高雄醫學大學 109 年 《英文》
第 1 題1 分
The collapse of the company was described as the greatest financial debacle in US history.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與語境判斷,關鍵在於辨認名詞 debacle 與各選項的語意。
題幹中的 financial debacle 指「金融上的慘敗、徹底失敗」,因此需選擇同樣表示「慘敗、完全失敗」的字。
題幹定位與翻譯
The collapse of the company was described as the greatest financial debacle in US history.
翻譯:
「這家公司的倒閉被形容為美國歷史上最嚴重的金融慘敗。」
其中:
- collapse:崩潰;倒閉
- be described as:被描述為;被形容為
- financial debacle:金融慘敗;金融災難
- debacle:徹底失敗;慘敗;失敗局面
題幹以 the greatest financial debacle 描述公司倒閉,語意明確指「極其嚴重的失敗事件」。
解題方法
先判斷空格所需的詞性。句型為:
describe A as B
將 A 描述為 B
因此空格需填入名詞,且必須能與 financial 搭配,表示「金融上的重大失敗」。
選項中只有 fiasco 表示「慘敗、徹底失敗」,與 debacle 意義最接近,故選 (D)。
選項分析
(A) asylum
asylum 是名詞,意為:
- 庇護
- 避難所
- 政治庇護
例如:
seek political asylum
尋求政治庇護
它與「公司倒閉」及「金融慘敗」沒有語意關聯,因此不合題意。
(B) carnage
carnage 是名詞,意為:
- 大屠殺
- 殘殺
- 大量人員死亡所造成的慘狀
此字通常與戰爭、暴力、屠殺或重大死傷有關。公司倒閉雖然是嚴重的經濟事件,但不是「屠殺」,因此不能填入:
the greatest financial carnage
這樣的搭配不符合題幹語意。校方釋疑所提「屠殺」即是 carnage 的一般字義,與題幹要表達的「徹底失敗」不同。
第 2 題1 分
This serial killer has not been caught and thus become a public menace to our community.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與「語境判斷」,重點在於分辨字尾相同的抽象名詞:
- intimidation:恐嚇、威嚇;使人感到害怕或受到壓迫
- initiation:開始;入會儀式;入門
- intimacy:親密、親近
- implantation:植入;移植
- immersion:浸泡;沉浸、專心投入
題幹描述連續殺人犯尚未被捕,因而對社區居民造成恐懼與威脅,因此官方答案選 intimidation。
解題方法
定位題幹關鍵語句:
This serial killer has not been caught and thus become a public menace to our community.
這名連續殺人犯尚未被捕,因此已成為我們社區的大眾威脅。
其中 public menace 指「對大眾造成威脅的人或事物」。連續殺人犯尚未落網,會使社區居民感到害怕,形成 intimidation 的語意。
此外,題幹中的 thus 是「因此、所以」,表示前後因果:
- has not been caught:尚未被捕
- thus:因此
- become a public menace:成為公共威脅
選項分析
(A) initiation
意為「開始、創始;入會儀式;入門」。例如:
- the initiation of a new project:新計畫的開始
- an initiation ceremony:入會儀式
與連續殺人犯造成社區恐懼的語境無關,錯誤。
(B) intimidation
意為「恐嚇、威嚇、使人害怕」。連續殺人犯尚未被捕,會對社區居民造成心理壓力與恐懼,與題幹的 public menace 最接近。
因此依官方公布答案,選 (B) intimidation。
(C) intimacy
意為「親密、親近、親密關係」,可用來描述人際關係或情感上的接近,例如:
- emotional intimacy:情感上的親密
- a relationship based on intimacy:建立在親密關係上的關係
連續殺人犯不會因未被捕而與社區產生「親密」,語意完全不合。
第 3 題1 分
Neurosurgeons have to be very meticulous in everything they do because even a tiny error can cause an irrevocable result.
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核心觀念
本題考查「同義字辨識」與字義判讀。題幹中的關鍵字是 meticulous,意思是「極其仔細的、細心周密的、一絲不苟的」。神經外科醫師的任何微小錯誤都可能造成不可逆的結果,因此必須做事非常仔細。
題幹定位與翻譯
Neurosurgeons have to be very meticulous in everything they do because even a tiny error can cause an irrevocable result.
翻譯:神經外科醫師做任何事情都必須非常一絲不苟,因為即使是極小的錯誤,也可能造成不可挽回的結果。
其中:
- neurosurgeon:神經外科醫師
- have to:必須
- meticulous:一絲不苟的、極其仔細的
- in everything they do:在他們所做的每一件事上
- tiny error:微小的錯誤
- irrevocable:不可撤銷的、不可挽回的、不可逆的
- cause:造成、導致
解題方法
先判斷題目要求與 meticulous 意義最接近的選項,再將各選項代入語境判斷。
句型為:
have to be + 形容詞
選項皆為形容詞,因此文法形式均可接在此處;真正的判斷關鍵在於語意。題幹強調神經外科醫師必須「非常仔細」,所以應選擇表示細心、講究細節的形容詞。
選項分析
(A) rebellious
- 字義:反抗的、叛逆的
- 常用於形容不服從規範或權威的人。
- 例:a rebellious teenager(叛逆的青少年)
- 「反抗」與神經外科醫師需要細心工作的語境無關,因此錯誤。
(B) malicious
- 字義:惡意的、蓄意傷人的
- 指行為或意圖帶有傷害他人的惡意。
- 例:malicious rumors(惡意謠言)
- 題幹並未描述醫師具有惡意,而是強調工作必須謹慎細心,因此錯誤。
(C) indignant
第 4 題1 分
Reading this book will help you acquire a lot of knowledge and even become a more erudite person.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「上下文語意」。關鍵字是 erudite,其基本意思為「博學的、知識淵博的」。題幹先說閱讀本書能獲得大量知識,接著說甚至能成為更有學問的人,因此空格或考點應選與「知識淵博」語意最接近的字。
題幹關鍵句:
Reading this book will help you acquire a lot of knowledge and even become a more erudite person.
閱讀這本書將幫助你獲得大量知識,甚至成為一個更加博學的人。
其中:
- acquire knowledge:獲得知識
- even:甚至
- erudite:博學的、學識淵博的
- person:人
- a more + 形容詞 + person:一個更加……的人
校方釋疑指出,本題語境中的目標意義是「知識淵博的」,選項中僅 sagacious 被列為符合此方向的答案,因此官方答案為 E。
解題方法
先利用題幹的語意線索判斷:
所以答案必須描述一個人「有學問、具有智慧或見識」的狀態。
再逐一排除:
- 不是描述欺騙或虛張聲勢的字。
- 不是描述喜悅情緒的字。
- 不是單純描述努力勤奮的字。
- 不是描述個性合得來或令人愉快的字。
- 應選與「博學、睿智、有判斷力」最接近的字。
因此選 sagacious。
選項分析
(A) bluffing
bluffing 意為「虛張聲勢的、唬人的;欺騙、吹噓」。
例如:
- He was bluffing when he said he knew the answer.
他說自己知道答案時是在虛張聲勢。
此字與「獲得知識、成為博學的人」無關,不能修飾因閱讀而增加知識的人,故錯誤。
(B) exulting
exulting 意為「歡欣鼓舞的、極度喜悅的」。
例如:
- The exulting fans celebrated the victory.
欣喜若狂的球迷慶祝勝利。
它描述的是情緒高昂,而非學識或智慧。閱讀書籍雖然可能令人高興,但題幹明確聚焦於「獲得大量知識」,故不合語意。
(C) assiduous
assiduous 意為「勤勉的、刻苦的、孜孜不倦的」。
第 5 題1 分
When health authorities have attempted to do so, there has been immediate and vociferous opposition, forcing a rapid reversal of policy.
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核心觀念
本題考的是字義辨析,重點字為 vociferous,以及選項中與其語意最接近的字。
- vociferous:大聲疾呼的、喧嚷的、強烈表達意見的
- opposition:反對、反對勢力
- immediate:立即的
- forcing:迫使、造成
- reversal of policy:政策的逆轉、政策撤回
句中 vociferous opposition 指「大聲疾呼、強烈而喧嚷的反對聲浪」。選項中與此意義最接近的是 strident。
解題方法
先定位關鍵語意:
there has been immediate and vociferous opposition
翻譯為:
隨即出現強烈而喧嚷的反對聲浪。
其中 vociferous 修飾 opposition,表示反對聲音非常大、表達非常激烈。接著比對選項:
- 能表示「聲音強烈、刺耳、喧嚷」者,符合語境。
- 表示「模稜兩可」「即將發生」「互補」「真正的」者,皆無法描述反對聲浪的強烈與喧鬧。
因此答案為 (D) strident。
文法與語意重點
句型可拆解如下:
When health authorities have attempted to do so,
there has been immediate and vociferous opposition,
forcing a rapid reversal of policy.
- When health authorities have attempted to do so
- health authorities:衛生主管機關
- have attempted:現在完成式,表示「曾經試圖」
- do so:代替前文提及的動作,意為「那樣做」
- there has been immediate and vociferous opposition
- there has been 是存在句型,表示「有……出現」。
- immediate and vociferous 並列修飾 opposition。
- vociferous opposition 是本題的語意核心,指「大聲疾呼、喧嚷而強烈的反對」。
- forcing a rapid reversal of policy
這是現在分詞片語,表示前面事件造成的結果:
迫使政策迅速逆轉。
全句翻譯:
當衛生主管機關曾試圖那樣做時,便立即遭到大聲疾呼且強烈的反對,迫使政策迅速撤回。
選項分析
(A) equivocal
equivocal 意為「模稜兩可的、含糊其辭的、不明確的」。
第 6 題1 分
The benevolence of the entrepreneurs was shown by their generous contributions to charity.
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核心觀念
本題考「同義字辨析」以及字義與語境的搭配。題幹中的 benevolence 是名詞,表示「仁慈、善意、慈善心」,尤其指願意幫助他人的善良心性。
句中提到 entrepreneurs(企業家)對 charity(慈善事業)有 generous contributions(慷慨捐款),強調的是「實際行善、捐助慈善」的行為,因此最接近 beneficence,意為「行善、慈善行為、公益捐助」。
解題方法
定位題幹關鍵語句:
The benevolence of the entrepreneurs was shown by their generous contributions to charity.
企業家的仁慈,展現在他們對慈善事業的慷慨捐款上。
由 generous contributions to charity 可知,題幹不是單純描述內在的善意,而是指透過捐款表現出的「行善行為」。因此:
- benevolence:仁慈、善意,偏重善良的心意或態度。
- beneficence:行善、慈善行為,偏重實際造福他人的行動。
本題要求找出與 benevolence 意義最接近的字,且語境明確圍繞慈善捐助,故依官方答案選 beneficence。
文法與語意重點
句型為:
意思是「A 的仁慈透過 B 表現出來」。
- benevolence 是不可數抽象名詞,作主詞。
- of the entrepreneurs 修飾 benevolence,表示「企業家的仁慈」。
- was shown by 表示「由……顯示/展現」。
- contributions to charity 表示「對慈善事業的捐款」。
- generous 修飾 contributions,表示「慷慨的」。
選項分析
(A) betrothal
意為「訂婚、婚約」,指結婚前的正式承諾,與慈善、仁慈或捐款無關。
例:Their betrothal was announced last month.
「他們的婚約於上個月公布。」
第 7 題1 分
The simple answer is that history shows mankind toyed with the idea of using biological agents for the annihilation of a vast number of people.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 同義字辨識:判斷哪個選項與 annihilation 語意最接近。
- 語境判斷:依據「使用生物製劑,使大量人類遭到毀滅」的語意選字。
- 固定搭配與名詞用法:
the eradication of + 人/疾病/問題 表示「消滅、根除……」。
題幹中的關鍵語意是「讓大量人口遭到完全毀滅」,因此空格應填入表示「根除、消滅」的名詞。
定位答案的原文與翻譯
The simple answer is that history shows mankind toyed with the idea of using biological agents for the annihilation of a vast number of people.
翻譯:
簡單的答案是,歷史顯示人類曾玩弄過使用生物製劑來消滅大量人口的想法。
其中:
- biological agents:生物製劑、生物性武器
- annihilation:完全毀滅、殲滅
- a vast number of people:大量的人
- toy with the idea of ...:把……的想法當作兒戲;曾考慮過……但未必認真實行
若將選項代入,最合理的搭配是:
biological agents for the eradication of a vast number of people
意思是:
使用生物製劑來消滅大量人口。
解題方法
先抓住 annihilation。這個字表示「徹底毀滅、殲滅」,程度非常強,且後面接的是 a vast number of people,語境明顯與大規模殺戮或滅絕有關。
再觀察選項:
- eradication 表示「根除、消滅、徹底清除」。
- 其餘選項皆不具「毀滅大量人口」的語意。
因此,與 annihilation 意義最接近的是 eradication。
句型方面:
for + 名詞
在此表示目的,等同於「為了……」。
for the eradication of people 即「為了消滅人類」。
選項分析
(A) enchantment
enchantment 的意思是「魔法、魅力、陶醉、著迷」。
例如:
The child listened to the story with enchantment.
那個孩子著迷地聽著故事。
此字與「毀滅大量人口」毫無關聯,不能與 a vast number of people 構成合理語意,因此錯誤。
(B) equilibrium
第 8 題1 分
The capricious nature of the virus has profoundly prolonged the development of the vaccine.
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核心觀念
本題考查同義字辨識與語意搭配。
- capricious:反覆無常的、變幻莫測的、任性的
- mercurial:善變的、反覆無常的、情緒不穩定的
兩者皆可描述人、情緒、事物或情勢缺乏穩定性、難以預測,因此在本句中形成最恰當的同義替換。
題幹定位與翻譯
The capricious nature of the virus has profoundly prolonged the development of the vaccine.
翻譯:
「這種病毒反覆無常、難以預測的特性,大幅延長了疫苗的研發時間。」
句中 capricious 修飾 nature,說明病毒的特性變化多端,使疫苗研發更加困難、耗時。能與此語意完全相符的選項是 mercurial。
解題方法
先判斷 capricious 在句中的語意:
- 主詞是「病毒的特性」。
- 後半句提到這種特性使疫苗研發時間「大幅延長」。
- 因此,空格所需的形容詞應具有「變化不定、難以預測」的意思。
mercurial正是「善變的、反覆無常的」,可直接替換capricious。
句意可改寫為:
The mercurial nature of the virus has profoundly prolonged the development of the vaccine.
「這種病毒善變、難以預測的特性,大幅延長了疫苗的研發時間。」
選項分析
(A) mercurial
意為「善變的、反覆無常的、情緒變化不定的」。
capricious 與 mercurial 都表示缺乏穩定性、難以預料,放入 the mercurial nature of the virus 後,語意通順且符合上下文。
正確。
(B) notable
意為「值得注意的、顯著的、著名的」。
the notable nature of the virus 只能表示病毒的特性很值得注意,沒有「反覆變化、難以預測」的意思,無法合理解釋為何會延長疫苗研發時間。
錯誤。
(C) prospective
第 9 題1 分
Thanks to a series of serendipitous scientific discoveries, we are now enjoying the comfort of modern technology.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與語境判斷,核心在於理解 serendipitous 的意思。
- serendipitous:機緣湊巧的、意外而幸運的
- scientific discoveries:科學發現
- Thanks to:多虧、由於
- modern technology:現代科技
題幹中的 serendipitous scientific discoveries 是指「機緣湊巧而產生的科學發現」,因此正確選項必須具有「偶然且幸運」的語意。
解題方法
定位關鍵片語:
Thanks to a series of serendipitous scientific discoveries, we are now enjoying the comfort of modern technology.
多虧一連串機緣湊巧的科學發現,我們如今得以享受現代科技帶來的便利。
句意表示:人類因為一連串意外、湊巧且帶來正面結果的科學發現,才享有現代科技的舒適與便利。
選項中只有 fortuitous 可表示「偶然發生且帶來幸運結果的、機緣湊巧的」,與 serendipitous 的語意相符。
選項分析
(A) egregious
意為「極其惡劣的、非常嚴重的、離譜的」,通常用來形容明顯而嚴重的錯誤或不當行為,例如:
- an egregious error:極其嚴重的錯誤
- egregious misconduct:惡劣的不當行為
「極其惡劣的科學發現」與句中帶來現代科技便利的正面語意不合,因此錯誤。
(B) fortuitous
意為「偶然發生的、幸運的、機緣湊巧的」。
fortuitous scientific discoveries 可理解為「機緣湊巧的科學發現」,符合校方釋疑所指出的「機緣湊巧的」之意,也與 serendipitous 的語意一致,因此正確。
(C) insidious
第 10 題1 分
Abstention from smoking and drinking alcohol is conducive to a healthy body.
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核心觀念
本題考「近義字辨識」與字義搭配。
題幹中的 abstention 是名詞,指「戒除、 abstain from 某事」,也就是自願避免或停止某種行為。句中談的是「不抽菸、不喝酒」對健康的益處,因此答案必須具有「克制、節制、不做某事」的語意。
關鍵片語如下:
- abstention from smoking and drinking alcohol:戒菸與戒酒
- be conducive to:有助於、促進
- a healthy body:健康的身體
解題方法
先找出題幹對 abstention 的語意定義:
Abstention from smoking and drinking alcohol is conducive to a healthy body.
