高雄醫學大學 113 年 《英文》

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第 1 題1 分

The politician's speech was filled with equivocations to avoid making clear commitments.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字義辨析,重點是判斷句中名詞 equivocations 的意思。

  • equivocation:含糊其辭;模稜兩可的說法;故意不明確表態
  • ambiguity:模稜兩可;歧義;不明確
  • commitment:承諾;明確立場;承擔的責任

句中提到政治人物為了避免作出明確承諾,使用許多含糊、不明確的說法,因此 equivocations 與 ambiguity 意義最接近。

解題方法

先定位關鍵語意:

The politician's speech was filled with equivocations to avoid making clear commitments.
這位政治人物的演講充滿了含糊其辭的說法,目的是避免作出明確的承諾。

後半句 to avoid making clear commitments 是重要線索。政治人物不願清楚表態,因此前文的 equivocations 必須表示「模稜兩可、含糊其辭的言論」,而非簡短、清楚、缺乏或有效率。

關鍵單字與片語

  • politician:政治人物
  • speech:演講;演說
  • be filled with:充滿……
  • equivocation:含糊其辭;模稜兩可的說法
  • avoid + V-ing:避免做某事
  • make a commitment:作出承諾;表明立場
  • clear commitment:明確的承諾;清楚的立場

文法與語意重點

  1. to avoid making clear commitments 是不定詞片語,表示目的:「為了避免……」。
  2. avoid 後面接動名詞,因此使用 making,不能直接接原形動詞。
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第 2 題1 分

The professor's lectures were often digressive, delving into related topics not directly linked to the main subject.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「同義字辨析」與語意判斷。關鍵字是 digressive,形容說話、文章或演講內容「離開主題、旁逸斜出、迂迴延伸」,但不一定完全無關。

題幹中的 delving into related topics not directly linked to the main subject 是重要線索,表示教授常深入探討「與主題有關、但沒有直接連結」的議題,因此講課內容容易偏離主軸、繞道延伸。

題幹定位與翻譯

The professor's lectures were often digressive, delving into related topics not directly linked to the main subject.

翻譯:教授的講課經常離題,深入探討一些相關但未直接連結主要主題的議題。

其中:

  • lecture:演講;課堂講授
  • digressive:離題的;偏題的;旁逸斜出的
  • delve into:深入探討
  • related topic:相關主題
  • directly linked to:直接連結於
  • main subject:主要主題

解題方法

先將各選項代入句中,判斷哪個字能表達「內容從主要主題岔開,延伸至其他相關議題」:

The professor's lectures were often ______.

句中後面的 delving into related topics not directly linked to the main subject 是對前面形容詞的具體說明。這不是在說講課內容簡潔、具建設性或可有可無,而是在描寫講授內容不斷偏離主軸、轉向旁支議題。

因此應選 meandering,意為「迂迴的;漫無目的地繞行的;冗長而離題的」。

選項分析

(A) concise

  • concise:簡潔的;精練的。
  • 若填入句中,意思會變成「教授的講課經常很簡潔」。
  • 題幹卻強調教授深入探討未直接連結主題的相關議題,重點是內容偏離與迂迴,不是表達簡潔。
  • 因此錯誤。

(B) constructive

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第 3 題1 分

Fishermen know that the depletion of fish stock will adversely affect their businesses.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「同義字辨識」與語境判斷,核心單字為 depletion。

  • depletion:耗竭、枯竭;大量減少
  • fish stock:魚群資源、漁業資源
  • adversely affect:對……造成不利影響
  • businesses:生意、事業、營運

題幹中的 the depletion of fish stock 指「魚群資源的減少或枯竭」。在所有選項中,只有 reduction 能表達「減少」之意,因此答案為 (E)。

解題方法

先將題幹依結構拆解:

Fishermen know that the depletion of fish stock will adversely affect their businesses.
漁民知道,魚群資源的減少將對他們的生意造成不利影響。

句型為:

the depletion of fish stock + will adversely affect + their businesses

其中 depletion 是名詞,作為 that 子句的主詞,表示魚群資源逐漸減少、耗竭的現象。

若將 depletion 替換成選項:

Fishermen know that the reduction of fish stock will adversely affect their businesses.

意思為「漁民知道魚群資源的減少將對他們的生意造成不利影響」,語意完整且合理。

選項分析

(A) animation

  • animation:動畫;活力;生氣
  • 「魚群資源的活力/動畫」無法合理解釋漁民生意受到不利影響的原因。
  • 與 depletion 並非同義字,因此錯誤。

(B) defection

  • defection:背叛;脫黨;離反
  • 通常用於描述某人背離組織、政黨或原本效忠的對象。
  • 「魚群資源的背叛」不符合語意,也不可能取代 depletion。
  • 因此錯誤。

(C) enlargement

  • enlargement:擴大;放大;增加
  • 與「減少」的方向相反。
  • 若說 the enlargement of fish stock,意思是「魚群資源的擴增」,通常不會造成漁民生意受損,與題幹語境不符。
  • 因此錯誤。

(D) overflow

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第 4 題1 分

Part of the film's strength lies in how deftly it humanizes its high-tech premise.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 副詞的詞義辨析
  2. 語境中的正負面語意判斷
  3. 句型 how + 副詞 + 主詞 + 動詞,表示「如何……地」

題幹中的關鍵是 deftly。
deftly 意為「靈巧地、熟練地、巧妙地」,帶有正面評價,表示以高超技巧處理某件事。


題幹結構與翻譯

原句:

Part of the film's strength lies in how deftly it humanizes its high-tech premise.

句型分析:

  • Part of the film's strength:這部電影的部分優點/力量
  • lies in:在於
  • how deftly it humanizes...:它多麼巧妙地將……人性化
  • humanize:使……具有人性,使……變得貼近人的情感
  • high-tech premise:高科技的故事前提/劇情設定

其中 how deftly it humanizes its high-tech premise 是介系詞 in 的受詞,說明電影的優點「在於它如何巧妙地……」。

全句翻譯:

這部電影的部分優點,在於它巧妙地將高科技的故事設定賦予人性。

題目要求選出能替代 deftly、且符合正面語意的副詞。


解題方法

先判斷句子的整體語氣。句中有:

  • film's strength:電影的優點
  • humanizes:使高科技設定更具人性
  • how deftly:稱讚處理方式高明、巧妙

因此空格必須填入表示「巧妙地、精巧地、有創意地」的正面副詞。

四個選項中,ingeniously 意為「巧妙地;有創意地;以機智的方法」,與 deftly 的「熟練而巧妙地」最接近,且符合整句對電影的讚賞語氣。


選項分析

(A) abruptly

abruptly 意為「突然地;唐突地」。

若代入句中:

how abruptly it humanizes its high-tech premise

意思變成「它多麼突然地將高科技設定人性化」,強調轉變發生得突然,沒有表達導演處理手法高明的意思,與 film's strength 的正面評價不相符,因此錯誤。

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第 5 題1 分

'Only God can change this place': Haitians see no end to spiralling violence.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與新聞標題中的語意判斷。關鍵在於片語:

  • spiralling violence:不斷升高、持續加劇的暴力
  • escalating violence:逐漸升級、日益嚴重的暴力

因此,選項須選出與 spiralling 意思最接近的形容詞。

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹原文:

“‘Only God can change this place’: Haitians see no end to spiralling violence.”

翻譯為:

「只有上帝能改變這個地方」:海地人看不到不斷升級的暴力何時終結。

其中 spiralling 並非指暴力真的呈螺旋狀,而是比喻暴力事件持續惡化、升高,程度越來越嚴重。可替換為 escalating。

解題方法

先觀察空格所需的詞性。四個選項皆可作形容詞,放在 violence 前面,形式上都能成立,因此本題不能只靠文法判斷,必須依語意選擇。

再將題幹中的 spiralling 轉換成同義概念:

spiralling≈increasing rapidly and becoming worse\text{spiralling} \approx \text{increasing rapidly and becoming worse}

意思是「迅速增加並且變得更糟」。在選項中,只有 escalating 具有「逐步升高、升級、加劇」的意思,與 spiralling violence 完全吻合。

選項分析

(A) ecstatic

ecstatic 意為「狂喜的、欣喜若狂的」,通常形容人的情緒,例如:

  • an ecstatic fan:欣喜若狂的粉絲
  • She was ecstatic about the result.:她對結果欣喜若狂。

ecstatic violence 不是自然且合理的搭配,且與暴力持續惡化的語境無關,錯誤。

(B) edifying

edifying 意為「有啟發性的、有教育意義的、陶冶性情的」,例如:

  • an edifying book:富有教育意義的書
  • an edifying experience:具有啟發性的經驗

暴力不會因為「具有教育意義」而符合題意;edifying violence 也不符合此處的新聞語境,錯誤。

(C) emphatic

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第 6 題1 分

Both legal and illegal fishing operations are decimating the ocean’s wildlife, which poses a severe threat to marine ecosystems and biodiversity.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查動詞字義與上下文語意判斷。

題幹中的關鍵字是 decimating,意為「大量殺害、嚴重摧毀、使大幅減少」。句中主詞是 Both legal and illegal fishing operations(合法與非法的捕魚活動),受詞是 the ocean’s wildlife(海洋野生生物),語意必須是「捕魚活動正在大規模摧毀海洋生物」。

題幹定位與翻譯

Both legal and illegal fishing operations are decimating the ocean’s wildlife, which poses a severe threat to marine ecosystems and biodiversity.

翻譯:

合法與非法的捕魚活動都正在大量摧毀海洋野生生物,這對海洋生態系統與生物多樣性構成嚴重威脅。

其中 decimate 的核心語意是「大幅破壞、使數量劇減」。在本題選項中,語意最接近且破壞程度最符合上下文的是 annihilate。

解題方法

先判斷空格所需的語意:

  1. 主詞是捕魚活動。
  2. 受詞是海洋野生生物。
  3. 後半句指出此行為對生態系統與生物多樣性造成「嚴重威脅」。
  4. 因此空格必須是表示「大量消滅、徹底摧毀」的動詞。

annihilate 表示「徹底消滅、摧毀殆盡」,與 decimate 的「大規模摧毀」最為接近,因此依官方答案選 E。

若將選項放回句中,需配合現在進行式變化:

  • decimate → are decimating
  • annihilate → are annihilating

本題實際考的是字義替換,並非直接將原形選項放入原句。

選項分析

(A) accumulate
意為「累積、積聚」。
例如:Dust accumulated on the table.(灰塵堆積在桌上。)
捕魚活動不會「累積海洋野生生物」,與題幹的負面破壞語意相反,錯誤。

(B) alienate
意為「使疏遠、使 alienate;使某人反感或失去支持」。
例如:His rude behavior alienated his colleagues.(他的粗魯行為使同事疏遠他。)
此字通常用於人際關係、社會支持或情感上的疏離,不表示大量殺害或摧毀野生生物,錯誤。

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第 7 題1 分

The country roads are extremely perilous. Drivers may bump into some wild animals.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「形近字辨義」與「上下文語意判斷」。空格所在句子的核心意思是:鄉間道路十分危險,駕駛人可能會撞上野生動物。因此答案必須是表示「危險、不安全」的形容詞。

題幹關鍵句:

The country roads are extremely perilous. Drivers may bump into some wild animals.
鄉間道路非常危險。駕駛人可能會撞上一些野生動物。

句中 perilous 已明確指出道路具有高度危險性;後句以可能撞上野生動物,補充說明危險的原因。

解題方法

先判斷詞性。are extremely ___ 中,空格位於 be 動詞後,且受副詞 extremely 修飾,因此應填入形容詞。

再依語意判斷:道路因野生動物出沒而不安全,答案應具有「危險的、充滿風險的」之意。precarious 可表示「危險的、不穩定的、不安全的」,符合句意。

precarious 與題幹中的 perilous 意義接近,兩者皆可表示危險;其中 precarious 常帶有「情況不穩、容易出問題」的語感,適合描述受到野生動物影響、駕駛安全性不佳的道路。

選項分析

(A) precancerous

意為「癌前的、可能發展成癌症的」,例如 precancerous cells(癌前細胞)。此字與癌症病變有關,和道路危險、駕駛安全完全無關,因此錯誤。

(B) precarious

意為「危險的、不安全的、不穩定的」。句意為鄉間道路十分危險,駕駛人可能撞上野生動物,使用 precarious 符合語意,因此正確。

(C) precautionary

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第 8 題1 分

Some customers preferred their scallops unadorned, while others enjoy them seasoned with a dash of soy or tartar sauce.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「同義字辨識」與上下文語意。關鍵字是 unadorned,意為「未加裝飾的、樸素的、簡單的」。句中描述有些顧客喜歡不加額外裝飾或調味的干貝,因此要選能表達「樸素、不加修飾」之意的形容詞。

題幹定位與翻譯

Some customers preferred their scallops unadorned, while others enjoy them seasoned with a dash of soy or tartar sauce.

翻譯:

有些顧客偏好干貝不加任何裝飾或調味;另一方面,其他顧客則喜歡在干貝上加一點醬油或塔塔醬調味。

其中 unadorned 與後面的 seasoned with a dash of soy or tartar sauce 形成對比:

  • unadorned:不加修飾、不加額外調味
  • seasoned with...:加上……調味

因此答案必須表示「樸素、簡單、不加裝飾」。

解題方法

逐一將選項代入「不加裝飾、樸素」的語意進行判斷:

  • austere 可表示「樸素的、簡樸的、不加修飾的」,最接近 unadorned。
  • 其餘選項分別表示「美學的、焦躁的、被宣稱的、前面的」,都無法描述食物未加裝飾或調味的狀態。

選項分析

(A) aesthetic

  • 中文:美學的;審美的
  • 例:aesthetic value「美學價值」
  • aesthetic 著重於美感、藝術或審美判斷,並不表示「不加裝飾」。
  • 若說某種食物是 aesthetic,語意會變成「具有美學特色」,無法與「加醬油或塔塔醬調味」形成恰當對比。
  • 故錯誤。

(B) agitated

  • 中文:焦躁的;不安的;被攪動的
  • 常見搭配:an agitated patient「焦躁不安的病人」
  • agitated 通常形容人的情緒,也可形容液體受到攪動。
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第 9 題1 分

This keynote speech is long and pedestrian.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「同義字辨識」與「語境判讀」。題幹中的 pedestrian 作形容詞使用,意為「平凡乏味的、缺乏創意的、枯燥的」。因此,能與它形成語意呼應的選項是 prosaic,同樣表示「平淡無奇的、枯燥的、缺乏想像力的」。

題幹句子:

This keynote speech is long and pedestrian.
這場主題演講冗長而且平淡乏味。

句中 long 與 pedestrian 由對等連接詞 and 連接,兩者皆為形容詞,共同描述 keynote speech。語意上,「冗長」與「內容平淡、令人感到乏味」搭配自然。

解題方法

先判斷詞性:空格若置換題幹中的語意,必須選擇形容詞。

再根據上下文判斷語意:

  • long:演講時間或篇幅很長。
  • pedestrian:演講內容缺乏新意、平淡無趣。
  • 與 pedestrian 意義最接近的選項是 prosaic。

因此,官方答案 E prosaic 可作為 pedestrian 的同義替換。

選項分析

(A) proactive

proactive 意為「積極主動的、具前瞻性的」,通常描述人的態度、行動或策略,例如:

  • a proactive approach:積極主動的方法
  • proactive employees:主動積極的員工

「冗長且積極主動」無法合理描述一場演講的內容特色,與 pedestrian 的「平淡乏味」語意不符,因此錯誤。

(B) probationary

probationary 意為「試用期的、試用中的、受觀察期約束的」,例如:

  • a probationary employee:試用期員工
  • a probationary period:試用期間

此字主要用於工作任用、法律觀察期等情境,不能形容演講內容是否枯燥,因此錯誤。

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第 10 題1 分

Reducing the budget deficit is of paramount importance.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 字義辨析
  2. 同義字判斷
  3. 固定片語與語意搭配

題幹中的關鍵片語是:

of paramount importance
極其重要的;具有最高重要性的

其中 paramount 是形容詞,表示「最重要的、至高無上的」。

官方答案選 B. preponderant,因為 preponderant 可表示「占優勢的、最重要的、具有壓倒性影響力的」,在本題各選項中與 paramount 的語意最接近。


題幹翻譯與定位

Reducing the budget deficit is of paramount importance.

翻譯:

降低預算赤字極其重要。

句中:

  • Reducing the budget deficit:降低預算赤字
  • reducing 為動名詞,作主詞。
  • budget deficit 為「預算赤字」。
  • is:連綴動詞。
  • of paramount importance:極其重要的;具有最高重要性的。

本題應抓住 paramount importance 的核心語意,即「最重要、具有最高優先性」。


解題方法

先判斷題目要找的是與 paramount 意思最接近的字,再檢查各選項的字根與完整字義。

paramount 的語意為:

  • of the greatest importance
  • more important than anything else
  • 最重要的;首要的

選項中只有 preponderant 帶有「占優勢、較具分量、最具影響力」的意思,能在語意上接近「極為重要、具有壓倒性地位」。

因此依官方答案判定:

preponderant = 占優勢的;具有較大分量的;最重要的


選項分析

(A) preparatory

preparatory 意為「準備性的、預備性的」。

例如:

  • preparatory work:準備工作
  • preparatory course:預備課程

此字與「準備」有關,並非「最重要的」。若將其代入:

Reducing the budget deficit is of preparatory importance.

