義守大學 113 年 《英文》

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第 1 題2 分

The _________ of the artist's work was a testament to their creativity.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 關鍵單字辨義。
  2. 名詞放入句中的語意判斷。
  3. 搭配語 a testament to ... 的理解。

句型為:

The + 名詞 + of the artist's work + was a testament to their creativity.

a testament to ... 表示「是……的證明/見證」。題幹已明確指出藝術家的作品展現出 creativity(創意、創造力),因此空格應填入與「創意」語意相近的名詞。

解題方法

先定位關鍵語意:

The _________ of the artist's work was a testament to their creativity.
藝術家作品的____是其創造力的見證。

a testament to their creativity 是答案線索,表示空格所填內容應該是「作品中展現的創造性、巧思或獨創能力」。

四個選項皆為名詞,但只有 ingenuity 符合「創意、巧思、機智創造力」的語意,因此選擇 (D)。

選項分析

(A) banality

banality 意為「陳腐、平庸、老套的事物或言論」。

若填入句中:

The banality of the artist's work was a testament to their creativity.
藝術家作品的陳腐是其創造力的見證。

banality 表示缺乏新意、內容平凡老套,與 creativity(創造力)形成矛盾,因此不符合語境。

(B) prolixity

prolixity 意為「冗長、囉嗦、贅述」。

若填入句中:

The prolixity of the artist's work was a testament to their creativity.
藝術家作品的冗長是其創造力的見證。

prolixity 通常用來形容文章、演講或表達方式過度冗長,並不表示藝術作品具有創意;它與後面的 creativity 沒有合理的語意連結,因此錯誤。

(C) temerity

temerity 意為「魯莽、大膽妄為、冒失」。

若填入句中:

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第 2 題2 分

In Western medicine, the use of _________ drugs is crucial for managing conditions that involve inflammation, such as arthritis.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「醫學相關字彙」與「語意搭配」。題幹關鍵是:

In Western medicine, the use of _________ drugs is crucial for managing conditions that involve inflammation, such as arthritis.
在西醫中,使用_________藥物,對於處理涉及發炎的疾病(例如關節炎)至關重要。

句中明確出現 inflammation(發炎),因此空格應填入表示「抗發炎的」形容詞 anti-inflammatory。

關鍵單字與片語

  • Western medicine:西醫
  • the use of:……的使用
  • drug:藥物
  • crucial:至關重要的
  • manage:處理、控制
  • condition:疾病、病況
  • inflammation:發炎、炎症
  • arthritis:關節炎
  • anti-inflammatory:抗發炎的
  • antibiotic:抗生素的
  • antiviral:抗病毒的
  • analgesic:止痛的、鎮痛的

解題方法

先找出題幹中的疾病機轉提示詞:

conditions that involve inflammation

意思是「涉及發炎的疾病」。因此空格中的藥物必須具有抑制發炎反應的功能。

anti-inflammatory drugs 指「抗發炎藥物」,可藉由抑制發炎介質、降低紅腫熱痛等方式改善發炎相關疾病,與 arthritis 的語意最直接吻合。

文法上,四個選項皆可放在 drugs 前作形容詞,因此本題主要不是文法判斷,而是依醫學語意選字。

選項分析

(A) antibiotic

antibiotic drugs 意為「抗生素藥物」,主要用於治療由細菌引起的感染,例如細菌性肺炎、尿道感染。

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第 3 題2 分

The company's new marketing strategy aims to _________ its brand image.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「動詞字義」與「語意搭配」。句型為:

aims to + 原形動詞\text{aims to + 原形動詞}

aim to 表示「旨在、企圖」,後面接原形動詞。題幹中的受詞是 its brand image,意為「該公司的品牌形象」,因此空格應填入能表達「強化品牌形象」的動詞。

題幹定位與翻譯

The company's new marketing strategy aims to _________ its brand image.

翻譯:

該公司的新行銷策略旨在____其品牌形象。

brand image 通常指消費者對某品牌形成的整體印象、評價與認知。行銷策略的正常目的通常是提升、強化品牌形象,因此應選擇具有「增強」意義的動詞。

解題方法

先判斷句子的正負語意:

  • marketing strategy:行銷策略
  • aims to:旨在
  • brand image:品牌形象

題意應是「透過新的行銷策略,使品牌形象更強、更正面」。四個選項中,只有 bolster 直接表示「支持、加強、強化」,與 brand image 搭配最自然。

完整句子為:

The company's new marketing strategy aims to bolster its brand image.

意思是:

該公司的新行銷策略旨在強化其品牌形象。

選項分析

(A) vitiate

vitiate 為動詞,意為「損害、破壞、使失效、使墮落」。

例如:

The scandal vitiated the company's reputation.
這起醜聞損害了公司的聲譽。

將它放入題目後:

The marketing strategy aims to vitiate its brand image.

意思變成「行銷策略旨在損害自己的品牌形象」,與一般行銷策略的正向目的及題意不符,因此錯誤。

(B) bolster

bolster 為動詞,意為「支持、鼓舞、加強、強化」。

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第 4 題2 分

The _________ of the scientist's research methods ensured that the study's findings were reliable and reproducible.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「字義判斷」與「語意搭配」。句意指出,科學家的研究方法具備某種特質,因此研究結果可靠且可重複驗證。關鍵在於:

  • reliable:可靠的
  • reproducible:可再現的、可重複做出相同結果的

能確保研究品質的特質應是「嚴謹、精確」,因此答案為 rigor。

題幹定位與翻譯

The rigor of the scientist's research methods ensured that the study's findings were reliable and reproducible.

翻譯:

這位科學家研究方法的嚴謹性,確保了該研究結果的可靠性與可重複性。

句型結構為:

  • The rigor of the scientist's research methods:主詞,意為「這位科學家研究方法的嚴謹性」
  • ensured:確保
  • the study's findings:該研究的發現/研究結果
  • were reliable and reproducible:是可靠且可重複驗證的

空格後接 of the scientist's research methods,因此空格應填入一個抽象名詞,表示研究方法的某種特質。

解題方法

先掌握句子的因果關係:

研究方法的某種特質 →\rightarrow 研究結果可靠且可重複

科學研究若要產生可靠、可再現的結果,研究方法必須具備嚴謹性與精確性。rigor 正是「嚴謹、嚴格、精密」之意,符合正面語意。

此外,the rigor of ... 是常見搭配,表示「……的嚴謹性」。

選項分析

(A) rigor

名詞,意為「嚴謹、嚴格、精確、嚴密」。

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第 5 題2 分

The company's commitment to sustainability is evident in its use of renewable energy sources and _________ waste management practices.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「形容詞字義判斷」與「語境正負意義」。句子描述公司對永續發展的重視,並列舉其具體表現:

  • 使用再生能源
  • 採取仔細、周密的廢棄物管理措施

因此空格需要填入具有正面意義、表示「仔細周密」的形容詞,答案為 meticulous。


題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句為:

The company's commitment to sustainability is evident in its use of renewable energy sources and _________ waste management practices.

翻譯:

這家公司對永續發展的重視,明顯表現在其使用再生能源,以及採取________的廢棄物管理措施。

前半句的 use of renewable energy sources 是正面且符合永續理念的行動,因此與其並列的 waste management practices 也應是妥善、嚴謹的管理方式。


文法與語意重點

句型為:

be evident in A and B

表示「在 A 與 B 中顯而易見」。

其中:

  • its use of renewable energy sources:名詞片語
  • meticulous waste management practices:形容詞修飾名詞的片語

空格後方是名詞片語 waste management practices,因此空格應填入形容詞,四個選項皆符合詞性;真正的判斷關鍵在於字義與語境。

meticulous 表示「一絲不苟的、極其仔細的、周密的」,可自然修飾 waste management practices,形成「周密的廢棄物管理措施」。

完整句意為:

這家公司對永續發展的重視,明顯表現在其使用再生能源,以及採取周密的廢棄物管理措施。


選項分析

(A) negligent

negligent 意為「疏忽的、怠忽職守的、未盡責的」。

  • negligent waste management practices
    = 疏忽的廢棄物管理措施
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第 6 題2 分

The __________ use of antibiotics in livestock farming has contributed to the rise of antibiotic-resistant superbugs, posing a significant threat to public health.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「形容詞的語意辨析」,尤其是描述資源或藥物使用方式時,必須依據上下文判斷是「節制、審慎使用」還是「浪費、過度使用」。

題幹關鍵句為:

The __________ use of antibiotics in livestock farming has contributed to the rise of antibiotic-resistant superbugs, posing a significant threat to public health.

翻譯:
「畜牧業中________使用抗生素,已促成抗生素抗藥性超級細菌的增加,對公共衛生造成重大威脅。」

後半句的 has contributed to the rise of antibiotic-resistant superbugs 明確指出:抗生素的使用方式造成抗藥性細菌增加,因此前面的形容詞必須具有「過度、不當、浪費性使用」的負面意義。

解題方法

空格位於名詞片語 the ______ use of antibiotics 中,詞性須為形容詞,用來修飾 use。

判斷步驟如下:

  1. 先確認語法:四個選項都是形容詞,皆可放在 use 前面。
  2. 再判斷語意:抗生素使用過度,會增加細菌受到藥物篩選的機會。
  3. 在抗生素壓力下,原本具有抗藥性的細菌較容易存活並繁殖,抗藥性因而擴散。
  4. 因此答案應為表示「揮霍的、浪費的、過度的」之 profligate。

選項分析

(A) prudent:審慎的、謹慎的、明智的

例如:

  • prudent use of antibiotics:審慎使用抗生素
  • prudent decision:明智的決定

prudent use 通常表示遵照醫療規範、適時且適量使用抗生素,這類使用方式有助於降低抗藥性風險。題幹卻說這種使用方式促成超級細菌增加,語意不合,因此錯誤。

(B) judicious:明智的、審慎的、適當的

例如:

  • judicious use of medication:適當使用藥物
  • judicious use of resources:審慎運用資源

judicious 與 prudent 意義相近,都帶有正面評價,表示經過判斷後合理使用。若題幹描述的是適當使用抗生素,這個字可以成立;但本題結果是抗藥性超級細菌增加,故不符合上下文。

(C) profligate:揮霍的、浪費的、放縱的、過度的

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第 7 題2 分

The development of __________ algorithms capable of recognizing and mitigating biases in data sets is crucial for ensuring fairness and equity in AI systems.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字彙辨析」與「語意判斷」,並涉及現在分詞作形容詞及複合形容詞的用法。

題幹句型為:

The development of __________ algorithms capable of recognizing and mitigating biases in data sets is crucial for ensuring fairness and equity in AI systems.

翻譯:

開發出能夠辨識並減輕資料集偏見的去偏誤演算法,對確保人工智慧系統的公平與平等至關重要。

句中關鍵語意是:

  • recognize biases:辨識偏見
  • mitigate biases:減輕、緩和偏見
  • data sets:資料集
  • fairness and equity:公平與公正、平等
  • AI systems:人工智慧系統

因此,空格應填入表示「消除偏見、降低偏誤」的字,答案為 debiasing。

解題方法

先觀察空格後的名詞 algorithms,空格需要作為形容詞修飾「演算法」,說明這些演算法的功能或目的。

後面的分詞片語:

capable of recognizing and mitigating biases in data sets

進一步說明這些演算法「能辨識並減輕資料集中的偏見」。既然演算法的功能是處理資料偏見,最符合語意的修飾語就是 debiasing,意為「去除偏誤的、降低偏見的」。

完整句意為:

開發能辨識並減輕資料集偏見的去偏誤演算法,對確保人工智慧系統的公平與公正至關重要。

選項分析

(A) obfuscating

obfuscate 意為「使混淆、使模糊、故意遮掩」,obfuscating algorithms 可理解為「使資訊變得難以理解的演算法」。

此選項與後文的 recognizing and mitigating biases 不合。題目強調演算法要辨識並減少偏見,而 obfuscating 是使資訊更不清楚,無法表達改善偏誤、公平化資料的概念,因此錯誤。

(B) debiasing

debias 是由 de-「去除、減少」及 bias「偏見、偏誤」組成,意為「去除偏見、降低偏誤」。debiasing algorithms 就是「去偏誤演算法」。

這些演算法能夠:

  • 辨識資料中的偏見;
  • 減輕或修正資料偏誤;
  • 協助人工智慧系統提升公平性與公正性。

它與 recognizing and mitigating biases 形成直接的語意呼應,完全符合句意,因此正確。

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第 8 題2 分

Some people are concerned about the health effects of food __________, which are often used to enhance flavor or prolong shelf life.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查食品相關字彙的語意辨析,以及名詞與句意的搭配。

題幹指出:

Some people are concerned about the health effects of food __________, which are often used to enhance flavor or prolong shelf life.
有些人擔心食品____對健康造成的影響;這些物質常被用來增強風味或延長保存期限。

關鍵線索是:

  • enhance flavor:增強風味
  • prolong shelf life:延長保存期限
  • health effects:健康影響

能被用來增強風味或延長保存期限的食品物質是 food additives(食品添加物)。

解題方法

先判斷空格所指的名詞,必須符合兩項功能:

  1. 增強食物風味
  2. 延長食品保存期限

英文中,為達到調味、保色、防腐或延長保存期限等目的,而額外添加至食品中的物質,稱為 additives。因此:

food additives = 食品添加物

題幹中的關係代名詞 which 指的是前面的複數名詞 food additives;are often used 也使用複數動詞,與 additives 的數一致。

選項分析

(A) fibers

fiber 是「纖維」,food fibers 指食品纖維或膳食纖維。纖維主要與促進腸道蠕動、增加飽足感及維持消化健康有關,並非通常用來增強風味或延長食品保存期限,因此不符合題幹語意。

(B) additives

additive 是「添加物」,food additives 是「食品添加物」。食品添加物可用於:

  • 增強或改善風味
  • 防止腐敗
  • 延長保存期限
  • 改善色澤、質地或穩定性
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第 9 題2 分

To preserve fruits, one common method is to __________ them by removing their moisture content.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與「語意搭配」。題幹已明確指出保存水果的方法是:

by removing their moisture content
「藉由移除水果中的水分」

因此,空格應填入表示「脫水、去除水分」的動詞。

題幹定位與翻譯

To preserve fruits, one common method is to dehydrate them by removing their moisture content.

