高雄醫學大學 106 年 《英文》

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第 1 題1 分

The Prime Minister has repudiated racist remarks made by a member of the Conservative Party.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考的是近義字辨析,關鍵在於理解 repudiate 的語意。

  • repudiate:否認、拒絕接受;正式駁斥、嚴正譴責
  • spurn:鄙棄、唾棄、拒絕接受

題幹中,首相針對保守黨成員發表的種族歧視言論,採取的是「公開否定、譴責」的態度,因此 repudiated 與 spurned 意義最接近。

解題方法

定位關鍵句:

The Prime Minister has repudiated racist remarks made by a member of the Conservative Party.
首相已嚴正駁斥保守黨一名成員所發表的種族歧視言論。

句中 has repudiated 是現在完成式,表示首相已經對這些言論做出正式否定或譴責。

判斷選項時,應尋找同樣具有「拒斥、鄙棄、不接受」語意的字,而不是單純表示「同意、確認或批准」的字。spurned 正好表示「鄙棄、拒絕接受」,可替換 repudiated。

選項分析

(A) approved

approve 表示「批准、同意、認可」。

若改成:

The Prime Minister has approved racist remarks...

意思會變成「首相已經認可種族歧視言論」,與題幹中首相反對該言論的語意相反,因此錯誤。

(B) assented

assent 表示「同意、允許」,通常用於正式同意某項提議或要求,常見搭配為 assent to something。

assent to the proposal
同意這項提案

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第 2 題1 分

In the face of a recession of the business, he decided to travel to the other countries to learn about foreign production methods.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「語境搭配」。關鍵在於判斷句中 a recession of the business 所描述的商業狀況,再從選項中選出最符合「商業停滯、發展不振」語意的字。

題幹定位句:

In the face of a recession of the business, he decided to travel to the other countries to learn about foreign production methods.

翻譯:面對事業陷入停滯的情況,他決定前往其他國家,學習外國的生產方法。

其中 in the face of 表示「面對、在……情況下」;production methods 表示「生產方法」;foreign 表示「外國的」。

解題方法

先抓句子的因果關係:

  • 事業陷入不景氣或停滯;
  • 因此他前往其他國家;
  • 目的在學習外國的生產方法,以改善事業狀況。

因此空格需要填入表示「停滯、不振」的名詞。stagnation 正是「停滯、停滯不前、發展不振」,符合整體語意。

選項分析

(A) stagnation 停滯;不景氣;停滯不前

正確。stagnation 指缺乏成長或進展的狀態,可用於經濟、事業、產業或個人發展。

例如:

  • economic stagnation:經濟停滯
  • business stagnation:商業停滯、事業發展不振

放入題幹後,語意是「面對事業停滯,他前往國外學習新的生產方法」,前後因果合理。

(B) reflation 再通貨膨脹;通貨再膨脹政策

錯誤。reflation 指政府或中央銀行採取措施,使低迷經濟中的物價與經濟活動重新上升,例如降息或增加貨幣供給。它是經濟復甦政策或物價回升現象,不是事業停滯本身。

題幹需要的是負面的商業困境,reflation 與語境不合。

(C) devotion 奉獻;忠誠;投入

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第 3 題1 分

A series of atrocious acts committed by ISIS have provoked anger around the globe.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字義辨析與語境判斷。題幹中的關鍵字是 atrocious,意思是「極其殘暴的、令人髮指的、極糟糕的」。選項中與其意義最接近的是 appalling,意為「駭人的、令人震驚的、令人震怒的」。

題幹定位與翻譯

A series of atrocious acts committed by ISIS have provoked anger around the globe.

翻譯:ISIS 所犯下一連串令人髮指的暴行,已激起全球的憤怒。

其中:

  • a series of:一連串的
  • atrocious:殘暴的、令人髮指的
  • acts:行為;此處指暴行
  • committed by ISIS:由 ISIS 所犯下的
  • provoke anger:激起憤怒
  • around the globe:遍及全球

題幹描述 ISIS 的暴行引發全球憤怒,因此空格需要表達「令人震驚、駭人、殘暴」的負面形容詞。

解題方法

先將 atrocious 代入語意判斷:

  • atrocious acts:令人髮指的行為、殘暴行徑
  • appalling acts:駭人的行為、令人震怒的行徑

兩者皆能表達極度負面的情緒與評價,語意最為接近,因此選 (B) appalling。

選項分析

(A) destructive

意為「破壞性的、毀滅性的」。例如:

  • destructive behavior:破壞性行為
  • destructive storm:具有破壞力的暴風雨

此字強調造成損害或摧毀的結果,未必包含「令人震驚、殘暴、令人髮指」的情緒評價。ISIS 的行為確實可能具有破壞性,但就字義對應而言,不如 appalling 接近 atrocious,故不選。

(B) appalling

意為「駭人的、令人震驚的、令人憤慨的」。例如:

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第 4 題1 分

The President’s speech has prompted an angry response from both political parties.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查近義動詞的語意辨析,關鍵在於判斷動詞與名詞片語 an angry response(憤怒的回應) 的搭配關係。

題幹中的 prompt 作動詞,意思是「促使、引發、導致」。
prompt a response/reaction 是常見搭配,表示「引起某種回應/反應」。

題幹翻譯與定位

The President’s speech has prompted an angry response from both political parties.

總統的演講已引起兩個政黨憤怒的回應。

句中的 has prompted 表示「已經引發」,而 an angry response 是被引發的結果。因此答案必須是「引起、激起」之意。

解題方法

將選項逐一代入題幹,判斷其與 an angry response 的語意是否相符:

  • 總統的演講「引發」憤怒回應,語意合理。
  • 總統的演講「熄滅、使氣餒、限制或慶祝」憤怒回應,均不符合上下文。

因此選擇與 prompted 意義最接近的 provoked。

選項分析

(A) provoked — 引發、激起

正確。provoke 作動詞可表示「引起某種反應或情緒」,例如:

  • provoke an angry response:引發憤怒的回應
  • provoke criticism:引發批評
  • provoke a reaction:引起反應

provoked 與 prompted 在本題中皆表示「引起、促使」,可互換使用。

(B) extinguished — 撲滅、熄滅

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第 5 題1 分

A great proportion of laborers, having lost their plots of lands, had no subsidiary earnings to cushion themselves against unemployment.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與「形容詞修飾名詞」:

  • 空格後的名詞是 earnings(收入、所得),需要填入能描述「額外收入、補充收入」的形容詞。
  • 關鍵語意是:勞工失去土地後,沒有其他收入可在失業時提供緩衝。
  • supplementary 表示「補充的、額外的」,最符合句意。

解題方法

先抓句中的因果關係:

having lost their plots of lands

表示「因為失去了自己的土地」,這些勞工失去原本的土地收入來源。

had no subsidiary earnings to cushion themselves against unemployment

表示「沒有其他收入來減輕失業所造成的衝擊」。

因此,空格應填入「額外的、補充性的」形容詞,形成:

supplementary earnings

意思是「補充收入、額外收入」。

題幹定位與翻譯

A great proportion of laborers, having lost their plots of lands, had no subsidiary earnings to cushion themselves against unemployment.

翻譯:

很大一部分勞工失去了自己的土地,因此沒有補充收入來緩衝失業對他們造成的影響。

其中 subsidiary earnings 本身也有「附帶收入、額外所得」之意;空格選項 supplementary 與其語意相近,可用來描述這類收入。

選項分析

(A) advantageous:有利的、有益的。
通常用來形容對某人或某事有利,例如 an advantageous position(有利地位)。Advantageous earnings 表示「有利的收入」,不符合本句要表達的「額外收入」。

(B) managing:管理的;設法處理的。
Managing 通常作動詞分詞或形容詞使用,例如 a managing director(董事總經理)、managing a business(經營事業)。

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第 6 題1 分

Freedom of expression is the matrix, the principle substance, of nearly every form of invention.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考字義判斷與語意搭配,關鍵字是 matrix。

matrix 的基本意思是「母體、基質、矩陣」,也可引申為「事物產生或發展的來源、環境」。本句將它用作抽象比喻,表示「言論自由是各種發明的根源」。

句中 the matrix 與 the principle substance 為同位語,兩者共同補充說明主詞 Freedom of expression:

Freedom of expression is the matrix, the principle substance, of nearly every form of invention.
言論自由是幾乎所有形式之創新的根源,也是其基本要素。

其中,of nearly every form of invention 修飾前面的名詞,說明「什麼的根源」。

解題方法

先觀察句型:

Freedom of expression is the matrix ... of nearly every form of invention.

系動詞 is 後面接名詞 the matrix,表示「主詞就是某種事物」。依語意,主詞「言論自由」應該是各種創新、發明的「起源或根本來源」,而不是混合物、效果、習俗或調整。

因此,將 matrix 代換為各選項:

  • 「言論自由是幾乎所有發明的來源」語意通順。
  • 「言論自由是幾乎所有發明的效果」語意不合,因為言論自由不是發明所造成的結果。
  • 「言論自由是幾乎所有發明的習俗」也不合。

所以選擇與 matrix 的抽象引申義最接近的 origin。

關鍵單字與片語

  • freedom of expression:言論自由、表達自由
  • matrix:母體;基質;事物的根源或發展環境
  • principle substance:基本要素、根本實質
  • nearly:幾乎
  • form:形式、種類
  • invention:發明;創新
  • origin:起源、來源
  • effect:效果、結果
  • custom:習俗、慣例
  • adjustment:調整、調節

選項分析

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第 7 題1 分

There have been many leaders in the world, but Adolf Hitler is considered the ultimate monstrous dictator who entered the extraordinary stage of history.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「形容詞的語意辨析」,重點在於判斷哪一個選項最接近 monstrous 在句中的引申義。

  • monstrous:本義為「怪物般的、畸形的」;形容人的行為或統治時,指「極其邪惡的、殘暴的、令人髮指的」。
  • outrageous:指「令人震怒的、極其離譜的、令人髮指的」,可用來形容嚴重違反道德或常理的行為。

題幹以 Adolf Hitler 作為「monstrous dictator」,是在負面道德意義上描述其暴政,因此應選與「殘暴、令人髮指」語意最接近的形容詞。

定位答案的原文與翻譯

Adolf Hitler is considered the ultimate monstrous dictator
人們認為 Adolf Hitler 是最極端、怪物般的獨裁者。

其中 monstrous 是定位答案的關鍵字。此處不是指外貌巨大,而是指其統治手段與歷史罪行極其邪惡、殘暴,故選 outrageous。

解題方法

先判斷空格選項與 monstrous 的語意關係,再排除褒義、單純描述大小及反義選項。

句中出現 dictator,且人物是 Hitler,整體語氣明顯是負面評價。因此答案必須具有「令人震怒、邪惡、離譜」等負面意涵。五個選項中,只有 outrageous 符合此語氣。

選項分析

  • (A) glorious:意為「光榮的、輝煌的」。屬於正面褒義,與 monstrous dictator 的負面語氣相反,錯誤。

  • (B) magnificent:意為「壯麗的、偉大的、宏偉的」。通常用來稱讚景色、建築、成就或人物表現,並不表示殘暴或令人髮指,錯誤。

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第 8 題1 分

Oil was used instead of water in magnetic compass to stabilize the compass disk from erratic movement.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為高階同義字/近義字代換題,考查 GRE 等級形容詞的精確字義與語境搭配。
題幹原句中的目標修飾語為 erratic,修飾名詞 movement(運動、擺動)。解題核心在於掌握 erratic 的核心詞義(飄忽不定的、不穩定的、反覆無常的),並在選項中找出意思最相近的替換詞。

  • 題幹引文:
    "Oil was used instead of water in magnetic compass to stabilize the compass disk from erratic movement."
  • 中文翻譯:
    在磁羅盤中使用油代替水,是為了穩定羅盤盤面,防止其產生不穩定/飄忽不定的擺動。

解題方法

  1. 文意邏輯切入:
    句中動詞為 stabilize ... from ...(穩定……使免於……)。要使物體「穩定(stabilize)」,所防範的必然是「不穩定、變動劇烈、亂晃」的狀態。
  2. 詞彙精確對應:
  • erratic(adj.):源自拉丁文 errare(遊蕩、迷途),引申為「難以預測的(unpredictable)」、「飄忽不定的(wandering, irregular)」、「反覆無常的(capricious)」。
  • 在五個選項中,尋找同樣具備「易變的、反覆無常的、不穩定的」之詞彙,即為正解。

選項分析

  • (A) noticeable
  • 字義:顯著的、顯而易見的、引人注目的(= conspicuous, evident, perceptible)。
  • 分析:此字僅強調「看得出來/明顯」,不含「方向飄忽、不規則、反覆無常」的意涵。指針若有規律的大幅旋轉也是 noticeable,但無法精確表現 erratic 的「不穩定性」,故非最佳替換詞。
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第 9 題1 分

The gardening art in Central Florida makes the landscape vibrant and bright.

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這一題的完整詳解

題意翻譯

「佛羅里達州中部的園藝藝術使當地的景觀變得充滿活力且明亮。」


核心觀念:同義字辨析與語境語意搭配

本題為高醫學士後醫學系經典的「劃底線字同義字替換題」(本題測驗劃底線目標字 vibrant 之替換)。

  • vibrant (adj.):
  1. 充滿生機的、精力充沛的(full of energy and enthusiasm / lively)。
  2. (顏色、光線)鮮豔明亮的(bright and strong)。
  • 本題題幹中「makes the landscape vibrant and bright」,與 bright 對稱並修飾 landscape,表示景觀「生機勃勃、充滿生氣、色彩鮮豔」。因此需尋找能表達「精力充沛、生機盎然」的正向同義詞。

解題方法

  1. 抓取語境線索與對稱結構:
    題幹利用等位連接詞 and 連接兩個正向形容詞:vibrant and bright。後方的 bright(明亮、鮮豔)奠定了正向積極的基調。
  2. 分析字根與語義:
  • vibrant 源自拉丁語 vibrare(振動、顫動),延伸為「躍動的、充滿生命力的」。
  • 選項 (B) vigorous 來自拉丁語 vigor(活力、生命力),形容「充滿活力的、精力充沛的、強壯的」,兩者在「充滿生機與活力」的語意軸線上完美吻合。
  1. 刪除反義及負向字詞:
    其餘選項 (C)、(D)、(E) 皆帶有「遲緩、冷漠、不活躍」等負向或被動意涵,與題幹語境完全衝突。

選項分析

  • (A) muffled(錯誤)
  • 詞性與詞義:(聲音)被壓低沉悶的、裹住以消音或保暖的。源自動詞 muffle(包裹、壓低聲音)。
  • 為何錯誤:通常用來形容聲音(如 muffled voice/sound)或被厚重衣物裹住,與景觀的「活力/生機」毫無關聯。
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第 10 題1 分

People in Minneapolis have called for a boycott of a local shopping mall over the unfair treatment of employees of color in hiring, promotion, and discipline.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為高醫後醫英文常考的「同義字替換題(Synonym Replacement)」。此類題型要求考生選出能精確替換劃線單字(本題劃線字為 boycott)之最佳同義詞。解題關鍵在於掌握劃線單字的精確語義、情感色彩,並結合題幹的具體語境(因不公平對待而發起的抗議/杯葛行動)來做最適判斷。


題幹定位與翻譯

  • 題幹原文:
    "People in Minneapolis have called for a <u>boycott</u> of a local shopping mall over the unfair treatment of employees of color in hiring, promotion, and discipline."
  • 中文翻譯:
    「明尼阿波利斯的居民因當地一家購物中心在招募、升遷與懲處上有針對有色人種員工的不公平待遇,而發起**<u>聯合抵制(杯葛)</u>**。」
  • 關鍵字詞解析:
  • call for (phr.):呼籲、號召
  • boycott (n./v.):聯合抵制、杯葛(通常藉由拒絕購買或使用某項服務,以表達抗議並施加壓力)
  • treatment of (n.):對……的對待/待遇
  • employees of color (n.):有色人種員工
  • discipline (n.):懲戒、紀律處分

解題方法

  1. 分析劃線字核心語義:
    劃線字 boycott 指的是一種集體的「抗議與抵制手段」,其核心本質即為對不公義事件的「抗議、反對」(an act of protest)。
  2. 對齊語境語義:
    題幹敘述群眾因商場存在種族不平等待遇而發起杯葛,本質就是一場集體抗議行動。因此在給定的五個選項中,最能涵蓋並直接呼應「抵制以示反對」的即是 protest。

選項分析

  • (A) champion:錯誤。
  • 詞義:名詞為「捍衛者、擁護者、冠軍」;動詞為「支持、為……而戰」。
  • 剖析:語義為正向的支持或提倡,與 boycott 所代表的「拒絕、抵制、抗議」恰好相反。
  • (B) advocate:錯誤。
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第 11 題1 分

One of the new smartphone’s features is a magnetic wireless data transfer feature which keeps accessories from being made _________ by new connection standards.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 字義判斷:依上下文選出符合語意的形容詞。
  2. 使役結構:make + 受詞 + 形容詞,表示「使……變得……」。
  3. 固定搭配:keep A from V-ing,表示「防止 A……」。

句中結構如下:

keeps accessories from being made obsolete

= 防止配件被淘汰
= 防止配件因新連接標準而過時

其中 being made obsolete 是被動結構:

  • make accessories obsolete:使配件過時
  • accessories being made obsolete:配件被使得過時

解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句為:

One of the new smartphone’s features is a magnetic wireless data transfer feature which keeps accessories from being made obsolete by new connection standards.

