It has affected people in many aspects. For example, while e-commerce helps create many new job opportunities, it also causes job losses. The areas with the greatest predicted job-loss are retail, postal, and travel agencies. The development of e-commerce will create jobs that require highly-skilled workers to manage large amounts of information, customer demands, and production processes. In contrast, people with poor technical skills will have fewer job opportunities. On the other hand, because e-commerce requires sufficient stocks that could be delivered to the customers in time, the warehouse becomes an important element. As a result, more staff members are needed to manage, supervise and organize the warehouse to ensure that it functions properly.
E-commerce has also influenced our shopping behavior. For example, it brings convenience for customers as they do not have to leave home and only need to browse the products online, especially for buying those products not sold in nearby shops. It could also help them buy a wider range of items and save them time. Consumers also gain power through online shopping. They are able to research products and compare prices among retailers. Also, online shopping often provides sales promotions or discount codes and thus, it is more price-effective for customers. Moreover, e-commerce can even provide more detailed information about the products than the in-store staff can. Customers can also review and track their order history online.
However, e-commerce lacks human interactions for customers, which is especially problematic for those who prefer face-to-face connection. Customers are also concerned with the security of online transactions and tend to remain loyal to well-known retailers. In recent years, clothing retailers such as Tommy Hilfiger have started adding Virtual Fit platforms to their e-commerce sites to reduce the risk of customers buying wrong-sized clothes. When customers regret the purchase of a product, they need to return the goods and go through the refunding process. It is inconvenient as they need to pack and post the goods. If the products are expensive, large or fragile, it then involves safety issues.
Based on the passage, what is the main reason that clothing retailers have recently started adding Virtual Fit platforms to their e-commerce sites?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「原因與目的判斷」。解題關鍵在於辨認文章中說明 Virtual Fit platforms 功能的句子,並將其目的與選項逐一比對。
文中提到:
“In recent years, clothing retailers such as Tommy Hilfiger have started adding Virtual Fit platforms to their e-commerce sites to reduce the risk of customers buying wrong-sized clothes.”
翻譯:近年來,Tommy Hilfiger 等服飾零售商開始在電子商務網站加入 Virtual Fit 平台,以降低顧客買到尺寸錯誤衣物的風險。
其中:
- Virtual Fit platform:虛擬試穿平台
- add A to B:將 A 加入 B
- reduce the risk of...:降低……的風險
- buy wrong-sized clothes:買到尺寸不合的衣服
句中的 to reduce... 是不定詞片語,表示服飾零售商加入 Virtual Fit 平台的「目的」。因此,答案必須符合「降低買錯衣服尺寸的機率」這項功能。
解題方法
先找出題目關鍵字 Virtual Fit platforms,回到文章定位相關句子。該句已直接說明設置這項功能的目的:
“to reduce the risk of customers buying wrong-sized clothes”
將其拆解如下:
- reduce:降低
- the risk:風險、機率
- customers buying wrong-sized clothes:顧客買到錯誤尺寸的衣物
因此,文章主旨是:服飾零售商利用虛擬試穿功能,協助顧客在購買前確認尺寸,減少買錯尺寸的情況。
選項分析
(A) To render the payment process more consumer-friendly.
使付款流程對消費者更加友善。
錯誤。文章並未提到 Virtual Fit 與付款流程有關。Virtual Fit 的用途是協助顧客判斷衣服尺寸,不是簡化付款、增加付款便利性。
(B) To simplify the process of returning goods and refunding.
簡化退貨與退款流程。
第 34 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
E-commerce refers to the process of buying or selling products or services over the Internet. It has affected people in many aspects. For example, while e-commerce helps create many new job opportunities, it also causes job losses. The areas with the greatest predicted job-loss are retail, postal, and travel agencies. The development of e-commerce will create jobs that require highly-skilled workers to manage large amounts of information, customer demands, and production processes. In contrast, people with poor technical skills will have fewer job opportunities. On the other hand, because e-commerce requires sufficient stocks that could be delivered to the customers in time, the warehouse becomes an important element. As a result, more staff members are needed to manage, supervise and organize the warehouse to ensure that it functions properly.
E-commerce has also influenced our shopping behavior. For example, it brings convenience for customers as they do not have to leave home and only need to browse the products online, especially for buying those products not sold in nearby shops. It could also help them buy a wider range of items and save them time. Consumers also gain power through online shopping. They are able to research products and compare prices among retailers. Also, online shopping often provides sales promotions or discount codes and thus, it is more price-effective for customers. Moreover, e-commerce can even provide more detailed information about the products than the in-store staff can. Customers can also review and track their order history online.
However, e-commerce lacks human interactions for customers, which is especially problematic for those who prefer face-to-face connection. Customers are also concerned with the security of online transactions and tend to remain loyal to well-known retailers. In recent years, clothing retailers such as Tommy Hilfiger have started adding Virtual Fit platforms to their e-commerce sites to reduce the risk of customers buying wrong-sized clothes. When customers regret the purchase of a product, they need to return the goods and go through the refunding process. It is inconvenient as they need to pack and post the goods. If the products are expensive, large or fragile, it then involves safety issues.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
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核心觀念
本題是英文閱讀理解,主要考查:
- 能否找出文章中的明確資訊。
- 能否辨識選項是否與原文相符、相反,或加入原文沒有的因果關係。
- 能否掌握轉折語氣,例如
However、also、Moreover。 - 能否判斷比較句、原因句與推論是否成立。
文章第三段直接指出,網路購物能提供比店內員工更詳細的產品資訊,因此答案為 C。
定位答案的原文
原文指出:
E-commerce can even provide more detailed information about the products than the in-store staff can.
翻譯:
電子商務甚至能提供比店內工作人員更詳細的產品資訊。
選項 C:
E-shoppers can gather more detailed information online about the products they want to buy.
翻譯:
網路購物者可以在線上蒐集想購買產品的更詳細資訊。
選項 C 將原文的 provide more detailed information 改寫為 gather more detailed information online,意思一致,因此正確。
關鍵單字與片語
e-commerce:電子商務job opportunities:工作機會job losses:工作流失、失業highly-skilled workers:高技術工人、高技能工作者in contrast:相較之下、相反地sufficient stocks:充足的庫存in time:及時browse the products:瀏覽產品a wider range of items:種類更廣泛的商品price-effective:價格划算的、具價格效益的detailed information:詳細資訊human interactions:人際互動face-to-face connection:面對面的接觸online transactions:線上交易remain loyal to:持續忠於、忠實於well-known retailers:知名零售商refund:退款fragile:易碎的
文法與語意重點
- 比較句
原文:
more detailed information about the products than the in-store staff can
這是比較句,完整意思是:
比店內員工所能提供的資訊更詳細的產品資訊。
than the in-store staff can 中的 can 代替前面已出現的 provide detailed information,避免重複。
- 原因與結果
原文使用:
as they do not have to leave home
意思是「因為他們不必離開家」。as 在此表示原因。
另有:
and thus, it is more price-effective for customers
thus 表示「因此」,前文提到線上購物常有促銷或折扣碼,結果是對消費者而言更划算。
- 轉折語氣
第三段開頭的 However 表示轉折,說明電子商務雖然有許多優點,仍存在缺點,例如缺少人際互動、交易安全疑慮,以及退貨不便。
選項分析
(A) Customers usually find it handy to return the items they don’t like.
翻譯:
顧客通常覺得退回不喜歡的商品很方便。
第 35 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
E-commerce refers to the process of buying or selling products or services over the Internet. It has affected people in many aspects. For example, while e-commerce helps create many new job opportunities, it also causes job losses. The areas with the greatest predicted job-loss are retail, postal, and travel agencies. The development of e-commerce will create jobs that require highly-skilled workers to manage large amounts of information, customer demands, and production processes. In contrast, people with poor technical skills will have fewer job opportunities. On the other hand, because e-commerce requires sufficient stocks that could be delivered to the customers in time, the warehouse becomes an important element. As a result, more staff members are needed to manage, supervise and organize the warehouse to ensure that it functions properly.