翻譯:
「為了保存水果,一種常見的方法是藉由移除水果中的水分,使水果脫水。」

其中:

  • preserve:保存、防腐
  • fruit:水果;此處用複數 fruits
  • common method:常見的方法
  • dehydrate:使脫水、除去水分
  • remove:移除、去除
  • moisture content:含水量、水分含量

解題方法

先抓關鍵線索 removing their moisture content。水果含水量降低,就是「脫水」,英文為 dehydrate。

句型為:

one common method is to + 原形動詞

因此空格後的動詞必須使用原形。四個選項雖然皆為動詞,但只有 dehydrate 同時符合文法與語意。

水果脫水後,微生物較不易繁殖,酵素作用也會減弱,因此可延長保存期限。

選項分析

(A) dehydrate

意為「使脫水、除去水分」,符合題幹的 removing their moisture content。

  • dehydrate fruits:使水果脫水
  • 與「移除水分」的定義完全一致
  • 符合句型 is to dehydrate

因此為正確答案。

(B) saturate

意為「使充滿、使飽和、使浸透」。例如:

  • saturate a sponge with water:使海綿吸滿水
  • saturate the market:使市場達到飽和
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第 10 題2 分

_________ is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「近義字辨析」與英文定義判讀。題幹以解釋的方式描述某個抽象名詞:

“_________ is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another.”
「_________ 是理解並分享他人感受的能力。」

其中,關鍵定義是 understand and share the feelings of another,意思是「理解並感受他人的情緒」。符合此定義的單字是 empathy。

解題方法

先判斷詞性。句型為:

名詞主詞+be動詞+名詞定義\text{名詞主詞}+\text{be動詞}+\text{名詞定義}

空格需要填入一個表示某種心理特質或能力的名詞。再利用題幹中的語意線索:

  • understand:理解
  • share the feelings:感受、體會他人的情緒
  • another:另一個人、他人

「理解並感受他人的情緒」正是 empathy 的定義,因此選 (C)。

關鍵單字與片語

  • ability:能力
  • understand:理解
  • share:分享;此處指「共同感受、體會」
  • feelings:感受、情緒
  • another:另一個人;他人
  • empathy:同理心;設身處地理解並感受他人情緒的能力
  • compassion:同情、憐憫;對他人的痛苦產生關懷並希望予以幫助
  • symphony:交響樂;交響曲
  • apathy:冷漠、缺乏興趣或感情

文法與語意重點

題幹使用現在式:

“Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another.”

句中的 is 連接主詞 Empathy 與後面的名詞片語 the ability...,用來說明「同理心是什麼」。

to understand and share 是兩個並列的不定詞,皆受 the ability 修飾:

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第 11 題2 分

A __________ is a sensory experience in which a person sees, hears, feels, or tastes something that is not actually present.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」,關鍵在於辨認各選項對心理與感官經驗的定義。

題幹指出:

“A __________ is a sensory experience in which a person sees, hears, feels, or tastes something that is not actually present.”

翻譯為:
「__________ 是一種感官經驗,人在其中看見、聽見、感覺到或嘗到實際上並不存在的事物。」

其中最關鍵的線索是:

  • sensory experience:感官經驗
  • see, hear, feel, or taste:看見、聽見、感覺或嘗到
  • not actually present:實際上並不存在

能同時涵蓋視覺、聽覺、觸覺與味覺,且「沒有實際外在刺激」的專有名詞是 hallucination。

解題方法

先判斷題幹描述的是哪一類現象:

  1. 不是單純的「看見」,因為題幹還包含 hears, feels, or tastes。
  2. 不是錯誤信念,因為題幹強調的是感官經驗。
  3. 不是由自然環境造成的視覺假象,因為題幹所述事物「實際上並不存在」。
  4. 因此應選表示「幻覺」的 hallucination。

選項分析

(A) mirage

mirage 的中文是「海市蜃樓;幻景」。

它通常指因光線折射、反射等大氣現象,使人看見遠處不存在於該位置的景象,例如在炎熱道路上看似出現水面。這是視覺上的錯覺,通常仍有外在光線或環境因素作為成因。

本題的定義涵蓋看、聽、感覺與味覺,範圍遠超過單純的視覺幻景,因此不選。

(B) delusion

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第 12 題2 分

Failing to follow safety guidelines could __________ the lives of workers in the construction site.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「字義判斷」與「動詞搭配」。句意為:未遵守安全規範,可能會使工地工人的生命受到危害。

關鍵結構為:

  • jeopardize + 名詞:危及、使……陷入危險
  • the lives of workers:工人的生命
  • safety guidelines:安全規範、安全指引
  • failing to follow:未能遵守、沒有按照……做

題幹中的主詞 Failing to follow safety guidelines 是動名詞片語,表示「未遵守安全規範這件事」;could 是情態助動詞,後面接原形動詞,因此四個選項在文法形式上皆可接,但必須依語意判斷。


解題方法

先抓句子的核心:

Failing to follow safety guidelines could __________ the lives of workers in the construction site.

翻譯為:

未遵守安全規範,可能會 __________ 工地工人的生命。

空格後面的受詞是 the lives of workers,意義涉及「生命是否受到危害」。因此應選擇表示「危及生命」的動詞。

完整句為:

Failing to follow safety guidelines could jeopardize the lives of workers in the construction site.

翻譯:

未遵守安全規範,可能會危及工地工人的生命。

其中 jeopardize 與 lives 搭配自然,符合安全規範與工地意外的語境。


文法與語意重點

  1. 動名詞片語作主詞

Failing to follow safety guidelines 中,failing 是動名詞,整個片語作為主詞,表示「未遵守安全規範這件事」。

  1. could + 原形動詞

could 表示「可能會」,後面必須接動詞原形:

  • could enhance
  • could jeopardize
  • could protect
  • could secure

因此本題不能只靠文法排除選項,必須進一步判斷字義。

  1. jeopardize + 生命、健康、安全、未來等

jeopardize 表示「危及、損害……的安全或成功機會」,常見搭配包括:

  • jeopardize someone’s life:危及某人的生命
  • jeopardize public safety:危及公共安全
  • jeopardize one’s health:危害某人的健康
  • jeopardize the success of the project:危及計畫的成功

選項分析

(A) enhance

enhance 意為「提升、增進、改善」,通常用於提升品質、價值、效果或能力,例如:

  • enhance the quality:提升品質
  • enhance performance:增進表現
  • enhance efficiency:提高效率

若填入句中:

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第 13 題2 分

__________ is the study of diseases and their causes, processes, development, and consequences.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「醫學專有名詞的定義辨識」,並結合英文句意判斷。題幹描述的是:

“__________ is the study of diseases and their causes, processes, development, and consequences.”
「__________ 是研究疾病及其成因、病程、發展與後果的學科。」

其中關鍵字是 diseases(疾病)、causes(成因)、processes(病程/過程)、development(發展)、consequences(後果)。這正是 pathology(病理學) 的研究範圍。


解題方法

先抓住句子的核心結構:

X is the study of diseases and their causes, processes, development, and consequences.

句型為「X 是研究……的學科」,因此空格應填入一個代表學科名稱的名詞。

再根據疾病相關專有名詞的定義判斷:

  • 研究疾病本身、成因、病程、發展及後果 → pathology
  • 研究正常生理功能 → physiology
  • 研究藥物及其作用 → pharmacology
  • 研究疾病在人群中的分布與影響因素 → epidemiology

因此答案為 (A) Pathology。


題幹定位與翻譯

題幹中最能直接定位答案的句子是:

“the study of diseases and their causes, processes, development, and consequences”

翻譯為:

「研究疾病及其成因、病程、發展與後果。」

Pathology 的核心定義就是研究疾病的本質,包括疾病造成的結構與功能變化、發生原因、發展過程,以及對人體造成的結果。


選項分析

(A) Pathology 病理學——正確

Pathology 源自希臘文:

  • patho-:疾病、痛苦
  • -logy:學問、研究

病理學研究疾病的原因、發生機制、病理變化、發展過程及臨床後果。題幹中的 diseases and their causes, processes, development, and consequences 與病理學的定義完全相符。

例:

  • the pathology of cancer:癌症的病理學
  • pathological changes:病理變化
  • pathological diagnosis:病理診斷

(B) Physiology 生理學——錯誤

Physiology 研究的是生物體或器官在正常狀態下的功能與運作方式,例如:

  • 心臟如何搏動
  • 腎臟如何調節水分與電解質
  • 神經如何傳遞訊息
  • 肺部如何進行氣體交換
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第 14 題2 分

A __________ group consists of members or elements that are diverse in nature.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查形容詞的字義辨析,尤其是表示「同質」與「異質」的相反概念。

題幹中的關鍵片語是:

  • consist of:由……組成
  • members or elements:成員或元素
  • diverse in nature:本質上多樣的、性質各異的
  • heterogeneous:異質的、由不同類型組成的

「由本質上多樣、性質各異的成員或元素組成的群體」即為 heterogeneous group。

解題方法

先定位定義句中的關鍵語意:

A __________ group consists of members or elements that are diverse in nature.
一個「__________的群體」由本質上多樣、性質各異的成員或元素組成。

diverse in nature 明確表示組成分子彼此不同,因此空格應填入「異質的」之意的形容詞,即 heterogeneous。

完整句意為:

A heterogeneous group consists of members or elements that are diverse in nature.
異質群體是由本質上多樣、性質各異的成員或元素所組成的。

文法上,空格位於名詞 group 前方,因此需要填入形容詞;四個選項皆可作形容詞,但只有 heterogeneous 符合語意。

選項分析

(A) homogeneous

homogeneous 意為「同質的、同類的、性質相同的」,指組成分子具有相似或一致的性質。

例如:

a homogeneous population
同質性族群

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第 15 題2 分

The police officer had to __________ the suspect to prevent them from escaping.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「近義字辨析」與「上下文語意判斷」,關鍵在於判斷警察為了防止嫌犯逃跑,應採取何種動作。

題幹句型為:

The police officer had to __________ the suspect to prevent them from escaping.
警察為了防止嫌犯逃跑,不得不__________嫌犯。

其中:

  • have to + 原形動詞:不得不……
  • prevent A from V-ing:阻止 A 做某事
  • suspect:嫌疑犯、嫌犯
  • escape:逃跑、逃脫

語意上,警察必須「制止、約束」嫌犯,才能防止其逃跑,因此應選 restrain。

解題方法

先抓住題幹中的目的片語:

to prevent them from escaping
為了防止他們逃跑

既然目的是防止嫌犯逃跑,空格需要填入具有「限制行動、制伏、約束」意義的動詞。四個選項中,只有 restrain 符合警察控制嫌犯行動的情境。

完整句子為:

The police officer had to restrain the suspect to prevent them from escaping.
警察不得不制伏嫌犯,以防止嫌犯逃跑。

選項分析

(A) release

release 意為「釋放、放走、解除」。

若代入句中:

The police officer had to release the suspect to prevent them from escaping.

意思變成「警察不得不釋放嫌犯,以防止嫌犯逃跑」,前後語意矛盾。釋放嫌犯通常會增加其逃跑機會,無法達成防止逃跑的目的,因此錯誤。

(B) restrain

restrain 意為「抑制、限制、約束、制伏」,也可指以身體力量或其他方式控制某人的行動。

代入後:

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第 16 題2 分

Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, __________ as sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 主詞與動詞的數一致。
  2. 被動語態:主詞是接受動作的對象。
  3. 現在完成式被動語態:have/has been+過去分詞have/has\ been + 過去分詞。
  4. such as 引導例子,並不影響主要主詞的單複數。

題幹主句結構如下:

Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, __________ as sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels.

其中主要主詞是 Renewable energy sources,為複數;such as solar and wind power 是補充說明,說明再生能源的例子。


關鍵單字與片語

  • renewable energy sources:再生能源
  • solar power:太陽能
  • wind power:風力
  • be promoted as:被推廣為、被提倡為
  • sustainable:永續的、可持續的
  • alternative:替代方案、替代物
  • fossil fuels:化石燃料
  • such as:例如,用來引導例子

定位答案的原文與翻譯

題幹關鍵句為:

Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, have been promoted as sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels.

翻譯:

再生能源,例如太陽能和風力,已被推廣為化石燃料的永續替代方案。

renewable energy sources 是「被推廣」的對象,因此使用被動語態;又因主詞為複數,須使用 have。


解題方法

第一步,判斷語意上的主動或被動。

再生能源本身不是「推廣某物」的主動執行者,而是「被推廣為替代方案」的對象,因此需要被動語態:

have/has+been+promoted\text{have/has} + \text{been} + \text{promoted}

第二步,判斷主詞單複數。

主要主詞為:

Renewable energy sources

sources 為複數,因此現在完成式被動語態須使用 have:

Renewable energy sources have been promoted\text{Renewable energy sources have been promoted}

故選擇 (A) have been promoted。

第三步,判斷時態。

have been promoted 是現在完成式被動語態,表示過去開始的推廣行為,與現在仍有關聯;此處符合再生能源至今持續被視為化石燃料替代方案的語意。


選項分析

(A) have been promoted

正確。

  • have 配合複數主詞 Renewable energy sources。
  • been promoted 構成被動語態。
  • 完整結構為:
have been promoted\text{have been promoted}
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第 17 題2 分

No sooner had we stepped outside the cozy restaurant __________ it began to rain heavily, drenching the bustling city streets.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「倒裝句」與固定句型:

No sooner had S + 過去分詞 ... than S + 過去式 ...\text{No sooner had S + 過去分詞 ... than S + 過去式 ...}

No sooner ... than ... 表示「一……就……」,強調前一個動作才完成,後一個事件立即發生。

正常語序可還原為:

We had no sooner stepped outside the cozy restaurant than it began to rain heavily.

當 no sooner 放在句首時,主句須使用部分倒裝:

No sooner had we stepped outside ... than ...

其中 had we stepped 是過去完成式的倒裝形式。


解題方法

先觀察題幹前半句:

No sooner had we stepped outside the cozy restaurant __________ it began to rain heavily.

句首已有 No sooner,因此空格後應接固定搭配 than,形成:

No sooner ... than ...

完整句意為:

我們才剛走出那間舒適的餐廳,天就開始下起傾盆大雨,把繁忙的城市街道淋得濕透。

句中兩個事件的先後關係是:

  1. 我們走出餐廳:had stepped,過去完成式。
  2. 開始下大雨:began,過去式。

No sooner ... than ... 正好表達「前一動作完成後,另一事件隨即發生」。


選項分析

(A) when

when 可表示「當……時」,但不與句首的 No sooner 構成標準固定句型。標準搭配是:

  • No sooner ... than ...
  • Hardly/Scarcely ... when ...