翻譯:

這款新智慧型手機的特色之一,是具備磁性無線資料傳輸功能,可以防止配件因新的連接標準而被淘汰。

new connection standards 指「新的連接標準」。科技產品若無法配合新的連接標準,便會失去相容性而「過時、被淘汰」。因此空格必須填入表示「過時的、淘汰的」之形容詞 obsolete。

完整語意為:

這項功能能防止配件因新的連接標準而過時。

選項分析

(A) obsolete 過時的;淘汰的

正確。

make A obsolete 表示「使 A 過時、淘汰 A」。句中使用被動形式:

accessories are made obsolete

再接在 from 後面改為動名詞被動式:

from being made obsolete

符合文法,也完全符合語意。

(B) navigating 導航;操控;瀏覽

錯誤。

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第 12 題1 分

The key to avoid resource exhaustion is _________ — finding new and efficient ways of conserving more and consuming less.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 字義辨析:四個選項皆為抽象名詞,但語意不同。
  2. 語境判斷:依據「避免資源耗竭」及「節省更多、消耗更少」判斷最合適的概念。
  3. 同位語/補充說明:破折號後的 finding new and efficient ways of conserving more and consuming less,用來具體解釋空格中的名詞。

題幹關鍵句為:

The key to avoid resource exhaustion is _________ — finding new and efficient ways of conserving more and consuming less.

翻譯為:

避免資源耗竭的關鍵是____——找出新的有效方法,以節省更多並消耗更少。

其中「節省資源、減少消耗,讓資源能長久維持」正是 sustainability(永續性、可持續性) 的核心概念。


解題方法

先觀察空格後的破折號。破折號後的片語:

finding new and efficient ways of conserving more and consuming less

是在補充說明空格名詞的具體內涵,也就是:

透過新的有效方法節省資源、減少消耗。

因此,空格應填入表示「長期維持資源、兼顧使用與保存」的名詞。

resource exhaustion 指「資源耗盡、資源耗竭」。要避免資源耗竭,必須採取能長期維持資源與環境的做法,這種概念就是 sustainability。


選項分析

(A) reasonability

reasonability 意為「合理性、合乎理性的程度」。

此字著重於某個想法、決定或行為是否合理,例如:

the reasonability of the proposal
這項提案的合理性

題幹討論的是節約資源與減少消耗,重點在資源能否長期維持,而不是某種做法是否合理。因此不合語意。


(B) profitability

profitability 意為「獲利能力、盈利性」。

此字源自 profit,通常用於企業、投資或商業活動,例如:

the profitability of the company
公司的獲利能力

題幹沒有提到營收、利潤或經濟報酬,且「節省更多、消耗更少」主要是環境與資源管理概念,不是獲利概念,因此不適合。


(C) achievability

achievability 意為「可達成性、可實現性」。

此字表示某個目標或計畫是否能夠完成,例如:

the achievability of the goal
目標的可達成性

題幹並未詢問「避免資源耗竭是否做得到」,而是在說明避免資源耗竭所需要的核心理念與方法。因此 achievability 不符合破折號後的解釋內容。


(D) attainability

attainability 也意為「可達成性、可獲得性」。

attainability 與 achievability 意思接近,皆強調目標、標準或成果是否能被達成。例如:

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第 13 題1 分

If the product doesn’t work, the customers are given an option of a refund or a _________.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「語境判斷」與「商業消費情境中的名詞辨義」,並要求判斷兩個並列名詞的語意是否合理。

題幹關鍵句:

If the product doesn’t work, the customers are given an option of a refund or a replacement.
如果產品無法運作,顧客可以選擇退款或更換產品。

產品故障時,商家通常提供兩種處理方式:

  • refund:退款
  • replacement:更換品、替代品

因此空格應填入與 refund 並列、且符合售後服務情境的名詞 replacement。

解題方法

先抓因果關係:

If the product doesn’t work

表示「如果產品不能正常使用」,接著應說明商家提供給顧客的補救方案。

句型為:

an option of A or B
選擇 A 或 B

其中 A 是 a refund,指退回款項;B 應是另一種產品售後處理方式。最自然的搭配是:

a refund or a replacement
退款或更換產品

此外,refundrefund 與 replacementreplacement 都是具體的消費補償方案,在語意上平行。

選項分析

(A) transaction

  • 中文:交易、交易行為。
  • 例:The transaction was completed successfully.
    這筆交易已順利完成。
  • transactiontransaction 指買賣、付款等交易本身,不能作為產品故障後與退款並列的補救方案。
  • 「退款或一筆交易」在語意上不合,故錯誤。

(B) redemption

  • 中文:兌換、贖回、履行;在優惠券語境中可指兌換。
  • 例:The coupon is valid for one redemption.
    這張優惠券可兌換一次。
  • redemptionredemption 常用於兌換點數、優惠券,或宗教、金融上的「贖回」概念。題幹沒有優惠券或兌換活動的語境。
  • 「退款或兌換」不是一般產品故障時的標準處理方式,故錯誤。

(C) commission

  • 中文:佣金、手續費;委員會;委任。
  • 例:The salesperson receives a commission.
    業務人員會收到佣金。
  • commissioncommission 在商業情境中最常指銷售佣金或服務費,並非產品故障後提供給顧客的補償品。
  • 「退款或佣金」語意不平行,故錯誤。

(D) provision

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第 14 題1 分

Leonardo Da Vinci _________ us with his knowledge of invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, and mathematics.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 動詞字義辨析
  2. 固定搭配:dazzle somebody with something
  3. 依語意判斷動詞

題幹描述 Leonardo da Vinci 擁有發明、繪畫、雕塑、建築、科學、音樂與數學等多方面才能,因此應選擇表示「使……驚嘆、使……讚嘆」的動詞。


題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句:

Leonardo Da Vinci _________ us with his knowledge of invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, and mathematics.

翻譯:

李奧納多・達文西以他在發明、繪畫、雕塑、建築、科學、音樂與數學方面的知識,使我們驚嘆不已。

句型為:

dazzle + 人 + with + 事物
以某事物使某人驚嘆、讚嘆


解題方法

先觀察空格後面的結構:

_________ us with his knowledge

空格後接人稱代名詞 us,再接 with + 名詞。能自然搭配此結構,且符合「達文西的多方面才能令人驚嘆」語意的動詞,就是 dazzled。

主詞為單數的 Leonardo Da Vinci,事件發生在過去,因此使用過去式 dazzled。

完整句子為:

Leonardo Da Vinci dazzled us with his knowledge of invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, and mathematics.


選項分析

(A) dazzled

dazzle 意為「使驚嘆、使讚嘆、使眼花撩亂」。

常見搭配:

dazzle somebody with something
以某事物使某人驚嘆

本句中,達文西以多方面的知識與才能使我們驚嘆,語意與句型皆正確。過去式為 dazzled。

因此本選項正確。


(B) deemed

deem 意為「認為、視為」,通常用於:

deem A B
認為 A 是 B

例如:

The committee deemed the plan impractical.
委員會認為這項計畫不切實際。

若填入本句:

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第 15 題1 分

You must have heard about The Phantom of the Opera. Its German language production _________ at the Theater an der Wien in December 1988.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與「動詞搭配」。句子主詞是:

Its German language production _________ at the Theater an der Wien in December 1988.

其中 Its German language production 指《歌劇魅影》的德語版製作;後面的 at ... in December 1988 表示演出地點與首次演出時間,因此空格應填入表示「首演、首次公演」的動詞。

解題方法

關鍵線索是:

  • production:製作、演出版本
  • at the Theater ...:在某劇院演出
  • in December 1988:在某年某月發生
  • premiered:首演、首次公演

完整句意為:

Its German language production premiered at the Theater an der Wien in December 1988.
它的德語版製作於 1988 年 12 月在維也納河畔劇院首演。

premiered 是過去式,與明確的過去時間 in December 1988 一致;在語意上也符合戲劇製作「首次演出」的情境。

選項分析

(A) premiered:首演;首次公演

正確。premiere 可作動詞,表示「首次公開演出、首映」。戲劇、音樂劇、電影等作品都可以使用此字。

句型:

  • The musical premiered in London.
  • The film premiered at the festival.

本句描述德語版《歌劇魅影》第一次演出,因此使用過去式 premiered 最恰當。

(B) predicted:預測;預言

錯誤。predict 表示根據資訊預測未來事件,例如:

  • Experts predicted heavy rain.
  • 專家預測會有大雨。

「德語版製作預測於劇院」不符合語意;戲劇製作可以在劇院「首演」,不能在劇院「預測」。

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第 16 題1 分

A _________ of artists gathered in Berlin to display their innovative and grotesque artworks.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「集合名詞與語境辨識」。句型為:

A _________ of artists gathered in Berlin to display their innovative and grotesque artworks.

空格後接 of artists,需要填入能表示「一群藝術家」的名詞;同時,題幹描述這群藝術家聚集展示創新且怪誕的藝術作品,因此答案應具有「一群志趣相投、通常屬於特定圈子的成員」之意。

coterie 指「小圈子、同好群體、志趣相投的一群人」,尤其可指藝術家、作家等組成的圈內團體,最符合本題語意。

解題方法

先觀察句型:

A + 名詞 + of artists + gathered

空格需要填入一個可作為群體單位的可數名詞。再依語意判斷,句子要表達「一群藝術家在柏林聚集」。

其中 coterie 常用於表示由具有共同興趣、理念或身分的人組成的小團體,與 artists 搭配自然:

a coterie of artists
一群藝術家;藝術家小圈子

題幹中的 innovative and grotesque artworks(創新且怪誕的藝術作品)也暗示這是一群具有特殊藝術風格或共同理念的藝術家,因此選用 coterie 最精確。

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句:

A coterie of artists gathered in Berlin to display their innovative and grotesque artworks.

翻譯:

一群藝術家聚集在柏林,展示他們創新且怪誕的藝術作品。

其中 a coterie of artists 是定位答案的核心片語,表示「一群藝術家」或「藝術家小圈子」。

選項分析

(A) block

block 常見意思包括:

  • 街區、街廓
  • 大塊物
  • 阻礙
  • 一組、一批

例如:

a block of ice
一大塊冰

雖然 block 偶爾可表示「一批人」,但通常不表示具有共同興趣或特定圈子的藝術家群體。a block of artists 在本題語境中不自然,因此錯誤。

(B) form

form 可作名詞,意思包括:

  • 形式、形狀
  • 表格
  • 類型
  • 狀態

也可作動詞表示「形成」。但 a form of artists 會變成「藝術家的一種形式」,無法表達「一群藝術家」。本句需要的是群體名詞,而非表示形式或種類的 form,因此錯誤。

(C) coterie

coterie 是名詞,指:

  • 小圈子
  • 志趣相投的一群人
  • 特定領域中的核心團體
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第 17 題1 分

The general manager of the company refuted the _________ of misdirected investment concerning the decline of sales performance in the first quarter.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「動詞搭配」與「語意判斷」。

句型為:

refute the _________ of + 名詞

其中 refute 意為「駁斥、反駁」,通常接受詞為某項指控、主張、說法或論點。因此,空格應填入表示「指控、聲稱」的名詞。

關鍵單字與片語

  • general manager:總經理
  • refute:駁斥、反駁
  • allegation:指控、聲稱;複數為 allegations
  • misdirected investment:投資方向錯誤、不當投資
  • concerning:關於
  • decline:下降、衰退
  • sales performance:銷售表現
  • the first quarter:第一季

解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句為:

The general manager of the company refuted the _________ of misdirected investment concerning the decline of sales performance in the first quarter.

可翻譯為:

該公司的總經理駁斥了「第一季銷售表現下滑是由於投資方向錯誤」的_________。

總經理能夠「駁斥」的對象,應是他人提出的指控或說法。選項中只有 allegations 符合「指控、聲稱」的語意:

refuted the allegations of misdirected investment
駁斥投資方向錯誤的指控

因此選擇 (A) allegations。


選項分析

(A) allegations 指控、聲稱

正確。allegation 指尚未獲得證實的指控或主張,常與 make、deny、refute、investigate 等動詞搭配。

本句中:

refuted the allegations of misdirected investment

意思是「駁斥投資方向錯誤的指控」,符合 refute 的受詞需求,也符合上下文。

(B) elongation 延長、拉長

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第 18 題1 分

Jack the Ripper was one of Britain’s most _________ serial killers who took prostitutes’ lives away in the slums of the East End of London.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「形容詞詞彙語意辨析」與「語境搭配(Context Clues)」。考生需依據題幹中的歷史人物專有名詞及後續關係代名詞子句所描述的負面行為,判斷出最符合負面名聲語意的形容詞。


題幹翻譯與語意定位

原句:Jack the Ripper was one of Britain’s most notorious serial killers who took prostitutes’ lives away in the slums of the East End of London.
翻譯:開膛手傑克是英國最惡名昭彰的連環殺手之一,他曾在倫敦東區的貧民窟奪走多名妓女的生命。

  • 定位線索:
    題幹描述的主詞是歷史上著名的「開膛手傑克(Jack the Ripper)」,其身分為「連環殺手(serial killers)」,後面以關係子句補充說明其行徑為「在貧民窟奪走妓女的生命(took prostitutes' lives away in the slums...)」。此種殘虐且負面的行為,修飾詞必然帶有強烈的負面評價(「惡名昭彰的」),故需選填表負面聲譽的形容詞。

選項分析

  • (A) exquisite:錯誤。

  • 詞性與字義:形容詞,意為「精緻的、精巧的、敏銳的、劇烈的」。

  • 說明:常用於形容工藝品、藝術、餐點或感受(如 exquisite craftsmanship / pain),無法用來形容作惡多端的連環殺手。

  • (B) notorious:正確。

  • 詞性與字義:形容詞,意為「惡名昭彰的、聲名狼藉的」(同義詞:infamous)。

  • 說明:常用搭配為 be notorious for sth / as sth,專門用來修飾因犯罪、醜聞或不良行徑而出名的人事物。修飾「連環殺手(serial killer)」完全契合語境。

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第 19 題1 分

The erudite scholar always delivers his speech in a _________ way, which always makes audience get lost in the labyrinth of lore.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗進階學術字彙理解與語境語意對應(Contextual Clues)。題幹由一個主句與一個非限定關係子句(which...)構成,前後語意具有因果與呼應關係。考生需掌握前後關鍵字詞的修辭對比與語意延伸,準確選出最貼合「博學學者演講方式」與「聽眾迷失於知識迷宮」之形容詞。


題幹原文與結構解析

原文:
The erudite scholar always delivers his speech in a _________ way, which always makes audience get lost in the labyrinth of lore.