意思會變成「降低預算赤字具有準備上的重要性」,語意不合,也不是自然搭配。

因此 A 錯誤。


(B) preponderant

preponderant 意為:

  • 占優勢的
  • 具有較大分量的
  • 壓倒性的
  • 最重要的

其核心概念是某人或某事物在重要性、力量、影響力或數量上占有明顯優勢。

例如:

  • a preponderant influence:壓倒性的影響力
  • a preponderant role:最重要的角色
  • the preponderant concern:最主要的考量

本題的 paramount 表示「最重要的」,而 preponderant 表示「具有壓倒性分量、占最主要地位的」,兩者語意最接近。

因此依官方公布答案,B 正確。


(C) prepositional

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第 11 題1 分

Last year’s profits were more the result of financial _____ of hand than genuine growth.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「固定片語與語境判斷」。空格位於:

financial _____ of hand

此處需要填入能與 of hand 構成固定片語的名詞。正確片語為:

sleight of hand:手法巧妙的欺騙;障眼法;暗中操弄

在財務語境中,financial sleight of hand 指透過會計技巧、帳目調整或財務操作製造出獲利增加的假象,並不代表企業真的成長。

題幹翻譯與定位

Last year’s profits were more the result of financial sleight of hand than genuine growth.

翻譯為:

去年的獲利與其說是真正成長的結果,不如說是財務障眼法所造成的。

句中 more A than B 表示「與其說是 B,不如說是 A」。題幹將去年獲利的來源對比為:

  • financial sleight of hand:財務上的操弄或障眼法
  • genuine growth:真正的成長

語意上,說話者認為獲利增加主要是財務操作造成,而非企業實質成長。

文法與語意重點

句型為:

be more the result of A than B

意思是「與其說是 B 的結果,不如說是 A 的結果」。

其中:

  • profits:獲利、利潤,為複數主詞
  • were:be 動詞過去式
  • the result of:……的結果
  • genuine growth:真正的成長、實質成長

sleight 本身是「巧妙的手法」,通常不單獨使用,最常見搭配就是 sleight of hand。原意與魔術師用手製造視覺錯覺有關,延伸可指不誠實但技巧高明的操弄。

選項分析

(A) conformity

conformity 意為「一致、符合、遵從」。

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第 12 題1 分

The politician offered only indirect commentary on his own deed while the public expected a _____ remark.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「語意對比」與近義形容詞辨析。

題幹先指出政治人物只提出 indirect commentary(間接的評論),接著說明大眾期待的是一則能直接談論事實、坦白表態的評論。因此空格應填入與 indirect、迂迴相對的 candid。

句型為:

the public expected a _____ remark
大眾期待一則「……的評論」

空格需要填入形容詞,修飾名詞 remark。


解題方法

掌握題幹中的語意對比:

The politician offered only indirect commentary on his own deed while the public expected a candid remark.
這名政治人物對自己的行為只提出間接的評論,而大眾期待的是一則坦率的評論。

關鍵在於:

  • only indirect commentary:只做間接、迂迴的評論。
  • while:此處表示「然而、而」,引出與前句形成對比的內容。
  • 大眾期待的評論應該是直接、坦白、不閃躲的,因此選 candid。

選項分析

(A) candid 坦率的、直言不諱的、真誠的

candid 指不隱瞞、不迂迴,直接而誠實地表達想法或立場。

常見搭配包括:

  • a candid remark:坦率的評論
  • a candid answer:坦白的回答
  • a candid discussion:坦誠的討論
  • be candid with someone:對某人坦白

題幹中政治人物只做「間接評論」,大眾期待的正是直接、坦白的說法,因此 candid 與語意對比完全吻合。

(B) evasive 閃避的、推託的、迴避問題的

evasive 指刻意閃避問題,不正面回答,常含有逃避責任或不願提供明確資訊的意思。

例如:

  • an evasive answer:閃爍其詞的回答
  • an evasive response:迴避性的回應

若填入:

the public expected an evasive remark

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第 13 題1 分

The divers checked their breathing _____ before they were on board.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字形相近字辨義」與「語境判斷」。

句型為:

The divers checked their breathing _____ before they were on board.

空格前有所有格限定詞 their,後面需要接一個「名詞」,作為動詞 checked 的受詞。依語意,潛水員在登船前必須檢查的是「呼吸器材」,因此答案為 apparatus。

題幹定位與翻譯

The divers checked their breathing apparatus before they were on board.

翻譯:潛水員在登上船之前,檢查了他們的呼吸器材。

其中:

  • diver:潛水員
  • check:檢查
  • breathing apparatus:呼吸器材、呼吸裝置
  • on board:在船上、登船

解題方法

先判斷詞性。動詞 checked 後面需要一個受詞,且 their breathing _____ 中的空格應填名詞。

再依語意判斷:

  • 潛水員會檢查與呼吸相關的「裝置或器材」。
  • breathing apparatus 是固定且自然的搭配,指供人呼吸的設備,例如潛水呼吸器、氧氣裝置等。
  • 因此選 apparatus。

本句的 apparatus 是不可數名詞,表示一整套設備或裝置;若指多套不同裝置,也可使用複數 apparatuses,但本題語境指潛水員各自的呼吸設備,單數形式即可成立。

選項分析

(A) appal

appal 是動詞,意為「使震驚、使驚駭」。例如:

The news appalled everyone.
這則消息使所有人震驚。

它不是名詞,無法放在 their breathing 後面表示器材;breathing appal 也不構成合理語意,因此錯誤。

(B) apparatchik

apparatchik 是名詞,原指共產黨或官僚體制中的黨政幹部,後泛指「官僚、機構工作人員」。

例如:

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第 14 題1 分

Saving a language calls for a revitalization team to _____ and activate people at all levels within an endangered speech community.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與「語意搭配」。句意是:拯救一種語言,需要一個語言復振團隊去鼓舞、動員瀕危語言社群中各階層的人。

關鍵結構為:

a revitalization team to _____ and activate people

to galvanize and activate 是兩個並列的動詞,皆表示「使人採取行動、動員人力」。因此空格應填入具有正面激勵意義的動詞。

題幹定位與翻譯

Saving a language calls for a revitalization team to galvanize and activate people at all levels within an endangered speech community.

翻譯:拯救一種語言,需要一個語言復振團隊,去鼓舞並動員瀕危語言社群中各個階層的人。

其中:

  • saving a language:拯救一種語言
  • call for:需要、要求
  • revitalization team:復振團隊、活化團隊
  • galvanize:激勵、鼓舞、促使採取行動
  • activate:使活躍、啟動、動員
  • at all levels:各個階層
  • endangered speech community:瀕危語言社群

解題方法

先判斷句子的整體語氣。主詞是「語言復振團隊」,受詞是 people,後面又接有正面意義的 activate。因此空格中的動詞必須符合以下條件:

  1. 能以人為受詞,例如「激勵人們」。
  2. 語意上能與 activate 並列。
  3. 符合拯救瀕危語言所需的積極行動。

galvanize 原意與電流刺激相關,引申為「激勵某人採取行動、使某群體振作並投入行動」,與 activate people 語意一致。

此外,文法上 to galvanize and activate 中的 to 同時支配兩個並列動詞:

to+galvanize+and+activate\text{to}+\text{galvanize}+\text{and}+\text{activate}

所以選擇能與 activate 形成語意並列的正面動詞即可。

選項分析

(A) debilitate

debilitate 意為「使衰弱、削弱」。例如:

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第 15 題1 分

Defensive nationalism is a form of national-_____, or a people’s movement focused on protecting the nation against globalizing forces.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「政治與社會議題字彙」及複合名詞的語意判斷,關鍵在於:

  • defensive nationalism:防衛型民族主義
  • globalizing forces:全球化力量
  • national-populism:國族民粹主義/民族民粹主義

「national-_____, or a people’s movement focused on protecting the nation against globalizing forces」中的空格,應填入能與 national- 組成固定政治概念,且符合「人民運動、反全球化、保護國家」語意的字。

題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句為:

Defensive nationalism is a form of national-_____, or a people’s movement focused on protecting the nation against globalizing forces.

翻譯:

防衛型民族主義是一種國族民粹主義,也就是一種著重於保護國家、對抗全球化力量的人民運動。

句中的 or 用來補充說明前面的名詞,後面的 a people’s movement... 是對該政治概念的解釋,因此空格必須能表達「人民運動」及「反全球化」的政治意涵。

解題方法

先掌握句意中的三個線索:

  1. a people’s movement:以人民為核心的政治運動。
  2. protecting the nation:強調國家、民族或本國利益。
  3. against globalizing forces:對抗全球化、跨國化或國際菁英力量。

符合這三項特徵的是 populism。Populism 指「民粹主義」,核心是以「人民」對抗被視為脫離民眾的菁英或既有權力結構;與 national- 結合後,national-populism 常指將民族主義與民粹主義結合,強調本國人民、國家主權及反全球化立場的政治運動。

因此答案為:

national+populism=national-populism\text{national}+\text{populism}=\text{national-populism}

選項分析

(A) eclecticism:折衷主義、兼收並蓄

Eclecticism 指從不同思想、學派或風格中選取並融合元素,重點在於「多方取材、折衷融合」。

它與「人民運動」、「保護國家」或「對抗全球化力量」沒有直接關聯。national-eclecticism 也不是本句所要表達的常見政治概念,因此錯誤。

(B) ethnocentrism:民族中心主義、種族中心主義

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第 16 題1 分

Huck sought not only to win the case but also to inflict a(n) _____ punishment on his adversary.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「語意搭配」。句中關鍵結構為:

  • seek not only A but also B:不僅尋求 A,也尋求 B
  • inflict punishment on someone:對某人施加懲罰
  • vindictive punishment:帶有報復性、洩憤性的懲罰

句意是:Huck 不僅想贏得這場官司,還想對對手施加一種帶有報復意味的懲罰。


解題方法

先掌握句子的骨架:

Huck sought not only to win the case but also to inflict a(n) _____ punishment on his adversary.

not only A but also B 連接兩個平行的不定詞片語:

  • to win the case
  • to inflict ... punishment

空格位於名詞 punishment 前,需填入能描述「懲罰性質」的形容詞。句中 adversary 表示「對手、敵手」,搭配「贏得官司」及「懲罰對手」的語境,可判斷 Huck 的目的不只是勝訴,更包括報復對方,因此選 vindictive。

題幹定位句:

Huck sought not only to win the case but also to inflict a(n) vindictive punishment on his adversary.
Huck 不僅想贏得這場官司,也想對他的對手施加報復性的懲罰。


選項分析

(A) addictive

addictive 意為「使人上癮的、容易成癮的」。

常修飾:

  • addictive drugs:容易成癮的藥物
  • addictive games:令人上癮的遊戲
  • addictive substances:成癮性物質

addictive punishment 意為「令人上癮的懲罰」,不符合懲罰對對手進行報復的語意,因此錯誤。


(B) dimensional

dimensional 意為「尺寸的、維度的、空間尺度的」。

常見搭配:

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第 17 題1 分

Even a speech on a serious subject should be _____ with a little humour.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「動詞搭配」。句意是:即使是嚴肅主題的演講,也應該加入一點幽默,使內容較輕鬆、不至於過於沉重。

關鍵片語為:

  • leaven A with B:在 A 中加入 B,使 A 變得較輕鬆、活潑或容易接受
  • a little humour:一點幽默
  • a serious subject:嚴肅的主題

其中 leaven 原意是「加入酵母使麵團發酵」,引申為「調和、緩和、增添趣味」。因此,be leavened with a little humour 表示「加入一點幽默加以調和」。


解題方法

先觀察句型:

Even a speech on a serious subject should be _____ with a little humour.

空格後接 with a little humour,需要填入能和 with 搭配,且語意上表示「加入、調和」的過去分詞。

題幹定位句為:

Even a speech on a serious subject should be leavened with a little humour.

翻譯為:

即使是以嚴肅主題為內容的演講,也應該加入一點幽默來調和。

「嚴肅的演講」與「一點幽默」之間是調和關係,而不是攻擊、包圍、轟炸或脅迫,因此選 leavened。


選項分析

(A) assailed

assail 意為「猛烈攻擊、抨擊」,常見搭配有:

  • assail a person:攻擊某人
  • assail an argument:抨擊某項論點
  • be assailed by doubts:受到疑慮困擾

若填入句中:

A speech should be assailed with a little humour.

會變成「演講應該用一點幽默來攻擊」,語意不合。幽默在此是用來調和演講內容,不是攻擊演講,因此錯誤。

(B) besieged

besiege 原意為「包圍、圍攻」,也可引申為「大量困擾、紛至沓來」。常見搭配有:

  • besiege a city:包圍城市
  • be besieged by reporters:被記者團團包圍
  • be besieged by questions:被大量問題困擾

若填入句中,會形成「演講被一點幽默包圍」的意思,不符合正常語意,也不符合 with a little humour 在此處的功能,因此錯誤。

(C) bombarded

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第 18 題1 分

The police officers were found guilty of serious _____ of duty.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「固定搭配」與「字義辨析」。

句型為:

be found guilty of + 名詞

表示「被判定犯有……罪」,空格需要填入一個能與 of duty 搭配、且符合警察失職語境的名詞。

最常見且固定的搭配是:

dereliction of duty
玩忽職守;怠忽職守;失職

因此答案為 dereliction。

題幹定位與翻譯

The police officers were found guilty of serious dereliction of duty.

翻譯:

這些警察被判定犯有嚴重的玩忽職守罪。

其中:

  • police officers:警察;警員
  • be found guilty of:被判定犯有……罪
  • serious:嚴重的
  • dereliction of duty:玩忽職守;怠忽職守
  • duty:職責;義務

dereliction 本身指「怠忽、疏忽、玩忽」,在法律、行政及正式語體中,最常見的搭配就是 dereliction of duty。

解題方法

先判斷句子的語意:

  1. 主詞是 police officers,涉及警察履行職責的情境。
  2. were found guilty of 後面要接一個罪行或違失行為的名詞。
  3. of duty 明確提示「對職責的怠忽」。
  4. 因此選擇能構成固定片語 dereliction of duty 的選項。

句子的核心搭配可記為:

serious dereliction of duty
嚴重失職

選項分析

(A) declension

declension 主要指:

  • 字詞的屈折變化,尤其是名詞、代名詞的格變化
  • 衰退;下降

例如:

the declension of Latin nouns
拉丁文名詞的變格

declension of duty 並非表示「怠忽職守」的固定搭配。警察未善盡職責時,正式英文使用 dereliction of duty,不用 declension of duty,故錯誤。

(B) dereliction

dereliction 指:

  • 玩忽
  • 怠忽
  • 疏忽
  • 失職

固定片語:

dereliction of duty

表示「玩忽職守;怠忽職守」,完全符合警察因未履行職責而被判有罪的語境,故正確。

(C) detonation

detonation 指:

  • 爆炸
  • 引爆
  • 爆轟

例如:

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第 19 題1 分

The model railway has all the buildings, bridges, and trees in _____.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考:

  1. 單字詞義辨識
  2. 固定片語 in miniature 的用法
  3. 依據上下文判斷「模型鐵路」中的建築物、橋梁與樹木呈現何種狀態。

miniature 可作名詞或形容詞,表示「縮小的模型、縮小版」。片語 in miniature 表示「以縮小的形式、按縮小比例呈現」。

解題方法

題幹主詞是:

The model railway
模型鐵路

模型鐵路中的 buildings、bridges、trees 不是真實尺寸,而是按照比例縮小的模型,因此空格應填入表示「縮小版」的字。

定位答案的關鍵句為:

The model railway has all the buildings, bridges, and trees in miniature.
這座模型鐵路擁有按縮小比例製作的所有建築物、橋梁和樹木。

其中 in miniature 是固定用法,意思是「以縮小的形式、以模型的尺寸」。

因此答案為 (C) miniature。

選項分析

(A) hindrance

hindrance 是名詞,意思是「障礙、妨礙之物」。

例如:

Lack of experience was a hindrance to his success.
缺乏經驗是他成功的障礙。

in hindrance 並非本題適用的慣用表達,而且建築物、橋梁和樹木並不是「以障礙的形式」存在,語意不通。

(B) intervention

intervention 是名詞,意思是「介入、干涉、干預」。

例如:

The conflict ended after international intervention.
這場衝突在國際介入後結束。

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第 20 題1 分

Not wanting others to criticize her, she _____ any involvement in the company’s hiring scandal.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與「動詞搭配」。句意是:她不希望遭到他人批評,因此否認自己與公司的聘僱醜聞有任何關係。

關鍵搭配為:

  • disavow + 名詞:否認、不承認;拒絕承認與某事有關
  • any involvement in ...:與……有任何涉入/牽涉

因此,disavoweddisavowed 最符合「否認涉入醜聞」的語意。

題幹定位與翻譯

Not wanting others to criticize her, she disavowed any involvement in the company’s hiring scandal.