因此若句首是 Hardly had we stepped outside ...,空格可填 when;本題句首為 No sooner,故 when 錯誤。

(B) then

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第 18 題2 分

Many customers enjoy the convenience of __________ their bank transactions online.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「動詞片語」的語意與固定搭配,並結合介系詞 of + V-ing 的文法。

題幹中的結構為:

enjoy the convenience of carrying out their bank transactions online
享受在線上辦理銀行交易的便利

其中:

  • the convenience of + V-ing:……的便利
  • carry out + 名詞:執行、實行、完成某項工作或程序
  • bank transactions:銀行交易、銀行業務
  • online:在線上、透過網路

因此,空格需要填入能表達「辦理、執行銀行交易」的動詞片語。

解題方法

先判斷文法結構:

the convenience of+動名詞\text{the convenience of} + \text{動名詞}

四個選項均為 carrying + 副詞/介系詞 的形式,在文法形式上都可接在 of 後面;真正的判斷關鍵是語意與搭配。

題幹完整句意為:

Many customers enjoy the convenience of carrying out their bank transactions online.
許多顧客享受在線上辦理銀行交易的便利。

銀行交易是一項需要「執行、完成」的業務程序,因此使用 carry out 最符合語意。

選項分析

(A) carrying on

carry on 主要有以下意思:

  1. 繼續進行
  • carry on working:繼續工作
  1. 經營、從事
  • carry on a business:經營事業

雖然 carry on 有「從事、進行」的意思,但在本題中,bank transactions 指的是一筆筆具體的銀行交易與業務程序,慣用搭配是 carry out transactions,表示「執行、辦理交易」。
carrying on their bank transactions 不符合本題要表達的「完成銀行交易」之語意,因此不選。

(B) carrying out

carry out 表示「執行、實行、完成」,常與任務、計畫、命令、實驗、程序、交易等名詞搭配:

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第 19 題2 分

By the time the patient was admitted to the emergency room, the AI-based diagnostic tool __________ a potential diagnosis.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念:過去完成式(Past Perfect)表達「過去的過去」

本題考的是過去完成式的用法,以及兩個過去事件的先後關係。

句中有兩個發生在過去的動作:

  1. AI 診斷工具提出潛在診斷。
  2. 病人被送入急診室。

由片語 By the time + 過去式 可知,「病人被送入急診室」是過去時間的基準點;而 AI 診斷工具提出診斷發生在這個基準點之前。因此,較早發生且已完成的動作要使用過去完成式:

had + 過去分詞\text{had + 過去分詞}

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句為:

By the time the patient was admitted to the emergency room, the AI-based diagnostic tool __________ a potential diagnosis.

翻譯:

病人被送入急診室時,以人工智慧為基礎的診斷工具已經提出了一項可能的診斷。

其中:

  • By the time:到……的時候;在……之前
  • the patient:病人
  • was admitted to the emergency room:被送入急診室
  • AI-based:以人工智慧為基礎的
  • diagnostic tool:診斷工具
  • potential diagnosis:可能的診斷
  • suggest:提出;建議
  • already:已經

解題方法

先找出句中的時間基準:

the patient was admitted to the emergency room

was admitted 是過去式,表示病人過去被送入急診室。再判斷另一個動作的時間:

the AI-based diagnostic tool __________ a potential diagnosis

AI 工具提出診斷是在病人被送入急診室之前,且到那個時間點為止已經完成。因此使用過去完成式:

had already suggested\text{had already suggested}

完整句子為:

By the time the patient was admitted to the emergency room, the AI-based diagnostic tool had already suggested a potential diagnosis.

選項分析

(A) had already suggested

正確。

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第 20 題2 分

The debate __________ the ethical implications of using AI in healthcare decision-making has been ongoing.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查名詞 debate 與介系詞的固定搭配,以及介系詞在句中的語意功能。

句型為:

a debate over + 議題

表示「針對某議題的辯論、爭論」。題幹中的議題是 the ethical implications of using AI in healthcare decision-making,意思是「在醫療決策中使用人工智慧所涉及的倫理影響」,因此應使用 over。


題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句:

The debate over the ethical implications of using AI in healthcare decision-making has been ongoing.

翻譯:

針對在醫療決策中使用人工智慧所涉及之倫理影響的辯論,一直持續至今。

句中:

  • debate:辯論、爭論
  • over:關於、針對
  • ethical:倫理的
  • implications:影響、含意
  • healthcare decision-making:醫療決策
  • ongoing:持續進行中的

其中 debate over the ethical implications 是自然且符合語意的搭配,表示「針對倫理影響的辯論」。


解題方法

先判斷空格後方的內容:

the ethical implications of using AI in healthcare decision-making

這是一個「被討論的議題」,不是辯論的對象,也不是地點或方向。因此需要填入能表達「關於、針對某議題」的介系詞。

常見搭配如下:

  • a debate over an issue:針對某議題的辯論
  • a debate about an issue:關於某議題的辯論
  • a debate on an issue:關於某議題的辯論

本題選項中只有 over 能自然表達「針對某議題進行爭論」的意思,因此答案為 (D)。


選項分析

(A) with

debate with + 人 可表示「與某人辯論」。

例如:

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第 21 題2 分

The no-food-or-drinks rule is strictly _______ in the bookstore.

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這一題的完整詳解

題幹翻譯與定位

The no-food-or-drinks rule is strictly _______ in the bookstore.
書店內嚴格執行禁止飲食的規定。

定位答案的關鍵是:

is strictly _______

主詞 The no-food-or-drinks rule 是「規定」,它接受店家「執行」的動作,因此空格應填被動語態的過去分詞 enforced。


核心觀念:被動語態與詞性判斷

本題考兩個重點:

  1. 被動語態:be + 過去分詞
  2. 依語意選擇正確的字形與搭配

基本句型為:

主詞+be動詞+過去分詞\text{主詞}+\text{be動詞}+\text{過去分詞}

動詞 enforce 意為「執行、強制實施」。
「規定被執行」應使用被動語態:

rule+is enforced\text{rule}+\text{is enforced}

strictly 是副詞,意為「嚴格地」,修飾 enforced,形成常見搭配:

strictly enforced:嚴格執行、嚴格實施


解題方法

先判斷主詞與動作的關係:

  • 書店的規定不是真的在「執行別人」。
  • 店家或管理人員會執行這項規定。
  • 因此,規定是「被執行」,要用被動語態。

句型可還原為:

The bookstore strictly enforces the no-food-or-drinks rule.
書店嚴格執行禁止飲食的規定。

改成被動句:

The no-food-or-drinks rule is strictly enforced in the bookstore.
書店內嚴格執行禁止飲食的規定。

因此答案為 enforced。


選項分析

(A) enforceable

enforceable 是形容詞,意為「可執行的、可強制實施的」。

例如:

The contract is legally enforceable.
這份契約在法律上具有可執行性。

若填入題目:

The rule is strictly enforceable.

此句在純文法上可以成立,但語意是「這項規定具有嚴格執行的效力」或「這項規定可被強制實施」,重點放在規定本身是否具備執行條件,而不是店家實際上是否嚴格執行規定。

本題語境是描述書店對規定的實際管理方式,應使用 strictly enforced,因此不選 A。

(B) enforcing

enforcing 是現在分詞或動名詞,意為「正在執行、執行」。

若填入:

The rule is strictly enforcing.

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第 22 題2 分

______ the cool evening breeze and listening to the sounds of nature, we lost track of time.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念:分詞構句與主詞一致

本題考「現在分詞片語作副詞子句的簡化」,句型為:

Enjoying the cool evening breeze and listening to the sounds of nature, we lost track of time.
享受著涼爽的晚風、聆聽大自然的聲音時,我們忘記了時間。

句首的 Enjoying ... and listening ... 是現在分詞片語,修飾主要子句 we lost track of time。分詞片語的邏輯主詞必須與主要子句主詞一致,因此:

  • Enjoying 的主詞是 we
  • listening 的主詞也是 we
  • 兩個動作與 lost track of time 同時發生

完整句可還原為:

While we were enjoying the cool evening breeze and listening to the sounds of nature, we lost track of time.

其中 while 表示「當……時」,現在分詞 enjoying 與 listening 將副詞子句簡化。

解題方法

先觀察逗點後的主要子句:

we lost track of time

主詞是 we,動詞是過去式 lost,句子本身已完整。

因此,逗點前需要的是一個修飾主要子句的分詞片語。句意表示「我們在享受晚風、聆聽自然聲音的同時,忘記了時間」,兩個動作同時進行,使用現在分詞 V-ing 最合適:

Enjoying ... and listening ..., we lost ...

此外,enjoying 與 listening 由 and 連接,形成平行結構。

選項分析

(A) Enjoying

正確。Enjoying 是現在分詞,與 listening 並列,構成句首分詞片語:

Enjoying the cool evening breeze and listening to the sounds of nature, we lost track of time.

分詞片語的邏輯主詞為 we,與主要子句主詞一致;語意也表示兩個動作同時發生。

(B) Because enjoying

錯誤。because 是從屬連接詞,通常後面要接具有主詞與限定動詞的完整子句,例如:

Because we enjoyed the cool evening breeze, we lost track of time.

若要接動名詞,應使用 because of:

Because of enjoying the cool evening breeze, we lost track of time.

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第 23 題2 分

We take pride in ________ customer's unusual requests.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查固定片語 take pride in + 名詞/動名詞(V-ing):

  • take pride in ...:以……為傲、對……感到自豪
  • 其中 in 是介系詞,介系詞後面若接動詞,必須使用動名詞形式 V-ing。

題幹中的關鍵結構為:

We take pride in fulfilling customer's unusual requests.
我們以滿足顧客不尋常的要求為傲。

因此,空格應填入動名詞 fulfilling。

解題方法

先找出空格前的介系詞 in:

take pride in ________

介系詞後可接:

  1. 名詞
  2. 代名詞
  3. 動名詞(V-ing)

題目想表達「以滿足顧客不尋常的要求為傲」,空格需要放入表示動作的「滿足」。動詞 fulfill 變成動名詞後為 fulfilling,形成:

take pride in fulfilling customer's unusual requests

句型完整,語意也通順。

選項分析

(A) fulfillment

fulfillment 是名詞,意為「履行、完成、滿足」。介系詞 in 後面接名詞,在文法上並非完全不可能;但此處若填入:

take pride in fulfillment customer's unusual requests

會出現名詞 fulfillment 直接修飾後面的 customer's unusual requests,缺少必要的介系詞或限定結構,句子不合文法。若要使用此名詞,應改寫為:

take pride in the fulfillment of customer's unusual requests

因此本題不能選 (A)。

(B) fulfilling

fulfilling 是動詞 fulfill 的動名詞形式,意為「滿足、履行」。置於介系詞 in 後面,符合 in + V-ing 的規則:

take pride in fulfilling ...

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第 24 題2 分

Tina is going to the dentist to have her sore tooth ______ care of.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「使役動詞 have + 受詞 + 過去分詞(p.p.)」的句型:

have + 人/事物 + 過去分詞\text{have + 人/事物 + 過去分詞}

表示「請某人替某人/某物做某事」或「使某人/某物被……」。其中,受詞與分詞之間是被動關係。

題句中的:

  • have:使役動詞,表示「讓……、請……替……」
  • her sore tooth:受詞,指「她疼痛的牙齒」
  • taken care of:過去分詞片語,表示「被處理、被照料」

牙齒不會主動「照料某事」,而是「被牙醫處理」,因此必須使用被動形式 taken care of。


題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句:

Tina is going to the dentist to have her sore tooth ______ care of.

翻譯:

Tina 要去看牙醫,請牙醫處理她疼痛的牙齒。

固定片語為:

take care of + 人/事物
照顧、處理、解決

放入使役被動句型後:

have her sore tooth taken care of

意思是「讓她疼痛的牙齒受到處理」,也就是「請牙醫治療她的牙齒」。

完整句:

Tina is going to the dentist to have her sore tooth taken care of.


解題方法

先判斷 her sore tooth 與 take care of 的語意關係:

  • 牙齒是被牙醫處理的對象;
  • 牙齒不是主動執行「照顧、處理」動作的人。

因此,應採被動結構:

have + 受詞 + p.p.\text{have + 受詞 + p.p.}

而 take 的過去分詞是 taken,所以答案為:

have + her sore tooth + taken care of\text{have + her sore tooth + taken care of}

選項分析

(A) taking

句型變成:

have her sore tooth taking care of

taking 是現在分詞,通常表示受詞主動進行動作。此處會使句意變成「讓她疼痛的牙齒正在照顧……」,不符合牙齒被牙醫治療的語意。

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第 25 題2 分

AI systems __________ to assist in medical diagnosis and treatment planning are rapidly advancing in their capabilities.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念:分詞片語與關係子句簡化

本題考「過去分詞片語作後置修飾語」,完整結構可還原為:

AI systems that are designed to assist in medical diagnosis and treatment planning are rapidly advancing in their capabilities.

其中:

  • that are designed:被設計的,具有被動語態。
  • 關係代名詞 that 與 be 動詞 are 可省略,形成過去分詞片語:

systems designed to assist...

因此,空格需要填入過去分詞 designed,修飾前面的 AI systems。


解題方法

先找句子的主要動詞:

AI systems __________ to assist in medical diagnosis and treatment planning are rapidly advancing in their capabilities.

主要動詞是 are advancing,主詞為 AI systems。因此,空格不能再填入另一個完整的現在式動詞,應是用來修飾 AI systems 的分詞片語。

再判斷 AI systems 與 design 的語意關係:

  • AI systems 是「被設計」來協助醫療診斷與治療規劃。
  • AI systems 不是「設計某物」的主動執行者。

所以使用被動意義的過去分詞 designed。


題幹定位與翻譯

題幹原文:

AI systems designed to assist in medical diagnosis and treatment planning are rapidly advancing in their capabilities.

翻譯:

被設計來協助醫療診斷與治療規劃的人工智慧系統,其能力正快速提升。

關鍵片語:

  • AI systems:人工智慧系統
  • be designed to V:被設計來做某事
  • assist in:協助、幫助
  • medical diagnosis:醫療診斷
  • treatment planning:治療規劃
  • rapidly:快速地
  • advance:進步、發展
  • capabilities:能力、功能

選項分析

(A) designing

designing 是現在分詞,通常表示主動意義,即「正在設計……的」。

若填入後,表面上會形成:

AI systems designing to assist ... are rapidly advancing.

此處有兩個問題:

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第 26 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Abdominal surgery is surgery that involves the opening of the abdominal cavity. It typically involves the treatment of diseases, conditions, or injuries involving the lower digestive tract (stomach and bowels), liver, gallbladder, pancreas, bile ducts, or surrounding soft tissues. These procedures may be performed on an ____ or outpatient basis and may be accomplished using traditional open incision or minimally invasive techniques.