中文翻譯:
這位博學多聞的學者總是使用一種深奧難懂/深邃的方式發表演講,這總是讓聽眾迷失在浩瀚博大的知識迷宮之中。

關鍵字詞剖析:

  • erudite (adj.):博學的、博通的(GRE / 後醫常考高階字彙,同義詞:scholarly, learned)。
  • deliver a speech (phr.):發表演講。
  • get lost in (phr.):迷失在……之中。
  • labyrinth (n.):迷宮(隱喻複雜難解的結構或事物,同義詞:maze)。
  • lore (n.):學問、知識、傳統學識(同義詞:knowledge, erudition, wisdom)。

解題方法

  1. 抓取核心線索(Context Clue):
  • 線索一:主詞是 erudite scholar(博學的學者)。
  • 線索二:後方的非限定關係子句 which always makes audience get lost in the labyrinth of lore 說明演講帶來的結果是「讓聽眾迷失在繁複龐雜的知識迷宮(labyrinth of lore)之中」。
  1. 邏輯推理:
  • 能夠讓聽講者「如入知識迷宮、因過度深澀繁複而跟不上」的演說方式,必然是具有「深奧、艱澀、深邃」特質的演說。
  • 檢視選項,僅有 profound 同時具備「深奧的、深邃的」之意,完美契合「博學者的學問高深難以捉摸,導致聽眾消化不良而迷失」的情境。

選項分析

  • (A) profound(正確選項)
  • 詞性與字義:形容詞,意為「深奧的、深邃的、造詣深的」(intellectually deep; difficult to understand fully)。
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第 20 題1 分

After the occurrence of the 10th North Korean missile launch, UN Security Council _________ to call an emergent meeting.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「高級動詞語意精確度」與「動詞後接不定詞(to V)之搭配用法(Collocation)」。

在國際政治與新聞英文情境中,針對突發危機事件(如北韓試射飛彈),描述決策單位或多邊組織「爭分奪秒、倉促採取行動」時,常使用特定動詞片語搭配不定詞。


題幹精解與文意分析

原文:
After the occurrence of the 10th North Korean missile launch, UN Security Council _________ to call an emergent meeting.

中文翻譯:
在北韓發生第 10 次飛彈試射後,聯合國安全理事會急忙倉促召開緊急會議。

  • 文法結構剖析:
  • 時間副詞子句:After the occurrence of the 10th North Korean missile launch(在第 10 次北韓飛彈試射發生之後)。
  • 主要子句主詞:UN Security Council(聯合國安全理事會)。
  • 主要子句動詞:空格處需填入不及物動詞的過去式,並能後接 to + V(不定詞)表示行動目的或急於從事的行為。
  • 受詞/受詞補語:to call an emergent meeting(召開緊急會議)。

選項分析

  • (A) colluded:錯誤。

  • 字義:共謀、勾結、串通(多帶貶義,暗中進行非法行為)。

  • 用法:常接介系詞 collude with sb. in/to do sth.。

  • 辨析:聯合國安理會召開緊急會議是公開、法定的外交程序,並非暗中非法勾結,語意不合。

  • (B) counseled:錯誤。

  • 字義:建議、勸告、提供諮商。

  • 用法:作及物動詞時多接 counsel sb. to do sth.(勸某人做某事)或 counsel doing sth.;此處沒有受詞直接接 to call,文法搭配不當。

  • 辨析:文意並非單純「建議」,且主詞本身即為具有召集權力的安理會,此處需要表達安理會主動採取召開行動的動作。

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第 21 題1 分

The bookstore _________ closed many years ago but for the insistence of the customers to keep it open.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「與過去事實相反的假設語氣」以及被動語態。

題幹中的關鍵片語是:

but for the insistence of the customers to keep it open
要不是顧客堅持要讓它繼續營業

but for + 名詞表示「若不是……;要不是……」,相當於:

if it had not been for the insistence of the customers

顧客的堅持已經發生在過去,而且結果是「書店本來早就會被關閉」,因此主句要使用過去完成式的假設語氣:

would have been + 過去分詞

其中:

  • would have been:本來會是……
  • closed:被關閉的
  • many years ago:許多年前
  • insistence:堅持、堅決要求
  • customer:顧客
  • keep it open:讓它維持營業、使它繼續開放

解題方法

先抓出時間與語意:

  1. many years ago 明確指出事件發生在過去。
  2. but for 引導一個「與過去事實相反」的條件。
  3. 書店是「被關閉」,所以要用被動語態。
  4. 結果句的結構為:
主詞+would have been+過去分詞\text{主詞}+\text{would have been}+\text{過去分詞}

套入題目:

The bookstore would have been closed many years ago but for the insistence of the customers to keep it open.

翻譯為:

要不是顧客堅持讓這家書店繼續營業,它許多年前就已經關門了。

完整句意表示:書店實際上沒有在多年前關閉,原因是顧客堅持讓它繼續營業。這正是過去與事實相反的假設語氣。


選項分析

(A) would be

would be closed 是「現在或未來情況」的假設語氣,表示「將會被關閉」或「會是關閉的狀態」。

但題幹有 many years ago,指的是過去已發生的結果,因此應使用 would have been closed,不能使用 would be closed。


(B) were

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第 22 題1 分

Laughter can reduce the effects that stress brings to us. Experts recommend that the stress sufferer _________ something funny nearby.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念:recommend that + 主詞 + 原形動詞

本題考「建議、要求、命令類動詞」後接 that 子句時的句型。

當主要子句使用 recommend, suggest, advise, insist, demand, require 等表示建議或要求的動詞時,常用:

recommend that + 主詞 + 原形動詞

此結構稱為「假設語氣現在式」或「命令式假設語氣」(mandative subjunctive)。that 子句中的動詞不因主詞是第三人稱單數而加 -s。

題幹:

Experts recommend that the stress sufferer _________ something funny nearby.
專家建議承受壓力的人在附近放著一些有趣的東西。

recommend that 後面應接原形動詞,因此答案為 keep。


解題方法

先找主要子句的關鍵動詞:

Experts recommend that ...

recommend 表示「建議」,後面的 that 子句是建議內容。依句型:

recommend that + 主詞 + 原形動詞

因此:

the stress sufferer + keep something funny nearby

完整句意為:

專家建議承受壓力的人在附近放著一些有趣的東西。

the stress sufferer 雖然是第三人稱單數,但在此類建議句型中,動詞仍使用原形 keep,不能寫成 keeps。


選項分析

(A) keeping

keeping 是動名詞或現在分詞,不能直接放在:

recommend that the stress sufferer ______ something

之後作為主要動詞。that 子句需要一個完整的謂語動詞,而 keeping 在此沒有形成正確句型。

若要使用 keeping,句型必須改寫,例如:

Experts recommend keeping something funny nearby.
專家建議在附近放著一些有趣的東西。

但原題已有 that + 主詞,因此不能選 keeping。


(B) to keep

to keep 是不定詞。recommend 後面可以接不定詞片語,但不能使用:

recommend that + 主詞 + to V

錯誤形式:

recommend that the stress sufferer to keep ...

正確形式可為:

Experts recommend that the stress sufferer keep something funny nearby.

或:

Experts recommend the stress sufferer keep something funny nearby.

因此本題不能選 to keep。


(C) has to keep

has to keep 表示「必須放著」,是一般現在式的第三人稱單數形式。雖然單獨看 the stress sufferer has to keep something funny nearby 文法可以成立,但在 recommend that 後面的建議子句中,標準考試句型要求使用原形動詞

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第 23 題1 分

Mary is criticized as a “fallen woman” for her extramarital affair with the boss. _________ hard she tries to prove her ability in the workplace, she never gains the credit she deserves.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「讓步副詞子句」以及 however + 副詞/形容詞 的用法。

句型:

However + 副詞/形容詞 + 主詞 + 動詞, 主句。

表示「不管多麼……,仍然……」,相當於:

No matter how + 副詞/形容詞 + 主詞 + 動詞

題幹中的 hard 是副詞,修飾 tries,因此可用:

However hard she tries
不管她多麼努力

完整句意為:

不管她多麼努力地證明自己在職場上的能力,她始終無法獲得應得的肯定。

解題方法

先觀察空格後的結構:

_________ hard she tries to prove her ability

空格後已有副詞 hard,後面接完整子句 she tries。句意要求「不管她多麼努力」,屬於讓步關係。

能形成「不管多麼……」的固定句型是:

However hard she tries

其中:

  • however = 無論多麼
  • hard = 努力地
  • she tries = 她努力嘗試

因此選 (A) However。

題幹定位答案的關鍵句是:

However hard she tries to prove her ability in the workplace, she never gains the credit she deserves.

翻譯:

不管她多麼努力地證明自己在職場上的能力,她始終無法獲得自己應得的肯定。

選項分析

(A) However:正確

However + 副詞/形容詞 可表示「不管多麼……」。

本句的 hard 是副詞,修飾動詞片語 tries to prove,所以:

However hard she tries

文法完整,語意也符合前後句的讓步關係。

(B) Whatever:錯誤

Whatever 通常表示「無論什麼」,後面接名詞或名詞子句,例如:

Whatever problem she faces, she remains calm.
不管她面對什麼問題,她都保持冷靜。

本句的 hard 是副詞,不是名詞;不能說:

Whatever hard she tries

若要使用 whatever,必須改成其他結構,例如:

Whatever efforts she makes, she never gains the credit she deserves.

但原句空格後直接接 hard,因此不適用。

(C) How:錯誤

How hard she tries 本身可以形成名詞子句,表示「她有多努力」,例如:

I know how hard she tries.
我知道她有多努力。

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第 24 題1 分

_________ journalists manipulate the order of the information to achieve more drama or other effects in their writing is inherent in all journalism.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念:主詞名詞子句與連接詞判斷

本題考查「主詞名詞子句」的用法。當一個完整的子句放在句首,整體作為句子的主詞時,可用 that 引導。

句型如下:

That + 主詞 + 動詞 ... + be 動詞 + 補語

本題中:

That journalists manipulate the order of the information to achieve more drama or other effects in their writing is inherent in all journalism.

句首的 That journalists manipulate ... writing 是一個完整的名詞子句,整體作主詞,因此後面的動詞使用單數 is。


題幹定位與翻譯

題幹原文:

That journalists manipulate the order of the information to achieve more drama or other effects in their writing is inherent in all journalism.

可切分為:

  • That journalists manipulate the order of the information:記者會操弄資訊的排列順序
  • to achieve more drama or other effects in their writing:以便在寫作中達到更強的戲劇性或其他效果
  • is inherent in all journalism:是所有新聞工作固有的特質

完整翻譯:

記者會調整資訊的排列順序,以便在寫作中達到更強的戲劇性或其他效果,這是所有新聞工作固有的特質。

其中,句首的 That 子句 可視為:

The fact that journalists manipulate ...
記者會調整資訊排列順序這項事實

因此句意與文法都完整。


解題方法

先觀察空格後面的內容:

journalists manipulate the order ...

這是一個具備主詞 journalists 和動詞 manipulate 的完整子句。再觀察空格後方整體接著:

is inherent ...

表示空格所在的子句必須充當整句的主詞。

能引導「完整子句並使其名詞化」的選項是 That:

That journalists manipulate ... is inherent ...

此時主詞是整個 That 子句,所以使用單數動詞 is,結構完全正確。


選項分析

(A) While

while 可表示「當……時」或「雖然……」,通常引導副詞子句:

While journalists manipulate the order of the information, ...

若填入本題,句子會變成:

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第 25 題1 分

Researchers built computer stimulations to compare 63 fossilized skulls from ancient times — each _________ to a different species — to 13 modern whales.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「分詞片語」與「關係子句簡化」。

句中主幹為:

Researchers built computer stimulations to compare 63 fossilized skulls from ancient times to 13 modern whales.
研究人員建立電腦模擬,以比較古代的 63 個化石頭骨與 13 種現代鯨魚。

兩個破折號之間的部分:

each corresponding to a different species

是補充說明 63 fossilized skulls 的分詞片語,相當於:

each of which corresponded to a different species
而每一個頭骨都對應到不同的物種。

其中 correspond to 表示「對應於、相符於」。

解題方法

破折號中的內容不是句子的主要謂語,而是用來補充說明前面的 63 fossilized skulls。因此,應使用現在分詞 corresponding,形成分詞片語:

each corresponding to a different species

此處 corresponding 不是因為主詞 each 而使用單數動詞,而是現在分詞,功能類似形容詞片語,修飾前面的 each fossilized skull。

完整結構可還原為:

63 fossilized skulls, each of which corresponded to a different species, ...

關係子句簡化後:

63 fossilized skulls, each corresponding to a different species, ...

因此選擇 (B) corresponding。

定位答案的關鍵句

63 fossilized skulls from ancient times — each corresponding to a different species — to 13 modern whales.

翻譯:

古代的 63 個化石頭骨——每一個都對應到不同的物種——與 13 種現代鯨魚進行比較。

each corresponding to a different species 是插入的補充說明,並非獨立子句,所以使用 corresponding。

選項分析

(A) correspond

correspond 是原形動詞。each 若作主詞,後面若使用完整句子的動詞,應搭配單數形式 corresponds;原形 correspond 不能直接接在 each 後面。

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第 26 題

For each sentence, please choose one underlined part that contains FAULTY English.

On the evening of the poll, all candidates tried their best to address to the public concerning their political views and future prospects with a view to winning a landslide victory.

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這一題的完整詳解

題幹翻譯與定位

題意是:「在投票之夜,所有候選人都竭盡所能,向大眾說明自己的政治觀點與未來展望,以期贏得壓倒性的勝利。」

關鍵句為:

all candidates tried their best to address to the public concerning their political views and future prospects with a view to winning a landslide victory.