E-commerce has also influenced our shopping behavior. For example, it brings convenience for customers as they do not have to leave home and only need to browse the products online, especially for buying those products not sold in nearby shops. It could also help them buy a wider range of items and save them time. Consumers also gain power through online shopping. They are able to research products and compare prices among retailers. Also, online shopping often provides sales promotions or discount codes and thus, it is more price-effective for customers. Moreover, e-commerce can even provide more detailed information about the products than the in-store staff can. Customers can also review and track their order history online.
However, e-commerce lacks human interactions for customers, which is especially problematic for those who prefer face-to-face connection. Customers are also concerned with the security of online transactions and tend to remain loyal to well-known retailers. In recent years, clothing retailers such as Tommy Hilfiger have started adding Virtual Fit platforms to their e-commerce sites to reduce the risk of customers buying wrong-sized clothes. When customers regret the purchase of a product, they need to return the goods and go through the refunding process. It is inconvenient as they need to pack and post the goods. If the products are expensive, large or fragile, it then involves safety issues.
In which of the following publications is this passage most likely to appear?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「文章主旨與文章可能刊登的出版品判斷」。解題重點不是只看某一段,而是判斷全文的:
- 主題:電子商務(e-commerce)
- 內容:電子商務對就業、倉儲、消費行為、價格、資訊、安全及退貨流程的影響
- 文體:客觀介紹與分析電子商務所帶來的優點與問題
文章並非單純推銷某一家商店,也不是專談人際互動、電腦犯罪或電腦買賣,因此應選擇最能容納「電子商務整體影響與商業發展」的出版品。
解題方法
先找出全文主旨。文章第一段說明電子商務對就業市場與倉儲管理的影響;第二段分析它如何改變消費者的購物行為;第三段則討論人際互動不足、交易安全、尺寸問題及退貨不便。
最能代表全文的句子是:
“E-commerce refers to the process of buying or selling products or services over the Internet. It has affected people in many aspects.”
翻譯為:「電子商務是指透過網際網路購買或銷售產品或服務的過程。它在許多方面影響了人們。」
其中 in many aspects 表示「在許多方面」,正好對應後文對就業、倉儲、消費和交易問題的多面向討論。
因此,全文是在介紹電子商務對商業與消費社會的整體影響,最適合刊登於 a magazine about business。
文章中的語意與文法重點
- refer to
“E-commerce refers to the process of buying or selling products or services over the Internet.”
refer to 意為「指的是、涉及」。
the process of + V-ing 表示「……的過程」,因此 the process of buying or selling 是「購買或銷售的過程」。
- while A, B
“While e-commerce helps create many new job opportunities, it also causes job losses.”
while 在此表示「雖然、儘管」,用來呈現對比:
- create job opportunities:創造工作機會
- cause job losses:造成工作流失、失業
- in contrast
“In contrast, people with poor technical skills will have fewer job opportunities.”
in contrast 意為「相較之下、相反地」,用來對比高技術工作者與技術能力不足者的就業前景。
- as a result
“As a result, more staff members are needed to manage, supervise and organize the warehouse…”
as a result 意為「因此、結果」。
前文指出電子商務需要足夠庫存並及時配送,後文因此推論倉儲需要更多人員管理。
- not only… but also… 的語意概念
第二段列出電子商務帶來的多項好處,包括:
- convenience:便利
- browse the products online:在線上瀏覽產品
- a wider range of items:更廣泛的商品種類
- save them time:替他們節省時間
- compare prices:比較價格
- sales promotions:促銷活動
- discount codes:折扣碼
- price-effective:價格上較划算
- detailed information:詳細資訊
- track their order history:追蹤訂單紀錄
- However
“However, e-commerce lacks human interactions for customers…”
however 意為「然而」,標示第三段由優點轉向缺點與風險。
- lack
第 36 題
【題組共用題幹】
Parkinson’s disease was renamed after Dr. James Parkinson, an English physician who first described its symptoms in 1817, by Jean-Martin Charcot, a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. This disease is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. Early in the disease, the most obvious symptoms include shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking.
So far scientists have no idea about what causes the disease, but many believe it involves both genetic and environmental factors. Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves. There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and those who have had prior head injuries, while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea.
There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, but medications may markedly improve the patients’ symptoms. Initial treatments typically involve taking drugs. As the disease progresses, these medications become less effective while producing a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements at the same time. Customized diets and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness on alleviating its symptoms.
This disease usually hits the victims before they or their family observe the symptoms. Also, a detected symptom would usually be ignored or treated improperly. While there is no record of recoveries, little evidence has shown that the disease is a direct contributor to death.
What is the best title for this passage?
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核心觀念
本題考的是閱讀測驗中的「主旨與最佳標題」判斷。最佳標題必須涵蓋全文主要內容,而不能只符合其中一、兩段。
本文四段分別介紹:
- 疾病的命名、定義與早期症狀
- 可能成因與危險/保護因子
- 治療方式與藥物副作用
- 疾病的發現、誤診及預後情形
因此,文章是在概括介紹 Parkinson’s disease 的各個面向,最適合的標題是 Overview of Parkinson’s Disease。
解題方法
判斷標題時,先觀察各段功能,再尋找能統攝全文的概念:
- 第一段:Parkinson’s disease 的歷史背景、疾病性質與症狀
- 第二段:病因尚不明確,以及遺傳、環境等相關因素
- 第三段:藥物、飲食與復健等治療方式
- 第四段:疾病被發現、處理及死亡關聯等預後資訊
全文不只談歷史、病患、研究成果或單一治療面向,而是對疾病作全面性的介紹。因此 overview(概述、概覽)最符合文章範圍。
題幹中可直接定位主旨的內容包括:
“This disease is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system.”
意為:「這種疾病是中樞神經系統的一種長期退化性疾病,主要影響運動系統。」
接著文章又談到:
“So far scientists have no idea about what causes the disease…”
意為:「截至目前,科學家仍不知道造成這種疾病的原因……」
以及:
“There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, but medications may markedly improve the patients’ symptoms.”
意為:「帕金森氏症目前沒有治癒方法,但藥物可能大幅改善病人的症狀。」
這些內容顯示文章涵蓋疾病的定義、病因、症狀、治療與預後,屬於整體性介紹,而非單一主題研究。
關鍵單字與片語
- rename:重新命名
- describe:描述
- symptom:症狀
- degenerative disorder:退化性疾病
- central nervous system:中樞神經系統
- motor system:運動系統
- shaking:顫抖
- rigidity:僵硬
- slowness of movement:動作遲緩
- difficulty with walking:行走困難
- genetic factors:遺傳因素
- environmental factors:環境因素
- be exposed to:暴露於
- pesticide:農藥
- prior head injury:先前的頭部損傷
- reduced risk:降低的風險
- markedly:顯著地、大幅地
- medication:藥物
- involuntary writhing movements:不自主的扭動動作
- customized diet:個人化飲食
- rehabilitation:復健
- alleviate:減輕、緩解
- detected symptom:被察覺的症狀
- improperly:不適當地
- contributor to death:死亡的直接促成因素
文法與語意重點
1. 關係子句
“an English physician who first described its symptoms in 1817”
其中 who first described its symptoms in 1817 是關係子句,修飾前面的 an English physician,意為「一位在 1817 年首次描述其症狀的英國醫師」。
第 37 題
【題組共用題幹】
Parkinson’s disease was renamed after Dr. James Parkinson, an English physician who first described its symptoms in 1817, by Jean-Martin Charcot, a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. This disease is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. Early in the disease, the most obvious symptoms include shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking.
So far scientists have no idea about what causes the disease, but many believe it involves both genetic and environmental factors. Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves. There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and those who have had prior head injuries, while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea.