戒除抽菸與飲酒有助於擁有健康的身體。
句意明確表示:為了健康而「克制自己,不從事抽菸與飲酒」的行為。因此應選擇表示「自我克制、節制、避免某行為」的字。
forbearance 可作「克制、忍耐、自我約束」,與 abstention 在本句中的核心概念最接近,故選 (C)。
選項分析
(A) Dissidence
- 中文:異議、反對意見;反抗
- 指對官方立場、權威或主流意見表示不同意。
- 例:political dissidence(政治異議)
- 與「戒菸、戒酒」的自我克制無關,不能替代 abstention。
(B) Obstinacy
- 中文:頑固、固執
- 指不願改變想法或態度,即使他人勸說也堅持己見。
- 例:His obstinacy made cooperation difficult.(他的固執使合作變得困難。)
- 題幹強調的是避免不健康行為,不是固執,因此語意不合。
(C) Forbearance
- 中文:克制、忍耐、自我約束;寬容
- 可表示抑制自己不採取某種行動,與 abstention 的「戒除、避免」概念相近。
- 放入題意後可理解為:對抽菸與飲酒保持克制,有助於身體健康。
- 因此為官方公布答案。
(D) Presentiment
第 11 題1 分
This was an educational and _____ speech to remind us of the importance of environment preservation.
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核心觀念
本題考「形容詞的語意辨識」與「上下文判斷」。
句型為:
This was an educational and _____ speech to remind us of the importance of environment preservation.
空格與 educational 並列,共同修飾名詞 speech。因此,空格應填入一個能正面描述演講、且符合語意的形容詞。
關鍵單字與片語
- educational:教育性的;有教育意義的
- stimulating:啟發性的;引發思考的;令人興奮的
- speech:演講;演說
- remind A of B:提醒 A 注意 B
- importance:重要性
- environment preservation:環境保育;環境保存
較自然的英文表達為 environmental preservation 或 environmental conservation,但不影響本題答案判斷。
解題方法
定位關鍵語意:
This was an educational and _____ speech to remind us of the importance of environment preservation.
這是一場具有教育意義且能啟發思考的演講,用來提醒我們環境保育的重要性。
演講的目的在於提醒人們重視環境保育,因此與 educational 並列的形容詞,應具有正面、積極的語意。stimulating 表示「能引發思考、帶來啟發」,與教育性的演講搭配自然。
句中 and 連接兩個形容詞:
兩者共同描述這場演講的性質,語意完整且通順。
選項分析
(A) castrating
意為「閹割的;使失去男性氣概或力量的」。此字通常用於生物處置或比喻削弱某人的權力、力量,與「具有教育意義的演講」無關。
an educational and castrating speech
第 12 題1 分
This program was highly _____ and won the best TV show in 1995.
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核心觀念
本題考「形容詞搭配」與「語意判斷」。
句型為:
This program was highly _____ and won the best TV show in 1995.
其中 was highly _____ 是「be 動詞 + 過去分詞作形容詞」的結構。highly 意為「高度地、非常」,通常搭配表示正面評價的形容詞或過去分詞,例如:
- highly acclaimed:廣受好評的
- highly recommended:非常推薦的
- highly respected:備受尊敬的
acclaimed 源自動詞 acclaim,意為「稱讚、讚揚」,因此 highly acclaimed 表示「受到高度讚揚、廣受好評」。
解題方法
先觀察後半句:
won the best TV show in 1995
在 1995 年贏得最佳電視節目
能夠「贏得最佳電視節目」的節目,通常應該是先受到觀眾或評論家的高度肯定。因此空格需要填入帶有「廣受讚賞」正面語意的字。
完整句意為:
This program was highly acclaimed and won the best TV show in 1995.
這個節目廣受好評,並在 1995 年贏得最佳電視節目獎。
highly acclaimed 是非常自然且固定的搭配,與後面的獲獎結果也形成合理的語意連貫,因此選 (A)。
選項分析
(A) acclaimed — 正確
acclaim 是「讚揚、喝采、給予高度評價」;acclaimed 作形容詞時,意為「廣受好評的、備受讚揚的」。
highly acclaimed 是常見搭配,意為「廣受高度好評的」。
This program was highly acclaimed.
這個節目廣受好評。
與後面的 won the best TV show 互相呼應,語意最合理。
(B) disclaimed — 錯誤
disclaim 意為「否認、拒絕承認;聲明不負責任」。disclaimed 可表示「被否認的」或「被聲明不承擔責任的」。
例如:
The company disclaimed responsibility for the accident.
該公司否認對這起事故負責。
highly disclaimed 並不是自然的英文搭配,且「被高度否認」與節目獲得最佳電視節目獎的語意不符。
第 13 題1 分
Be prepared if there is COVID-19 in your household; for example, consider alternative shopping options, such as ____ pickups or online deliveries.
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核心觀念
本題考「語意判斷」與「固定搭配」。空格位於名詞 pickups 前方,需要填入能修飾購物取貨方式的字,且必須與 COVID-19 防疫情境相符。
curbside pickup 是常見用語,指顧客在線上或電話下單後,不必進入店內,改在店家門口、路邊或指定取貨區領取商品,中文可譯為「路邊取貨」「店外取貨」。
題幹中的 alternative shopping options 表示「替代性的購物方式」,後面以 such as 舉例,列出:
- curbside pickups:路邊取貨
- online deliveries:線上配送
兩者都是降低進入公共場所需求的購物方式,符合防疫目的。
解題方法
先觀察空格後的名詞 pickups,判斷空格需要一個能描述「取貨方式」的修飾語。再將各選項帶入語境,檢查:
- 是否能自然修飾 pickups;
- 是否符合 COVID-19 下的替代購物方式;
- 是否能與 online deliveries 形成語意上的並列。
題幹定位答案的關鍵句為:
consider alternative shopping options, such as ____ pickups or online deliveries.
考慮替代性的購物方式,例如 ____ 取貨或線上配送。
在防疫情境中,最自然的搭配是 curbside pickups,表示「路邊取貨」。完整句意為:
若家中有人感染 COVID-19,請做好準備;例如,考慮替代性的購物方式,如路邊取貨或線上配送。
因此選 (D) curbside。
選項分析
(A) culpable
culpable 是形容詞,意為「應受責備的」「有罪責的」。
例如:
- The company was found culpable for the accident.
該公司被認定應對這起事故負責。
culpable pickups 會變成「應受責備的取貨」,語意與購物方式完全不符,故錯誤。
(B) culinary
culinary 是形容詞,意為「烹飪的」「料理的」「與廚藝有關的」。
例如:
- culinary skills
烹飪技巧 - culinary school
烹飪學校
第 14 題1 分
The effortless freshness and _____ of her singing put her into the front rank of popular and influential singers.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與「語意搭配」。句中空格位於並列結構:
The effortless freshness and _____ of her singing
其中 freshness 與空格共同作為 and 連接的兩個名詞,皆用來描述她歌唱的特色。前面的 effortless(不費力的、自然流暢的)提示後方應填入正面的抽象特質,且須能與歌唱表現搭配。
spontaneity 意為「自發性、自然流露、不造作」,與 effortless freshness 語意相近,因此最符合句意。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
The effortless freshness and spontaneity of her singing put her into the front rank of popular and influential singers.
翻譯:
她歌聲中不費力的清新感與自然流露的特質,使她躋身於受歡迎且具有影響力的歌手第一流之列。
句中 put A into the front rank of B 表示「使 A 躋身於 B 的頂尖行列」。能使歌手進入頂尖行列的,應是歌唱本身所具有的優點或魅力;spontaneity 正是此類正面特質。
解題方法
先判斷詞性:freshness 是名詞,因此空格也應填入名詞,形成:
freshness and spontaneity
再利用語境判斷褒貶與搭配:
effortless表示自然、不勉強。freshness表示清新感。- 後方應接「自然流露、不造作」的正面歌唱特色。
spontaneity恰好符合「自然、自發、不刻意安排」的語意。
完整結構為:
the effortless freshness and spontaneity of her singing
她歌唱中不費力的清新感與自然流露
選項分析
(A) accountability
意為「責任、可問責性、負責任的義務」。此字通常用於工作、管理、法律或組織責任,例如:
corporate accountability
企業問責
第 15 題1 分
When our country was battling to overcome this disaster, an outbreak of cholera further _____ an already grim situation.
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核心觀念
本題考「動詞語意」與「固定搭配」。句中主詞為 an outbreak of cholera,受詞為 an already grim situation,需要填入能表示「使原本已經嚴峻的情況更加惡化」的及物動詞。
關鍵片語:
- further:進一步地、更加
- aggravate:使惡化、使加劇
- grim situation:嚴峻的情況
- outbreak of cholera:霍亂的爆發、疫情爆發
aggravate a situation/problem 是常見搭配,表示「使情勢/問題更加惡化」。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句為:
When our country was battling to overcome this disaster, an outbreak of cholera further _____ an already grim situation.
翻譯:
當我國正努力克服這場災難時,霍亂疫情的爆發進一步使原本已經嚴峻的情勢惡化。
句意顯示,原本的情勢已經很糟,霍亂爆發使情況更加嚴重,因此空格應填入表示「加劇、惡化」的動詞 aggravated。
文法上,句子的主要動詞是過去式,與前面的 was battling 及整體過去情境一致,因此填入 aggravated。完整句為:
an outbreak of cholera further aggravated an already grim situation
其中:
- an outbreak of cholera 是主詞;
- aggravated 是過去式及物動詞;
- an already grim situation 是受詞;
- further 修飾 aggravated,表示「進一步使……惡化」。
選項分析
(A) arraigned
arraign 意為「傳喚出庭;控告;公開指責」,通常用於法律情境,例如:
The suspect was arraigned on charges of fraud.
意思是「嫌疑人因詐欺罪名被傳喚出庭」。
第 16 題1 分
A court-appointed psychiatrist found that the well-to-do person charged with shoplifting was a _____.
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核心觀念
本題考「字根辨識」與「語意判斷」。四個選項皆以 -mania / -phobia 結尾,表示某種強烈、異常的心理傾向或恐懼:
- klepto-:偷竊
- dipso-:酒精
- pyro-:火
- claustro-:幽閉空間
- xeno-:陌生人、外國人
題幹描述一名家境富裕的人因「入店行竊」遭起訴,精神科醫師判定其具有反覆、難以抑制的偷竊衝動,因此答案為 kleptomaniac。
解題方法
先定位題幹中最關鍵的語意線索:
the well-to-do person charged with shoplifting
被控入店行竊的富裕人士
其中:
- well-to-do:富裕的、家境優渥的
- be charged with + V-ing:被控犯有……
- shoplifting:入店行竊、商店扒竊
「家境優渥」表示此人通常沒有經濟上的偷竊動機;再加上題幹特別安排 court-appointed psychiatrist(法院指定的精神科醫師)進行判定,語意指向「無法控制的偷竊衝動」,即 kleptomania。
句型上:
found that the person was a ____
空格位於 was a 之後,應填入可作為「某種人的名詞」,四個以 -maniac 結尾的選項皆符合詞性;真正的判斷關鍵在於字義與上下文。
選項分析
(A) claustrophobic
- claustrophobic:幽閉恐懼的;害怕狹小封閉空間的
- 字根 claustro- 指「封閉空間」。
- 此字描述的是對電梯、狹窄房間等封閉場所的恐懼,與入店行竊無關。
- 因此不符合題幹語意。
(B) dipsomaniac
- dipsomaniac:嗜酒成癮者、酗酒者
- 字根 dipso- 指「酒」。
- 此字指具有強烈、難以控制飲酒衝動的人,與偷竊行為不同。
- 題幹沒有提及酒精或飲酒,因此錯誤。
(C) kleptomaniac
- kleptomaniac:盜竊狂患者、具有強迫性偷竊傾向的人
- 字根 klepto- 指「偷竊」。
- shoplifting 正是偷竊商店商品的行為;
第 17 題1 分
We can gain a market advantage by _____ our network of partners.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與「介系詞 by + 動名詞」的用法。
句型為:
gain a market advantage by + V-ing
藉由做某事取得市場優勢
其中,by 表示「藉由、透過」,後面接動名詞。因此五個選項在文法形式上皆為現在分詞/動名詞形式,真正的判斷關鍵在於語意是否符合句意。
leverage 作動詞時,意為「善加利用、發揮……的效用」,常用於商業、管理與科技語境,例如:
- leverage resources:善用資源
- leverage technology:運用科技優勢
- leverage one’s network:善用某人的人脈或網絡
解題方法
先判斷句子的整體語意:
We can gain a market advantage by _____ our network of partners.
我們可以藉由善用合作夥伴網絡,取得市場優勢。
「合作夥伴網絡」是企業可以運用的資源;「取得市場優勢」也需要透過有效利用資源來達成。因此空格應填入表示「善用、有效運用」的動詞。
leveraging our network of partners 意為「善用我們的合作夥伴網絡」,在商業英文中搭配自然,語意也完整。
題幹定位與翻譯
We can gain a market advantage by leveraging our network of partners.
翻譯:
我們可以藉由善用合作夥伴網絡,取得市場優勢。
句中 by leveraging 表示「藉由善用」,our network of partners 表示「我們的合作夥伴網絡」。
選項分析
(A) admonishing
admonish 意為「告誡、責備、訓誡」,通常指對某人提出嚴正勸告或責備,例如:
- admonish an employee:訓誡員工
- admonish someone for being careless:因某人粗心而責備他
admonishing our network of partners 意為「告誡/責備我們的合作夥伴網絡」。network 是合作關係或資源集合,不是適合被「訓誡」的對象;即使改成 admonishing our partners,也與「取得市場優勢」的正向商業策略不合。因此錯誤。
(B) deviating
deviate 意為「偏離、背離、脫離」,通常搭配 from:
第 18 題1 分
His grandmother is in _____, but she’s still at risk of serious health complications, should she become infected.
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核心觀念
本題考「固定搭配」與「語境判斷」。關鍵片語是:
- be in remission:疾病處於緩解期、病情暫時獲得控制
- be at risk of+名詞/動名詞:有……的風險
- become infected:受到感染、感染疾病
- should+主詞+原形動詞:萬一……、如果……;屬於較正式的條件句倒裝
句中提到祖母目前病情有所緩解,但一旦感染,仍可能出現嚴重健康併發症,因此應填入表示「疾病緩解」的 remission。
解題方法
先觀察空格前的結構:
His grandmother is in _____
英文中 in remission 是醫療語境的固定搭配,表示某種疾病的症狀或活動程度已經減輕,進入緩解期,但不代表疾病已完全痊癒。
再根據後半句判斷:
but she’s still at risk of serious health complications, should she become infected.
其中 but 表示前後語意轉折:祖母的病情雖已緩解,卻仍可能因感染而發生嚴重併發症。這與 in remission 的語意完全吻合。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
His grandmother is in remission, but she’s still at risk of serious health complications, should she become infected.
翻譯為:
他的祖母目前處於病情緩解期,但萬一受到感染,她仍有發生嚴重健康併發症的風險。
文法與語意重點
- in remission
「in+名詞」在此形成固定片語,專門用於疾病狀態。例如:
- The cancer is in remission.
癌症處於緩解期。 - The patient has been in remission for two years.
這名病人已經維持病情緩解兩年。
remission 可指症狀減輕或疾病活動暫時停止,但不等於 cure(治癒)。
- at risk of
at risk of+名詞/動名詞 表示「有……的風險」:
- at risk of complications
有併發症的風險 - at risk of becoming infected
有受到感染的風險
- should she become infected
這是條件句倒裝,原本可寫成:
if she should become infected
倒裝後省略 if,將 should 移至主詞前:
should she become infected
第 19 題1 分
A(n) _____ is someone who feels that the human race is degenerate, detestable, and unsalvageable.
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核心觀念
本題考查「依據英文定義判斷字義」以及字根辨識。
題幹中的關鍵描述是:
someone who feels that the human race is degenerate, detestable, and unsalvageable
認為人類已經墮落、可憎且無可救藥的人
其中,指「憎恨、厭惡人類或人性」的人,稱為 misanthropist,中文可譯為「厭世者、憎恨人類的人」。
解題方法
先抓住題幹的核心對象:
- the human race:人類、人類整體
- degenerate:墮落的、退化的
- detestable:可憎的、令人厭惡的
- unsalvageable:無法挽救的
這些形容詞共同表達對「人類整體」的強烈厭惡與否定,因此答案應為表示「憎恨人類者」的名詞 misanthropist。
字根拆解如下:
- mis-:錯誤、厭惡
- anthrop-:人類
- -ist:從事某種行為或持某種思想的人
因此,misanthropist 就是「憎恨人類的人」。
選項分析
(A) anthropologist
意為「人類學家」。
- anthropo- 表示「人類」
- -logist 表示研究某學科的人
Anthropologist 是研究人類文化、社會、演化或生物特徵的學者,並不表示厭惡人類。因此錯誤。
(B) misanthropist
意為「憎恨人類的人、厭世者」。
此字精確符合題幹所描述的「認為人類墮落、可憎且無可救藥的人」,因此正確。
補充:misanthrope 也是常見的「厭世者、憎恨人類的人」;本題選項使用的是 misanthropist,同樣符合題意。
(C) misogynist
第 20 題1 分
The educational reform that turned out to be successful was firstly considered as entirely _____.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「語意搭配」。句意指出:這項後來證明成功的教育改革,最初被認為是完全「荒謬、不合常理」的。因此空格須填入帶有負面評價、表示荒謬的形容詞。
關鍵結構:
- educational reform:教育改革
- turn out to be successful:結果證明是成功的
- be considered as:被認為是
- entirely:完全地
- preposterous:荒謬的、極不合理的
定位答案的原文與翻譯
The educational reform that turned out to be successful was firstly considered as entirely _____.