翻譯:

由於不希望別人批評她,她否認自己與公司的聘僱醜聞有任何牽連。

句首 Not wanting others to criticize her 是分詞片語,修飾主詞 she,表示原因或動機;主要子句的動詞需要表達「否認涉入」的意思。

解題方法

先抓住句中的兩個語意線索:

  1. Not wanting others to criticize her
    表示她想避免負面批評。
  2. any involvement in the company’s hiring scandal
    表示她要撇清自己與「聘僱醜聞」的關係。

因此,空格應填入「否認、撇清關係」的動詞。
disavow 正好表示公開否認某種責任、立場或關聯,常與 involvement、responsibility、knowledge 等字搭配。

選項分析

(A) disavowed:否認、不承認,正確

disavow 是「否認、不承認;拒絕承認與某事有關」。
disavowed any involvement 表示「否認有任何涉入」,與前面的「不希望別人批評她」及後面的「聘僱醜聞」完全吻合。

例句:

  • He disavowed any responsibility for the accident.
    他否認對這起事故負有任何責任。
  • The politician disavowed any connection with the organization.
    那名政治人物否認與該組織有任何關係。

(B) displaced:取代;迫使離開,錯誤

displace 表示「取代原有的人或事物」,或「使某人離開原來的位置」。例如:

  • New technology displaced many traditional jobs.
    新科技取代了許多傳統工作。

句中需要的是「否認涉入醜聞」,而不是「取代涉入」或「使涉入離開」;displaced any involvement 不是自然的語意搭配。

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第 21 題1 分

But for the leg injury he suffered last year, he _____ for the national team.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「與過去事實相反的假設語氣」以及「被動語態」。

句首的 But for + 名詞 等於:

  • If it had not been for + 名詞
  • Without + 名詞

「But for the leg injury he suffered last year」意為「要不是他去年所受的腿傷」。由於腿傷發生在過去,且「入選國家隊」是過去可能發生、但實際未發生的事件,因此主句使用:

主詞+would have been+過去分詞\text{主詞}+\text{would have been}+\text{過去分詞}

這是「過去非事實假設」的被動形式。

題幹定位與翻譯

But for the leg injury he suffered last year, he _____ for the national team.

翻譯為:

要不是他去年所受的腿傷,他很可能已經入選國家隊了。

其中:

  • but for:要不是;若沒有
  • leg injury:腿傷
  • suffer an injury:遭受傷害
  • national team:國家代表隊
  • pick:挑選;選入
  • be picked for the national team:被選入國家隊

解題方法

先判斷語意:他因為去年受傷,所以實際上沒有被選入國家隊。這是對過去事實的相反假設。

完整句可改寫為:

If it had not been for the leg injury he suffered last year, he would probably have been picked for the national team.

主詞 he 是「被選入」國家隊,不是主動挑選別人,因此需要被動語態:

would probably have been picked\text{would probably have been picked}

結構分析如下:

  • would:假設語氣
  • probably:很可能
  • have been:過去完成式的被動結構
  • picked:過去分詞

因此正確答案為 (E) would probably have been picked。

選項分析

(A) will probably pick

he will probably pick

pick 是主動語態,意思是「他很可能會挑選某人或某物」。句意需要的是「他被選入國家隊」,因此主詞 he 不應是動作者。

此外,will 表示未來或預測,與「去年受傷」所形成的過去反事實語境不合。

(B) would probably pick

he would probably pick

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第 22 題1 分

Since Kate went to the college, she has had trouble _____ her time. Thus, she missed many classes.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「固定搭配」與動名詞(gerund)的用法:

have trouble / difficulty + V-ing
表示「做某事有困難」。

句型結構為:

主詞+have/has/had trouble+V-ing\text{主詞}+\text{have/has/had trouble}+\text{V-ing}

因此,has had trouble _____ her time 中,trouble 後面應接動名詞 managing。


題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句為:

Since Kate went to the college, she has had trouble managing her time.
自從 Kate 上大學以來,她在管理時間方面一直有困難。

後句:

Thus, she missed many classes.
因此,她缺了很多堂課。

has had trouble managing her time 表示從過去持續到現在的困難;managing her time 是「管理她的時間」。


解題方法

先辨認空格前的固定搭配:

has had trouble _____

have trouble 後面通常接:

  1. V-ing:have trouble doing something
  2. with + 名詞/V-ing:have trouble with something

本句空格後接 her time,完整片語應為:

have trouble managing her time

其中 managing 是動名詞,作為 trouble 的補語,說明 Kate 困難的事情是「管理時間」。

所以正確答案為 (C) managing。


選項分析

(A) manage

manage 是原形動詞。have trouble 後不能直接接原形動詞:

have trouble manage her time

此結構不符合英文固定搭配,因此錯誤。


(B) managed

managed 是過去式或過去分詞。have trouble 後需要用動名詞表示「在做某事方面有困難」,不能使用過去式:

have trouble managed her time

此處在文法上不成立,因此錯誤。


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第 23 題1 分

_____ the electricity rate will rise by average 11% next month is expected to cause a profound impact on the national economics.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「名詞子句作主詞」的用法,核心句型為:

That + 完整子句+單數動詞+主句補語\text{That + 完整子句} + \text{單數動詞} + \text{主句補語}

That 可引導名詞子句,整個子句具有名詞功能,可放在句首作主詞。

題幹結構如下:

  • 主詞:That the electricity rate will rise by average 11% next month
  • 動詞:is expected
  • 補語:to cause a profound impact on the national economics

其中,That 後方的 the electricity rate will rise ... 是結構完整的子句,因此可由 That 引導成名詞子句。


解題方法

先觀察空格後方:

the electricity rate will rise by average 11% next month

這是一個完整子句:

  • 主詞:the electricity rate
  • 動詞:will rise
  • 修飾語:by average 11%
  • 時間副詞:next month

若將整個子句置於句首,必須使用能引導「完整名詞子句」的連接詞。That 正符合此功能:

That the electricity rate will rise by average 11% next month
下個月電費平均將上漲 11% 這件事

整句意思是:

下個月電費平均將上漲 11% 這件事,預期將對國家經濟造成深遠影響。

That 子句視為單數主詞,因此主句使用 is expected,文法一致。


題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵結構為:

That the electricity rate will rise by average 11% next month is expected to cause a profound impact on the national economics.

翻譯:

下個月電費平均將上漲 11% 這件事,預期將對國家經濟造成深遠影響。

其中,That ... next month 對應「電費將上漲這件事」,正是全句的主詞。


選項分析

(A) As

As 可表示「因為」「當……時」「如同」,通常引導副詞子句,必須修飾另一個主要子句。例如:

As electricity rates will rise, consumers may reduce their spending.
因為電費將上漲,消費者可能減少支出。

本題若填入 As:

As the electricity rate will rise ... is expected ...

As 引導的是副詞子句,無法充當 is expected 前面的名詞主詞,因此句法不成立。

(B) And

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第 24 題1 分

_____ halfway between Hawaii and Australia, Tuvalu is threatened by rising sea levels.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「分詞片語簡化句」與「過去分詞的被動語態」。

題幹完整結構為:

Located halfway between Hawaii and Australia, Tuvalu is threatened by rising sea levels.
位於夏威夷與澳洲中間的位置,吐瓦魯受到海平面上升的威脅。

句首的 Located halfway between Hawaii and Australia 是過去分詞片語,修飾主詞 Tuvalu。它可還原為:

Tuvalu is located halfway between Hawaii and Australia, and it is threatened by rising sea levels.
吐瓦魯位於夏威夷與澳洲中間,並受到海平面上升的威脅。

由於前後子句主詞相同,可將前面的 Tuvalu is located 簡化為過去分詞 Located,形成:

Located ..., Tuvalu is threatened ...\text{Located ..., Tuvalu is threatened ...}

解題方法

先觀察逗號後的主要子句:

Tuvalu is threatened by rising sea levels.

這是一個完整的被動語態句:

  • 主詞:Tuvalu
  • 動詞:is threatened
  • 介系詞片語:by rising sea levels

逗號前的空格需要填入一個修飾 Tuvalu 的片語,表示「吐瓦魯位於夏威夷與澳洲之間」。

「位於某處」是被動概念,因為 Tuvalu 是「被定位、被置於」某地,英文使用:

be located + 地點

簡化後,將 is located 中的 is 省略,留下過去分詞:

Located halfway between Hawaii and Australia

因此選 (D) Located。

選項分析

(A) Be located

be located 是原形不定詞或祈使語氣形式,不能直接放在句首作為修飾主詞的分詞片語。

若寫成:

Be located halfway between Hawaii and Australia, Tuvalu is threatened...

句首的 Be located 缺乏適當的句法功能,無法自然修飾後面的主詞 Tuvalu。本題需要的是過去分詞 Located,不是 be located。

(B) Locating

locating 是現在分詞,具有主動意味,表示「正在定位、正在找出位置」。

若使用 Locating halfway between Hawaii and Australia,語意會變成「吐瓦魯正在定位於夏威夷與澳洲之間」,不符合吐瓦魯本身作為地理位置主體的語意。且 locate 通常是及物動詞,主詞通常是定位者,而不是被定位的地點。

本題表達「吐瓦魯位於某處」,應使用被動概念的 located。

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第 25 題1 分

They recommended that the windows _____ opened.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「表達建議、要求、命令」的動詞後接 that 子句,以及被動語態。

動詞如:

  • recommend(建議)
  • suggest(建議)
  • insist(堅持要求)
  • demand(要求)
  • require(要求)

後面的 that 子句可使用「虛擬語氣」:

主詞+recommend+that+主詞+原形動詞\text{主詞}+\text{recommend}+\text{that}+\text{主詞}+\text{原形動詞}

若 that 子句中的主詞是動作承受者,須使用被動語態:

that+主詞+be+過去分詞\text{that}+\text{主詞}+\text{be}+\text{過去分詞}

否定形式為:

that+主詞+not be+過去分詞\text{that}+\text{主詞}+\text{not be}+\text{過去分詞}

因此:

They recommended that the windows not be opened.
他們建議窗戶不要被打開。

解題方法

題幹中的動詞是 recommended,表示「建議」,後接 that 子句時可採用虛擬語氣。

空格後面的 opened 是過去分詞,表示「被打開」,所以前面必須有被動語態的助動詞 be。

又因為句意是「建議窗戶不要被打開」,需要否定詞 not。完整結構為:

that the windows not be opened\text{that the windows not be opened}

故空格應填入 not be。

題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句為:

They recommended that the windows _____ opened.

填入答案後:

They recommended that the windows not be opened.

翻譯為:

他們建議不要打開窗戶。

其中:

  • recommend that...:建議……
  • window:窗戶
  • not be opened:不要被打開

選項分析

(A) had to

填入後為:

They recommended that the windows had to opened.

錯誤原因有二:

  1. had to 後面必須接原形動詞,不能直接接過去分詞 opened。
  2. 若要表達被動語態,應為 had to be opened,但此句會變成「窗戶必須被打開」,與題目要表達的「不要被打開」不符。

因此錯誤。

(B) not be

填入後為:

They recommended that the windows not be opened.

這是正確的虛擬語氣與被動語態:

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第 26 題1 分

For each sentence, please choose ONE underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.

Should students have questions regarding their assignments, they could write an email to make an appointment with the professor. The professor usually replies within three days as long as he is away on a business trip.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. Should 引導的倒裝條件句
  2. 情態動詞 could 的用法
  3. 一般現在式表達習慣
  4. 條件連接詞 as long as 的語意
  5. 否定與語意邏輯是否符合上下文

題幹句子:

Should students have questions regarding their assignments, they could write an email to make an appointment with the professor. The professor usually replies within three days as long as he is away on a business trip.

翻譯:

如果學生對作業有疑問,可以寫電子郵件與教授預約。只要教授正在出差,他通常會在三天內回覆。

第二句的語意不合常理:教授「正在出差」時,通常反而不容易在三天內回覆。因此官方答案將 (E) is away 視為錯誤,應改為否定形式,例如:

The professor usually replies within three days as long as he is not away on a business trip.

意即:

只要教授沒有出差,他通常會在三天內回覆。

解題方法

先將第一句還原:

Should students have questions regarding their assignments, ...

等同於:

If students should have questions regarding their assignments, ...

這是正式英文中的倒裝條件句,文法正確。接著檢查第二句的連接詞與語意:

usually replies within three days as long as he is away on a business trip

as long as 表示「只要、在……條件下」,後面接肯定句時,表示前述事情成立的條件。此句變成「只要教授正在出差,他就通常會在三天內回覆」,與一般情境及上下文語意矛盾。因此依官方答案,錯誤定位在 (E) is away。

選項分析

(A) Should

Should students have questions ...

此處是條件句倒裝:

Should + 主詞 + 原形動詞,主詞 + will/can/could ...

完整形式為:

If students should have questions regarding their assignments, ...

表示「如果學生有任何作業上的問題」。這種用法正式且合乎文法,(A) 正確。

其中 have 是原形動詞,因為 should 是情態動詞,後面必須接原形動詞。

(B) could

they could write an email ...

could 可表示「可以、能夠」,此處用於提出較委婉的建議或說明可能採取的做法:

他們可以寫電子郵件……

句型結構為:

主詞 + could + 原形動詞

write 是原形動詞,搭配正確,(B) 正確。

(C) usually replies

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第 27 題1 分

For each sentence, please choose ONE underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.

The future of AI holds tremendous potential, with advancements expecting in various sectors like healthcare, transportation, and finance. However, ethical considerations, job displacement, and the need for responsible AI governance are crucial factors that will shape its development and impact on society.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 分詞片語與被動語態
  2. with + 名詞 + 分詞的獨立分詞結構
  3. 現在分詞(V-ing)與過去分詞(p.p.)的語意差異
  4. 主詞與動詞的一致、名詞可數性及字詞搭配

關鍵句為:

The future of AI holds tremendous potential, with advancements expecting in various sectors like healthcare, transportation, and finance.

可翻譯為:

人工智慧的未來具有極大的潛力,各個領域都預期會有進展,例如醫療保健、運輸及金融。

其中,advancements 是「進展、發展」之意;它本身是「被預期」會出現,而不是主動「期待」某事,因此應使用過去分詞 expected,不能使用現在分詞 expecting。


解題方法

看到 with + 名詞 + 分詞 時,先判斷該名詞與分詞之間是主動還是被動關係:

  • 名詞主動執行動作:使用現在分詞 V-ing
  • 名詞承受動作:使用過去分詞 p.p.

本句的邏輯是:

advancements are expected in various sectors

「各領域預期會有進展」中,advancements 是 expect 的受詞概念,表示「進展被預期」,所以可將完整子句縮減為:

with advancements expected in various sectors

因此,expecting 應改為 expected。


選項分析

(A) holds

holds 使用正確。

句子的主詞是:

The future of AI

核心主詞為單數名詞 future,因此動詞使用第三人稱單數 holds。

hold tremendous potential 是常見搭配,意思是「具有極大的潛力」。

  • The future ... holds tremendous potential.
  • 人工智慧的未來具有極大的潛力。

因此,(A) 不是錯誤所在。


(B) potential

potential 使用正確。

potential 在此作名詞,表示「潛力、可能性」,通常為不可數名詞,因此不使用複數形 potentials。

常見搭配包括:

  • hold potential:具有潛力
  • tremendous potential:極大的潛力
  • have the potential to do something:有做某事的潛力

holds tremendous potential 語意與文法皆正確,因此 (B) 不是答案。


(C) expecting

expecting 使用錯誤,為本題答案。

expecting 是現在分詞,表示主動進行「期待、預期」的動作。若依原句結構理解,意思會變成:

advancements are expecting ...

也就是「進展正在期待……」,讓無生命的 advancements 成為主動期待者,語意不合。

本句應表達:

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第 28 題1 分

For each sentence, please choose ONE underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.

Strawberry squid, as they’re known, are well adapted to their habitat. Their red color, when absorbing in the sunless deep, fades into a brownish black, blending them into their surroundings.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 分詞片語與主句主詞的邏輯關係。
  2. 現在分詞(VV-ing)與過去分詞(p.p.p.p.)的主動、被動差異。
  3. 動詞搭配與語意是否符合上下文。

現在分詞表示主動或進行中的動作;過去分詞常表示被動或完成狀態。

  • absorbing:正在吸收、主動吸收
  • absorbed:被吸收

定位答案的關鍵句

Their red color, when absorbing in the sunless deep, fades into a brownish black, blending them into their surroundings.

翻譯:

它們的紅色在無陽光的深海中被吸收時,會褪變成棕黑色,使它們融入周遭環境。

此處主詞是 Their red color。依語意,紅色是「被深海吸收」,而不是「主動吸收進入深海」,因此應使用被動語態 absorbed:

Their red color, when absorbed in the sunless deep, fades into a brownish black...

所以 absorbing 的主動形式不合句意,應改為 absorbed。

選項分析

(A) are known

Strawberry squid, as they’re known, are well adapted to their habitat.

主詞 Strawberry squid 指草莓魷魚,為複數名詞,因此使用複數動詞 are 正確。
as they’re known 是插入的關係子句,意為「正如人們所稱呼的」,文法正確。

(B) adapted

be adapted to 表示「適應於……」,是固定搭配:

are well adapted to their habitat
很適應它們的棲息地

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第 29 題1 分

For each sentence, please choose ONE underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.

The governor had committed to lower the burden of new parents by reducing the tax rate and providing rental subsidies. However, none of his promise was kept, which really disappointed his people.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. commit to + V-ing:表示「承諾做某事、致力於做某事」。
  2. 介系詞後接動名詞:介系詞 to 若屬於片語 commit to,此處是介系詞,後面須接名詞或動名詞。
  3. 平行結構:by + V-ing ... and + V-ing ...。
  4. none of + 名詞 的搭配與動詞一致性。

定位答案的原文與翻譯

錯誤所在句為:

The governor had committed to lower the burden of new parents by reducing the tax rate and providing rental subsidies.