There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, but medications may markedly improve the patients’ symptoms. Initial treatments typically involve taking drugs. As the disease progresses, these medications become less effective while producing a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements at the same time. Customized diets and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness on alleviating its symptoms.
This disease usually hits the victims before they or their family observe the symptoms. Also, a detected symptom would usually be ignored or treated improperly. While there is no record of recoveries, little evidence has shown that the disease is a direct contributor to death.
According to the passage, which of the following symptoms does NOT occur at the early stages of Parkinson’s disease?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題為閱讀理解與字義辨識,考查考生能否從題幹中找出 Parkinson’s disease(帕金森氏症)早期症狀,並辨認選項與原文描述的對應關係。
題目問:
which of the following symptoms does NOT occur at the early stages of Parkinson’s disease?
下列哪一項症狀不會出現在帕金森氏症的早期階段?
解題關鍵是比對第一段列出的早期症狀:
Early in the disease, the most obvious symptoms include shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking.
在疾病早期,最明顯的症狀包括顫抖、僵硬、動作遲緩以及行走困難。
原文列出四種症狀,並未提到 blurred vision(視力模糊),因此答案為 A。
關鍵單字與片語
- Parkinson’s disease:帕金森氏症
- degenerative disorder:退化性疾病
- central nervous system:中樞神經系統
- motor system:運動系統
- early in the disease:在疾病早期
- symptom:症狀
- shaking:顫抖
- rigidity:僵硬、肌肉僵直
- slowness of movement:動作遲緩
- difficulty with walking:行走困難
- blurred vision:視力模糊
- muscular stiffness:肌肉僵硬
- shaky body parts:身體部位顫抖
- slow movement:動作緩慢
解題方法
先抓住題目中的否定關鍵字 NOT,再回到第一段尋找 early in the disease 後面的症狀清單。
原文症狀與選項的對應如下:
- shaking = shaky body parts
- rigidity = muscular stiffness
- slowness of movement = slow movement
- difficulty with walking = difficulty with walking
第 38 題
【題組共用題幹】
Parkinson’s disease was renamed after Dr. James Parkinson, an English physician who first described its symptoms in 1817, by Jean-Martin Charcot, a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. This disease is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. Early in the disease, the most obvious symptoms include shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking.
So far scientists have no idea about what causes the disease, but many believe it involves both genetic and environmental factors. Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves. There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and those who have had prior head injuries, while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea.
There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, but medications may markedly improve the patients’ symptoms. Initial treatments typically involve taking drugs. As the disease progresses, these medications become less effective while producing a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements at the same time. Customized diets and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness on alleviating its symptoms.
This disease usually hits the victims before they or their family observe the symptoms. Also, a detected symptom would usually be ignored or treated improperly. While there is no record of recoveries, little evidence has shown that the disease is a direct contributor to death.
Based on the passage, which of the following statements is true?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題是英文閱讀理解,主要考:
- 能否掌握文章的關鍵資訊。
- 能否辨認選項是否扭曲原文語意。
- 因果關係與程度副詞的判讀。
- 代名詞與同義改寫,例如:
- reduced risk = 降低風險
- lower the chance = 降低發生機率
- ruled out = 排除
- directly leads to death = 直接導致死亡
文章重點是:帕金森氏症的成因尚未確定,但某些環境因素與生活習慣和罹病風險有關。其中,喝咖啡或茶的人罹病風險較低,因此官方答案選 (E)。
解題方法
閱讀測驗應先找出各選項涉及的文章資訊,再逐一比對原文是否:
- 意思一致;
- 程度相同;
- 因果方向相同;
- 沒有添加原文未提及的內容。
本題定位答案的關鍵句是:
“There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and those who have had prior head injuries, while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea.”
翻譯:
接觸某些殺蟲劑的人,以及過去曾遭受頭部傷害的人,罹病風險也會增加;相較之下,吸菸者以及喝咖啡或茶的人,罹病風險則會降低。
選項 (E) 寫成:
“Consumption of caffeine may lower the chance of developing Parkinson’s disease.”
翻譯:
攝取咖啡因可能降低罹患帕金森氏症的機率。
原文指出「喝咖啡或茶」者的風險降低,而咖啡與茶都是常見的咖啡因來源。因此,依本題的同義推論,(E) 符合文章方向。
關鍵單字與片語
- Parkinson’s disease:帕金森氏症
- degenerative disorder:退化性疾病
- central nervous system:中樞神經系統
- motor system:運動系統
- symptom:症狀
- shaking:顫抖
- rigidity:僵硬
- slowness of movement:動作遲緩
- difficulty with walking:行走困難
- genetic factors:遺傳因素
- environmental factors:環境因素
- be exposed to:暴露於、接觸
- pesticide:殺蟲劑、農藥
- prior head injury:先前的頭部傷害
- reduced risk:降低的風險
- tobacco smoker:菸草吸食者、吸菸者
- medication:藥物
- markedly improve:顯著改善
- as the disease progresses:隨著疾病進展
- become less effective:變得較無效
- involuntary writhing movements:不自主的扭動動作
- rehabilitation:復健
- alleviate symptoms:減輕症狀
- recoveries:康復案例
- direct contributor to death:死亡的直接原因
- lower the chance of developing:降低發生某疾病的機率
文法與語意重點
- while 表示對比
原文中的:
“There is also an increased risk ..., while there is a reduced risk ...”
此處的 while 不是「當……時」,而是「然而、相對地」,用來對比兩種情況:
- 接觸殺蟲劑、曾有頭部傷害:風險增加;
- 吸菸、喝咖啡或茶:風險降低。
- those who ...
“those who drink coffee or tea”
其中 those 指「那些人」,後面的 who drink coffee or tea 是關係子句,修飾 those,意思是「那些喝咖啡或茶的人」。
- risk 與 chance 的同義改寫
- increased risk:風險增加
- reduced risk:風險降低
- lower the chance:降低機率
在閱讀理解中,risk 與 chance 常可依語境互相改寫,但必須維持相同的方向。
- 因果關係不可過度延伸
原文只說某些因素與較高或較低的罹病風險有關,並沒有完整證明這些因素必然直接造成或避免疾病。因此,看到 cause、directly leads to、proved 等強烈表達時,必須特別注意。
選項分析
(A) Parkinson’s disease is an epidemic disease.
帕金森氏症是一種流行性疾病。
錯誤。文章說明帕金森氏症是:
第 39 題
【題組共用題幹】
Parkinson’s disease was renamed after Dr. James Parkinson, an English physician who first described its symptoms in 1817, by Jean-Martin Charcot, a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. This disease is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. Early in the disease, the most obvious symptoms include shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking.
So far scientists have no idea about what causes the disease, but many believe it involves both genetic and environmental factors. Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves. There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and those who have had prior head injuries, while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea.
There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, but medications may markedly improve the patients’ symptoms. Initial treatments typically involve taking drugs. As the disease progresses, these medications become less effective while producing a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements at the same time. Customized diets and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness on alleviating its symptoms.
This disease usually hits the victims before they or their family observe the symptoms. Also, a detected symptom would usually be ignored or treated improperly. While there is no record of recoveries, little evidence has shown that the disease is a direct contributor to death.
Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word “observe” in the 4th paragraph?
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核心觀念
本題考查字義判斷與語境理解,關鍵在於辨認 observe 在句中的正確意思。
observe 常見意思包括:
- 觀察、注意到:observe symptoms
- 遵守:observe the law
- 遵行、奉行(習俗或節日)
本題中 observe 的受詞是 the symptoms,因此是「注意到、察覺症狀」,不是「遵守」。
定位答案的原文與翻譯
This disease usually hits the victims before they or their family observe the symptoms.
本疾病通常在患者本人或家人察覺到症狀之前就已經侵襲患者。
句中 observe the symptoms 意思是「察覺症狀、注意到症狀」,最接近 perceive。
解題方法
先將選項代回原句:
before they or their family perceive the symptoms
意思是「在患者本人或家人察覺症狀之前」,語意自然且符合上下文。
第四段接著說:
Also, a detected symptom would usually be ignored or treated improperly.