題目要求找出含有不正確英文的畫線部分。官方答案為 (B)。


核心觀念

本題主要考:

  1. try one’s best 與 do one’s best 的搭配
  2. address 的動詞用法
  3. concerning、with a view to 的介系詞片語
  4. landsilde victory 的語意

其中,依高雄醫學大學官方答案,本題將 tried their best 視為搭配錯誤,認為應改為:

did their best

但從現代標準英語而言,try one’s best 本身也是通行且正確的片語,因此本題具有爭議;此外,(C) 的 address to the public 也有明顯的動詞搭配問題。


解題方法

先逐一檢查畫線片語的:

  • 詞性與句型
  • 動詞搭配
  • 介系詞使用
  • 前後語意

依官方答案的命題判準,(B) tried their best 被視為錯誤搭配。正式考試作答時,應依公布答案選 (B)。


選項分析

(A) On the evening of the poll

意思是「在投票當晚」。

  • on 用於特定日期或某一天的早、午、晚,例如:
  • on Monday
  • on the evening of the election
  • the poll 指「投票、選舉投票」。

此片語在文法與語意上均正確。


(B) tried their best

官方答案認定此處錯誤,建議改為:

did their best

do one’s best 是最常見、最正式的固定搭配,意思是「盡某人最大努力」。

例句:

The candidates did their best to win the election.
候選人竭盡全力贏得選舉。

依本題官方命題標準,tried their best 被視為不當搭配,因此選 (B)。

不過,必須注意:

try one’s best

在現代英語中也可表示「盡力」,並非絕對錯誤。例如:

She tried her best to solve the problem.
她盡力解決這個問題。

因此,(B) 的錯誤屬於較嚴格的搭配偏好,而非明確的文法錯誤。


(C) to address to the public

此片語實際上也存在明顯問題。

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第 27 題

For each sentence, please choose one underlined part that contains FAULTY English.

For every inch you tilt your head forward, the pressure on your spine doubles. So if you’re looking at a smartphone in your lap, your neck is holding up which feels like 20 or 30 pounds.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 關係代名詞與名詞子句的使用。
  2. what 與 which 的句法差異。
  3. 介系詞片語 in your lap 的正確用法。
  4. 動詞片語與句意搭配。

關鍵錯誤位於 (E):your neck is holding up which feels like 20 or 30 pounds。

此處需要表達「你的脖子支撐著一個重量,而這個重量感覺起來像 20 或 30 磅」。正確寫法應為:

Your neck is holding up what feels like 20 or 30 pounds.

也可以改寫為:

Your neck is holding up a weight that feels like 20 or 30 pounds.


題幹定位與翻譯

原句:

For every inch you tilt your head forward, the pressure on your spine doubles. So if you’re looking at a smartphone in your lap, your neck is holding up which feels like 20 or 30 pounds.

翻譯:

你的頭部每向前傾一英吋,脊椎所承受的壓力就會加倍。因此,如果你正低頭看放在腿上的智慧型手機,你的脖子就正在支撐著一個感覺起來像是二十或三十磅的重量。

前一句的結構為:

For every inch you tilt your head forward, the pressure on your spine doubles.

意思是「頭部每向前傾一英吋,脊椎上的壓力就加倍」。

後一句的問題集中在:

your neck is holding up which feels like 20 or 30 pounds


解題方法

先判斷空格後的 which 是否有明確的先行詞。

which 是關係代名詞,通常需要修飾前面已出現的名詞,例如:

He lifted a heavy box which weighed 30 pounds.
他搬起一個重箱子,那個箱子重達三十磅。

但原句中,which 前面沒有可供它修飾的名詞。holding up 後面也需要一個受詞,表示「支撐著什麼」。

此處應使用 what:

what = the thing that / the amount that

因此:

holding up what feels like 20 or 30 pounds

等於:

holding up the amount that feels like 20 or 30 pounds

what 本身兼具「先行詞+關係代名詞」的功能,不需要前面另有名詞。


選項分析

(A) For every inch

for every + 名詞 表示「每……」,用來說明某種變化的比例或條件。

例如:

For every mile he runs, he drinks a bottle of water.
他每跑一英里,就喝一瓶水。

本題:

For every inch you tilt your head forward

表示「頭部每向前傾一英吋」,用法正確。

(A) 正確。


(B) you tilt your head forward

tilt 可作及物動詞,表示「使……傾斜、使……偏轉」;tilt your head forward 即「使頭部向前傾」。

此處 you tilt your head forward 是省略關係詞的子句,完整形式可視為:

For every inch that you tilt your head forward ...

在表示時間、距離、程度的關係子句中,關係副詞或關係詞常可省略,因此句型成立。

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第 28 題

For each sentence, please choose one underlined part that contains FAULTY English.

Singapore’s only landfill is a 20-minute ferry ride south from the main island. It is the home of coconut trees and banyan bushes. All the trash from Singapore’s 4.4 million residents has dumped here 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查動詞語態(主動 vs. 被動)與時態及習慣動作的搭配。

  1. 及物動詞的受詞與語態:動詞 dump 為及物動詞,意為「傾倒、丟棄」。當主詞為無生命的事物且為承受動作的對象(如 trash「垃圾」)時,動詞必須使用被動語態(be+p.p.\text{be} + \text{p.p.})。
  2. 常態/習慣性事實的時態:句尾有頻率時間副詞 24 hours a day, seven days a week(每週七天、每天24小時),表示這是一個持續不斷、常態性的事實,應使用現在簡單式被動語態(is dumped\text{is dumped})或現在進行式被動語態(is being dumped\text{is being dumped}),而非現在完成式主動語態(has dumped\text{has dumped})。

解題方法

  1. 定位主詞與主要動詞:
    定位至含劃線處的第三句:

"All the trash from Singapore’s 4.4 million residents has dumped here 24 hours a day, seven days a week."

  • 主詞為 All the trash(不可數名詞,單數概念)。
  • 介系詞片語 from Singapore’s 4.4 million residents 為修飾主詞的後位修飾語。
  • 主要動詞為劃線 (E) 的 has dumped。
  1. 檢驗動詞主被動關係:
    「垃圾」(trash)無法自己主動去「傾倒」(dump),而是「被傾倒」。dump 為及物動詞,若用主動語態後方必須接受詞(如 dump the trash);此處後方直接接副詞 here,缺乏受詞,顯然必須改為被動語態。
  2. 時態與語態修正:
    搭配後方表示常態事實的頻率副詞 24 hours a day, seven days a week,最恰當的修正是改為現在簡單式被動語態 is dumped。若要強調動作持續進行中,亦可作 is being dumped。原句使用主動形式的 has dumped 語法錯誤,因此 (E) 為錯誤所在。

選項分析

  • (A) Singapore’s only landfill:正確無誤。
  • Singapore’s 為名詞所有格。
  • only 作為形容詞修飾單數名詞 landfill(垃圾掩埋場),名詞片語結構合乎文法。
  • (B) a 20-minute ferry ride south from the main island:正確無誤。
  • 20-minute 為「數詞 + 單數名詞」構成的複合形容詞,修飾名詞 ferry ride(渡輪船程)。
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第 29 題1 分

For each sentence, please choose one underlined part that contains FAULTY English.

Neither Prince nor Molly were wearing seatbelts, according to the accident reports, and it is likely that Molly would have survived the crash had she been wearing her seatbelt.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為經典的「挑錯題」(Error Recognition),核心評量重點為:

  1. 主詞與動詞一致性(Subject-Verb Agreement):對等連接詞「neither A nor B」引導主詞時的「就近原則(Proximity Rule)」。
  2. 與過去事實相反的假設語氣及其倒裝句型(Conditional Sentences & Inversion):與過去事實相反的假設結構「had + S + p.p., S + would have + p.p.」。

解題方法

  1. 定位第一分句主詞與動詞:
  • 原文前段:「Neither Prince nor Molly were wearing seatbelts...」
  • 主詞為「Neither A nor B」結構(A=PrinceA = \text{Prince}, B=MollyB = \text{Molly})。在規範文法(Prescriptive Grammar)與各類升學考試中,動詞的單複數須依據「靠近動詞的受詞/主詞(BB)」來決定。
  • 靠近動詞的主詞是「Molly」,為第三人稱單數名詞,因此動詞必須使用單數形 was wearing,而非複數形 were wearing。選項 (B) 存在明顯文法錯誤。
  1. 驗證其餘句構:
  • 後半句「it is likely that Molly would have survived the crash had she been wearing her seatbelt」為「與過去事實相反」的假設語氣倒裝結構:
  • 主要子句使用「would have + p.p.」(would have survived)。
  • 條件子句原為「if she had been wearing her seatbelt」,省略 if 後將助動詞 had 倒裝至主詞 she 之前,成為「had she been wearing her seatbelt」,文法完全正確。

題幹引文與完整翻譯

原文:Neither Prince nor Molly were wearing seatbelts, according to the accident reports, and it is likely that Molly would have survived the crash had she been wearing her seatbelt.
修正:Neither Prince nor Molly was wearing seatbelts...
中文翻譯:根據事故報告,普林斯和莫莉兩人都沒有繫安全帶;而且如果莫莉當時有繫安全帶的話,她很可能就能在這場車禍中倖存下來。


選項分析

  • (A) Neither Prince nor Molly:正確。
    使用相關對等連接詞「neither... nor...」(既不……也不……)連接兩個名詞 Prince 與 Molly,搭配與用法無誤。
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第 30 題1 分

For each sentence, please choose one underlined part that contains FAULTY English.

The perception of attractiveness is multimodal, meaning it does not reliant on just one factor, such as physical appearance, but rather multiple factors, including body order and voice.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題屬於「挑錯題(Error Identification)」,主要測驗形容詞在句中的述語(Predicate)結構與助動詞/連繫動詞(be 動詞)的正確搭配,同時涉及考卷題幹排版與選項標記位置對應的應試判讀。

  • 形容詞述語結構:形容詞(如 reliant)不能直接由助動詞(do/does/did)否定,必須搭配連繫動詞(如 be 動詞)作為謂語動詞,構成「be+not+adjective+preposition\text{be} + \text{not} + \text{adjective} + \text{preposition}」結構(如:is not reliant on)。
  • 動詞搭配:若欲使用助動詞 does not,其後必須接原形動詞(如:does not rely on)。

題幹定位與全文翻譯

  • 定位句:

"The perception of attractiveness is multimodal, meaning it does not reliant on just one factor, such as physical appearance, but rather multiple factors, including body order and voice."

  • 中文翻譯:

「吸引力的知覺是多模態(多元)的,意即它不僅依賴單一因素(例如外貌),而是依賴多種因素,包括體味與聲音。」


解題方法

  1. 分析主從結構:
  • 主句為 "The perception of attractiveness is multimodal",主詞為 The perception of attractiveness(單數),主要動詞為 is,主詞補語為形容詞 multimodal,文法完全正確。
  • 後方分詞片語引導補充說明:"meaning it does not reliant on just one factor..."。其中 it 為代名詞,指代 the perception of attractiveness。
  1. 抓出子句動詞與述語結構錯誤:
  • 子句中出現 does not reliant on,此處 reliant 為形容詞(依賴的、依靠的)。
  • 助動詞 does not 後方只能接原形動詞(如 rely),若要保留形容詞 reliant,則必須搭配 be 動詞構成連繫動詞結構 is not reliant on。

選項分析

  • (A) The perception of attractiveness:正確。
  • perception(知覺;名詞)由介系詞片語 of attractiveness(吸引力)修飾,作為整句完整的主詞片語,單複數為不可數名詞單數,用法正確。
  • (B) is multimodal:官方公布有誤處(見下方官方釋疑與爭議說明)。
  • 就字面上,is multimodal(是多模態的/多元的)本身文法結構為「連繫動詞 + 形容詞」;但依據命題單位公告之釋疑,命題單位將子句中缺少 be 動詞的錯誤歸屬或標記在此選項所代表的結構判定上(命題單位主張此處結構應為 is not reliant on),維持官方答案為 (B)。
  • (C) does not reliant on just one factor:語法嚴重錯誤處(一般文法視角)。
  • reliant 為形容詞,前面誤用助動詞 does not。
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第 31 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

When humans first ventured out of Africa some 60,000 years ago, they left genetic footprints still visible today. By mapping the appearance and frequency of genetic markers in modern peoples, we create a picture of when and where ancient humans moved around the world. These great migrations eventually led the descendants of a small group of Africans to occupy even the farthest reaches of the Earth.

Our species is an African one: Africa is where we first evolved, and where we have spent the majority of our time on Earth. The earliest fossils of recognizably modern Homo sapiens appear in the fossil record at Omo Kibish in Ethiopia, around 200,000 years ago. Once the climate started to improve, the population expanded, and some intrepid explorers ventured beyond Africa. These early beachcombers expanded rapidly along the coast to India, and reached Southeast Asia and Australia by 50,000 years ago. Around 20,000 years ago, a small group of these Asian hunters entered the East Asian Arctic during the Last Glacial Maximum. At this time, the great ice sheets covering the far north had literally sucked up much of the Earth’s moisture in their vast expanses of white wasteland, dropping sea levels by more than 300 feet. This exposed a land bridge that connected the Old World to the New, joining Asia to the Americas. People’s journey never ended. By 14,000 years ago, they had penetrated the land south of the ice and made it all the way to the tip of South America. Is this part of the story amazing?

This essay falls into the research field of _________.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「文章主旨與研究領域判斷」。解題重點不是逐字翻譯,而是掌握文章反覆討論的核心主題:

  • 人類起源於非洲。
  • 人類從非洲向世界各地遷徙。
  • 透過現代人類的基因標記,追溯古代人類移動的時間與路線。
  • 文章描述人類到達印度、東南亞、澳洲、亞洲北極地區,最後進入美洲及南美洲的過程。

因此,本文主要探討的是「人類遷徙研究」,也就是 migration studies。


解題方法

先觀察第一段的總結性敘述:

By mapping the appearance and frequency of genetic markers in modern peoples, we create a picture of when and where ancient humans moved around the world.
透過繪製現代人群中基因標記的出現情形與頻率,我們可以描繪古代人類何時、從何處移動到世界各地。

這句明確指出文章研究的是古代人類的移動與分布。

第二段則依時間順序說明人類遷徙路線:

some intrepid explorers ventured beyond Africa.
一些勇敢的探索者離開非洲。

These early beachcombers expanded rapidly along the coast to India, and reached Southeast Asia and Australia by 50,000 years ago.
這些早期沿海遷徙者迅速沿著海岸線抵達印度,並在五萬年前到達東南亞與澳洲。

This exposed a land bridge that connected the Old World to the New, joining Asia to the Americas.
這使一座陸橋露出海面,連接舊世界與新世界,也就是把亞洲與美洲連接起來。

全文的共同主線是「人類如何從非洲遷徙到世界各地」,所以答案是 migration studies。


關鍵單字與片語

  • venture out of:冒險離開
  • genetic footprint:基因足跡
  • map:繪製分布圖;追蹤
  • genetic marker:基因標記
  • frequency:頻率
  • descendant:後代
  • fossil record:化石紀錄
  • recognizably modern Homo sapiens:可辨認為現代人的智人
  • intrepid:勇敢無畏的
  • explorer:探險者
  • beachcomber:沿海地區遷徙或活動的人
  • expand rapidly:迅速擴張
  • reach:抵達
  • the Last Glacial Maximum:末次冰盛期
  • ice sheet:冰原;大陸冰蓋
  • suck up:吸收;大量占用
  • moisture:水分
  • sea level:海平面
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第 32 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

When humans first ventured out of Africa some 60,000 years ago, they left genetic footprints still visible today. By mapping the appearance and frequency of genetic markers in modern peoples, we create a picture of when and where ancient humans moved around the world. These great migrations eventually led the descendants of a small group of Africans to occupy even the farthest reaches of the Earth.

