高雄醫學大學 112 年 《英文》
第 1 題1 分
The presidential candidate involved in the corruption scandal is struggling to salvage his reputation.
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核心觀念
本題考「近義字辨析」與「搭配語意」。關鍵在於理解動詞 salvage 的意思:
- salvage:挽救、挽回、使免於完全失敗
- reputation:名聲、聲譽
- salvage his reputation:挽回他的名聲
因此,句中需要填入一個具有「彌補過錯、挽回名譽」意義的動詞,答案為 redeem。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句:
The presidential candidate involved in the corruption scandal is struggling to salvage his reputation.
翻譯:
這名捲入貪腐醜聞的總統候選人正努力挽回自己的名聲。
「捲入貪腐醜聞」表示該候選人的聲譽已受到損害;因此,他需要設法補救形象、挽回名譽。redeem 正好具有此語意。
解題方法
先判斷句子的語意方向:
- 主詞因為涉及貪腐醜聞而名聲受損。
- 他正在努力「挽回」名聲。
- 選項中只有 redeem 可表示「挽回名譽、彌補過錯」。
常見搭配包括:
- redeem one’s reputation:挽回某人的名聲
- redeem oneself:挽回自己的形象;彌補過錯
- redeem a promise:履行承諾
- redeem a mistake:彌補錯誤
所以:
salvage his reputation = redeem his reputation
兩者皆可表示「挽回他的名聲」。
選項分析
(A) redeem — 挽回;彌補;救贖
正確。redeem 可指透過後續行動彌補過錯、恢復他人對自己的信任或挽回受損的名譽。
例句:
He worked hard to redeem his reputation after the scandal.
醜聞發生後,他努力挽回自己的名聲。
本題中,總統候選人因貪腐醜聞而聲譽受損,正努力補救形象,符合 redeem his reputation 的語意。
(B) relapse — 復發;故態復萌
錯誤。relapse 通常指疾病、症狀或不良行為在改善後再次發生。
常見搭配:
第 2 題1 分
It was a latent variable with three elements: psychological wellbeing, life satisfaction, and satisfaction with the use of time.
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核心觀念
本題考的是「字形相近字的詞義辨析」,重點在於判斷空格中的形容詞與 latent variable 的語意搭配。
題幹句子為:
It was a latent variable with three elements: psychological wellbeing, life satisfaction, and satisfaction with the use of time.
若依官方答案補入 underlying:
It was an underlying latent variable with three elements: psychological wellbeing, life satisfaction, and satisfaction with the use of time.
翻譯為:
它是一個由三個要素構成的底層潛在變項:心理幸福感、生活滿意度,以及對時間使用的滿意度。
其中,underlying 表示「底層的、根本的、構成基礎的」,可用來修飾某個現象或概念背後的基礎因素。
解題方法
1. 先判斷詞性
空格中的選項皆可作為形容詞或分詞形容詞,位置上是用來修飾後面的 latent variable:
- an underlying latent variable
- an underdeveloped latent variable
- an underestimated latent variable
因此,單靠詞性無法直接判斷,必須進一步分析語意。
2. 掌握 latent variable 的意思
latent variable 是「潛在變項」或「潛在變數」,指無法直接觀察,必須透過多項可觀察指標加以推估的抽象概念。
題幹列出三個元素:
- psychological wellbeing:心理幸福感
- life satisfaction:生活滿意度
- satisfaction with the use of time:對時間使用的滿意度
這三者可視為共同反映某個更深層、較抽象的心理或生活狀態。因此,空格應選擇表示「底層、根本」的 underlying。
選項分析
(A) underdeveloped
underdeveloped:發展不充分的、不發達的、未充分開發的。
例如:
- an underdeveloped country
發展中國家 - an underdeveloped skill
尚未充分發展的技能
若放入句中:
It was an underdeveloped latent variable...
意思會變成「它是一個發展不充分的潛在變項」,表示此變項尚未發展完整,與後面列出三個構成要素的語意不符。題幹是在說明這個潛在變項的基礎性質,不是在描述它的發展程度,因此錯誤。
(B) underestimated
underestimated:被低估的、被估計得太低的。
例如:
- an underestimated problem
被低估的問題 - an underestimated ability
被低估的能力
若放入句中:
It was an underestimated latent variable...
意思是「它是一個被低估的潛在變項」,需要有「某人低估它」的語境支持。題幹沒有涉及評價、估計或低估,且後面的三個元素是在界定變項內容,並非說明它受到低估,因此不合語意。
(C) underlying
underlying:底層的、根本的、背後的、構成基礎的。
例如:
- the underlying cause
根本原因 - the underlying mechanism
背後的機制 - the underlying assumption
基本假設
It was an underlying latent variable with three elements...
此處表示這個潛在變項是其他心理或生活指標背後的基礎概念,且由三個元素共同構成。underlying 與 latent variable 在「不可直接觀察、位於表面現象之下」的概念上相互呼應,最符合上下文。
因此,(C) 正確。
第 3 題1 分
The decision to accept the job offer was met with ambivalence. The salary was attractive, but the working hours were long and inconvenient.
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核心觀念
本題考查字義辨析與語境判斷。關鍵字為 ambivalence,意指「矛盾心理、複雜而不確定的感受」,常用於同時存在正面與負面想法的情況。
題幹中,薪資優渥是接受工作的正面因素;工作時間長且不方便則是負面因素。因此,當事人對是否接受工作抱持猶豫、不確定的態度。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句為:
The salary was attractive, but the working hours were long and inconvenient.
薪資很吸引人,但工作時間很長且不方便。
句中的 but 表示轉折,連接一項優點與一項缺點。當事人既受到高薪吸引,又顧慮工時過長,呈現「想接受又有所顧慮」的矛盾與猶豫。
因此,ambivalence 在本題語境中最接近 hesitancy,即「猶豫、遲疑」。
關鍵單字與片語
- decision:決定
- accept:接受
- job offer:工作邀約、工作機會
- be met with:受到……的反應
- ambivalence:矛盾心理、複雜而不確定的感受
- salary:薪資
- attractive:吸引人的、有吸引力的
- working hours:工作時數、工時
- long and inconvenient:漫長且不方便的
題幹第一句可翻譯為:
接受這份工作邀約的決定,受到矛盾心理的回應。
較自然的中文是:
他對是否接受這份工作邀約感到矛盾。
選項分析
(A) disgrace:恥辱、丟臉的事
此字表示名譽受損或令人羞恥的事情,例如 bring disgrace to the family(使家族蒙羞)。題幹沒有羞恥、名譽受損的意思,與高薪及工時之間的取捨無關,因此錯誤。
第 4 題1 分
The young heir lived a prodigal lifestyle, spending his vast inheritance on frivolous things and leaving him with nothing in the end.
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核心觀念
本題考查字義辨析,尤其是形容生活方式與花費習慣的單字。句中關鍵字為 prodigal,意指「揮霍的、浪費的、奢侈的」,通常用來形容不節制地花錢或使用資源。
因此,prodigal lifestyle 是「揮霍奢侈的生活方式」,與選項 extravagant「奢侈的、鋪張的、過度花費的」語意最接近。
解題方法
定位題幹中的語意線索:
The young heir lived a prodigal lifestyle, spending his vast inheritance on frivolous things and leaving him with nothing in the end.
這位年輕的繼承人過著揮霍奢侈的生活,把龐大的遺產花在無聊、不重要的事物上,最後什麼也沒有留下。
句中 spending his vast inheritance(花費龐大的遺產)以及 leaving him with nothing(使他最後一無所有),都明確表現出「揮霍、浪費金錢」的概念。
因此,與 prodigal 意思最接近的是 extravagant。
關鍵單字與片語
- heir:繼承人
- prodigal:揮霍的、浪費的;放蕩奢侈的
- lifestyle:生活方式
- vast inheritance:龐大的遺產
- spend A on B:把 A 花在 B 上
- frivolous:無聊的、不重要的、無價值的
- leave someone with nothing:使某人一無所有
- in the end:最後、到頭來
- extravagant:奢侈的、鋪張浪費的
- abandoned:被遺棄的;放棄的
- peripheral:周邊的;次要的
- temporary:暫時的、短期的
- vulnerable:脆弱的、容易受到傷害的
選項分析
(A) abandoned
意思是「被遺棄的、被放棄的」。例如:
- an abandoned building:一棟被遺棄的建築物
此字描述的是「被丟下」或「被放棄」的狀態,與繼承人花錢揮霍的生活方式無關,故錯誤。
(B) extravagant
第 5 題1 分
Despite a tight labor market, the earning power of Japanese workers has remained stagnant.
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核心觀念
本題考「同義字辨識」與上下文語意。
題幹中的關鍵字是 stagnant,意為「停滯的、沒有成長的、沒有增加的」。句中主詞 the earning power of Japanese workers 指「日本勞工的賺錢能力/薪資購買力」,搭配 remained stagnant,表示即使勞動市場緊張,日本勞工的收入能力仍沒有提升。
其中,dormant 可表示「休眠的、暫停活動的、停滯未發展的」,在本題中最接近 stagnant。
題幹原文:
Despite a tight labor market, the earning power of Japanese workers has remained stagnant.
儘管勞動市場緊張,日本勞工的賺錢能力仍一直停滯不前。
解題方法
先判斷題目要找的是 stagnant 的近義詞,再觀察各選項的詞性與語意。
- stagnant 是形容詞,描述某事物沒有進展、沒有增長。
- remained 是連綴動詞,後面可接形容詞,說明主詞所維持的狀態。
- 因此正確選項必須是能表示「停滯、未發展、暫停活動」的形容詞。
四個選項中,只有 dormant 具有「未活動、暫停發展」的語意,最符合句中「earning power 沒有成長」的上下文。
選項分析
(A) aberrant
aberrant 意為「異常的、偏離常規的」。
例如:
- an aberrant behavior:異常行為
- an aberrant result:異常結果
本句重點是收入能力「停滯不增」,不是「異常或偏離常態」。因此 aberrant 不符合語意。
(B) concomitant
concomitant 意為「伴隨的、同時發生的」,通常表示某事物與另一件事一起出現。
例如:
- concomitant risks:伴隨而來的風險
- concomitant effects:伴隨產生的影響
第 6 題1 分
The lawyer tried to obfuscate the facts of the case to confuse the jury and make it difficult for them to reach a verdict.
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核心觀念
本題考「同義字辨識」與語境判斷,核心字為 obfuscate。
- obfuscate:使……模糊不清;故意混淆;掩飾真相
- perplex:使困惑;使迷惘;使難以理解
題幹描述律師故意把案件事實弄得模糊,使陪審團感到困惑,最接近 perplex。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
The lawyer tried to obfuscate the facts of the case to confuse the jury and make it difficult for them to reach a verdict.
翻譯:
律師試圖混淆案件的事實,使陪審團感到困惑,並讓他們難以做出裁決。
句中 to confuse the jury 直接說明 obfuscate 所造成的結果是「使人困惑」。因此應選擇與「confuse」語意最接近的選項 perplex。
解題方法
先判斷題幹中 obfuscate 的語意:
再逐一比對選項:
兩者皆具有「使人困惑、使事情難以理解」的概念。雖然 obfuscate 著重於「把事實弄得模糊不清」,perplex 著重於「使人感到困惑」,詞性與語意焦點略有差異,但在本題選項中,D 是最接近的同義字。
選項分析
(A) articulate
- articulate:清楚表達;明確說明;善於表達
- 例:She articulated her opinion clearly.
她清楚表達了自己的意見。 - 此字表示「使想法清楚易懂」,與 obfuscate 的「使內容模糊、混淆」意思相反,因此錯誤。
(B) elucidate
- elucidate:闡明;解釋清楚;使易於理解
- 例:The professor elucidated the difficult concept.
教授闡明了這個困難的概念。 - elucidate 是「釐清事實」,而題幹中的律師是要「混淆事實」,語意相反,因此錯誤。
(C) mollify
第 7 題1 分
The soporific effect of the old professor’s lecture made it difficult for the students to stay awake. Many of them nodded off in class.
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核心觀念
本題考「同義字辨識」與語境判讀,核心單字為 soporific 與 somnolent。
- soporific:催眠的、使人昏昏欲睡的
- soporific effect:催眠效果、令人想睡的作用
- somnolent:嗜睡的、昏昏欲睡的
- nod off:打瞌睡、不知不覺睡著
- stay awake:保持清醒
- lecture:演講;課堂講授
- difficult for someone to V:對某人而言做某事很困難
文法上,句中的 soporific 是形容詞,修飾名詞 effect;選項也都是形容詞,須依語意選出最符合「令人昏昏欲睡」的字。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句是:
The soporific effect of the old professor’s lecture made it difficult for the students to stay awake.
老教授講課所產生的催眠效果,使學生難以保持清醒。
後一句進一步提供明確線索:
Many of them nodded off in class.
他們許多人在課堂上打瞌睡、不知不覺睡著了。
因此,soporific 的語意必須與「引起睡意、使人想睡」有關。選項中只有 somnolent 與睡眠、嗜睡直接相關,故依官方答案選 E。
需注意兩字的細微差異:
- soporific 著重「使人入睡、造成睡意」的效果。
- somnolent 著重「本身昏昏欲睡、嗜睡」的狀態。
兩者並非完全等義,但在本題語境中,somnolent 是五個選項裡最接近 soporific 的字,且與 nodded off 完全一致。
選項分析
(A) abstruse
意為「深奧難懂的、艱澀的」,通常用來形容理論、文章、概念等內容。
- an abstruse theory:深奧的理論
- an abstruse argument:艱澀難懂的論點
句中重點是學生因講課而想睡,並非因內容深奧難懂而無法理解。即使深奧的課程可能間接使人疲倦,abstruse 本身不表示「催眠的」,故錯誤。
(B) effervescent
第 8 題1 分
Democracy can be regarded as a system designed to promote political equality, to placate the masses, and to look after their interests.
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核心觀念
本題考「近義字辨識」與語境判斷,核心是辨認 placate 的意思。
- placate:安撫、平息怒氣、姑息,使某人不再生氣
- pacify:使平靜、安撫、平息衝突或群眾的不滿
題幹談民主制度如何對待群眾,語意是「安撫大眾、平息群眾的不滿」,因此 pacify 最符合。
解題方法
先定位關鍵片語:
Democracy can be regarded as a system designed to promote political equality, to placate the masses, and to look after their interests.
民主可以被視為一種旨在促進政治平等、安撫群眾,並照顧其利益的制度。
句中有三個平行的 to + 原形動詞:
to promote political equality:促進政治平等to placate the masses:安撫群眾to look after their interests:照顧他們的利益
因此,空格所需的是一個能代替 placate 的動詞。從語意看,民主制度是透過安撫群眾、平息不滿來維持政治穩定,故選 pacify。
選項分析
(A) berate
berate 意為「嚴厲斥責、痛罵」。
例如:
The coach berated the players for their poor performance.- 教練因球員表現不佳而嚴厲斥責他們。
berate the masses 表示「痛罵群眾」,與民主制度「安撫群眾」的語意相反,因此錯誤。
(B) coddle
coddle 意為「溺愛、過度呵護、嬌縱」。
它強調對某人過度保護或縱容,例如父母過度寵愛子女。雖然 coddle 有「過分照顧」的意味,但不等於 placate 所強調的「平息怒氣、安撫不滿」。題幹的政治語境需要的是降低群眾的不滿,而非溺愛群眾,因此錯誤。
(C) efface
efface 意為「擦掉、抹去、消除」,也可指「使自己不引人注意」。
例如:
The inscription was effaced by years of weathering.- 那段碑文因多年風化而被抹去。
第 9 題1 分
Taiwan has a reputation as one of Asia’s most progressive places, with a young demographic that has become increasingly more diverse and inclusive.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「語境搭配」。空格位於關係子句:
a young demographic that has become increasingly ______ and inclusive
其中 that 代替前面的 a young demographic,空格與 inclusive 並列,皆作為 has become 後面的主詞補語,描述臺灣年輕人口的特徵。
關鍵語意是:
diverse:多元的inclusive:包容的varied:多樣的、各式各樣的
因此,空格應填入能與 diverse and inclusive 相同語意方向的形容詞。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句為:
with a young demographic that has become increasingly diverse and inclusive.
題目將原句中的 diverse 改以選項呈現。句意為:
臺灣被譽為亞洲最進步的地區之一,其年輕人口已變得越來越多元且包容。
increasingly 表示「越來越……」,後面通常接形容詞。空格與 inclusive 形成並列結構:
increasingly varied and inclusive
越來越多樣且包容
varied 可表示「具有多樣性的、由不同種類組成的」,放在此處符合臺灣年輕人口組成日益多元的語意。
選項分析
(A) diluted:稀釋的、削弱的
dilute 原指將液體稀釋,也可引申為削弱力量、降低純度。例如:
diluted alcohol
稀釋過的酒精
a demographic has become increasingly diluted and inclusive 表示「人口變得越來越稀釋且包容」,語意不通,也無法與 inclusive 形成合理的正向並列,因此錯誤。
(B) disrupted:被擾亂的、中斷的
第 10 題1 分
Charlie fell in love with Janifer immediately after they met at the ball, but his younger sister tried to dissuade him from marrying her.
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核心觀念
本題考查近義字辨析,以及動詞與受詞、介系詞的搭配。
題幹中的關鍵字是 dissuade,意為「勸阻、勸退,使某人打消念頭」。其常見句型為:
- dissuade someone from V-ing:勸阻某人做某事
- deter someone from V-ing:阻止、嚇阻某人做某事
因此,與 dissuade 意義最接近的是 deter。
解題方法
定位題幹中的關鍵語意:
his younger sister tried to dissuade him from marrying her.
他的妹妹試圖勸阻他娶她。
句中的 dissuade him from marrying her 表示「勸他不要娶她」。選項中必須選出具有「阻止、勸退、嚇阻」意義,且能自然搭配人的動詞。
deter someone from V-ing 正好符合:
his younger sister tried to deter him from marrying her.