此外,已被察覺的症狀通常會被忽視或接受不當治療。
前後文都圍繞「症狀是否被察覺」而談,因此 observe 應解作「察覺、注意到」。
選項分析
(A) cloak
cloak 可作名詞,意為「斗篷」;也可作動詞,意為「掩蓋、遮蔽」。
若代入句中,會變成「在患者或家人掩蓋症狀之前」,不符合文章所述的疾病早期症狀被察覺情形,因此錯誤。
(B) disdain
disdain 意為「鄙視、蔑視」,指對人事物抱持輕蔑態度。
第 40 題
【題組共用題幹】
Parkinson’s disease was renamed after Dr. James Parkinson, an English physician who first described its symptoms in 1817, by Jean-Martin Charcot, a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. This disease is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. Early in the disease, the most obvious symptoms include shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking.
So far scientists have no idea about what causes the disease, but many believe it involves both genetic and environmental factors. Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves. There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and those who have had prior head injuries, while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea.
There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, but medications may markedly improve the patients’ symptoms. Initial treatments typically involve taking drugs. As the disease progresses, these medications become less effective while producing a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements at the same time. Customized diets and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness on alleviating its symptoms.
This disease usually hits the victims before they or their family observe the symptoms. Also, a detected symptom would usually be ignored or treated improperly. While there is no record of recoveries, little evidence has shown that the disease is a direct contributor to death.
According to the passage, the person who coined the term Parkinson’s disease was from _____.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 閱讀理解中的人物身分與國籍判斷
- 關係子句與被動語態的語意
- 專有名詞的命名者與疾病最初描述者之區別
題目問的是:
the person who coined the term Parkinson’s disease
意思是「創造、命名 Parkinson’s disease 這個名稱的人」。
文中提到兩位人物:
- Dr. James Parkinson:最早描述症狀的英國醫師
- Jean-Martin Charcot:重新命名此疾病的法國神經科醫師
因此,必須找出「命名者」的國籍,而非「最早描述疾病者」的國籍。
解題方法
定位文章第一句:
Parkinson’s disease was renamed after Dr. James Parkinson, an English physician who first described its symptoms in 1817, by Jean-Martin Charcot, a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology.
翻譯:
Parkinson’s disease 這個名稱是由 Jean-Martin Charcot 重新命名,以紀念 Dr. James Parkinson;Dr. James Parkinson 是一位英國醫師,於 1817 年首次描述這種疾病的症狀。Jean-Martin Charcot 則是一位法國神經科醫師,也是解剖病理學教授。
句中的關鍵結構是:
- was renamed by Jean-Martin Charcot
「由 Jean-Martin Charcot 重新命名」 - an English physician who first described its symptoms
「一位最早描述其症狀的英國醫師」 - a French neurologist
「一位法國神經科醫師」
題目問「coined the term」的人,也就是 Jean-Martin Charcot。文中明確指出他是 French,所以答案是 France。
語意與文法重點
1. rename after
rename A after B 表示「以 B 的名字重新命名 A」。
例如:
- The building was renamed after the former president.
這棟建築以該名前總統之名重新命名。
文中的:
Parkinson’s disease was renamed after Dr. James Parkinson
表示這個疾病名稱是為了紀念 Dr. James Parkinson 而命名。
2. 被動語態與 by
句型:
主詞 + be 動詞 + 過去分詞 + by + 行為者
例如:
第 41 題
【題組共用題幹】
National Doughnut Day is celebrated annually on the first Friday in June, and this year that fell on Friday, June 1st. This sweet holiday was created in 1938 as a symbol of hope to honor The Salvation Army Donut Lassies who served the sweet treats to soldiers on the frontlines of World War I. And a lot have changed in the world of doughnuts since then.
According to Angie Goldberg, the Chief Marketing Officer at Dawn Foods, a global bakery manufacturer, Generation Z and millennial doughnut lovers look for exotic flavors in their doughnuts. In fact, 82% are interested in trying flavors like pickle, sriracha and s’mores.
Here are the top adventurous flavors according to a Dawn Foods survey:
- S’mores (29%)
- Mango (18%)
- Alcohol-inspired (17%)
- Breakfast Cereal, Bacon-infused and Peanut Butter & Jelly (three-way tie with 16%)
Even so, tried-and-true flavors remain beloved among the general population. That is, more than 50% prefer ________ like chocolate (22%), plain (16%) and old-fashioned (13%). For what it’s worth, this Generation Y doughnut lover prefers glazed doughnuts over all other flavors.
On National Doughnut Day 2018, some chains offered a free doughnut or something else for free. For instance, on National Doughnut Day between 5 and 10 a.m. this year, the customers who purchased a dispensed beverage at any of Cumberland Farms’ newly-remodeled store locations throughout the Northeast and Florida also received a free doughnut. Doughnut flavors ranged from blueberry cake to cocoa and hazelnut-filled to chocolate-frosted. National Doughnut Day 2018 was definitely a tasty holiday for the doughnut lovers seeking freebies.
Which of the following titles can best describe the passage?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨判斷」與「文章標題選擇」。判斷標題時,須掌握全文主要內容,而非只注意其中一段的細節。正確標題應能涵蓋文章的核心主題,不能只描述局部資訊。
本文主要介紹 National Doughnut Day(國家甜甜圈日) 的由來、現代甜甜圈口味的趨勢,以及當天商家的免費甜甜圈活動。
解題方法
閱讀各段可整理出以下架構:
- 第一段:介紹國家甜甜圈日的日期、創設年份與歷史由來。
- 第二至四段:說明不同世代對甜甜圈口味的偏好,包括創新口味與經典口味。
- 第五段:介紹 2018 年國家甜甜圈日的促銷活動。
文章雖然談到 Generation Z、millennials、Generation Y 及各種甜甜圈口味,但這些內容都是用來補充說明國家甜甜圈日的相關現象。全文的共同主軸是 National Doughnut Day。
定位主旨的關鍵句是:
“National Doughnut Day is celebrated annually on the first Friday in June...”
翻譯為:「國家甜甜圈日每年在六月的第一個星期五慶祝……」
文章最後也再次回到這個主題:
“National Doughnut Day 2018 was definitely a tasty holiday for the doughnut lovers seeking freebies.”
翻譯為:「對於尋找免費贈品的甜甜圈愛好者而言,2018 年的國家甜甜圈日確實是一個美味的節日。」
因此,最能概括全文的標題是 The National Doughnut Day。
選項分析
(A) Doughnut Flavors at Dawn Foods
意為「Dawn Foods 的甜甜圈口味」。
文中確實提到 Dawn Foods 的調查及甜甜圈口味,例如 s’mores、mango、alcohol-inspired 等,但這只是文章中間部分的資料,無法涵蓋國家甜甜圈日的歷史起源與商家促銷活動,因此範圍過窄,錯誤。
(B) Preferences of Diverse Generations
意為「不同世代的偏好」。
文章提到 Generation Z、millennials 與 Generation Y 的甜甜圈口味偏好,但世代偏好只是用來說明甜甜圈消費趨勢,並非全文主旨。此標題忽略了國家甜甜圈日的由來及慶祝活動,因此錯誤。
(C) The Most Popular Doughnut Shops
意為「最受歡迎的甜甜圈店」。
文章沒有比較哪些甜甜圈店最受歡迎,也沒有提供店家排名。第五段提到 Cumberland Farms,只是作為國家甜甜圈日促銷活動的例子,並非介紹甜甜圈店本身,因此錯誤。
(D) The National Doughnut Day
意為「國家甜甜圈日」。
本文從國家甜甜圈日的歷史開始,接著介紹節日期間受到關注的甜甜圈口味與消費者偏好,最後說明商家的節日優惠。此標題涵蓋全文內容,且與首段主題句及末段總結句相互呼應,正確。
(E) The Origin of Doughnuts
意為「甜甜圈的起源」。
第 42 題
【題組共用題幹】
National Doughnut Day is celebrated annually on the first Friday in June, and this year that fell on Friday, June 1st. This sweet holiday was created in 1938 as a symbol of hope to honor The Salvation Army Donut Lassies who served the sweet treats to soldiers on the frontlines of World War I. And a lot have changed in the world of doughnuts since then.