General abdominal procedures can include the repair or ____ of abdominal tissues and organs. Examples of common abdominal procedures include those to remove the appendix (appendectomy), gallbladder removal, and hernia repair. We also perform operations to remove malignant tumors and lesions, as well as benign growths, such as ____. These procedures may target various organs such as the ____, pancreas, and others for the treatment of specific conditions. Overall, the goal is to address issues ranging from ____ to more complex diseases requiring surgical intervention.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「醫療情境中的字義判斷與固定搭配」,第一個空格位於:

These procedures may be performed on an ____ or outpatient basis

句型為:

on an inpatient or outpatient basis
以住院或門診方式進行

其中:

  • inpatient:住院病人;住院的
  • outpatient:門診病人;門診的
  • on an inpatient basis:以住院方式
  • on an outpatient basis:以門診方式

因此空格應填入 inpatient,與後面的 outpatient 構成醫療上常見的對比搭配。

解題方法

先觀察空格後方的關鍵字:

or outpatient basis

在醫療英文中,inpatient 與 outpatient 是一組相對概念:

  • inpatient:病人需要住院接受治療
  • outpatient:病人不需住院,接受治療後即可返家

完整句意為:

These procedures may be performed on an inpatient or outpatient basis and may be accomplished using traditional open incision or minimally invasive techniques.

翻譯:

這些手術可以採住院或門診方式進行,也可以使用傳統的開放式切口或微創技術完成。

文法上,空格前有冠詞 an,後方又有 outpatient,可直接判定這裡需要一個與 outpatient 對應的醫療形容詞。四個選項中只有 inpatient 符合語意與搭配。

選項分析

(A) inpatient

正確。inpatient 指「住院的」,與 outpatient 構成固定對比:

on an inpatient or outpatient basis

此外,inpatient 以母音音素開頭,前面使用冠詞 an,文法完全正確。

(B) external

錯誤。external 意為「外部的、外在的」,通常與 internal 相對,例如:

  • external examination:外部檢查
  • external injury:外部傷害

它不是 outpatient 的反義詞,也不能自然組成:

on an external or outpatient basis

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第 27 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Abdominal surgery is surgery that involves the opening of the abdominal cavity. It typically involves the treatment of diseases, conditions, or injuries involving the lower digestive tract (stomach and bowels), liver, gallbladder, pancreas, bile ducts, or surrounding soft tissues. These procedures may be performed on an ____ or outpatient basis and may be accomplished using traditional open incision or minimally invasive techniques.

General abdominal procedures can include the repair or ____ of abdominal tissues and organs. Examples of common abdominal procedures include those to remove the appendix (appendectomy), gallbladder removal, and hernia repair. We also perform operations to remove malignant tumors and lesions, as well as benign growths, such as ____. These procedures may target various organs such as the ____, pancreas, and others for the treatment of specific conditions. Overall, the goal is to address issues ranging from ____ to more complex diseases requiring surgical intervention.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查醫療英文的語意判斷、字詞搭配與平行結構。關鍵句為:

General abdominal procedures can include the repair or ____ of abdominal tissues and organs.
一般腹部手術可能包括腹部組織與器官的修復或移除。

句中 repair or ____ 使用 or 連接兩個並列名詞,因此空格應填入與 repair 同屬手術處置的名詞。腹部手術除了修復組織或器官,也常包括將病變器官、腫瘤或其他異常組織移除,因此答案為 removal。

解題方法

先觀察空格前後的結構:

  • the repair of abdominal tissues and organs:腹部組織與器官的修復
  • the removal of abdominal tissues and organs:腹部組織與器官的移除

兩者皆為「the + 名詞 + of + 受詞」結構,且語意上都是外科手術可能進行的處置。句意為「修復或移除腹部組織與器官」,搭配自然且符合腹部外科的內容。

因此:

repair↔removal\text{repair} \leftrightarrow \text{removal}

選項分析

(A) enhancement
意為「增強、提升、改善」。repair or enhancement of abdominal tissues and organs 雖然文法上可形成名詞並列,但腹部手術的一般目的不是提升器官功能或外觀,而是修復病變、移除病灶,因此不符合文章語境。

(B) removal
意為「移除、摘除、切除」,是正確答案。腹部外科常進行器官切除、腫瘤切除或病灶移除,例如:

  • appendectomy:闌尾切除術
  • gallbladder removal:膽囊切除
  • remove malignant tumors and lesions:移除惡性腫瘤與病灶

repair or removal 形成語意自然的並列結構。

(C) magnification
意為「放大、擴大」。此字通常用於影像、視野或尺寸的放大,例如 magnification of an image,不是一般腹部手術的主要處置,因此不符合上下文。

(D) decoration
意為「裝飾、裝潢」。腹部手術的目的在治療疾病、損傷或異常組織,與裝飾完全無關,語意不成立。

關鍵單字與片語

  • abdominal surgery:腹部手術
  • abdominal cavity:腹腔
  • digestive tract:消化道
  • stomach and bowels:胃與腸
  • liver:肝臟
  • gallbladder:膽囊
  • pancreas:胰臟
  • bile ducts:膽管
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第 28 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Abdominal surgery is surgery that involves the opening of the abdominal cavity. It typically involves the treatment of diseases, conditions, or injuries involving the lower digestive tract (stomach and bowels), liver, gallbladder, pancreas, bile ducts, or surrounding soft tissues. These procedures may be performed on an ____ or outpatient basis and may be accomplished using traditional open incision or minimally invasive techniques.

General abdominal procedures can include the repair or ____ of abdominal tissues and organs. Examples of common abdominal procedures include those to remove the appendix (appendectomy), gallbladder removal, and hernia repair. We also perform operations to remove malignant tumors and lesions, as well as benign growths, such as ____. These procedures may target various organs such as the ____, pancreas, and others for the treatment of specific conditions. Overall, the goal is to address issues ranging from ____ to more complex diseases requiring surgical intervention.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「醫學英文單字辨義」與「語境判斷」。關鍵線索是:

  • benign growths:良性增生、良性腫塊
  • such as:例如,用來列舉前面所說的名詞
  • remove:切除、移除

因此,空格必須填入一種「可被手術切除的良性腫塊或良性生長物」。

解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句:

We also perform operations to remove malignant tumors and lesions, as well as benign growths, such as ____.

翻譯:

我們也會進行手術,切除惡性腫瘤與病灶,以及良性增生物,例如 ____。

句中先提到 malignant tumors(惡性腫瘤),接著以 as well as 連接 benign growths(良性增生物),後面再以 such as 舉例。四個選項中,只有 lipomas 是常見的良性腫瘤,適合由手術切除。

lipoma 是「脂肪瘤」,由成熟脂肪細胞形成,通常為良性軟組織腫瘤,可因外觀、壓迫、疼痛或診斷需求而接受切除手術。複數形式為 lipomas,正好符合前面的 growths。

選項分析

  • (A) scars

scar 意為「疤痕」,複數為 scars。疤痕是組織受傷或手術後修復形成的纖維化組織,並非典型的「良性腫瘤」或「良性增生物」。雖然疤痕有時可接受整形或修疤手術,但不符合本句「切除良性腫瘤」的醫學語境,因此錯誤。

  • (B) dermatitis

dermatitis 意為「皮膚炎」,屬於皮膚發炎性疾病,不是腫瘤,也不是可列為 benign growths 的生長物。句中談的是手術切除腫瘤與病灶,皮膚炎通常以藥物或局部治療處理,因此錯誤。

  • (C) freckles

freckle 意為「雀斑」,複數為 freckles。雀斑是皮膚色素沉著,並非腫瘤或組織增生物;即使可接受雷射等美容處理,也不會在此語境中被稱為 benign growths,因此錯誤。

  • (D) lipomas
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第 29 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Abdominal surgery is surgery that involves the opening of the abdominal cavity. It typically involves the treatment of diseases, conditions, or injuries involving the lower digestive tract (stomach and bowels), liver, gallbladder, pancreas, bile ducts, or surrounding soft tissues. These procedures may be performed on an ____ or outpatient basis and may be accomplished using traditional open incision or minimally invasive techniques.

General abdominal procedures can include the repair or ____ of abdominal tissues and organs. Examples of common abdominal procedures include those to remove the appendix (appendectomy), gallbladder removal, and hernia repair. We also perform operations to remove malignant tumors and lesions, as well as benign growths, such as ____. These procedures may target various organs such as the ____, pancreas, and others for the treatment of specific conditions. Overall, the goal is to address issues ranging from ____ to more complex diseases requiring surgical intervention.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「克漏字語意判斷」與「腹部外科相關器官的英文辨識」。判斷關鍵在於:

  • 題幹主題是 abdominal surgery(腹部手術)。
  • 空格前後提到手術所處理的腹部器官。
  • 「liver and pancreas」是腹部外科常見且位置相近的器官搭配。
  • 其他選項皆非此處語境中的典型腹部器官。

解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句是:

These procedures may target various organs such as the ____, pancreas, and others for the treatment of specific conditions.

翻譯:

這些手術可能針對包括「____」、胰臟及其他器官,以治療特定疾病。

空格與 pancreas(胰臟) 並列,應填入同屬腹腔內重要消化及代謝器官的 liver(肝臟),形成:

such as the liver, pancreas, and others

翻譯為:

例如肝臟、胰臟及其他器官。

因此答案為 (C) liver。

選項分析

  • (A) heart:心臟

心臟位於胸腔,不是腹腔器官。心臟手術屬於心胸外科(cardiothoracic surgery),與本段所描述的腹部外科範圍不符。

  • (B) brain:腦

腦位於顱腔,相關手術屬於神經外科(neurosurgery),不屬於 abdominal surgery 的主要處理範圍。

  • (C) liver:肝臟

肝臟位於腹腔右上方,是重要的消化與代謝器官,也是腹部外科常見的手術對象,與 pancreas(胰臟) 並列自然,故為正確答案。

  • (D) trachea:氣管

氣管位於頸部與胸腔,屬於呼吸系統,相關處置通常歸入胸腔外科或耳鼻喉科範圍,與腹部器官並列不合語意。

關鍵單字與片語

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第 30 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Abdominal surgery is surgery that involves the opening of the abdominal cavity. It typically involves the treatment of diseases, conditions, or injuries involving the lower digestive tract (stomach and bowels), liver, gallbladder, pancreas, bile ducts, or surrounding soft tissues. These procedures may be performed on an ____ or outpatient basis and may be accomplished using traditional open incision or minimally invasive techniques.

General abdominal procedures can include the repair or ____ of abdominal tissues and organs. Examples of common abdominal procedures include those to remove the appendix (appendectomy), gallbladder removal, and hernia repair. We also perform operations to remove malignant tumors and lesions, as well as benign growths, such as ____. These procedures may target various organs such as the ____, pancreas, and others for the treatment of specific conditions. Overall, the goal is to address issues ranging from ____ to more complex diseases requiring surgical intervention.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「克漏字語意判斷」與醫療英文詞彙。判斷空格答案時,須同時注意:

  1. 前後文的語意是否連貫。
  2. 名詞片語是否符合介系詞與句型。
  3. 是否符合腹部手術的醫療範圍。
  4. 是否能與後面的比較結構形成合理搭配。

題目最後一句為:

Overall, the goal is to address issues ranging from ____ to more complex diseases requiring surgical intervention.
總體而言,目的在於處理從__到需要手術介入的較複雜疾病等各種問題。

句型是:

range from A to B
從 A 到 B,範圍涵蓋 A 至 B

因此空格應填入與「more complex diseases」相對、且同屬醫療問題的內容。四個選項中,只有 minor injuries(輕微傷害)符合語意。


解題方法

先觀察空格前後:

address issues ranging from ____ to more complex diseases

其中:

  • address issues 表示「處理各種問題」。
  • ranging from A to B 表示問題的範圍由 A 延伸到 B。
  • more complex diseases 表示後端是較複雜、較嚴重的疾病。

因此,A 應是腹部手術可能處理的較輕微問題,並且能與「較複雜疾病」形成由簡單到複雜的語意層次:

minor injuries → more complex diseases
輕微傷害 → 較複雜的疾病

完整句子為:

Overall, the goal is to address issues ranging from minor injuries to more complex diseases requiring surgical intervention.
總體而言,目的在於處理從輕微傷害到需要手術介入的較複雜疾病等各種問題。


選項分析

(A) minor injuries

minor 意為「輕微的、不嚴重的」;injuries 意為「傷害、損傷」。合起來是「輕微傷害」。

填入後,句意為腹部手術可以處理從輕微傷害到複雜疾病的問題,與 ranging from A to B 的由輕至重邏輯完全一致,且符合醫療文章語境。

因此 A 正確。

(B) cosmetic concerns

cosmetic 意為「美容的、外觀上的」;concerns 意為「疑慮、問題」。合起來是「美容方面的疑慮」或「外觀上的問題」。

腹部手術確實可能涉及外觀重建,但本文前文重點是治療消化道、肝臟、膽囊、胰臟、腫瘤、病灶與疝氣等醫療問題。cosmetic concerns 與 more complex diseases 並未形成自然的疾病嚴重程度對比,放入句中語意不順。

因此 B 錯誤。

(C) hair loss

hair loss 意為「掉髮、落髮」。

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第 31 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Mazu, the revered goddess of the sea in Taiwanese ____, is celebrated fervently during the Border Festival. This annual event, which takes place along coastal regions, honors Mazu's divine protection over ____. The festival is characterized by ____ processions, colorful parades, and vibrant performances, all paying homage to Mazu's ____ and guidance. Pilgrims and ____ from far and wide gather to participate in the festivities, seeking blessings for safe voyages and bountiful catches. Mazu's Border Festival is not only a religious observance but also a cultural celebration that highlights the profound influence of seafaring traditions on coastal communities.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「克漏字的語意判斷與固定搭配」。句首為:

Mazu, the revered goddess of the sea in Taiwanese ____, is celebrated fervently during the Border Festival.

空格前有介系詞 in,後面接名詞,表示「在臺灣的某種文化背景/傳統中」。描述媽祖作為海上受尊崇的女神,以及相關節慶、信仰與民俗活動,最適合使用 folklore。

folklore 指「民間傳說、民俗、民間信仰與傳統故事」,可涵蓋媽祖信仰及其相關文化習俗。

解題方法

先觀察文章主題。後文出現:

  • festival:節慶
  • processions:遊行、 procession 儀式
  • parades:遊行
  • performances:表演
  • Pilgrims:朝聖者
  • seeking blessings:祈求祝福
  • religious observance:宗教儀式
  • cultural celebration:文化慶典
  • seafaring traditions:航海傳統

這些線索共同指向「民間信仰與文化傳統」,因此句子應為:

Mazu, the revered goddess of the sea in Taiwanese folklore, is celebrated fervently during the Border Festival.