他的妹妹試圖阻止他娶她。
所以官方答案為 A。
選項分析
(A) deter
意為「阻止、嚇阻、使打消念頭」,常用句型為:
deter someone from V-ing
例句:
The high cost deterred him from buying the car.
高昂的價格使他打消買那輛車的念頭。
代入本題:
his younger sister tried to deter him from marrying her.
語意為「他的妹妹試圖阻止他娶她」,與 dissuade 意義相符,故正確。
(B) detain
意為「拘留、扣留;耽擱、 задерж延」。常見用法包括:
- detain someone:拘留某人
- be detained:受到耽擱或 задерж延
例如:
The police detained the suspect.
警方拘留了嫌疑犯。
detain 的重點是使某人不能離開,並非「勸阻某人做某事」,也不適合搭配 from marrying her,故錯誤。
(C) impel
意為「驅使、促使、迫使」,通常表示某種力量促使某人採取行動,常見句型為:
impel someone to V
例如:
第 11 題1 分
To many beginners, the behavior of the stock market appears to be _____. They cannot predict its performance.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「形容詞字義辨析」與「上下文語意判斷」。
句型為:
The behavior of the stock market appears to be _____.
其中:
- appear to be + 形容詞:看起來是……
- behavior:行為;表現
- stock market:股票市場
- predict:預測
- performance:表現;績效
題目要找能描述「股票市場表現難以預測」的形容詞。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句是:
They cannot predict its performance.
他們無法預測股票市場的表現。
既然初學者無法預測股票市場的表現,表示股票市場的行為「變化不定、反覆無常、難以預測」。
因此空格應填入 erratic。
完整句意為:
To many beginners, the behavior of the stock market appears to be erratic. They cannot predict its performance.
對許多初學者而言,股票市場的表現似乎變化不定。他們無法預測它的績效。
選項分析
(A) eclectic
意為「兼收並蓄的;博採眾長的」,通常用來形容風格、品味、選擇或方法,例如:
- an eclectic taste:兼收並蓄的品味
- an eclectic collection:多元混合的收藏
它不表示「難以預測」,不能用來描述股票市場的變化,因此錯誤。
(B) eligible
意為「符合資格的;具備資格的」,常用於:
第 12 題1 分
The politician’s speech was full of _____ language, making it difficult for the audience to understand his true intentions.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「形容詞的字義與語境判斷」。空格後的名詞是 language,需填入能描述政治演講語言特色的形容詞。關鍵線索是:
“making it difficult for the audience to understand his true intentions”
「使聽眾難以了解他的真正意圖。」
既然演講內容讓人難以理解,表示語言「晦澀、神秘、含意不明」,因此選 cryptic。
解題方法
題幹結構為:
The politician’s speech was full of _____ language.
其中:
- be full of + 名詞:充滿……
- _____ language:空格修飾名詞 language,需要填形容詞。
- 後面的分詞片語 making it difficult for the audience to understand... 說明前句造成的結果。
演講使用某種語言,結果使聽眾無法理解政治人物的真正意圖,因此空格應具有「難以理解、意義隱晦」的語意。
cryptic 意為「神秘難解的、含意隱晦的、晦澀的」,與上下文完全吻合。
選項分析
(A) cryptic
意為「神秘難解的、晦澀的、含意不明的」。
- cryptic language:晦澀難懂的語言
- a cryptic message:含意隱晦的訊息
政治人物的演講充滿晦澀語言,使聽眾難以理解其真正意圖,語意自然且搭配恰當。
此選項正確。
(B) fecund
意為「多產的、肥沃的、富有創造力的」。
常見搭配包括:
- fecund soil:肥沃的土壤
- a fecund imagination:豐富的想像力
- a fecund writer:創作力旺盛的作家
Fecund language 並非本題適切搭配,而且「富有創造力」無法解釋為何聽眾難以理解政治人物的真正意圖。
此選項錯誤。
(C) lucid
意為「清楚易懂的、明晰的、條理清楚的」。
常見搭配包括:
- a lucid explanation:清楚的解釋
- lucid prose:清晰易懂的散文
- a lucid argument:條理清楚的論點
第 13 題1 分
The company’s profits reached their _____ during the recession. It took years of hard work and dedication to bring them back to their former levels.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「表示最高點與最低點的同義字辨析」,關鍵在於判斷語境中的方向:
- nadir:最低點、谷底
- apogee:最高點、巔峰
- pinnacle:最高點、頂峰
- summit:頂點、最高峰
- zenith:最高點、全盛期
題幹提到:
The company’s profits reached their _____ during the recession. It took years of hard work and dedication to bring them back to their former levels.
翻譯為:「這家公司的獲利在經濟衰退期間達到______。經過多年的努力與投入,才讓獲利恢復到原來的水準。」
第二句的 bring them back to their former levels 表示公司獲利曾經下滑,後來才恢復到過去的水準。因此,第一句應填「最低點、谷底」,答案為 nadir。
解題方法
先抓住語意線索 during the recession 與 bring them back。
經濟衰退通常會造成公司獲利下降;而 bring them back to their former levels 中的 back 表示「恢復」,暗示獲利目前已低於原先水準。因此:
句意為:
「公司的獲利在經濟衰退期間跌至谷底。經過多年的努力與投入,才讓獲利恢復到原來的水準。」
所以應選表示「最低點」的 nadir。
文法與語意重點
- reach one’s nadir
表示「達到最低點、跌至谷底」。
例句:
- The athlete’s performance reached its nadir after the injury.
這名運動員受傷後,表現跌至谷底。
- reach one’s apogee / pinnacle / summit / zenith
這些搭配都可表示「達到最高點」,但與本題「經濟衰退期間獲利下滑,之後恢復」的語境不符。
- bring A back to B
表示「使 A 恢復到 B」。
本題的 bring them back to their former levels 中:
- them 指前面的 the company’s profits
- former levels 指「過去的水準、原來的水準」
第 14 題1 分
Although some schools are postponing new projects, others are forging ahead with plans to _____ programs that have long existed at some old national colleges.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查:
- 單字字義辨析
- 動詞與上下文的語意搭配
- 不定詞片語
plans to + 原形動詞
句型為:
others are forging ahead with plans to _____ programs ...
plans to 後面接原形動詞,因此五個選項在文法形式上皆可接入,真正的判斷關鍵在於語意。
題幹中的 programs 指學校所開設的學術課程或學制;空格需要填入「仿效、效法」之意,表示其他學校打算仿效老牌國立大專院校早已存在的課程。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
others are forging ahead with plans to _____ programs that have long existed at some old national colleges.
翻譯:
其他學校則持續推進計畫,打算仿效某些老牌國立大專院校早已存在的課程。
其中:
forge ahead with:積極推進、勇往直前地進行plans to + V:做某事的計畫programs that have long existed:已存在很久的課程old national colleges:老牌國立大專院校
既然這些課程已在其他學校存在很久,題意是其他學校要「仿效」這些既有課程,因此選 emulate。
解題方法
先判斷空格的語意需求:
plans to _____ programs that have long existed ...
主詞是學校,受詞是 programs,後方的關係子句說明這些課程早已存在於某些老牌國立院校。最合理的語意是「參考並仿效既有課程」。
emulate 是及物動詞,意思是「仿效、效法,以……為榜樣」,可以接受詞 programs,形成:
emulate programs
仿效課程
因此答案為 (D) emulate。
選項分析
(A) elongate
elongate 意思是「使延長、使變長」。
例如:
elongate the neck
使頸部變長
若填入題幹:
plans to elongate programs
意思會變成「計畫延長課程」,但題幹重點是參考其他學校已存在的課程,而不是增加課程的時間長度或物理長度,因此語意不合。
(B) elucidate
elucidate 意思是「闡明、解釋,使更加清楚」。
例如:
elucidate the meaning of the theory
闡明這個理論的意義
填入後成為:
第 15 題1 分
Despite his efforts to reconcile with his estranged cousin, the latter continued to make _____ remarks about him during family gatherings.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查「上下文語意判斷」與形容詞字義。句中描述一位與表親關係疏遠的人,即使對方努力修復關係,表親仍在家庭聚會中對他發表負面、貶低性的言論,因此空格應填入具有「貶抑的、侮辱性的」意思的形容詞。
題幹定位與翻譯
Despite his efforts to reconcile with his estranged cousin, the latter continued to make _____ remarks about him during family gatherings.
翻譯:
儘管他努力與關係疏遠的表親和解,後者仍持續在家庭聚會中發表關於他的_____評論。
關鍵線索是:
- Despite:儘管,表示讓步關係。
- efforts to reconcile with:努力與……和解。
- estranged cousin:關係疏遠的表親。
- the latter:後者,指前面提到的 his estranged cousin。
- continued to make remarks about him:持續發表關於他的評論。
- during family gatherings:在家庭聚會期間。
「努力和解」與「仍持續發表負面評論」形成轉折,顯示這些評論應具有負面、攻擊或貶低意味。
解題方法
先判斷空格後的名詞 remarks 需要什麼類型的形容詞。句型為:
其中 remarks 是「評論、話語、評語」,可搭配表示評論性質的形容詞。
再根據上下文判斷語氣:
- 他努力修復與表親的關係。
- 表親仍然在親友聚會中談論他。
- 前後形成負面轉折,因此評論應是傷人、貶低或侮辱性的。
符合此語意的是 derogatory。
選項分析
(A) derogatory
- 意思:貶抑的、貶低的、侮辱性的。
- derogatory remarks 是常見搭配,指「貶低性的評論」或「侮辱性的話語」。
- 放入句中後:
the latter continued to make derogatory remarks about him
第 16 題1 分
Many insurance companies are under pressure to increase premiums to stay _____.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與固定搭配。句型為:
stay + 形容詞
保持某種狀態
題幹中的關鍵片語是 stay solvent,意為「維持償付能力、保持財務健全」,常用於公司、銀行、保險公司等必須支付債務或理賠金的金融機構。
題幹定位與翻譯
Many insurance companies are under pressure to increase premiums to stay _____.
翻譯:
許多保險公司正承受提高保費的壓力,以維持自身的償付能力。
其中:
- insurance company:保險公司
- under pressure:承受壓力
- increase premiums:提高保費
- premium:保險費、保費
- stay solvent:保持有償付能力、維持財務健全
保險公司提高保費,是為了增加收入,以支付理賠、營運成本及其他債務,因此最合理的狀態是 solvent。
解題方法
先判斷空格需要的詞性。由於空格位於 stay 後方,應填入形容詞,描述保險公司的狀態。
接著利用語意判斷:
- 保險公司提高保費,目的在於改善財務狀況。
- 金融機構若有能力支付債務與理賠,即表示具備 solvency。
- 形容詞 solvent 正是「有償付能力的、財務健全的」。
因此答案為 (E) solvent。
選項分析
(A) benevolent
benevolent 意為「仁慈的、慈善的、樂善好施的」。
例如:
a benevolent organization
慈善組織
題幹談的是保險公司提高保費以維持財務能力,並非描述公司是否仁慈或慈善。
stay benevolent 在文法上可成立,但放入本題語境不合邏輯,因此錯誤。
(B) fraudulent
fraudulent 意為「欺騙性的、詐欺的、虛假的」。
例如:
fraudulent claims
詐欺性的理賠申請
第 17 題1 分
Two South African universities conducted integrated classes, but the apartheid government was preparing legislation that would force them to _____.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查:
- 字彙辨析:依上下文判斷動詞的正確語意。
- 歷史語境:南非種族隔離制度(apartheid)下,政府要求不同種族分開接受教育。
- 句型搭配:
force + 受詞 + to V,表示「強迫某人/某組織做某事」。
題幹指出兩所南非大學原本實施 integrated classes,即「不同種族共同上課的融合班級」。但種族隔離政府準備立法,迫使兩校改變這種做法,因此空格應填入「使……隔離、分開」之意的動詞。
題幹定位與翻譯
Two South African universities conducted integrated classes, but the apartheid government was preparing legislation that would force them to _____.
翻譯:
南非有兩所大學開設融合式課程,但種族隔離政府正準備制定法律,迫使這兩所大學必須____。
關鍵對比為:
integrated classes:融合式、不同種族共同上課的班級apartheid government:實施種族隔離政策的政府force them to _____:強迫它們去……
既然政府的種族隔離政策反對不同種族共同受教育,便會要求大學將學生分開,因此答案為 segregate。
文法與語意分析
force + 人/組織 + to + 原形動詞 是常見使役句型:
意為「強迫 O 做 V」。
本句結構為:
the apartheid government:主詞was preparing legislation:正準備法律that would force them to segregate:關係子句,修飾legislationthem:指前面的Two South African universitiesto segregate:受force支配的不定詞
segregate 可作及物動詞,表示「將人或事物分開,尤其指依種族、性別等因素隔離」。在本句中,兩所大學是被迫將不同種族的學生分開上課。
選項分析
(A) safeguard
safeguard 意為「保護;保障」。
例如:
safeguard human rights:保障人權safeguard public safety:維護公共安全
若填入:
force them to safeguard
意思會變成「迫使它們保護……」,與前面的 integrated classes 及南非種族隔離政策不符。題幹重點是政府要取消融合教育、實施種族分隔,不是要求大學加以保護。因此錯誤。
(B) segregate
第 18 題1 分
A seventy-year-old man was found dead after a landslide _____ a block of houses.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與「動詞和受詞的語意搭配」。句型為:
a landslide + 動詞 + a block of houses
主詞是 a landslide(山崩、土石流),受詞是 a block of houses(一整排/一街區的房屋)。須選擇能表示山崩吞沒、掩埋房屋的動詞。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
A seventy-year-old man was found dead after a landslide engulfed a block of houses.
翻譯:一名七十歲男子在山崩吞沒一整排房屋後,被發現已經死亡。
其中 engulf 表示「吞沒、淹沒、包圍」,常用於火焰、洪水、土石流等大規模力量完全覆蓋或吞噬人、物。山崩吞沒房屋,符合語境。
解題方法
先判斷語意:
- 主詞是 landslide,具有破壞、掩埋房屋的力量。
- 受詞是 a block of houses,必須搭配表示「吞沒、掩埋、摧毀」的動詞。
- 四個干擾選項雖多為過去式,但字義均不符合山崩與房屋的語意關係。
因此選 engulfed。
選項分析
(A) enacted:實施;制定;演出
通常用於法律、政策、規定,或戲劇、角色,例如 enact a law(制定法律)、enact a scene(演出一幕)。
enacted a block of houses 不表示「山崩掩埋房屋」,語意不成立。
(B) enchanted:使著迷;施魔法於
例如 The audience was enchanted by the music.(觀眾被音樂深深吸引。)
此字帶有「迷住」或「施魔法」的意思,無法描述山崩吞沒房屋,因此錯誤。
(C) engraved:雕刻;銘刻
通常用於在金屬、石頭、木頭等表面刻字或圖案,例如 engrave a name on a ring(在戒指上刻名字)。
山崩不會「雕刻一整排房屋」,與題幹情境不符。
第 19 題1 分
An additional on-demand option lets clients make a one-time purchase of certain items in _____.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「固定搭配(collocation)」與語意判斷,關鍵片語是:
- in bulk:大量地;以大批量方式
- on-demand option:依需求提供的選項
- one-time purchase:一次性購買
- certain items:特定商品
句型為:
make a one-time purchase of certain items in bulk
其中 in bulk 表示「一次購買大量商品」,常用於批量採購、批發或大量訂購的語境。
解題方法
先觀察空格前的介系詞 in。英文中許多「介系詞+名詞」組合是固定片語,不能只依單字字面意思拼湊。
題幹描述客戶可以「一次購買特定商品」,若要表達大量購買,最自然的搭配是 purchase items in bulk,意思是「大量購買商品」。
因此完整句意為:
An additional on-demand option lets clients make a one-time purchase of certain items in bulk.
翻譯:
另一項依需求提供的選擇,讓客戶可以一次大量購買特定商品。
選項分析
(A) barge
- barge 作名詞時,指「駁船、平底貨船」。
- 作動詞時可指「魯莽地闖入」。
- in barge 不是表示「大量」的固定搭配,放入題幹後語意不通。
(B) barren
第 20 題1 分
The Midwest is known for rich, _____ topsoil good for growing crops, making agriculture a star industry in the region.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 字義辨析:根據上下文判斷形容詞的正確意思。
- 搭配與語意:形容土壤且與「適合種植作物」相符的單字。
- 形容詞修飾名詞:空格與 rich 共同修飾名詞片語 topsoil。
句中關鍵結構為:
rich, _____ topsoil good for growing crops
其中:
- rich:肥沃的、富含養分的
- topsoil:表土、耕作土
- good for growing crops:適合種植作物
因此,空格應填入表示「肥沃的」之意的形容詞。
解題方法
先抓語意線索:
good for growing crops
意為「適合種植作物」,可推知前面的土壤必須具備「肥沃、富含養分」的特性。
完整句子為:
The Midwest is known for rich, fertile topsoil good for growing crops, making agriculture a star industry in the region.
翻譯:
美國中西部以肥沃、適合種植作物的表土聞名,因此農業成為該地區的重要產業。
fertile 的主要意思是「肥沃的」,特別常用來形容土地或土壤;也可形容人或動植物具有繁殖能力。此處修飾 topsoil,正符合「適合耕作」的語境。
文法上,rich 與 fertile 都是形容詞,並列修飾 topsoil:
- rich topsoil:肥沃的表土
- fertile topsoil:富饒的表土
選項分析
(A) fertile
意為「肥沃的、富饒的」,可形容土地或土壤。
fertile topsoil
表示「肥沃的表土」,與 good for growing crops 的語意完全一致,因此正確。
(B) fictional
意為「虛構的、小說中的」。
例如:
- a fictional character:虛構人物
- a fictional story:虛構故事
第 21 題1 分
My doctor suggested _____ taking a daily multivitamin to ensure I was getting all the necessary nutrients for optimal health.
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核心觀念
本題考「suggest 的句型」以及表達建議、要求時的假設語氣。
當 suggest 表示「建議某人做某事」時,常用句型為:
此處的原形動詞是「假設語氣」用法,不受主詞人稱或時態影響:
- I suggest that he go.