According to Angie Goldberg, the Chief Marketing Officer at Dawn Foods, a global bakery manufacturer, Generation Z and millennial doughnut lovers look for exotic flavors in their doughnuts. In fact, 82% are interested in trying flavors like pickle, sriracha and s’mores.
Here are the top adventurous flavors according to a Dawn Foods survey:
- S’mores (29%)
- Mango (18%)
- Alcohol-inspired (17%)
- Breakfast Cereal, Bacon-infused and Peanut Butter & Jelly (three-way tie with 16%)
Even so, tried-and-true flavors remain beloved among the general population. That is, more than 50% prefer ________ like chocolate (22%), plain (16%) and old-fashioned (13%). For what it’s worth, this Generation Y doughnut lover prefers glazed doughnuts over all other flavors.
On National Doughnut Day 2018, some chains offered a free doughnut or something else for free. For instance, on National Doughnut Day between 5 and 10 a.m. this year, the customers who purchased a dispensed beverage at any of Cumberland Farms’ newly-remodeled store locations throughout the Northeast and Florida also received a free doughnut. Doughnut flavors ranged from blueberry cake to cocoa and hazelnut-filled to chocolate-frosted. National Doughnut Day 2018 was definitely a tasty holiday for the doughnut lovers seeking freebies.
Based on the passage, which of the following flavors is the most popular?
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核心觀念
本題是英文閱讀理解,考查:
- 根據文章中的數據判斷最高比例
- 辨識不同調查對象與口味分類
- 由上下文判斷
most popular所指的範圍 - 關鍵單字、片語與比較語意
題目問:「根據文章,下列哪一種口味最受歡迎?」
文中列出年輕族群偏好的冒險口味比例:
- S’mores:29%
- Mango:18%
- Alcohol-inspired:17%
- Bacon-infused:16%
- Peanut Butter & Jelly:16%
其中最高比例是 29%,因此答案為 S’mores。
定位答案的原文
S’mores (29%)
翻譯為:「S’mores,占 29%。」
此外,文章也指出:
Generation Z and millennial doughnut lovers look for exotic flavors in their doughnuts.
翻譯為:「Z 世代與千禧世代的甜甜圈愛好者,會在甜甜圈中尋找異國風味。」
因此,選項所列口味應對照這項針對年輕世代、冒險口味的調查數據。最高比例為 S’mores。
解題方法
先確認題目詢問的是「哪種口味最受歡迎」,再找文章中所有選項對應的百分比:
所以:
是五個選項中比例最高者。
文中另一段提到一般大眾偏好的傳統口味:
more than 50% prefer tried-and-true flavors like chocolate (22%), plain (16%) and old-fashioned (13%).
翻譯為:「超過 50% 的人偏好經典口味,例如巧克力 22%、原味 16%,以及老式口味 13%。」
這段是在說一般人口味偏好,並非五個選項所列的冒險口味比較;而且五個選項中只有 S’mores、Mango、Alcohol-inspired、Bacon-infused、Peanut Butter & Jelly,並沒有 chocolate、plain 或 old-fashioned。因此作答時應以選項所對應的調查表為主。
選項分析
(A) Alcohol-inspired
alcohol-inspired 意為「以酒精飲品為靈感的」,例如酒類風味甜甜圈。文章數據為 17%,低於 S’mores 的 29%,因此錯誤。
第 43 題
【題組共用題幹】
National Doughnut Day is celebrated annually on the first Friday in June, and this year that fell on Friday, June 1st. This sweet holiday was created in 1938 as a symbol of hope to honor The Salvation Army Donut Lassies who served the sweet treats to soldiers on the frontlines of World War I. And a lot have changed in the world of doughnuts since then.
According to Angie Goldberg, the Chief Marketing Officer at Dawn Foods, a global bakery manufacturer, Generation Z and millennial doughnut lovers look for exotic flavors in their doughnuts. In fact, 82% are interested in trying flavors like pickle, sriracha and s’mores.
Here are the top adventurous flavors according to a Dawn Foods survey:
- S’mores (29%)
- Mango (18%)
- Alcohol-inspired (17%)
- Breakfast Cereal, Bacon-infused and Peanut Butter & Jelly (three-way tie with 16%)
Even so, tried-and-true flavors remain beloved among the general population. That is, more than 50% prefer ________ like chocolate (22%), plain (16%) and old-fashioned (13%). For what it’s worth, this Generation Y doughnut lover prefers glazed doughnuts over all other flavors.
On National Doughnut Day 2018, some chains offered a free doughnut or something else for free. For instance, on National Doughnut Day between 5 and 10 a.m. this year, the customers who purchased a dispensed beverage at any of Cumberland Farms’ newly-remodeled store locations throughout the Northeast and Florida also received a free doughnut. Doughnut flavors ranged from blueberry cake to cocoa and hazelnut-filled to chocolate-frosted. National Doughnut Day 2018 was definitely a tasty holiday for the doughnut lovers seeking freebies.
Which of the following statements about the National Doughnut Day is correct?
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核心觀念
本題為英文閱讀理解,考查:
- 細節定位:能否從文章中找出與選項相符的資訊。
- 時間與頻率判讀:如 annually、every two years、between 5 and 10 a.m.。
- 因果與語意辨識:分辨 National Doughnut Day 的成立背景,以及當年舉辦的優惠活動。
- 同義推論:將文中的 chains 依上下文推論為甜甜圈店或連鎖甜甜圈店。
關鍵單字與片語
- celebrate:慶祝
- annually:每年地
- fall on+日期:適逢、落在某一天
- symbol of hope:希望的象徵
- honor:紀念、向……致敬
- frontlines:前線
- exotic flavors:異國/新奇口味
- adventurous flavors:大膽、新奇的口味
- tried-and-true flavors:經典且廣受驗證的口味
- general population:一般大眾
- chain:連鎖商店、連鎖店
- freebie:免費贈品
- dispensed beverage:現場供應的飲料
- range from A to B:範圍從 A 到 B
- in memory of:為紀念……
解題方法
先找出文章中與節日特色及 2018 年活動有關的句子:
“National Doughnut Day is celebrated annually on the first Friday in June…”
意思是:「國家甜甜圈日每年都在六月的第一個星期五慶祝。」
因此可先排除把頻率說成「每兩年一次」的選項。
文章又提到:
“On National Doughnut Day 2018, some chains offered a free doughnut or something else for free.”
意思是:「在 2018 年國家甜甜圈日,有些連鎖店提供免費甜甜圈或其他免費物品。」
此句直接支持「有些甜甜圈店在當天提供免費贈品」。依校方釋疑,前文已明確說明這是甜甜圈節,後文的 chains 可根據上下文推論為甜甜圈店或甜甜圈連鎖店,因此選 D。
選項分析
(A) Cumberland Farms’ provided free doughnuts at noon on the holiday this year.
錯誤。
文章明確指出:
“between 5 and 10 a.m. this year”
意思是:「今年上午五點到十點之間。」
Cumberland Farms 是在顧客購買飲料時贈送免費甜甜圈,時間是上午 5 點至 10 點,不是 at noon「中午」。
此外,選項中的 Cumberland Farms’ provided 文法也不正確;若 Cumberland Farms 作為單一店家名稱,應寫作 Cumberland Farms provided。
第 44 題
【題組共用題幹】
National Doughnut Day is celebrated annually on the first Friday in June, and this year that fell on Friday, June 1st. This sweet holiday was created in 1938 as a symbol of hope to honor The Salvation Army Donut Lassies who served the sweet treats to soldiers on the frontlines of World War I. And a lot have changed in the world of doughnuts since then.