翻譯:
這項結果證明成功的教育改革,起初被認為是完全_____的。
「後來成功」與「起初被負面評價」形成語意對比;能放入空格的應是表示「荒謬、不合常理」的形容詞,故選 preposterous。
解題方法
先抓句子的邏輯:
- turned out to be successful 表示「後來結果成功」。
- was firstly considered as 表示「起初被認為是」。
- entirely 修飾後面的形容詞,表示「完全地」。
- 教育改革若後來成功,起初卻被認為是完全「荒謬的」,語意最連貫。
完整句意為:
這項後來證明成功的教育改革,起初被認為完全荒謬、不切實際。
因此答案為 (E) preposterous。
選項分析
(A) unconscious
意為「無意識的、失去知覺的、未察覺的」。
例如:
- an unconscious patient:失去知覺的病人
- an unconscious bias:無意識的偏見
教育改革通常可以被認為是「明智」或「荒謬」,但不會說一項改革本身是「失去知覺的」。此字無法表達題目所需的負面合理性評價,故錯誤。
(B) judicious
意為「明智的、審慎的、判斷正確的」。
例如:
- a judicious decision:明智的決定
- judicious use of resources:審慎地運用資源
若填入此字,句意變成:
這項後來成功的教育改革,起初被認為完全明智。
語意雖然文法上可成立,但與題目要呈現的「起初遭質疑,後來證明成功」的轉折不符;且 judicious 是正面評價,故錯誤。
(C) salubrious
意為「有益健康的、促進健康的」,常用來形容環境、生活方式或氣候。
例如:
- a salubrious climate:有益健康的氣候
- a salubrious environment:健康宜人的環境
教育改革一般不會被描述為 salubrious。此外,此字強調健康效益,與「改革是否合理、可行」的語境無關,故錯誤。
第 21 題1 分
Maria studies harder than _____ in the corner.
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核心觀念
本題考「比較級句型」與「比較句中的倒裝」,並結合 seat 與 be seated 的用法。
題幹:
Maria studies harder than _____ in the corner.
瑪麗亞比坐在角落的那個男孩更用功。
study harder than 表示「比……更努力讀書」。比較對象應是:
Maria studies harder than the boy studies.
為避免重複 studies,可用助動詞 does 代替:
Maria studies harder than the boy does.
在較正式的英文中,than 後面可將助動詞置於主詞之前,形成倒裝:
Maria studies harder than does the boy ...
因此本題需選擇能表達「比坐在角落的男孩更用功」的結構。
關鍵單字與片語
study harder:更努力讀書than:比;用於比較句the boy:那個男孩seated:就座的、坐著的in the corner:在角落does:此處代替前面的studies
解題方法
先還原比較句的完整形式:
Maria studies harder than the boy studies in the corner.
為避免重複 studies,將後面的 studies 改由助動詞 does 代替:
Maria studies harder than the boy does in the corner.
再依正式比較句的倒裝用法,將 does 移到主詞 the boy 前:
Maria studies harder than does the boy seated in the corner.
其中 seated in the corner 修飾 the boy,相當於:
the boy who is seated in the corner
坐在角落的男孩
所以正確句子為:
Maria studies harder than does the boy seated in the corner.
瑪麗亞比坐在角落的那個男孩更努力讀書。
選項分析
(A) does the boy seated
正確。
完整結構為:
Maria studies harder than does the boy seated in the corner.
does 代替前面的 studies,並置於主詞 the boy 前,形成比較句倒裝;seated in the corner 則是修飾 the boy 的分詞片語。
seated 表示「坐著的、就座的」。依校方釋疑,seat 有「使……坐下」之意,因此描述「男孩被安排坐著」時,以被動形式 be seated 表達;省略關係代名詞與 be 動詞後,可形成:
第 22 題1 分
I forgot _____ the door, so I went back home and locked it the second time.
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核心觀念
本題考查動詞 forget 後接不定詞或動名詞時的語意差異:
- forget to + V:忘記「要做某事」,表示該動作尚未完成。
- forget + V-ing:忘記「曾經做過某事」,表示該動作已經完成,但事後不記得。
- forget + that 子句:忘記某個事實或情況。
本題關鍵在於 the second time,表示「第二次」。既然是第二次鎖門,代表說話者先前已經鎖過門,只是忘記自己曾經鎖門。
解題方法
題幹定位句為:
I forgot _____ the door, so I went back home and locked it the second time.
我忘記自己已經鎖過門,所以回家再次把門鎖上。
後半句 locked it the second time 明確表示鎖門這個動作已經發生過一次。說話者忘記的是「自己曾經鎖門」這件事,因此應使用:
故填入 locking:
I forgot locking the door, so I went back home and locked it the second time.
意思是:「我忘了自己已經鎖過門,所以回家再次把門鎖上。」
選項分析
(A) to lock
forget to lock the door 表示「忘記去鎖門」,也就是原本應該鎖門但沒有鎖,之後才回去鎖門。
例如:
I forgot to lock the door, so I went back home and locked it.
這句表示第一次根本沒有鎖門,因此回家是「第一次鎖門」,與題幹的 the second time 矛盾。本題不能選 A。
(B) locking
forget locking the door 表示「忘記自己曾經鎖過門」。說話者其實已經鎖過一次,但因為不記得,誤以為門沒有鎖,於是回家再次鎖門。
這與 the second time 的語意完全一致,因此 B 正確。
(C) lock
第 23 題1 分
It _____ for three days, and we still don’t know when it will stop.
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核心觀念
本題考「現在完成進行式」與天氣動詞的用法。
句型:
現在完成進行式表示:
- 動作從過去某時開始;
- 持續到現在;
- 強調動作的持續性或反覆發生。
題幹中的 for three days 表示「持續三天」,而 we still don’t know when it will stop 表示「目前仍不知道何時會停止」,因此可知下雨從三天前開始,一直持續到現在。
題幹定位與翻譯
It _____ for three days, and we still don’t know when it will stop.
翻譯為:
已經下了三天的雨,而我們仍然不知道它何時會停止。
此處的 It 是天氣用的虛主詞,沒有實際指涉對象;真正表達的事件是「下雨」。
正確句子為:
It has been raining for three days, and we still don’t know when it will stop.
意思是:
已經連續下雨三天了,而我們仍然不知道它何時會停。
解題方法
先找時間與語意線索:
- for three days:表示一段持續時間。
- still don’t know:表示截至目前仍處於某種狀態。
- when it will stop:表示下雨尚未停止,未來才會停止。
因此,空格需要「從過去持續到現在,且強調持續進行」的時態,即現在完成進行式:
主詞 It 為第三人稱單數,因此使用 has,不能使用 have。
選項分析
(A) will be rained
will be 是未來式,be rained 則是被動語態,意思接近「將被下雨」。然而 rain 作為「下雨」時是不及物動詞,不能直接接受詞,也沒有自然的被動形式。
此外,題幹的 for three days 與 still don’t know when it will stop 都表示下雨已經開始並持續至今,不是單純描述未來事件。
因此錯誤。
(B) was raining
was raining 是過去進行式,表示「當時正在下雨」,通常描述過去某一時間正在進行的動作。
第 24 題1 分
Jimmy and I were used to _____ with the light on, but the doctor told us to change this habit.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考 be used to + V-ing/名詞 的句型。
- be used to + V-ing/名詞:習慣於……、適應……
- used to + 原形動詞:過去常常……,表示過去的習慣,但現在未必如此
- change this habit:改變這個習慣
題幹中的主詞為 Jimmy and I,因此使用過去式 were:
Jimmy and I were used to _____ with the light on, but the doctor told us to change this habit.
我和 Jimmy 習慣開著燈睡覺,但是醫生告訴我們要改掉這個習慣。
此處的 to 是介系詞,後面必須接名詞或動名詞,因此空格應填 sleeping。
解題方法
將句型拆解如下:
套入題目:
完整句意為:
Jimmy and I were used to sleeping with the light on, but the doctor told us to change this habit.
其中 sleeping with the light on 表示「開著燈睡覺」。後半句提到醫生要求改變這個習慣,更明確指出前半句是在描述「原本已習慣的行為」,符合 be used to + V-ing。
選項分析
(A) sleep
錯誤。若使用 sleep,句型會變成:
were used to sleep
此處的 to 是 be used to 中的介系詞,不能直接接原形動詞。若要使用 sleep,必須改成:
第 25 題1 分
I watched two new films, _____ was very interesting.
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核心觀念
本題考查「非限定關係子句」與不定代名詞的搭配。
句型為:
I watched two new films, neither of which was very interesting.
逗號後的 neither of which was very interesting 是非限定關係子句,補充說明前面的 two new films:
- which:指前面的 films。
- neither of which:兩者都不;其中沒有任何一部。
- neither 修飾兩個人或物時,視為單數,因此後面的動詞用 was。
全句翻譯為:
我看了兩部新電影,兩部都不太有趣。
解題方法
先觀察逗號後面的結構:
逗號表示後面需要接一個非限定關係子句,且空格部分必須能同時具備:
- 指回前面的 two new films;
- 在子句中充當介系詞 of 的受詞;
- 與單數動詞 was 搭配;
- 符合語意「兩部都不有趣」。
因此應填:
其中:
- neither 表示「兩者皆不」;
- of which 指「其中的兩部電影」;
- neither 為單數概念,所以使用 was。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
I watched two new films, neither of which was very interesting.
翻譯:
我看了兩部新電影,兩部都不太有趣。
選項分析
(A) both of them
both of them 是代名詞片語,意思是「它們兩個」。它不能直接作為逗號後的關係子句連接語:
I watched two new films, both of them was very interesting.
此句有兩個問題:
- them 只是普通代名詞,不能引導關係子句;
- both 是複數概念,應搭配 were,不能搭配 was。
若改寫為:
I watched two new films, and both of them were very interesting.
文法才完整,但意思也變成「兩部都很有趣」,與本題官方答案所要表達的語意不同。
(B) both of which
第 26 題1 分
For each sentence, choose the underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.
Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart problem, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.
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核心觀念
本題考「分詞構句」與「懸垂修飾語(dangling modifier)」的判斷。
句首的現在分詞片語:
Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart problem
意為「知道 Mallard 太太患有心臟疾病」。分詞片語的邏輯主詞,通常必須與主句主詞一致。也就是說,真正「知道」這件事的,應該是人,而不能是後面的無生命名詞。
本句主句主詞為:
great care
但 care 是「小心、謹慎」的抽象概念,不是人或動物,不能執行 knowing 的動作。因此句首的 Knowing 形成懸垂修飾語,屬於不合文法用法。
依命題單位釋疑:care 非人或動物,所以不用 V-ing 來修飾。
題幹翻譯與答案定位
原句:
Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart problem, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.
翻譯:
由於知道 Mallard 太太患有心臟疾病,因此大家非常小心,盡可能委婉地將她丈夫去世的消息告訴她。
句首 Knowing 的意思是「知道」,但主句主詞是 great care,變成「小心知道 Mallard 太太患有心臟疾病」,語意與文法皆不合理。
較正確的改寫方式包括:
Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart problem, they took great care to break the news to her as gently as possible.
或:
Because they knew that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart problem, great care was taken to break the news to her as gently as possible.
選項分析
(A) Knowing——錯誤,為正確答案
Knowing 是現在分詞,表示「知道」。句首分詞片語的邏輯主詞必須是主句主詞,但本句主句主詞為 great care。
由於 care 是抽象、無生命的名詞,不能「知道」某件事,因此產生懸垂分詞修飾語。
此處應補出能夠「知道」的人,例如 they:
Knowing ..., they took great care ...
所以 (A) Knowing 是不合文法的部分。
(B) was afflicted——正確
be afflicted with + 疾病 是固定用法,表示「罹患……」「受到……疾病所苦」。
Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart problem.
其中:
第 27 題1 分
For each sentence, choose the underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.
The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 has infected an estimated 500 million people worldwide—about four-eleventh of the planet’s population—and killed an estimated 20 million to 50 million victims, including 675,000 Americans.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 分數與分母名詞的單複數。
- 數量表達法:
an estimated + 數字 + 可數名詞複數。 including的介系詞用法。- 現在完成式在語境中的使用。
答案句為:
The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 has infected an estimated 500 million people worldwide—about four-eleventh of the planet’s population—and killed an estimated 20 million to 50 million victims, including 675,000 Americans.
翻譯:
1918 年的西班牙流感大流行在全世界感染了估計約五億人,約占地球人口的十一分之四,並造成估計二千萬至五千萬人死亡,其中包括 675,000 名美國人。
錯誤位於 (C) four-eleventh。正確應為 four-elevenths。
解題方法
看到 four-eleventh of the planet’s population,先判斷這是「分數」:
- 分子為一時,分母用單數序數:
one-eleventh - 分子大於一時,分母通常加複數字尾
-s:four-elevenths
因此:
原句的 four-eleventh 少了複數字尾 -s,屬於不合文法的分數表達。
選項分析
(A) has infected
has infected 為現在完成式,形式為:
has infected 的意思是「已經感染、曾感染」。雖然 1918 是明確的過去時間,從一般語感而言,使用過去式 infected 也很自然;然而本題依校方公布答案及命題單位釋疑,(A) 不列為錯誤選項。
本題應依官方判定作答,錯誤不在此處。
(B) an estimated 500 million
an estimated + 數字 是常見的數量表達法,意思是「估計有……」。
例如:
an estimated 500 million people
估計五億人an estimated 20 million victims
估計兩千萬名受害者
其中 people 是可數名詞複數,與 500 million 搭配正確,因此本選項無誤。
(C) four-eleventh
這是錯誤選項。
分數的分母使用序數;當分子大於一時,分母須用複數形式:
第 28 題1 分
For each sentence, choose the underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.
With technology advances provide us with faster communication, more accurate information, and the ability to collaborate around the world, organizations need to be aware of the important steps in mitigating risks.
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核心觀念
本題考「with 複合結構」與句子主要動詞的辨識。
句首的 with 是介系詞,後面可接:
- 名詞+現在分詞:
- 名詞+過去分詞:
- 名詞+形容詞、介系詞片語等
題幹句子的主要子句為:
organizations need to be aware of the important steps in mitigating risks.
組織需要了解降低風險的重要步驟。
因此,句首的 With technology advances ... 必須形成附加說明的「with 複合結構」,不能直接接一個沒有連接詞的限定動詞 provide。
解題方法
先找句子的主要子句:
- 主詞:organizations
- 主要動詞:need
- 補語:to be aware of...
再檢查句首的 With technology advances...。其中:
- technology advances 可視為名詞片語,意為「科技進展」
- 但其後的 provide 是限定動詞,直接放在介系詞 with 之後,造成結構不完整
正確寫法應為:
With technological advances providing us with faster communication, more accurate information, and the ability to collaborate around the world, organizations need to be aware of the important steps in mitigating risks.
其中 providing 是現在分詞,與 technological advances 構成 with 複合結構。
全句翻譯為:
隨著科技進步為我們提供更快速的溝通、更精確的資訊,以及在世界各地合作的能力,組織需要了解降低風險的重要步驟。
選項分析
(A) With technology advances
錯誤。
with 後面不能直接接限定動詞 provide。題幹的:
With technology advances provide us...
缺少適當的結構連接。應改為:
With technological advances providing us...
另外,較自然的搭配是 technological advances,意為「科技進步、科技發展」;technology advances 雖可被理解為「科技進展」,但在本句中與後面的 provide 組合後,形成文法錯誤。
(B) provide us with
此片語本身正確,結構為:
第 29 題1 分
For each sentence, choose the underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.
The issue is a matter of privacy, on which he has no right to make comments, nor you should express any opinions.
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核心觀念
本題考查三項文法與語意:
- matter of+名詞:表示「關於……的事情」。
- 介系詞+關係代名詞:
on which可表示「在這件事上/關於這件事」。 - nor 的否定並列用法:正式英文中,
nor放在句首連接另一個否定子句時,通常採倒裝語序:
例如:
- He has no right to comment, nor should you express any opinions.
- She did not apologize, nor did she explain her behavior.
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
The issue is a matter of privacy, on which he has no right to make comments, nor you should express any opinions.