- The doctor suggested that I start taking vitamins.
因此,題幹中的 that I start 符合標準句型。
解題方法
題幹關鍵句為:
My doctor suggested _____ taking a daily multivitamin to ensure I was getting all the necessary nutrients for optimal health.
翻譯:
我的醫生建議我開始每天服用綜合維他命,以確保我攝取到維持最佳健康所需的所有營養素。
空格後方已有 taking,表示空格需要接在 suggested 後面,形成「醫生建議我開始做某事」的完整結構。
最標準的結構是:
suggested that I start taking ...
其中:
that引導名詞子句I是子句主詞start使用原形,構成建議句中的假設語氣taking作為start的補語,表示「開始服用」
所以選擇:
that I start
選項分析
(A) to start
suggest 一般不能直接接 to V 表示「建議做某事」。
錯誤結構:
suggested to start taking
to start 可用於某些動詞,例如 want to start、decide to start,但 suggest 不採用這種句型。若要使用不定詞,通常需改成:
suggested that I start taking ...
因此本選項錯誤。
(B) for me to start
for + 受詞 + to V 本身可以形成不定詞結構,例如:
It is important for me to start exercising.
但 suggest 表示「建議某人做某事」時,考試標準句型不使用:
suggested for me to start
此結構不符合本題要求的 suggest + that + 主詞 + 原形動詞 句型。正確表達為:
第 22 題1 分
The fact that the company failed to meet its sales target is not surprising, _____ the fierce competition in the market and the economic downturn.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 分詞與介系詞的判斷
- given + 名詞片語的固定用法
- 句意上的因果與背景條件
句中逗號後方為:
given the fierce competition in the market and the economic downturn
其中 given 表示「考量到、鑑於、既然」,後面直接接名詞片語,形成介系詞片語,補充說明公司未達成業績目標的背景原因。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句:
The fact that the company failed to meet its sales target is not surprising, given the fierce competition in the market and the economic downturn.
翻譯:
鑑於市場上的激烈競爭以及經濟衰退,該公司未能達成銷售目標這件事並不令人意外。
句意邏輯是:
- 公司未達成銷售目標:結果
- 市場競爭激烈、經濟衰退:背景原因
- 因此,這個結果並不令人意外
given + 名詞片語正好表示「在考量某項背景條件下」。
解題方法
先觀察空格後面的結構:
the fierce competition in the market and the economic downturn
這是一個完整的名詞片語,而非子句,因為沒有主詞與限定動詞。
能直接接在名詞片語前、表示「鑑於」的選項只有 given:
因此:
相當於:
或:
整句文法與語意皆完整,故選 (E) given。
選項分析
(A) be given
be given 是被動語態或不定詞的一部分,表示「被給予」。
若放入句中:
..., be given the fierce competition in the market and the economic downturn.
此處既沒有適當的主詞,也無法形成合理的被動結構。公司未達成目標並不是「被給予激烈競爭與經濟衰退」,語意不通,因此錯誤。
(B) giving
giving 是現在分詞或動名詞,常表示「給予」或「造成」。
若放入句中:
..., giving the fierce competition in the market and the economic downturn.
結構上會變成分詞片語,但 giving 後面的受詞是「激烈競爭與經濟衰退」,語意變成「造成激烈競爭與經濟衰退」。主句主詞是:
第 23 題1 分
We regret to announce that Mr. Wilson has resigned his position as Dean of International Office, _____ next Monday.
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核心觀念
本題考「詞性判斷」與固定用法 effective + 時間。
句末的 effective next Monday 是逗號後的補充說明,表示「從下週一開始生效」。其中:
- effective:形容詞,有效的;生效的
- effective next Monday:自下週一起生效
- resign one’s position:辭去某人的職位
- Dean:院長、主任
- International Office:國際事務處
- announce:宣布
- regret to announce:遺憾地宣布
解題方法
先觀察空格位置:
Mr. Wilson has resigned his position as Dean of International Office, _____ next Monday.
逗號後接的是對前面「辭職」這件事的補充說明,並非主要句子的謂語,因此需要能表示「辭職何時正式生效」的形容詞。
effective 可用於:
effective + 日期/時間
表示「自某日期或時間起生效」。
完整句意為:
We regret to announce that Mr. Wilson has resigned his position as Dean of International Office, effective next Monday.
我們遺憾地宣布,Wilson 先生已辭去國際事務處主任一職,並自下週一正式生效。
因此空格應填形容詞 effective。
選項分析
(A) effecting
effecting 是動詞 effect 的現在分詞,意為「造成、促成、使某事發生」。例如:
effecting major changes
促成重大改變
但 effecting next Monday 無法合理表達「自下週一生效」,因為 effecting 後面通常接被造成或促成的事情,不能直接以日期作為此處的補充說明。故錯誤。
(B) effect
effect 可作名詞,意為「影響、效果」,也可作動詞,意為「使發生、實現」。
第 24 題1 分
The cake was baked by my grandmother, _____ her delicious desserts and culinary skills.
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核心觀念
本題考「關係代名詞」與固定搭配:
- 先行詞為表示人的名詞時,非限定關係子句通常使用 who。
- 逗號前已有完整句子,逗號後補充說明前面的 my grandmother,形成非限定關係子句。
- be known for + 原因/特色:因某種特質而聞名。
- be known as + 身分/名稱:以某種身分或名稱而聞名。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
The cake was baked by my grandmother, _____ her delicious desserts and culinary skills.
空格後的子句是在補充說明「my grandmother」,意義是「我的祖母因她美味的甜點與烹飪技巧而聞名」。
完整句為:
The cake was baked by my grandmother, who is known for her delicious desserts and culinary skills.
翻譯:
這個蛋糕是我的祖母所烘焙的;她以美味的甜點和烹飪技巧聞名。
解題方法
第一步,判斷空格所引導的結構。
逗號後的部分是補充說明祖母的關係子句,因此需要關係代名詞作為主詞:
my grandmother, who is known ...
因為先行詞是人,使用 who。
第二步,判斷 known 後面的介系詞。
「因……而聞名」使用:
be known for + 著名的原因或特色
本句的著名原因是:
her delicious desserts and culinary skills
因此應使用 known for,答案為 who is known for。
選項分析
(A) who is known as
文法上,who 可指代人,且可作關係子句主詞;但 known as 表示「被稱為/以……身分聞名」,後面通常接身分、職稱或名稱,例如:
She is known as a talented chef.
她以才華洋溢的廚師身分聞名。
第 25 題1 分
The new movie theater, which was designed by a renowned architect, _____ to be completed by the end of this year.
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核心觀念
本題考「被動語態」與句子主要動詞的判斷。
句型:
表示「某人/某物被預期、被認為將……」。
題幹主詞為 The new movie theater,意思是「這座新的電影院被預期在今年年底前完工」,因此需要使用:
其中:
- is expected:被預期,現在式被動語態
- to be completed:被完成,不定詞被動語態
- by the end of this year:在今年年底以前
解題方法
先找句子的主要主詞與主要動詞:
The new movie theater, which was designed by a renowned architect, _____ to be completed by the end of this year.
中文翻譯:
這座由知名建築師設計的新電影院,預計在今年年底前完工。
逗點之間的 which was designed by a renowned architect 是非限定關係子句,補充說明電影院的設計者,不是句子的主要動詞。
刪除這段插入資訊後,句子骨架為:
The new movie theater _____ to be completed by the end of this year.
主詞 The new movie theater 與「被預期完工」之間是被動關係,因此填入 is expected:
The new movie theater is expected to be completed by the end of this year.
定位答案的關鍵句
The new movie theater is expected to be completed by the end of this year.
翻譯:
這座新的電影院預計在今年年底前完工。
此處電影院本身不會「預期」某件事,而是「被人預期」會完工,所以必須使用被動語態 is expected。
選項分析
(A) expected
填入後:
The new movie theater expected to be completed by the end of this year.
expected 為過去分詞,但前面沒有 be 動詞,無法構成完整的被動語態。正確形式應為 is expected。
此外,若將 expected 視為過去式,句意會變成「電影院預期……」,主詞與動作關係也不合理。
(B) expecting
填入後:
The new movie theater expecting to be completed by the end of this year.
expecting 是現在分詞,不能單獨作為句子的主要動詞。若要表達主動「正在預期」,需有適當主詞與完整動詞結構;但電影院並非預期事情的施事者。
本句應表達「電影院被預期完工」,因此不能用主動形式 expecting。
(C) is expected
填入後:
第 26 題1 分
For each sentence, choose ONE underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.
Crop cultivation has been especially challenging due to climate change, ultimate resulting in either too much or too little water.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
due to與because of的用法差異。- 分詞片語
resulting in ...的修飾關係。 - 形容詞與副詞的詞性辨識:
ultimate與ultimately。
題幹句意為:
Crop cultivation has been especially challenging due to climate change, ultimate resulting in either too much or too little water.
翻譯:
農作物栽培一直因氣候變遷而特別具有挑戰性,最終導致水分過多或過少。
依官方答案,本題錯誤部分判定為 (C) due to climate change。
解題方法
先觀察句子的主要結構:
- 主詞:
Crop cultivation - 動詞:
has been - 主詞補語:
especially challenging - 原因片語:
due to climate change - 結果分詞片語:
ultimate resulting in either too much or too little water
其中 due to climate change 用來表示「因為氣候變遷」。傳統正式文法通常區分:
because of + 名詞:修飾動詞或整個子句,表示原因。due to + 名詞:較嚴格的用法是修飾名詞,表示「歸因於……的」。
本句中,真正「因氣候變遷而具有挑戰性」的是整個動詞片語 has been especially challenging,因此依考試採用的傳統規範,應使用 because of:
Crop cultivation has been especially challenging because of climate change, ultimately resulting in either too much or too little water.
所以官方將 (C) 視為錯誤,修正為:
because of climate change
選項分析
(A) Crop cultivation
crop 是「農作物」,cultivation 是「栽培、耕作」,crop cultivation 意為「農作物栽培」。
此片語作為句子主詞,結構完整,cultivation 為不可數名詞,搭配單數動詞 has been 正確。因此 (A) 沒有錯誤。
(B) has been especially challenging
has been 是現在完成式,表示「一直是、迄今為止都處於某種狀態」;challenging 是形容詞,意為「具有挑戰性的、困難的」。
Crop cultivation has been especially challenging 的結構為:
主詞 + 現在完成式 be 動詞 + 形容詞補語
語法正確,語意也合理。因此 (B) 沒有錯誤。
(C) due to climate change
第 27 題1 分
For each sentence, choose ONE underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.
Growing up near an active volcano when he was young, he dedicated most of his time after school to projects distributed medical equipment to regional health networks for emergency preparation.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 分詞片語的主詞一致
- 介系詞片語與名詞的修飾關係
- 關係子句的基本結構
- 過去式與過去分詞的辨識
句中核心結構為:
he dedicated most of his time after school to projects distributed medical equipment to regional health networks
動詞 dedicate A to B 表示「把 A 奉獻/投入於 B」。因此,to projects 之後應接名詞片語;若要描述這些 projects 做了什麼,必須使用完整的關係子句或分詞片語。
題幹定位與翻譯
題目關鍵句為:
Growing up near an active volcano when he was young, he dedicated most of his time after school to projects distributed medical equipment to regional health networks for emergency preparation.
翻譯:
他年輕時在一座活火山附近長大,因此放學後把大部分時間投入於一些將醫療設備分送至區域醫療網絡、以進行緊急應變準備的計畫。
問題出在:
to projects distributed medical equipment
distributed 若作過去式,前面必須有主詞,且不能直接放在名詞 projects 後面作修飾語。此處應改為:
to projects that distributed medical equipment...
或:
to projects distributing medical equipment...
因此官方答案為 (D)。
解題方法
先抓出主要句型:
he dedicated most of his time after school to projects ...
其中:
- he:主詞
- dedicated:主要動詞
- most of his time after school:受詞
- to projects:介系詞片語,說明投入的對象
看到 projects 後面還有 distributed medical equipment,必須判斷這一段是如何修飾 projects。
若使用完整關係子句,結構應為:
projects that distributed medical equipment
若使用現在分詞片語,結構應為:
projects distributing medical equipment
原句的:
projects distributed medical equipment
表面上是「主詞 projects+過去式 distributed+受詞 medical equipment」,但前面已有介系詞 to,整段必須作為 to 的受詞。原句缺少關係代名詞,也沒有使用正確的分詞形式,因此文法不完整。
選項分析
(A) Growing up near an active volcano
Growing up 是現在分詞片語,表示「在……附近長大」。分詞片語放在句首時,通常修飾主要子句的主詞。
後面的主要子句主詞是:
he
因此語意是「他在活火山附近長大」,主詞一致,修飾正確。
- active volcano:活火山
- grow up:長大
(A) 文法正確。
(B) when he was young
when he was young 是時間副詞子句,表示「當他年輕時」。
雖然 Growing up 本身已經含有「成長期間」的意思,和 when he was young 在語意上略有重複,但語意重複不等於文法錯誤。此片語可以補充說明「長大」發生的時間。
- when:當……時
- young:年輕的
第 28 題1 分
For each sentence, choose ONE underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.
The museum had founded in 1952 by a group of art enthusiasts, who believed that the city needed a space dedicated to the appreciation and preservation of contemporary art. Since then, it has been visited by millions of people from around the world.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 被動語態:主詞是動作承受者時,須使用「be 動詞 + 過去分詞」。
- 過去完成式被動語態:。
- 關係子句、分詞片語及現在完成式被動語態的辨識。
題幹中,主詞是 The museum,博物館是「被創立」,不是主動「創立某物」,因此必須使用被動語態。
定位答案的原句與翻譯
The museum had founded in 1952 by a group of art enthusiasts, who believed that the city needed a space dedicated to the appreciation and preservation of contemporary art.
原句可理解為:
這座博物館於 1952 年由一群藝術愛好者創立;他們相信這座城市需要一個致力於當代藝術欣賞與保存的空間。
其中 The museum had founded 的結構錯誤。博物館是被創立,因此不能使用主動語態的 had founded。
正確寫法為:
The museum was founded in 1952 by a group of art enthusiasts.
若確實需要使用過去完成式,則應寫成:
The museum had been founded in 1952 by a group of art enthusiasts.
本題語境只有一個明確的過去事件「1952 年創立」,使用 was founded 最自然。
解題方法
先找句子的主詞與動詞:
- 主詞:The museum
- 動詞片語:had founded
- 後方有受詞嗎?沒有。
- 後方的 by a group of art enthusiasts 表示動作者。
「博物館被一群藝術愛好者創立」是被動關係,因此動詞必須符合:
若使用過去完成式:
因此:
- 錯誤:had founded
- 正確:was founded
- 若用過去完成式:had been founded
原句缺少被動語態所需的 been,且 founded 前使用 had 時,會形成主動的過去完成式,與主詞 The museum 的語意不合。
選項分析
(A) had founded
錯誤。
found 可作「創立、建立」解,是及物動詞,主動語態須有主動者作主詞,例如:
The art enthusiasts had founded the museum.
意思是「這群藝術愛好者已經創立了這座博物館」。
但題目中主詞是 The museum,博物館是被創立的對象,因此應使用被動語態:
The museum was founded in 1952.
若保留 had,則必須改為:
The museum had been founded in 1952.
所以 (A) 是本題錯誤所在。
(B) in 1952
正確。
in + 年份 表示「在某一年」,例如:
- in 1952:在 1952 年
- in 2020:在 2020 年
因此 founded in 1952 是正確搭配,表示「於 1952 年創立」。
(C) by a group of art enthusiasts
正確。
第 29 題1 分
For each sentence, choose ONE underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.
Women lose sexual hormones such as estrogen when they undergo menopause, either naturally through the body’s decreased production or by removal of the ovaries via surgery. In addition, just how the loss of those hormones and the impact of hormone replacement therapy affects dementia risk is unclear.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查:
- either A or B 的平行結構
- 介系詞搭配與語意平行
- 名詞子句作主詞時的動詞判斷
題目要求找出含有不合文法用法的底線部分。依校方公告及官方答案,錯誤在 (D)。
題幹關鍵句與翻譯
Women lose sexual hormones such as estrogen when they undergo menopause, either naturally through the body’s decreased production or by removal of the ovaries via surgery.
女性進入更年期時會失去性荷爾蒙,例如雌激素;這種情況可能是自然發生的,源自身體荷爾蒙產量下降,也可能是透過手術切除卵巢所造成。
其中:
either naturally through the body’s decreased production or by removal of the ovaries via surgery
使用了 either A or B,前後應保持結構平行。
解題方法
看到 either A or B,先將 A、B 分別畫出來:
- A:naturally through the body’s decreased production
- B:by removal of the ovaries via surgery
A 的核心是副詞 naturally,表示「自然地」;B 的核心則是介系詞片語 by removal...,表示「藉由切除……」。
兩者在形式上不平行,而且語意上也未清楚對應「自然方式」與「手術方式」。依官方命題意旨,D 應改成具有平行結構的表達,例如:
either through the body’s decreased production or by removal of the ovaries via surgery
或:
either naturally, through the body’s decreased production, or surgically, by removal of the ovaries via surgery
如此便能清楚呈現兩種方式:
- through the body’s decreased production:透過身體產量下降
- by removal of the ovaries:透過切除卵巢
選項分析
(A) Women lose sexual hormones
此部分文法正確。
- Women 是複數主詞。
- lose 是現在式複數動詞,與 Women 一致。
- sexual hormones 是 lose 的受詞,意為「性荷爾蒙」。
句意為「女性失去性荷爾蒙」,語法及語意皆可成立。
關鍵單字:
- women:女性
- lose:失去
- sexual hormones:性荷爾蒙
(B) such as estrogen
此部分文法正確。
such as 用來列舉例子,意為「例如、像……」。此處以 estrogen 作為 sexual hormones 的例子:
sexual hormones such as estrogen
性荷爾蒙,例如雌激素
estrogen 是不可數名詞,表示「雌激素」,此處不需加冠詞,使用正確。
(C) when they undergo menopause
此部分文法正確。
- when 引導時間副詞子句,表示「當……時」。
- they 指前面的 Women。
- undergo menopause 表示「經歷更年期/進入更年期」。
第 30 題1 分
For each sentence, choose ONE underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.