翻譯為:

在臺灣民間信仰中備受尊崇的海神媽祖,於遶境節慶期間受到熱烈慶祝。

其中,in Taiwanese folklore 是自然的語意搭配,表示「在臺灣民間傳說/民俗信仰中」。

選項分析

(A) folklore 民間傳說;民俗;民間信仰

正確。媽祖信仰源自民間傳統,包含神祇傳說、祭祀儀式、遶境活動與祈福習俗。題幹後文提到節慶、朝聖者、祈求航海平安與漁獲豐收,均屬民間信仰與民俗文化的範圍。

(B) history 歷史

錯誤。history 指歷史事件、過去發展與歷史記錄。媽祖雖然具有歷史背景,但句子重點是她在臺灣民間信仰中的地位,不是「臺灣歷史中的海神」。
in Taiwanese history 通常表示「在臺灣歷史上」,語意偏向歷史事實與時代發展,無法完整涵蓋題幹所描述的祭典與民俗活動。

(C) religion 宗教

錯誤。religion 的確與媽祖信仰有關,且題幹也提到 religious observance。

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第 32 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Mazu, the revered goddess of the sea in Taiwanese ____, is celebrated fervently during the Border Festival. This annual event, which takes place along coastal regions, honors Mazu's divine protection over ____. The festival is characterized by ____ processions, colorful parades, and vibrant performances, all paying homage to Mazu's ____ and guidance. Pilgrims and ____ from far and wide gather to participate in the festivities, seeking blessings for safe voyages and bountiful catches. Mazu's Border Festival is not only a religious observance but also a cultural celebration that highlights the profound influence of seafaring traditions on coastal communities.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 語意與上下文判讀:利用 goddess of the sea、coastal regions、safe voyages、bountiful catches 等線索判斷受媽祖庇佑的對象。
  2. 字義辨析:分辨 farmers、merchants、soldiers、fishermen and sailors 的職業與活動範圍。
  3. 搭配與文章邏輯:媽祖信仰與海上航行、漁業及沿海居民的關聯,決定最適合的選項。

關鍵單字與片語

  • revered:受尊敬的、備受崇敬的
  • goddess of the sea:海神、海上女神
  • Taiwanese religion:臺灣宗教信仰
  • be celebrated fervently:受到熱烈慶祝
  • Border Festival:邊境祭典;本文指媽祖繞境相關慶典
  • coastal regions:沿海地區
  • divine protection:神聖的庇佑
  • procession:遊行、行列、遶境隊伍
  • parade:遊行、 parade
  • pay homage to:向……表示敬意、向……致敬
  • guidance:指引、引導
  • pilgrim:朝聖者、進香者
  • from far and wide:來自四面八方
  • safe voyages:航行平安
  • bountiful catches:豐收的漁獲
  • seafaring traditions:航海傳統
  • coastal communities:沿海社群

解題方法

題幹首先將媽祖定位為:

“Mazu, the revered goddess of the sea in Taiwanese ____, is celebrated fervently during the Border Festival.”

意思是:「媽祖是臺灣 ____ 中備受崇敬的海上女神,在邊境祭典期間受到熱烈慶祝。」

接著文章明確指出:

“Pilgrims and ____ from far and wide gather to participate in the festivities, seeking blessings for safe voyages and bountiful catches.”

意思是:「來自四面八方的進香者與 ____ 聚集參加慶典,祈求航行平安與漁獲豐收。」

其中 safe voyages「航行平安」與 bountiful catches「漁獲豐收」都是海上活動的直接線索,因此受媽祖庇佑、並與媽祖信仰關係最密切的群體是 fishermen and sailors,即「漁民與水手」。

此外,題幹最後又提到:

“the profound influence of seafaring traditions on coastal communities”

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第 33 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Mazu, the revered goddess of the sea in Taiwanese ____, is celebrated fervently during the Border Festival. This annual event, which takes place along coastal regions, honors Mazu's divine protection over ____. The festival is characterized by ____ processions, colorful parades, and vibrant performances, all paying homage to Mazu's ____ and guidance. Pilgrims and ____ from far and wide gather to participate in the festivities, seeking blessings for safe voyages and bountiful catches. Mazu's Border Festival is not only a religious observance but also a cultural celebration that highlights the profound influence of seafaring traditions on coastal communities.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考克漏字的「語意判斷」與「形容詞修飾名詞」。四個選項皆為形容詞:

  • dull:乏味的、無聊的;暗淡的
  • elaborate:精心製作的、複雜而隆重的、詳盡的
  • modest:謙虛的;樸素的;不大的
  • simple:簡單的、樸素的

題幹中最適合讓形容詞修飾的部分是:

The festival is characterized by ____ processions, colorful parades, and vibrant performances.
這項節慶以____的遶境隊伍、色彩繽紛的遊行及充滿活力的表演為特色。

空格後面的 processions 是「遶境隊伍、行列、遊行隊伍」,需要填入能表達媽祖遶境盛大、隆重與精心安排的形容詞。

解題方法

先觀察空格位置與名詞 processions 的搭配,再依文章整體語氣判斷。

題幹描述媽祖遶境節慶具有:

  • colorful parades:色彩繽紛的遊行
  • vibrant performances:充滿活力的表演
  • gather to participate in the festivities:各地民眾聚集參與慶典
  • seeking blessings:祈求庇佑

整體氛圍是盛大、熱鬧、隆重,而 elaborate processions 正好表示「隆重而精心安排的遶境隊伍」,語意最自然。

因此:

elaborate processions
隆重的、精心安排的遶境隊伍

選項分析

(A) dull

dull 表示「乏味的、無聊的、缺乏活力的」。若填入:

dull processions

意思是「乏味的遶境隊伍」,與後面的 colorful、vibrant 及全文熱鬧隆重的節慶氣氛相衝突,因此錯誤。

(B) elaborate

elaborate 表示「精心製作的、複雜而隆重的、規模盛大的」。搭配 processions 可表示「隆重且安排周詳的遶境隊伍」,符合媽祖遶境活動的文化情境,也與全文的正面描述一致,因此正確。

(C) modest

modest 表示「樸素的、不大的、有限的」。若填入:

modest processions

意思是「規模不大或較樸素的遶境隊伍」,與題幹所描寫的色彩繽紛、表演熱烈、各地信徒及遊客參與的盛大活動不符,因此錯誤。

(D) simple

simple 表示「簡單的、樸素的」。若填入:

simple processions

意思是「簡單的遶境隊伍」,同樣削弱了節慶盛大、隆重及文化影響深遠的語意,與上下文不合,因此錯誤。

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第 34 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Mazu, the revered goddess of the sea in Taiwanese ____, is celebrated fervently during the Border Festival. This annual event, which takes place along coastal regions, honors Mazu's divine protection over ____. The festival is characterized by ____ processions, colorful parades, and vibrant performances, all paying homage to Mazu's ____ and guidance. Pilgrims and ____ from far and wide gather to participate in the festivities, seeking blessings for safe voyages and bountiful catches. Mazu's Border Festival is not only a religious observance but also a cultural celebration that highlights the profound influence of seafaring traditions on coastal communities.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「近義詞辨析」與「語境判斷」,重點在於根據上下文判斷空格所需的情感色彩。

題目關鍵句為:

“all paying homage to Mazu's ____ and guidance.”

意為:「這些活動都在向媽祖的__與引導致敬。」

與 guidance(引導、指引) 並列的名詞,應具有正面意義,表達媽祖帶給信眾的慈悲、善意與庇佑。因此答案為 benevolence。

解題方法

先判斷空格的詞性。空格位於所有格 Mazu's 後方,並且與名詞 guidance 由 and 連接,因此需要填入名詞:

Mazu’s + 名詞 + and + guidance\text{Mazu's + 名詞 + and + guidance}

再依語意判斷:

  • 文章描述的是媽祖受到虔誠敬拜。
  • 媽祖提供的是神聖保護、祝福與引導。
  • 因此空格需要正面、仁慈的抽象名詞。
  • benevolence 意為「仁慈、慈善、善意」,最符合語境。

定位答案的句子:

“Mazu's Border Festival is not only a religious observance but also a cultural celebration that highlights the profound influence of seafaring traditions on coastal communities.”

前文已明確提到:

“all paying homage to Mazu's ____ and guidance.”

翻譯為:「所有活動都在向媽祖的__與引導致敬。」

「仁慈與引導」語意自然;「惡意與引導」則彼此衝突。

選項分析

(A) malevolence
意為「惡意、敵意、惡毒」。這是負面詞,通常形容故意傷害他人的心態,例如 act with malevolence(懷有惡意行事)。媽祖在本文中是保護航海者、賜予祝福的神祇,與「惡意」不符,故錯誤。

(B) cruelty
意為「殘酷、殘忍」。此字描述殘忍的行為或性格,例如 treat animals with cruelty(殘酷對待動物)。媽祖的形象是慈悲、護佑與祝福,不能與 cruelty and guidance 搭配,故錯誤。

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第 35 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Mazu, the revered goddess of the sea in Taiwanese ____, is celebrated fervently during the Border Festival. This annual event, which takes place along coastal regions, honors Mazu's divine protection over ____. The festival is characterized by ____ processions, colorful parades, and vibrant performances, all paying homage to Mazu's ____ and guidance. Pilgrims and ____ from far and wide gather to participate in the festivities, seeking blessings for safe voyages and bountiful catches. Mazu's Border Festival is not only a religious observance but also a cultural celebration that highlights the profound influence of seafaring traditions on coastal communities.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「克漏字語意判斷」與宗教文化相關單字。關鍵在於判斷空格所在句子的語意:

“Pilgrims and ____ from far and wide gather to participate in the festivities, seeking blessings for safe voyages and bountiful catches.”

意思是:「來自各地的朝聖者與 ____ 聚集參加慶典,祈求航行平安、漁獲豐收。」

句中提到參加宗教慶典、祈求神明賜福,因此空格應填入「信徒、虔誠崇拜者」之意的名詞。

解題方法

先觀察句型:

  • Pilgrims and ____:and 連接兩個並列名詞。
  • gather to participate in the festivities:表示聚集參與慶典。
  • seeking blessings:表示尋求祝福,顯示這些人對媽祖抱持信仰與敬仰。

因此,空格必須是指「信奉媽祖、參加祭典的人」。四個選項中,只有 devotees 符合此語境。

正確選項:devotees

devotee 是名詞,意為「虔誠信徒、熱愛者、崇拜者」;複數 devotees 指「信徒們」。

完整句子為:

“Pilgrims and devotees from far and wide gather to participate in the festivities, seeking blessings for safe voyages and bountiful catches.”

翻譯:

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第 36 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Chinese medicine, with its roots dating back thousands of years, is a comprehensive system of healthcare that has evolved over time. It encompasses a range of practices, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, massage (tui na), dietary therapy, and qigong. Central to Chinese medicine is the concept of balance and harmony within the body, as well as between the body and the external environment. It views health as a state of balance, where the body's vital energy (qi) flows freely along meridians or pathways. Illness, on the other hand, is seen as an imbalance or blockage of this qi. Treatment aims to restore balance and harmony by stimulating acupuncture points, prescribing specific herbal formulations, and advising on lifestyle and dietary changes. Chinese medicine is known for its holistic approach, considering not only the physical symptoms but also the emotional and spiritual well-being of an individual. While it is often used in conjunction with Western medicine, Chinese medicine continues to play a significant role in healthcare, offering alternative and complementary treatments for various conditions.

Which of the following is a central concept in Chinese medicine?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨定位」與關鍵訊息辨識。題幹明確指出,平衡與和諧是中醫的核心概念,並以人體內部及人體與外在環境之間的協調為健康基礎。

定位答案的原文為:

Central to Chinese medicine is the concept of balance and harmony within the body, as well as between the body and the external environment.

翻譯:

中醫的核心概念是在人體內部,以及人體與外在環境之間維持平衡與和諧。

其中:

  • central to...:對……而言是核心的、……的核心
  • the concept of...:……的概念
  • balance:平衡
  • harmony:和諧、協調
  • within the body:在人體內部
  • as well as:以及、也
  • the external environment:外在環境

因此,答案直接對應選項 Balance and harmony。

解題方法

閱讀題應先找出題目中的關鍵字,再回文章定位相關句子。本題問:

Which of the following is a central concept in Chinese medicine?

關鍵字是 central concept,意為「核心概念」。文章第二句即使用 Central to Chinese medicine 的句型,直接說明中醫的核心概念是 balance and harmony。

此外,後文也進一步支持這個答案:

It views health as a state of balance, where the body's vital energy (qi) flows freely along meridians or pathways.

翻譯:

中醫將健康視為一種平衡狀態,此時人體的生命能量「氣」能沿著經絡或通道自由流動。

文章接著指出疾病是氣的失衡或阻塞,治療則以恢復平衡與和諧為目標,形成完整的語意脈絡:

  • 健康:身體處於平衡狀態
  • 疾病:氣失衡或受阻
  • 治療:恢復平衡與和諧

所以本題不需要依靠醫學專業知識,只要掌握文章明示的關鍵句即可作答。

選項分析

(A) Anatomy

Anatomy 意為「解剖學」,主要研究人體的構造與器官分布。

文章雖然提到人體、經絡與氣的流動,但並未將解剖學列為中醫的核心概念。題幹強調的是身體內外的平衡與和諧,而非人體構造的研究,因此本選項錯誤。

(B) Balance and harmony

Balance and harmony 意為「平衡與和諧」。

這正是文章明確指出的內容:

Central to Chinese medicine is the concept of balance and harmony...

此句中的 Central to Chinese medicine 等於「中醫的核心是……」,後面的 balance and harmony 即為所求答案,因此本選項正確。

(C) Chemistry

Chemistry 意為「化學」。

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第 37 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Chinese medicine, with its roots dating back thousands of years, is a comprehensive system of healthcare that has evolved over time. It encompasses a range of practices, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, massage (tui na), dietary therapy, and qigong. Central to Chinese medicine is the concept of balance and harmony within the body, as well as between the body and the external environment. It views health as a state of balance, where the body's vital energy (qi) flows freely along meridians or pathways. Illness, on the other hand, is seen as an imbalance or blockage of this qi. Treatment aims to restore balance and harmony by stimulating acupuncture points, prescribing specific herbal formulations, and advising on lifestyle and dietary changes. Chinese medicine is known for its holistic approach, considering not only the physical symptoms but also the emotional and spiritual well-being of an individual. While it is often used in conjunction with Western medicine, Chinese medicine continues to play a significant role in healthcare, offering alternative and complementary treatments for various conditions.