可翻譯為:
這個問題涉及隱私;他無權對此發表評論,你也不應表達任何意見。
題目官方答案指定為 E,以下依官方答案說明;但本題的句型本身存在明顯爭議,尤其是 D 的 nor you should。
解題方法
先將句子切成三個部分:
The issue is a matter of privacyon which he has no right to make commentsnor you should express any opinions
前兩部分的結構完整,第三部分由 nor 引導另一個否定概念。判斷時要注意:
nor後面若形成獨立子句,正式英文通常要倒裝。any可用於否定句、疑問句,以及由nor所帶出的否定語意中。express an opinion是常見搭配;express opinions也可以使用。
選項分析
(A) is a matter:正確
matter 作名詞時可表示「事情、問題」。a matter of privacy 是自然且正確的名詞片語,意思是「隱私問題」。
句型為:
The issue is a matter of privacy.
其中:
The issue是主詞。is是連綴動詞。a matter of privacy是主詞補語。
因此此處沒有文法錯誤。
(B) on which:正確
on which 是「介系詞 on+關係代名詞 which」的結構,修飾前面的 a matter of privacy。
原句可理解為:
He has no right to make comments on the matter.
將 the matter 改為關係代名詞並移至前面,即成為:
the matter on which he has no right to make comments
因此 on which 在文法上成立,意思是「關於這件事」。
(C) has no right:正確
have no right to+原形動詞 表示「沒有權利做……」。
第 30 題1 分
For each sentence, choose the underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English.
South Korea said there was no discernible development in the North, but Kim, missed the birthday of his grandfather, the country’s founder, hasn’t been seen publicly since.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 非限定關係子句的省略。
- 分詞片語的主動、被動判斷。
- 主詞與主要動詞的句構辨識。
- 同位語與時態的一致。
題幹句子如下:
South Korea said there was no discernible development in the North, but Kim, missed the birthday of his grandfather, the country’s founder, hasn’t been seen publicly since.
翻譯:
南韓表示,北韓並沒有明顯的發展;但是,自從金正恩錯過其祖父——這個國家的創建者——的生日後,他就一直沒有公開露面。
本題官方答案為 C。
解題方法
先找句子的主要結構:
South Korea said there was no discernible development in the North, but Kim ... hasn’t been seen publicly since.
主要句型為:
- South Korea said ...
- but Kim ... hasn’t been seen publicly since ...
其中 Kim 是第二個子句的主詞,hasn’t been seen 是主要動詞。
Kim 與後面的「錯過祖父生日」之間,是補充說明 Kim 的分詞片語。由於 Kim 是「錯過生日」這個動作的主動執行者,應使用主動的現在分詞:
Kim, missing the birthday ..., hasn’t been seen publicly since.
也可以寫成完整的非限定關係子句:
Kim, who missed the birthday ..., hasn’t been seen publicly since.
但若只保留分詞片語,不能直接使用 missed。因此錯誤在 (C) missed。
選項分析
(A) there was
正確。
此處為 there be 存在句型:
there was no discernible development
真正的主詞是後面的 no discernible development。由於 development 在此為不可數名詞,或被視為不可數的「發展、進展」,使用單數動詞 was 正確。
若使用複數名詞,例如:
There were no discernible developments.
也可以成立,但題目原句中的 development 為單數形式,因此 there was 搭配正確。
(B) discernible development
正確。
- discernible:可辨認的、可察覺的、明顯的
- development:發展、進展、變化
no discernible development
表示「沒有明顯的發展或進展」。其中 discernible 為形容詞,修飾名詞 development,位置與用法正確。
常見搭配包括:
- discernible change:明顯的變化
- discernible difference:可察覺的差異
- no discernible improvement:沒有明顯改善
(C) missed
錯誤,為本題答案。
missed 是 miss 的過去式或過去分詞。若要表達完整的過去式關係子句,必須加上關係代名詞與主詞功能:
Kim, who missed the birthday ..., hasn’t been seen publicly since.
若省略 who,則需將關係子句改成分詞片語。由於 Kim 是主動「錯過生日」的人,應使用現在分詞 missing:
第 31 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Science is an _______ field; that is, it develops a body of knowledge by observing things and performing experiments. The deliberate process of gathering and analyzing data is called ‘the scientific method’ or ‘the scientific study.’ People often have this misconception of Linguistics not being a scientific study. Let us see whether Linguistics is indeed a scientific study of language.
Etymologically, Linguistics is a scientific study of language. Like all the other sciences, Linguistics has a well-defined subject matter. It employs careful methods to observe, record and analyze various phenomena related to its subject matter, and hopes to present verifiable descriptions. Linguistics is based on observation, formation of hypothesis, testing, and verification. Some methods of observation include simple listening, phonetic transcription, and use of various instruments such as pitch makers.
Linguists also have laboratories where they perform all these procedures in studying languages. They firstly observe linguistic events, make a hypothesis, and test it to make it verifiable or provable as that of a scientific experiment. Thus, we can say that Linguistics is indeed a scientific study of language.
Which of the following words best completes the sentence in line 1?
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「上下文語意」。判斷克漏字時,須觀察後文如何定義 Science:
“it develops a body of knowledge by observing things and performing experiments.”
「它透過觀察事物與進行實驗,發展出一套知識體系。」
後文接著反覆出現:
- scientific method:科學方法
- observing:觀察
- performing experiments:進行實驗
- gathering and analyzing data:蒐集與分析資料
- hypothesis:假說
- testing:測試
- verification:驗證
因此,空格所需的字應能表達「科學具有宏大、權威、重要的性質」,並能與後文「科學方法」的說明連貫。依高雄醫學大學官方答案及校方釋疑,本題選 imperial。
解題方法
句型為:
Science is an _______ field.
空格後面接名詞 field,前面需要填入形容詞。四個選項皆為形容詞形式,因此不能只靠詞性判斷,必須比較字義與文章主旨。
文章主旨是說明語言學並非一般人誤以為的非科學領域,而是如同其他科學一樣,具有明確研究對象,並運用觀察、假說、實驗與驗證等程序。因此第一句是在概括說明 Science 的性質,後文則進一步解釋這項性質。
校方釋疑將 imperial 解作「宏大的、具有權威性的」,故以此答案為準。
關鍵單字與片語
- science:科學
- field:領域
- body of knowledge:知識體系
- observe:觀察
- perform experiments:進行實驗
- deliberate process:有意識且審慎的過程
- gather and analyze data:蒐集並分析資料
- misconception:錯誤觀念、誤解
- Linguistics:語言學
- etymologically:就字源而言
- well-defined subject matter:界定清楚的研究對象
- phenomenon:現象;複數為 phenomena
- hypothesis:假說
- test:測試、檢驗
- verification:驗證
- verifiable:可驗證的
- provable:可證明的
- phonetic transcription:音標轉寫
- laboratory:實驗室
- linguistic event:語言事件
選項分析
(A) imperial:宏大的、具有權威性的;原義也可指「帝國的」。
第 32 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Science is an _______ field; that is, it develops a body of knowledge by observing things and performing experiments. The deliberate process of gathering and analyzing data is called ‘the scientific method’ or ‘the scientific study.’ People often have this misconception of Linguistics not being a scientific study. Let us see whether Linguistics is indeed a scientific study of language.
Etymologically, Linguistics is a scientific study of language. Like all the other sciences, Linguistics has a well-defined subject matter. It employs careful methods to observe, record and analyze various phenomena related to its subject matter, and hopes to present verifiable descriptions. Linguistics is based on observation, formation of hypothesis, testing, and verification. Some methods of observation include simple listening, phonetic transcription, and use of various instruments such as pitch makers.
Linguists also have laboratories where they perform all these procedures in studying languages. They firstly observe linguistic events, make a hypothesis, and test it to make it verifiable or provable as that of a scientific experiment. Thus, we can say that Linguistics is indeed a scientific study of language.
What could be the best title for this passage?
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核心觀念
本題考查「閱讀理解中的最佳標題判斷」以及介系詞片語的語意。
文章主旨是:語言學(Linguistics)具備科學研究的特徵,因此可視為一門科學。判斷標題時,應選擇能完整涵蓋全文主旨、且語意自然的選項。
關鍵定位句為:
“Thus, we can say that Linguistics is indeed a scientific study of language.”
因此,我們可以說,語言學確實是對語言進行的科學研究。
這句直接總結全文,對應選項 Linguistics as Science,意為「作為科學的語言學」或「語言學是一門科學」。
文章主旨與解題方法
文章的論述脈絡如下:
- 科學透過觀察與實驗建立知識。
- 語言學有明確的研究對象。
- 語言學使用觀察、記錄、分析、提出假設、測試與驗證等科學方法。
- 語言學家也在實驗室中進行相關研究。
- 因此,語言學確實是一門科學性的語言研究。
全文核心不是介紹「科學中的語言學」、也不是比較語言學與科學的優劣,而是證明「語言學具有科學性」。因此,標題應表達「Linguistics is a science」的概念。
其中,as 有「作為、被視為、具有某種身分或性質」之意。
Linguistics as Science 可理解為:
- Linguistics as a science
- Linguistics regarded as science
- 語言學作為一門科學
雖然更完整、自然的英文標題可寫成 Linguistics as a Science,但考題選項省略冠詞並不影響其標題功能,B 仍是最符合全文主旨的答案。
選項分析
(A) Linguistics for Science
意為「為科學服務的語言學」或「供科學使用的語言學」。
介系詞 for 表示「為了、給予、供……使用」,通常描述目的或受益對象。例如:
- technology for science:供科學使用的科技
- English for medical students:給醫學生使用的英文
本文沒有討論語言學如何服務其他科學領域,而是在說明語言學本身具有科學研究的性質,因此 A 不符合文章主旨。
(B) Linguistics as Science
意為「作為科學的語言學」或「語言學是一門科學」。
as 表示「作為、被視為」,用來指出某人或某事物的身分、角色或性質。文章反覆說明語言學具有科學的研究對象、研究方法與驗證程序,最後明確指出:
“Linguistics is indeed a scientific study of language.”
語言學確實是對語言進行的科學研究。
因此 B 完整概括全文,為正確答案。
(C) Linguistics in Science
意為「科學中的語言學」。
介系詞 in 表示「在……之中、在……領域內」,著重於位置、範圍或所屬領域。此標題會使人預期文章討論語言學在科學體系中的地位、應用範圍,或語言學與其他科學的關係。
本文的重點是證明語言學本身就是科學研究,而不是討論語言學位於科學中的哪個位置,因此 C 錯誤。
(D) Linguistics of Science
意為「科學的語言學」或「關於科學的語言學」。
介系詞 of 通常表示所屬、關聯或研究對象,例如:
第 33 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Science is an _______ field; that is, it develops a body of knowledge by observing things and performing experiments. The deliberate process of gathering and analyzing data is called ‘the scientific method’ or ‘the scientific study.’ People often have this misconception of Linguistics not being a scientific study. Let us see whether Linguistics is indeed a scientific study of language.
Etymologically, Linguistics is a scientific study of language. Like all the other sciences, Linguistics has a well-defined subject matter. It employs careful methods to observe, record and analyze various phenomena related to its subject matter, and hopes to present verifiable descriptions. Linguistics is based on observation, formation of hypothesis, testing, and verification. Some methods of observation include simple listening, phonetic transcription, and use of various instruments such as pitch makers.
Linguists also have laboratories where they perform all these procedures in studying languages. They firstly observe linguistic events, make a hypothesis, and test it to make it verifiable or provable as that of a scientific experiment. Thus, we can say that Linguistics is indeed a scientific study of language.
What is the most possible purpose of the author to write this passage?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀測驗中的「作者寫作目的(purpose)」判斷。解題重點不是只找文章主題,而是判斷作者寫這篇文章「想達成什麼目的」。
本文主題是:語言學(Linguistics)是否屬於科學研究。作者先提出大眾對語言學的誤解,再以科學研究的特徵逐項說明語言學符合科學方法,最後作出結論。因此,作者的主要目的在於論證「語言學是一門科學學科」。
文章結構與定位答案
第一段先介紹科學的概念與科學方法,並指出人們常誤以為語言學不是科學:
“People often have this misconception of Linguistics not being a scientific study of language.”
人們常有一種誤解,認為語言學並不是對語言進行的科學研究。
第二段說明語言學具備科學研究的基本條件,包括明確的研究對象、觀察、紀錄、分析、假設、測試與驗證。
第三段進一步指出語言學家也有實驗室,並依照科學實驗的程序進行研究,最後明確下結論:
“Thus, we can say that Linguistics is indeed a scientific study of language.”
因此,我們可以說,語言學確實是對語言進行的科學研究。
這一句直接總結全文論點,最能支持選項 (A)。
關鍵單字與片語
- scientific:科學的
- field:領域、學科
- develop a body of knowledge:建立一套知識體系
- observe:觀察
- perform experiments:進行實驗
- misconception:錯誤觀念、誤解
- Linguistics:語言學
- etymologically:從詞源上來看
- well-defined subject matter:明確界定的研究對象
- phenomenon / phenomena:現象/現象(複數)
- verifiable:可驗證的
- hypothesis:假設
- verification:驗證
- phonetic transcription:語音轉寫
- instrument:儀器
- linguistic event:語言事件、語言現象
- provable:可證明的
- scientific discipline:科學學科、科學領域
文法與語意重點
- be based on + 名詞
“Linguistics is based on observation, formation of hypothesis, testing, and verification.”
表示「以……為基礎」。本句列出語言學研究所依據的程序:觀察、形成假設、測試與驗證。
- make + 受詞 + 補語
“make it verifiable or provable”
第 34 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Science is an _______ field; that is, it develops a body of knowledge by observing things and performing experiments. The deliberate process of gathering and analyzing data is called ‘the scientific method’ or ‘the scientific study.’ People often have this misconception of Linguistics not being a scientific study. Let us see whether Linguistics is indeed a scientific study of language.
Etymologically, Linguistics is a scientific study of language. Like all the other sciences, Linguistics has a well-defined subject matter. It employs careful methods to observe, record and analyze various phenomena related to its subject matter, and hopes to present verifiable descriptions. Linguistics is based on observation, formation of hypothesis, testing, and verification. Some methods of observation include simple listening, phonetic transcription, and use of various instruments such as pitch makers.
Linguists also have laboratories where they perform all these procedures in studying languages. They firstly observe linguistic events, make a hypothesis, and test it to make it verifiable or provable as that of a scientific experiment. Thus, we can say that Linguistics is indeed a scientific study of language.
According to this passage, which of the following descriptions of Linguistics is incorrect?
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核心觀念
本題為閱讀理解中的「錯誤敘述判斷題」,重點在於辨認文章對 Linguistics(語言學)研究方法的描述。
文章主旨是:語言學和其他科學相同,具有明確研究對象,並透過觀察、提出假設、測試與驗證,建立可驗證的知識。因此,語言學是一門科學性的語言研究。
關鍵句為:
“Linguistics is based on observation, formation of hypothesis, testing, and verification.”
意為:「語言學建立在觀察、形成假設、測試與驗證的基礎上。」
此外,文章也提到:
“Linguists also have laboratories where they perform all these procedures in studying languages.”
意為:「語言學家也設有實驗室,在研究語言時進行上述各項程序。」
由此可知,文章一直強調語言學研究具有科學性、系統性與可驗證性。
解題方法
逐一將選項與文章內容比對:
- 判斷文章是否明確提及該概念。
- 注意選項中的程度與評價字眼,例如 absurd(荒謬的)具有負面意義。
- 若選項與文章主旨相反,即為錯誤敘述。
文章描述的研究方式包括:
- observing:觀察
- recording:記錄
- analyzing:分析
- formation of hypothesis:形成假設
- testing:測試
- verification:驗證
這些都是嚴謹的科學研究程序,與「荒謬的方法」完全相反。
文法與語意重點
- 冒號後的解釋
“Science is an _______ field; that is, it develops a body of knowledge…”
分號後的 that is 表示「也就是說」,用來補充說明前面的內容。
- 現在簡單式
文章大量使用現在簡單式,例如:
“Linguistics has a well-defined subject matter.”
表示語言學具有穩定、普遍的特徵,而非只描述某一次事件。
- 被動語態
“The deliberate process of gathering and analyzing data is called ‘the scientific method.’”
其中 is called 是被動語態,意為「被稱為」。
- 語意對比
文章中的:
- careful methods:謹慎的方法
- verifiable descriptions:可驗證的描述
- provable:可證明的
都表現出科學研究的嚴謹性,與 absurd approaches(荒謬的方法)形成明顯對比。
選項分析
(A) Some people may not consider Linguistics as science.
正確。
文章指出:
“People often have this misconception of Linguistics not being a scientific study.”
意為:「人們常有語言學並非科學研究的誤解。」
這表示確實有些人不認為語言學屬於科學,因此本選項符合文章內容。
(B) The definition of Linguistics involves scientific methodology.
正確。
文章開頭說:
“Etymologically, Linguistics is a scientific study of language.”
第 35 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Science is an _______ field; that is, it develops a body of knowledge by observing things and performing experiments. The deliberate process of gathering and analyzing data is called ‘the scientific method’ or ‘the scientific study.’ People often have this misconception of Linguistics not being a scientific study. Let us see whether Linguistics is indeed a scientific study of language.