翻譯:

州長曾承諾透過降低稅率及提供租金補助,來減輕新手父母的負擔。

其中 committed to lower 應改為 committed to lowering,因此答案為 (B) lower。


解題方法

先找出句子的主要結構:

  • had committed to ...:承諾……
  • by reducing ... and providing ...:藉由降低……以及提供……

關鍵在於 commit to 是固定用法。此處的 to 是介系詞,不是不定詞符號,因此後面不能直接接原形動詞 lower,必須接名詞或動名詞:

  • commit to lowering the burden
  • commit to the policy

所以原句的 lower 應改成 lowering。

正確句子為:

The governor had committed to lowering the burden of new parents by reducing the tax rate and providing rental subsidies.


選項分析

(A) had committed

had committed 是過去完成式,表示「在過去某個時間點之前已承諾」。句中使用過去完成式在文法上成立:

The governor had committed to lowering the burden.

雖然上下文若只描述單一過去事件,使用 committed 也可能更自然,但 had committed 本身沒有文法錯誤,因此不是答案。


(B) lower

commit to 中的 to 是介系詞,後面須接名詞或動名詞,不能接原形動詞:

  • 錯誤:committed to lower
  • 正確:committed to lowering

因此 (B) lower 是本題錯誤所在。


(C) providing

此處使用平行結構:

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第 30 題1 分

For each sentence, please choose ONE underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.

The painting exhibited in the grand museum was stolen last night. The public felt shocking and sad because the painting was closely related to the history of the city and meant a lot to the people.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「分詞形容詞(participial adjectives)」的語意與主詞角色。

  • -ed 分詞形容詞:通常描述「受到某種情緒或影響的人」。
  • shocked:感到震驚的
  • interested:感到有興趣的
  • bored:感到無聊的
  • -ing 分詞形容詞:通常描述「造成某種情緒或影響的人、事、物」。
  • shocking:令人震驚的
  • interesting:令人感興趣的
  • boring:令人感到無聊的

句中主詞 The public 是「感到震驚與難過」的一方,屬於情緒的感受者,因此應使用 shocked,而非 shocking。

定位答案的原文與翻譯

The public felt shocking and sad because the painting was closely related to the history of the city and meant a lot to the people.

市民感到震驚且難過,因為這幅畫與這座城市的歷史密切相關,對市民而言意義重大。

其中 The public felt shocking 應改為:

The public felt shocked and sad.

意思是「市民感到震驚且難過」。

解題方法

先觀察情緒形容詞 shocking / shocked 的使用對象:

  1. 判斷主詞:The public。
  2. 判斷主詞是情緒的「感受者」還是「引發者」:
  • 市民是感到震驚的人,屬於感受者。
  • 被偷的畫才是引起震驚的事件或事物。
  1. 感受者使用 -ed 形式,因此應為 shocked。

正確句型為:

The public felt shocked and sad.

其中 felt 是感官或連綴動詞,後面可接形容詞作主詞補語,例如:

  • She felt tired.
  • He felt disappointed.
  • The students felt excited.

因此本句需要描述市民「感受到的狀態」,使用 shocked 最符合語意與慣用法。

選項分析

(A) exhibited

The painting exhibited in the grand museum...

exhibited 是過去分詞,表示「被展出的」。此處為省略關係子句:

The painting exhibited in the grand museum
= The painting which was exhibited in the grand museum

完整意思是「在大型博物館展出的那幅畫」。主詞 the painting 是被展出的對象,因此使用過去分詞 exhibited 正確。

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第 31 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The American Congress voted on a bill that could ban TikTok and the new legislation has a lot of users worried. There are thousands of small business that are on TikTok, and many American families are going to be hurt as a result of this ban. It was hard to imagine the devastation either socially, financially or socioeconomically for some people who rely on these platforms. 70,000 plus emails and more than 7,000 calls were sent to the members of Congress, and a Congressional letter has been officially sent to the Department of the Interior.

When over 1.1 million letters were sent to the White House urging to stop an $8 million oil drilling project in Alaska, the vast majority of the letters that were sent were coming through the educational content from TikTok. The administration’s policies were influenced through that. The oil drilling was stopped a few months later. This could only prove the influence of social media like TikTok. However, if the government is aware of its real impact, they should be regulating all the social media companies, not simply TikTok.

There was an urge for passing comprehensive data privacy laws in the US. In this way, more people could be protected, and at the same time, keep these apps. It also paves a way for safer apps in the future. What’s at stake is a platform that has been consistently, relentlessly used to organize and for young people to teach each other, to share resources, to learn, and to take action as a result of those learnings.

What is the purpose of this passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「文章主旨判斷」。解題重點不是只找文章提到的單一事件,而是觀察:

  1. 作者主要討論的議題為何。
  2. 作者對此議題採取什麼立場。
  3. 各段內容是否共同支持某項主張。

本文表面上提到 TikTok 禁令、石油開採案與資料隱私,但這些內容都用來支持作者的政策主張:政府不應只禁止 TikTok,而應制定全面的資料隱私法規,並規範所有社群媒體公司。因此文章目的屬於「提出並辯護一項政策主張」。


解題方法

先掌握文章的論述方向:

  • 第一段:說明 TikTok 若遭禁,許多小型企業、家庭與依賴平台的人會受到傷害。
  • 第二段:以 TikTok 協助民眾反對阿拉斯加石油開採計畫為例,說明社群媒體具有實際的社會與政治影響力。
  • 第三段:提出作者認為較合理的政策方向,即制定全面的資料隱私法,讓民眾受到保護,同時保留這些應用程式的使用權。

定位答案的關鍵句是:

“However, if the government is aware of its real impact, they should be regulating all the social media companies, not simply TikTok.”

翻譯為:

然而,如果政府了解社群媒體真正的影響力,就應該規範所有社群媒體公司,而不只是 TikTok。

此外,第三段也直接提出政策方向:

“There was an urge for passing comprehensive data privacy laws in the US.”

翻譯為:

美國有迫切需要通過全面性的資料隱私法。

這兩句都顯示作者並非單純敘述事件,而是在主張政府應採取何種政策。因此答案為 (A) To argue about a policy。


關鍵單字與片語

  • vote on a bill:對法案進行表決
  • ban:禁止;禁令
  • legislation:立法;法案
  • be worried:感到擔心
  • small business:小型企業
  • as a result of:由於;因此
  • devastation:嚴重破壞;巨大損失
  • rely on:依賴
  • platform:平台
  • member of Congress:國會議員
  • urge:敦促;呼籲
  • oil drilling project:石油鑽探計畫
  • the vast majority of:絕大多數的
  • administration:政府;行政當局
  • influence:影響
  • regulate:規範;管制
  • comprehensive:全面的;完整的
  • data privacy laws:資料隱私法
  • at stake:處於利害關係中;攸關成敗
  • organize:組織;動員
  • take action:採取行動
  • as a result of:由於;作為……的結果

文法與語意重點

  1. could + 原形動詞

“a bill that could ban TikTok”

此處 couldcould 表示「可能」,修飾後面的原形動詞 banban,意為「可能禁止 TikTok 的法案」。

  1. 被動語態

“70,000 plus emails and more than 7,000 calls were sent to the members of Congress”

主詞是 emails 和 calls,因為「信件與電話被送交」國會議員,所以使用被動語態 weresentwere sent。

  1. 關係代名詞 that

“a bill that could ban TikTok”

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第 32 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The American Congress voted on a bill that could ban TikTok and the new legislation has a lot of users worried. There are thousands of small business that are on TikTok, and many American families are going to be hurt as a result of this ban. It was hard to imagine the devastation either socially, financially or socioeconomically for some people who rely on these platforms. 70,000 plus emails and more than 7,000 calls were sent to the members of Congress, and a Congressional letter has been officially sent to the Department of the Interior.

When over 1.1 million letters were sent to the White House urging to stop an $8 million oil drilling project in Alaska, the vast majority of the letters that were sent were coming through the educational content from TikTok. The administration’s policies were influenced through that. The oil drilling was stopped a few months later. This could only prove the influence of social media like TikTok. However, if the government is aware of its real impact, they should be regulating all the social media companies, not simply TikTok.

There was an urge for passing comprehensive data privacy laws in the US. In this way, more people could be protected, and at the same time, keep these apps. It also paves a way for safer apps in the future. What’s at stake is a platform that has been consistently, relentlessly used to organize and for young people to teach each other, to share resources, to learn, and to take action as a result of those learnings.

What is the best title for this passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀測驗中的「主旨與最佳標題」判斷。解題重點是:

  1. 找出文章反覆討論的核心對象。
  2. 判斷作者主要說明的是「事件本身」、「事件造成的影響」,還是「作者的立場」。
  3. 選擇涵蓋全文、語意中性且範圍最恰當的標題。

本文核心在於:美國若禁止 TikTok,將對小型企業、家庭、社會運動、資訊傳播及資料隱私政策造成影響;文章並主張政府應制定全面性的資料隱私法,而不應只針對 TikTok。


解題方法

閱讀標題題時,不能只根據第一段判斷,必須整合全文內容。

本文各段重點如下:

  • 第一段:TikTok 禁令可能傷害許多小型企業與家庭,並造成社會、財務及社經層面的破壞。
  • 第二段:TikTok 曾協助民眾推動停止阿拉斯加石油鑽探計畫,顯示其具有社會動員與政策影響力。
  • 第三段:TikTok 被用於組織活動、分享資源、學習與採取行動;作者主張建立全面性的資料隱私法,以保障使用者並保留這些應用程式。

因此,文章不是單純說 TikTok 有害,也不是介紹新的商業模式,而是在分析「禁止 TikTok 可能造成的各種影響」。


定位答案的關鍵句

第一段明確指出:

“many American families are going to be hurt as a result of this ban.”

意思是:「許多美國家庭將因這項禁令而受到傷害。」

接著又說:

“It was hard to imagine the devastation either socially, financially or socioeconomically for some people who rely on these platforms.”

意思是:「對某些依賴這些平台的人而言,很難想像這項禁令在社會、財務或社經層面會造成多大的破壞。」

最後一段補充 TikTok 的社會功能:

“What’s at stake is a platform that has been consistently, relentlessly used to organize and for young people to teach each other, to share resources, to learn, and to take action as a result of those learnings.”

意思是:「目前受到影響的是一個長期且持續被用來組織活動、讓年輕人彼此教學、分享資源、學習,並根據所學採取行動的平台。」

這些句子共同支持「TikTok 禁令的影響」這個主旨,因此選項 (C) 最完整、最精確。


關鍵單字與片語

  • Congress:國會
  • vote on a bill:對法案進行表決
  • ban:禁止;禁令
  • legislation:立法;法案
  • be worried:感到擔心
  • small business:小型企業
  • as a result of:由於;因為
  • devastation:破壞;毀滅性後果
  • socially:在社會層面上
  • financially:在財務層面上
  • rely on:依賴
  • member of Congress:國會議員
  • Department of the Interior:內政部
  • urge:敦促;呼籲
  • oil drilling project:石油鑽探計畫
  • vast majority:絕大多數
  • administration:政府;行政當局
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第 33 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The American Congress voted on a bill that could ban TikTok and the new legislation has a lot of users worried. There are thousands of small business that are on TikTok, and many American families are going to be hurt as a result of this ban. It was hard to imagine the devastation either socially, financially or socioeconomically for some people who rely on these platforms. 70,000 plus emails and more than 7,000 calls were sent to the members of Congress, and a Congressional letter has been officially sent to the Department of the Interior.

When over 1.1 million letters were sent to the White House urging to stop an $8 million oil drilling project in Alaska, the vast majority of the letters that were sent were coming through the educational content from TikTok. The administration’s policies were influenced through that. The oil drilling was stopped a few months later. This could only prove the influence of social media like TikTok. However, if the government is aware of its real impact, they should be regulating all the social media companies, not simply TikTok.

There was an urge for passing comprehensive data privacy laws in the US. In this way, more people could be protected, and at the same time, keep these apps. It also paves a way for safer apps in the future. What’s at stake is a platform that has been consistently, relentlessly used to organize and for young people to teach each other, to share resources, to learn, and to take action as a result of those learnings.

Why is ‘oil drilling’ mentioned in Paragraph 2?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「舉例說明功能」。解題重點不是只看 oil drilling 的字面意思,而是判斷第二段提到阿拉斯加石油鑽探計畫的目的。

文章主旨是:TikTok 不僅是娛樂平台,也能動員民眾、傳播資訊,甚至影響政府政策。因此,第二段以「停止阿拉斯加的石油鑽探計畫」作為具體事例,證明 TikTok 對政策制定具有相當影響力。

定位關鍵句

第二段指出:

“When over 1.1 million letters were sent to the White House urging to stop an

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第 34 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The American Congress voted on a bill that could ban TikTok and the new legislation has a lot of users worried. There are thousands of small business that are on TikTok, and many American families are going to be hurt as a result of this ban. It was hard to imagine the devastation either socially, financially or socioeconomically for some people who rely on these platforms. 70,000 plus emails and more than 7,000 calls were sent to the members of Congress, and a Congressional letter has been officially sent to the Department of the Interior.

When over 1.1 million letters were sent to the White House urging to stop an $8 million oil drilling project in Alaska, the vast majority of the letters that were sent were coming through the educational content from TikTok. The administration’s policies were influenced through that. The oil drilling was stopped a few months later. This could only prove the influence of social media like TikTok. However, if the government is aware of its real impact, they should be regulating all the social media companies, not simply TikTok.

There was an urge for passing comprehensive data privacy laws in the US. In this way, more people could be protected, and at the same time, keep these apps. It also paves a way for safer apps in the future. What’s at stake is a platform that has been consistently, relentlessly used to organize and for young people to teach each other, to share resources, to learn, and to take action as a result of those learnings.

What does ‘its’ in Paragraph 2 refer to?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「代名詞指涉(pronoun reference)」與「語意一致性(semantic coherence)」。

its 是所有格代名詞,意思是「它的」。判斷指涉對象時,不能只看距離最近的名詞,還要檢查:

  1. 文法上能否作為 its 的先行詞。
  2. 放入句中後,語意是否合理。
  3. 前後文的主題與論述重點是否一致。

定位答案的關鍵句

題幹第二段末句:

However, if the government is aware of its real impact, they should be regulating all the social media companies, not simply TikTok.
然而,如果政府了解它真正的影響力,政府就應該管制所有社群媒體公司,而不只是 TikTok。

前文先說:

This could only prove the influence of social media like TikTok.
這只能證明 TikTok 這類社群媒體的影響力。

接著談到政府應如何因應社群媒體的影響。因此,its real impact 指的是 TikTok 真正的影響力,也就是 TikTok 對輿論、社會行動與政府政策所產生的影響。


解題方法

將各選項代入 its real impact:

the real impact of TikTok
TikTok 真正的影響力

此語意與全文完全吻合。文章前面提到:

  • TikTok 使用者發送大量電子郵件與電話給國會議員。
  • TikTok 的教育內容促成超過 110 萬封信寄往白宮。
  • 這些行動影響政府政策,最後使阿拉斯加的石油鑽探計畫停止。

因此,文章強調的是 TikTok 具有實際的社會與政治影響力,政府應正視這項影響。


選項分析

(A) of the American Congress

its 若指 American Congress,句意會變成:

the real impact of the American Congress
美國國會真正的影響力

但文章此處正在討論政府是否了解社群媒體的影響,以及是否應管制社群媒體公司。國會只是前文中收受信件與電話的機構,並非本段所要強調的影響來源,因此不合語意。

(B) of the U.S. government

若指美國政府,句意會變成:

the real impact of the U.S. government
美國政府真正的影響力

如此便成為「政府了解政府自身的影響力」,與後面的 they should be regulating all the social media companies 不

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第 35 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The American Congress voted on a bill that could ban TikTok and the new legislation has a lot of users worried. There are thousands of small business that are on TikTok, and many American families are going to be hurt as a result of this ban. It was hard to imagine the devastation either socially, financially or socioeconomically for some people who rely on these platforms. 70,000 plus emails and more than 7,000 calls were sent to the members of Congress, and a Congressional letter has been officially sent to the Department of the Interior.

When over 1.1 million letters were sent to the White House urging to stop an $8 million oil drilling project in Alaska, the vast majority of the letters that were sent were coming through the educational content from TikTok. The administration’s policies were influenced through that. The oil drilling was stopped a few months later. This could only prove the influence of social media like TikTok. However, if the government is aware of its real impact, they should be regulating all the social media companies, not simply TikTok.

There was an urge for passing comprehensive data privacy laws in the US. In this way, more people could be protected, and at the same time, keep these apps. It also paves a way for safer apps in the future. What’s at stake is a platform that has been consistently, relentlessly used to organize and for young people to teach each other, to share resources, to learn, and to take action as a result of those learnings.

Which of the following suggestions is made by the author of this passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為閱讀理解,考查:

  • 根據文章主旨與明確細節定位答案
  • 建議、主張的語意判讀
  • 代名詞與指涉關係
  • 關鍵單字及片語理解

文章主旨是:TikTok 具有社會動員與資訊傳播的影響力,若政府認為社群媒體會造成資料與社會問題,應制定涵蓋所有社群媒體的全面性規範,而非只針對 TikTok。


解題方法

題目問:

Which of the following suggestions is made by the author of this passage?
作者在本文中提出下列哪一項建議?