Masi, who was part of the team that worked with the young survivors and families was affected by the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in 2012, says standard strategies for addressing trauma in adults, such as cognitive behavior therapy, can also be helpful with children, with some modifications.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 關係子句(relative clause)的結構與修飾對象。
- 主詞與動詞的一致(subject–verb agreement)。
- 被動語態:。
- 句中長修飾語的判讀。
題幹主句的骨架是:
Masi ... says ...
也就是:
- 主詞:Masi
- 主要動詞:says
- 受詞:standard strategies ... can also be helpful ...
其中 who ... 與 that ... 都是關係子句,用來補充說明前面的名詞。
定位答案的原文與翻譯
題幹相關部分為:
Masi, who was part of the team that worked with the young survivors and families was affected by the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in 2012, says ...
正確語意應為:
Masi 表示,針對成人創傷所採用的標準策略,例如認知行為治療,經過一些調整後,也能對兒童有所幫助。Masi 曾是那個與遭受 2012 年 Sandy Hook Elementary School 槍擊事件影響的年輕倖存者及其家屬一起工作的團隊成員。
其中「受到槍擊事件影響的家屬」是複數名詞 families,因此應使用複數動詞:
families were affected by the shooting
而非:
families was affected by the shooting
因此錯誤在 (C) was affected。
解題方法
先找句子的主要主詞與主要動詞:
Masi ... says ...
再拆解前面的修飾結構:
Masi,
who was part of the team
that worked with the young survivors and families
[who were affected by the shooting in 2012],
says ...
families 是複數,因此與其搭配的被動語態必須是:
被動語態的基本形式為:
本句中:
- 主詞:families
- be 動詞:were
- 過去分詞:affected
所以正確形式是 were affected。
選項分析
(A) who was part of the team
此部分正確。
who 指的是前面的 Masi。Masi 是單數,因此使用單數動詞 was:
Masi, who was part of the team ...
意思是「Masi 是該團隊的一員」。
若改成 who were part,反而會造成主詞動詞不一致。
(B) that worked with the young survivors and families
此部分正確。
that 指的是前面的 the team,形成關係子句:
the team that worked with ...
意思是「那個與年輕倖存者及其家屬一起工作的團隊」。
worked with 是固定搭配,意為「與……合作;協助……」。此處描述團隊過去所從事的工作,使用過去式 worked 合理。
(C) was affected by the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in 2012
此部分錯誤。
若此片語修飾 families,其完整結構應為:
第 31 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
We’ve all heard amazing stories in which people struggle heroically to survive against all odds. The truth, though, is that not all survivors are quite so heroic. As the following story shows, the will to survive isn’t always so strong. Thrilling yet terrifying, the Marathon des Sables is arguably the world’s toughest foot race. Competitors attempt a six-day, 150-mile run across the Sahara Desert in temperatures of over 100 degrees.
Just imagine getting lost in the Sahara Desert. That is exactly what happened to an Italian policeman named Mauro Prosperi, a regular competitor, when he took part in the race in 1994. He said, “When strong winds blew over a desert, tiny particles of sand began to vibrate before they’re whipped into the air. A sandstorm can reach heights of 15 meters, travelling at speeds of up to 40 kilometers an hour. Inside the dark, howling center of a storm, sand lacerated the skin, eyes and throat.” Fearing that he could be buried in sand and unwilling to give up his position in the race, he kept moving. This was against the advice of race organizers who had instructed runners to stop and take cover in a sleeping bag if a sandstorm enveloped them. After eight hours trapped in the storm, Prosperi found himself suddenly, palpably alone in the still desert night.
With no water, no food and no hope, Prosperi made a decision: this little tomb would also be his final resting place. But when his attempt did not succeed, Prosperi said he soon “came to my senses.” “I realized that the marathon was moving on, that I couldn’t rely on the race officials to save me,” he said, “I decided I must confront the desert myself.” For three whole days, Mauro tried to find his way back to the course, with barely any water and no idea what direction he was heading in. He started to visualize the agonizing death he would soon have to face. A friend had once told him that dying of thirst was the worst of all possible deaths. Fearing such a long and painful death, he decided to cut his wrists with a knife. But, short of water, his blood was thick and would not flow. Five more days passed until, miraculously, a group of Tuareg nomads found him and took him to a village.
Mauro discovered he was in Algeria, more than 180 miles away from the race course. In 1995, a documentary crew returned to the shrine where Prosperi sheltered for several days and found some of his belongings, along with bat skeletons. Two years after his ordeal, Prosperi felt well enough to return to his passion: endurance running. Determined to finish what he started, he ran the Marathon des Sables. He has now completed the race six times, placing 13th in 2001.
What does the writer NOT say about the Marathon des Sables?
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核心觀念
本題是閱讀理解中的「反向判斷題」,題目問:
What does the writer NOT say about the Marathon des Sables?
也就是要找出文章沒有提及、或無法由文章直接推得的敘述。解題時須將各選項改寫成文章中的同義資訊,再逐一比對。
本題的關鍵在於:
- thrilling = 令人非常興奮且愉快的
- tough / difficult = 困難的、艱苦的
- life-or-death situation = 生死攸關的情況
- a sense of achievement = 成就感
- extreme weather = 極端天候
- get lost = 迷路
- against all odds = 儘管困難重重
校方釋疑指出,依 English Dictionary,thrilling 的意思是 “very and enjoyable”,因此文章確實提到這場比賽能讓人感到非常興奮、刺激;真正未提及的是 a real sense of achievement。
解題方法
先尋找文章中直接描述 Marathon des Sables 的語句:
“Thrilling yet terrifying, the Marathon des Sables is arguably the world’s toughest foot race.”
意思是:
「馬拉松沙漠賽既令人興奮又令人恐懼,可以說是全世界最艱難的越野賽跑。」
這一句直接支持:
- thrilling → 令人非常興奮
- terrifying → 令人恐懼
- toughest foot race → 極其困難
文章後文又描述:
“Competitors attempt a six-day, 150-mile run across the Sahara Desert in temperatures of over 100 degrees.”
意思是:
「參賽者試圖在攝氏一百度以上的高溫中,花六天跑完橫越撒哈拉沙漠、長達一百五十英里的賽程。」
此外,文章敘述 Prosperi 遇到沙塵暴、迷路、缺水、缺乏食物,甚至面臨死亡,並在最後寫道:
“Determined to finish what he started, he ran the Marathon des Sables.”
意思是:
「他決心完成自己開始的事情,因此再次參加馬拉松沙漠賽。」
但文章雖然說明 Prosperi 後來完成比賽六次,並未明確表示這場比賽「帶給參賽者真正的成就感」。因此 B 是未被作者說出的內容。
選項分析
(A) It makes you feel incredibly excited.
它讓你感到極度興奮。
正確。文章第一段直接使用 thrilling 描述 Marathon des Sables。依校方釋疑,thrilling 即「very exciting and enjoyable」,可對應 incredibly excited。
此外,thrilling yet terrifying 中的 yet 表示「然而、但是」,形成「既刺激又恐怖」的對比。這場比賽雖然危險,仍具有高度刺激性。
(B) It gives you a real sense of achievement.
它帶給你真正的成就感。
錯誤,這是正確答案。文章沒有使用或明確表達 a sense of achievement 這個概念。
文章只提到:
“Determined to finish what he started, he ran the Marathon des Sables.”
這表示 Prosperi 有完成比賽的決心;又提到他後來完成六次,並在 2001 年取得第 13 名。然而,「完成比賽」不等於作者明確說「這場比賽帶來成就感」。這是根據人物行動所作的合理聯想,不是文章直接陳述的內容。
(C) It’s extremely difficult.
它極其困難。
正確。文章稱其為:
“the world’s toughest foot race”
意思是:
「全世界最艱難的越野賽跑。」
第 32 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
We’ve all heard amazing stories in which people struggle heroically to survive against all odds. The truth, though, is that not all survivors are quite so heroic. As the following story shows, the will to survive isn’t always so strong. Thrilling yet terrifying, the Marathon des Sables is arguably the world’s toughest foot race. Competitors attempt a six-day, 150-mile run across the Sahara Desert in temperatures of over 100 degrees.
Just imagine getting lost in the Sahara Desert. That is exactly what happened to an Italian policeman named Mauro Prosperi, a regular competitor, when he took part in the race in 1994. He said, “When strong winds blew over a desert, tiny particles of sand began to vibrate before they’re whipped into the air. A sandstorm can reach heights of 15 meters, travelling at speeds of up to 40 kilometers an hour. Inside the dark, howling center of a storm, sand lacerated the skin, eyes and throat.” Fearing that he could be buried in sand and unwilling to give up his position in the race, he kept moving. This was against the advice of race organizers who had instructed runners to stop and take cover in a sleeping bag if a sandstorm enveloped them. After eight hours trapped in the storm, Prosperi found himself suddenly, palpably alone in the still desert night.
With no water, no food and no hope, Prosperi made a decision: this little tomb would also be his final resting place. But when his attempt did not succeed, Prosperi said he soon “came to my senses.” “I realized that the marathon was moving on, that I couldn’t rely on the race officials to save me,” he said, “I decided I must confront the desert myself.” For three whole days, Mauro tried to find his way back to the course, with barely any water and no idea what direction he was heading in. He started to visualize the agonizing death he would soon have to face. A friend had once told him that dying of thirst was the worst of all possible deaths. Fearing such a long and painful death, he decided to cut his wrists with a knife. But, short of water, his blood was thick and would not flow. Five more days passed until, miraculously, a group of Tuareg nomads found him and took him to a village.
Mauro discovered he was in Algeria, more than 180 miles away from the race course. In 1995, a documentary crew returned to the shrine where Prosperi sheltered for several days and found some of his belongings, along with bat skeletons. Two years after his ordeal, Prosperi felt well enough to return to his passion: endurance running. Determined to finish what he started, he ran the Marathon des Sables. He has now completed the race six times, placing 13th in 2001.
In which of the positions marked [1], [2], [3], [4] and [5] does the following sentence best belong?
“We wonder what we would have done in similar impossible situations and find it hard to imagine how these people found the strength to stay alive.”
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核心觀念
本題考「篇章結構與代名詞指涉」,判斷句子插入位置時,須觀察:
- 代名詞或指示語是否能找到合理的前文對象。
- 句子與前後文的語意是否銜接。
- 文章是否按照「總說 → 舉例 → 細節 → 結果」的順序發展。
- 轉折詞,如
though、but、when,是否能自然承接。
待插入句為:
“We wonder what we would have done in similar impossible situations and find it hard to imagine how these people found the strength to stay alive.”
翻譯:
「我們會想知道,若身處類似的艱難情境,我們自己會怎麼做;也很難想像這些人究竟如何找到活下去的力量。」
其中:
wonder:想知道、納悶similar:類似的impossible situations:極度困難、幾乎不可能脫困的情況find it hard to + V:覺得做某事很困難find the strength to survive/stay alive:找到活下去的力量these people:這些人,必須有前文先介紹相關人物stay alive:活下來、生存
句子的核心功能,是承接前文提到的「英勇求生故事」,並引出後文對生還者未必都英勇的補充說明。
解題方法
文章開頭先提出一般性的背景:
“We’ve all heard amazing stories in which people struggle heroically to survive against all odds.”
翻譯:
「我們都聽過許多令人驚嘆的故事,故事中的人們在極端不利的情況下英勇奮力求生。」
這句先提到許多「英勇求生的人」,待插入句中的:
“these people”
正好回指前句的 people,形成清楚的代名詞指涉:
people→these people
接著文章寫道:
“The truth, though, is that not all survivors are quite so heroic.”
翻譯:
「然而,事實是,並非所有生還者都如此英勇。」
though 表示轉折,從一般人對求生者的崇敬與想像,轉到「有些生還者並不那麼英勇」。因此,最自然的篇章順序是:
- 我們聽過英勇求生的故事。
- 我們難以想像那些人如何活下來。
- 然而,並非所有生還者都很英勇。
- 以下故事便是例子。
因此,句子應放在第一個位置,即選項 A。
定位答案的關鍵原文
前文:
“We’ve all heard amazing stories in which people struggle heroically to survive against all odds.”
待插入句:
“We wonder what we would have done in similar impossible situations and find it hard to imagine how these people found the strength to stay alive.”
後文:
“The truth, though, is that not all survivors are quite so heroic.”
這三句形成完整的語意鏈:
聽過英勇求生的故事
→ 我們難以想像自己會怎麼做,也難以想像他們如何活下來
→ 然而,並非所有生還者都很英勇
其中 these people 回指第一句的 people,而 though 則自然引出後面的反差。
選項分析
(A) 1:正確
放在第一句之後:
第 33 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
We’ve all heard amazing stories in which people struggle heroically to survive against all odds. The truth, though, is that not all survivors are quite so heroic. As the following story shows, the will to survive isn’t always so strong. Thrilling yet terrifying, the Marathon des Sables is arguably the world’s toughest foot race. Competitors attempt a six-day, 150-mile run across the Sahara Desert in temperatures of over 100 degrees.
Just imagine getting lost in the Sahara Desert. That is exactly what happened to an Italian policeman named Mauro Prosperi, a regular competitor, when he took part in the race in 1994. He said, “When strong winds blew over a desert, tiny particles of sand began to vibrate before they’re whipped into the air. A sandstorm can reach heights of 15 meters, travelling at speeds of up to 40 kilometers an hour. Inside the dark, howling center of a storm, sand lacerated the skin, eyes and throat.” Fearing that he could be buried in sand and unwilling to give up his position in the race, he kept moving. This was against the advice of race organizers who had instructed runners to stop and take cover in a sleeping bag if a sandstorm enveloped them. After eight hours trapped in the storm, Prosperi found himself suddenly, palpably alone in the still desert night.
With no water, no food and no hope, Prosperi made a decision: this little tomb would also be his final resting place. But when his attempt did not succeed, Prosperi said he soon “came to my senses.” “I realized that the marathon was moving on, that I couldn’t rely on the race officials to save me,” he said, “I decided I must confront the desert myself.” For three whole days, Mauro tried to find his way back to the course, with barely any water and no idea what direction he was heading in. He started to visualize the agonizing death he would soon have to face. A friend had once told him that dying of thirst was the worst of all possible deaths. Fearing such a long and painful death, he decided to cut his wrists with a knife. But, short of water, his blood was thick and would not flow. Five more days passed until, miraculously, a group of Tuareg nomads found him and took him to a village.
Mauro discovered he was in Algeria, more than 180 miles away from the race course. In 1995, a documentary crew returned to the shrine where Prosperi sheltered for several days and found some of his belongings, along with bat skeletons. Two years after his ordeal, Prosperi felt well enough to return to his passion: endurance running. Determined to finish what he started, he ran the Marathon des Sables. He has now completed the race six times, placing 13th in 2001.
In the final paragraph, the word “ordeal” in line 3 is closest in meaning to _____.
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核心觀念
本題考查字義判斷,必須根據上下文判斷 ordeal 的語意。文章描述 Mauro Prosperi 在撒哈拉沙漠中迷路、缺水缺糧、遭遇沙塵暴,甚至企圖割腕,最後才被遊牧民族救出。因此,ordeal 指的是「極其艱苦、痛苦的經歷;磨難」。
題目句為:
Two years after his ordeal, Prosperi felt well enough to return to his passion: endurance running.
在那段苦難經歷兩年後,Prosperi 覺得身體狀況已恢復到足以重拾他的熱情:耐力跑。
由上下文可知,ordeal 是指他在沙漠中求生的整段艱難遭遇,最接近 trial。
解題方法
- 先定位關鍵句:
Two years after his ordeal。 - 回看前文,確認這段經歷包含:
- 在沙塵暴中受困八小時;
- 沒有水、食物與希望;
- 在沙漠中迷路多日;
- 因缺水而試圖割腕;
- 最後被 Tuareg nomads 救起。
- 因此,ordeal 不可能是一般的「命令、勇氣」等抽象概念,而是指一段痛苦且危險的考驗。
- trial 除了表示「審判、審理」,也可表示「考驗、磨難」,在本題採第二義,故選 D。
選項分析
-
(A) affluence:富裕、富足。
與 Prosperi 在沙漠中缺水、缺糧、瀕臨死亡的遭遇完全相反,語意不合。 -
(B) command:命令、指揮。
文章沒有指出他接受或發布命令;ordeal是一段艱苦經歷,不是命令。 -
(C) devastation:破壞、蹂躪、毀滅。
此字通常描述大規模的破壞結果,例如戰爭造成的毀滅。本文焦點是 Prosperi 個人經歷的苦難,並非沙漠遭到破壞,因此不合。 -
(D) trial:考驗、磨難;審判。
本題使用「考驗、磨難」之意,能完整概括他迷路、缺水、求生及獲救的痛苦歷程,與 ordeal 最接近。 -
(E) valor:英勇、勇氣。
文章開頭提到有些生還者未必英勇,且 Prosperi 一度企圖自殺;valor表示英勇的特質,並非這段艱難遭遇本身。
文法與語意重點
第 34 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
We’ve all heard amazing stories in which people struggle heroically to survive against all odds. The truth, though, is that not all survivors are quite so heroic. As the following story shows, the will to survive isn’t always so strong. Thrilling yet terrifying, the Marathon des Sables is arguably the world’s toughest foot race. Competitors attempt a six-day, 150-mile run across the Sahara Desert in temperatures of over 100 degrees.