Etymologically, Linguistics is a scientific study of language. Like all the other sciences, Linguistics has a well-defined subject matter. It employs careful methods to observe, record and analyze various phenomena related to its subject matter, and hopes to present verifiable descriptions. Linguistics is based on observation, formation of hypothesis, testing, and verification. Some methods of observation include simple listening, phonetic transcription, and use of various instruments such as pitch makers.
Linguists also have laboratories where they perform all these procedures in studying languages. They firstly observe linguistic events, make a hypothesis, and test it to make it verifiable or provable as that of a scientific experiment. Thus, we can say that Linguistics is indeed a scientific study of language.
According to paragraph 3, what is the general procedure of a piece of linguistic research?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「研究程序排序」,需掌握文章明確列出的動作順序:
- observe:觀察
- hypothesize / make a hypothesis:提出假說
- test:測試假說
- verify:驗證結果
這四個步驟構成語言學研究的一般科學程序。
定位答案的關鍵句
第三段寫道:
“They firstly observe linguistic events, make a hypothesis, and test it to make it verifiable or provable as that of a scientific experiment.”
翻譯:
「他們首先觀察語言事件,提出假說,並加以測試,使其如同科學實驗的結果一般可以被驗證或證明。」
句中的程序依序為:
- observe linguistic events
- make a hypothesis
- test it
- make it verifiable or provable
因此答案為 observe → hypothesize → test → verify。
解題方法
本題不需要自行推論研究方法,只要找出第三段中描述研究步驟的句子,依照動詞出現的先後排序即可。
其中:
- observe 對應「observe linguistic events」
- hypothesize 對應「make a hypothesis」
- test 對應「test it」
- verify 對應「make it verifiable or provable」
選項中的 hypothesize 雖未直接出現在原文,但它是 make a hypothesis 的動詞形式,意思相同。
選項分析
(A) observe, analyze, describe, relate
錯誤。文章雖提到分析資料與提出描述,但第三段明確指出觀察之後是提出假說,再進行測試,並未將 analyze、describe、relate 排成此順序。
(B) observe, analyze, hypothesize, verify
錯誤。文章中確實提到 analyze,但第三段的研究程序是先提出假說,再測試假說;選項將 analyze 放在 hypothesize 之後,且漏掉關鍵步驟 test。
(C) observe, hypothesize, test, verify
正確。這與原文第三段的順序完全相符:
observe linguistic events → make a hypothesis → test it → verifiable or provable
(D) observe, record, analyze, listen
第 36 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The body works like an automatic furnace, which heats up and cools down to maintain a constant temperature. When it puts out a lot more or a lot less heat than usual, the body may be trying to tell you there is a problem. It is when we go to a doctor or a pharmacist.
For more than 100 years, has been considered the normal human body temperature. But recently, a Stanford University research study, based on some 677,000 temperature readings collected from 190,000 people, points out that from 1862 to 2017, the human body temperature fell by and per decade for males and females, respectively.
The change in average height and weight is the possible explanation for some of the decline, because nowadays people have better nutrition, medical service, and public health. Most importantly, the effective use of antibiotics and vaccines control many of the inflammatory conditions that can drive up body temperature. The function of inflammation is to eliminate the cause of cell injury and initiate tissue repair. Besides, when people are ill, they usually take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins to fight inflammation, therefore preventing the body from heating up.
The findings suggest doctors should practice more personalized temperature readings that take all the things that affect body temperature into consideration, such as height, weight, age, time of day and outside temperature.
What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀測驗中的「段落主旨判斷」。判斷段落主旨時,應掌握:
- 段落開頭提出的核心議題。
- 後續句子提供的原因、證據或補充說明。
- 選項是否能概括整段,而非只對應其中一個細節。
第三段主要說明「人體正常體溫下降的原因」,包括營養、醫療、公衛進步,以及抗生素、疫苗和抗發炎藥物對發炎反應的抑制。因此主旨是 正常體溫下降的原因。
解題方法
第三段首句指出:
The change in average height and weight is the possible explanation for some of the decline, because nowadays people have better nutrition, medical service, and public health.
翻譯:平均身高與體重的變化,是體溫下降的一項解釋,因為現代人的營養、醫療服務及公共衛生較為完善。
接著,文章進一步說明:
Most importantly, the effective use of antibiotics and vaccines control many of the inflammatory conditions that can drive up body temperature.
翻譯:最重要的是,抗生素與疫苗的有效使用,控制了許多會使體溫升高的發炎狀況。
最後又補充:
Besides, when people are ill, they usually take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins to fight inflammation, therefore preventing the body from heating up.
翻譯:此外,人們生病時通常會服用非類固醇抗發炎藥物與 statins 來對抗發炎,因此防止體溫升高。
本段的內容安排是:
因此,段落重點不是單一的「發炎」或「藥物」,而是完整說明體溫下降的多項原因。
關鍵單字與片語
- decline:下降、衰退
- average height and weight:平均身高與體重
- explanation for:……的解釋、……的原因
- nutrition:營養
- medical service:醫療服務
- public health:公共衛生
- most importantly:最重要的是
- effective use:有效使用
- antibiotics:抗生素
- vaccines:疫苗
- inflammatory conditions:發炎狀況
- drive up:推高、使……上升
- inflammation:發炎、炎症反應
- cell injury:細胞損傷
- tissue repair:組織修復
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs:非類固醇抗發炎藥物
- statins:statin 類降膽固醇藥物
- fight inflammation:對抗發炎
第 37 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The body works like an automatic furnace, which heats up and cools down to maintain a constant temperature. When it puts out a lot more or a lot less heat than usual, the body may be trying to tell you there is a problem. It is when we go to a doctor or a pharmacist.
For more than 100 years, has been considered the normal human body temperature. But recently, a Stanford University research study, based on some 677,000 temperature readings collected from 190,000 people, points out that from 1862 to 2017, the human body temperature fell by and per decade for males and females, respectively.
The change in average height and weight is the possible explanation for some of the decline, because nowadays people have better nutrition, medical service, and public health. Most importantly, the effective use of antibiotics and vaccines control many of the inflammatory conditions that can drive up body temperature. The function of inflammation is to eliminate the cause of cell injury and initiate tissue repair. Besides, when people are ill, they usually take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins to fight inflammation, therefore preventing the body from heating up.
The findings suggest doctors should practice more personalized temperature readings that take all the things that affect body temperature into consideration, such as height, weight, age, time of day and outside temperature.
What is the meaning of the underlined word “initiate” in paragraph 3?
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核心觀念
本題考查字彙語意,必須根據單字所在句子的上下文判斷意思。
題目中的關鍵句為:
The function of inflammation is to eliminate the cause of cell injury and initiate tissue repair.
句意是:
發炎的功能是消除細胞受傷的原因,並開始組織修復。
其中:
- inflammation:發炎
- eliminate:消除、排除
- the cause of cell injury:細胞受傷的原因
- initiate:開始、啟動
- tissue repair:組織修復
因此, 在本句中是「使某事開始」之意。
解題方法
先觀察 的受詞是 tissue repair。發炎反應除了清除造成細胞損傷的因素,也會啟動後續的組織修復機制,因此語意應為:
cause tissue repair to begin
使組織修復開始
的常見用法如下:
- initiate a process:啟動一項過程
- initiate a plan:開始執行計畫
- initiate tissue repair:啟動組織修復
所以答案是「使某事開始」。
選項分析
(A) To cause something to become worse
使某事變得更糟。
錯誤。 表示「惡化」,對應的字詞如 worsen 或 aggravate。發炎雖然在某些情況下會造成傷害,但本句說明的是發炎的功能包括啟動組織修復,並非使組織狀況惡化。
(B) To cause something to begin
使某事開始。
第 38 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The body works like an automatic furnace, which heats up and cools down to maintain a constant temperature. When it puts out a lot more or a lot less heat than usual, the body may be trying to tell you there is a problem. It is when we go to a doctor or a pharmacist.
For more than 100 years, has been considered the normal human body temperature. But recently, a Stanford University research study, based on some 677,000 temperature readings collected from 190,000 people, points out that from 1862 to 2017, the human body temperature fell by and per decade for males and females, respectively.
The change in average height and weight is the possible explanation for some of the decline, because nowadays people have better nutrition, medical service, and public health. Most importantly, the effective use of antibiotics and vaccines control many of the inflammatory conditions that can drive up body temperature. The function of inflammation is to eliminate the cause of cell injury and initiate tissue repair. Besides, when people are ill, they usually take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins to fight inflammation, therefore preventing the body from heating up.
The findings suggest doctors should practice more personalized temperature readings that take all the things that affect body temperature into consideration, such as height, weight, age, time of day and outside temperature.
According to this passage, which of the following factors might not be able to prevent the body from heating up?
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核心觀念
本題為閱讀理解與字彙語意題,考查考生能否根據文章明確資訊,判斷哪些藥物或醫療措施可以「preventing the body from heating up(防止身體升溫)」。
文章指出,發炎反應會使體溫升高;抗生素、疫苗、非類固醇抗發炎藥物及 statins 都能控制或對抗發炎,因此有助於防止體溫升高。選項中的 anti-depressant(抗憂鬱劑)則未被文章提及,也不是文中所說的抗發炎藥物。
解題方法
先定位題幹中的關鍵語句:
“Most importantly, the effective use of antibiotics and vaccines control many of the inflammatory conditions that can drive up body temperature.”
最重要的是,有效使用抗生素與疫苗可以控制許多會使體溫升高的發炎狀況。
以及:
“Besides, when people are ill, they usually take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins to fight inflammation, therefore preventing the body from heating up.”
此外,人生病時通常會服用非類固醇抗發炎藥物與 statins 來對抗發炎,因此可以防止身體升溫。
由上述兩句可直接整理出文中具有防止體溫升高作用的因素:
- antibiotics
- vaccines
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- statins
題目問的是哪一項「might not be able to prevent the body from heating up」,也就是找出未列於文章中、無法依文章內容判定具有此作用者。因此答案為 anti-depressant。
選項分析
(A) antibiotics(抗生素)
錯誤選項。文章明確指出,抗生素能控制許多發炎狀況,而發炎狀況可能使體溫升高。因此抗生素能幫助防止身體升溫。
(B) anti-depressant(抗憂鬱劑)
正確答案。文章提到的是抗生素、疫苗、非類固醇抗發炎藥物與 statins,並未提及抗憂鬱劑。抗憂鬱劑主要用於治療憂鬱症等情緒相關疾病,不能由本文推論其能對抗發炎或防止體溫升高。
(C) anti-inflammatory drugs(抗發炎藥物)
錯誤選項。文章直接提到:
“nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs”
這正是 anti-inflammatory drugs 的一種,作用是對抗發炎,因而有助於防止體溫升高。
(D) statins(statins 類降膽固醇藥物)
錯誤選項。文章明確說明病人會服用 statins 來對抗發炎,進而防止身體升溫。雖然 statins 通常主要用於降低膽固醇,但本文將其列為具有抗發炎效果的藥物。
(E) vaccines(疫苗)
第 39 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The body works like an automatic furnace, which heats up and cools down to maintain a constant temperature. When it puts out a lot more or a lot less heat than usual, the body may be trying to tell you there is a problem. It is when we go to a doctor or a pharmacist.
For more than 100 years, has been considered the normal human body temperature. But recently, a Stanford University research study, based on some 677,000 temperature readings collected from 190,000 people, points out that from 1862 to 2017, the human body temperature fell by and per decade for males and females, respectively.
The change in average height and weight is the possible explanation for some of the decline, because nowadays people have better nutrition, medical service, and public health. Most importantly, the effective use of antibiotics and vaccines control many of the inflammatory conditions that can drive up body temperature. The function of inflammation is to eliminate the cause of cell injury and initiate tissue repair. Besides, when people are ill, they usually take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins to fight inflammation, therefore preventing the body from heating up.
The findings suggest doctors should practice more personalized temperature readings that take all the things that affect body temperature into consideration, such as height, weight, age, time of day and outside temperature.
According to this passage, which of the following statements is incorrect?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解,重點包括:
- 根據文章明確敘述判斷正誤。
- 掌握因果關係:醫療進步、抗生素與疫苗的使用,使發炎狀況減少,平均體溫因此下降。
- 理解個人化醫療的概念:判讀體溫時,不能只依賴單一標準,還要考慮身高、體重、年齡、時間與環境溫度等因素。
文章的核心結論是:傳統上認為正常體溫為 ,但研究顯示人類平均體溫在長期中逐漸下降,因此醫師應依個人條件判讀體溫。
解題方法
題目問的是:
According to this passage, which of the following statements is incorrect?
根據本文,下列何者不正確?
解題時應逐一比對選項與文章內容,找出與原文相反者。
定位答案最關鍵的句子是:
The change in average height and weight is the possible explanation for some of the decline, because nowadays people have better nutrition, medical service, and public health.
翻譯:
平均身高與體重的改變,可能是體溫下降的部分原因,因為現代人擁有較好的營養、醫療服務與公共衛生。
另一句更直接:
Most importantly, the effective use of antibiotics and vaccines control many of the inflammatory conditions that can drive up body temperature.
翻譯:
最重要的是,抗生素與疫苗的有效使用,控制了許多會使體溫升高的發炎狀況。
因此,醫療進步與體溫「下降」有關,而非導致正常體溫上升。故選項 (A) 與文章相反,是不正確的敘述。
文章中的重要單字與片語
- automatic furnace:自動暖爐;本文比喻人體會自動調節熱量
- heat up:變熱、升溫
- cool down:變冷、降溫
- maintain:維持
- constant temperature:恆定溫度
- normal human body temperature:正常人體體溫
- temperature reading:體溫測量值
- per decade:每十年
- decline:下降、衰退
- nutrition:營養
- medical service:醫療服務
- public health:公共衛生
- antibiotics:抗生素
- vaccines:疫苗
- inflammatory conditions:發炎狀況
- drive up:推高、使上升
- eliminate:消除
- cell injury:細胞損傷
- initiate:開始、啟動
- tissue repair:組織修復
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs:非類固醇抗發炎藥
- statins: statin 類藥物,常用於降低膽固醇
- personalized:個人化的
- take something into consideration:將某事納入考量
- rush to a conclusion:急於下結論
文法與語意重點
- which 引導非限定關係子句
The body works like an automatic furnace, which heats up and cools down to maintain a constant temperature.
指前面的 ,補充說明人體如同自動暖爐,會升溫與降溫,以維持恆定體溫。
- when 引導時間副詞子句
When it puts out a lot more or a lot less heat than usual, the body may be trying to tell you there is a problem.
當人體產生比平常多很多或少很多的熱量時,可能表示身體出現問題。
- that 引導名詞子句
第 40 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The body works like an automatic furnace, which heats up and cools down to maintain a constant temperature. When it puts out a lot more or a lot less heat than usual, the body may be trying to tell you there is a problem. It is when we go to a doctor or a pharmacist.
For more than 100 years, has been considered the normal human body temperature. But recently, a Stanford University research study, based on some 677,000 temperature readings collected from 190,000 people, points out that from 1862 to 2017, the human body temperature fell by and per decade for males and females, respectively.
The change in average height and weight is the possible explanation for some of the decline, because nowadays people have better nutrition, medical service, and public health. Most importantly, the effective use of antibiotics and vaccines control many of the inflammatory conditions that can drive up body temperature. The function of inflammation is to eliminate the cause of cell injury and initiate tissue repair. Besides, when people are ill, they usually take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins to fight inflammation, therefore preventing the body from heating up.
The findings suggest doctors should practice more personalized temperature readings that take all the things that affect body temperature into consideration, such as height, weight, age, time of day and outside temperature.
What is the best title for this passage?
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核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀測驗中的「主旨與最佳標題」。判斷標題時,須掌握:
- 文章的主要議題。
- 各段落是否共同支持該議題。
- 選項是否過度狹窄、過度誇大,或只涵蓋局部內容。
本文核心在於:現代人的平均體溫逐年下降,以及造成此現象的原因。因此,最佳標題應同時涵蓋「人體體溫下降」與「原因探討」。
文章重點與定位句
第一段指出人體會透過產熱與散熱維持恆溫,體溫異常時可能表示身體出現問題。
第二段提出研究發現:
“the human body temperature fell by and per decade for males and females, respectively.”