解題時應尋找文章中表達「主張、建議、應該如何做」的句子。本文最關鍵的定位句是第二段最後一句:

However, if the government is aware of its real impact, they should be regulating all the social media companies, not simply TikTok.

翻譯:

然而,如果政府了解社群媒體真正的影響力,就應該規範所有社群媒體公司,而不只是 TikTok。

其中:

  • should be regulating:應該規範、應加以管制
  • all the social media companies:所有社群媒體公司
  • not simply TikTok:而不只是 TikTok

這句直接對應選項 (C) 的內容,因此答案明確為 C。


文章語意重點

第一段指出,國會通過一項可能禁止 TikTok 的法案,許多使用者及小型企業擔心禁令帶來的社會與經濟傷害。

第二段舉例說明 TikTok 的社會影響力:許多寄給白宮、反對阿拉斯加石油鑽探計畫的信件,是透過 TikTok 的教育內容而發動的。最後作者提出主張,政府若要管制,就應該規範所有社群媒體,而非只針對 TikTok。

第三段進一步主張,美國應制定全面性的資料隱私法,使民眾受到保護,同時保留這些應用程式。文章也強調 TikTok 能協助年輕人組織行動、分享資源、學習並採取行動。


選項分析

(A) American people should stop running business on TikTok.

美國人民應該停止在 TikTok 上經營生意。

錯誤。文章只說有數千家小型企業使用 TikTok,若禁用 TikTok,這些企業可能受到傷害:

There are thousands of small business that are on TikTok, and many American families are going to be hurt as a result of this ban.

文中沒有建議人民停止在 TikTok 上做生意,反而指出禁止 TikTok 會造成負面影響。

(B) The American Congress should be responsible for the harm of TikTok.

美國國會應該為 TikTok 所造成的傷害負責。

錯誤。文章提到美國國會投票通過可能禁止 TikTok 的法案,但作者沒有主張國會應為 TikTok 的傷害負責。選項把文章提到的「國會通過法案」錯誤延伸成「國會應負責」。

此外,文章重點在於如何制定合理的社群媒體規範,不是追究國會責任。

(C) Regulations should be made to include all social media.

制定的規範應涵蓋所有社群媒體。

正確。此選項直接對應文章中的主張:

they should be regulating all the social media companies, not simply TikTok.

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第 36 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In the ever-evolving landscape of human civilization, literature has served as both a mirror reflecting our collective essence and a beacon guiding our exploration of the human experience. From the earliest cave paintings to the modern-day novels and poems that adorn bookstore shelves, literature has been a testament to our capacity for imagination, empathy, and introspection.

In recent years, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked new conversations about the intersection of technology and humanity. As AI continues to advance, some have questioned its impact on literature and the role it may play in shaping our understanding of what it means to be human.

At its core, literature has always been a reflection of the human condition, exploring themes of love, loss, identity, and belonging. It is through literature that we find solace in times of sorrow, inspiration in moments of doubt, and connection with others who share our joys and struggles. Yet, as AI technologies become increasingly sophisticated, there are those who wonder whether machines can truly capture the essence of human experience in the same way that human authors can.

While AI has shown remarkable abilities to generate text and even mimic the style of famous authors, there remains a fundamental difference between the output of a machine and the creative expression of a human mind. Literature is more than just words on a page; it is the product of lived experiences, emotions, and insights unique to each individual. It is the product of our humanity.

However, this is not to say that AI has no place in the realm of literature. In fact, AI has the potential to complement human creativity and expand the boundaries of what is possible in storytelling. By analyzing vast amounts of data and identifying patterns in language and narrative structure, AI algorithms can offer new perspectives and insights that may not have been apparent to human authors alone.

Ultimately, the future of literature lies at the intersection of AI and humanity, where technology and creativity converge to inspire, challenge, and enrich our understanding of the world and ourselves. As we continue to navigate this dynamic landscape, it is essential to remember that while AI may enhance our capabilities as storytellers, it is our humanity that gives literature its enduring power to illuminate the human experience in all its complexity and beauty.

Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned regarding “literature”?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是閱讀測驗中的「反向判斷題」,題目問哪一項沒有在文章中提及。解題重點不是判斷選項本身是否符合常識,而是逐一比對文章內容:

  • 文章明確提到的內容:選項可判定為正確。
  • 文章未提到,或選項加入文章沒有的強烈評價:即為答案。
  • 尤其要注意 mentioned 是「文章有提及」,不等於「讀者可以自行推論」。

本文核心討論文學與 AI 的關係,並主張文學雖可受到 AI 技術協助,但文學的深層力量仍來自人類經驗、情感與思想。


解題方法

先尋找各選項在文章中的對應語句,再判斷選項是否只是同義改寫。

文章中幾個重要定位句如下:

  1. 文學幫助人類理解自身經驗

“literature has served as both a mirror reflecting our collective essence and a beacon guiding our exploration of the human experience.”

文學既像一面映照人類共同本質的鏡子,也像一座引導我們探索人類經驗的燈塔。

  1. 文學展現人類的想像力與心智能力

“literature has been a testament to our capacity for imagination, empathy, and introspection.”

文學證明了人類具有想像、同理與自我反思的能力。

  1. 文學不只是紙上的文字

“Literature is more than just words on a page; it is the product of lived experiences, emotions, and insights unique to each individual.”

文學不只是紙面上的文字;它是每個人獨特生活經驗、情感與洞見的產物。

  1. 文章沒有說 AI 創作的文學作品毫無價值

“However, this is not to say that AI has no place in the realm of literature.”

然而,這並不表示 AI 在文學領域沒有一席之地。

“AI has the potential to complement human creativity and expand the boundaries of what is possible in storytelling.”

AI 有潛力補足人類的創造力,並拓展敘事可能性的界限。

因此,A 至 D 都能在文章中找到明確依據;E 則沒有獲得文章支持,且其語氣過度絕對。


關鍵單字與片語

  • ever-evolving:不斷演變的
  • landscape:領域、局勢
  • civilization:文明
  • literature:文學
  • mirror:鏡子;反映事物的媒介
  • collective essence:人類共同的本質
  • beacon:燈塔;指引
  • human experience:人類經驗
  • capacity:能力
  • imagination:想像力
  • empathy:同理心
  • introspection:內省、自我反思
  • advent:出現、問世
  • intersection:交會、交集
  • sophisticated:複雜精密的;先進的
  • capture the essence of:掌握……的本質
  • lived experiences:親身經歷
  • unique to:……所特有的
  • complement:補足、互補
  • identify patterns:辨認模式
  • apparent:明顯的、顯而易見的
  • converge:匯合、交會
  • enduring power:持久的力量
  • illuminate:闡明、照亮
  • in all its complexity and beauty:呈現其全部的複雜與美麗
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第 37 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In the ever-evolving landscape of human civilization, literature has served as both a mirror reflecting our collective essence and a beacon guiding our exploration of the human experience. From the earliest cave paintings to the modern-day novels and poems that adorn bookstore shelves, literature has been a testament to our capacity for imagination, empathy, and introspection.

In recent years, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked new conversations about the intersection of technology and humanity. As AI continues to advance, some have questioned its impact on literature and the role it may play in shaping our understanding of what it means to be human.

At its core, literature has always been a reflection of the human condition, exploring themes of love, loss, identity, and belonging. It is through literature that we find solace in times of sorrow, inspiration in moments of doubt, and connection with others who share our joys and struggles. Yet, as AI technologies become increasingly sophisticated, there are those who wonder whether machines can truly capture the essence of human experience in the same way that human authors can.

While AI has shown remarkable abilities to generate text and even mimic the style of famous authors, there remains a fundamental difference between the output of a machine and the creative expression of a human mind. Literature is more than just words on a page; it is the product of lived experiences, emotions, and insights unique to each individual. It is the product of our humanity.

However, this is not to say that AI has no place in the realm of literature. In fact, AI has the potential to complement human creativity and expand the boundaries of what is possible in storytelling. By analyzing vast amounts of data and identifying patterns in language and narrative structure, AI algorithms can offer new perspectives and insights that may not have been apparent to human authors alone.

Ultimately, the future of literature lies at the intersection of AI and humanity, where technology and creativity converge to inspire, challenge, and enrich our understanding of the world and ourselves. As we continue to navigate this dynamic landscape, it is essential to remember that while AI may enhance our capabilities as storytellers, it is our humanity that gives literature its enduring power to illuminate the human experience in all its complexity and beauty.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE about AI?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解,重點在於掌握文章對「人工智慧與文學創作關係」的主旨:

  • AI 能夠生成文字,甚至模仿知名作家的寫作風格。
  • AI 仍無法完全取代人類獨有的生活經驗、情感與洞察。
  • AI 可以輔助人類作者,拓展故事創作的可能性。

因此,正確選項應符合「AI 能協助人類作家」這項觀點。

關鍵單字與片語

  • ever-evolving:不斷演變的
  • landscape:局面;領域
  • civilization:文明
  • literature:文學
  • mirror:鏡子;反映事物的媒介
  • beacon:燈塔;指引
  • human experience:人類經驗
  • advent:出現;到來
  • intersection:交會;交集
  • humanity:人性;人類
  • sophisticated:精密的;先進的
  • generate text:生成文字
  • mimic the style of:模仿……的風格
  • creative expression:創意表達
  • lived experiences:親身經歷
  • complement:補充;輔助
  • expand the boundaries:拓展界限
  • vast amounts of data:大量資料
  • identify patterns:辨識模式
  • narrative structure:敘事結構
  • enhance:增強;提升
  • enduring power:持久的力量

定位答案的關鍵句

文章第五段明確指出:

“In fact, AI has the potential to complement human creativity and expand the boundaries of what is possible in storytelling.”

翻譯為:

「事實上,人工智慧有潛力補充人類的創意,並拓展故事敘述可能達到的界限。」

其中 complement human creativity 就是「協助、補充人類創造力」的意思,直接支持選項 (B)。

文章也提到:

“While AI has shown remarkable abilities to generate text and even mimic the style of famous authors…”

翻譯為:

「雖然人工智慧已展現出生成文字、甚至模仿著名作家風格的驚人能力……」

這句可直接判斷選項 (C) 錯誤,因為文章明確表示 AI 能模仿人類作者的寫作風格。

文法與語意重點

  1. While 引導讓步副詞子句

“While AI has shown remarkable abilities…, there remains a fundamental difference…”

此處 While 不是「當……的時候」,而是「雖然……但是……」,用來形成讓步對比:

  • 雖然 AI 能生成文字並模仿作家風格,
  • 但是機器輸出與人類心智的創意表達仍有根本差異。
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第 38 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In the ever-evolving landscape of human civilization, literature has served as both a mirror reflecting our collective essence and a beacon guiding our exploration of the human experience. From the earliest cave paintings to the modern-day novels and poems that adorn bookstore shelves, literature has been a testament to our capacity for imagination, empathy, and introspection.

In recent years, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked new conversations about the intersection of technology and humanity. As AI continues to advance, some have questioned its impact on literature and the role it may play in shaping our understanding of what it means to be human.

At its core, literature has always been a reflection of the human condition, exploring themes of love, loss, identity, and belonging. It is through literature that we find solace in times of sorrow, inspiration in moments of doubt, and connection with others who share our joys and struggles. Yet, as AI technologies become increasingly sophisticated, there are those who wonder whether machines can truly capture the essence of human experience in the same way that human authors can.

While AI has shown remarkable abilities to generate text and even mimic the style of famous authors, there remains a fundamental difference between the output of a machine and the creative expression of a human mind. Literature is more than just words on a page; it is the product of lived experiences, emotions, and insights unique to each individual. It is the product of our humanity.

However, this is not to say that AI has no place in the realm of literature. In fact, AI has the potential to complement human creativity and expand the boundaries of what is possible in storytelling. By analyzing vast amounts of data and identifying patterns in language and narrative structure, AI algorithms can offer new perspectives and insights that may not have been apparent to human authors alone.

Ultimately, the future of literature lies at the intersection of AI and humanity, where technology and creativity converge to inspire, challenge, and enrich our understanding of the world and ourselves. As we continue to navigate this dynamic landscape, it is essential to remember that while AI may enhance our capabilities as storytellers, it is our humanity that gives literature its enduring power to illuminate the human experience in all its complexity and beauty.

What is the main idea of the passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「閱讀測驗主旨判斷」。主旨題不是尋找文章中出現次數最多的單字,而是判斷作者對全文的核心立場。

本文先說明文學長期承載人類經驗,再討論人工智慧對文學的影響。作者承認 AI 無法完全取代人類作家的生命經驗與情感,但也強調 AI 能夠分析大量資料、提供新觀點,進而協助人類創作、拓展說故事的可能性。因此,全文對 AI 在文學領域的作用基本上採取「具有正面潛力,但不能取代人性」的觀點。

解題方法

主旨可由文章的轉折與結論判斷:

  • 前文:介紹文學與人類經驗的關係。
  • 中段:指出 AI 生成文字的能力,以及 AI 與人類創作之間的差異。
  • 關鍵轉折:However, this is not to say that AI has no place in the realm of literature.
    表示作者不認為 AI 完全不能參與文學。
  • 後文:具體說明 AI 能分析資料、辨識語言與敘事結構,為人類作者提供新的觀點。
  • 結論:AI 與人類合作,能夠「inspire, challenge, and enrich」人類對世界及自身的理解。

定位答案的關鍵句是:

In fact, AI has the potential to complement human creativity and expand the boundaries of what is possible in storytelling.

翻譯:事實上,AI 有潛力補充人類的創造力,並拓展說故事可能性的界限。

其中 complement human creativity 是「補充、輔助人類創造力」,並非取代人類創造力。這正是官方答案選擇 B 的依據。

另一個支持句是:

By analyzing vast amounts of data and identifying patterns in language and narrative structure, AI algorithms can offer new perspectives and insights that may not have been apparent to human authors alone.

翻譯:透過分析大量資料並辨識語言與敘事結構中的模式,AI 演算法能提供單靠人類作者可能無法察覺的新觀點與洞見。

語意與文法重點

1. complement

complement 作動詞,意為「補充、使更完整」,不同於 complete「完成」,也不同於 replace「取代」。

  • AI can complement human creativity.
    AI 能補充人類創造力。
  • 文中並未主張 AI 可以取代人類作者。

2. have the potential to + V

表示「有潛力做某事」。

  • AI has the potential to complement human creativity.
    AI 有潛力補充人類創造力。

3. By + V-ing

表示「藉由做某事」。

  • By analyzing vast amounts of data...
    藉由分析大量資料……

4. not to say that...

this is not to say that... 意為「這並不表示……」。此句承接前文 AI 與人類創作有根本差異的觀點,並進一步修正讀者可能產生的過度推論:AI 雖不能取代人類,仍然可以在文學領域發揮作用。

5. Ultimately

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第 39 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In the ever-evolving landscape of human civilization, literature has served as both a mirror reflecting our collective essence and a beacon guiding our exploration of the human experience. From the earliest cave paintings to the modern-day novels and poems that adorn bookstore shelves, literature has been a testament to our capacity for imagination, empathy, and introspection.

In recent years, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked new conversations about the intersection of technology and humanity. As AI continues to advance, some have questioned its impact on literature and the role it may play in shaping our understanding of what it means to be human.

At its core, literature has always been a reflection of the human condition, exploring themes of love, loss, identity, and belonging. It is through literature that we find solace in times of sorrow, inspiration in moments of doubt, and connection with others who share our joys and struggles. Yet, as AI technologies become increasingly sophisticated, there are those who wonder whether machines can truly capture the essence of human experience in the same way that human authors can.

While AI has shown remarkable abilities to generate text and even mimic the style of famous authors, there remains a fundamental difference between the output of a machine and the creative expression of a human mind. Literature is more than just words on a page; it is the product of lived experiences, emotions, and insights unique to each individual. It is the product of our humanity.

However, this is not to say that AI has no place in the realm of literature. In fact, AI has the potential to complement human creativity and expand the boundaries of what is possible in storytelling. By analyzing vast amounts of data and identifying patterns in language and narrative structure, AI algorithms can offer new perspectives and insights that may not have been apparent to human authors alone.

Ultimately, the future of literature lies at the intersection of AI and humanity, where technology and creativity converge to inspire, challenge, and enrich our understanding of the world and ourselves. As we continue to navigate this dynamic landscape, it is essential to remember that while AI may enhance our capabilities as storytellers, it is our humanity that gives literature its enduring power to illuminate the human experience in all its complexity and beauty.

What does the passage suggest about the future of literature?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨推論」與「作者對未來發展的態度」。

文章討論人工智慧(AI)對文學的影響,核心立場不是「AI 將取代人類」,而是認為:

  • 文學的深層價值來自人類的生活經驗、情感與洞察。
  • AI 能分析大量資料、辨識語言與敘事結構,進而協助人類創作。
  • 未來文學將是 AI 技術與人類創意相互結合的結果。

因此,正確答案必須同時包含「AI 技術」與「人類創造力」,並呈現合作、互補的關係。

關鍵單字與片語

  • ever-evolving:不斷演變的
  • landscape:局勢;環境;領域
  • civilization:文明
  • literature:文學
  • serve as:充當;作為
  • a mirror reflecting...:反映……的鏡子
  • a beacon guiding...:引導……的燈塔
  • collective essence:群體本質
  • human experience:人類經驗
  • advent:出現;到來
  • intersection:交會;交集
  • sophisticated:精密的;先進的
  • capture the essence of...:掌握……的本質
  • creative expression:創造性的表達
  • lived experiences:親身經歷
  • complement:補充;互補
  • expand the boundaries:拓展界限
  • identify patterns:辨識模式
  • narrative structure:敘事結構
  • converge:匯聚;交會
  • enduring power:持久的力量
  • illuminate:闡明;照亮
  • in all its complexity and beauty:呈現其全部的複雜與美麗

解題方法

題目問:

What does the passage suggest about the future of literature?
這篇文章暗示文學的未來將如何發展?