Just imagine getting lost in the Sahara Desert. That is exactly what happened to an Italian policeman named Mauro Prosperi, a regular competitor, when he took part in the race in 1994. He said, “When strong winds blew over a desert, tiny particles of sand began to vibrate before they’re whipped into the air. A sandstorm can reach heights of 15 meters, travelling at speeds of up to 40 kilometers an hour. Inside the dark, howling center of a storm, sand lacerated the skin, eyes and throat.” Fearing that he could be buried in sand and unwilling to give up his position in the race, he kept moving. This was against the advice of race organizers who had instructed runners to stop and take cover in a sleeping bag if a sandstorm enveloped them. After eight hours trapped in the storm, Prosperi found himself suddenly, palpably alone in the still desert night.
With no water, no food and no hope, Prosperi made a decision: this little tomb would also be his final resting place. But when his attempt did not succeed, Prosperi said he soon “came to my senses.” “I realized that the marathon was moving on, that I couldn’t rely on the race officials to save me,” he said, “I decided I must confront the desert myself.” For three whole days, Mauro tried to find his way back to the course, with barely any water and no idea what direction he was heading in. He started to visualize the agonizing death he would soon have to face. A friend had once told him that dying of thirst was the worst of all possible deaths. Fearing such a long and painful death, he decided to cut his wrists with a knife. But, short of water, his blood was thick and would not flow. Five more days passed until, miraculously, a group of Tuareg nomads found him and took him to a village.
Mauro discovered he was in Algeria, more than 180 miles away from the race course. In 1995, a documentary crew returned to the shrine where Prosperi sheltered for several days and found some of his belongings, along with bat skeletons. Two years after his ordeal, Prosperi felt well enough to return to his passion: endurance running. Determined to finish what he started, he ran the Marathon des Sables. He has now completed the race six times, placing 13th in 2001.
Mauro attempted suicide because _____.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「因果關係判斷」。關鍵不是只找出文中出現的相同字詞,而是判斷 Mauro Prosperi 為何決定割腕自殺。
文章指出,他在沙漠中缺水、缺糧,並預想自己即將面臨痛苦的死亡。他曾聽朋友說,因口渴而死是所有死法中最糟糕的一種,因此害怕長時間、痛苦地渴死,決定割腕。
解題方法
先定位題幹中的事件:
“Fearing such a long and painful death, he decided to cut his wrists with a knife.”
翻譯:
「由於害怕這種漫長而痛苦的死亡,他決定用刀割腕。」
其中:
- Fearing:因為害怕、由於擔心
- such a long and painful death:如此漫長而痛苦的死亡
- decided to cut his wrists:決定割腕
這句直接說明他的行動原因:他不想在缺水狀態下慢慢痛苦地渴死,因此選擇自殺。
前一句也提供背景:
“A friend had once told him that dying of thirst was the worst of all possible deaths.”
翻譯:
「一位朋友曾告訴他,因口渴而死是所有可能的死法中最糟糕的一種。」
因此,正確因果鏈為:
關鍵單字、片語與語意重點
- attempt suicide:企圖自殺
- dying of thirst:因口渴、缺水而死
- the worst of all possible deaths:所有可能死法中最糟糕的一種
- fear:害怕、恐懼
- long and painful death:漫長而痛苦的死亡
- cut one’s wrists:割腕
- short of water:缺水、沒有足夠的水
- blood was thick and would not flow:血液濃稠,無法流出
- come to one’s senses:恢復理智、清醒過來
- confront the desert:面對沙漠的困境
- barely any water:幾乎沒有水
文法上,句首的 Fearing such a long and painful death 是現在分詞片語,作為原因副詞片語,修飾主句:
可還原為:
所以「害怕慢慢痛苦地死亡」是決定割腕的直接原因。
選項分析
(A) he knew someone who had died of thirst
他知道某人曾因口渴而死。
錯誤。文章只說:
第 35 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
We’ve all heard amazing stories in which people struggle heroically to survive against all odds. The truth, though, is that not all survivors are quite so heroic. As the following story shows, the will to survive isn’t always so strong. Thrilling yet terrifying, the Marathon des Sables is arguably the world’s toughest foot race. Competitors attempt a six-day, 150-mile run across the Sahara Desert in temperatures of over 100 degrees.
Just imagine getting lost in the Sahara Desert. That is exactly what happened to an Italian policeman named Mauro Prosperi, a regular competitor, when he took part in the race in 1994. He said, “When strong winds blew over a desert, tiny particles of sand began to vibrate before they’re whipped into the air. A sandstorm can reach heights of 15 meters, travelling at speeds of up to 40 kilometers an hour. Inside the dark, howling center of a storm, sand lacerated the skin, eyes and throat.” Fearing that he could be buried in sand and unwilling to give up his position in the race, he kept moving. This was against the advice of race organizers who had instructed runners to stop and take cover in a sleeping bag if a sandstorm enveloped them. After eight hours trapped in the storm, Prosperi found himself suddenly, palpably alone in the still desert night.
With no water, no food and no hope, Prosperi made a decision: this little tomb would also be his final resting place. But when his attempt did not succeed, Prosperi said he soon “came to my senses.” “I realized that the marathon was moving on, that I couldn’t rely on the race officials to save me,” he said, “I decided I must confront the desert myself.” For three whole days, Mauro tried to find his way back to the course, with barely any water and no idea what direction he was heading in. He started to visualize the agonizing death he would soon have to face. A friend had once told him that dying of thirst was the worst of all possible deaths. Fearing such a long and painful death, he decided to cut his wrists with a knife. But, short of water, his blood was thick and would not flow. Five more days passed until, miraculously, a group of Tuareg nomads found him and took him to a village.
Mauro discovered he was in Algeria, more than 180 miles away from the race course. In 1995, a documentary crew returned to the shrine where Prosperi sheltered for several days and found some of his belongings, along with bat skeletons. Two years after his ordeal, Prosperi felt well enough to return to his passion: endurance running. Determined to finish what he started, he ran the Marathon des Sables. He has now completed the race six times, placing 13th in 2001.
Mauro was rescued _____.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 閱讀文章中的時間線索。
- 介系詞片語與關係子句的理解。
- 依據原文判斷人物獲救的時間、地點與方式。
- 排除加入原文未提及資訊的干擾選項。
題目問:
Mauro was rescued _____.
意為:「Mauro 被救援時,符合下列哪一項?」
關鍵在於文章第三段明確交代他的求生經過:
For three whole days, Mauro tried to find his way back to the course...
Mauro 花了整整三天試圖找回賽道路線……
接著:
Five more days passed until, miraculously, a group of Tuareg nomads found him and took him to a village.
又過了五天,奇蹟般地,一群圖阿雷格遊牧民族發現了他,並把他帶到一座村莊。
因此,從他開始迷路後計算:
所以他是在迷路八天後獲救。
解題方法
先找題目問的核心資訊:獲救的「時間、地點、救援者、後續處置、發現方式」。
文章提供的資訊如下:
- 時間:迷路後先尋找三天,接著又過五天才被發現。
- 救援者:一群 Tuareg nomads,即「圖阿雷格遊牧民族」。
- 地點:被帶到一座村莊,後文說明是在 Algeria,即「阿爾及利亞」。
- 距離:阿爾及利亞距離比賽路線超過 180 英里。
- 發現方式:遊牧民族直接找到他,並非發現他留下的痕跡。
- 後續處置:文章只說他被帶到村莊,沒有說被送回義大利。
題目選項中,只有選項 A 完整符合文章的時間線。
定位答案的原文
For three whole days, Mauro tried to find his way back to the course... Five more days passed until, miraculously, a group of Tuareg nomads found him and took him to a village.
翻譯:
Mauro 花了整整三天試圖找回賽道路線……又過了五天,奇蹟般地,一群圖阿雷格遊牧民族發現了他,並把他帶到一座村莊。
這兩句合計八天,直接支持:
(A) eight days after he got lost
他迷路八天後獲救。
選項分析
(A) eight days after he got lost
正確。
文章先說:
For three whole days
整整三天
再說:
Five more days passed until... found him
又過了五天,直到有人發現他。
計算為:
因此,Mauro 是迷路八天後被救。
文中提到他在沙塵暴中受困八小時,但那是「被困在沙塵暴中」的時間,不是完整的獲救時間。題目考的是後續三天加五天的時間線。
(B) not far from where he first got lost
錯誤。
文章最後明確指出:
Mauro discovered he was in Algeria, more than 180 miles away from the race course.
翻譯:
Mauro 發現自己身在阿爾及利亞,距離比賽路線超過 180 英里。
「more than 180 miles away」表示距離非常遙遠,與 not far from「離……不遠」相反。
關鍵字:
- not far from:離……不遠
- more than 180 miles away:距離超過 180 英里
(C) by people who had been looking for him
錯誤。
原文說:
a group of Tuareg nomads found him
意思是「一群圖阿雷格遊牧民族發現了他」,文章沒有表示這些人事先接獲通知,也沒有說他們正在搜尋 Mauro。
had been looking for him 是過去完成進行式,表示「在過去某一時間以前一直尋找他」。選項額外加入了「他們一直在找他」的資訊,原文並未支持。
第 36 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The recent kidnapping of four Americans in Mexico brought attention to a common practice for many people in the United States: medical tourism. The four Americans were caught in a shootout between criminal drug organizations. A family member said the four were on a trip from the U.S. so that one of them could get cosmetic surgery from a doctor in Matamoros.
Arturo Bustamante, a health policy professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, said that those who visit Mexico for care are mostly Mexican or Latino immigrants living in the U.S. He said non-Latino patients mainly cross the border to get treatment for their teeth, buy prescription drugs, or to receive cosmetic surgery or some cancer treatments not covered in the U.S.
However, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (or CDC) warns that medical tourism could be risky depending on the country and the medical center. Among the risks are infectious diseases, quality of care, language difficulties, and follow-up care.
To reduce risks, the CDC advises people to work with a healthcare provider or travel medicine provider before making the trip. Lydia Gan of North Carolina noted that care providers often have someone pick patients up at the airport and take them to the health center or hotel. Edelheit of the Medical Tourism Association added that patients should research care quality before considering prices. “They really need to make sure they are going with the best of the best,” he said.
Once patients choose a country and a provider, the CDC advises to bring medical records and to inform medical workers of any health problems. After a procedure, the agency says to get copies of all new medical records and to plan for follow-up care. If someone has medical problems after returning home, it may be hard for their doctor to learn the details about the care received during a trip.
What is the writer’s main purpose for writing this passage?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀測驗中的「文章主旨判斷」。主旨不是尋找單一細節,而是綜合:
- 文章反覆討論的核心主題。
- 作者花最多篇幅強調的觀點。
- 各段之間的邏輯關係。
- 結尾提出的主要提醒或結論。
本文主題是 medical tourism(醫療觀光),但文章重點並非介紹其便利性或推廣方式,而是集中說明醫療觀光可能帶來的風險,以及降低風險的方法。因此正確答案為 (B)To highlight the risks of medical tourism.
解題方法
判斷主旨時,可先觀察文章的篇章結構:
- 第一段:以墨西哥綁架事件引出醫療觀光。
- 第二段:說明人們前往墨西哥接受哪些醫療服務。
- 第三段:明確提出疾病、醫療品質、語言及後續照護等風險。
- 第四、五段:引用專家與 CDC 的建議,說明如何降低這些風險。
第三段是全文的核心轉折:
“However, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (or CDC) warns that medical tourism could be risky depending on the country and the medical center.”
翻譯為:
然而,美國疾病管制與預防中心(CDC)警告,醫療觀光可能具有風險,這取決於目的國家與醫療中心。
其中 However 表示語意轉折,將文章從「人們為何進行醫療觀光」轉向「醫療觀光有哪些風險」。後文也都圍繞風險管理展開:
“Among the risks are infectious diseases, quality of care, language difficulties, and follow-up care.”
翻譯為:
這些風險包括傳染病、照護品質、語言困難以及後續照護問題。
因此,全文主旨是提醒讀者注意醫療觀光的危險,而不是單純介紹這種現象。
關鍵單字與片語
- kidnapping:綁架
- shootout:槍戰
- criminal drug organizations:犯罪性的販毒組織
- cosmetic surgery:整形手術、美容手術
- medical tourism:醫療觀光
- health policy professor:健康政策教授
- treatment:治療
- prescription drugs:處方藥
- cancer treatments:癌症治療
- infectious diseases:傳染病
- quality of care:醫療照護品質
- language difficulties:語言溝通困難
- follow-up care:後續照護
- reduce risks:降低風險
- healthcare provider:醫療照護提供者
- travel medicine provider:旅遊醫學專業人員
- care quality:照護品質
- medical records:病歷、醫療紀錄
- procedure:醫療程序、手術
- receive care:接受醫療照護
- make sure:確保
- the best of the best:最優秀者中的頂尖者
文法與語意重點
- 主旨題要看全文,不可只看首段
第一段提到四名美國人前往墨西哥接受整形手術,這只是引發話題的例子,不代表文章目的是批評墨西哥或介紹整形手術。
- However 是重要轉折詞
第 37 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The recent kidnapping of four Americans in Mexico brought attention to a common practice for many people in the United States: medical tourism. The four Americans were caught in a shootout between criminal drug organizations. A family member said the four were on a trip from the U.S. so that one of them could get cosmetic surgery from a doctor in Matamoros.
Arturo Bustamante, a health policy professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, said that those who visit Mexico for care are mostly Mexican or Latino immigrants living in the U.S. He said non-Latino patients mainly cross the border to get treatment for their teeth, buy prescription drugs, or to receive cosmetic surgery or some cancer treatments not covered in the U.S.
However, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (or CDC) warns that medical tourism could be risky depending on the country and the medical center. Among the risks are infectious diseases, quality of care, language difficulties, and follow-up care.
To reduce risks, the CDC advises people to work with a healthcare provider or travel medicine provider before making the trip. Lydia Gan of North Carolina noted that care providers often have someone pick patients up at the airport and take them to the health center or hotel. Edelheit of the Medical Tourism Association added that patients should research care quality before considering prices. “They really need to make sure they are going with the best of the best,” he said.
Once patients choose a country and a provider, the CDC advises to bring medical records and to inform medical workers of any health problems. After a procedure, the agency says to get copies of all new medical records and to plan for follow-up care. If someone has medical problems after returning home, it may be hard for their doctor to learn the details about the care received during a trip.
What type of information is included in the first paragraph?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「文體與資訊類型判斷」,關鍵在於辨認第一段提供的是哪一種文字內容。
題幹第一段先敘述四名美國人在墨西哥遭遇槍戰、其中一人前往接受整形手術的事件,再由此引出美國常見的 medical tourism(醫療旅遊) 現象。因此,第一段主要是對某件已發生事件的報導或敘述。
定位答案的關鍵句
The recent kidnapping of four Americans in Mexico brought attention to a common practice for many people in the United States: medical tourism.
翻譯:最近四名美國人在墨西哥遭到綁架的事件,使大眾注意到美國許多人常見的一種行為:醫療旅遊。
其中 account 的意思是「對已發生事情的書面描述或報導」:
An account is a written report of something that has happened.
第一段正是敘述四名美國人遭遇綁架及前往墨西哥接受醫療服務的事件,符合 account 的定義。
解題方法
判斷文體時,先觀察段落的主要功能:
- 是否敘述一件已經發生的事件?
- 是否提出作者對事件的主觀立場?
- 是否追溯某段歷史或過去發展?
- 是否具有諷刺、悼念、評論等特殊目的?
第一段以 The recent kidnapping... 開頭,接著補充四名美國人的遭遇與行程,內容重點是「報導一件事件」,沒有明顯的作者評論或諷刺語氣,因此選 account。
選項分析
(A) A sarcasm
sarcasm 意為「諷刺、挖苦」,通常透過表面稱讚、實際嘲諷的語氣表達反意。
第一段只是客觀敘述綁架事件與醫療旅遊,沒有反語、嘲笑或挖苦的語氣,因此錯誤。
(B) An account
account 意為「記述、報導、敘述」,指以文字報告某件已發生的事情。
第一段描述四名美國人在墨西哥遭遇槍戰與綁架,並說明他們前往墨西哥的原因,完全符合「對已發生事件的報導」這項定義,因此正確。
(C) An editorial
editorial 意為「社論」,通常代表報紙、媒體或作者對某項公共議題的立場與評論。
第 38 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The recent kidnapping of four Americans in Mexico brought attention to a common practice for many people in the United States: medical tourism. The four Americans were caught in a shootout between criminal drug organizations. A family member said the four were on a trip from the U.S. so that one of them could get cosmetic surgery from a doctor in Matamoros.
Arturo Bustamante, a health policy professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, said that those who visit Mexico for care are mostly Mexican or Latino immigrants living in the U.S. He said non-Latino patients mainly cross the border to get treatment for their teeth, buy prescription drugs, or to receive cosmetic surgery or some cancer treatments not covered in the U.S.
However, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (or CDC) warns that medical tourism could be risky depending on the country and the medical center. Among the risks are infectious diseases, quality of care, language difficulties, and follow-up care.
To reduce risks, the CDC advises people to work with a healthcare provider or travel medicine provider before making the trip. Lydia Gan of North Carolina noted that care providers often have someone pick patients up at the airport and take them to the health center or hotel. Edelheit of the Medical Tourism Association added that patients should research care quality before considering prices. “They really need to make sure they are going with the best of the best,” he said.
Once patients choose a country and a provider, the CDC advises to bring medical records and to inform medical workers of any health problems. After a procedure, the agency says to get copies of all new medical records and to plan for follow-up care. If someone has medical problems after returning home, it may be hard for their doctor to learn the details about the care received during a trip.
Regarding medical tourism, which of the following suggestions is NOT provided in the passage?
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核心觀念
本題是閱讀測驗中的「細節辨識題」,題目問:
Regarding medical tourism, which of the following suggestions is NOT provided in the passage?