What is meant by "meridians" in the sentence: "It views health as a state of balance, where the body's vital energy (qi) flows freely along meridians or pathways"?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「字義判斷」與「上下文推論」。題目要求判斷 meridians 在文中的意思,關鍵在於觀察同一句中的同位語(appositive):

“where the body's vital energy (qi) flows freely along meridians or pathways”
「身體的生命能量(氣)沿著經脈或通道自由流動。」

其中 meridians 後方接著出現 or pathways,表示 pathways 是對 meridians 的補充說明,因此可判斷 meridians 指的是「生命能量流動的通道」。

解題方法

先找出題目指定的句子,再利用上下文中的定義判斷:

  • vital energy (qi):生命能量、氣
  • flows freely:自由流動
  • along:沿著
  • meridians:經脈
  • pathways:通道、路徑

句意為:中醫認為健康是身體處於平衡的狀態,身體的氣能沿著某些通道自由流動。既然氣是「沿著」meridians 流動,且後方以 or pathways 解釋,meridians 必然是能量運行的路徑,而不是器官、運動或藥物。

文法與語意重點

  1. where 引導關係子句

where the body's vital energy flows freely along meridians or pathways 是修飾前面 a state of balance 的關係子句,說明「平衡狀態」的具體內容。

  1. along + 名詞

along meridians 表示「沿著經脈」。along 通常用來表示沿著某條路線、通道、道路移動。

  1. A or B 的同義補充

句中的 meridians or pathways 可理解為「經脈,也就是通道」。後方的 pathways 提供較容易理解的同義解釋,是本題最直接的線索。

關鍵單字與片語

  • roots dating back thousands of years:根源可追溯至數千年前
  • a comprehensive system of healthcare:完整的醫療保健體系
  • evolve over time:隨時間演變
  • encompass:包含、涵蓋
  • acupuncture:針灸
  • herbal medicine:草藥療法
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第 38 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Chinese medicine, with its roots dating back thousands of years, is a comprehensive system of healthcare that has evolved over time. It encompasses a range of practices, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, massage (tui na), dietary therapy, and qigong. Central to Chinese medicine is the concept of balance and harmony within the body, as well as between the body and the external environment. It views health as a state of balance, where the body's vital energy (qi) flows freely along meridians or pathways. Illness, on the other hand, is seen as an imbalance or blockage of this qi. Treatment aims to restore balance and harmony by stimulating acupuncture points, prescribing specific herbal formulations, and advising on lifestyle and dietary changes. Chinese medicine is known for its holistic approach, considering not only the physical symptoms but also the emotional and spiritual well-being of an individual. While it is often used in conjunction with Western medicine, Chinese medicine continues to play a significant role in healthcare, offering alternative and complementary treatments for various conditions.

How does Chinese medicine view illness?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與中醫基本概念。題目詢問 Chinese medicine 如何看待 illness,答案必須直接根據文章中的明確敘述判斷。

文章指出,中醫認為健康是身體保持平衡的狀態,而疾病則是生命能量 qi 失去平衡或受到阻塞。因此,illness 的定義是「氣的失衡或阻塞」。

關鍵單字與片語

  • Chinese medicine:中醫
  • roots dating back thousands of years:根源可追溯至數千年前
  • comprehensive system of healthcare:完整的醫療保健體系
  • balance and harmony:平衡與和諧
  • vital energy:生命能量
  • qi:氣
  • flow freely:自由流動
  • meridians:經絡
  • illness:疾病
  • imbalance:失衡
  • blockage:阻塞
  • restore:恢復
  • holistic approach:整體性的治療方式
  • in conjunction with:與……共同使用、配合
  • alternative and complementary treatments:替代性與輔助性療法

解題方法

先找出題幹中的關鍵字 illness,再回到文章中尋找對疾病的直接定義。定位到以下句子:

Illness, on the other hand, is seen as an imbalance or blockage of this qi.

翻譯為:

另一方面,疾病被視為這股氣的失衡或阻塞。

句中的 is seen as 表示「被視為、被看作」,後面的 an imbalance or blockage of this qi 就是中醫對 illness 的看法。因此答案為「氣的失衡或阻塞」。

文法與語意重點

  1. on the other hand

表示「另一方面」,用來對比前一句的健康狀態。前文說明:

Health is a state of balance.
健康是一種平衡的狀態。

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第 39 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Chinese medicine, with its roots dating back thousands of years, is a comprehensive system of healthcare that has evolved over time. It encompasses a range of practices, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, massage (tui na), dietary therapy, and qigong. Central to Chinese medicine is the concept of balance and harmony within the body, as well as between the body and the external environment. It views health as a state of balance, where the body's vital energy (qi) flows freely along meridians or pathways. Illness, on the other hand, is seen as an imbalance or blockage of this qi. Treatment aims to restore balance and harmony by stimulating acupuncture points, prescribing specific herbal formulations, and advising on lifestyle and dietary changes. Chinese medicine is known for its holistic approach, considering not only the physical symptoms but also the emotional and spiritual well-being of an individual. While it is often used in conjunction with Western medicine, Chinese medicine continues to play a significant role in healthcare, offering alternative and complementary treatments for various conditions.

What are some practices included in Chinese medicine?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為英文閱讀理解,考查考生能否從文章中找出明確資訊。題目問:

What are some practices included in Chinese medicine?
中醫包含哪些實務/治療方式?

解題關鍵是定位文章中直接列舉中醫治療方式的句子。題幹指出中醫包含針灸、草藥、按摩、飲食療法與氣功等。

答案定位

文章中的關鍵句為:

It encompasses a range of practices, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, massage (tui na), dietary therapy, and qigong.

翻譯:

它涵蓋多種實務,包括針灸、草藥、按摩(推拿)、飲食療法與氣功。

其中:

  • encompass:涵蓋、包含
  • a range of:一系列的、多種的
  • practice:實務、治療方式
  • including:包括
  • acupuncture:針灸
  • herbal medicine:草藥治療、中藥
  • dietary therapy:飲食療法
  • qigong:氣功

選項 (C) Acupuncture and herbal medicine 正好包含於此句列出的中醫實務,因此答案為 C。

解題方法

本題不需要推論中醫的醫療理論,也不必根據一般常識判斷。應採取「關鍵字對照法」:

  1. 先確認題目詢問的是中醫包含哪些 practices。
  2. 回文章尋找列舉治療方式的句子。
  3. 將各選項與原文的列舉內容逐一比對。
  4. 選出兩個都在原文中明確出現的治療方式。

原文列出的項目為:

acupuncture, herbal medicine, massage, dietary therapy, qigong\text{acupuncture, herbal medicine, massage, dietary therapy, qigong}

只有選項 C 的兩項皆在清單中。

選項分析

(A) Surgery and chemotherapy

  • surgery:外科手術
  • chemotherapy:化學治療

這兩項都未出現在文章列舉的中醫實務中。外科手術與化學治療通常屬於現代西醫常見的治療方式,並非本題文章所描述的中醫核心實務,因此錯誤。

(B) Psychotherapy and hypnosis

  • psychotherapy:心理治療
  • hypnosis:催眠

文章提到中醫重視個人的情緒與精神福祉:

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第 40 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Chinese medicine, with its roots dating back thousands of years, is a comprehensive system of healthcare that has evolved over time. It encompasses a range of practices, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, massage (tui na), dietary therapy, and qigong. Central to Chinese medicine is the concept of balance and harmony within the body, as well as between the body and the external environment. It views health as a state of balance, where the body's vital energy (qi) flows freely along meridians or pathways. Illness, on the other hand, is seen as an imbalance or blockage of this qi. Treatment aims to restore balance and harmony by stimulating acupuncture points, prescribing specific herbal formulations, and advising on lifestyle and dietary changes. Chinese medicine is known for its holistic approach, considering not only the physical symptoms but also the emotional and spiritual well-being of an individual. While it is often used in conjunction with Western medicine, Chinese medicine continues to play a significant role in healthcare, offering alternative and complementary treatments for various conditions.

What is acupuncture?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「定義辨識」與關鍵資訊定位。題幹先列出中醫的多種治療方式,再詢問 acupuncture 的具體意義。解題重點是找出文章中直接說明各種療法的句子,將英文定義與選項逐一比對。

答案定位

題幹指出:

“It encompasses a range of practices, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, massage (tui na), dietary therapy, and qigong.”

意為:「中醫涵蓋多種療法,包括針灸、草藥、按摩(推拿)、飲食療法與氣功。」

其中,文章未直接解釋 acupuncture 的操作方式,但選項提供的內容分別對應題幹列出的不同療法。根據中醫基本定義,acupuncture 是「將細針刺入身體特定穴位」的治療方式,因此選擇 C。

解題方法

  1. 先辨識題目問的是 acupuncture 的定義。
  2. 將四個選項與中醫常見療法的特徵配對。
  3. 排除明顯屬於其他療法的描述:
  • massage therapy 對應按摩、推拿;
  • breath control 對應氣功;
  • herbal medicine 對應草藥治療。
  1. 剩下的「將細針插入身體特定部位」即為 acupuncture 的標準定義。

選項分析

(A) A form of massage therapy
意為「一種按摩療法」。此選項描述的是 massage,題幹中特別以 “massage (tui na)” 指稱推拿,並非 acupuncture。故錯誤。

(B) A practice involving breath control
意為「涉及呼吸控制的一種練習」。呼吸調控、身體鍛鍊與調息通常與 qigong(氣功)相關。針灸的核心操作是使用細針刺激穴位,不是控制呼吸。故錯誤。

(C) The insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body
意為「將細針刺入身體特定部位」。這正是 acupuncture(針灸)的基本定義:利用細針刺激身體特定穴位,以調整身體狀態。故正確。

(D) A type of herbal medicine
意為「一種草藥」。這是 herbal medicine(草藥療法)的定義,與針灸的器具及治療方式不同。針灸使用的是 needles(針),不是 herbs(草藥)。故錯誤。

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第 41 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) contribute to the full implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development at all levels. In Ethiopia, MSMEs can play crucial roles in accelerating progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in line with national needs and circumstances as spelled out in the Industrial Development Road Map (2013–2025) and the "Ethiopia 2030: The Pathway to Prosperity Ten Years Perspective Development Plan (2021–2030)". Despite their noted contributions to SDGs, MSMEs, especially women- and youth-owned enterprises in Ethiopia, have been hit the hardest by the negative socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Returning the economy to its high growth trajectory requires focusing on sectors with high productivity and job creation potentials, including strengthening MSME digitization and entrepreneurship skills to elevate MSME growth and resilience towards external shocks and access to investment and market opportunities.

This workshop is organized in collaboration with the Ministry of Industry, Ethiopia. The workshop aims to strengthen the capacities of policymakers at national and sub-national levels tasked with supporting the formalization, growth, and resilience of MSMEs. It is also designed to elevate digitization and entrepreneurship skills among MSME entrepreneurs, especially women and youth entrepreneurs, to access investment and market opportunities. The workshop will train 50 participants, including national policymakers, sub-national MSME supporting officers, and MSME entrepreneurs, who will be tasked by the government to train more MSME supporting officers and entrepreneurs across the country.

According to the passage, what role do MSMEs play in Ethiopia?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與「主旨判斷」。解題重點是確認文章明確指出 MSMEs(micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises,微型、小型及中型企業)在衣索比亞所扮演的功能。

文章第一段直接說明,MSMEs 能協助衣索比亞加速實現聯合國「永續發展目標」(Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs),因此正確答案是 A。

解題方法

先找出題目關鍵字:

  • what role:扮演什麼角色
  • MSMEs:微型、小型及中型企業
  • in Ethiopia:在衣索比亞

接著回到文章尋找描述 MSMEs 功能的句子。定位到第一段:

“In Ethiopia, MSMEs can play crucial roles in accelerating progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in line with national needs and circumstances...”

翻譯:

在衣索比亞,微型、小型及中型企業能扮演關鍵角色,依照國家需求與情勢,加速朝向永續發展目標前進。

其中:

  • play crucial roles:扮演關鍵角色
  • accelerate progress towards:加速朝向……的進展
  • Sustainable Development Goals:永續發展目標

這句話與選項 A 的內容幾乎完全相符,因此可直接判定答案。

選項分析

(A) They play a crucial role in achieving Sustainable Development Goals.

它們在實現永續發展目標方面扮演關鍵角色。

正確。原文使用 play crucial roles in accelerating progress towards Sustainable Development Goals,意思就是 MSMEs 對達成 SDGs 具有重要作用。選項雖將 accelerating progress towards 簡化為 achieving,但核心語意一致。

(B) They offer support to large enterprises only.

它們只支援大型企業。

錯誤。文章沒有說 MSMEs 的功能是「支援大型企業」,也沒有出現 large enterprises 作為其主要服務對象。文章反而強調 MSMEs 本身需要獲得數位化、創業技能、投資與市場機會等支持。

(C) They primarily contribute to technological advancements.

它們主要促進科技進步。

錯誤。文章提到 digitization(數位化),但這是提升 MSME 成長、韌性及取得投資與市場機會的手段,不是文章所指出的主要角色。題目問的是 MSMEs 在衣索比亞對國家發展所扮演的整體功能,原文明確指向 SDGs,而非科技進步。

(D) They are exclusively involved in the export of goods.

它們只涉及商品出口。

錯誤。文章沒有提到 MSMEs「專門從事商品出口」,也沒有 exclusively(專門地、僅僅)或出口導向的描述。文章談論的範圍包括經濟成長、創造就業、數位化、創業能力、投資機會與市場機會,遠超過商品出口。

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第 42 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) contribute to the full implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development at all levels. In Ethiopia, MSMEs can play crucial roles in accelerating progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in line with national needs and circumstances as spelled out in the Industrial Development Road Map (2013–2025) and the "Ethiopia 2030: The Pathway to Prosperity Ten Years Perspective Development Plan (2021–2030)". Despite their noted contributions to SDGs, MSMEs, especially women- and youth-owned enterprises in Ethiopia, have been hit the hardest by the negative socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Returning the economy to its high growth trajectory requires focusing on sectors with high productivity and job creation potentials, including strengthening MSME digitization and entrepreneurship skills to elevate MSME growth and resilience towards external shocks and access to investment and market opportunities.

This workshop is organized in collaboration with the Ministry of Industry, Ethiopia. The workshop aims to strengthen the capacities of policymakers at national and sub-national levels tasked with supporting the formalization, growth, and resilience of MSMEs. It is also designed to elevate digitization and entrepreneurship skills among MSME entrepreneurs, especially women and youth entrepreneurs, to access investment and market opportunities. The workshop will train 50 participants, including national policymakers, sub-national MSME supporting officers, and MSME entrepreneurs, who will be tasked by the government to train more MSME supporting officers and entrepreneurs across the country.

Which groups' enterprises have been most negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解與關鍵資訊定位,重點是辨認文章中「受 COVID-19 疫情負面社會經濟影響最嚴重的企業群體」。

題幹明確指出:

“MSMEs, especially women- and youth-owned enterprises in Ethiopia, have been hit the hardest by the negative socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.”