翻譯:
「男性與女性的人體體溫,分別每十年下降華氏 度與 度。」
第三段說明體溫下降的原因,包括營養、醫療、公衛改善,以及抗生素、疫苗和抗發炎藥物的使用。
第四段則指出醫師應考量年齡、身高、體重、測量時間與外界溫度等因素,採用更個人化的體溫判讀方式。
因此,全文主軸是「為什麼人體體溫會下降」,而不是單純介紹正常體溫或發炎。
解題方法
先找文章的中心發展:
- 第二段:提出「人體體溫下降」的研究發現。
- 第三段:解釋體溫下降的可能原因。
- 第四段:說明此發現對醫療判讀的影響。
文章採用「研究發現 → 原因解釋 → 實際意義」的結構,中心焦點集中在人體體溫下降及其原因。
因此,選項必須以「human body temperature drops」為主軸,且不能只涵蓋單一細節。
選項分析
(A) Do not Ignore Abnormal Inflammation
「不要忽視異常發炎」
錯誤。文章確實提到 inflammation,也說明發炎會使體溫升高;但發炎只是解釋體溫下降的其中一項因素,並非全文主旨。文章沒有主要討論如何辨識或處理異常發炎,因此標題範圍過窄。
(B) Maintaining a Normal Temperature
「維持正常體溫」
錯誤。第一段提到人體維持恆溫的功能,但本文重點不是介紹人體如何維持正常體溫,而是探討近代人體平均體溫下降的現象與原因。「maintaining」強調維持體溫的機制,無法精確概括全文。
(C) Why Human Body Temperature Drops
「人體體溫為何下降」
正確。此選項完整掌握文章核心:
- “human body temperature drops” 對應研究發現:人體平均體溫逐年下降。
- “Why” 對應第三段對原因的說明,例如營養改善、醫療進步、公共衛生提升,以及抗生素、疫苗與抗發炎藥物的使用。
此外,第四段提出個人化體溫判讀,也是在回應體溫下降所造成的醫療意義,與此標題一致。
(D) Temperature Tells You Everything
「體溫告訴你一切」
錯誤。這是過度誇大的說法。文章只指出體溫可以反映身體狀況,並強調體溫會受到身高、體重、年齡、時間與外界溫度等因素影響,並未表示體溫能「告訴你一切」。選項中的 “everything” 與文章內容不符。
(E) Your Age and Your Temperature
「你的年齡與你的體溫」
第 41 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is based upon the self reports and behaviors of the individual. To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a person must satisfy three criteria. First, he or she must demonstrate two or more schizophrenic symptoms. These could be delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, exaggeratedly disorganized behavior, or lack of motivation for motion. Second, he or she must be dysfunctional in a social or work setting. Finally, the disturbance must continue for at least six months. — [1] —
Several subtypes of schizophrenia have been recognized. For example, a person with the catatonic subtype exhibits extreme withdrawal. — [2] — A person with the disorganized subtype has both thought disorders and inappropriate emotions. This type is known as hebephrenia. A person with the paranoid subtype has delusions and hallucinations but does not have thought disorders or inappropriate emotions. A new subtype currently under study is known as deficit syndrome. A person with this condition lacks emotions and is not interested in social interactions.
A wealth of data indicate stressful life events can cause schizophrenia. Foremost among these are childhood abuse and trauma. Events that occur before the fetus is born can also serve as a cause. The finding that people with schizophrenia are more likely to be born at certain times of year, notably winter or spring, at least in the northern hemisphere, led researchers to consider prenatal exposure and theorize that infection in the womb heightens the risk of schizophrenia. The fact that schizophrenia is usually diagnosed in late adolescence also suggests the importance of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. — [3] — A difficult family environment, school discipline problems, and poor peer relationships can all be factors.
Psychotherapy is offered to some patients. The most commonly-used form is cognitive behavioral therapy. This therapy can be helpful in dealing with issues of self-esteem, social relationships, and understanding the nature of the condition. Research has shown that only about fourteen percent of patients make a full recovery with the help of psychotherapy, drugs, or a combination of both. — [4] — Other research indicates that patients in developing countries have higher cure rates than do patients in the U.S. — [5] — This suggests that drug therapy may not be as effective as talk therapy with schizophrenic patients.
What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about the use of drug therapy with schizophrenic patients?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀測驗中的「推論題」:答案不一定逐字出現在文章中,而是要根據段落提供的比較關係,推導作者未明說但合理成立的結論。
本段討論 schizophrenia 的治療方式,重點比較:
- psychotherapy(心理治療、談話治療)
- drugs/drug therapy(藥物治療)
- developing countries(開發中國家)
- the U.S.(美國)
- cure rates(治癒率、康復率)
關鍵定位句
“Other research indicates that patients in developing countries have higher cure rates than do patients in the U.S.”
翻譯為:
其他研究指出,開發中國家的患者比美國患者有較高的治癒率。
接著文章說:
“This suggests that drug therapy may not be as effective as talk therapy with schizophrenic patients.”
翻譯為:
這表示,對思覺失調症患者而言,藥物治療的效果可能不如談話治療。
題目問的是:從第四段關於藥物治療的使用,可以推論出什麼?
解題方法
段落先指出心理治療常被使用,並說明心理治療可協助患者處理自尊、社交關係及疾病認知等問題。接著指出,開發中國家的患者治癒率高於美國患者,作者因此推論藥物治療的效果不如談話治療。
若開發中國家的藥物治療取得程度低於美國,但患者治癒率反而較高,合理推論是:開發中國家較少依賴藥物治療,且藥物治療的可取得性較低。這正是選項 D 的內容。
選項分析
(A) A higher percentage of people have schizophrenia in developing countries than in developed countries.
開發中國家罹患思覺失調症的人口比例較高。
錯誤。文章比較的是患者的「治癒率」:
“higher cure rates”
並未比較思覺失調症的「盛行率」或患者比例。治癒率較高不代表罹病人口比例較高,兩者是不同概念。
(B) Patients who talk about their drug therapy have lower cure rates.
談論藥物治療的患者有較低的治癒率。
錯誤。文章中的 talk therapy 是「談話治療」,不是「談論藥物治療」。選項將 talk about drug therapy 與 talk therapy 混淆,屬於字面誤導。
(C) A full recovery is more likely with drug and talk therapy combined than with just drugs.
合併藥物治療與談話治療,比單獨使用藥物更容易完全康復。
錯誤。文章只說:
“only about fourteen percent of patients make a full recovery with the help of psychotherapy, drugs, or a combination of both.”
第 42 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is based upon the self reports and behaviors of the individual. To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a person must satisfy three criteria. First, he or she must demonstrate two or more schizophrenic symptoms. These could be delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, exaggeratedly disorganized behavior, or lack of motivation for motion. Second, he or she must be dysfunctional in a social or work setting. Finally, the disturbance must continue for at least six months. — [1] —
Several subtypes of schizophrenia have been recognized. For example, a person with the catatonic subtype exhibits extreme withdrawal. — [2] — A person with the disorganized subtype has both thought disorders and inappropriate emotions. This type is known as hebephrenia. A person with the paranoid subtype has delusions and hallucinations but does not have thought disorders or inappropriate emotions. A new subtype currently under study is known as deficit syndrome. A person with this condition lacks emotions and is not interested in social interactions.
A wealth of data indicate stressful life events can cause schizophrenia. Foremost among these are childhood abuse and trauma. Events that occur before the fetus is born can also serve as a cause. The finding that people with schizophrenia are more likely to be born at certain times of year, notably winter or spring, at least in the northern hemisphere, led researchers to consider prenatal exposure and theorize that infection in the womb heightens the risk of schizophrenia. The fact that schizophrenia is usually diagnosed in late adolescence also suggests the importance of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. — [3] — A difficult family environment, school discipline problems, and poor peer relationships can all be factors.
Psychotherapy is offered to some patients. The most commonly-used form is cognitive behavioral therapy. This therapy can be helpful in dealing with issues of self-esteem, social relationships, and understanding the nature of the condition. Research has shown that only about fourteen percent of patients make a full recovery with the help of psychotherapy, drugs, or a combination of both. — [4] — Other research indicates that patients in developing countries have higher cure rates than do patients in the U.S. — [5] — This suggests that drug therapy may not be as effective as talk therapy with schizophrenic patients.
To which of the positions marked [1], [2], [3], [4], and [5] does the following sentence best belong?
“If the symptoms result from a drug, medication, or medical condition, schizophrenia is not diagnosed.”
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核心觀念
本題考「段落插入題」的語意銜接,重點在於判斷句子應放在哪一段,才能與前後文形成完整的論述。
文章第一段介紹《精神疾病診斷與統計手冊》(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM)對 schizophrenia 的診斷標準,包括:
- 出現兩項以上的精神分裂症症狀。
- 社交或工作功能失常。
- 症狀持續至少六個月。
待插入句說明另一項重要的「排除條件」:如果症狀是由藥物、用藥或身體疾病造成,就不能診斷為 schizophrenia。這是在補充 DSM 的診斷規範,因此應接在第一段診斷標準之後。
關鍵單字與片語
- diagnosis:診斷
- schizophrenia:精神分裂症
- self-report:自我陳述、自述
- behavior:行為
- satisfy criteria:符合標準
- demonstrate:呈現、表現出
- symptom:症狀
- delusion:妄想
- hallucination:幻覺
- disorganized speech:語無倫次、思緒混亂的言語
- dysfunctional:功能失常的
- social or work setting:社交或工作環境
- disturbance:失調、異常狀態
- continue for at least six months:持續至少六個月
- result from:起因於
- drug:毒品、藥物
- medication:醫療用藥
- medical condition:身體疾病或醫療狀況
- be diagnosed with:被診斷為……
文法與語意重點
插入句為:
“If the symptoms result from a drug, medication, or medical condition, schizophrenia is not diagnosed.”
「如果這些症狀是由毒品、藥物或身體疾病所造成,就不會診斷為精神分裂症。」
句型是:
其中:
- If the symptoms result from... 是條件副詞子句。
- result from 表示「起因於」。
- schizophrenia is not diagnosed 是被動語態,表示「精神分裂症不會被診斷」。
語意上,前文列出「符合哪些條件才能診斷」,插入句補充「哪些情況不能診斷」。這種「診斷條件+排除條件」的組合最完整。
解題方法
判斷插入句的位置,可依序掌握三點:
-
找出插入句的指涉對象。
句中的 the symptoms 指的是前文列出的 delusions、hallucinations、disorganized speech 等 schizophrenia symptoms。 -
判斷插入句的主題。
插入句談的是「診斷排除條件」,主題仍是 DSM 的診斷規則。 -
檢查前後段落主題是否一致。
第一段正在說明診斷標準,插入句接在該段末尾,可自然補足診斷規則;第二段開始改談 schizophrenia 的不同亞型,後面各段則討論成因與治療,主題均不相符。
定位答案的關鍵原文是:
“To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a person must satisfy three criteria.”
「根據《精神疾病診斷與統計手冊》,一個人若要被診斷為精神分裂症,必須符合三項標準。」
插入句正好補充:即使有相關症狀,若症狀源自藥物或身體疾病,也不能診斷為精神分裂症。因此放在 [1] 最合理。
選項分析
(A) [1] 正確
第 43 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is based upon the self reports and behaviors of the individual. To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a person must satisfy three criteria. First, he or she must demonstrate two or more schizophrenic symptoms. These could be delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, exaggeratedly disorganized behavior, or lack of motivation for motion. Second, he or she must be dysfunctional in a social or work setting. Finally, the disturbance must continue for at least six months. — [1] —
Several subtypes of schizophrenia have been recognized. For example, a person with the catatonic subtype exhibits extreme withdrawal. — [2] — A person with the disorganized subtype has both thought disorders and inappropriate emotions. This type is known as hebephrenia. A person with the paranoid subtype has delusions and hallucinations but does not have thought disorders or inappropriate emotions. A new subtype currently under study is known as deficit syndrome. A person with this condition lacks emotions and is not interested in social interactions.
A wealth of data indicate stressful life events can cause schizophrenia. Foremost among these are childhood abuse and trauma. Events that occur before the fetus is born can also serve as a cause. The finding that people with schizophrenia are more likely to be born at certain times of year, notably winter or spring, at least in the northern hemisphere, led researchers to consider prenatal exposure and theorize that infection in the womb heightens the risk of schizophrenia. The fact that schizophrenia is usually diagnosed in late adolescence also suggests the importance of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. — [3] — A difficult family environment, school discipline problems, and poor peer relationships can all be factors.
Psychotherapy is offered to some patients. The most commonly-used form is cognitive behavioral therapy. This therapy can be helpful in dealing with issues of self-esteem, social relationships, and understanding the nature of the condition. Research has shown that only about fourteen percent of patients make a full recovery with the help of psychotherapy, drugs, or a combination of both. — [4] — Other research indicates that patients in developing countries have higher cure rates than do patients in the U.S. — [5] — This suggests that drug therapy may not be as effective as talk therapy with schizophrenic patients.
Why does the writer mention the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in paragraph 1?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「作者提及某一資料或專有名詞之目的」。解題重點不是只看 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 的字面意思,而是觀察它在段落中的功能。
文章指出,依據《精神疾病診斷與統計手冊》,要診斷思覺失調症,患者必須符合三項標準:
- 出現兩項以上的思覺失調症狀。
- 在社交或工作場合中功能失常。
- 病症持續至少六個月。
因此,作者提到該手冊,是為了引出並列出理解思覺失調症診斷標準所需的三項條件。
解題方法
題目問:
Why does the writer mention the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in paragraph 1?
作者為什麼在第一段提到《精神疾病診斷與統計手冊》?
遇到「Why does the writer mention...」這類題型,應尋找該名詞前後的說明,判斷作者引用它的寫作目的。
定位句為:
To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a person must satisfy three criteria.
根據《精神疾病診斷與統計手冊》,一個人若要被診斷為思覺失調症,必須符合三項標準。
後文接著以 First、Second、Finally 條列三項標準,顯示該手冊的功能是作為診斷標準的依據,並協助讀者理解思覺失調症的判定條件。
所以正確答案是列出三項診斷標準的選項。
選項分析
(A) To list three criteria for understanding schizophrenia
為正確答案。
文中明確寫出:
a person must satisfy three criteria
一個人必須符合三項標準。
接下來依序說明:
- 必須有兩項以上的典型症狀;
- 在社交或工作環境中出現功能障礙;
- 病情至少持續六個月。
因此,提到 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,是為了提供診斷思覺失調症的正式標準,幫助讀者理解此疾病如何被判定。
(B) To ridicule schizophrenic symptoms
錯誤。
ridicule 意為「嘲笑、嘲弄」。文章以客觀、醫學性的語氣介紹症狀與診斷條件,沒有嘲諷思覺失調症患者,也沒有貶低相關症狀。題幹中的 delusions、hallucinations、disorganized speech 等內容,都是醫學上的症狀描述。
(C) To explain how schizophrenic patients make self-reports
錯誤。
self-reports 意為「自我陳述、自我報告」。文章開頭雖然提到:
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is based upon the self reports and behaviors of the individual.
思覺失調症的診斷是根據個人的自我陳述與行為。
但後文並未說明患者如何進行自我陳述,也沒有介紹自我報告的方式。Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 在文中的用途是提供診斷標準,不
第 44 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is based upon the self reports and behaviors of the individual. To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a person must satisfy three criteria. First, he or she must demonstrate two or more schizophrenic symptoms. These could be delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, exaggeratedly disorganized behavior, or lack of motivation for motion. Second, he or she must be dysfunctional in a social or work setting. Finally, the disturbance must continue for at least six months. — [1] —
Several subtypes of schizophrenia have been recognized. For example, a person with the catatonic subtype exhibits extreme withdrawal. — [2] — A person with the disorganized subtype has both thought disorders and inappropriate emotions. This type is known as hebephrenia. A person with the paranoid subtype has delusions and hallucinations but does not have thought disorders or inappropriate emotions. A new subtype currently under study is known as deficit syndrome. A person with this condition lacks emotions and is not interested in social interactions.
A wealth of data indicate stressful life events can cause schizophrenia. Foremost among these are childhood abuse and trauma. Events that occur before the fetus is born can also serve as a cause. The finding that people with schizophrenia are more likely to be born at certain times of year, notably winter or spring, at least in the northern hemisphere, led researchers to consider prenatal exposure and theorize that infection in the womb heightens the risk of schizophrenia. The fact that schizophrenia is usually diagnosed in late adolescence also suggests the importance of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. — [3] — A difficult family environment, school discipline problems, and poor peer relationships can all be factors.
Psychotherapy is offered to some patients. The most commonly-used form is cognitive behavioral therapy. This therapy can be helpful in dealing with issues of self-esteem, social relationships, and understanding the nature of the condition. Research has shown that only about fourteen percent of patients make a full recovery with the help of psychotherapy, drugs, or a combination of both. — [4] — Other research indicates that patients in developing countries have higher cure rates than do patients in the U.S. — [5] — This suggests that drug therapy may not be as effective as talk therapy with schizophrenic patients.
According to paragraph 2, a person who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and who is devoid of emotions and prefers to be left alone probably has which of the following subtypes?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解與疾病亞型的細節辨識。解題關鍵是將題目描述的症狀,與文章第二段對各種 schizophrenia subtypes(精神分裂症亞型)的定義逐一配對。
題目描述:
- devoid of emotions:缺乏情感
- prefers to be left alone:喜歡獨處、不喜歡社交互動
文章中明確指出,deficit syndrome 的患者具有「缺乏情感」及「對社交互動不感興趣」的特徵,因此答案為 Deficit syndrome。
解題方法
採用「症狀關鍵字比對法」:
- 找出題目中的核心症狀:
- devoid of emotions = lacks emotions
- prefers to be left alone = is not interested in social interactions
- 回到第二段,尋找與這兩項描述相符的亞型。
- 文章原文直接提供對應資訊:
“A person with this condition lacks emotions and is not interested in social interactions.”
翻譯為:
「患有此病症的人缺乏情感,也對社交互動不感興趣。」
前一句的 this condition 指的就是前文所提到的 deficit syndrome,所以答案直接確定為 (A)。
文章定位與語意重點
第二段先介紹幾種 schizophrenia 的亞型:
“For example, a person with the catatonic subtype exhibits extreme withdrawal.”