According to Angie Goldberg, the Chief Marketing Officer at Dawn Foods, a global bakery manufacturer, Generation Z and millennial doughnut lovers look for exotic flavors in their doughnuts. In fact, 82% are interested in trying flavors like pickle, sriracha and s’mores.
Here are the top adventurous flavors according to a Dawn Foods survey:
- S’mores (29%)
- Mango (18%)
- Alcohol-inspired (17%)
- Breakfast Cereal, Bacon-infused and Peanut Butter & Jelly (three-way tie with 16%)
Even so, tried-and-true flavors remain beloved among the general population. That is, more than 50% prefer ________ like chocolate (22%), plain (16%) and old-fashioned (13%). For what it’s worth, this Generation Y doughnut lover prefers glazed doughnuts over all other flavors.
On National Doughnut Day 2018, some chains offered a free doughnut or something else for free. For instance, on National Doughnut Day between 5 and 10 a.m. this year, the customers who purchased a dispensed beverage at any of Cumberland Farms’ newly-remodeled store locations throughout the Northeast and Florida also received a free doughnut. Doughnut flavors ranged from blueberry cake to cocoa and hazelnut-filled to chocolate-frosted. National Doughnut Day 2018 was definitely a tasty holiday for the doughnut lovers seeking freebies.
In the 4th paragraph, which of the following words best fits the blank?
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核心觀念
本題考「克漏字的語意判斷」與「名詞搭配」。空格位於:
Even so, tried-and-true flavors remain beloved among the general population. That is, more than 50% prefer ________ like chocolate (22%), plain (16%) and old-fashioned (13%).
前文介紹年輕世代喜歡 pickle、sriracha、s’mores 等冒險口味;本段則轉折指出,一般大眾仍喜愛經典、傳統的甜甜圈口味。因此空格應填入表示「經典口味」的複數名詞。
關鍵單字與片語
- annually:每年地
- celebrate:慶祝
- annually:每年地
- symbol of hope:希望的象徵
- honor:向……致敬
- frontline:前線
- exotic flavors:異國風味、特殊口味
- adventurous flavors:大膽創新的口味
- survey:調查
- tried-and-true:經得起考驗的、歷久不衰的
- beloved:深受喜愛的
- general population:一般大眾
- prefer A over B:偏好 A 勝過 B
- freebies:免費贈品、免費物品
解題方法
關鍵在片語:
tried-and-true flavors remain beloved
歷久不衰的口味仍然深受喜愛。
接著文章以 chocolate、plain、old-fashioned 作為例子。這些都是傳統且普遍的甜甜圈口味,因此空格應為能概括這些口味的名詞:
more than 50% prefer classics like chocolate, plain and old-fashioned.
第 45 題
【題組共用題幹】
National Doughnut Day is celebrated annually on the first Friday in June, and this year that fell on Friday, June 1st. This sweet holiday was created in 1938 as a symbol of hope to honor The Salvation Army Donut Lassies who served the sweet treats to soldiers on the frontlines of World War I. And a lot have changed in the world of doughnuts since then.
According to Angie Goldberg, the Chief Marketing Officer at Dawn Foods, a global bakery manufacturer, Generation Z and millennial doughnut lovers look for exotic flavors in their doughnuts. In fact, 82% are interested in trying flavors like pickle, sriracha and s’mores.
Here are the top adventurous flavors according to a Dawn Foods survey:
- S’mores (29%)
- Mango (18%)
- Alcohol-inspired (17%)
- Breakfast Cereal, Bacon-infused and Peanut Butter & Jelly (three-way tie with 16%)
Even so, tried-and-true flavors remain beloved among the general population. That is, more than 50% prefer ________ like chocolate (22%), plain (16%) and old-fashioned (13%). For what it’s worth, this Generation Y doughnut lover prefers glazed doughnuts over all other flavors.
On National Doughnut Day 2018, some chains offered a free doughnut or something else for free. For instance, on National Doughnut Day between 5 and 10 a.m. this year, the customers who purchased a dispensed beverage at any of Cumberland Farms’ newly-remodeled store locations throughout the Northeast and Florida also received a free doughnut. Doughnut flavors ranged from blueberry cake to cocoa and hazelnut-filled to chocolate-frosted. National Doughnut Day 2018 was definitely a tasty holiday for the doughnut lovers seeking freebies.
What does the phrase, “three-way tie,” mean?
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核心觀念
本題考查英文片語 three-way tie 的語意。
- tie 作名詞時,指「平手、同分、並列」。
- three-way 指「三方的、三者之間的」。
- 因此,three-way tie 是「三者同分、三者並列」之意。
題目中的百分比是:
- Breakfast Cereal:16%
- Bacon-infused:16%
- Peanut Butter & Jelly:16%
三種口味的支持率完全相同,因此形成 three-way tie。
解題方法
定位題幹中的關鍵句:
Breakfast Cereal, Bacon-infused and Peanut Butter & Jelly (three-way tie with 16%)
翻譯為:
早餐穀片口味、培根口味,以及花生醬與果醬口味,三者以 16% 的比例並列。
括號中的 three-way tie with 16% 修飾前面的三種口味,表示這三種口味都獲得 16% 的比例,並列該項調查結果。
因此,three-way tie 的意思是「三個相同的分數」,選擇 (E)。
選項分析
(A) the combination of three flavors(三種口味的組合)
錯誤。這表示把三種口味混合或組合在一起,重點是「組合」;但 tie 並不是「混合」,而是「平手、同分」。題目是三種口味的比例相同,不是將三種口味合併成一種口味。
(B) the sum of three scores(三個分數的總和)
錯誤。sum 是「總和」,表示將數值相加。本題的 16% 是三種口味各自的比例,並非將三個 16% 相加為 48%。
(C) the third place winner(第三名得主)
第 46 題
【題組共用題幹】
About 30% to 40% of American adults have a condition that has no visible signs and rarely causes symptoms, but can raise the risk of heart disease, diabetes, cirrhosis and liver cancer. It’s called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. And as American waistlines continue to expand, the prevalence of this dangerous condition is growing as well.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, or NAFLD, is an umbrella term. Most people with NAFLD have what’s known as simple fatty liver, which means that more than 5% of the liver is made up of fat cells. (Fat in the liver can also be a product of heavy alcohol use, which is known as alcoholic fatty liver disease.)
Like fat accumulation in the rest of the body, this condition is often related to obesity, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle. Excess weight also seems to make genetic risk factors worse. A recent study published in Nature Genetics found that people with a high-risk variant of the PNPLA3 gene were much more likely to have fatty liver disease if they were obese than if they were thin.
People with simple fatty liver don’t have inflammation or scarring in their liver and don’t appear to be at high risk for liver complications. But the condition affects insulin sensitivity and puts people at higher risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
What is the most possible purpose of this passage?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「文章寫作目的」(author’s purpose)。判斷重點不是只看單一句子的內容,而是觀察全文主要在做什麼:
- to entertain:娛樂、逗趣,使讀者感到有趣。
- to compare:比較兩個以上事物的異同。
- to inform:提供知識、事實或解釋,使讀者了解某主題。
- to object:反對、抗議某種主張或現象。
- to persuade:說服讀者接受某種立場或採取行動。
本文以客觀、科學性的語氣介紹非酒精性脂肪肝(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)的定義、成因、基因風險及健康影響,主要目的就是「提供資訊」,因此答案為 (C) To inform。
解題方法
先掌握全文主題,再觀察文章功能:
- 第一段指出 NAFLD 的盛行率與危險性。
- 第二段解釋 NAFLD 的定義,並區分 alcoholic fatty liver disease。
- 第三段說明肥胖、飲食、缺乏運動及基因等相關因素。
- 第四段介紹 simple fatty liver 對胰島素敏感性、糖尿病及心血管疾病的影響。
全文沒有故事、笑點或情緒性描述,也沒有要求讀者支持某個立場或採取行動;文章是以事實與研究結果為主,進行醫學知識說明。
最能直接定位答案的是第二段:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, or NAFLD, is an umbrella term.