Our species is an African one: Africa is where we first evolved, and where we have spent the majority of our time on Earth. The earliest fossils of recognizably modern Homo sapiens appear in the fossil record at Omo Kibish in Ethiopia, around 200,000 years ago. Once the climate started to improve, the population expanded, and some intrepid explorers ventured beyond Africa. These early beachcombers expanded rapidly along the coast to India, and reached Southeast Asia and Australia by 50,000 years ago. Around 20,000 years ago, a small group of these Asian hunters entered the East Asian Arctic during the Last Glacial Maximum. At this time, the great ice sheets covering the far north had literally sucked up much of the Earth’s moisture in their vast expanses of white wasteland, dropping sea levels by more than 300 feet. This exposed a land bridge that connected the Old World to the New, joining Asia to the Americas. People’s journey never ended. By 14,000 years ago, they had penetrated the land south of the ice and made it all the way to the tip of South America. Is this part of the story amazing?

Please tell the reason why we human species can be called “African one.”

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨定位」與「因果判斷」。題目詢問為什麼人類可以被稱為 “African one”,必須回到文章中尋找對 “Our species is an African one” 的直接解釋。

文章明確指出:

Our species is an African one: Africa is where we first evolved, and where we have spent the majority of our time on Earth.
我們人類是非洲的物種:非洲是我們最初演化的地方,也是我們在地球上度過大部分時間的地方。

其中,Africa is where we first evolved 正好對應選項 (B) 的核心內容,因此答案為 B。


解題方法

解題時先找題目關鍵字:

  • 題目關鍵詞:African one
  • 文章對應句:Our species is an African one
  • 後面的冒號表示後文要解釋前面的內容。

冒號後提供兩項理由:

  1. 人類最初在非洲演化。
  2. 人類在非洲度過地球歷史上的大部分時間。

選項中,只有 (B) 提到人類「最初在非洲演化」,與原文的主要理由一致。文章也提到非洲的現代人類化石,以及後來人類由非洲遷徙至亞洲、美洲等地,形成完整的演化與遷徙脈絡。


定位原文與語意翻譯

原文:

Our species is an African one: Africa is where we first evolved, and where we have spent the majority of our time on Earth.

翻譯:

我們人類是非洲的物種:非洲是我們最初演化的地方,也是我們在地球上度過大部分時間的地方。

其中:

  • our species:我們這個物種,指人類。
  • an African one:一個屬於非洲的物種;此處的 one 代替前面的 species。
  • where we first evolved:我們最初演化的地方。
  • have spent:現在完成式,表示從過去延續到現在的經歷。
  • the majority of our time:我們大部分的時間。

選項分析

(A) Because we were all born in Africa.
錯誤。born 是「出生」,文章說的是人類最初在非洲演化,不是每一個現代人都出生於非洲。現代人分布在全世界,不能解讀成所有人都出生在非洲。

(B) Because genetic footprints proved that humans first evolved in Africa.
正確。文章指出人類最初演化於非洲,並且透過現代人群中的遺傳標記追蹤古代人類的遷徙。選項雖使用 genetic footprints proved 的表達,重點與文章所述「人類起源於非洲」相符,且是五個選項中唯一符合文章核心理由者。

(C) Because Ethiopian people have a longer history of civilization.
錯誤。文章提到衣索比亞的 Omo Kibish 出現約 20 萬年前的現代人類化石,但沒有討論衣索比亞人民的文明史,也沒有以文明發展時間作為人類起源於非洲的理由。題目談的是人類演化,不是人類文明。

(D) Because Africans moved to Asia.
錯誤。文章確實提到一部分早期非洲人離開非洲,沿海岸移動到印度、東南亞、澳洲,後來更進入美洲。然而,這是說明人類如何由非洲向外遷徙,並非 “African one” 的根本原因。遷徙路徑是結果與過程,非洲起源才是主要理由。

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第 33 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

When humans first ventured out of Africa some 60,000 years ago, they left genetic footprints still visible today. By mapping the appearance and frequency of genetic markers in modern peoples, we create a picture of when and where ancient humans moved around the world. These great migrations eventually led the descendants of a small group of Africans to occupy even the farthest reaches of the Earth.

Our species is an African one: Africa is where we first evolved, and where we have spent the majority of our time on Earth. The earliest fossils of recognizably modern Homo sapiens appear in the fossil record at Omo Kibish in Ethiopia, around 200,000 years ago. Once the climate started to improve, the population expanded, and some intrepid explorers ventured beyond Africa. These early beachcombers expanded rapidly along the coast to India, and reached Southeast Asia and Australia by 50,000 years ago. Around 20,000 years ago, a small group of these Asian hunters entered the East Asian Arctic during the Last Glacial Maximum. At this time, the great ice sheets covering the far north had literally sucked up much of the Earth’s moisture in their vast expanses of white wasteland, dropping sea levels by more than 300 feet. This exposed a land bridge that connected the Old World to the New, joining Asia to the Americas. People’s journey never ended. By 14,000 years ago, they had penetrated the land south of the ice and made it all the way to the tip of South America. Is this part of the story amazing?

What is the purpose of this essay?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是閱讀測驗中的「主旨判斷題」,考查考生能否由全文內容歸納作者的寫作目的。判斷文章主旨時,應觀察:

  1. 首段提出文章主題。
  2. 後文是否持續圍繞同一主題發展。
  3. 選項是否涵蓋全文,而非只對應其中一個細節。

本文主軸是:透過現代人類的基因標記與化石證據,說明早期人類自非洲出發,逐步遷徙至亞洲、澳洲、北極地區及美洲的歷史。

定位答案的關鍵句

首段明確指出:

“By mapping the appearance and frequency of genetic markers in modern peoples, we create a picture of when and where ancient humans moved around the world.”

意為:

「藉由繪製現代人群中基因標記的出現情形與頻率,我們得以描繪古代人類在世界各地遷徙的時間與路徑。」

這句直接說明文章的核心工作是「描繪人類遷徙」,因此答案為 (D)。

文章後續也依序說明人類遷徙的路線:

  • 起源於非洲。
  • 約 60,000 年前離開非洲。
  • 沿海岸線到達印度。
  • 約 50,000 年前抵達東南亞與澳洲。
  • 約 20,000 年前進入東亞北極地區。
  • 越過連接亞洲與美洲的陸橋。
  • 約 14,000 年前抵達南美洲最南端。

這些內容共同支持「人類遷徙地圖」這一主旨。

文章語意與文法重點

  1. When humans first ventured out of Africa...

When 引導時間副詞子句,表示「當……時」。
venture out of 表示「冒險離開、踏出……」。

全句意為:「當人類約在 60,000 年前首次冒險離開非洲時……」

  1. genetic footprints still visible today

genetic footprints 是比喻用法,指「基因留下的足跡」,也就是現代人身上仍可觀察到的遺傳證據。
visible today 是後置修飾,表示「今日仍可見的」。

  1. By mapping...

By + V-ing 表示「藉由……的方法」。
mapping 在此不是單純畫地圖,也包含整理、標示及分析基因資料,以呈現人類遷徙路徑。

  1. These great migrations eventually led...

lead A to V 表示「導致 A 做某事」。
eventually 表示「最後、終究」。
此句說明一連串遷徙最後使非洲小群體的後代遍布全球。

  1. The earliest fossils of recognizably modern Homo sapiens appear...

the earliest fossils 表示「最早的化石」。
recognizably modern Homo sapiens 指「可辨認為現代型態的人類智人」。
appear in the fossil record 表示「出現在化石紀錄中」。

  1. had literally sucked up much of the Earth’s moisture

suck up 原意為「吸收、吸乾」。此處以擬人化方式描述冰原吸收大量水分,使海平面下降。
literally 表示「實際上、確實地」,強調冰層儲存了大量水分。

  1. This exposed a land bridge...

expose 表示「使……顯露出來」。
冰期海平面下降,使原本被海水淹沒的陸地露出,形成連接亞洲與美洲的陸橋。

關鍵單字與片語

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第 34 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

When humans first ventured out of Africa some 60,000 years ago, they left genetic footprints still visible today. By mapping the appearance and frequency of genetic markers in modern peoples, we create a picture of when and where ancient humans moved around the world. These great migrations eventually led the descendants of a small group of Africans to occupy even the farthest reaches of the Earth.

Our species is an African one: Africa is where we first evolved, and where we have spent the majority of our time on Earth. The earliest fossils of recognizably modern Homo sapiens appear in the fossil record at Omo Kibish in Ethiopia, around 200,000 years ago. Once the climate started to improve, the population expanded, and some intrepid explorers ventured beyond Africa. These early beachcombers expanded rapidly along the coast to India, and reached Southeast Asia and Australia by 50,000 years ago. Around 20,000 years ago, a small group of these Asian hunters entered the East Asian Arctic during the Last Glacial Maximum. At this time, the great ice sheets covering the far north had literally sucked up much of the Earth’s moisture in their vast expanses of white wasteland, dropping sea levels by more than 300 feet. This exposed a land bridge that connected the Old World to the New, joining Asia to the Americas. People’s journey never ended. By 14,000 years ago, they had penetrated the land south of the ice and made it all the way to the tip of South America. Is this part of the story amazing?

According to the essay, which statement is correct?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是英文閱讀理解與細節判讀題,考生必須:

  1. 找出文章明確陳述的事實。
  2. 判斷選項是否忠實重述原文。
  3. 注意時間、地點、人物與因果關係是否被偷換。
  4. 分辨「原文直接支持」與「過度推論」。

文章主旨是:透過研究現代人類的遺傳標記,可以追溯古代人類的遷徙路線,進而了解人類歷史與地理探索。


解題方法

先抓文章第一段的總結句:

By mapping the appearance and frequency of genetic markers in modern peoples, we create a picture of when and where ancient humans moved around the world.
透過繪製現代人群中遺傳標記的出現情形與頻率,我們可以了解古代人類何時、在何地移動到世界各處。

這句直接說明:研究遺傳標記能幫助我們理解古代人類的遷徙歷史。

再比對各選項的時間、地點與內容。只要選項增加原文沒有的資訊,或更改原文時間,即可判定錯誤。


文法與語意重點

1. By + V-ing

By mapping ...

「藉由……」或「透過……」。
此處的 by mapping 表示方法,說明研究者如何重建人類遷徙歷史。

2. when and where

when and where ancient humans moved

when and where 是兩個疑問副詞所引導的名詞片語,意思是「古代人類何時以及在何地移動」。

3. eventually

These great migrations eventually led ...

eventually 表示「最後、終究」。
文章描述的是經過長時間、多次遷徙後的結果。

4. intrepid

some intrepid explorers ventured beyond Africa

intrepid 意為「勇敢的、無畏的」。
venture beyond 表示「冒險越過、勇敢前往……之外」。


關鍵單字與片語

  • venture out of Africa:離開非洲、冒險走出非洲
  • genetic footprint:遺傳足跡
  • genetic marker:遺傳標記
  • modern peoples:現代人群
  • ancient humans:古代人類
  • migration:遷徙、移居
  • descendant:後代
  • evolve:演化
  • fossil record:化石紀錄
  • population expanded:人口擴張
  • intrepid:勇敢的、無畏的
  • explorer:探險者
  • beachcomber:沿海移居者;此處指沿著海岸遷徙的人群
  • reach:抵達
  • Arctic:北極地區
  • Last Glacial Maximum:末次冰盛期
  • ice sheet:冰原、冰蓋
  • sea level:海平面
  • land bridge:陸橋
  • penetrate:深入、進入
  • the tip of South America:南美洲最南端

選項分析

(A) Some 50,000 years ago, people knew how to reach Asia by reading the stars in the sky.

約五萬年前,人們知道如何藉由閱讀天空中的星星抵達亞洲。

錯誤。

原文只說:

These early beachcombers expanded rapidly along the coast to India, and reached Southeast Asia and Australia by 50,000 years ago.

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第 35 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

When humans first ventured out of Africa some 60,000 years ago, they left genetic footprints still visible today. By mapping the appearance and frequency of genetic markers in modern peoples, we create a picture of when and where ancient humans moved around the world. These great migrations eventually led the descendants of a small group of Africans to occupy even the farthest reaches of the Earth.

Our species is an African one: Africa is where we first evolved, and where we have spent the majority of our time on Earth. The earliest fossils of recognizably modern Homo sapiens appear in the fossil record at Omo Kibish in Ethiopia, around 200,000 years ago. Once the climate started to improve, the population expanded, and some intrepid explorers ventured beyond Africa. These early beachcombers expanded rapidly along the coast to India, and reached Southeast Asia and Australia by 50,000 years ago. Around 20,000 years ago, a small group of these Asian hunters entered the East Asian Arctic during the Last Glacial Maximum. At this time, the great ice sheets covering the far north had literally sucked up much of the Earth’s moisture in their vast expanses of white wasteland, dropping sea levels by more than 300 feet. This exposed a land bridge that connected the Old World to the New, joining Asia to the Americas. People’s journey never ended. By 14,000 years ago, they had penetrated the land south of the ice and made it all the way to the tip of South America. Is this part of the story amazing?

In what way can the scientists produce the migration theory of Homo sapiens?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解,重點是辨認科學家如何推論 Homo sapiens(智人)歷史上的遷徙路線。文章指出,研究者藉由分析現代人類身上的遺傳標記,重建古代人類移動的時間與地點,因此答案是 Genetic analysis(遺傳分析)。

關鍵定位句

“By mapping the appearance and frequency of genetic markers in modern peoples, we create a picture of when and where ancient humans moved around the world.”

翻譯:
「藉由繪製現代人類身上遺傳標記出現的情形與頻率,我們得以描繪古代人類何時、在何地遷徙至世界各地。」

其中:

  • map:繪製、描繪、整理分布情形
  • appearance:出現、存在情形
  • frequency:頻率
  • genetic marker:遺傳標記
  • modern peoples:現代人類族群
  • create a picture of...:描繪……的整體情況
  • ancient humans:古代人類
  • move around the world:在世界各地遷徙

題目問:

In what way can the scientists produce the migration theory of Homo sapiens?

意思是:「科學家透過什麼方式建立智人的遷徙理論?」

題幹的 By + V-ing 表示「藉由……的方法」,後面的 mapping... 正是說明研究方法;而 genetic markers 明確指出這是遺傳方面的分析。

解題方法

先找出文章中回答「如何研究」的句子,而不是只注意後文提到的地理位置與年代。

文章第一段先說明:

  1. 人類約在六萬年前離開非洲。
  2. 現代人身上仍可看見古代遷徙留下的遺傳痕跡。
  3. 科學家比較現代人類的遺傳標記之出現與頻率。
  4. 依此推測古代人類遷徙的時間與路線。

因此,文章的證據來源是 genetic markers,研究方法就是 genetic analysis。

選項分析

(A) Genetic analysis
正確。文章明確提到 genetic footprints(遺傳足跡)與 genetic markers(遺傳標記),並說明透過分析這些資料,可以推測古代人類的遷徙歷史。

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第 36 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The statue of the “raging bull” is world renowned. Seeing it and taking a photo of it is a must for tourists. Its popularity, however, is not just about its huge size and expressive pose.

Do you know where the “raging bull,” a 3,175 kg bronze, is located? What is the reason for its obvious might? It was created by the American-Italian sculptor Arturo di Modica and was meant to stand for “strength, power, and hope of the American people for the future.”

The figure was first delivered to the New York Stock Exchange, Wall Street, on December 15, 1989, as a Christmas present to the citizens. It was confiscated by city government, but the public vocalized their opinions so loudly that it was displayed in Bowling Green Park, where it still remains, just south of the Stock Exchange and facing Broadway. Di Modica gave the gift because of the hopelessness felt by the people after the 1987 financial crisis on Wall Street. The bull became much more applicable in 2008 than in 1989 when it was first given.