翻譯:
「在衣索比亞,中小微型企業,尤其是由女性與青年擁有的企業,受到 COVID-19 疫情負面社會經濟影響最為嚴重。」

其中:

  • MSMEs:micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises,中小微型企業
  • especially:尤其、特別是
  • women- and youth-owned enterprises:由女性與青年擁有的企業
  • be hit hard:受到嚴重打擊
  • the hardest:最嚴重地、受到最大的衝擊
  • negative socioeconomic impact:負面的社會經濟影響
  • pandemic:大流行、疫情

因此,答案直接對應 women- and youth-owned MSMEs。

解題方法

題目問:

Which groups' enterprises have been most negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia?

關鍵字為:

  • most negatively impacted:受到最負面影響
  • COVID-19 pandemic:COVID-19 疫情
  • in Ethiopia:在衣索比亞

回到文章第二句段落,找到 have been hit the hardest。這是「受打擊最嚴重」的同義表達,後面的主詞為:

MSMEs, especially women- and youth-owned enterprises

題目選項將這段資訊濃縮為 Women- and youth-owned MSMEs,因此選 C。

句中的 especially 表示「特別是」,說明在所有 MSMEs 當中,由女性與青年擁有的企業受影響尤其嚴重。

文法與語意重點

  1. have been hit

這是現在完成式的被動語態:

have/has been + 過去分詞\text{have/has been + 過去分詞}

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第 43 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) contribute to the full implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development at all levels. In Ethiopia, MSMEs can play crucial roles in accelerating progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in line with national needs and circumstances as spelled out in the Industrial Development Road Map (2013–2025) and the "Ethiopia 2030: The Pathway to Prosperity Ten Years Perspective Development Plan (2021–2030)". Despite their noted contributions to SDGs, MSMEs, especially women- and youth-owned enterprises in Ethiopia, have been hit the hardest by the negative socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Returning the economy to its high growth trajectory requires focusing on sectors with high productivity and job creation potentials, including strengthening MSME digitization and entrepreneurship skills to elevate MSME growth and resilience towards external shocks and access to investment and market opportunities.

This workshop is organized in collaboration with the Ministry of Industry, Ethiopia. The workshop aims to strengthen the capacities of policymakers at national and sub-national levels tasked with supporting the formalization, growth, and resilience of MSMEs. It is also designed to elevate digitization and entrepreneurship skills among MSME entrepreneurs, especially women and youth entrepreneurs, to access investment and market opportunities. The workshop will train 50 participants, including national policymakers, sub-national MSME supporting officers, and MSME entrepreneurs, who will be tasked by the government to train more MSME supporting officers and entrepreneurs across the country.

What is a key focus for returning the Ethiopian economy to its high growth trajectory?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是英文閱讀理解,考查考生:

  1. 能否掌握題幹主旨與關鍵資訊。
  2. 能否根據原文定位答案,而非依個人常識判斷。
  3. 能否辨識選項是否扭曲、反向改寫原文。

題目詢問:

What is a key focus for returning the Ethiopian economy to its high growth trajectory?

意思是:「若要讓衣索比亞經濟回到高成長軌道,重要的著力點是什麼?」

解題關鍵在於尋找文章中直接回答「returning the economy to its high growth trajectory」的句子。

解題方法

題幹第二段之前明確指出:

Returning the economy to its high growth trajectory requires focusing on sectors with high productivity and job creation potentials, including strengthening MSME digitization and entrepreneurship skills to elevate MSME growth and resilience towards external shocks and access to investment and market opportunities.

翻譯:

「要讓經濟回到高成長軌道,就必須聚焦於具有高生產力與創造就業潛力的部門,其中包括強化中小微型企業的數位化與創業技能,以提升中小微型企業的成長能力,以及面對外部衝擊的韌性,並取得投資與市場機會。」

其中主句結構如下:

  • Returning the economy to its high growth trajectory:動名詞片語,作主詞,意為「讓經濟回到高成長軌道」
  • requires:需要
  • focusing on sectors:聚焦於某些部門
  • with high productivity and job creation potentials:具有高生產力與創造就業潛力的

因此,原文直接說明經濟復甦的重點是「聚焦於高生產力且能創造就業的產業部門」,與選項 B 完全相符。

關鍵單字與片語

  • micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs):微型、小型及中型企業
  • contribute to:促成、貢獻於
  • sustainable development goals (SDGs):永續發展目標
  • play crucial roles:扮演關鍵角色
  • accelerate progress:加速進展
  • in line with:符合、依照
  • despite:儘管
  • socioeconomic impact:社會經濟影響
  • be hit the hardest by:受到……最嚴重的打擊
  • high growth trajectory:高成長軌道
  • focus on:聚焦於
  • sector:部門、產業
  • productivity:生產力
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第 44 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) contribute to the full implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development at all levels. In Ethiopia, MSMEs can play crucial roles in accelerating progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in line with national needs and circumstances as spelled out in the Industrial Development Road Map (2013–2025) and the "Ethiopia 2030: The Pathway to Prosperity Ten Years Perspective Development Plan (2021–2030)". Despite their noted contributions to SDGs, MSMEs, especially women- and youth-owned enterprises in Ethiopia, have been hit the hardest by the negative socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Returning the economy to its high growth trajectory requires focusing on sectors with high productivity and job creation potentials, including strengthening MSME digitization and entrepreneurship skills to elevate MSME growth and resilience towards external shocks and access to investment and market opportunities.

This workshop is organized in collaboration with the Ministry of Industry, Ethiopia. The workshop aims to strengthen the capacities of policymakers at national and sub-national levels tasked with supporting the formalization, growth, and resilience of MSMEs. It is also designed to elevate digitization and entrepreneurship skills among MSME entrepreneurs, especially women and youth entrepreneurs, to access investment and market opportunities. The workshop will train 50 participants, including national policymakers, sub-national MSME supporting officers, and MSME entrepreneurs, who will be tasked by the government to train more MSME supporting officers and entrepreneurs across the country.

What is the workshop's main aim mentioned in the passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「主旨與細節定位」,重點是找出文章明確說明的 workshop(工作坊)主要目的,再判斷選項是否為原文的同義改寫。

題幹中直接出現:

  • aim:目的
  • strengthen the capacities of policymakers:增強政策制定者的能力
  • elevate digitization and entrepreneurship skills:提升數位化與創業技能
  • access investment and market opportunities:取得投資與市場機會

因此,解題關鍵在於比對文章第二段對 workshop 目的的描述。

解題方法

先定位含有 aims 與 designed to 的句子:

The workshop aims to strengthen the capacities of policymakers at national and sub-national levels tasked with supporting the formalization, growth, and resilience of MSMEs.

翻譯:

這場工作坊旨在增強國家與次國家層級政策制定者的能力,讓他們能夠支持中小微型企業的正式化、成長與韌性。

接著看下一句:

It is also designed to elevate digitization and entrepreneurship skills among MSME entrepreneurs, especially women and youth entrepreneurs, to access investment and market opportunities.

翻譯:

此工作坊也設計用來提升中小微型企業企業家,尤其是女性與青年企業家的數位化及創業技能,使其能夠取得投資與市場機會。

兩句合併後,工作坊的主要目標包括:

  1. 增強政策制定者支持 MSMEs 的能力。
  2. 提升 MSME 企業家的數位化與創業技能。

選項 D 完整涵蓋這兩項目的,屬於原文的正確改寫。

關鍵單字與片語

  • micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs):中小微型企業
  • contribute to:促成、貢獻於
  • sustainable development:永續發展
  • accelerate progress:加速進展
  • despite:儘管
  • socioeconomic impact:社會經濟影響
  • be hit the hardest by:受到最嚴重的打擊
  • high productivity:高生產力
  • job creation potentials:創造就業的潛力
  • digitization:數位化
  • entrepreneurship skills:創業技能
  • resilience:韌性、抵抗衝擊的能力
  • external shocks:外部衝擊
  • policymakers:政策制定者
  • sub-national levels:次國家層級,例如地方政府層級
  • formalization:正式化,使企業納入正式經濟體系
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第 45 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) contribute to the full implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development at all levels. In Ethiopia, MSMEs can play crucial roles in accelerating progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in line with national needs and circumstances as spelled out in the Industrial Development Road Map (2013–2025) and the "Ethiopia 2030: The Pathway to Prosperity Ten Years Perspective Development Plan (2021–2030)". Despite their noted contributions to SDGs, MSMEs, especially women- and youth-owned enterprises in Ethiopia, have been hit the hardest by the negative socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Returning the economy to its high growth trajectory requires focusing on sectors with high productivity and job creation potentials, including strengthening MSME digitization and entrepreneurship skills to elevate MSME growth and resilience towards external shocks and access to investment and market opportunities.

This workshop is organized in collaboration with the Ministry of Industry, Ethiopia. The workshop aims to strengthen the capacities of policymakers at national and sub-national levels tasked with supporting the formalization, growth, and resilience of MSMEs. It is also designed to elevate digitization and entrepreneurship skills among MSME entrepreneurs, especially women and youth entrepreneurs, to access investment and market opportunities. The workshop will train 50 participants, including national policymakers, sub-national MSME supporting officers, and MSME entrepreneurs, who will be tasked by the government to train more MSME supporting officers and entrepreneurs across the country.

How many participants will the workshop train, and who are they?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是英文閱讀理解,考查考生:

  • 能否快速定位題幹中的關鍵資訊。
  • 能否辨識數字、人物身分與範圍。
  • 能否理解 including 所表達的「包括……在內」。
  • 能否排除加入文章未提及資訊的干擾選項。

關鍵單字與片語

  • workshop:研習會、工作坊
  • train participants:訓練參與者
  • including:包括……在內
  • national policymakers:國家層級政策制定者
  • sub-national:次國家層級的、地方層級的
  • MSME supporting officers:協助中小微型企業的官員
  • MSME entrepreneurs:中小微型企業企業家
  • formalization:正式化、使企業納入正式經濟體系
  • resilience:韌性、抵抗衝擊的能力
  • digitization:數位化
  • investment and market opportunities:投資與市場機會

解題方法

先找出直接回答「訓練多少人」與「哪些人」的句子,再逐一核對選項中的人數與身分。

定位句為:

The workshop will train 50 participants, including national policymakers, sub-national MSME supporting officers, and MSME entrepreneurs, who will be tasked by the government to train more MSME supporting officers and entrepreneurs across the country.

翻譯:

這場研習會將訓練 50 名參與者,其中包括國家層級政策制定者、次國家層級的中小微型企業支援官員,以及中小微型企業企業家。這些人將受政府指派,在全國各地訓練更多中小微型企業支援官員與企業家。

由定位句可直接得到:

  1. 受訓人數是 50 participants,即 50 名參與者。
  2. 參與者包括:
  • national policymakers:國家層級政策制定者;
  • sub-national MSME supporting officers:地方層級中小微型企業支援官員;
  • MSME entrepreneurs:中小微型企業企業家。

因此選項 C 完整符合文章內容。

選項分析

(A) 100 MSME entrepreneurs only

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第 46 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Respiratory diseases cover a broad spectrum, from upper respiratory tract infections to serious conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary fibrosis (PF), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute lung injury (ALI), lung ischemia–reperfusion injury (LIRI), pulmonary hypertension (PH), and lung cancer. These conditions, characterized by structural changes in airway and lung tissues and reduced respiratory function, pose significant health and economic burdens worldwide. Notably, COVID-19 caused 18 million deaths between 2020 and 2021, further emphasizing the global challenge of respiratory diseases.

COPD is the third leading cause of death globally, while ARDS and ALI account for no less than 4% of U.S. hospitalizations annually. Lung cancer, leading in cancer-related deaths, saw 2.24 million new cases and 1.8 million fatalities in 2020, as reported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Risk factors include smoking, air pollution, infections, and obesity. Despite the availability of treatments like antibiotics and lung transplants, their side effects have prompted the search for innovative therapeutic approaches.

First introduced by Dixon et al. in 2012, ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death (PCD), a term distinct from other modes of cell death such as necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, which is essential for maintaining homeostatic balance. Morphologically, ferroptosis features mitochondrial shrinkage, denser membranes, and reduced mitochondrial cristae, with an intact cell membrane and normal-sized nucleus without chromatin condensation. Biochemically, ferroptosis is triggered by the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and a decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). This imbalance leads to lipid peroxidation, further exacerbated by FeX2+\ce{Fe^2+} through the Fenton reaction, generating a high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

What is the scope of respiratory diseases mentioned in the passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨與範圍判斷」。題目詢問文章提到的呼吸系統疾病涵蓋哪些範圍,必須掌握第一段對 respiratory diseases 的總括性描述。

關鍵原文為:

“Respiratory diseases cover a broad spectrum, from upper respiratory tract infections to serious conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary fibrosis (PF), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute lung injury (ALI), lung ischemia–reperfusion injury (LIRI), pulmonary hypertension (PH), and lung cancer.”

翻譯:

呼吸系統疾病涵蓋廣泛範圍,從上呼吸道感染,到慢性阻塞性肺病、氣喘、肺纖維化、急性呼吸窘迫症候群、急性肺損傷、肺缺血再灌流損傷、肺高壓及肺癌等嚴重疾病。

因此,文章所述範圍包括感染、慢性疾病、急性肺部疾病、血管相關疾病與癌症,且這些疾病會造成呼吸道及肺組織的結構改變,並降低呼吸功能。

關鍵單字與片語

  • respiratory diseases:呼吸系統疾病
  • cover a broad spectrum:涵蓋廣泛範圍
  • upper respiratory tract infections:上呼吸道感染
  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:慢性阻塞性肺病
  • asthma:氣喘
  • pulmonary fibrosis:肺纖維化
  • acute respiratory distress syndrome:急性呼吸窘迫症候群
  • pulmonary hypertension:肺高壓
  • lung cancer:肺癌
  • structural changes:結構改變
  • airway and lung tissues:呼吸道與肺部組織
  • reduced respiratory function:降低的呼吸功能
  • risk factors:危險因子
  • environmental factors:環境因素

解題方法

先找出題幹中直接回答「scope」的總括句。句中使用:

“from A to B”

表示「範圍從 A 延伸到 B」。本句的 A 是 upper respiratory tract infections,B 則是多種嚴重肺部疾病,顯示呼吸系統疾病並非單一類型,而是廣泛疾病光譜。

再將選項與原文逐項比對:

  1. 是否提到「廣泛範圍」?
  2. 是否包含感染與嚴重慢性、急性疾病?
  3. 是否符合「呼吸道與肺組織結構改變」及「呼吸功能下降」的描述?
  4. 選項是否加入文章沒有支持的限定詞,例如 only、primarily、exclusively?