關鍵字是 NOT provided,意思是「文章沒有提供哪一項建議」。解題時必須逐一比對選項與文章內容,找出文章未曾建議的事項。
本題也考以下字詞與語意:
- medical tourism:醫療旅遊,指跨國接受醫療服務。
- cosmetic surgery:整形手術、美容手術。
- prescription drugs:處方藥。
- follow-up care:後續照護、術後追蹤。
- medical records:病歷、醫療紀錄。
- healthcare provider:醫療照護提供者、醫療人員或醫療機構。
- travel medicine provider:旅遊醫學醫療提供者。
- research care quality:調查醫療照護品質。
- before considering prices:在考慮價格之前。
解題方法
文章主要提出降低醫療旅遊風險的建議,包括:
- 出發前先尋求醫療照護者或旅遊醫學提供者的協助。
- 事先調查醫療照護品質。
- 攜帶病歷,並告知醫療人員自己的健康問題。
- 手術後取得所有新的醫療紀錄。
- 預先安排返國後的後續照護。
其中最關鍵的句子是:
Edelheit of the Medical Tourism Association added that patients should research care quality before considering prices.
翻譯為:
Medical Tourism Association 的 Edelheit 補充說,病患應該先調查醫療照護品質,再考慮價格。
這句明確表示病患不應以「選擇較便宜的醫療程序」作為文章所提供的建議。相反地,文章強調應優先選擇品質最好的醫療服務。
選項分析
(A) Choose cheaper medical procedures.
選擇較便宜的醫療程序。
錯誤。文章並未建議病患選擇較便宜的醫療程序,反而明確表示:
patients should research care quality before considering prices
也就是「先考量醫療品質,再考量價格」。因此,「選擇便宜的醫療程序」不是文章提供的建議。
(B) Obtain all new medical records.
取得所有新的醫療紀錄。
正確。文章明確指出:
After a procedure, the agency says to get copies of all new medical records and to plan for follow-up care.
翻譯為:
第 39 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The recent kidnapping of four Americans in Mexico brought attention to a common practice for many people in the United States: medical tourism. The four Americans were caught in a shootout between criminal drug organizations. A family member said the four were on a trip from the U.S. so that one of them could get cosmetic surgery from a doctor in Matamoros.
Arturo Bustamante, a health policy professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, said that those who visit Mexico for care are mostly Mexican or Latino immigrants living in the U.S. He said non-Latino patients mainly cross the border to get treatment for their teeth, buy prescription drugs, or to receive cosmetic surgery or some cancer treatments not covered in the U.S.
However, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (or CDC) warns that medical tourism could be risky depending on the country and the medical center. Among the risks are infectious diseases, quality of care, language difficulties, and follow-up care.
To reduce risks, the CDC advises people to work with a healthcare provider or travel medicine provider before making the trip. Lydia Gan of North Carolina noted that care providers often have someone pick patients up at the airport and take them to the health center or hotel. Edelheit of the Medical Tourism Association added that patients should research care quality before considering prices. “They really need to make sure they are going with the best of the best,” he said.
Once patients choose a country and a provider, the CDC advises to bring medical records and to inform medical workers of any health problems. After a procedure, the agency says to get copies of all new medical records and to plan for follow-up care. If someone has medical problems after returning home, it may be hard for their doctor to learn the details about the care received during a trip.
Which of the following statements is true?
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核心觀念
本題為英文閱讀理解,考查:
- 能否掌握文章主旨與細節。
- 能否辨識選項中的「全稱、否定、因果」等陷阱。
- 關鍵語意為 medical tourism 的風險與降低風險的方法,尤其是術後追蹤照護(follow-up care)。
文章指出,赴海外接受醫療服務可能面臨感染、醫療品質、語言及術後追蹤等問題,因此患者在接受治療後,應取得完整醫療紀錄,並事先安排後續照護。
解題方法
本題應採「逐項回文定位」:
- 先找文章中關於術後照護的句子。
- 再將各選項與原文逐一比對。
- 特別注意選項中的絕對化字眼,例如 all、still banned、not an issue,以及與原文不符的細節。
定位答案的關鍵原文為:
“After a procedure, the agency says to get copies of all new medical records and to plan for follow-up care.”
翻譯:
「在接受醫療處置後,該機構表示,患者應取得所有新的醫療紀錄副本,並安排後續追蹤照護。」
因此,患者在返回美國前後,都必須預先思考術後照護安排;官方答案將此概括為「回美國前應準備追蹤計畫」,故選(C)。
選項分析
(A) Medical tourism is still banned in the United States.
「醫療旅遊目前在美國仍然被禁止。」
錯誤。文章只是介紹許多美國人前往其他國家接受醫療服務的現象,並未表示美國禁止 medical tourism。相反地,文中提到美國疾病管制與預防中心(CDC)針對醫療旅遊提出風險警告與安全建議,顯示這是一種受到討論與管理的行為,而非被全面禁止。
關鍵字:
- medical tourism:醫療旅遊
- be banned:被禁止
- still:仍然
(B) All cancer treatments have been covered in the United States.
「所有癌症治療在美國都已受到涵蓋。」
錯誤。原文指出:
“...some cancer treatments not covered in the U.S.”
翻譯:
「有些在美國未被涵蓋的癌症治療。」
此處的 not covered in the U.S. 表示「某些癌症治療在美國未被保險或醫療制度涵蓋」,直接否定了 all cancer treatments have been covered 的說法。
關鍵字:
- cancer treatment:癌症治療
- be covered:受到涵蓋,通常指由保險或醫療制度給付
- not covered:未受涵蓋
- all:全部,具有絕對意味
文法與語意陷阱:
原文是 some ... not covered,選項卻改成 all ... covered,範圍與肯定程度完全相反。
(C) Follow-up plans should be prepared before going back to the United States.
「回美國前應準備好後續追蹤計畫。」
正確。文章明確說明患者接受處置後,應取得新的醫療紀錄,並安排 follow-up care。由於患者接受治療的地點在海外,回國後仍可能需要由美國醫師接續照護,因此在返美前規劃追蹤照護,能讓後續醫療更順利。
關鍵原文:
“After a procedure, the agency says to get copies of all new medical records and to plan for follow-up care.”
翻譯:
「接受處置後,該機構建議取得所有新的醫療紀錄副本,並安排後續追蹤照護。」
關鍵片語:
- follow-up care:後續追蹤照護
- follow-up plan:後續追蹤計畫
- plan for:為……作規劃
- before going back:回去之前;此處指返回美國前
(D) Language is not an issue for those who seek a healthcare provider for help.
「對於尋求醫療服務提供者協助的人而言,語言並不是問題。」
第 40 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The recent kidnapping of four Americans in Mexico brought attention to a common practice for many people in the United States: medical tourism. The four Americans were caught in a shootout between criminal drug organizations. A family member said the four were on a trip from the U.S. so that one of them could get cosmetic surgery from a doctor in Matamoros.
Arturo Bustamante, a health policy professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, said that those who visit Mexico for care are mostly Mexican or Latino immigrants living in the U.S. He said non-Latino patients mainly cross the border to get treatment for their teeth, buy prescription drugs, or to receive cosmetic surgery or some cancer treatments not covered in the U.S.
However, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (or CDC) warns that medical tourism could be risky depending on the country and the medical center. Among the risks are infectious diseases, quality of care, language difficulties, and follow-up care.
To reduce risks, the CDC advises people to work with a healthcare provider or travel medicine provider before making the trip. Lydia Gan of North Carolina noted that care providers often have someone pick patients up at the airport and take them to the health center or hotel. Edelheit of the Medical Tourism Association added that patients should research care quality before considering prices. “They really need to make sure they are going with the best of the best,” he said.
Once patients choose a country and a provider, the CDC advises to bring medical records and to inform medical workers of any health problems. After a procedure, the agency says to get copies of all new medical records and to plan for follow-up care. If someone has medical problems after returning home, it may be hard for their doctor to learn the details about the care received during a trip.
In which of the positions marked [1], [2], [3], [4] and [5] does the following sentence best belong?
“The risk for patients may not end after a procedure.”
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核心觀念
本題考「文章句子插入題」,重點在於判斷:
- 代名詞與指涉對象是否銜接。
- 句子與前後文的時間順序是否一致。
- 文章的論述是否由一般說明逐步進入具體建議。
- 轉折或承接語意是否自然。
待插入句為:
“The risk for patients may not end after a procedure.”
「對病人而言,風險可能不會在手術或醫療處置結束後就終止。」
句中的 after a procedure 是關鍵,表示文章即將由「接受治療前與治療當下的注意事項」,轉向「治療後及返家後的風險」。
解題方法
先觀察第五段的論述順序:
- 選定國家與醫療提供者。
- 攜帶病歷,告知醫護人員健康問題。
- 接受醫療處置後取得新的病歷,並安排後續照護。
- 回國後若出現醫療問題,可能難以掌握原先接受的治療細節。
原文定位句為:
“After a procedure, the agency says to get copies of all new medical records and to plan for follow-up care.”
「醫療處置後,CDC 建議病人取得所有新的醫療紀錄副本,並安排後續照護。」
接著是:
“If someone has medical problems after returning home, it may be hard for their doctor to learn the details about the care received during a trip.”
「如果有人回家後出現醫療問題,當地醫師可能很難了解病人在旅途中接受照護的詳細情形。」
因此,待插入句放在這兩句之間最自然:
“After a procedure, the agency says to get copies of all new medical records and to plan for follow-up care. The risk for patients may not end after a procedure. If someone has medical problems after returning home, ...”
前一句提到術後必須取得病歷、安排追蹤照護;待插入句概括指出「術後風險仍可能持續」;後一句則具體說明返家後發生醫療問題時的困難。文章形成「原則 → 具體情況」的清楚銜接。
選項分析
(A) 1 錯誤
[1] 位於討論降低醫療旅遊風險的段落開頭,前後內容主要是:
“To reduce risks, the CDC advises people to work with a healthcare provider or travel medicine provider before making the trip.”
此處是在說明出發前應尋求醫療或旅遊醫學專業協助,尚未談到醫療處置結束後的情況。若此時插入「風險可能不會在處置後終止」,時間順序會過早,與後文的術前準備及交通安排不連貫。
第 41 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Running a big business is complicated—often mind-numbingly so. Seemingly straightforward processes, such as taking an order and receiving the payment, can take thousands of possible paths. For example, if an extra credit-check is needed, delivery has to be confirmed or a follow-up invoice sent. Though often necessary, the rigmarole complicates life for companies and slows things down. The resulting inefficiencies can cost businesses eye-watering amounts—between 20% and 30% of annual revenue, according to one estimate.
Software-makers are now finding ways to untangle the procedural spaghetti with the help of “process mining.” Its dull name notwithstanding, it is one of the fastest-growing areas of information technology (IT). Celonis, a German process-miner, recently raised 13bn, making it Germany’s biggest startup and its hottest tech success story since SAP, a business-software giant, was founded 50 years ago.
Consultants have long tried to model and optimize business processes for corporate clients, but their abstract models rarely reflected the complex reality. To get a better view, two things needed to happen. Firms had to be able to extract “log files” from IT systems, showing in minute detail how these systems operate. In addition, algorithms had to be developed to process these data. Based on that, corporates can automatically construct a model which shows you what is really happening. That helps companies determine if, for instance, the extra credit check leads to unnecessary shipping delays or if the confirmation of delivery was registered in a timely fashion.
How does the author show the complication of running a corporate?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「作者如何呈現觀點」以及選項語意辨識。
題幹先指出經營大型企業十分複雜,接著以實際情境說明複雜性:一筆訂單可能涉及額外信用審查、確認配送、寄送後續發票等不同程序。因此,作者主要是透過「舉例」呈現企業流程的複雜,而非單純列出抽象或完整的詳細流程。
關鍵判斷為:
- illustrate:以例子、實例闡明
- provide instances:提供具體事例
- explain:解釋、說明原理或原因
- argue for:提出論據以支持某個主張
- expressive emotions:以強烈情感或情緒性語言表達
- mind-numbing:令人麻木、極其無聊或令人頭昏的
- syndicate:企業聯盟、報業聯合組織;不是「程序」的意思
解題方法
先找題幹中回答「作者如何呈現複雜性」的相關句子:
Seemingly straightforward processes, such as taking an order and receiving the payment, can take thousands of possible paths.
For example, if an extra credit-check is needed, delivery has to be confirmed or a follow-up invoice sent.
翻譯:
看似簡單的流程,例如接收訂單與收取款項,可能有數千種不同的處理路徑。
例如,如果需要額外進行信用審查,就必須確認配送情況,或寄送後續發票。
其中 For example 明確表示「舉例」。作者先提出大型企業流程可能有數千種路徑,再使用信用審查、配送確認與後續發票等具體情境加以說明。因此,作者是透過實例來呈現企業經營的複雜性。
選項分析
(A) The author explains it with detailed processes.
作者以詳細流程解釋這件事。
此選項不當。文章雖然提到訂單、付款、信用審查、配送確認與發票等流程,但這些內容的功能是作為具體例子,讓讀者理解「企業流程可能有很多分支」,並非完整、系統性地逐步解釋某一套詳細流程。
此外,選項使用 explains,重點偏向解釋原理或運作方式;原文最明顯的提示語是 For example,因此「舉例」比「詳細解釋流程」更精確。
(B) The author illustrates it by providing instances.
作者藉由提供實例來呈現這種複雜性。
此選項正確。文章以「額外信用審查」「確認配送」「寄送後續發票」等具體情境,說明一個看似簡單的商業流程可能產生許多不同路徑。
illustrate 有「以例子說明、闡明」之意;instances 是「事例、實例」。兩者完全符合原文的 For example 以及後續列出的具體情境。
(C) The author argues for it with specific cases.
作者以具體案例為這件事提出論證。
此選項不當。argue for 表示「提出理由支持某種主張」,通常帶有辯論或說服意味。文章的目的不是透過個案辯護「企業很複雜」這個主張,而是直接以實例讓讀者看見複雜性。
雖然 specific cases 與文章中的實際情境有關,但動詞片語 argues for 不符合作者的表達方式,因此不能選。
(D) The author describes it with expressive emotions.
作者以富有情感的方式描述這種複雜性。
此選項不當。文章確實使用一些較生動的字詞,例如:
- mind-numbingly so:令人頭昏、令人麻木地複雜
- rigmarole:繁瑣、複雜的程序
- eye-watering amounts:驚人的金額
- procedural spaghetti:像義大利麵般糾結的程序
這些字詞具有修辭色彩,但文章的主要方法仍是列舉具體事例,而不是以情緒抒發或感情描述為主。選項將局部的生動用語誇大成全文主要表達方式,故錯誤。
(E) The author demonstrates it by mind-numbing syndicates.
作者透過令人麻木的企業聯盟展示這種複雜性。
此選項錯誤且語意不通。
mind-numbing 是「令人麻木、令人頭昏的」,可用來修飾複雜、無聊或令人疲憊的事物;
第 42 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Running a big business is complicated—often mind-numbingly so. Seemingly straightforward processes, such as taking an order and receiving the payment, can take thousands of possible paths. For example, if an extra credit-check is needed, delivery has to be confirmed or a follow-up invoice sent. Though often necessary, the rigmarole complicates life for companies and slows things down. The resulting inefficiencies can cost businesses eye-watering amounts—between 20% and 30% of annual revenue, according to one estimate.
Software-makers are now finding ways to untangle the procedural spaghetti with the help of “process mining.” Its dull name notwithstanding, it is one of the fastest-growing areas of information technology (IT). Celonis, a German process-miner, recently raised 13bn, making it Germany’s biggest startup and its hottest tech success story since SAP, a business-software giant, was founded 50 years ago.
Consultants have long tried to model and optimize business processes for corporate clients, but their abstract models rarely reflected the complex reality. To get a better view, two things needed to happen. Firms had to be able to extract “log files” from IT systems, showing in minute detail how these systems operate. In addition, algorithms had to be developed to process these data. Based on that, corporates can automatically construct a model which shows you what is really happening. That helps companies determine if, for instance, the extra credit check leads to unnecessary shipping delays or if the confirmation of delivery was registered in a timely fashion.
According to the passage, which of the following is the expression “eye-watering” in the first paragraph closest in meaning to?
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核心觀念
本題考「語境中的片語意義」與同義字辨識。eye-watering 字面是「令人眼睛泛淚」,引申為「數額大得驚人、令人咋舌、非常昂貴」。此處修飾企業因效率不彰而付出的成本,表示損失金額十分龐大。
定位答案的句子
The resulting inefficiencies can cost businesses eye-watering amounts—between 20% and 30% of annual revenue, according to one estimate.
翻譯:
「由此產生的低效率可能使企業付出驚人的代價;根據一項估計,這項代價介於年營收的 20% 至 30% 之間。」
句中破折號後的 between 20% and 30% of annual revenue 是對 eye-watering amounts 的具體說明。企業一年營收的兩至三成被低效率消耗,金額顯然相當可觀,因此 eye-watering 最接近 considerable。
解題方法
先判斷 eye-watering 在句中的詞性與語意:
amounts是名詞,指「金額、數量」。eye-watering作形容詞,修飾amounts。- 後文指出損失達年營收的 20% 至 30%,因此此處不是「令人感動」或「令人振奮」,而是強調數額大、程度高。
在五個選項中,只有 considerable 有「相當大的、可觀的」之意,能自然修飾成本或金額。
選項分析
(A) credulous:輕信的、容易相信他人的。
通常形容人或人的態度,例如 a credulous child,不是形容金額。
第 43 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Running a big business is complicated—often mind-numbingly so. Seemingly straightforward processes, such as taking an order and receiving the payment, can take thousands of possible paths. For example, if an extra credit-check is needed, delivery has to be confirmed or a follow-up invoice sent. Though often necessary, the rigmarole complicates life for companies and slows things down. The resulting inefficiencies can cost businesses eye-watering amounts—between 20% and 30% of annual revenue, according to one estimate.
Software-makers are now finding ways to untangle the procedural spaghetti with the help of “process mining.” Its dull name notwithstanding, it is one of the fastest-growing areas of information technology (IT). Celonis, a German process-miner, recently raised 13bn, making it Germany’s biggest startup and its hottest tech success story since SAP, a business-software giant, was founded 50 years ago.