非酒精性脂肪肝,或稱 NAFLD,是一個總稱。
以及全文對疾病成因與影響的說明。這些內容都在幫助讀者了解 NAFLD,而非娛樂、比較或說服讀者。
關鍵單字與片語
- condition:疾病;健康狀況
- visible signs:可見徵兆
- rarely causes symptoms:很少造成症狀
- raise the risk of:提高……的風險
- heart disease:心臟病
- diabetes:糖尿病
- cirrhosis:肝硬化
- liver cancer:肝癌
- waistlines continue to expand:腰圍持續增加
- prevalence:盛行率
- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:非酒精性脂肪肝
- umbrella term:總稱;涵蓋多種情況的統稱
- simple fatty liver:單純性脂肪肝
- be made up of:由……組成
- heavy alcohol use:大量飲酒
- alcoholic fatty liver disease:酒精性脂肪肝
- fat accumulation:脂肪堆積
- sedentary lifestyle:久坐的生活型態
- genetic risk factors:遺傳風險因子
- variant:變異;變異型
- be more likely to:更有可能……
- inflammation:發炎
- scarring:疤痕化;纖維化
- insulin sensitivity:胰島素敏感性
- cardiovascular disease:心血管疾病
文法與語意重點
- that 引導關係子句
a condition that has no visible signs and rarely causes symptoms
that 修飾前面的 condition,表示「沒有明顯徵兆且很少造成症狀的疾病」。
- but 連接轉折
第 47 題
【題組共用題幹】
About 30% to 40% of American adults have a condition that has no visible signs and rarely causes symptoms, but can raise the risk of heart disease, diabetes, cirrhosis and liver cancer. It’s called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. And as American waistlines continue to expand, the prevalence of this dangerous condition is growing as well.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, or NAFLD, is an umbrella term. Most people with NAFLD have what’s known as simple fatty liver, which means that more than 5% of the liver is made up of fat cells. (Fat in the liver can also be a product of heavy alcohol use, which is known as alcoholic fatty liver disease.)
Like fat accumulation in the rest of the body, this condition is often related to obesity, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle. Excess weight also seems to make genetic risk factors worse. A recent study published in Nature Genetics found that people with a high-risk variant of the PNPLA3 gene were much more likely to have fatty liver disease if they were obese than if they were thin.
People with simple fatty liver don’t have inflammation or scarring in their liver and don’t appear to be at high risk for liver complications. But the condition affects insulin sensitivity and puts people at higher risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Which of the following titles can best describe the passage?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨與標題判斷」。判斷文章標題時,應掌握:
- 文章反覆出現的核心疾病或主題。
- 各段之間的共同關聯。
- 選項是否能涵蓋全文,而非只對應其中一個細節。
本文主題是非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD),並強調其與肥胖、飲食不良及久坐生活型態的關係。
文章重點與定位句
第一段指出:
“And as American waistlines continue to expand, the prevalence of this dangerous condition is growing as well.”
意思是:「隨著美國人的腰圍持續增加,這種危險疾病的盛行率也在上升。」
第三段進一步說明:
“Like fat accumulation in the rest of the body, this condition is often related to obesity, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle.”
意思是:「如同身體其他部位的脂肪堆積,這種疾病通常與肥胖、不良飲食及久坐的生活型態有關。」
其中,與正確答案最直接相關的是 related to obesity。文章不只介紹 NAFLD 的定義,也說明肥胖會增加脂肪肝的發生風險,甚至會加重基因變異所帶來的風險。
關鍵單字與片語
- condition:疾病;健康狀況
- visible signs:可見徵兆
- rarely causes symptoms:很少造成症狀
- raise the risk of:提高……的風險
- heart disease:心臟病
- diabetes:糖尿病
- cirrhosis:肝硬化
- liver cancer:肝癌
- prevalence:盛行率
- expand:擴大;增加
- umbrella term:總稱;統稱
- simple fatty liver:單純性脂肪肝
- be made up of:由……組成
- heavy alcohol use:大量飲酒
- accumulation:累積;堆積
- obesity:肥胖
- poor diet:不良飲食
- sedentary lifestyle:久坐的生活型態
- genetic risk factor:遺傳風險因子
- high-risk variant:高風險變異
- be much more likely to:更有可能……
- inflammation:發炎
- scarring:疤痕化;纖維化
- insulin sensitivity:胰島素敏感度
- cardiovascular disease:心血管疾病
文法與語意重點
第一段的句子:
“It’s called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.”
其中 be called + 名詞 表示「被稱為……」。
第三段的句子:
“People with a high-risk variant of the PNPLA3 gene were much more likely to have fatty liver disease if they were obese than if they were thin.”
句型為:
第 48 題
【題組共用題幹】
About 30% to 40% of American adults have a condition that has no visible signs and rarely causes symptoms, but can raise the risk of heart disease, diabetes, cirrhosis and liver cancer. It’s called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. And as American waistlines continue to expand, the prevalence of this dangerous condition is growing as well.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, or NAFLD, is an umbrella term. Most people with NAFLD have what’s known as simple fatty liver, which means that more than 5% of the liver is made up of fat cells. (Fat in the liver can also be a product of heavy alcohol use, which is known as alcoholic fatty liver disease.)
Like fat accumulation in the rest of the body, this condition is often related to obesity, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle. Excess weight also seems to make genetic risk factors worse. A recent study published in Nature Genetics found that people with a high-risk variant of the PNPLA3 gene were much more likely to have fatty liver disease if they were obese than if they were thin.
People with simple fatty liver don’t have inflammation or scarring in their liver and don’t appear to be at high risk for liver complications. But the condition affects insulin sensitivity and puts people at higher risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Based on the passage, which of the following factors will NOT result in fatty liver?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「因果關係判斷」。題目詢問哪一項不會導致脂肪肝,必須從文章中找出與 fatty liver disease 相關的成因,再排除能造成脂肪肝的因素。
文章明確指出,脂肪肝通常與下列因素有關:
- obesity:肥胖
- poor diet:不良飲食
- sedentary lifestyle:久坐、不運動的生活型態
- heavy alcohol use:大量飲酒
至於 insulin sensitivity(胰島素敏感性),文章描述的是脂肪肝造成的影響,而不是脂肪肝的成因。
解題方法
定位文章第三段與第四段:
Like fat accumulation in the rest of the body, this condition is often related to obesity, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle.
翻譯:
如同身體其他部位的脂肪堆積,這種疾病通常與肥胖、不良飲食及久坐的生活型態有關。
此句直接對應選項:
- obesity
- poor diet
- sedentary lifestyle
文章第一、二段另指出:
Fat in the liver can also be a product of heavy alcohol use, which is known as alcoholic fatty liver disease.