What did Arturo di Modica believe the bull could do when he created it?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是閱讀理解題,考查:

  1. 文章主旨與細節定位
  2. 代名詞與指涉關係
  3. 根據上下文判斷作者意旨

題目問:

What did Arturo di Modica believe the bull could do when he created it?

意思是:「Arturo di Modica 創作這頭公牛時,相信它能帶來什麼作用?」

解答必須回到文章中描述雕像創作目的的句子,而不是依據「raging bull」或「anger」等字面印象作答。

解題方法

題幹明確指出:

It was created by the American-Italian sculptor Arturo di Modica and was meant to stand for “strength, power, and hope of the American people for the future.”

翻譯:

這座雕像由美籍義大利雕刻家 Arturo di Modica 創作,原本是要象徵「美國人民面對未來的力量、權力與希望」。

此外,文章又說:

Di Modica gave the gift because of the hopelessness felt by the people after the 1987 financial crisis on Wall Street.

翻譯:

Di Modica 之所以贈送這份禮物,是因為華爾街 1987 年金融危機後,人們所感受到的絕望。

由這兩句可知,公牛雕像的功能不是表達憤怒,也不是批評政府,而是在人們遭遇金融危機、感到絕望時,象徵力量與希望,鼓勵美國人民相信自己能克服困難。因此選擇 (E)。

選項分析

(A) Show that anger cannot help you succeed.

意思是:「表示憤怒無法幫助你成功。」

文章雖然使用了 “raging bull”(暴怒的公牛)一詞,但全文沒有說明創作目的是教導人們「憤怒不能帶來成功」。相反地,文章強調的是 strength、power、hope,因此錯誤。

(B) Teach you that the Stock Exchange is difficult to rein, like a bull.

意思是:「教導人們證券交易所像公牛一樣難以駕馭。」

“rein” 是「用韁繩控制、駕馭」之意。此選項將公牛的形象與 Stock Exchange 做字面上的類比,但文章沒有提到證券交易所難以控制,也沒有把雕像設定為這種教訓。這是利用文章中的 “Stock Exchange” 與 “bull” 製造干擾,錯誤。

(C) Remind people of the mistakes they made during 1987.

意思是:「提醒人們 1987 年所犯的錯誤。」

文章確實提到 1987 年金融危機,但只說人們在危機後感到絕望,沒有說雕像是為了提醒大家過去的錯誤。雕像所代表的是未來的希望,而不是回顧或責備過去,因此錯誤。

(D) Outcry for the public about their rage against the impotent government during the financial crisis.

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第 37 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The statue of the “raging bull” is world renowned. Seeing it and taking a photo of it is a must for tourists. Its popularity, however, is not just about its huge size and expressive pose.

Do you know where the “raging bull,” a 3,175 kg bronze, is located? What is the reason for its obvious might? It was created by the American-Italian sculptor Arturo di Modica and was meant to stand for “strength, power, and hope of the American people for the future.”

The figure was first delivered to the New York Stock Exchange, Wall Street, on December 15, 1989, as a Christmas present to the citizens. It was confiscated by city government, but the public vocalized their opinions so loudly that it was displayed in Bowling Green Park, where it still remains, just south of the Stock Exchange and facing Broadway. Di Modica gave the gift because of the hopelessness felt by the people after the 1987 financial crisis on Wall Street. The bull became much more applicable in 2008 than in 1989 when it was first given.

In the third paragraph, what is the synonym of the word “confiscate”?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考 字義辨析與語境判斷,關鍵在於理解 confiscate 與各選項的精確語意。

  • confiscate (v.):依法沒收、查扣財物,強調由政府或有權力的機關強制取得。
  • expropriate (v.):徵收、沒收私人財產供國家或公共使用,主詞通常是政府或權力機關。
  • forfeit (v.):因違法、犯錯或受到懲罰而喪失財物、權利或資格。

官方釋義指出,confiscate 是 “take or seize property with authority”(經由權力取得或扣押財產);在本題各選項中,最符合「政府取得財產供公共使用」語意的是 expropriate。

解題方法

定位第三段的關鍵句:

It was confiscated by city government, but the public vocalized their opinions so loudly that it was displayed in Bowling Green Park, where it still remains, just south of the Stock Exchange and facing Broadway.

翻譯:

它被市政府沒收了,但民眾強烈表達意見,因此這座雕像被展示在 Bowling Green Park;目前仍留在那裡,就在證券交易所南方、面向 Broadway。

句中主詞是 city government,受詞是這座銅牛雕像。市政府取得雕像後,將它放置在公共公園展示,符合「政府為公共用途徵收或取得財產」的概念,因此選 expropriate。

選項分析

(A) relinquish

relinquish 是「放棄、放手、交出」。

這個字通常表示原本持有財物或權利的人自願放棄,重點在於「放棄者主動交出」,不含政府強制沒收的意思。市政府是強制取得雕像,故不合語境。

(B) abuse

abuse 是「濫用、虐待、辱罵」。

市政府並非「濫用」這座雕像,也不是虐待或辱罵它,與「依法取得財產」的語意完全不同。

(C) expropriate

expropriate 是「徵收、沒收私人財產供公共使用或利益」。

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第 38 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The statue of the “raging bull” is world renowned. Seeing it and taking a photo of it is a must for tourists. Its popularity, however, is not just about its huge size and expressive pose.

Do you know where the “raging bull,” a 3,175 kg bronze, is located? What is the reason for its obvious might? It was created by the American-Italian sculptor Arturo di Modica and was meant to stand for “strength, power, and hope of the American people for the future.”

The figure was first delivered to the New York Stock Exchange, Wall Street, on December 15, 1989, as a Christmas present to the citizens. It was confiscated by city government, but the public vocalized their opinions so loudly that it was displayed in Bowling Green Park, where it still remains, just south of the Stock Exchange and facing Broadway. Di Modica gave the gift because of the hopelessness felt by the people after the 1987 financial crisis on Wall Street. The bull became much more applicable in 2008 than in 1989 when it was first given.

Why do you think this article was written about the “raging bull”?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「寫作目的」(author’s purpose)。判斷文章主旨時,不能只依據單一段落或單一句話,必須整合:

  1. 開頭介紹雕像的知名度與觀光價值。
  2. 中段說明雕像的創作理念。
  3. 後段交代雕像與美國金融危機、民眾情緒之間的關係。

因此,正確判斷應涵蓋文章整體,而不是只擷取「藝術作品」「金融市場」或「美國未來」其中一個面向。


文章定位與語意重點

最能說明文章核心的句子包括:

It was meant to stand for “strength, power, and hope of the American people for the future.”

意為:「這座雕像原本代表美國人民對未來的力量、權力與希望。」

以及:

Di Modica gave the gift because of the hopelessness felt by the people after the 1987 financial crisis on Wall Street.

意為:「Di Modica 送出這份禮物,是因為華爾街在 1987 年金融危機後,人民所感受到的絕望。」

這兩句將雕像的象徵意義與金融危機後人民的情緒連結起來。文章不是單純介紹一頭公牛,也不是只介紹一件藝術品,而是說明這座雕像如何象徵力量、希望,以及金融危機後的社會心理。


關鍵單字與片語

  • statue:雕像、塑像
  • raging bull:狂怒的公牛
  • world renowned:世界聞名的
  • expressive pose:富有表現力的姿勢
  • bronze:青銅;bronze statue 指青銅雕像
  • obvious might:明顯展現出的強大力量
  • stand for:代表、象徵
  • deliver:運送、送達
  • confiscate:沒收、充公
  • vocalize one’s opinions:表達某人的意見
  • remain:留存、繼續存在
  • financial crisis:金融危機
  • hopelessness:絕望、無望感
  • applicable:適用的、切合情況的
  • stock exchange:證券交易所
  • financial institutions:金融機構

文法上,題幹中的:

a 3,175 kg bronze

是同位語結構,補充說明 “the raging bull” 是一座重達 3,175 公斤的青銅雕像。
而:

where it still remains

中的 where 引導關係子句,修飾前面的 Bowling Green Park,表示「它至今仍留在那裡」。


解題方法

第一步,先判斷文章的主要內容範圍。本文共有三個重點:

  • 雕像受到觀光客喜愛。
  • 雕像象徵美國人民的力量、權力與希望。
  • 雕像誕生於金融危機後的絕望情緒,並在 2008 年金融危機時更具相關性。

第二步,檢查各選項是否完整涵蓋文章主旨。若選項只符合第一段,或只提及某一個細節,通常不足以作為全文寫作目的。

第三步,注意本題的問題是:

Why do you think this article was written about the “raging bull”?

這是在問「作者為何寫這篇文章」,不是問雕像位於何處、由誰創作,或雕像外型有何特色。


選項分析

(A) The author was relaying a message to readers about the strength of the bull compared to the struggles of financial institutions in the stock market.

意為:「作者向讀者傳達公牛的力量,並將其與股市中金融機構的困境相比較。」

此選項抓到文章中「公牛的力量」與「金融危機」兩個重要元素,也符合 “strength, power” 以及 “financial crisis” 的內容。然而,文章寫的是金融危機後人民感受到的絕望,以及雕像所帶來的希望,不單是把公牛的力量與金融機構的困境作比較。

因此,依校方釋疑,A 選項的理解方向與全文有關,但未充分考量:

the hopelessness felt by the people

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第 39 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The statue of the “raging bull” is world renowned. Seeing it and taking a photo of it is a must for tourists. Its popularity, however, is not just about its huge size and expressive pose.

Do you know where the “raging bull,” a 3,175 kg bronze, is located? What is the reason for its obvious might? It was created by the American-Italian sculptor Arturo di Modica and was meant to stand for “strength, power, and hope of the American people for the future.”

The figure was first delivered to the New York Stock Exchange, Wall Street, on December 15, 1989, as a Christmas present to the citizens. It was confiscated by city government, but the public vocalized their opinions so loudly that it was displayed in Bowling Green Park, where it still remains, just south of the Stock Exchange and facing Broadway. Di Modica gave the gift because of the hopelessness felt by the people after the 1987 financial crisis on Wall Street. The bull became much more applicable in 2008 than in 1989 when it was first given.

According to the article, which of the following statements about the bull is incorrect?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為閱讀測驗中的事實細節比對題(Negative Fact Detail Question),要求考生選出「不正確(incorrect)」的敘述。考驗考生定位文章關鍵訊息(年代、地點、事件因果)、資訊整合判讀以及辨識選項中「偷換概念」與「時序混淆」的能力。


解題方法

  1. 抓取題幹關鍵字:本題要求找出關於華爾街公牛(the bull)的「錯誤敘述(incorrect statement)」。
  2. 快速掃描定位:
  • 瀏覽選項中的關鍵字(如:Christmas gift、Bowling Green Park、2008、Broadway、financial optimism)。
  • 將各選項的敘述回到原文第二段與第三段尋找對應事實,逐一驗證其正誤。

文章關鍵定位句與翻譯

  • 定位句一(第 3 段第 1 句):

"The figure was first delivered to the New York Stock Exchange, Wall Street, on December 15, 1989, as a Christmas present to the citizens."
翻譯:這座雕像於 1989 年 12 月 15 日首次被送到華爾街的紐約證券交易所,作為送給市民的聖誕禮物。

  • 定位句二(第 3 段第 2 句):

"It was confiscated by city government, but the public vocalized their opinions so loudly that it was displayed in Bowling Green Park, where it still remains, just south of the Stock Exchange and facing Broadway."
翻譯:它一度被市政府沒收,但大眾極力發聲抗議,促使它被陳列在保齡綠公園(Bowling Green Park),它至今仍留在該處,位置就在證券交易所的正南方、面朝百老匯。

  • 定位句三(第 2 段末句 & 第 3 段末句):

"It was created by the American-Italian sculptor Arturo di Modica and was meant to stand for 'strength, power, and hope of the American people for the future.'"
"Di Modica gave the gift because of the hopelessness felt by the people after the 1987 financial crisis on Wall Street. The bull became much more applicable in 2008 than in 1989 when it was first given."
翻譯:它由美籍義大利裔雕刻家阿圖羅·迪·莫迪卡創作,象徵「美國人民對未來的堅韌、力量與希望」。迪·莫迪卡送出這個禮物,是因為 1987 年華爾街金融危機後人們感受到的絕望。這隻公牛在 2008 年比在 1989 年初次贈予時顯得更加貼切受用。


選項分析

  • (A) It was a Christmas gift for the New York people.(它是給紐約市民的聖誕禮物。)
    正確。第 3 段明確提到雕像於 1989 年 12 月 15 日送達,作為 "a Christmas present to the citizens"。

  • **(B) It has been standing in Bowling Green Park for more than two decades.(它已佇立於保齡綠公園超過二十

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第 40 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The statue of the “raging bull” is world renowned. Seeing it and taking a photo of it is a must for tourists. Its popularity, however, is not just about its huge size and expressive pose.

Do you know where the “raging bull,” a 3,175 kg bronze, is located? What is the reason for its obvious might? It was created by the American-Italian sculptor Arturo di Modica and was meant to stand for “strength, power, and hope of the American people for the future.”

The figure was first delivered to the New York Stock Exchange, Wall Street, on December 15, 1989, as a Christmas present to the citizens. It was confiscated by city government, but the public vocalized their opinions so loudly that it was displayed in Bowling Green Park, where it still remains, just south of the Stock Exchange and facing Broadway. Di Modica gave the gift because of the hopelessness felt by the people after the 1987 financial crisis on Wall Street. The bull became much more applicable in 2008 than in 1989 when it was first given.

What is the author’s opinion about the “raging bull” as part of the culture of New York City and America at large?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題屬於學士後醫學英文閱讀測驗中標準的「作者態度與主旨推論題」(Author’s Opinion / Tone / Main Idea)。解題核心在於辨識文章中客觀敘事與作者情感評價的結合處,透過作者對創作者意圖(sculptor's intention)、公眾反應(public response)及象徵意義(symbolic meaning)的正面評價與用字,推導出作者對該件公共藝術品(華爾街銅牛 Charging Bull / Raging Bull)在文化上的定性。


解題方法

  1. 抓取題幹關鍵字與問題焦點:
    題幹詢問「作者對『暴怒公牛』(raging bull)作為紐約市乃至整體美國文化一部分的看法為何?」注意此題著重於文章整體傳達的價值與意涵,而非僅是事件表面發生的單一細節。

  2. 定位文本關鍵依據:

  • 第二段指明雕塑家的創作目的與正面象徵價值:

“It was created by the American-Italian sculptor Arturo di Modica and was meant to stand for ‘strength, power, and hope of the American people for the future.’”
(它由美籍義大利裔雕刻家阿圖羅·迪·莫迪卡創作,旨在代表「美國人民對未來的力量、權力與希望」。)

  • 第三段說明創作者捐贈這座雕像的善意初衷(good intentions),以及公眾與該雕像的情感連結:

“...as a Christmas present to the citizens.”
(……作為送給市民的聖誕禮物。)
“Di Modica gave the gift because of the hopelessness felt by the people after the 1987 financial crisis on Wall Street.”
(迪·莫迪卡贈送這份禮物,是因為人們在 1987 年華爾街金融危機後所感受到的絕望。)
“The bull became much more applicable in 2008 than in 1989 when it was first given.”
(這隻公牛在 2008 年比在 1989 年首次贈送時更加切合時局、更具意義。)

  1. 綜合推論:
    作者強調這件作品是藝術家有感於民眾受金融海嘯打擊而自發送給人民的禮物,意在注入「力量與希望」,且在 2008 年金融海嘯時更顯其適切與深刻意涵。全文語調充滿正面肯定,故作者認定這是一件由心懷善意的雕刻家所創作、極具價值與深厚意義的藝術品。

選項分析

  • (A) It is a controversial but inspiring piece of artistic object.(錯誤)
    分析:雖然公牛曾一度遭市政府沒收(confiscated),但那是因為未經核准擅自放置於街頭,市民隨即大聲抗議促成其常設於公園;全文並未將此作品定調為具有爭議性(controversial)的藝術品。選項以「controversial」作為干擾詞,過度曲解了市政處置插曲,並非作者對作品文化地位的評價。

  • (B) It is supposed to be confiscated by the city government.(錯誤)

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第 41 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In India’s capital, new housing sprawls as far as the eye can see, a symbol of the world’s fastest growing major economy. There also are towering symbols of the environmental cost of all this. Ghazipur, one of the city’s landfills, more than 10 stories high, an accumulation by now of more than 10 million tons of waste, is one of the biggest problems in India now. Trucks are bringing in an additional 2,000 tons of unsorted garbage here every day.