Consultants have long tried to model and optimize business processes for corporate clients, but their abstract models rarely reflected the complex reality. To get a better view, two things needed to happen. Firms had to be able to extract “log files” from IT systems, showing in minute detail how these systems operate. In addition, algorithms had to be developed to process these data. Based on that, corporates can automatically construct a model which shows you what is really happening. That helps companies determine if, for instance, the extra credit check leads to unnecessary shipping delays or if the confirmation of delivery was registered in a timely fashion.
What is the purpose of process mining?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨與目的判斷」。解題重點是找出文章說明某項技術的「功能」與「帶來的效果」。
文中的 process mining(流程探勘) 是利用企業資訊系統留下的 log files(紀錄檔),再透過演算法分析資料,建立符合實際運作情形的流程模型。企業可藉此找出流程中的延誤、重複或不必要步驟,進而改善與更新商業流程。
因此,process mining 的目的不是使流程更複雜,而是協助企業發現問題、提升效率、最佳化流程。
解題方法
文章先指出企業流程十分複雜,且低效率會造成高額損失:
“The resulting inefficiencies can cost businesses eye-watering amounts—between 20% and 30% of annual revenue…”
意為:「由此產生的低效率可能使企業付出驚人的代價,損失營收的 20% 至 30%。」
接著文章介紹 process mining 如何解決問題:
“Based on that, corporates can automatically construct a model which shows you what is really happening.”
意為:「根據這些資料,企業可以自動建立一個模型,呈現實際發生的情況。」
最後,文章明確說明這種模型的用途:
“That helps companies determine if, for instance, the extra credit check leads to unnecessary shipping delays or if the confirmation of delivery was registered in a timely fashion.”
意為:「這能幫助企業判斷,例如額外的信用查核是否造成不必要的出貨延誤,或交貨確認是否及時登錄。」
由此可知,process mining 是用來找出流程問題並加以改善,故選 (B)。
選項分析
(A) To abstract business models.
意為「將商業模型抽象化」。
錯誤。文章提到傳統顧問建立的抽象模型:
“their abstract models rarely reflected the complex reality.”
意為:「他們的抽象模型很少能反映複雜的現實。」
process mining 的功能正是透過實際紀錄建立更貼近真實運作的模型,並非單純將商業模型抽象化。
(B) To improve and update business processes.
意為「改善並更新商業流程」。
正確。process mining 能分析企業實際流程,找出不必要的延誤與低效率,協助企業最佳化流程。這與文章所述的目的完全一致。
(C) To develop algorithms for IT systems.
意為「為資訊科技系統開發演算法」。
錯誤。文章說明:
“algorithms had to be developed to process these data.”
意為:「必須開發演算法來處理這些資料。」
開發演算法是使用 process mining 的必要技術條件,不是 process mining 最終要達成的目的。演算法的作用在於分析紀錄檔,協助企業改善流程。
第 44 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Running a big business is complicated—often mind-numbingly so. Seemingly straightforward processes, such as taking an order and receiving the payment, can take thousands of possible paths. For example, if an extra credit-check is needed, delivery has to be confirmed or a follow-up invoice sent. Though often necessary, the rigmarole complicates life for companies and slows things down. The resulting inefficiencies can cost businesses eye-watering amounts—between 20% and 30% of annual revenue, according to one estimate.
Software-makers are now finding ways to untangle the procedural spaghetti with the help of “process mining.” Its dull name notwithstanding, it is one of the fastest-growing areas of information technology (IT). Celonis, a German process-miner, recently raised 13bn, making it Germany’s biggest startup and its hottest tech success story since SAP, a business-software giant, was founded 50 years ago.
Consultants have long tried to model and optimize business processes for corporate clients, but their abstract models rarely reflected the complex reality. To get a better view, two things needed to happen. Firms had to be able to extract “log files” from IT systems, showing in minute detail how these systems operate. In addition, algorithms had to be developed to process these data. Based on that, corporates can automatically construct a model which shows you what is really happening. That helps companies determine if, for instance, the extra credit check leads to unnecessary shipping delays or if the confirmation of delivery was registered in a timely fashion.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
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核心觀念
本題為英文閱讀理解中的「錯誤敘述判斷題」(NOT true)。解題重點是:
- 掌握文章主旨:process mining 能分析企業實際的作業流程,改善效率。
- 比對選項與原文是否一致。
- 特別注意選項中的絕對語氣,例如 any、easily、all by themselves,這類字眼常使敘述過度延伸。
文章指出,企業流程十分複雜,process mining 透過 IT 系統的 log files 與演算法,建立反映企業實際運作情況的模型。因此,文章支持 process mining 的效用,但沒有說「任何企業都能輕易自行建立模型」。
重要單字與片語
- run a big business:經營大型企業
- complicated:複雜的
- mind-numbingly:令人麻木、極其煩瑣地
- seemingly straightforward:看似直接簡單的
- process:流程、程序
- take thousands of possible paths:有數千種可能的途徑
- credit-check:信用審查
- delivery:交貨、配送
- follow-up invoice:後續發出的發票
- rigmarole:繁瑣複雜的程序、繁文縟節
- inefficiency:無效率、低效率
- annual revenue:年度營收
- process mining:流程探勘、流程採礦
- untangle:理清、解開
- procedural spaghetti:糾結如義大利麵般的程序
- fastest-growing:成長最快的
- process-miner:流程探勘軟體公司或從事流程探勘的企業
- valuation:估值
- startup:新創公司
- consultant:顧問
- model and optimize:建立模型並最佳化
- abstract model:抽象模型
- reflect:反映
- extract:擷取
- log file:紀錄檔
- in minute detail:以極其細微的詳細程度
- algorithm:演算法
- corporate:企業、公司
- automatically construct:自動建立
- register:登錄、記錄
- in a timely fashion:及時地
解題方法
先找出文章對各敘述的直接依據:
- 第一段:說明經營企業及企業流程相當複雜。
- 第二段:以 Celonis 為例,說明 process mining 產業快速成長且成功。
- 第三段:說明 process mining 所需的兩項關鍵條件,以及它如何幫助企業了解真實流程。
第三段有一句非常關鍵:
“To get a better view, two things needed to happen.”
意思是:「為了更清楚了解企業流程,有兩件事必須發生。」
接著原文列出兩項條件:
“Firms had to be able to extract ‘log files’ from IT systems...”
「企業必須能夠從 IT 系統擷取『紀錄檔』……」
“In addition, algorithms had to be developed to process these data.”
「此外,還必須發展能夠處理這些資料的演算法。」
文章後續又指出:
“Based on that, corporates can automatically construct a model which shows you what is really happening.”
意思是:「根據這些資料,企業可以自動建立一個模型,呈現實際發生的情況。」
這支持選項 D 與 C,但原文並未表示任何企業都能「輕易」且「完全自行」完成整個 process mining model。故應選 E。
文法與語意重點
- Which of the following statements is NOT true?
NOT true 表示要找「不符合文章內容」的敘述,而不是找正確敘述。作答時必須逐項確認,找出文章未支持或與文章不符者。
- had to be able to + 原形動詞
例如:
“Firms had to be able to extract ‘log files’...”
表示「企業必須有能力擷取紀錄檔」。這說明建立模型需要技術能力與資料條件,不代表所有企業都能毫不費力地自行完成。
- Based on that
that 指前文所提到的 IT 系統紀錄檔及經過演算法處理的資料。企業是「根據資料」建立模型,而非沒有技術或資料就能直接完成。
- what is really happening
第 45 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Running a big business is complicated—often mind-numbingly so. Seemingly straightforward processes, such as taking an order and receiving the payment, can take thousands of possible paths. For example, if an extra credit-check is needed, delivery has to be confirmed or a follow-up invoice sent. Though often necessary, the rigmarole complicates life for companies and slows things down. The resulting inefficiencies can cost businesses eye-watering amounts—between 20% and 30% of annual revenue, according to one estimate.
Software-makers are now finding ways to untangle the procedural spaghetti with the help of “process mining.” Its dull name notwithstanding, it is one of the fastest-growing areas of information technology (IT). Celonis, a German process-miner, recently raised 13bn, making it Germany’s biggest startup and its hottest tech success story since SAP, a business-software giant, was founded 50 years ago.
Consultants have long tried to model and optimize business processes for corporate clients, but their abstract models rarely reflected the complex reality. To get a better view, two things needed to happen. Firms had to be able to extract “log files” from IT systems, showing in minute detail how these systems operate. In addition, algorithms had to be developed to process these data. Based on that, corporates can automatically construct a model which shows you what is really happening. That helps companies determine if, for instance, the extra credit check leads to unnecessary shipping delays or if the confirmation of delivery was registered in a timely fashion.
What is the article mainly about?
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核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀測驗中的「主旨判斷」。解題重點是辨認文章整體想傳達的核心,而非只根據某一段或某一個專有名詞作答。
本文主要說明:
- 大型企業的業務流程十分複雜,容易造成效率低落與營收損失。
- 傳統的流程分析模型無法完全反映企業實際運作情形。
- 新興的 process mining(流程探勘) 能透過 IT 系統產生的紀錄檔與演算法,找出流程中的問題,提供企業改善依據。
因此,文章是在介紹一種能解決企業流程問題的新方法,答案為 (D)。
關鍵單字與片語
- complicated:複雜的
- mind-numbingly so:複雜到令人頭腦麻木
- seemingly straightforward:看似直接簡單的
- take thousands of possible paths:有成千上萬種可能的進行途徑
- credit-check:信用審查
- follow-up invoice:後續開立的發票
- rigmarole:繁瑣複雜的程序
- slow things down:使事情進展變慢
- inefficiency:效率不彰、低效率
- eye-watering amounts:驚人的金額
- untangle:理清、解開
- procedural spaghetti:糾結混亂的程序
- process mining:流程探勘
- notwithstanding:儘管、即使
- valuation:估值
- consultant:顧問
- model and optimize:建立模型並最佳化
- abstract model:抽象模型
- reflect:反映
- extract log files:擷取紀錄檔
- in minute detail:以極細微的細節
- algorithm:演算法
- corporate:企業;企業的
- determine:判定、確認
- unnecessary shipping delays:不必要的出貨延遲
- registered in a timely fashion:及時登錄
文章定位與解題方法
第一段先提出企業面臨的問題:業務流程看似簡單,實際上卻有許多分支,因而造成繁瑣程序、效率低落與營收損失。
關鍵句為:
“The resulting inefficiencies can cost businesses eye-watering amounts—between 20% and 30% of annual revenue, according to one estimate.”
翻譯:
「由此產生的效率不彰可能使企業損失驚人的金額;根據一項估計,損失約占年營收的 20% 至 30%。」
第二段與第三段接著介紹解決方法:
“Software-makers are now finding ways to untangle the procedural spaghetti with the help of ‘process mining.’”
翻譯:
「軟體製造商目前正借助『流程探勘』尋找理清這些混亂程序的方法。」
第三段進一步說明流程探勘的運作方式:
“Based on that, corporates can automatically construct a model which shows you what is really happening.”
翻譯:
「根據這些資料,企業可以自動建立模型,呈現實際發生的情況。」
這三段形成「企業問題 → 傳統方法限制 → 流程探勘提供解決方案」的文章架構。主旨應涵蓋整篇文章,而不能只鎖定 Celonis 公司,也不能只描述 process mining 本身很複雜。
第 46 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Industrial emissions are responsible for producing most greenhouse gases and particulate emissions that are harmful to our health and our planet.
The business world has an increasing demand for innovative solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to ensure human’s continued ability to live and thrive. A growing number of companies are dedicated to the research and development of carbon-capturing and carbon-recycling technology, which has already been adopted by airlines, home care companies, fragrance companies and now textile production.
A biotech startup company has partnered with a sportswear brand to create the world’s first yarn and fabric made from waste gas captured from industrial emissions. Waste gas emitted from a steel mill is captured and reused to produce ethanol, which is later converted to polyester. The carbon-recycling technology is similar to that of a brewery; but instead of using sugars and yeast to make beer, industrial emissions are converted by bacteria to fuels and chemicals.
The company’s goal is to help more businesses become “Carbon Smart” to achieve their climate change goals around carbon reduction, by radically change how they source, utilize and dispose of carbon.
By capturing and upcycling industrial carbon emissions to make yarn, the finished garments not only have a lower carbon footprint, but also ensure lower levels of community pollution. Recycling carbon emissions is key to the circular economy, which will keep fossil carbon in the ground—reducing the use of fossil fuels and pollution when used to make value-added products such as polyester. In other words, the technology promotes circularity by keeping carbon in the material cycle.
This kind of waste-gas-based polyester not only has the same appearance but also the same properties and functionality of virgin polyester. Moreover, once the waste-gas-based textiles reach the end of their useful life, they can be gasified and fermented without taxing the environment.
What does the article tell us about the biotech startup?
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核心觀念
本題是英文閱讀理解,重點在於:
- 從文章中定位與題目直接對應的關鍵資訊。
- 分辨「文章明確陳述的事實」與「選項自行延伸的內容」。
- 理解碳回收技術的基本流程:工業廢氣 乙醇 聚酯纖維。
文章介紹一家生技新創公司,將鋼鐵廠排放的廢氣捕捉後,利用細菌轉換成乙醇,再將乙醇轉製成聚酯纖維,用於製造紗線與布料。
關鍵單字與片語
- industrial emissions:工業排放物
- greenhouse gases:溫室氣體
- particulate emissions:懸浮微粒排放物
- carbon-capturing:捕捉碳的
- carbon-recycling technology:碳回收技術
- biotech startup company:生技新創公司
- waste gas:廢氣
- steel mill:鋼鐵廠
- capture:捕捉、收集
- convert A to B:將 A 轉換成 B
- ethanol:乙醇
- polyester:聚酯;聚酯纖維
- bacteria:細菌
- fuel:燃料
- chemical:化學物質
- carbon footprint:碳足跡
- upcycle:升級再造,將廢棄物轉化為更有價值的產品
- circular economy:循環經濟
- virgin polyester:原生聚酯纖維
- gasify:氣化
- ferment:發酵
- functionality:功能性
定位答案的關鍵句
Waste gas emitted from a steel mill is captured and reused to produce ethanol, which is later converted to polyester.
翻譯:
鋼鐵廠排放的廢氣會被捕捉並重新利用,以製造乙醇;乙醇之後再被轉換成聚酯。
這句清楚說明該生技新創公司的技術可以將工業排放的碳轉換成乙醇,正好對應選項 (A)。
文章另指出:
Industrial emissions are converted by bacteria to fuels and chemicals.
翻譯:
工業排放物會被細菌轉換成燃料與化學物質。
此處的 bacteria 是執行轉換作用的媒介,但文章的重點結果是產生 ethanol,之後再製成 polyester。
語意與文法重點
- which 的關係代名詞用法
在關鍵句中:
ethanol, which is later converted to polyester
which 指前面的 ethanol,形成非限定關係子句,意思是「乙醇之後會被轉換成聚酯」。因此流程是:
- 被動語態
- is captured:被捕捉
- is reused:被重新利用
- is converted:被轉換
這些句型顯示廢氣與乙醇是接受動作的對象,而非主動執行者。
- instead of A, B
文章以釀酒作為類比:
instead of using sugars and yeast to make beer, industrial emissions are converted by bacteria to fuels and chemicals.
意思是「不是使用糖與酵母製造啤酒,而是利用細菌將工業排放物轉換成燃料與化學物質」。這只是說明技術原理類似啤酒釀造,並不是說該公司在協助啤酒廠。
第 47 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Industrial emissions are responsible for producing most greenhouse gases and particulate emissions that are harmful to our health and our planet.
The business world has an increasing demand for innovative solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to ensure human’s continued ability to live and thrive. A growing number of companies are dedicated to the research and development of carbon-capturing and carbon-recycling technology, which has already been adopted by airlines, home care companies, fragrance companies and now textile production.
A biotech startup company has partnered with a sportswear brand to create the world’s first yarn and fabric made from waste gas captured from industrial emissions. Waste gas emitted from a steel mill is captured and reused to produce ethanol, which is later converted to polyester. The carbon-recycling technology is similar to that of a brewery; but instead of using sugars and yeast to make beer, industrial emissions are converted by bacteria to fuels and chemicals.
The company’s goal is to help more businesses become “Carbon Smart” to achieve their climate change goals around carbon reduction, by radically change how they source, utilize and dispose of carbon.
By capturing and upcycling industrial carbon emissions to make yarn, the finished garments not only have a lower carbon footprint, but also ensure lower levels of community pollution. Recycling carbon emissions is key to the circular economy, which will keep fossil carbon in the ground—reducing the use of fossil fuels and pollution when used to make value-added products such as polyester. In other words, the technology promotes circularity by keeping carbon in the material cycle.
This kind of waste-gas-based polyester not only has the same appearance but also the same properties and functionality of virgin polyester. Moreover, once the waste-gas-based textiles reach the end of their useful life, they can be gasified and fermented without taxing the environment.
What does the phrase “taxing the environment” in the final paragraph mean?
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核心觀念
本題考查英文片語的語境判讀,重點在於辨識 tax 的多義與搭配:
- tax 作名詞:稅、稅金
- tax 作動詞:使負擔沉重、使耗費心力或資源
- tax the environment:對環境造成負擔、增加環境壓力
題目中的 taxing the environment 並非「向環境課稅」,而是指該處理方式不會對環境造成額外負擔。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句為:
Moreover, once the waste-gas-based textiles reach the end of their useful life, they can be gasified and fermented without taxing the environment.
翻譯為:
此外,這些以廢氣為基礎製成的紡織品在使用壽命結束後,可以經由氣化與發酵處理,而不會對環境造成負擔。
句中 without + V-ing 表示「不……」。因此,without taxing the environment 即「不對環境造成負擔」。
上下文也提供明確線索:
- 這些材料由工業廢氣回收製成。
- 成衣具有較低的碳足跡。
- 可降低社區污染。
- 使用後還能被氣化、發酵處理,減少環境傷害。
因此,此處的 taxing 應解作「造成負擔、增加壓力」。
選項分析
(A) Causing burden to the environment.