「例如,具有緊張型亞型的人會表現出極度退縮。」
接著文章介紹其他亞型:
“A person with the disorganized subtype has both thought disorders and inappropriate emotions.”
「具有混亂型亞型的人同時有思考障礙與不適當的情緒。」
“A person with the paranoid subtype has delusions and hallucinations but does not have thought disorders or inappropriate emotions.”
「具有偏執型亞型的人有妄想與幻覺,但沒有思考障礙或不適當的情緒。」
最後說明:
“A new subtype currently under study is known as deficit syndrome. A person with this condition lacks emotions and is not interested in social interactions.”
「目前正在研究的一種新亞型稱為缺損症候群。患有此病症的人缺乏情感,也對社交互動不感興趣。」
題目將最後一句改寫為:
- lacks emotions → is devoid of emotions
- is not interested in social interactions → prefers to be left alone
這是典型的同義改寫題。
選項分析
(A) Deficit syndrome
正確。文章明確指出,deficit syndrome 的特徵是:
- lacks emotions:缺乏情感
- is not interested in social interactions:對社交互動不感興趣
與題目中的 devoid of emotions 及 prefers to be left alone 完全相符。
(B) Catatonic subtype
錯誤。文章只說:
“exhibits extreme withdrawal”
表示「表現出極度退縮」。緊張型亞型的主要線索是極端退縮,並沒有明確指出「缺乏情感」及「對社交互動沒有興趣」這兩項特徵。題目所給的兩個關鍵症狀直接對應 deficit syndrome。
(C) Hebephrenia
錯誤。文章指出:
第 45 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is based upon the self reports and behaviors of the individual. To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a person must satisfy three criteria. First, he or she must demonstrate two or more schizophrenic symptoms. These could be delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, exaggeratedly disorganized behavior, or lack of motivation for motion. Second, he or she must be dysfunctional in a social or work setting. Finally, the disturbance must continue for at least six months. — [1] —
Several subtypes of schizophrenia have been recognized. For example, a person with the catatonic subtype exhibits extreme withdrawal. — [2] — A person with the disorganized subtype has both thought disorders and inappropriate emotions. This type is known as hebephrenia. A person with the paranoid subtype has delusions and hallucinations but does not have thought disorders or inappropriate emotions. A new subtype currently under study is known as deficit syndrome. A person with this condition lacks emotions and is not interested in social interactions.
A wealth of data indicate stressful life events can cause schizophrenia. Foremost among these are childhood abuse and trauma. Events that occur before the fetus is born can also serve as a cause. The finding that people with schizophrenia are more likely to be born at certain times of year, notably winter or spring, at least in the northern hemisphere, led researchers to consider prenatal exposure and theorize that infection in the womb heightens the risk of schizophrenia. The fact that schizophrenia is usually diagnosed in late adolescence also suggests the importance of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. — [3] — A difficult family environment, school discipline problems, and poor peer relationships can all be factors.
Psychotherapy is offered to some patients. The most commonly-used form is cognitive behavioral therapy. This therapy can be helpful in dealing with issues of self-esteem, social relationships, and understanding the nature of the condition. Research has shown that only about fourteen percent of patients make a full recovery with the help of psychotherapy, drugs, or a combination of both. — [4] — Other research indicates that patients in developing countries have higher cure rates than do patients in the U.S. — [5] — This suggests that drug therapy may not be as effective as talk therapy with schizophrenic patients.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 3?
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核心觀念
本題考「句意改寫」:從原句中抓出主詞、因果關係與推論方向,再判斷哪個選項完整保留原意。
原文關鍵句為:
The finding that people with schizophrenia are more likely to be born at certain times of year, notably winter or spring, at least in the northern hemisphere, led researchers to consider prenatal exposure and theorize that infection in the womb heightens the risk of schizophrenia.
翻譯:
研究發現,精神分裂症患者較可能在一年中的特定季節出生,尤其是冬季或春季;至少在北半球如此。這項發現使研究人員考慮胎兒出生前的暴露因素,並推論子宮內的感染會提高罹患精神分裂症的風險。
句子的核心邏輯是:
因此,正確選項必須同時包含:
- 出生季節的資料;
- 產前暴露;
- 感染可能導致精神分裂症或提高其風險。
解題方法
先找原句的主要結構:
- The finding that...:……的研究發現
- people with schizophrenia are more likely to be born...:精神分裂症患者較可能出生於特定季節
- led researchers to consider...:促使研究人員考慮……
- theorize that...:推論……
- infection in the womb heightens the risk...:子宮內感染提高……的風險
這不是在說「所有患者都出生於冬季或春季」,也不是說出生季節本身直接造成感染,而是指出:出生季節的統計關聯,促使研究人員提出「產前感染可能增加風險」的理論。
關鍵單字、片語與文法
- diagnosis:診斷
- schizophrenia:精神分裂症
- be more likely to:較可能……
- notably:尤其是、值得注意的是
- at least:至少
- the northern hemisphere:北半球
- lead A to V:促使 A 做某事
- prenatal exposure:產前暴露、胎兒出生前的暴露
- in the womb:在子宮內
- heighten the risk of:提高……的風險
- theorize that:推論、建立……的理論
文法上,The finding that... 中的 that 引導同位語名詞子句,說明「研究發現」的具體內容;led researchers to consider... and theorize... 中的兩個動詞由 and 連接,表示研究人員受到該發現影響後,進行兩項推論。
選項分析
(A) Most schizophrenics are born in winter or spring, which can cause an infection in the womb.
錯誤。
第 46 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Bubble tea isn’t a new arrival in the Tokyo drink landscape, but the beverage has recently enjoyed a popularity boom. — [1] — Perhaps you’ve passed a long line of adolescents in front of a store, or your Instagram feed has been overwhelmed by chunky straws and tapioca-filled, vacuum-sealed cups. — [2] —
The drink—which consists of flavored tea, often mixed with milk and sugar, with black tapioca balls at the bottom, waiting to be sucked up—originally comes from Taiwan, and has gained popularity internationally over the past few decades. Its arrival in Japan is a little less clear, though it seems the first real inroads bubble tea made in the country came at the start of the millennium. But the beverage has never been a true trend here until now. While bubble tea has had its devotees over the past decade and a half, it only recently connected with Japanese teens, the arbiters of culinary cool across the archipelago. — [3] — Perhaps owing to bubble tea’s photogenic properties, its colorful, layered toppings and add-ins easily visible in plastic cups, online outlets have referred to it as a nationwide “tapioca boom.” You know it has spilled over into the mainstream when YouTubers and J-pop idols try to cash in on the trend.
Although bubble tea comes in all kinds of flavors, customers tend to go for sweet options, with milk tea versions the most preferred. Sweetened versions have become so omnipresent that publications such as Joshi Spa have reported on how unhealthy the drink can be for you. — [4] —
The Koiwa neighborhood seems to be a hot spot for memorable bubble tea drinks, housing places such as Toki Seven Tea, Golden Ratio and the chain Chatime. A recent arrival comes in the form of Takusha no Cha, located near Shin-Koiwa Station. This one has caught on with the Instagram crowd thanks to fruit-heavy takes on bubble tea that load up on slices of strawberry and whipped cream alongside the soft tapioca pearls. These creations are definitely not for those trying to cut calories, but they rise above usual social media bait thanks to the actually enjoyable fruity flavors.
In the Tokyo bubble tea landscape, Gong Cha reigns supreme. If you see high-school-aged kids drinking out of big red straws, odds are they visited one of the 15 outposts spread throughout the capital. — [5] — Gong Cha consistently gets high marks from magazines and websites focused on trends, and the praise tends to be deserved.
According to paragraph 2, which of the following statements is true of the bubble tea in Japan?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位、因果關係與時間順序」。解題時須:
- 找出第二段描述 bubble tea 在日本流行原因的關鍵句。
- 判斷選項是否忠實符合原文。
- 特別注意時間副詞、否定詞,以及「因果」與「先後順序」是否被顛倒。
關鍵字與片語
- originate from:起源於
- gain popularity:受到歡迎、流行起來
- internationally:在國際間
- make inroads:打入、逐漸進入
- at the start of the millennium:千禧年初期,約指 2000 年前後
- a true trend:真正的流行趨勢
- devotee:愛好者、忠實支持者
- connect with:引起……的共鳴、受到……喜愛
- arbiters of culinary cool:飲食潮流的判定者;指青少年能決定什麼食物最流行
- appetite:食慾;本題為引申義,指喜好、興趣
定位關鍵句
第二段指出:
“While bubble tea has had its devotees over the past decade and a half, it only recently connected with Japanese teens, the arbiters of culinary cool across the archipelago.”
翻譯為:
雖然珍珠奶茶在過去十五年左右一直都有愛好者,但直到最近才真正受到日本青少年的喜愛;而日本青少年正是全國飲食潮流的判定者。
句中 “it only recently connected with Japanese teens” 表示珍珠奶茶最近才引起日本青少年的共鳴、受到他們喜愛。由於日本青少年具有帶動飲食流行的影響力,因此 bubble tea 才形成近年的 popularity boom。
校方釋疑所說的 “the arbiters of culinary cool across the archipelago” 即是:珍珠奶茶先受到日本青少年關注,再加上其外觀鮮豔、適合拍照等年輕人喜愛的特質,因而迅速流行。官方說明中的 “teens have an appetite for it” 是「青少年喜歡它」的意思,並非字面上的「有食慾」。
選項分析
(A) Bubble tea originates from Taiwan and arrived in Japan in the late 90s.
珍珠奶茶起源於臺灣,原文確實提到:
“The drink ... originally comes from Taiwan”
但原文對其進入日本的時間表示:
“it seems the first real inroads bubble tea made in the country came at the start of the millennium.”
意為「珍珠奶茶真正打入日本,似乎是在千禧年初期」。千禧年初期約為 2000 年前後,並非 1990 年代末期。因此本選項前半正確,後半時間錯誤,整體不成立。
(B) Bubble tea becomes really popular in Japan because Japanese teens have an appetite for it.
正確。原文說珍珠奶茶:
第 47 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Bubble tea isn’t a new arrival in the Tokyo drink landscape, but the beverage has recently enjoyed a popularity boom. — [1] — Perhaps you’ve passed a long line of adolescents in front of a store, or your Instagram feed has been overwhelmed by chunky straws and tapioca-filled, vacuum-sealed cups. — [2] —
The drink—which consists of flavored tea, often mixed with milk and sugar, with black tapioca balls at the bottom, waiting to be sucked up—originally comes from Taiwan, and has gained popularity internationally over the past few decades. Its arrival in Japan is a little less clear, though it seems the first real inroads bubble tea made in the country came at the start of the millennium. But the beverage has never been a true trend here until now. While bubble tea has had its devotees over the past decade and a half, it only recently connected with Japanese teens, the arbiters of culinary cool across the archipelago. — [3] — Perhaps owing to bubble tea’s photogenic properties, its colorful, layered toppings and add-ins easily visible in plastic cups, online outlets have referred to it as a nationwide “tapioca boom.” You know it has spilled over into the mainstream when YouTubers and J-pop idols try to cash in on the trend.
Although bubble tea comes in all kinds of flavors, customers tend to go for sweet options, with milk tea versions the most preferred. Sweetened versions have become so omnipresent that publications such as Joshi Spa have reported on how unhealthy the drink can be for you. — [4] —
The Koiwa neighborhood seems to be a hot spot for memorable bubble tea drinks, housing places such as Toki Seven Tea, Golden Ratio and the chain Chatime. A recent arrival comes in the form of Takusha no Cha, located near Shin-Koiwa Station. This one has caught on with the Instagram crowd thanks to fruit-heavy takes on bubble tea that load up on slices of strawberry and whipped cream alongside the soft tapioca pearls. These creations are definitely not for those trying to cut calories, but they rise above usual social media bait thanks to the actually enjoyable fruity flavors.
In the Tokyo bubble tea landscape, Gong Cha reigns supreme. If you see high-school-aged kids drinking out of big red straws, odds are they visited one of the 15 outposts spread throughout the capital. — [5] — Gong Cha consistently gets high marks from magazines and websites focused on trends, and the praise tends to be deserved.
In paragraph 2, what do “photogenic properties” mean?
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核心觀念
本題考閱讀理解中的「字詞語意判讀」,重點是根據上下文判斷片語 photogenic properties 的意思。
- photogenic:上相的、適合拍照的;指拍出來的外觀很吸引人。
- property:特性、性質。
- photogenic properties:上相的特性、在照片中呈現吸引力的外觀。
因此,這裡不是在描述泡泡茶會對光線產生反應,而是說泡泡茶的外觀很適合拍照、放在社群媒體上分享。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句為:
Perhaps owing to bubble tea’s photogenic properties, its colorful, layered toppings and add-ins easily visible in plastic cups, online outlets have referred to it as a nationwide “tapioca boom.”
可翻譯為:
也許是因為泡泡茶很上相,它色彩繽紛、層次分明的配料和添加物在塑膠杯中清楚可見,因此網路媒體稱這股風潮為全國性的「珍珠熱潮」。
句中 photogenic properties 後面緊接著說明泡泡茶具有:
- colorful:色彩繽紛的
- layered:有層次的
- easily visible:容易看見的
這些描述都是視覺上的吸引力,表示泡泡茶拍成照片後具有良好效果。因此正確意思是「泡泡茶在照片中看起來很漂亮」。
關鍵單字與片語
- bubble tea:泡泡茶、珍珠奶茶
- popularity boom:人氣暴增、流行熱潮
- chunky straws:粗大的吸管
- tapioca-filled cups:裝有木薯珍珠的杯子
- consist of:由……組成
- gain popularity:受到歡迎、流行起來
- make inroads:開始打入、逐漸普及
- devotee:愛好者、忠實支持者
- arbiters of culinary cool:飲食潮流的判定者
- photogenic:上相的、適合拍照的
- properties:特性、性質
- colorful, layered toppings:色彩繽紛且有層次的配料
- easily visible:清楚可見的
- spill over into the mainstream:擴散到主流社會
第 48 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Bubble tea isn’t a new arrival in the Tokyo drink landscape, but the beverage has recently enjoyed a popularity boom. — [1] — Perhaps you’ve passed a long line of adolescents in front of a store, or your Instagram feed has been overwhelmed by chunky straws and tapioca-filled, vacuum-sealed cups. — [2] —
The drink—which consists of flavored tea, often mixed with milk and sugar, with black tapioca balls at the bottom, waiting to be sucked up—originally comes from Taiwan, and has gained popularity internationally over the past few decades. Its arrival in Japan is a little less clear, though it seems the first real inroads bubble tea made in the country came at the start of the millennium. But the beverage has never been a true trend here until now. While bubble tea has had its devotees over the past decade and a half, it only recently connected with Japanese teens, the arbiters of culinary cool across the archipelago. — [3] — Perhaps owing to bubble tea’s photogenic properties, its colorful, layered toppings and add-ins easily visible in plastic cups, online outlets have referred to it as a nationwide “tapioca boom.” You know it has spilled over into the mainstream when YouTubers and J-pop idols try to cash in on the trend.
Although bubble tea comes in all kinds of flavors, customers tend to go for sweet options, with milk tea versions the most preferred. Sweetened versions have become so omnipresent that publications such as Joshi Spa have reported on how unhealthy the drink can be for you. — [4] —
The Koiwa neighborhood seems to be a hot spot for memorable bubble tea drinks, housing places such as Toki Seven Tea, Golden Ratio and the chain Chatime. A recent arrival comes in the form of Takusha no Cha, located near Shin-Koiwa Station. This one has caught on with the Instagram crowd thanks to fruit-heavy takes on bubble tea that load up on slices of strawberry and whipped cream alongside the soft tapioca pearls. These creations are definitely not for those trying to cut calories, but they rise above usual social media bait thanks to the actually enjoyable fruity flavors.
In the Tokyo bubble tea landscape, Gong Cha reigns supreme. If you see high-school-aged kids drinking out of big red straws, odds are they visited one of the 15 outposts spread throughout the capital. — [5] — Gong Cha consistently gets high marks from magazines and websites focused on trends, and the praise tends to be deserved.
Which of the following descriptions can be inferred about the Koiwa neighborhood from paragraph 4?
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核心觀念
本題是英文閱讀測驗中的「段落細節推論題」,考查:
- 能否從段落中的明確敘述,推論選項內容。
- 能否辨認選項是否過度延伸、添加原文沒有的資訊。
- 能否掌握因果關係與代名詞指涉。
解題重點不是尋找與選項完全相同的字,而是確認選項是否忠實改寫原文的意思。
關鍵句定位與翻譯
答案所在的第 4 段主要描述 Koiwa neighborhood,其中最關鍵的句子是:
This one has caught on with the Instagram crowd thanks to fruit-heavy takes on bubble tea that load up on slices of strawberry and whipped cream alongside the soft tapioca pearls.