The trash problem is now a crisis at many levels. First, India is on the _________ zone, so if there is an earthquake, the mound of trash would slide down. Even without an earthquake, festering garbage would spew toxins into the air while a stew of heavy metals and organic and inorganic pollutants washes into the soil when it rains.

Now a company, contracted by Indian government, attempts to tackle this crisis by a power plant to convert waste to energy, sent to the electric grid. However, this is not the first attempt at creating energy from waste. Previous ones haven’t worked, according to environmental activists, because of the inability to sort and segregate the waste which is then used for incineration. If the trash isn’t sorted properly, you may have both very toxic emissions that come out of the plant and fuel of very poor quality that is generated. The proper segregation of the trash fails because in a caste society like India, waste has been the domain of people on the lowest rung of the age-old social hierarchy, not the middle classes who generate most of it.

According to the article, which of the following statements is correct?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為閱讀理解測驗中的「細節推論與文意判斷題」(Reading Comprehension: Detail & Inference)。測驗重點在於:

  1. 文章定位與事實查核:能否精準定位關鍵段落,排除過度推論、偷換概念、時態與因果倒置的干擾選項。
  2. 語意同義轉化與合理推論:理解第二段「重金屬與汙染物在垃圾中堆積」與第三段「未經妥善分類焚化產生有毒排放物(toxic emissions)」之間的因果關聯。

解題方法

  1. 定位與掃描各選項對應資訊:
  • 選項 (A):尋找第一段有關 2,000 tons 與垃圾分類的描述。
  • 選項 (B):尋找第一段有關 10 stories high 的描述。
  • 選項 (C):尋找第三段末有關 caste system(種姓制度)的描述。
  • 選項 (D):尋找第一段中 landfill 與經濟、環境代價的關係。
  • 選項 (E):整合第二段與第三段關於重金屬(heavy metals)、焚化(incineration)與有毒廢氣(toxic emissions)的論述。
  1. 逐一檢核語意與邏輯關係,選出與文意最相符且邏輯最合理的正解。

選項分析

  • (A) 錯誤

  • 原文依據:第一段最後一句:"Trucks are bringing in an additional 2,000 tons of unsorted garbage here every day."(卡車每天額外運送兩千噸未經分類的垃圾到這裡。)

  • 錯誤原因:原文指「每天運進 2,000 噸未分類的垃圾」,且第三段強調分類失敗(proper segregation fails),並未提及「清潔工每天必須在現場分類這 2,000 噸垃圾」。此選項扭曲事實。

  • (B) 錯誤

  • 原文依據:第一段第三句:"Ghazipur, one of the city’s landfills, more than 10 stories high..."(加濟布爾是該市的垃圾掩埋場之一,高達十層樓以上……)

  • 錯誤原因:十層樓高(10 stories high)指的是「垃圾掩埋場(landfill)堆積的高度」,並非指「印度首都最高的摩天大樓(skyscraper)」。屬於偷換主詞的典型陷阱。

  • (C) 錯誤

  • 原文依據:第三段最後一句:"The proper segregation of the trash fails because in a caste society like India, waste has been the domain of people on the lowest rung of the age-old social hierarchy, not the middle classes who generate most of it."(垃圾的妥善分類之所以失敗,是因為在像印度這樣的種姓社會中,處理垃圾一直是古老社會階層中最底層人群的領域,而不是製造大部分垃圾的中產階層的事。)

  • 錯誤原因:文章僅提到古老的種姓制度阻礙了垃圾分類的推行,完全沒有提及「經濟成長鼓勵印度去廢除(abolish)其種姓制度」。此為無中生有的過度推論。

  • (D) 錯誤

  • 原文依據:第一段第一至二句:"In India’s capital, new housing sprawls as far as the eye can see, a symbol of the world’s fastest growing major economy. There also are towering symbols of the environmental cost of all this."

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第 42 題

【題組共用題幹】

In India’s capital, new housing sprawls as far as the eye can see, a symbol of the world’s fastest growing major economy. There also are towering symbols of the environmental cost of all this. Ghazipur, one of the city’s landfills, more than 10 stories high, an accumulation by now of more than 10 million tons of waste, is one of the biggest problems in India now. Trucks are bringing in an additional 2,000 tons of unsorted garbage here every day.

The trash problem is now a crisis at many levels. First, India is on the _________ zone, so if there is an earthquake, the mound of trash would slide down. Even without an earthquake, festering garbage would spew toxins into the air while a stew of heavy metals and organic and inorganic pollutants washes into the soil when it rains.

Now a company, contracted by Indian government, attempts to tackle this crisis by a power plant to convert waste to energy, sent to the electric grid. However, this is not the first attempt at creating energy from waste. Previous ones haven’t worked, according to environmental activists, because of the inability to sort and segregate the waste which is then used for incineration. If the trash isn’t sorted properly, you may have both very toxic emissions that come out of the plant and fuel of very poor quality that is generated. The proper segregation of the trash fails because in a caste society like India, waste has been the domain of people on the lowest rung of the age-old social hierarchy, not the middle classes who generate most of it.

In the second paragraph, which of the following words best fits the blank?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考克漏字中的「語意判斷」與「詞性搭配」。空格後接名詞 zone,需要填入能修飾地質與地震活動的形容詞,並且須符合前後文:

  • 前文提到垃圾堆高達十多層樓。
  • 後文明確提到 if there is an earthquake。
  • 垃圾堆位於具地震活動風險的區域,地震時可能滑落。

因此,空格應填與「地震」相關的 seismic。

定位答案的關鍵句

First, India is on the _________ zone, so if there is an earthquake, the mound of trash would slide down.

翻譯為:

首先,印度位於地震帶上,因此如果發生地震,這座垃圾堆可能會滑落。

其中 seismic zone 是「地震帶、地震活動區」的意思;後面的 if there is an earthquake 直接提示空格內容與地震有關。

解題方法

先判斷空格所需的詞性。空格位於冠詞 the 與名詞 zone 之間,因此最自然的結構是:

the + 形容詞 + 名詞
the seismic zone

再依語意判斷,後半句說明地震可能造成垃圾堆滑落,所以應選擇表示「地震的、地震活動的」的 seismic。

選項分析

(A) buffer

buffer 可作名詞或形容詞,意思是「緩衝物、緩衝區;緩衝的」。例如 buffer zone 是「緩衝區」。

填入後成為 the buffer zone,意思是「該緩衝區」,與後文地震導致垃圾堆滑落的語意沒有直接關聯,因此不合適。

(B) landslide

landslide 是名詞,意思是「山崩、土石崩落;壓倒性勝利」。它不是形容詞。

填入後成為 the landslide zone,雖可理解為「崩塌區」,但題幹後文強調的是「發生地震後垃圾堆滑落」,答案應描述地震地質帶,而不是直接描述崩塌結果。此外,landslide 的詞性也不符合本題最直接的修飾需求。

(C) temperate

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第 43 題

【題組共用題幹】

In India’s capital, new housing sprawls as far as the eye can see, a symbol of the world’s fastest growing major economy. There also are towering symbols of the environmental cost of all this. Ghazipur, one of the city’s landfills, more than 10 stories high, an accumulation by now of more than 10 million tons of waste, is one of the biggest problems in India now. Trucks are bringing in an additional 2,000 tons of unsorted garbage here every day.

The trash problem is now a crisis at many levels. First, India is on the ____ zone, so if there is an earthquake, the mound of trash would slide down. Even without an earthquake, festering garbage would spew toxins into the air while a stew of heavy metals and organic and inorganic pollutants washes into the soil when it rains.

Now a company, contracted by Indian government, attempts to tackle this crisis by a power plant to convert waste to energy, sent to the electric grid. However, this is not the first attempt at creating energy from waste. Previous ones haven’t worked, according to environmental activists, because of the inability to sort and segregate the waste which is then used for incineration. If the trash isn’t sorted properly, you may have both very toxic emissions that come out of the plant and fuel of very poor quality that is generated. The proper segregation of the trash fails because in a caste society like India, waste has been the domain of people on the lowest rung of the age-old social hierarchy, not the middle classes who generate most of it.

What is the main reason for the failure to segregate trash in India?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨定位」與「因果關係判斷」。題目問的是印度垃圾「無法分類、分隔處理」的主要原因,答案必須回到文章中直接說明原因的句子,而不能只根據前文的垃圾量、地震風險或焚化污染推測。

關鍵在於文章最後指出:垃圾處理長期被視為低階階層的工作,因此製造最多垃圾的中產階級並未積極負責分類。

解題方法

先定位題幹中的關鍵字:

  • failure to segregate trash:無法分類垃圾、分隔垃圾
  • main reason:主要原因

文章直接說明原因的句子是:

The proper segregation of the trash fails because in a caste society like India, waste has been the domain of people on the lowest rung of the age-old social hierarchy, not the middle classes who generate most of it.

翻譯:

垃圾之所以無法適當分類,是因為在印度這樣的種姓社會中,垃圾處理一直被視為古老社會階級中最底層人員的工作,而不是那些製造大部分垃圾的中產階級的責任。

這句話的因果結構為:

  • because:因為
  • waste has been the domain of people on the lowest rung:垃圾處理被視為最底層人士的工作
  • not the middle classes who generate most of it:而不是製造大部分垃圾的中產階級的工作

因此,垃圾製造者把垃圾處理責任交給「別人」,形成「垃圾是別人的問題」這種態度,最符合選項 (B)。

選項分析

(A) The speed of generating trash is way much faster than cleaning it.
垃圾產生的速度遠比清理速度快。

文章確實提到每天有額外 2,0002{,}000 噸未分類垃圾運入垃圾掩埋場,但這是在描述垃圾量龐大與環境危機,並非文章指出垃圾無法分類的主要原因。文章明確將分類失敗歸因於社會階級與責任分工,而非單純的清理速度問題,因此錯誤。

此外,way much faster 的搭配也不自然,通常會說 much faster 或 far faster。

(B) Waste is always treated as someone else’s problem.
垃圾總是被視為別人的問題。

此選項符合文章最後一段的核心意思。印度的種姓制度使垃圾處理被視為最低階層人員的工作;然而,真正製造大部分垃圾的是中產階級。中產階級沒有將垃圾分類視為自身責任,而是把處理工作推給社會底層,因此垃圾無法妥善分類。

someone else’s problem 意為「別人的問題」,正好概括文章所描述的責任外包現象。故選 (B)。

(C) There is only one company in India in charge of 10 million tons of trash.
印度只有一家公司負責處理一千萬噸垃圾。

文章只說目前有一家公司受印度政府委託,嘗試興建垃圾轉能源的發電廠;並未說印度只有一家公司負責所有垃圾,也沒有指出「只有一家公司」是垃圾分類失敗的原因。

one of the city’s landfills 中的 one of 表示「其中之一」,也顯示 Ghazipur 是該城市眾多垃圾掩埋場之一,不是全印度唯一的垃圾處理單位。

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第 44 題

【題組共用題幹】

In India’s capital, new housing sprawls as far as the eye can see, a symbol of the world’s fastest growing major economy. There also are towering symbols of the environmental cost of all this. Ghazipur, one of the city’s landfills, more than 10 stories high, an accumulation by now of more than 10 million tons of waste, is one of the biggest problems in India now. Trucks are bringing in an additional 2,000 tons of unsorted garbage here every day.

The trash problem is now a crisis at many levels. First, India is on the ____ zone, so if there is an earthquake, the mound of trash would slide down. Even without an earthquake, festering garbage would spew toxins into the air while a stew of heavy metals and organic and inorganic pollutants washes into the soil when it rains.

Now a company, contracted by Indian government, attempts to tackle this crisis by a power plant to convert waste to energy, sent to the electric grid. However, this is not the first attempt at creating energy from waste. Previous ones haven’t worked, according to environmental activists, because of the inability to sort and segregate the waste which is then used for incineration. If the trash isn’t sorted properly, you may have both very toxic emissions that come out of the plant and fuel of very poor quality that is generated. The proper segregation of the trash fails because in a caste society like India, waste has been the domain of people on the lowest rung of the age-old social hierarchy, not the middle classes who generate most of it.

In the second paragraph, what is the meaning of the word “festering”?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字義判斷與上下文語意。關鍵字是 festering,其原形為 fester,指傷口、垃圾等因腐敗、感染而逐漸惡化、化膿、發臭。因此在本篇「垃圾掩埋場造成環境污染」的語境中,應解作「腐爛的、腐敗的」。

定位原文與翻譯

原文:

Even without an earthquake, festering garbage would spew toxins into the air while a stew of heavy metals and organic and inorganic pollutants washes into the soil when it rains.

翻譯:

即使沒有地震,腐爛的垃圾也會將毒素釋放到空氣中;下雨時,大量的重金屬以及有機、無機污染物混合物還會沖入土壤。

句中說明垃圾會釋放毒素,並在雨水作用下造成土壤污染,因此 festering garbage 應指正在腐敗、腐爛並產生污染的垃圾。

解題方法

判斷字義時,可依照三個線索:

  1. 名詞搭配:festering 修飾的是 garbage,通常用來描述腐敗、發臭、化膿或長期惡化的事物。
  2. 環境語境:文章談的是垃圾堆積、毒素、重金屬與污染物,與「腐爛」的語意一致。
  3. 動詞結果:垃圾會 “spew toxins into the air”(將毒素釋放到空氣中),表示垃圾正在分解腐敗,而非單純數量龐大。

因此答案為 rotten。

選項分析

(A) massive

massive 意為「巨大的、大量的、厚重的」,可形容垃圾堆的規模,但不能精確表達垃圾因分解而腐敗、發臭的狀態。

若要表達「大量的垃圾」,通常會說 massive amounts of garbage;本句的 festering garbage 著重於垃圾的腐敗與污染性,因此不選。

(B) thriving

thriving 意為「興盛的、蓬勃發展的、欣欣向榮的」,通常用於企業、經濟、社群或生物族群,不適合修飾會釋放毒素的垃圾。

語意上,垃圾不可能是「蓬勃發展的」,故錯誤。

(C) venomous

venomous 意為「有毒的」,通常形容能以咬、刺等方式注入毒液的動物,例如 venomous snakes(毒蛇)。

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第 45 題

【題組共用題幹】

In India’s capital, new housing sprawls as far as the eye can see, a symbol of the world’s fastest growing major economy. There also are towering symbols of the environmental cost of all this. Ghazipur, one of the city’s landfills, more than 10 stories high, an accumulation by now of more than 10 million tons of waste, is one of the biggest problems in India now. Trucks are bringing in an additional 2,000 tons of unsorted garbage here every day.