翻譯:
肝臟中的脂肪也可能是大量飲酒所造成的結果,這種情況稱為酒精性脂肪肝。
因此,heavy alcohol use 也會造成脂肪肝。
最後,第四段提到:
But the condition affects insulin sensitivity and puts people at higher risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
翻譯:
但是,這種疾病會影響胰島素敏感性,並使患者罹患糖尿病及心血管疾病的風險提高。
這裡的語意是「脂肪肝影響胰島素敏感性」,不是「低胰島素敏感性造成脂肪肝」。因此答案為 B。
選項分析
(A) heavy alcohol use 大量飲酒
錯誤選項。文章明確說明,肝臟脂肪可能是大量飲酒造成的結果,形成 alcoholic fatty liver disease。因此大量飲酒會導致脂肪肝。
(B) low insulin sensitivity 胰島素敏感性低
正確答案。文章只說脂肪肝會影響 insulin sensitivity,並增加糖尿病及心血管疾病風險;文章沒有把 low insulin sensitivity 列為脂肪肝的成因。
本選項的陷阱在於,脂肪肝與胰島素阻抗確實常有關聯,但依本題文章的因果方向,胰島素敏感性降低是脂肪肝相關的生理變化或結果,並非本文所列的導致因素。
(C) obesity 肥胖
錯誤選項。文章明確指出脂肪肝通常與 obesity 有關。此外,肥胖還會加重 PNPLA3 基因高風險變異所帶來的脂肪肝風險:
people with a high-risk variant of the PNPLA3 gene were much more likely to have fatty liver disease if they were obese than if they were t
第 49 題
【題組共用題幹】
About 30% to 40% of American adults have a condition that has no visible signs and rarely causes symptoms, but can raise the risk of heart disease, diabetes, cirrhosis and liver cancer. It’s called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. And as American waistlines continue to expand, the prevalence of this dangerous condition is growing as well.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, or NAFLD, is an umbrella term. Most people with NAFLD have what’s known as simple fatty liver, which means that more than 5% of the liver is made up of fat cells. (Fat in the liver can also be a product of heavy alcohol use, which is known as alcoholic fatty liver disease.)
Like fat accumulation in the rest of the body, this condition is often related to obesity, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle. Excess weight also seems to make genetic risk factors worse. A recent study published in Nature Genetics found that people with a high-risk variant of the PNPLA3 gene were much more likely to have fatty liver disease if they were obese than if they were thin.
People with simple fatty liver don’t have inflammation or scarring in their liver and don’t appear to be at high risk for liver complications. But the condition affects insulin sensitivity and puts people at higher risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Which of the following statements CANNOT be inferred from the passage?
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核心觀念
本題考「閱讀理解中的合理推論」,重點是區分:
- 文章明確陳述的事實
- 可由上下文合理推導的結論
- 文章沒有提供、不可擴大解讀的資訊
關鍵疾病為 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD,非酒精性脂肪肝疾病)。文章說明 NAFLD 通常沒有明顯症狀,卻會提高心臟病、糖尿病、肝硬化與肝癌的風險。
解題方法
逐一將選項與文章中的相關句子比對,特別注意:
- 選項是否把「提高風險」誤讀成「已經罹患」。
- 選項的主詞與文章主詞是否一致。
- 選項是否把文章針對特定類型的描述,擴大成所有病例。
- 「cannot be inferred」要找的是文章無法支持的敘述。
本題最關鍵的定位句是:
About 30% to 40% of American adults have a condition that has no visible signs and rarely causes symptoms, but can raise the risk of heart disease, diabetes, cirrhosis and liver cancer.
翻譯:大約 30% 至 40%的美國成年人患有一種沒有明顯外觀徵兆、很少引起症狀,但可能提高心臟病、糖尿病、肝硬化與肝癌風險的疾病。
文章只說 NAFLD 會「提高罹患肝癌的風險」,並未說 30%至 40%的美國成年人「已經罹患肝癌」。
選項分析
(A) Almost one third of American adults suffer from liver cancer.
幾乎三分之一的美國成年人罹患肝癌。
錯誤,且是本題答案。
文章中的 30%至 40%是指患有 NAFLD 的美國成年人比例,不是罹患肝癌的比例。文章只說 NAFLD 可能提高肝癌風險:
- have a condition:患有某種疾病
- raise the risk of liver cancer:提高肝癌風險
- suffer from liver cancer:罹患肝癌
「提高風險」不等於「已經罹患」。因此,不能由文章推論幾乎三分之一的美國成年人患有肝癌。
(B) People with simple fatty liver often do not know that they have health problems.
患有單純性脂肪肝的人通常不知道自己有健康問題。
正確,可以推論。
文章指出 NAFLD:
has no visible signs and rarely causes symptoms
翻譯:沒有明顯徵兆,且很少引起症狀。
沒有症狀、外表也看不出來,患者自然可能不知道自己患有相關疾病。因此此選項符合文章內容。
(C) Obese people with the variant of the PNPLA3 gene are more likely to have fatty liver disease.
帶有 PNPLA3 基因變異的肥胖者較可能罹患脂肪肝疾病。
正確,文章有直接依據:
people with a high-risk variant of the PNPLA3 gene were much more likely to have fatty liver disease if they were obese than if they were thin.
翻譯:帶有 PNPLA3 高風險變異的人,若屬於肥胖者,罹患脂肪肝疾病的可能性遠高於身材瘦的人。
選項將文章的比較關係直接改寫,意思一致。
(D) People with NAFLD are unlikely to be high-risk populations for liver complications.
NAFLD 患者不太可能是肝臟併發症的高風險族群。
依官方答案的判定,此項可由文章推論。
定位句為:
People with simple fatty liver don’t have inflammation or scarring in their liver and don’t appear to be at high risk for liver complications.
翻譯:患有單純性脂肪肝的人,肝臟沒有發炎或疤痕,也似乎不屬於肝臟併發症的高風險族群。
第 50 題
【題組共用題幹】
About 30% to 40% of American adults have a condition that has no visible signs and rarely causes symptoms, but can raise the risk of heart disease, diabetes, cirrhosis and liver cancer. It’s called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. And as American waistlines continue to expand, the prevalence of this dangerous condition is growing as well.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, or NAFLD, is an umbrella term. Most people with NAFLD have what’s known as simple fatty liver, which means that more than 5% of the liver is made up of fat cells. (Fat in the liver can also be a product of heavy alcohol use, which is known as alcoholic fatty liver disease.)
Like fat accumulation in the rest of the body, this condition is often related to obesity, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle. Excess weight also seems to make genetic risk factors worse. A recent study published in Nature Genetics found that people with a high-risk variant of the PNPLA3 gene were much more likely to have fatty liver disease if they were obese than if they were thin.
People with simple fatty liver don’t have inflammation or scarring in their liver and don’t appear to be at high risk for liver complications. But the condition affects insulin sensitivity and puts people at higher risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Which of the following words is a synonym of the word, “sedentary”?
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨識」與「語境判斷」。
sedentary 的主要意思是「久坐的、少活動的、缺乏運動的」,常用來形容生活型態:
- sedentary lifestyle:久坐少動的生活方式
- sedentary behavior:久坐行為
- sedentary job:需要長時間坐著的工作
文章討論肥胖、不良飲食與缺乏運動造成的非酒精性脂肪肝,因此 sedentary lifestyle 是「久坐少動的生活方式」。
解題方法
定位題幹中的句子:
Like fat accumulation in the rest of the body, this condition is often related to obesity, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle.
翻譯為:
和身體其他部位的脂肪堆積一樣,這種狀況通常與肥胖、不良飲食及久坐少動的生活方式有關。
句中 obesity(肥胖)與 poor diet(不良飲食)都是造成脂肪肝的生活因素,因此 sedentary 在此必須表達「缺乏身體活動」。五個選項中,stationary 最接近「靜止不動的」,可作為語意上的近義選項。
嚴格而言,sedentary 與 stationary 並非完全同義:
sedentary著重「人長時間坐著、缺乏活動」stationary著重「位置固定、不移動」
但本題選項中沒有 inactive(不活躍的)或 inactive lifestyle 這類更精確的答案,因此依語境與選項比較,官方答案為 E。
選項分析
(A) arbitrary
意為「任意的、武斷的、隨意決定的」。
例如:
- an arbitrary decision:武斷的決定
- an arbitrary rule:任意制定的規則
arbitrary lifestyle 是「任意的生活方式」,與缺乏運動無關,因此錯誤。
(B) cautionary
意為「警告性的、提醒注意的」。
例如:
- a cautionary tale:警世故事
- a cautionary example:警惕性的例子
cautionary lifestyle 不能表達「久坐少動的生活方式」,與本文語意不合,因此錯誤。
(C) mandatory
意為「強制的、義務性的、必須的」。