「對環境造成負擔。」符合 tax the environment 的語境意義。文中強調回收碳排放、降低污染,並使材料在使用後能以較環保的方式處理,因此正確。
第 48 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Industrial emissions are responsible for producing most greenhouse gases and particulate emissions that are harmful to our health and our planet.
The business world has an increasing demand for innovative solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to ensure human’s continued ability to live and thrive. A growing number of companies are dedicated to the research and development of carbon-capturing and carbon-recycling technology, which has already been adopted by airlines, home care companies, fragrance companies and now textile production.
A biotech startup company has partnered with a sportswear brand to create the world’s first yarn and fabric made from waste gas captured from industrial emissions. Waste gas emitted from a steel mill is captured and reused to produce ethanol, which is later converted to polyester. The carbon-recycling technology is similar to that of a brewery; but instead of using sugars and yeast to make beer, industrial emissions are converted by bacteria to fuels and chemicals.
The company’s goal is to help more businesses become “Carbon Smart” to achieve their climate change goals around carbon reduction, by radically change how they source, utilize and dispose of carbon.
By capturing and upcycling industrial carbon emissions to make yarn, the finished garments not only have a lower carbon footprint, but also ensure lower levels of community pollution. Recycling carbon emissions is key to the circular economy, which will keep fossil carbon in the ground—reducing the use of fossil fuels and pollution when used to make value-added products such as polyester. In other words, the technology promotes circularity by keeping carbon in the material cycle.
This kind of waste-gas-based polyester not only has the same appearance but also the same properties and functionality of virgin polyester. Moreover, once the waste-gas-based textiles reach the end of their useful life, they can be gasified and fermented without taxing the environment.
What can be inferred from the article?
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核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「主旨推論」與「文章細節判讀」。
文章主旨是:工業排放的廢氣不一定只能被視為污染物或廢棄物,經由碳捕捉與碳循環技術,可以轉換成乙醇,再製成聚酯纖維與衣物,使碳重新進入材料循環,兼具減少污染與降低碳足跡的效果。
因此,文章所要傳達的核心概念可概括為:
There is no such thing as waste, only resources in the wrong place.
「世上沒有真正的廢棄物,只有放錯地方的資源。」
這句話雖然不是文章中的原文,但最能統整全文意旨,因此選擇 (D)。
關鍵單字與片語
- industrial emissions:工業排放物
- greenhouse gases:溫室氣體
- particulate emissions:懸浮微粒排放物
- carbon-capturing technology:碳捕捉技術
- carbon-recycling technology:碳循環/碳回收技術
- waste gas:廢氣
- steel mill:鋼鐵廠
- be converted to:被轉換成
- polyester:聚酯;聚酯纖維
- circular economy:循環經濟
- fossil fuels:化石燃料
- value-added products:加值產品
- virgin polyester:原生聚酯,指未經回收再利用的聚酯
- functionality:功能性
- gasified:被氣化
- fermented:被發酵
- carbon footprint:碳足跡
- upcycle:升級再造,將廢棄物轉為更具價值的產品
解題方法
題目問:
What can be inferred from the article?
「從本文可以推論出什麼?」
解答這類題目時,不能只尋找與選項字面完全相同的句子,而要掌握:
- 文章反覆出現的核心概念。
- 作者對事件的整體態度。
- 選項是否能被全文內容支持。
- 選項是否加入文章沒有提及的資訊。
本文的推論鏈如下:
原本會造成污染的工業排放物,經過技術處理後成為有價值的材料。這正是「廢棄物其實是放錯位置的資源」的具體展現。
定位答案的關鍵原文
文章指出:
“By capturing and upcycling industrial carbon emissions to make yarn, the finished garments not only have a lower carbon footprint, but also ensure lower levels of community pollution.”
翻譯:
「藉由捕捉並升級再造工業碳排放物以製造紗線,完成的衣物不僅具有較低的碳足跡,也能確保社區污染程度降低。」
接著又說:
“Recycling carbon emissions is key to the circular economy…”
翻譯:
「回收碳排放是循環經濟的關鍵。」
此外,文章也明確說明:
“Waste gas emitted from a steel mill is captured and reused to produce ethanol, which is later converted to polyester.”
翻譯:
「鋼鐵廠排放的廢氣會被捕捉並重新利用,以製造乙醇;乙醇之後再被轉換成聚酯。」
這些句子共同表達:廢氣並非毫無價值的垃圾,而是可以重新利用、轉化成產品的資源。因此 (D) 最符合全文推論。
文法與語意重點
1. 被動語態
“Waste gas emitted from a steel mill is captured and reused…”
其中:
- emitted from a steel mill 是過去分詞片語,修飾 waste gas。
- is captured and reused 是被動語態,表示「廢氣被捕捉並重新利用」。
完整結構為:
文章重點在於廢氣「被處理、被轉換」,而非強調誰執行動作。
2. 關係代名詞 which
“ethanol, which is later converted to polyester”
which 指前面的 ethanol,形成非限定關係子句:
乙醇,而乙醇之後會被轉換成聚酯。
3. not only…but also…
“not only have a lower carbon footprint, but also ensure lower levels of community pollution”
此句使用 not only…but also…,表示「不但……而且……」,列出碳循環技術的兩項效益:
- 降低碳足跡
- 降低社區污染
4. rather than 的概念對比
第 49 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Industrial emissions are responsible for producing most greenhouse gases and particulate emissions that are harmful to our health and our planet.
The business world has an increasing demand for innovative solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to ensure human’s continued ability to live and thrive. A growing number of companies are dedicated to the research and development of carbon-capturing and carbon-recycling technology, which has already been adopted by airlines, home care companies, fragrance companies and now textile production.
A biotech startup company has partnered with a sportswear brand to create the world’s first yarn and fabric made from waste gas captured from industrial emissions. Waste gas emitted from a steel mill is captured and reused to produce ethanol, which is later converted to polyester. The carbon-recycling technology is similar to that of a brewery; but instead of using sugars and yeast to make beer, industrial emissions are converted by bacteria to fuels and chemicals.
The company’s goal is to help more businesses become “Carbon Smart” to achieve their climate change goals around carbon reduction, by radically change how they source, utilize and dispose of carbon.
By capturing and upcycling industrial carbon emissions to make yarn, the finished garments not only have a lower carbon footprint, but also ensure lower levels of community pollution. Recycling carbon emissions is key to the circular economy, which will keep fossil carbon in the ground—reducing the use of fossil fuels and pollution when used to make value-added products such as polyester. In other words, the technology promotes circularity by keeping carbon in the material cycle.
This kind of waste-gas-based polyester not only has the same appearance but also the same properties and functionality of virgin polyester. Moreover, once the waste-gas-based textiles reach the end of their useful life, they can be gasified and fermented without taxing the environment.
Which of the following statements is true?
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核心觀念
本題是環境科技主題的閱讀理解,重點在於掌握文章的:
- 因果關係:工業廢氣經捕捉、轉換後,成為製造聚酯纖維的原料。
- 同義改寫:
waste gas emitted from a steel mill對應選項中的polluted air emitted from a steel factory。 - 細節辨識:文章明確說明碳排放被轉換成乙醇,再製成 polyester,並非用來發電。
- 否定與比較:文章說明 waste-gas-based polyester 與 virgin polyester 具有相同外觀、性質及功能,並未表示前者更耐用。
解題方法
先抓住文章的核心流程:
文章指出:
“Waste gas emitted from a steel mill is captured and reused to produce ethanol, which is later converted to polyester.”
翻譯為:「鋼鐵廠排放的廢氣會被捕捉並重新利用,以製造乙醇;乙醇之後再被轉換成聚酯。」
因此,鋼鐵工廠排出的廢氣,確實可以成為製造衣服所需聚酯纖維的原料。這直接支持選項 (C)。
另一個關鍵句是:
“This kind of waste-gas-based polyester not only has the same appearance but also the same properties and functionality of virgin polyester.”
翻譯為:「這種以廢氣為基礎製成的聚酯,不僅外觀相同,也具有與原生聚酯相同的性質與功能。」
這句否定了「waste-gas-based polyester 更耐用」的說法。
關鍵單字與片語
industrial emissions:工業排放物greenhouse gases:溫室氣體particulate emissions:懸浮微粒排放物carbon-capturing technology:碳捕捉技術carbon-recycling technology:碳回收技術waste gas:廢氣steel mill:鋼鐵廠capture:捕捉、收集reuse:重新利用ethanol:乙醇convert A to B:將 A 轉換成 Bpolyester:聚酯carbon footprint:碳足跡upcycle:升級再造,將廢棄物轉為更具價值的產品virgin polyester:原生聚酯,未經回收再製的聚酯durable:耐用的functionality:功能性circular economy:循環經濟
文法與語意重點
which引導關係子句
“...carbon-capturing and carbon-recycling technology, which has already been adopted by airlines...”
which 指前面的 technology,表示「這項技術已經被航空公司等採用」。
which is later converted to polyester
which 指 ethanol,被動語態 is converted to 表示「被轉換成」。完整流程是:
instead of A, B
“Instead of using sugars and yeast to make beer, industrial emissions are converted by bacteria to fuels and chemicals.”
第 50 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Industrial emissions are responsible for producing most greenhouse gases and particulate emissions that are harmful to our health and our planet.
The business world has an increasing demand for innovative solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to ensure human’s continued ability to live and thrive. A growing number of companies are dedicated to the research and development of carbon-capturing and carbon-recycling technology, which has already been adopted by airlines, home care companies, fragrance companies and now textile production.
A biotech startup company has partnered with a sportswear brand to create the world’s first yarn and fabric made from waste gas captured from industrial emissions. Waste gas emitted from a steel mill is captured and reused to produce ethanol, which is later converted to polyester. The carbon-recycling technology is similar to that of a brewery; but instead of using sugars and yeast to make beer, industrial emissions are converted by bacteria to fuels and chemicals.
The company’s goal is to help more businesses become “Carbon Smart” to achieve their climate change goals around carbon reduction, by radically change how they source, utilize and dispose of carbon.
By capturing and upcycling industrial carbon emissions to make yarn, the finished garments not only have a lower carbon footprint, but also ensure lower levels of community pollution. Recycling carbon emissions is key to the circular economy, which will keep fossil carbon in the ground—reducing the use of fossil fuels and pollution when used to make value-added products such as polyester. In other words, the technology promotes circularity by keeping carbon in the material cycle.
This kind of waste-gas-based polyester not only has the same appearance but also the same properties and functionality of virgin polyester. Moreover, once the waste-gas-based textiles reach the end of their useful life, they can be gasified and fermented without taxing the environment.
Which of the following would be the best title for this article?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀測驗中的「主旨與最佳標題判斷」。判斷文章標題時,必須掌握:
- 文章主要介紹的對象。
- 作者最強調的核心成果或概念。
- 選項是否能涵蓋全文,而非只對應其中一個段落。
- 標題的語氣是否符合文章內容。
本文主旨是:將鋼鐵廠排放的廢氣捕捉、轉換,再製成乙醇、聚酯纖維、紗線與布料,藉此降低碳排放與污染,實現碳循環利用。
解題方法
文章的資訊重點可整理如下:
- 工業排放會產生有害的溫室氣體與微粒。
- 生技公司將鋼鐵廠排放的廢氣捕捉起來。
- 廢氣經細菌轉換成燃料與化學物質。
- 其中乙醇可進一步轉換成聚酯。
- 聚酯可製成紗線與布料。
- 產品功能與一般聚酯相同,但碳足跡與污染較低。
- 使用壽命結束後,材料仍可氣化與發酵,再次回收利用。
最能直接定位答案的句子是:
“A biotech startup company has partnered with a sportswear brand to create the world’s first yarn and fabric made from waste gas captured from industrial emissions.”
翻譯:一家生技新創公司與一個運動服飾品牌合作,利用從工業排放中捕捉的廢氣,製造出全球第一批由廢氣製成的紗線與布料。
另一句關鍵句為:
“By capturing and upcycling industrial carbon emissions to make yarn, the finished garments not only have a lower carbon footprint, but also ensure lower levels of community pollution.”
翻譯:透過捕捉並升級再利用工業碳排放來製造紗線,完成的衣物不僅具有較低的碳足跡,也能降低社區污染程度。
因此,文章的焦點不是單純介紹工業污染、溫室效應、鋼鐵業能源,亦不是完整解釋「循環經濟」的概念,而是強調「把排放到空氣中的廢氣轉化為有價值的綠色材料」。
關鍵單字與片語
- industrial emissions:工業排放物
- greenhouse gases:溫室氣體
- particulate emissions:微粒排放物
- innovative solutions:創新解決方案
- carbon-capturing technology:碳捕捉技術
- carbon-recycling technology:碳回收技術
- waste gas:廢氣
- steel mill:鋼鐵廠
- be converted to:被轉換成
- polyester:聚酯
- brewery:釀酒廠
- bacteria:細菌
- fuels and chemicals:燃料與化學物質
- source:取得、採購
- utilize:利用
- dispose of:處置、丟棄
- upcycle:升級再利用,將廢棄物轉化為更高價值的產品
- carbon footprint:碳足跡
- circular economy:循環經濟
- fossil carbon:化石碳
- fossil fuels:化石燃料
- value-added products:附加價值產品
- virgin polyester:原生聚酯
- useful life:使用壽命
- gasify:氣化
- ferment:發酵
- functionality:功能性
文法與語意重點
- be responsible for + V-ing
“Industrial emissions are responsible for producing most greenhouse gases...”
be responsible for 表示「造成、對……負責」,其中 for 是介系詞,後面接名詞或動名詞。因此 producing 是動名詞。
- be dedicated to + N/V-ing
“A growing number of companies are dedicated to the research and development...”
be dedicated to 表示「致力於……」,此處 to 是介系詞,後接名詞片語 the research and development。
- 被動語態
“Waste gas emitted from a steel mill is captured and reused to produce ethanol...”
is captured and reused 是被動語態,表示「廢氣被捕捉並重新利用」。
emitted from a steel mill 是過去分詞片語,修飾 waste gas,意為「從鋼鐵廠排出的」。
- instead of + V-ing
“instead of using sugars and yeast to make beer...”
第 Essay Writing 題20 分
Write an essay of at least 200 words regarding the following statement:
ChatGPT can save lives in the Emergency Room, but it needs supervision: “It is at once both smarter and dumber than any person you’ve ever met.”
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核心觀念
本題是「引言解釋+立場論述」型 Essay Writing,重點不在介紹 ChatGPT 的技術,而在於說明:
- ChatGPT 在急診室中具有「提高效率、輔助判斷、整理資訊」的優點。
- ChatGPT 也可能產生錯誤、忽略病人個別情況,甚至自信地給出不正確答案。
- 因此,人工智慧可以協助醫療人員,但不能取代醫師的專業判斷與責任。
- 文章必須明確表達立場,並以急診室情境舉例支持論點。
題幹中的關鍵句為:
“It is at once both smarter and dumber than any person you’ve ever met.”
意思是:「它同時比你所遇過的任何人更聰明,也更愚笨。」
這句話的語意重點是對比。ChatGPT 能迅速處理大量資料、整理複雜資訊,因此在某些方面比人類更有效率;但它沒有真正的人類經驗、臨床直覺、道德判斷與責任感,所以在理解脈絡、辨識例外情況及判斷生死攸關的決策時,也可能比一般人更不可靠。
解題方法
最穩定的寫法是採取「總論—正面功能—潛在風險—監督必要性—結論」五段式架構:
- 第一段:解釋題幹引言,提出中心論點。
- 第二段:說明 ChatGPT 如何協助急診醫療。
- 第三段:分析人工智慧的限制與危險。
- 第四段:提出適當的監督方式,說明人機合作的原則。
- 第五段:總結立場,重申 ChatGPT 是工具而非醫師。
文章至少 200 字,實際作答建議控制在約 230 至 300 字。每一段都應具有明確功能,避免只堆砌「AI 很方便」等空泛句子。
關鍵單字與片語
- emergency room:急診室
- save lives:拯救生命
- supervision:監督;監管
- artificial intelligence:人工智慧
- medical staff:醫療人員
- diagnose:診斷
- treatment:治療
- symptom:症狀
- medical history:病史
- rapidly process information:快速處理資訊
- suggest possible diagnoses:提出可能的診斷
- reduce the workload:減輕工作負擔
- make a serious mistake:犯下嚴重錯誤
- lack clinical experience:缺乏臨床經驗
- individual circumstances:個別情況
- ethical judgment:倫理判斷
- human oversight:人為監督
- final responsibility:最終責任
- complement doctors:輔助醫師
- replace doctors:取代醫師
- in life-or-death situations:在攸關生死的情況下
文法與語意重點
- can + 原形動詞
題目中的 “ChatGPT can save lives” 使用情態助動詞 ,表示能力或可能性。 後面必須接原形動詞,因此使用 ,不能寫成 或 。
- but 表示轉折
“ChatGPT can save lives in the Emergency Room, but it needs supervision” 先承認 ChatGPT 的價值,再指出其限制。文章應延續這種平衡語氣,不宜只歌頌人工智慧,也不宜毫無理由地全面否定。
- both A and B 結構
“both smarter and dumber” 是 的省略形式,完整概念為 “both smarter and dumber”。此處的 與 是比較級,形成強烈對比。
- than 引導比較對象
“smarter and dumber than any person you’ve ever met” 中, 後面接比較對象; 是現在完成式,表示「截至目前為止你曾遇過的人」。
- It 指代 ChatGPT
題幹中的 指前一句的 ChatGPT。英文中將 AI 或電腦系統視為 ,不使用 或 。
- 需要明確論點
Essay Writing 評分通常重視 thesis statement。文章開頭應直接表明:ChatGPT 能成為急診室的強力工具,但必須由合格醫療人員監督。
參考作文
ChatGPT in the Emergency Room
ChatGPT can be a powerful tool in the emergency room, but it should never be treated as a substitute for a qualified doctor. The statement that it is “both smarter and dumber” than any person describes the unusual nature of artificial intelligence. It can process information faster than humans, yet it does not truly understand every patient or accept responsibility for its decisions.