作答時應優先尋找文章結尾的總結句,因為作者通常會在結尾明確表達全文主旨。定位答案的關鍵原文是:

Ultimately, the future of literature lies at the intersection of AI and humanity, where technology and creativity converge to inspire, challenge, and enrich our understanding of the world and ourselves.

翻譯:

總而言之,文學的未來在於人工智慧與人類的交會之處;在那裡,科技與創意匯聚,共同啟發、挑戰並深化我們對世界以及自身的理解。

其中:

  • lies at the intersection of AI and humanity
    表示文學的未來位於 AI 與人類的交會點。
  • technology and creativity converge
    表示科技與創造力匯聚、合作。
  • inspire, challenge, and enrich
    顯示 AI 的作用是協助豐富文學,而非消滅文學或完全取代人類。

這與選項 (C) Human creativity and AI technology will collaborate in storytelling. 完全一致。

選項分析

(A) Literature will become dominated by AI-generated content.

文學將由 AI 生成的內容主導。

錯誤。文章沒有表示 AI 會主宰文學。相反地,作者強調 AI 只是協助人類創作的工具,並指出:

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第 40 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In the ever-evolving landscape of human civilization, literature has served as both a mirror reflecting our collective essence and a beacon guiding our exploration of the human experience. From the earliest cave paintings to the modern-day novels and poems that adorn bookstore shelves, literature has been a testament to our capacity for imagination, empathy, and introspection.

In recent years, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked new conversations about the intersection of technology and humanity. As AI continues to advance, some have questioned its impact on literature and the role it may play in shaping our understanding of what it means to be human.

At its core, literature has always been a reflection of the human condition, exploring themes of love, loss, identity, and belonging. It is through literature that we find solace in times of sorrow, inspiration in moments of doubt, and connection with others who share our joys and struggles. Yet, as AI technologies become increasingly sophisticated, there are those who wonder whether machines can truly capture the essence of human experience in the same way that human authors can.

While AI has shown remarkable abilities to generate text and even mimic the style of famous authors, there remains a fundamental difference between the output of a machine and the creative expression of a human mind. Literature is more than just words on a page; it is the product of lived experiences, emotions, and insights unique to each individual. It is the product of our humanity.

However, this is not to say that AI has no place in the realm of literature. In fact, AI has the potential to complement human creativity and expand the boundaries of what is possible in storytelling. By analyzing vast amounts of data and identifying patterns in language and narrative structure, AI algorithms can offer new perspectives and insights that may not have been apparent to human authors alone.

Ultimately, the future of literature lies at the intersection of AI and humanity, where technology and creativity converge to inspire, challenge, and enrich our understanding of the world and ourselves. As we continue to navigate this dynamic landscape, it is essential to remember that while AI may enhance our capabilities as storytellers, it is our humanity that gives literature its enduring power to illuminate the human experience in all its complexity and beauty.

What does the word “complement” mean in the passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考字義判斷,關鍵字是 complement。在本文中,complement 作動詞,意為「補足、互相搭配,使……更完整或更好」。

必須注意:

  • complement:補足;與……相得益彰
  • compliment:稱讚;恭維

本題的語境是:AI 雖然無法取代人類文學創作,但可以協助人類、延伸故事創作的可能性。因此 complement human creativity 是「與人類創意互相搭配、補足人類創意」,答案為 (E)。

解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句為:

In fact, AI has the potential to complement human creativity and expand the boundaries of what is possible in storytelling.

翻譯:

事實上,人工智慧有潛力與人類創意相互補足,並拓展故事創作的可能範圍。

句中結構為:

  • AI:主詞
  • has the potential to:有……的潛力
  • complement human creativity:補足、搭配人類創意
  • and expand...:並拓展……

後文進一步說明 AI 能夠分析大量資料、找出語言與敘事結構的模式,為人類作者提供新的觀點與洞見。這表示 AI 的角色是「協助並增強」人類創作,而非與人類競爭、消滅或否定人類創意。

因此,complement 應解釋為「與……相輔相成、結合得很好」。

關鍵單字與片語

  • ever-evolving:不斷演變的
  • landscape:局勢;領域;環境
  • civilization:文明
  • reflect:反映
  • collective essence:集體本質
  • beacon:燈塔;指引
  • human experience:人類經驗
  • advent of AI:人工智慧的出現
  • intersection of technology and humanity:科技與人性的交會
  • at its core:就其核心而言
  • human condition:人類處境
  • solace:慰藉
  • introspection:內省
  • sophisticated:精密的;
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第 41 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Volcanic eruptions can wreak havoc, but some regions are more vulnerable than others. Indonesia has the most active volcanoes and the highest death tolls due to the prevalence of violent composite volcanoes like Mount Marapi, which killed 23 in late 2022. Composite volcanoes spew thick lava that hardens rapidly, creating steep, cone-shaped mountains prone to explosive eruptions. In contrast, shield volcanoes like those in Iceland produce fluid lava that flows farther, forming gentle slopes. This makes eruptions less catastrophic. - [1] -

Still, Iceland is not immune to volcanic impacts. When the Laki fissure erupted in 1783-84, the resulting pollution and famine killed over 20% of Iceland's population. Today, Iceland utilizes technology to monitor volcanoes and warn residents of impending eruptions. - [2] - Seismometers detect tremors signaling magma movement while satellites measure landscape changes. While these systems facilitated evacuation prior to the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption near Reykjavik, avoiding loss of life, the eruption still forced hundreds of residents to move away from their homes. - [3] -

For communities living near volcanoes, establishing robust early warning systems and evacuation plans is crucial to reduce risk, as in Iceland. - [4] - Even when no lives are lost, longtime residents lament the destruction of their homes and way of life, as Grindavik native Siggeir experienced after the 1973 Eldfell eruption on Heimaey Island. Ultimately, while warning systems help communities physically survive eruptions, emotional and communal impacts still take a toll. - [5] -

What is the best title for this passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「閱讀測驗主旨判斷」與「文章標題選擇」。標題必須同時涵蓋:

  1. 文章的主要對象:火山爆發(volcanic eruptions)。
  2. 文章的主要影響:身體、生命與居住環境的損失,以及心理與社群層面的傷害。
  3. 文章的整體範圍:不只談印尼,也不只談冰島的火山事件,而是以印尼與冰島為例,說明火山災害的多重代價。

判斷標題時,應選擇能概括全文,而非只對應某一段或某一個細節的選項。

文章主旨與定位句

全文先比較兩類火山:

  • composite volcanoes(複式火山):熔岩濃稠、容易形成爆炸性噴發,災情較嚴重。
  • shield volcanoes(盾狀火山):熔岩流動性高、流得較遠,形成平緩坡面,爆發通常較不具災難性。

接著文章指出,即使冰島的火山多屬較不具爆炸性的類型,仍會造成重大生命、居住與社會影響。最能直接概括全文的句子是:

“Ultimately, while warning systems help communities physically survive eruptions, emotional and communal impacts still take a toll.”

翻譯:
「總而言之,雖然警報系統能幫助社區在火山爆發中保全生命與身體安全,但情感與社群層面的影響仍然會造成傷害。」

其中:

  • physically survive:在身體或生命層面存活下來
  • emotional impacts:情感、心理上的影響
  • communal impacts:社群、共同體層面的影響
  • take a toll:造成損失或傷害,付出代價

這句明確呈現文章的雙重主軸:火山爆發造成的「實質/身體傷害」與「情感/社群傷害」,正好對應選項 A 的 physical and emotional toll。

解題方法

可採用「首尾呼應+全文涵蓋範圍」判斷法:

  1. 開頭提出火山爆發會造成嚴重破壞:

“Volcanic eruptions can wreak havoc”
意為「火山爆發可能造成巨大破壞」。

  1. 中段說明監測科技與撤離措施可以降低死亡風險,但居民仍會失去家園:

“the eruption still forced hundreds of residents to move away from their homes”
意為「這次爆發仍迫使數百名居民離開家園」。

  1. 結尾進一步指出,即使沒有生命損失,居民仍會哀嘆家園與生活方式的毀滅:

“Even when no lives are lost, longtime residents lament the destruction of their homes and way of life”
意為「即使沒有任何人喪生,長期居住於此的居民仍會哀嘆家園與生活方式遭到摧毀」。

  1. 最後總結身體層面與情感、社群層面的雙重代價。

因此,標題必須同時包含「火山爆發」以及「身體與情感上的損失」。A 完整符合。

選項分析

(A) The Physical and Emotional Toll of Volcanic Eruptions

意為「火山爆發在身體與情感層面造成的代價」。

此選項正確。文章討論火山爆發造成的死亡、撤離、家園毀壞等 physical toll,也討論居民對家園與生活方式消失的哀傷,以及 communal impacts。因此它完整涵蓋全文主旨。

(B) Volcanic Tourism Hotspots Around the World

意為「世界各地的火山旅遊熱門地點」。

此選項錯誤。文章沒有介紹觀光景點、旅遊活動、遊客數量或旅遊價值;Indonesia 與 Iceland 只是用來比較火山類型及災害影響,並非旅遊地點介紹。

(C) The Economic Benefits of Volcanic Activity

意為「火山活動的經濟利益」。

此選項錯誤。全文重點是火山爆發造成的災害與損失,包括死亡、污染、饑荒、撤離、房屋毀壞及生活方式消失,沒有討論火山對農業、觀光、能源或經濟發展的好處。

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第 42 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Volcanic eruptions can wreak havoc, but some regions are more vulnerable than others. Indonesia has the most active volcanoes and the highest death tolls due to the prevalence of violent composite volcanoes like Mount Marapi, which killed 23 in late 2022. Composite volcanoes spew thick lava that hardens rapidly, creating steep, cone-shaped mountains prone to explosive eruptions. In contrast, shield volcanoes like those in Iceland produce fluid lava that flows farther, forming gentle slopes. This makes eruptions less catastrophic. - [1] -

Still, Iceland is not immune to volcanic impacts. When the Laki fissure erupted in 1783-84, the resulting pollution and famine killed over 20% of Iceland's population. Today, Iceland utilizes technology to monitor volcanoes and warn residents of impending eruptions. - [2] - Seismometers detect tremors signaling magma movement while satellites measure landscape changes. While these systems facilitated evacuation prior to the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption near Reykjavik, avoiding loss of life, the eruption still forced hundreds of residents to move away from their homes. - [3] -

For communities living near volcanoes, establishing robust early warning systems and evacuation plans is crucial to reduce risk, as in Iceland. - [4] - Even when no lives are lost, longtime residents lament the destruction of their homes and way of life, as Grindavik native Siggeir experienced after the 1973 Eldfell eruption on Heimaey Island. Ultimately, while warning systems help communities physically survive eruptions, emotional and communal impacts still take a toll. - [5] -

To which of the positions marked [1], [2], [3], [4], and [5] does the following sentence best belong?

“However, technology cannot eliminate emotional and cultural losses.”

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「段落銜接與語意連貫」,判斷句子應放在哪個位置,必須觀察:

  1. 前後文的主題是否一致。
  2. 轉折詞 However 是否有明確的對比對象。
  3. 代名詞或抽象概念是否能承接前文。
  4. 插入後,段落論述是否形成完整邏輯。

題目句子為:

“However, technology cannot eliminate emotional and cultural losses.”

意思是:「然而,科技無法消除情感與文化上的損失。」

其中 However 表示轉折,前文應先提到科技或預警系統能降低災害造成的傷亡;後文則應進一步說明,即使保住生命,居民仍可能遭受家園、生活方式與文化方面的損失。


解題方法

文章的論述順序如下:

  1. 不同類型火山的危險程度不同。
  2. 冰島雖然火山爆發較不具破壞性,歷史上仍曾造成重大傷亡。
  3. 現代冰島利用科技監測火山、協助疏散居民。
  4. 預警系統雖能保護生命,卻無法消除居民在情感與文化層面的損失。
  5. 居民失去家園與原有生活方式,說明火山災害不只有生理上的危險,也有心理與社群層面的衝擊。

因此,題目句應放在:

“For communities living near volcanoes, establishing robust early warning systems and evacuation plans is crucial to reduce risk, as in Iceland. - [4] - Even when no lives are lost, longtime residents lament the destruction of their homes and way of life…”

翻譯為:

「對居住在火山附近的社區而言,建立完善的預警系統與疏散計畫,對降低風險至關重要,冰島就是一個例子。即使沒有任何人喪生,長期居住的居民仍會哀嘆家園與生活方式遭到摧毀……」

插入後形成:

“For communities living near volcanoes, establishing robust early warning systems and evacuation plans is crucial to reduce risk, as in Iceland. However, technology cannot eliminate emotional and cultural losses. Even when no lives are lost, longtime residents lament the destruction of their homes and way of life…”

整體邏輯是:

科技與預警系統可以降低人員傷亡
→\rightarrow 然而科技無法消除情感與文化損失
→\rightarrow 即使無人死亡,居民仍會失去家園與生活方式

這是最完整、最自然的轉折關係。


選項分析

(A) [1]

[1] 前文說明複合火山與盾狀火山的差異,重點在於熔岩流動方式、山體形狀及爆發破壞力:

“This makes eruptions less catastrophic.”

意思是:「這使火山爆發的災情較不嚴重。」

若插入題目句,會變成先談火山地質特徵,突然轉到「科技無法消除情感與文化損失」,但前文尚未提到科技,也尚未討論居民的情感或文化損失,缺乏銜接。因此錯誤。

(B) [2]

[2] 前文提到現代冰島利用科技監測火山並警告居民:

“Today, Iceland utilizes technology to monitor volcanoes and warn residents of impending eruptions.”

後文接著具體說明科技工具:

“Seismometers detect tremors signaling magma movement while satellites measure landscape changes.”

意思是:「地震儀偵測表示岩漿移動的震動,而衛星測量地表變化。」

[2] 最適合接續科技如何運作的說明。若插入題目句,會先說科技無法消除情感與文化損失,接著又回頭介紹地震儀與衛星的功能,論述順序不順,且「emotional and cultural losses」尚未在文章中出現明確對應。因此錯誤。

(C) [3]

[3] 前文說明科技成功協助 2021 年火山爆發前疏散居民:

“While these systems facilitated evacuation prior to the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption near Reykjavik, avoiding loss of life…”

意思是:「雖然這些系統協助居民在 2021 年雷克雅維克附近的法格拉達爾火山爆發前撤離,避免了人員死亡……」

後文則說:

“…the eruption still forced hundreds of residents to move away from their homes.”