The trash problem is now a crisis at many levels. First, India is on the ____ zone, so if there is an earthquake, the mound of trash would slide down. Even without an earthquake, festering garbage would spew toxins into the air while a stew of heavy metals and organic and inorganic pollutants washes into the soil when it rains.

Now a company, contracted by Indian government, attempts to tackle this crisis by a power plant to convert waste to energy, sent to the electric grid. However, this is not the first attempt at creating energy from waste. Previous ones haven’t worked, according to environmental activists, because of the inability to sort and segregate the waste which is then used for incineration. If the trash isn’t sorted properly, you may have both very toxic emissions that come out of the plant and fuel of very poor quality that is generated. The proper segregation of the trash fails because in a caste society like India, waste has been the domain of people on the lowest rung of the age-old social hierarchy, not the middle classes who generate most of it.

Which of the underlined words in the following sentences has the similar meaning of the word “incineration” in the third paragraph?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考英文單字的語意辨識,核心字為第三段的 incineration。

  • incineration:焚燒、焚化,特別指以火焚燒廢棄物。
  • 其核心概念是以燃燒方式處理垃圾,使垃圾受到火焰破壞,通常涉及高溫氧化反應。

題幹定位句為:

Previous ones haven’t worked, according to environmental activists, because of the inability to sort and segregate the waste which is then used for incineration.

翻譯為:

根據環保人士的說法,先前的計畫並未成功,因為垃圾無法被分類與分隔,而這些垃圾之後會被拿來焚化。

因此,答案必須選擇與「燃燒、以火破壞」意義相近的字。

解題方法

先判斷 incineration 的詞性與語意:

  • incineration 是名詞,意思是「焚燒、焚化」。
  • 題目選項中,最直接相關的是表示「燃燒」的 combustion,以及表示「用火燒灼、燒焦」的 scorch。
  • scorch 雖然通常作動詞,強調火焰灼燒表面或造成嚴重燒毀,但官方釋疑指出其「以火焰燒灼」及「藉由火焰完全摧毀」的語意,與焚燒廢棄物相近,因此 B、C 皆可接受。

選項分析

(A) simmer

Add the ingredients from your favorite recipe, boil for a few minutes, and then turn the heat down to simmer all day.

simmer 指「用小火慢煮、燉煮」,是液體接近沸騰但不劇烈沸騰的烹調方式。

它涉及加熱,但不是以火焚燒或焚化物品,與 incineration 的「燃燒垃圾」不同,因此錯誤。

(B) scorch

The Florida Forest Service says more than 100 active wildfires scorch part of Florida, urging Governor Rick Scott to declare a state of em

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第 46 題

Almost 2 billion people lack access to essential medicines. This deprivation causes immense and avoidable suffering: ill health, pain, fear, loss of dignity and life. Improving access to existing medicines could save 10 million lives each year, 4 million of them in Africa and South-East Asia. Besides deprivation, gross inequity in access to medicines remains the overriding feature of the world pharmaceutical situation. Average per capita spending on medicines in high income countries is 100 times higher than in low-income countries: about US400comparedwithUS 400 compared with US 4. WHO estimates that 15 percent of the world’s population consumes over 90 percent of the world’s production of pharmaceuticals. Especially, national supply systems for medicines often do not reach those living in poverty.

The human right to health means that everyone has the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, which includes access to all medical services, sanitation, adequate food, decent housing, healthy working conditions, and a clean environment. The human right to health guarantees a system of health protection for all. Everyone has the right to the health care they need and to living conditions that enable us to be healthy, such as adequate food, housing, and a healthy environment.

Existing national and international policies, rules and institutions give rise to these massive deprivations and inequalities. Our current goals include reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, and combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases in the world.

Which is the most appropriate title of this essay?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是「閱讀測驗主旨判斷」,重點在於辨認文章反覆討論的核心概念,而不是只抓某一個細節。

全文主旨可整理如下:

  1. 全球仍有大量人口無法取得基本藥物,造成疾病、痛苦與死亡。
  2. 各國在藥物與醫療資源的取得上存在嚴重不平等。
  3. 「健康權」不只包括治療疾病,也包括醫療服務、衛生、食物、住房、工作環境與清潔環境。
  4. 國家與國際政策應保障所有人的健康權,並改善兒童死亡、孕產婦健康及傳染病等問題。

因此,文章核心是「健康是一項人人都應享有的人權,以及與醫療照護相關的保障」,最適合的標題為 Human Right to Health and Health Care。


定位答案的關鍵句

第二段直接給出健康權的定義:

The human right to health means that everyone has the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, which includes access to all medical services, sanitation, adequate food, decent housing, healthy working conditions, and a clean environment.

翻譯:

健康人權意指每個人都有權享有其所能達到的最高標準之身心健康;這包括取得所有醫療服務、衛生設施、充足食物、適當住房、健康工作條件及清潔環境的權利。

接著文章又說:

The human right to health guarantees a system of health protection for all.

翻譯:

健康人權保障一套適用於所有人的健康保護制度。

這兩句明確界定文章主題。文章不是只談藥物,也不是只談環境,而是在說明「健康權」的內容與保障。


關鍵單字與片語

  • lack access to:缺乏取得……的管道
  • essential medicines:基本藥物、必要藥品
  • deprivation:匱乏、剝奪
  • immense and avoidable suffering:巨大且可以避免的痛苦
  • ill health:健康不良、疾病
  • loss of dignity and life:尊嚴與生命的喪失
  • inequity:不公平、不平等
  • pharmaceutical situation:藥品整體情勢
  • per capita:每人、按人均計算
  • high-income countries:高收入國家
  • low-income countries:低收入國家
  • consume:消耗、使用
  • pharmaceuticals:藥品、製藥產品
  • national supply systems:國家供應系統
  • reach those living in poverty:涵蓋貧困人口
  • human right to health:健康人權
  • the highest attainable standard:所能達到的最高標準
  • physical and mental health:身心健康
  • sanitation:衛生設施、環境衛生
  • decent housing:適當的居住條件
  • healthy working conditions:健康的工作條件
  • health protection:健康保障
  • give rise to:造成、導致
  • massive deprivations and inequalities:大規模的匱乏與不平等
  • combat:對抗、防治
  • maternal health:孕產婦健康

文法與語意重點

  1. means that + 子句

The human right to health means that everyone has the right...

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第 47 題

【題組共用題幹】

Almost 2 billion people lack access to essential medicines. This deprivation causes immense and avoidable suffering: ill health, pain, fear, loss of dignity and life. Improving access to existing medicines could save 10 million lives each year, 4 million of them in Africa and South-East Asia. Besides deprivation, gross inequity in access to medicines remains the overriding feature of the world pharmaceutical situation. Average per capita spending on medicines in high income countries is 100 times higher than in low-income countries: about US400comparedwithUS 400 compared with US 4. WHO estimates that 15 percent of the world’s population consumes over 90 percent of the world’s production of pharmaceuticals. Especially, national supply systems for medicines often do not reach those living in poverty.

The human right to health means that everyone has the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, which includes access to all medical services, sanitation, adequate food, decent housing, healthy working conditions, and a clean environment. The human right to health guarantees a system of health protection for all. Everyone has the right to the health care they need and to living conditions that enable us to be healthy, such as adequate food, housing, and a healthy environment.

Existing national and international policies, rules and institutions give rise to these massive deprivations and inequalities. Our current goals include reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, and combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases in the world.

According to the essay, what is the cause of inequalities of medicine and public care?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨定位」與「因果關係判斷」。題目詢問造成藥品與公共醫療照護不平等的原因,答案必須直接依據文章明確陳述,不可只依常識推測。

文章指出,全球藥品取得情況最突出的問題,是不同國家與族群之間在藥品取得上的嚴重不平等:

“Besides deprivation, gross inequity in access to medicines remains the overriding feature of the world pharmaceutical situation.”

翻譯:「除了藥品匱乏之外,取得藥品方面的嚴重不平等,仍然是全球藥品情勢最主要的特徵。」

其中:

  • deprivation:匱乏、被剝奪
  • gross:嚴重的、極大的
  • inequity:不公平、不平等
  • access to medicines:取得藥品的機會
  • overriding feature:最主要的特徵、壓倒性的特徵
  • pharmaceutical situation:藥品/製藥情勢

解題方法

先找題目關鍵字:

  • inequalities:不平等
  • medicine:藥品
  • public care:公共照護

再回文章尋找與「不平等」直接相關的句子。文章明確使用 gross inequity 說明全球藥品取得的不平等,後文並以高收入國家與低收入國家的藥品支出差距作為例證:

“Average per capita spending on medicines in high income countries is 100 times higher than in low-income countries: about US$ 400 compared with US$ 4.”

翻譯:「高收入國家平均每人藥品支出是低收入國家的 100 倍:約為 400 美元,相較於 4 美元。」

因此,文章所指的根本問題就是藥品取得上的 gross inequity。

選項分析

(A) Gross inequity(嚴重不平等)

正確。文章直接指出:

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第 48 題

【題組共用題幹】

Almost 2 billion people lack access to essential medicines. This deprivation causes immense and avoidable suffering: ill health, pain, fear, loss of dignity and life. Improving access to existing medicines could save 10 million lives each year, 4 million of them in Africa and South-East Asia. Besides deprivation, gross inequity in access to medicines remains the overriding feature of the world pharmaceutical situation. Average per capita spending on medicines in high income countries is 100 times higher than in low-income countries: about US400comparedwithUS 400 compared with US 4. WHO estimates that 15 percent of the world’s population consumes over 90 percent of the world’s production of pharmaceuticals. Especially, national supply systems for medicines often do not reach those living in poverty.

The human right to health means that everyone has the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, which includes access to all medical services, sanitation, adequate food, decent housing, healthy working conditions, and a clean environment. The human right to health guarantees a system of health protection for all. Everyone has the right to the health care they need and to living conditions that enable us to be healthy, such as adequate food, housing, and a healthy environment.

Existing national and international policies, rules and institutions give rise to these massive deprivations and inequalities. Our current goals include reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, and combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases in the world.

WHO estimates that 15 percent of the world’s population consumes over 90 percent of the world’s production of pharmaceuticals. What is the implication of this sentence?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀中的「句意推論」與「因果關係判讀」。

關鍵數據是:

  • 全世界人口中僅有 15% 的人,使用全球 90%以上 的藥品產量。
  • 這表示藥品資源高度集中在少數人口,並未平均分配。
  • 低收入國家與貧困人口取得藥物及醫療照護的機會相對不足,因此形成醫療資源不平等。

題目不是要求解釋藥品價格,也不是詢問特定地區的醫療情況,而是要判斷這項數據所呈現的社會意義。

定位答案的原文

WHO estimates that 15 percent of the world’s population consumes over 90 percent of the world’s production of pharmaceuticals.

翻譯:

世界衛生組織估計,全球人口中有 15% 的人消耗了全世界 90%以上的藥品產量。

文章前文也明確指出:

Especially, national supply systems for medicines often do not reach those living in poverty.

翻譯:

特別是,各國的藥品供應系統往往無法涵蓋生活貧困的人口。

兩句合併理解可知:少數人口使用大部分藥品,而貧困地區及低收入人口難以獲得足夠的藥物與醫療照護。因此答案為 (D)。

解題方法

先抓住數字對比:

15% 的人口⟶90% 以上的藥品15\% \text{ 的人口} \longrightarrow 90\% \text{ 以上的藥品}

這代表藥品消費分布極不平均。若少數人口已使用大部分藥品,其他人口能取得的藥品資源自然相對有限;再配合文章提到的 poverty、low-income countries 及 supply systems do not reach,可推論開發程度較低或貧困地區的人較難獲得醫療照護。

關鍵字與片語:

  • estimate:估計
  • consume:消耗、使用
  • over 90 percent:超過 90%
  • production of pharmaceuticals:藥品的生產量
  • access to medicines:取得藥物的機會
  • healthcare:醫療照護
  • under-developed places:開發程度較低的地區
  • health disparities:健康差距、醫療健康不平等
  • unaffordable:負擔不起的
  • socioeconomic:社會經濟的

文法與語意重點:

  • WHO estimates that... 是「主詞 + 動詞 + that 名詞子句」結構,that 後面的完整句子是 estimates 的受詞。
  • 15 percent of the world’s population consumes... 的主詞核心為不可數名詞 population,因此動詞使用單數形 consumes。
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第 49 題

【共用題幹】
Almost 2 billion people lack access to essential medicines. This deprivation causes immense and avoidable suffering: ill
health, pain, fear, loss of dignity and life. Improving access to existing medicines could save 10 million lives each year, 4
million of them in Africa and South-East Asia. Besides deprivation, gross inequity in access to medicines remains the
overriding feature of the world pharmaceutical situation. Average per capita spending on medicines in high income countries is
100 times higher than in low-income countries: about US400comparedwithUS 400 compared with US 4. WHO estimates that 15 percent of the
world’s population consumes over 90 percent of the world’s production of pharmaceuticals. Especially, national supply systems
for medicines often do not reach those living in poverty.
The human right to health means that everyone has the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental
health, which includes access to all medical services, sanitation, adequate food, decent housing, healthy working conditions,
and a clean environment. The human right to health guarantees a system of health protection for all. Everyone has the right to
the health care they need and to living conditions that enable us to be healthy, such as adequate food, housing, and a healthy
environment.
Existing national and international policies, rules and institutions give rise to these massive deprivations and inequalities.
Our current goals include reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, and combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other
diseases in the world.

The human right to health means that everyone has the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental
health. What is NOT considered as the example of attainable physical and mental health?

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這一題的完整詳解

【答案】A

解題依據

題目問哪一項沒有被列作可達成身心健康的例子。共用段落明列醫療服務、衛生、足夠食物、住房、健康工作條件與清潔環境;運動機會未在這份列舉中。

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第 50 題

【共用題幹】
Almost 2 billion people lack access to essential medicines. This deprivation causes immense and avoidable suffering: ill
health, pain, fear, loss of dignity and life. Improving access to existing medicines could save 10 million lives each year, 4
million of them in Africa and South-East Asia. Besides deprivation, gross inequity in access to medicines remains the
overriding feature of the world pharmaceutical situation. Average per capita spending on medicines in high income countries is
100 times higher than in low-income countries: about US400comparedwithUS 400 compared with US 4. WHO estimates that 15 percent of the
world’s population consumes over 90 percent of the world’s production of pharmaceuticals. Especially, national supply systems
for medicines often do not reach those living in poverty.

  The human right to health means that everyone has the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental

health, which includes access to all medical services, sanitation, adequate food, decent housing, healthy working conditions,
and a clean environment. The human right to health guarantees a system of health protection for all. Everyone has the right to
the health care they need and to living conditions that enable us to be healthy, such as adequate food, housing, and a healthy
environment.

  Existing national and international policies, rules and institutions give rise to these massive deprivations and inequalities.

Our current goals include reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, and combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other
diseases in the world.

Which statement is true?

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這一題的完整詳解

【答案】E

解題依據

共用段落開頭明說近二十億人缺乏基本藥物,這種 deprivation 造成可避免的嚴重痛苦;E 準確重述此因果。

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其他考古題

106 年高雄醫學大學的其他科目

高雄醫學大學《英文》其他年度

其他學校的《英文》