其中 This one 指前一句提到的 Takusha no Cha。
翻譯:
這家店因為推出水果分量很重的珍珠奶茶而受到 Instagram 使用者的歡迎;這些飲品除了柔軟的珍珠外,還放入大量草莓片與鮮奶油。
這句明確指出:
- Takusha no Cha 是新近出現的店家。
- 它受到 Instagram 使用者歡迎。
- 受歡迎的原因是飲品加入大量水果與鮮奶油。
因此,選項 D 正確。
關鍵單字與片語
- neighborhood:街區、鄰里
- hot spot:熱門地點、熱門區域
- house:容納、設有
- housing places such as...:設有例如……的店家
- a recent arrival:新近出現的事物;新開的店家
- catch on with someone:受到某群人的歡迎
- the Instagram crowd:Instagram 使用者群體
- thanks to:由於、歸功於
- fruit-heavy:水果分量很多的
- take on:對某事物的呈現方式或變化版本
- load up on:大量加入、放入很多
- alongside:與……一起、在……旁邊
- tapioca pearls:木薯珍珠、珍珠奶茶中的粉圓
- rise above:勝過、高於一般水準
- social media bait:吸引社群媒體注意的噱頭
文法上,句中:
bubble tea that load up on slices of strawberry and whipped cream
關係代名詞 that 修飾前面的 fruit-heavy takes on bubble tea,說明這些珍珠奶茶版本大量加入草莓片與鮮奶油。
解題方法
第一步,確認題目要求的範圍。題目問的是:
What can be inferred about the Koiwa neighborhood from paragraph 4?
因此答案必須以第 4 段為依據,不能引用其他段落,也不能加入段落中沒有提到的資訊。
第二步,找出段落對 Koiwa 地區及其店家的主要描述:
The Koiwa neighborhood seems to be a hot spot for memorable bubble tea drinks...
表示 Koiwa 是珍珠奶茶的熱門區域。
接著文章特別介紹新店 Takusha no Cha,並指出:
This one has caught on with the Instagram crowd thanks to fruit-heavy takes on bubble tea...
這形成清楚的「受歡迎原因」:
第三步,將原文轉換成選項的同義表達。D 將:
- a recent arrival 改寫為 newly-opened bubble tea shop
- caught on with the Instagram crowd 改寫為 becomes popular on social media
- fruit-heavy takes... with slices of strawberry and whipped cream 改寫為 adds a lot of fruit as well as whipped cream
意思完全相符。
選項分析
(A) 錯誤
People in the Koiwa neighborhood can connect to the Internet at a higher speed without wires when they are having their bubble tea.
此選項聲稱 Koiwa 的店家提供高速無線網路,讓人喝珍珠奶茶時上網。
原文只提到 Instagram crowd,意思是 Instagram 使用者或社群媒體族群,並沒有提到:
第 49 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Bubble tea isn’t a new arrival in the Tokyo drink landscape, but the beverage has recently enjoyed a popularity boom. — [1] — Perhaps you’ve passed a long line of adolescents in front of a store, or your Instagram feed has been overwhelmed by chunky straws and tapioca-filled, vacuum-sealed cups. — [2] —
The drink—which consists of flavored tea, often mixed with milk and sugar, with black tapioca balls at the bottom, waiting to be sucked up—originally comes from Taiwan, and has gained popularity internationally over the past few decades. Its arrival in Japan is a little less clear, though it seems the first real inroads bubble tea made in the country came at the start of the millennium. But the beverage has never been a true trend here until now. While bubble tea has had its devotees over the past decade and a half, it only recently connected with Japanese teens, the arbiters of culinary cool across the archipelago. — [3] — Perhaps owing to bubble tea’s photogenic properties, its colorful, layered toppings and add-ins easily visible in plastic cups, online outlets have referred to it as a nationwide “tapioca boom.” You know it has spilled over into the mainstream when YouTubers and J-pop idols try to cash in on the trend.
Although bubble tea comes in all kinds of flavors, customers tend to go for sweet options, with milk tea versions the most preferred. Sweetened versions have become so omnipresent that publications such as Joshi Spa have reported on how unhealthy the drink can be for you. — [4] —
The Koiwa neighborhood seems to be a hot spot for memorable bubble tea drinks, housing places such as Toki Seven Tea, Golden Ratio and the chain Chatime. A recent arrival comes in the form of Takusha no Cha, located near Shin-Koiwa Station. This one has caught on with the Instagram crowd thanks to fruit-heavy takes on bubble tea that load up on slices of strawberry and whipped cream alongside the soft tapioca pearls. These creations are definitely not for those trying to cut calories, but they rise above usual social media bait thanks to the actually enjoyable fruity flavors.
In the Tokyo bubble tea landscape, Gong Cha reigns supreme. If you see high-school-aged kids drinking out of big red straws, odds are they visited one of the 15 outposts spread throughout the capital. — [5] — Gong Cha consistently gets high marks from magazines and websites focused on trends, and the praise tends to be deserved.
Which of the following statements best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 5?
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核心觀念
本題考「句意改寫(paraphrase)」:選出與原句核心資訊、邏輯關係及地點皆相同的選項。
重點句為:
If you see high-school-aged kids drinking out of big red straws, odds are they visited one of the 15 outposts spread throughout the capital.
可拆解為:
- If ...:如果……
- high-school-aged kids:高中年齡的孩子、高中生
- drink out of ...:用……飲用
- odds are ...:很可能……
- one of the 15 outposts:15 家分店中的一家
- spread throughout the capital:遍布首都各地;此處的 the capital 指東京
全句翻譯:
如果你看到高中生用大型紅色吸管喝飲料,他們很可能是到東京各地的 15 家 Gong Cha 分店之一購買的。
因此句子的核心意思是:Gong Cha 在東京有許多分布各地的分店,所以高中生很可能會喝到 Gong Cha 的珍珠奶茶。
解題方法
先抓出原句的三個主要資訊:
- 地點是 Tokyo/the capital,不是 Kyoto。
- Gong Cha 有 15 家分店,分布在東京各地。
- 看到高中生使用紅色吸管時,推測他們很可能喝的是 Gong Cha;「紅色吸管」是辨識線索,不是高中生喜歡 Gong Cha 的原因。
選項中只要同時保留「東京」、「許多分店」及「高中生很可能喝 Gong Cha」這三層意思,即為正確答案。
選項分析
(A) 正確
Gong Cha has a lot of faraway branch stores in Tokyo so high-school-aged children in Tokyo are likely to drink Gong Cha’s bubble tea.
此選項保留原句的主要意思:
- branch stores in Tokyo 對應 15 outposts spread throughout the capital
- high-school-aged children 對應 high-school-aged kids
- 「高中生很可能喝 Gong Cha」符合 odds are they visited one of the 15 outposts
其中 faraway 並非 spread throughout 最精確的翻譯;原文是「分布在東京各地」,不是單純「遙遠的」。
第 50 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Bubble tea isn’t a new arrival in the Tokyo drink landscape, but the beverage has recently enjoyed a popularity boom. — [1] — Perhaps you’ve passed a long line of adolescents in front of a store, or your Instagram feed has been overwhelmed by chunky straws and tapioca-filled, vacuum-sealed cups. — [2] —
The drink—which consists of flavored tea, often mixed with milk and sugar, with black tapioca balls at the bottom, waiting to be sucked up—originally comes from Taiwan, and has gained popularity internationally over the past few decades. Its arrival in Japan is a little less clear, though it seems the first real inroads bubble tea made in the country came at the start of the millennium. But the beverage has never been a true trend here until now. While bubble tea has had its devotees over the past decade and a half, it only recently connected with Japanese teens, the arbiters of culinary cool across the archipelago. — [3] — Perhaps owing to bubble tea’s photogenic properties, its colorful, layered toppings and add-ins easily visible in plastic cups, online outlets have referred to it as a nationwide “tapioca boom.” You know it has spilled over into the mainstream when YouTubers and J-pop idols try to cash in on the trend.
Although bubble tea comes in all kinds of flavors, customers tend to go for sweet options, with milk tea versions the most preferred. Sweetened versions have become so omnipresent that publications such as Joshi Spa have reported on how unhealthy the drink can be for you. — [4] —
The Koiwa neighborhood seems to be a hot spot for memorable bubble tea drinks, housing places such as Toki Seven Tea, Golden Ratio and the chain Chatime. A recent arrival comes in the form of Takusha no Cha, located near Shin-Koiwa Station. This one has caught on with the Instagram crowd thanks to fruit-heavy takes on bubble tea that load up on slices of strawberry and whipped cream alongside the soft tapioca pearls. These creations are definitely not for those trying to cut calories, but they rise above usual social media bait thanks to the actually enjoyable fruity flavors.
In the Tokyo bubble tea landscape, Gong Cha reigns supreme. If you see high-school-aged kids drinking out of big red straws, odds are they visited one of the 15 outposts spread throughout the capital. — [5] — Gong Cha consistently gets high marks from magazines and websites focused on trends, and the praise tends to be deserved.
To which of the positions marked [1], [2], [3], [4], and [5] does the following sentence best belong?
“So maybe bubble tea isn’t something to sip on every single day, but its current popularity has resulted in an unprecedented variety of stores offering the drink in the city for the occasional indulgence.”
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核心觀念
本題考的是「篇章結構與句子插入」。判斷句子應放在哪個位置,須觀察:
- 代名詞與指示語是否有明確 antecedent(先行詞)。
- 連接詞如 So、but 是否符合前後文邏輯。
- 插入句的功能是總結、轉折,還是引出後文例證。
- 前後段落的主題是否能自然銜接。
待插入句:
“So maybe bubble tea isn’t something to sip on every single day, but its current popularity has resulted in an unprecedented variety of stores offering the drink in the city for the occasional indulgence.”
翻譯:
「所以,珍珠奶茶或許不適合每天飲用,但它目前的流行,已使東京出現前所未有、提供這種飲品的各式店家,讓人偶爾享用。」
句中 So 表示承接前文作結論;but 形成「不宜天天喝」與「仍可偶爾享用」的轉折;後半句則引出東京各地珍珠奶茶店的多樣性。
解題方法
先看各段主旨:
- 第一段:珍珠奶茶在東京近期大受歡迎的現象。
- 第二段:珍珠奶茶的來源,以及在日本流行的歷史。
- 第三段:珍珠奶茶雖然受歡迎,但含糖量高、可能不健康。
- 第四段:東京各地的珍珠奶茶店,特別介紹 Koiwa 區的店家。
- 第五段:介紹東京最具代表性的 Gong Cha。
第三段最後提到:
“Sweetened versions have become so omnipresent that publications such as Joshi Spa have reported on how unhealthy the drink can be for you.”
翻譯:
「加糖版本已經普遍到各處可見,因此像《Joshi Spa》這類刊物也報導了這種飲料對健康可能造成的不良影響。」
接著插入句先承接「不健康、不宜天天喝」的內容:
“So maybe bubble tea isn’t something to sip on every single day”
再以 but 轉折,說明即使不適合天天喝,流行仍帶來大量店家:
“its current popularity has resulted in an unprecedented variety of stores offering the drink in the city”
下一段立刻以 Koiwa 區為例:
“The Koiwa neighborhood seems to be a hot spot for memorable bubble tea drinks, housing places such as Toki Seven Tea, Golden Ratio and the chain Chatime.”
翻譯:
「Koiwa 地區似乎是值得記住的珍珠奶茶飲品熱門地點,當地有 Toki Seven Tea、Golden Ratio 及連鎖店 Chatime 等店家。」
插入句中的 variety of stores,正好由後文列出的多家店鋪加以具體說明。因此最自然的位置是 [4]。
文法與語意重點
- So + 子句
So 可表示「因此、所以」,通常承接前文的事實或理由。前文指出珍珠奶茶含糖量高、可能不健康,因此後文作出「不適合每天飲用」的結論,語意連貫。
- not … every single day
every single day 是強調用法,意為「每天、每一天」,比單純的 every day 語氣更強。
- but
此處為對等連接詞,連接兩個完整子句:
- bubble tea isn’t something to sip on every single day
- its current popularity has resulted in an unprecedented variety of stores
前後形成讓步與轉折:「雖然不適合天天喝,但是……」。
- result in
result in + 結果 表示「導致、造成」。
popularity has resulted in a variety of stores
流行造成了各式各樣的店家出現
不可與 result from 混淆;result from 表示「起因於」。
- an unprecedented variety of
unprecedented 表示「前所未有的、空前的」;variety of 表示「各式各樣的、多樣的」。
- for the occasional indulgence
occasional 是「偶爾的」;indulgence 在此指「享受、放縱一次」,整體意為「偶爾享用」。這與前文的健康疑慮相互呼應,也使語氣不至於變成完全否定珍珠奶茶。
選項分析
(A) [1]
[1] 位於第一段開頭:
第 Essay Writing 題20 分
Write an essay of at least 200 words in an appropriate style on the following topic.
As a medical practitioner, you may need to face patients and families with strong emotions, especially when the patients’ conditions are critical. In what ways do you think it is important to deal with the emotions of the patients and families, and what will be your strategies to deal with them? Use examples to elaborate on your response.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題屬於「醫療倫理+情境論說文」寫作,重點不在醫學知識,而在考生能否以醫療人員的角度,說明如何面對重症患者及家屬的強烈情緒。文章必須同時處理兩個層面:
- 為何必須妥善處理情緒:情緒會影響患者理解病情、接受治療、表達意願及醫病信任。
- 如何實際處理情緒:提出具體策略,並以醫療情境舉例說明。
適合採用正式、理性且具同理心的議論文語氣。文章主軸可設定為:
A good medical practitioner should combine empathy, clear communication, respect for autonomy, and professional boundaries when dealing with emotionally distressed patients and families.
也就是:優良的醫療人員面對情緒受創的患者與家屬時,應結合同理心、清楚溝通、尊重自主權及專業界線。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句:
“In what ways do you think it is important to deal with the emotions of the patients and families, and what will be your strategies to deal with them?”
翻譯:
你認為以哪些方式處理患者與家屬的情緒是重要的?你將採取哪些策略來面對這些情緒?
這句話明確要求兩項內容:
- 說明「處理情緒的重要性」。
- 提出「具體可行的策略」。
題幹最後又要求:
“Use examples to elaborate on your response.”
翻譯:
使用例子詳細闡述你的回答。
因此,文章不可只列出抽象原則,必須加入如「告知病情惡化」「家屬對治療產生爭執」「患者拒絕治療」等具體案例。
關鍵單字與片語
- medical practitioner:醫療從業人員、醫師
- face patients and families:面對患者與家屬
- strong emotions:強烈情緒
- critical condition:危急病情
- deal with:處理、應對
- emotional distress:情緒困擾
- empathy:同理心
- active listening:積極傾聽
- deliver bad news:告知壞消息
- in plain language:以白話、易懂的語言
- informed consent:知情同意
- respect patients’ autonomy:尊重患者自主權
- shared decision-making:共同決策
- professional boundaries:專業界線
- provide emotional support:提供情緒支持
- refer someone to:轉介某人至……
- health-care team:醫療團隊
- maintain composure:保持冷靜
- reassure:安撫、使安心
- acknowledge:承認、正視
- grief:哀傷
- uncertainty:不確定性
- palliative care:緩和醫療
- end-of-life care:臨終照護
文法與語意重點
- 情態助動詞 may
題幹使用:
“you may need to face patients and families”
表示「可能需要」,語氣比 保守,符合醫療工作中各種情境皆可能發生的語意。
- especially when 引導時間或情境副詞子句
“especially when the patients’ conditions are critical”
意思是「尤其當患者病情危急時」。文章可使用相同句型:
Emotional communication becomes especially important when a patient is facing a life-threatening illness.
- what will be your strategies
此處要求考生提出未來身為醫療人員的做法,因此可大量使用:
- I would...
- I would try to...
- My first strategy would be...
- I would make sure that...
這些句型能清楚呈現個人策略。
- 平行結構
提出多項策略時,應保持詞性一致:
listen carefully, explain clearly, and respond respectfully
三者皆為動詞,可使句子結構整齊。
- 具體例證句型
- For example, ...
- For instance, ...
- A typical situation would be when...
- In such a case, ...
例子之後必須補充「這個做法為何有效」,不能只描述事件。
解題方法
可採用五段式架構:
- 引言:指出重症醫療不只處理身體疾病,也必須處理患者與家屬的心理反應。
- 重要性:說明情緒處理與醫病信任、治療合作、知情決策的關係。
- 策略一:同理心與積極傾聽:先承認情緒,再聆聽患者或家屬的擔心。
- 策略二:清楚溝通與共同決策:使用簡單語言,說明病情、治療選擇及預後,尊重患者價值觀。
- 策略三:團隊支持與專業界線+結論:必要時轉介心理師、社工或安寧團隊,同時維持專業冷靜。
每一個策略都應包含:
做法 → 醫療情境 → 產生的效果
例如:
使用白話解釋病情 → 家屬得知患者病情惡化而情緒激動 → 家屬較能理解現況並參與治療決策。
參考範文
As a medical practitioner, I believe that treating emotional distress is as important as treating physical illness. When patients are critically ill, they may feel frightened, helpless, or angry. Their families may also experience anxiety, guilt, and grief. If these emotions are ignored, patients may lose trust in the medical team, and families may have difficulty understanding or accepting import