意思是:「這場爆發仍迫使數百名居民離開家園。」

這裡的重點已經是「雖然避免人員死亡,但居民仍被迫離家」,本身具有讓步與轉折關係。題目句若放在 [3],會與原有的 While 和 still 造成連續重複轉折,也會使下一段重新談「建立預警系統」時出現主題倒退。因此不是最佳位置。

(D) [4]

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第 43 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Volcanic eruptions can wreak havoc, but some regions are more vulnerable than others. Indonesia has the most active volcanoes and the highest death tolls due to the prevalence of violent composite volcanoes like Mount Marapi, which killed 23 in late 2022. Composite volcanoes spew thick lava that hardens rapidly, creating steep, cone-shaped mountains prone to explosive eruptions. In contrast, shield volcanoes like those in Iceland produce fluid lava that flows farther, forming gentle slopes. This makes eruptions less catastrophic. - [1] -

Still, Iceland is not immune to volcanic impacts. When the Laki fissure erupted in 1783-84, the resulting pollution and famine killed over 20% of Iceland's population. Today, Iceland utilizes technology to monitor volcanoes and warn residents of impending eruptions. - [2] - Seismometers detect tremors signaling magma movement while satellites measure landscape changes. While these systems facilitated evacuation prior to the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption near Reykjavik, avoiding loss of life, the eruption still forced hundreds of residents to move away from their homes. - [3] -

For communities living near volcanoes, establishing robust early warning systems and evacuation plans is crucial to reduce risk, as in Iceland. - [4] - Even when no lives are lost, longtime residents lament the destruction of their homes and way of life, as Grindavik native Siggeir experienced after the 1973 Eldfell eruption on Heimaey Island. Ultimately, while warning systems help communities physically survive eruptions, emotional and communal impacts still take a toll. - [5] -

What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文片語與上下文語意判讀。畫線句為:

Volcanic eruptions can wreak havoc.
火山爆發可能造成廣泛的破壞與災害。

其中:

  • volcanic eruption:火山爆發
  • can:可能、能夠
  • wreak havoc:造成大規模破壞、帶來嚴重災害

wreak havoc 是固定片語,wreakwreak 表示「造成、施加」,havochavoc 表示「大混亂、嚴重破壞」。因此整句的重點是「火山爆發會造成廣泛破壞」,並非具體描述火山爆發的形式或某一種次生災害。

解題方法

先抓住畫線句中的核心片語 wreak havoc,將其直接轉換為「造成大規模破壞」。再以文章內容確認:

  • 印尼的複式火山曾造成大量死亡。
  • 冰島的火山爆發曾引發污染與饑荒。
  • 火山活動也可能迫使居民撤離、失去家園與原有生活方式。

這些例子都支持「火山爆發會造成廣泛破壞」這個概括性意思,因此選擇與其語意最直接相符的選項。

關鍵單字與片語

  • wreak havoc:造成嚴重破壞、帶來大災害
  • vulnerable:脆弱的、容易受傷害的
  • prevalence:普遍、盛行
  • composite volcano:複式火山
  • shield volcano:盾狀火山
  • spew:噴出、吐出
  • fluid lava:流動性高的熔岩
  • catastrophic:災難性的
  • pollution:污染
  • famine:饑荒
  • impending eruption:即將發生的火山爆發
  • evacuation:撤離、疏散
  • take a toll:造成損失、帶來傷害

文法與語意重點

句型為:

Subject+can+verb+object\text{Subject}+\text{can}+\text{verb}+\text{object}

cancan 在此表示「可能會」,不是單純的能力。wreakwreak 是動詞,havochavoc 是受詞,兩者合起來形成固定搭配 wreak havoc。

本句沒有指出破壞的特定對象、成因或形式,而是以概括方式說明火山爆發的危害,因此正確選項也應維持相同的概括層次。

選項分析

(A) Volcanic eruptions can reshape landscapes, alter ecosystems, and impact global climate.
火山爆發可能重塑地形、改變生態系統,並影響全球氣候。

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第 44 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Volcanic eruptions can wreak havoc, but some regions are more vulnerable than others. Indonesia has the most active volcanoes and the highest death tolls due to the prevalence of violent composite volcanoes like Mount Marapi, which killed 23 in late 2022. Composite volcanoes spew thick lava that hardens rapidly, creating steep, cone-shaped mountains prone to explosive eruptions. In contrast, shield volcanoes like those in Iceland produce fluid lava that flows farther, forming gentle slopes. This makes eruptions less catastrophic. - [1] -

Still, Iceland is not immune to volcanic impacts. When the Laki fissure erupted in 1783-84, the resulting pollution and famine killed over 20% of Iceland's population. Today, Iceland utilizes technology to monitor volcanoes and warn residents of impending eruptions. - [2] - Seismometers detect tremors signaling magma movement while satellites measure landscape changes. While these systems facilitated evacuation prior to the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption near Reykjavik, avoiding loss of life, the eruption still forced hundreds of residents to move away from their homes. - [3] -

For communities living near volcanoes, establishing robust early warning systems and evacuation plans is crucial to reduce risk, as in Iceland. - [4] - Even when no lives are lost, longtime residents lament the destruction of their homes and way of life, as Grindavik native Siggeir experienced after the 1973 Eldfell eruption on Heimaey Island. Ultimately, while warning systems help communities physically survive eruptions, emotional and communal impacts still take a toll. - [5] -

What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「段落主旨判斷」。判斷主旨時,須掌握:

  1. 段落首句通常提出主題。
  2. 後文多為例證、細節或補充說明。
  3. 正確選項應涵蓋整段內容,不可只抓住單一細節。
  4. 要注意轉折語,如 Still、While,它們常提示作者真正要強調的重點。

第二段的結構如下:

  • Still, Iceland is not immune to volcanic impacts.
    提出主旨:冰島仍無法免於火山活動的影響。
  • Laki fissure eruption 造成污染與饑荒,導致大量人口死亡。
  • 現代冰島利用科技監測火山與警告居民。
  • 2021 年雖成功疏散居民、避免人員死亡,但仍有人被迫離開家園。

因此,本段重點是:冰島雖採取預防與減災措施,仍然容易受到火山活動的危害。


解題方法

先定位第二段的主旨句:

Still, Iceland is not immune to volcanic impacts.
然而,冰島並非不受火山活動影響。

其中:

  • Still:然而、不過,表示與前文形成轉折。
  • be immune to:不受……影響;對……免疫。
  • volcanic impacts:火山活動所造成的影響。

接著觀察後文。文章先舉出 1783–84 年 Laki 裂隙噴發造成污染、饑荒及人口死亡,再說明冰島現代雖使用地震儀與衛星等科技,也成功在 2021 年協助疏散居民,但仍有人必須離開家園。

因此,段落的邏輯是:

採取減災措施≠完全免除火山風險\text{採取減災措施} \neq \text{完全免除火山風險}

這正好對應選項 (A)。


關鍵單字與片語

  • immune to:不受……影響;對……免疫
  • volcanic impacts:火山影響、火山災害
  • fissure:裂隙、裂縫
  • erupt:爆發、噴發
  • pollution:污染
  • famine:饑荒
  • utilize:利用、使用
  • monitor:監測
  • impending:即將發生的
  • seismometer:地震儀
  • tremor:震動、震顫
  • magma movement:岩漿移動
  • satellite:衛星
  • landscape changes:地貌變化
  • facilitate:促成、協助
  • evacuation:疏散、撤離
  • avoid loss of life:避免人員傷亡
  • force someone to move away:迫使某人離開

文法與語意重點

  1. be immune to + 名詞

例句:

Iceland is not immune to volcanic impacts.

意思是「冰島仍會受到火山活動的影響」。not immune to 並非「完全沒有危險」,而是表示「無法完全避免影響」。

  1. while 的讓步與對比用法

While these systems facilitated evacuation ..., the eruption still forced hundreds of residents to move away from their homes.

此處 While 表示「雖然」,形成對比:

  • 監測系統成功協助疏散,避免人員死亡;
  • 但火山爆發仍迫使數百名居民離開家園。

這種「雖然有預防措施,但問題仍存在」的結構,正是第二段的核心語意。


選項分析

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第 45 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Volcanic eruptions can wreak havoc, but some regions are more vulnerable than others. Indonesia has the most active volcanoes and the highest death tolls due to the prevalence of violent composite volcanoes like Mount Marapi, which killed 23 in late 2022. Composite volcanoes spew thick lava that hardens rapidly, creating steep, cone-shaped mountains prone to explosive eruptions. In contrast, shield volcanoes like those in Iceland produce fluid lava that flows farther, forming gentle slopes. This makes eruptions less catastrophic. - [1] -

Still, Iceland is not immune to volcanic impacts. When the Laki fissure erupted in 1783-84, the resulting pollution and famine killed over 20% of Iceland's population. Today, Iceland utilizes technology to monitor volcanoes and warn residents of impending eruptions. - [2] - Seismometers detect tremors signaling magma movement while satellites measure landscape changes. While these systems facilitated evacuation prior to the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption near Reykjavik, avoiding loss of life, the eruption still forced hundreds of residents to move away from their homes. - [3] -

For communities living near volcanoes, establishing robust early warning systems and evacuation plans is crucial to reduce risk, as in Iceland. - [4] - Even when no lives are lost, longtime residents lament the destruction of their homes and way of life, as Grindavik native Siggeir experienced after the 1973 Eldfell eruption on Heimaey Island. Ultimately, while warning systems help communities physically survive eruptions, emotional and communal impacts still take a toll. - [5] -

What does the passage tell us about the warning systems?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考閱讀理解中的「主旨定位」與「代名詞、語意對應」。關鍵在於辨認 warning systems(警報/預警系統)能解決哪些問題,以及其功能限制。

文章指出,預警系統可以:

  • 透過地震儀偵測火山活動。
  • 透過衛星觀察地形變化。
  • 在火山爆發前協助居民撤離,降低人員傷亡。

但預警系統主要只能協助居民「生理上、安全上」避難,無法完全消除房屋摧毀、生活方式改變,以及社區情感受創等影響。

解題方法

先找出文章直接總結 warning systems 功能與限制的句子:

“Ultimately, while warning systems help communities physically survive eruptions, emotional and communal impacts still take a toll.”

翻譯為:

「總而言之,雖然預警系統能幫助社區在火山爆發中保全生命,但情感與社區層面的影響仍然造成傷害。」

句中的 while A, B 表示「雖然 A,但是 B」,形成對比:

  • warning systems help communities physically survive eruptions:預警系統有助於居民在身體與生命安全上存活。
  • emotional and communal impacts still take a toll:情感與社區層面的損失仍然存在。

因此,正確理解是:預警系統雖能降低生命危險,卻無法完全處理火山災害帶來的情緒與社區影響。

關鍵單字與片語

  • warning system:預警系統、警報系統
  • early warning system:早期預警系統
  • evacuation plan:疏散計畫
  • monitor:監測
  • seismometer:地震儀
  • tremor:震動、微震
  • magma movement:岩漿移動
  • impending eruption:即將發生的火山爆發
  • facilitate:促成、協助
  • evacuation:撤離、疏散
  • physically survive:在身體或生命安全上存活
  • emotional impact:情感上的影響
  • communal impact:社區層面的影響
  • take a toll:造成傷害、帶來損失
  • lament:哀嘆、悲嘆
  • destruction:毀壞
  • way of life:生活方式

選項分析

(A) They do not reduce the impacts of shield volcanic eruptions.
「它們無法降低盾狀火山爆發的影響。」

錯誤。文章提到冰島的火山多為 shield volcanoes,雖然爆發通常較不具災難性,但冰島仍使用科技監測火山並發布警告。2021 年 Fagradalsfjall 火山爆發前,預警系統協助居民撤離,避免人員死亡,顯示預警系統確實能降低部分影響。

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第 46 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Knowing how to steer a conversation and gain the other party’s attention is an important skill required to become a negotiator. Negotiation is all about understanding the other side, identifying things of emotional value for each party, and trying to create a win-win situation by offering the least concessions.

This is why it has been observed that the power to negotiate is rarely one-sided, though this tends to deviate as the discussions progress. In any negotiation, it’s crucial to navigate key points strategically, ensuring your perspective is fulfilled rather than concluding the discussion in a one-sided manner. It is important to provide mutual respect and incorporate feedback in a negotiation.

Imagine the scenario. When negotiating for the beach house instead of the lake house from your parents, acknowledge their emotional ties to the beach house while emphasizing the value of the lake house. Consider their perspective, prioritizing their sentiment due to your emotional bond. Contrastingly, with a dealership, leverage your excellent credit history and existing car ownership to negotiate a better deal. Perhaps request additional benefits like free coatings and maintenance. Similarly, in negotiations, identify the other party's pain points and address them. For instance, as a real estate investor, understand a seller facing foreclosure and propose solutions like assuming their mortgage while transferring property ownership. This resolves their financial stress, benefiting both parties. Through such negotiations, you can acquire property without a down payment, fostering a win-win outcome. Negotiation, therefore, is a skill that is essential to be understood and utilized in every aspect of your life.

The important aspect of negotiation remains the same; each side has something unique to offer, against which a certain level of control and pressure is exerted. At the end of the day, a skill, product, or service is required, and the balance in the negotiation continues to shift throughout the negotiation process.

What is the main idea of this passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀測驗中的「主旨判斷」。判斷主旨時,不能只抓到文章中的單一細節,而要找出能涵蓋全文主要內容的概括句。

文章開頭直接指出:

Knowing how to steer a conversation and gain the other party’s attention is an important skill required to become a negotiator.
知道如何引導對話並取得對方的注意,是成為協商者所需的重要技巧。

後文則以父母選房、向車商議價、房地產投資等例子,說明協商者如何掌握對話、理解對方需求、運用自身優勢,並透過策略達成互利結果。因此,全文主旨是:成功的協商者必須具備引導對話及掌握談判方向的能力。


解題方法

先找文章的「總說句」,再觀察後文是否圍繞該概念展開。

本文第一段即提出核心:

Knowing how to steer a conversation and gain the other party’s attention is an important skill required to become a negotiator.

後文內容包括:

  • 理解對方立場與情感需求;
  • 在協商過程中策略性地掌握重點;
  • 尊重對方並納入回饋;
  • 找出對方的弱點或需求;
  • 利用自身條件爭取更好的交易;
  • 透過溝通創造 win-win situation。

這些都屬於「協商者如何引導談話、掌握談判局勢」的具體表現,而非只集中討論某一項技巧。

因此,最能概括全文的是 (A)。


定位答案的關鍵句

Knowing how to steer a conversation and gain the other party’s attention is an important skill required to become a negotiator.

句中:

  • steer a conversation:引導對話、掌握談話方向
  • gain the other party’s attention:取得對方的注意
  • an important skill required to become a negotiator:成為協商者所需的重要技巧

這句與選項 (A) 的 leading a conversation 意義相近,都是指在協商中引導談話、掌握溝通方向。

文章結尾也再次強調協商過程中的主導與控制:

The important aspect of negotiation remains the same; each side has something unique to offer, against which a certain level of control and pressure is exerted.
協商的重要面向始終不變:雙方各自擁有獨特的條件,並在協商中施加一定程度的控制與壓力。

這進一步支持「協商者需要掌握對話與談判方向」的主旨。


選項分析

(A) A successful negotiator should be equipped with skills of leading a conversation.

成功的協商者應具備引導對話的技巧。

正確。

此選項呼應文章第一句的 steer a conversation,也是全文各個例子的共同核心。無論是說服父母選擇湖邊房屋、向車商爭取額外服務,或替面臨法拍的屋主提出解決方案,都需要協商者掌握談話方向、理解對方需求,並提出有利於雙方的方案。

equipped with 表示「具備、裝備有」;
skills of leading a conversation 表示「引導對話的技巧」。


(B) The deviation in a conversation leads to the failure of negotiations.

對話方向的偏離會導致協商失敗。

錯誤。

文章中的 deviate 是指協商雙方的權力或主導程度會隨討論進展而改變:

the power to negotiate is rarely one-sided, though this tends to deviate as the discussions progress.

這裡不是說「對話偏離會導致協商失敗」,而是表示談判過程中的主導權可能發生變化。文章整體也沒有討論協商失敗的原因,反而強調如何透過策略、尊重與互利方案促成成功協商。


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第 47 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Knowing how to steer a conversation and gain the other party’s attention is an important skill required to become a negotiator. Negotiation is all about understanding the other side, identifying things of emotional value for each party, and trying to create a win-win situation by offering the least concessions.

This is why it has been observed that the power to negotiate is rarely one-sided, though this tends to deviate as the discussions progress. In any negotiation, it’s crucial to navigate key points strategically, ensuring your perspective is fulfilled rather than concluding the discussion in a one-sided manner. It is important to provide mutual respect and incorporate feedback in a negotiation.

Imagine the scenario. When negotiating for the beach house instead of the lake house from your parents, acknowledge their emotional ties to the beach house while emphasizing the value of the lake house. Consider their perspective, prioritizing their sentiment due to your emotional bond. Contrastingly, with a dealership, leverage your excellent credit history and existing car ownership to negotiate a better deal. Perhaps request additional benefits like free coatings and maintenance. Similarly, in negotiations, identify the other party's pain points and address them. For instance, as a real estate investor, understand a seller facing foreclosure and propose solutions like assuming their mortgage while transferring property ownership. This resolves their financial stress, benefiting both parties. Through such negotiations, you can acquire property without a down payment, fostering a win-win outcome. Negotiation, therefore, is a skill that is essential to be understood and utilized in every aspect of your life.

The important aspect of negotiation remains the same; each side has something unique to offer, against which a certain level of control and pressure is exerted. At the end of the day, a skill, product, or service is required, and the balance in the negotiation continues to shift throughout the negotiation process.

In the scenario described with negotiating for a beach house, what does the passage suggest?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為閱讀理解題,考查考生能否:

  1. 根據題幹中的具體事例判斷作者主旨。
  2. 分辨 empathy(同理心) 與 emotional manipulation(情緒操弄) 的差異。
  3. 判斷談判中「理解對方情感」與「提出合理論點」如何同時運用。

文章主張有效談判必須理解對方、尊重對方,並找出能讓雙方受益的方案。在海邊房屋與湖邊房屋的例子中,談判者不只訴諸情感,也要說明湖邊房屋的實際價值,因此是「同理對方,再以理性理由說服對方」。


解題方法

題目問:

In the scenario described with negotiating for a beach house, what does the passage suggest?

關鍵在於回到第三段的海邊房屋例子,尋找作者明確提出的談判策略:

“When negotiating for the beach house instead of the lake house from your parents, acknowledge their emotional ties to the beach house while emphasizing the value of the lake house.”

翻譯:

當你向父母協商,希望選擇海邊房屋而不是湖邊房屋時,應承認他們對海邊房屋的情感連結,同時強調湖邊房屋的價值。

這句話包含兩個層面:

  • acknowledge their emotional ties:理解並尊重父母對海邊房屋的情感。
  • emphasizing the value of the lake house:提出湖邊房屋具有的實際價值與理性理由。

因此,正確答案必須同時涵蓋「同理情感」與「理性說服」,即選項 (B)。


關鍵單字與片語

  • steer a conversation:引導談話方向
  • gain the other party’s attention:取得對方的注意
  • negotiator:談判者
  • identify:辨認、找出
  • emotional value:情感價值
  • win-win situation:雙贏局面
  • concession:讓步、妥協
  • one-sided:單方面的
  • mutual respect:相互尊重
  • incorporate feedback:納入回饋
  • emotional ties:情感連結
  • emphasize:強調
  • perspective:觀點、立場
  • prioritize:優先考量
  • sentiment:情感、情緒
  • contrastingly:相較之下、相反地
  • leverage:善用、利用某項優勢
  • dealership:汽車經銷商
  • credit history:信用紀錄
  • existing car ownership:既有的汽車持有狀況
  • pain points:痛點、最迫切的問題
  • foreclosure:止贖、房屋遭法拍
  • assume a mortgage:承接房屋貸款
  • transfer property ownership:移轉房屋所有權
  • foster:促成、培養

文法與語意重點

1. while 表示同時進行或對照

原文:

“acknowledge their emotional ties to the beach house while emphasizing the value of the lake house”

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第 48 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Knowing how to steer a conversation and gain the other party’s attention is an important skill required to become a negotiator. Negotiation is all about understanding the other side, identifying things of emotional value for each party, and trying to create a win-win situation by offering the least concessions.

This is why it has been observed that the power to negotiate is rarely one-sided, though this tends to deviate as the discussions progress. In any negotiation, it’s crucial to navigate key points strategically, ensuring your perspective is fulfilled rather than concluding the discussion in a one-sided manner. It is important to provide mutual respect and incorporate feedback in a negotiation.

Imagine the scenario. When negotiating for the beach house instead of the lake house from your parents, acknowledge their emotional ties to the beach house while emphasizing the value of the lake house. Consider their perspective, prioritizing their sentiment due to your emotional bond. Contrastingly, with a dealership, leverage your excellent credit history and existing car ownership to negotiate a better deal. Perhaps request additional benefits like free coatings and maintenance. Similarly, in negotiations, identify the other party's pain points and address them. For instance, as a real estate investor, understand a seller facing foreclosure and propose solutions like assuming their mortgage while transferring property ownership. This resolves their financial stress, benefiting both parties. Through such negotiations, you can acquire property without a down payment, fostering a win-win outcome. Negotiation, therefore, is a skill that is essential to be understood and utilized in every aspect of your life.

The important aspect of negotiation remains the same; each side has something unique to offer, against which a certain level of control and pressure is exerted. At the end of the day, a skill, product, or service is required, and the balance in the negotiation continues to shift throughout the negotiation process.

What approach does the passage recommend for negotiating with a dealership to achieve a favorable outcome?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為閱讀理解題,考查:

  1. 能否從文章中找出與題目相對應的具體資訊。
  2. 能否掌握 negotiation(談判)的策略:善用自身優勢、理解對方需求,創造雙贏。
  3. 能否辨認選項是否忠實呈現文章內容,而非加入文章未提及的激進或片面的做法。

文章主旨指出,談判並非單方面施壓,而是了解對方立場、找出雙方價值與需求,並運用自己擁有的條件爭取較佳結果。

定位答案的關鍵原文

文章提到與汽車經銷商談判時:

“with a dealership, leverage your excellent credit history and existing car ownership to negotiate a better deal.”

意思是:

「與經銷商談判時,可以運用自己良好的信用紀錄以及現有的汽車所有權,來談得更好的交易條件。」

因此,文章建議談判者應策略性地運用自己的信用紀錄與既有資產,答案為 (C)。

文章接著補充:

“Perhaps request additional benefits like free coatings and maintenance.”

意思是:

「也可以要求額外福利,例如免費鍍膜與保養。」

這也顯示談判方式是善用自身條件,爭取更有利的整體方案,而不是採取攻擊性或強迫性的手段。

解題方法

先抓題目中的核心字詞:

  • dealership:汽車經銷商
  • favorable outcome:有利的結果
  • approach:方法、策略
  • leverage:善用、利用某項優勢
  • credit history:信用紀錄
  • existing assets:既有資產

接著回文章尋找 dealership 所在的段落。原文直接說明,談判者可以利用良好的信用紀錄與已擁有汽車的條件,爭取更好的交易。因此,選項中最符合原文的概念是:

Strategically leveraging one's credit history and existing assets

也就是「策略性地運用自己的信用紀錄與既有資產」。

選項分析

(A) Insisting on immediate gratification without considering long-term benefits

意思是:「不考慮長期利益,只堅持立即獲得滿足。」

錯誤。文章沒有建議談判者只追求立即利益,反而強調理解對方、考量雙方需求,以及創造 win-win situation(雙贏情境)。此選項的 immediate gratification 與文章所強調的互惠和長期合理結果不符。

(B) Exploring alternative options without addressing the dealership's perspective

意思是:「探索替代方案,但不處理經銷商的立場。」

錯誤。文章雖然提到可提出額外要求,例如免費鍍膜與保養,但整體談判原則是理解 other side(對方)並考慮對方觀點。完全忽略經銷商立場,與文章的 mutual respect(相互尊重)及 understanding the other side(理解對方)相矛盾。

(C) Strategically leveraging one's credit history and existing assets

意思是:「策略性地運用自己的信用紀錄與既有資產。」

正確。這幾乎直接對應原文:

“leverage your excellent credit history and existing car ownership to negotiate a better deal.”

其中 leverage 是「善用某項優勢或資源」,existing car ownership 則可理解為「已擁有汽車這項既有條件」。文章明確把這些條件視為談判籌碼,用來爭取更好的交易。

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第 49 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Knowing how to steer a conversation and gain the other party’s attention is an important skill required to become a negotiator. Negotiation is all about understanding the other side, identifying things of emotional value for each party, and trying to create a win-win situation by offering the least concessions.

This is why it has been observed that the power to negotiate is rarely one-sided, though this tends to deviate as the discussions progress. In any negotiation, it’s crucial to navigate key points strategically, ensuring your perspective is fulfilled rather than concluding the discussion in a one-sided manner. It is important to provide mutual respect and incorporate feedback in a negotiation.

Imagine the scenario. When negotiating for the beach house instead of the lake house from your parents, acknowledge their emotional ties to the beach house while emphasizing the value of the lake house. Consider their perspective, prioritizing their sentiment due to your emotional bond. Contrastingly, with a dealership, leverage your excellent credit history and existing car ownership to negotiate a better deal. Perhaps request additional benefits like free coatings and maintenance. Similarly, in negotiations, identify the other party's pain points and address them. For instance, as a real estate investor, understand a seller facing foreclosure and propose solutions like assuming their mortgage while transferring property ownership. This resolves their financial stress, benefiting both parties. Through such negotiations, you can acquire property without a down payment, fostering a win-win outcome. Negotiation, therefore, is a skill that is essential to be understood and utilized in every aspect of your life.

The important aspect of negotiation remains the same; each side has something unique to offer, against which a certain level of control and pressure is exerted. At the end of the day, a skill, product, or service is required, and the balance in the negotiation continues to shift throughout the negotiation process.

According to the passage, what is a potential outcome of successfully addressing the other party's pain points in negotiations?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「因果關係」與「段落主旨定位」。題目問:成功處理談判對方的痛點,會產生什麼結果?

文章強調談判的目標是:

  • understanding the other side:了解對方
  • identifying things of emotional value:找出對對方具有情感價值的事物
  • creating a win-win situation:創造雙贏局面
  • addressing the other party’s pain points:處理對方的困難或迫切需求

因此,若能針對對方的痛點提出解決方案,就能同時解決對方的問題,並使雙方獲益,形成 mutually beneficial agreement(互惠協議)。

解題方法

先抓題目關鍵字:

  • successfully addressing:成功處理
  • the other party’s pain points:對方的痛點、困難、迫切問題
  • potential outcome:可能產生的結果

文章第三段直接提供對應例子:

“Similarly, in negotiations, identify the other party's pain points and address them. ... This resolves their financial stress, benefiting both parties.”

翻譯為:

「同樣地,在談判中,要找出對方的痛點並加以處理……這能解決他們的財務壓力,使雙方都獲益。」

其中:

  • resolves their financial stress 表示解決對方的財務壓力;
  • benefiting both parties 表示使談判雙方都得到好處;
  • win-win outcome 表示雙贏結果。

所以,成功處理對方痛點的結果,是建立能解決根本問題、且雙方都受益的協議,故選 (D)。

選項分析

(A) Exacerbating the other party’s concerns and escalating the conflict
「加劇對方的疑慮並升高衝突。」

錯誤。exacerbate 意為「使惡化、加劇」,與文章中的 address(處理、解決)及 resolves(解決)意思相反。文章主張透過了解對方需求來降低問題,而非擴大衝突。

(B) Generating mistrust and resentment, hindering future negotiations
「造成不信任與怨恨,阻礙未來的談判。」

錯誤。文章提到談判應包含 mutual respect(相互尊重)並 incorporate feedback(納入回饋),目標是建立合作關係與雙贏結果,並非造成不信任或怨恨。

(C) Ignoring the other party’s perspective and imposing one’s own terms
「忽略對方觀點,強加自己的條件。」

錯誤。文章明確指出 negotiation is all about understanding the other side(談判重點在於了解對方),並要求 consider their perspective(考慮對方的觀點)。本選項所述行為與文章核心概念完全相反。

(D) Establishing a mutually beneficial agreement that resolves underlying issues
「建立能解決根本問題、且雙方都受益的協議。」

正確。此選項對應文章中的:

  • resolves their financial stress:解決對方的財務壓力;
  • benefiting both parties:使雙方都獲益;
  • win-win outcome:雙贏結果。
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第 50 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Knowing how to steer a conversation and gain the other party’s attention is an important skill required to become a negotiator. Negotiation is all about understanding the other side, identifying things of emotional value for each party, and trying to create a win-win situation by offering the least concessions.

This is why it has been observed that the power to negotiate is rarely one-sided, though this tends to deviate as the discussions progress. In any negotiation, it’s crucial to navigate key points strategically, ensuring your perspective is fulfilled rather than concluding the discussion in a one-sided manner. It is important to provide mutual respect and incorporate feedback in a negotiation.

Imagine the scenario. When negotiating for the beach house instead of the lake house from your parents, acknowledge their emotional ties to the beach house while emphasizing the value of the lake house. Consider their perspective, prioritizing their sentiment due to your emotional bond. Contrastingly, with a dealership, leverage your excellent credit history and existing car ownership to negotiate a better deal. Perhaps request additional benefits like free coatings and maintenance. Similarly, in negotiations, identify the other party's pain points and address them. For instance, as a real estate investor, understand a seller facing foreclosure and propose solutions like assuming their mortgage while transferring property ownership. This resolves their financial stress, benefiting both parties. Through such negotiations, you can acquire property without a down payment, fostering a win-win outcome. Negotiation, therefore, is a skill that is essential to be understood and utilized in every aspect of your life.

The important aspect of negotiation remains the same; each side has something unique to offer, against which a certain level of control and pressure is exerted. At the end of the day, a skill, product, or service is required, and the balance in the negotiation continues to shift throughout the negotiation process.

Choose the expression closest in meaning to “leverage”?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字義辨析,重點是判斷 leverage 在談判情境中的意思。

leverage 可作名詞或動詞:

  • 作名詞:影響力、談判籌碼、優勢
  • 作動詞:利用某項優勢施加影響,以取得更有利結果

題幹描述談判時,應善用自身條件增加談判優勢,因此 leverage 的核心概念是「運用優勢、施加影響力」。

定位答案的原文

“with a dealership, leverage your excellent credit history and existing car ownership to negotiate a better deal.”

翻譯:

「與汽車經銷商談判時,運用你良好的信用紀錄與現有汽車所有權,來爭取更好的交易條件。」

句中 leverage 是動詞,後面接名詞片語 your excellent credit history and existing car ownership,表示「利用良好信用紀錄與擁有汽車這些有利條件,對談判結果施加影響」。

因此,最接近的選項是 to exert power,即「施加力量/發揮影響力」。

解題方法

先判斷詞性,再依上下文推論:

  1. leverage 位於祈使句中,前面省略主詞 you,因此是動詞。
  2. 後面接自身擁有的優勢條件:良好信用紀錄與汽車所有權。
  3. 這些條件被拿來爭取更好的交易,而非被放棄、宣布或衡量。
  4. 因此語意應為「運用優勢、增加控制力」,與 to exert power 最接近。

題幹後文也提供相同語意:

“each side has something unique to offer, against which a certain level of control and pressure is exerted.”

翻譯:

「每一方都有獨特的條件可以提出,並據此施加某種程度的控制與壓力。」

這再次呼應 leverage 所代表的「運用有利條件來施加影響力」。

選項分析

(A) to exert power:施加力量;發揮影響力

正確。談判中的 leverage 指利用自身掌握的優勢或籌碼,增加對對方及談判結果的影響力。題幹中利用良好信用紀錄與既有汽車所有權,就是以自身條件施加談判影響力。

(B) to gauge:評估;衡量

錯誤。gauge 表示測量、評估程度,例如:

  • gauge the customer’s interest:評估顧客的興趣
  • gauge the market response:衡量市場反應

題幹不是在「衡量」信用紀錄或汽車所有權,而是把這些條件拿來爭取更好的交易。

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第 Essay Writing 題20 分

Write an essay of at least 200 words regarding the following sentences:

Gene modifying technologies hold immense potential for treating a wide range of human diseases.

However, these powerful tools raise significant ethical concerns. Discuss both the potential benefits and drawbacks of using gene modifying for medical treatment.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題屬於「議論文 Essay Writing」,要求考生針對基因修改技術應用於醫療的「正面效益」與「倫理疑慮」進行雙向討論。文章必須具備:

  1. 清楚的主旨句(thesis statement)。
  2. 基因修改技術的醫療利益。
  3. 基因修改技術的風險與倫理問題。
  4. 平衡、客觀的結論。

題目不是要求單純支持或反對基因修改,而是要「Discuss both the potential benefits and drawbacks」,因此兩方面都必須充分說明。

題幹翻譯與定位

題目原文:

Gene modifying technologies hold immense potential for treating a wide range of human diseases.
However, these powerful tools raise significant ethical concerns. Discuss both the potential benefits and drawbacks of using gene modifying for medical treatment.

翻譯:

基因修改技術對於治療廣泛的人類疾病具有極大的潛力。
然而,這些強大的工具也引發重大的倫理疑慮。請討論以基因修改作為醫療治療方式的潛在利益與缺點。

其中最重要的作答指令是:

Discuss both the potential benefits and drawbacks

意思是「討論潛在的優點與缺點」,不可只寫其中一面。

關鍵單字與片語

  • gene modifying technologies:基因修改技術
  • gene modification:基因修改
  • gene editing:基因編輯
  • hold immense potential:具有巨大的潛力
  • a wide range of:廣泛的、多種類的
  • human diseases:人類疾病
  • powerful tools:強大的工具
  • raise ethical concerns:引發倫理疑慮
  • medical treatment:醫療治療
  • genetic disorders:遺傳性疾病
  • inherited diseases:遺傳疾病
  • defective genes:缺陷基因
  • cure:治癒
  • prevent:預防
  • alleviate symptoms:緩解症狀
  • target specific genes:鎖定特定基因
  • unintended consequences:非預期後果
  • off-target mutations:非目標位置突變
  • long-term effects:長期影響
  • informed consent:充分知情同意
  • future generations:後代
  • inequality:不平等
  • access to treatment:接受治療的機會
  • designer babies:設計嬰兒
  • genetic enhancement:基因強化
  • regulation:規範、監管
  • responsible use:負責任的使用

文法與語意重點

  1. hold potential for + V-ing

題目中的:

hold immense potential for treating

forfor 是介系詞,後面接動名詞 treatingtreating,不可寫成 forfor 加原形動詞。

例句:

Gene therapy holds great potential for treating rare diseases.

基因療法對治療罕見疾病具有很大的潛力。

  1. a wide range of + 複數名詞

a wide range of human diseases

awiderangeofa wide range of 後面通常接複數名詞,表示「許多不同種類的」。

  1. raise concerns about + 名詞

raise significant ethical concerns

raiseraise 在此不是「提高」,而是「引發」。常見搭配為:

raise concerns about safety

引發對安全性的疑慮。

  1. both A and B

題目要求討論兩面,因此文章可使用:

both the benefits and the drawbacks

「優點與缺點兩者」。

  1. may、can、could 的語意差異

議論文中宜使用 maymay、cancan、couldcould,表達「可能造成」或「具有能力」,語氣較客觀。

Gene editing may reduce the risk of inherited diseases.

基因編輯可能降低遺傳疾病的風險。

  1. 分詞修飾

diseases caused by defective genes

causedbydefectivegenescaused by defective genes 修飾 diseasesdiseases,意為「由缺陷基因造成的疾病」。

  1. 被動語態

genes can be altered

意為「基因可以被改變」。醫療與科學文章常使用被動語態,因為重點在技術與結果,而非執行者。

解題方法

最穩定的寫法是五段式議論文:

  1. 第一段:引入主題,提出主旨。
  2. 第二段:說明醫療利益。
  3. 第三段:說明醫療風險。
  4. 第四段:補充倫理與社會層面的問題。
  5. 第五段:提出平衡結論與使用原則。

建議採用「具體例子+抽象分析」的方式。利益方面可寫遺傳疾病、癌症、個人化醫療;缺點方面可寫脫靶突變、長期風險、基因歧視、醫療資源不平等與設計嬰兒。

文章主旨不可寫成過度絕對的句子,例如:

Gene modification is always safe and beneficial.

較好的主旨句是:

Although gene modification could transform modern medicine, it should be used only under strict scientific and ethical supervision.

這句同時承認技術潛力,也指出必須受到規範,符合題目要求的雙向討論。

參考作文

Gene-modifying technologies have the potential to transform modern medicine. By altering defective genes, scientists may be able to treat diseases that were previously considered incurable. Nevertheless, this technology also creates serious medical, ethical, and social problems.

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