符合原文整體內容者,即為正確答案。

選項分析

**(A) A broad spectrum including infections, chronic diseases, and conditions leading to structural changes in airway

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第 47 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Respiratory diseases cover a broad spectrum, from upper respiratory tract infections to serious conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary fibrosis (PF), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute lung injury (ALI), lung ischemia–reperfusion injury (LIRI), pulmonary hypertension (PH), and lung cancer. These conditions, characterized by structural changes in airway and lung tissues and reduced respiratory function, pose significant health and economic burdens worldwide. Notably, COVID-19 caused 18 million deaths between 2020 and 2021, further emphasizing the global challenge of respiratory diseases.

COPD is the third leading cause of death globally, while ARDS and ALI account for no less than 4% of U.S. hospitalizations annually. Lung cancer, leading in cancer-related deaths, saw 2.24 million new cases and 1.8 million fatalities in 2020, as reported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Risk factors include smoking, air pollution, infections, and obesity. Despite the availability of treatments like antibiotics and lung transplants, their side effects have prompted the search for innovative therapeutic approaches.

First introduced by Dixon et al. in 2012, ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death (PCD), a term distinct from other modes of cell death such as necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, which is essential for maintaining homeostatic balance. Morphologically, ferroptosis features mitochondrial shrinkage, denser membranes, and reduced mitochondrial cristae, with an intact cell membrane and normal-sized nucleus without chromatin condensation. Biochemically, ferroptosis is triggered by the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and a decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). This imbalance leads to lipid peroxidation, further exacerbated by FeX2+\ce{Fe^2+} through the Fenton reaction, generating a high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

How has COVID-19 highlighted the impact of respiratory diseases globally?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題屬於閱讀理解題,考查考生能否根據題幹中的明確資訊,判斷 COVID-19 如何凸顯呼吸疾病在全球造成的影響。解題重點是:

  • 找出與問題中的 COVID-19、highlighted the impact globally 對應的原文。
  • 判斷選項是否忠實重述文章內容。
  • 不受後文 ferroptosis、GSH、GPX4 等生物醫學細節干擾,因為這些內容與本題問題無直接關係。

關鍵單字與片語

  • respiratory diseases:呼吸疾病
  • cover a broad spectrum:涵蓋廣泛範圍
  • serious conditions:嚴重疾病
  • pose significant health and economic burdens:造成重大的健康與經濟負擔
  • worldwide / globally:全世界地、全球地
  • notably:值得注意的是
  • cause deaths:造成死亡
  • further emphasizing:進一步凸顯、更加強調
  • global challenge:全球性挑戰
  • incidence:發生率
  • pollution levels:污染程度
  • therapeutic approaches:治療方法

題目問句:

How has COVID-19 highlighted the impact of respiratory diseases globally?

意思是:「COVID-19 如何凸顯呼吸疾病在全球造成的影響?」

其中 How has COVID-19 highlighted... 是現在完成式,表示 COVID-19 從過去發生至今,已經以某種方式凸顯這項全球影響。

解題方法

先回到文章第一段尋找 COVID-19 的相關敘述:

Notably, COVID-19 caused 18 million deaths between 2020 and 2021, further emphasizing the global challenge of respiratory diseases.

翻譯為:

「值得注意的是,COVID-19 在 2020 年至 2021 年間造成 1,800 萬人死亡,進一步凸顯呼吸疾病所帶來的全球性挑戰。」

這句直接說明 COVID-19 透過造成大量死亡,凸顯呼吸疾病的全球影響。因此正確答案是 causing a significant number of deaths between 2020 and 2021。

選項分析

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第 48 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Respiratory diseases cover a broad spectrum, from upper respiratory tract infections to serious conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary fibrosis (PF), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute lung injury (ALI), lung ischemia–reperfusion injury (LIRI), pulmonary hypertension (PH), and lung cancer. These conditions, characterized by structural changes in airway and lung tissues and reduced respiratory function, pose significant health and economic burdens worldwide. Notably, COVID-19 caused 18 million deaths between 2020 and 2021, further emphasizing the global challenge of respiratory diseases.

COPD is the third leading cause of death globally, while ARDS and ALI account for no less than 4% of U.S. hospitalizations annually. Lung cancer, leading in cancer-related deaths, saw 2.24 million new cases and 1.8 million fatalities in 2020, as reported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Risk factors include smoking, air pollution, infections, and obesity. Despite the availability of treatments like antibiotics and lung transplants, their side effects have prompted the search for innovative therapeutic approaches.

First introduced by Dixon et al. in 2012, ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death (PCD), a term distinct from other modes of cell death such as necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, which is essential for maintaining homeostatic balance. Morphologically, ferroptosis features mitochondrial shrinkage, denser membranes, and reduced mitochondrial cristae, with an intact cell membrane and normal-sized nucleus without chromatin condensation. Biochemically, ferroptosis is triggered by the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and a decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). This imbalance leads to lipid peroxidation, further exacerbated by FeX2+\ce{Fe^2+} through the Fenton reaction, generating a high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

According to the passage, what is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與「句意判讀」。題目詢問文章明確指出的事實:

“Lung cancer, leading in cancer-related deaths, saw 2.24 million new cases and 1.8 million fatalities in 2020…”

其中:

  • lung cancer:肺癌
  • leading:最主要的、居首位的
  • cancer-related deaths:與癌症相關的死亡
  • fatalities:死亡人數、死亡案例

句意為:

肺癌是癌症相關死亡的首要原因;2020 年共有 224 萬新增病例及 180 萬人死亡。

因此,答案直接由文章第二段定位即可。

解題方法

先找出題幹中的關鍵字:

the leading cause of cancer-related deaths

再回到文章尋找與「癌症死亡首要原因」相同的資訊。文章明確寫道:

“Lung cancer, leading in cancer-related deaths…”

這句的主詞是 Lung cancer,而 leading in cancer-related deaths 是補充說明肺癌在癌症相關死亡中居首位。

因此,題目所問的「癌症相關死亡的主要原因」就是 lung cancer。

文章前文雖然提到 COPD 是全球第三大死因,但題目問的是「癌症相關死亡」,兩者所比較的範圍不同:

  • COPD:全球整體死亡原因中的第三位
  • Lung cancer:癌症相關死亡原因中的首位

不可將兩個不同範圍的資訊混淆。

選項分析

(A) COPD

COPD 是 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 的縮寫,中文為「慢性阻塞性肺病」。

文章指出:

“COPD is the third leading cause of death globally…”

意思是:

COPD 是全球第三大死因。

但題目問的是「癌症相關死亡的首要原因」,不是「全球整體死亡的第三大原因」。因此,COPD 不符合題意。

(B) Asthma

Asthma 意為「氣喘、哮喘」。

文章開頭將 asthma 列為呼吸系統疾病之一,但沒有指出氣喘是癌症相關死亡的主要原因。氣喘本身也不是癌症,因此此選項錯誤。

(C) Lung cancer

Lung cancer 意為「肺癌」。

文章明確寫道:

“Lung cancer, leading in cancer-related deaths…”

意思是:

肺癌是癌症相關死亡的首要原因。

此選項與文章內容完全相符,因此正確。

(D) Pulmonary fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis 意為「肺纖維化」。

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第 49 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Respiratory diseases cover a broad spectrum, from upper respiratory tract infections to serious conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary fibrosis (PF), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute lung injury (ALI), lung ischemia–reperfusion injury (LIRI), pulmonary hypertension (PH), and lung cancer. These conditions, characterized by structural changes in airway and lung tissues and reduced respiratory function, pose significant health and economic burdens worldwide. Notably, COVID-19 caused 18 million deaths between 2020 and 2021, further emphasizing the global challenge of respiratory diseases.

COPD is the third leading cause of death globally, while ARDS and ALI account for no less than 4% of U.S. hospitalizations annually. Lung cancer, leading in cancer-related deaths, saw 2.24 million new cases and 1.8 million fatalities in 2020, as reported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Risk factors include smoking, air pollution, infections, and obesity. Despite the availability of treatments like antibiotics and lung transplants, their side effects have prompted the search for innovative therapeutic approaches.

First introduced by Dixon et al. in 2012, ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death (PCD), a term distinct from other modes of cell death such as necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, which is essential for maintaining homeostatic balance. Morphologically, ferroptosis features mitochondrial shrinkage, denser membranes, and reduced mitochondrial cristae, with an intact cell membrane and normal-sized nucleus without chromatin condensation. Biochemically, ferroptosis is triggered by the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and a decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). This imbalance leads to lipid peroxidation, further exacerbated by FeX2+\ce{Fe^2+} through the Fenton reaction, generating a high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for respiratory diseases in the passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與否定問法:

Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for respiratory diseases in the passage?

意思是:「下列哪一項未被文章列為呼吸疾病的危險因子?」

解題重點不是判斷醫學上所有可能的危險因子,而是回到文章中,確認哪些選項確實出現在「risk factors」的列舉中。

文章提到的危險因子為:

Risk factors include smoking, air pollution, infections, and obesity.

翻譯:危險因子包括吸菸、空氣污染、感染以及肥胖。

因此,只要找出沒有出現在這個列舉中的選項即可。


解題方法

文章第二段明確列出四項呼吸疾病的危險因子:

  1. smoking:吸菸
  2. air pollution:空氣污染
  3. infections:感染
  4. obesity:肥胖

逐一對照選項:

  • Smoking 對應 smoking
  • Air pollution 對應 air pollution
  • Obesity 對應 obesity
  • High blood pressure 未出現在文章的危險因子清單中

所以答案為 High blood pressure。


選項分析

(A) Smoking

smoking 的意思是「吸菸」。文章明確寫道:

Risk factors include smoking, air pollution, infections, and obesity.

其中直接列出 smoking,因此它是文章所列的危險因子。本選項不是答案。

(B) High blood pressure

high blood pressure 的意思是「高血壓」,醫學上也稱為 hypertension。文章列出的危險因子只有吸菸、空氣污染、感染與肥胖,沒有提到 high blood pressure。

因此,high blood pressure 是「未被文章列出」的項目,符合題目所問的 NOT listed。

(C) Air pollution

air pollution 的意思是「空氣污染」。文章在危險因子清單中明確列出 air pollution,因此本選項有被文章提及。本選項不是答案。

(D) Obesity

obesity 的意思是「肥胖」。文章明確將 obesity 列為危險因子,因此本選項有被列出。本選項不是答案。


英文單字與片語

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第 50 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Respiratory diseases cover a broad spectrum, from upper respiratory tract infections to serious conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary fibrosis (PF), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute lung injury (ALI), lung ischemia–reperfusion injury (LIRI), pulmonary hypertension (PH), and lung cancer. These conditions, characterized by structural changes in airway and lung tissues and reduced respiratory function, pose significant health and economic burdens worldwide. Notably, COVID-19 caused 18 million deaths between 2020 and 2021, further emphasizing the global challenge of respiratory diseases.

COPD is the third leading cause of death globally, while ARDS and ALI account for no less than 4% of U.S. hospitalizations annually. Lung cancer, leading in cancer-related deaths, saw 2.24 million new cases and 1.8 million fatalities in 2020, as reported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Risk factors include smoking, air pollution, infections, and obesity. Despite the availability of treatments like antibiotics and lung transplants, their side effects have prompted the search for innovative therapeutic approaches.

First introduced by Dixon et al. in 2012, ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death (PCD), a term distinct from other modes of cell death such as necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, which is essential for maintaining homeostatic balance. Morphologically, ferroptosis features mitochondrial shrinkage, denser membranes, and reduced mitochondrial cristae, with an intact cell membrane and normal-sized nucleus without chromatin condensation. Biochemically, ferroptosis is triggered by the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and a decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). This imbalance leads to lipid peroxidation, further exacerbated by FeX2+\ce{Fe^2+} through the Fenton reaction, generating a high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

What distinguishes ferroptosis from other programmed cell death (PCD) forms?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「比較與辨識」:根據文章內容,判斷 ferroptosis(鐵死亡)相較於其他 programmed cell death(PCD,程序性細胞死亡)的特色。

文章提供兩類關鍵特徵:

  1. 形態學特徵(morphological features)
  • 粒線體縮小(mitochondrial shrinkage)
  • 粒線體膜變得較緻密
  • 粒線體嵴減少
  • 細胞膜仍完整
  • 細胞核大小正常,沒有染色質凝縮
  1. 生化機轉(biochemical mechanism)
  • 細胞內 glutathione(GSH,穀胱甘肽)耗竭
  • glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4,穀胱甘肽過氧化酶 4)活性下降
  • 引起脂質過氧化(lipid peroxidation)
  • FeX2+\ce{Fe^2+} 透過 Fenton reaction(芬頓反應)促進活性氧(ROS)生成

芬頓反應可概念化表示為:

FeX2++HX2OX2→FeX3++OHX−+X ∙ X22 ∙ OH\ce{Fe^2+ + H2O2 -> Fe^3+ + OH^- + ^.OH}

生成的 hydroxyl radical(X ∙ X22 ∙ OH\ce{^.OH},羥基自由基)會增加氧化壓力,促進細胞膜脂質過氧化,最後導致細胞死亡。


解題方法

題幹問:

What distinguishes ferroptosis from other programmed cell death (PCD) forms?
什麼特徵使 ferroptosis 有別於其他程序性細胞死亡形式?

句型 distinguish A from B 表示「使 A 有別於 B」或「區分 A 與 B」。解題時應直接回到文章中尋找 ferroptosis 的專一性形態與生化描述。

定位答案的原文為:

Morphologically, ferroptosis features mitochondrial shrinkage, denser membranes, and reduced mitochondrial cristae... Biochemically, ferroptosis is triggered by the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and a decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4).

翻譯:

在形態上,鐵死亡具有粒線體縮小、粒線體膜變得更緻密,以及粒線體嵴減少等特徵。
在生化上,鐵死亡是由細胞內穀胱甘肽(GSH)耗竭及 GPX4 活性下降所引發。

選項 D 同時涵蓋文章明確指出的兩項重點:

  • mitochondrial shrinkage:粒線體縮小
  • depletion of intracellular GSH:細胞內 GSH 耗竭

因此 D 完整符合文章內容。


選項分析

(A) It is the only form of PCD without an impact on the mitochondria.
它是唯一不影響粒線體的程序性細胞死亡形式。

錯誤。文章明確指出 ferroptosis 的形態特徵包括 mitochondrial shrinkage,也就是粒線體縮小,並伴隨粒線體膜緻密化及粒線體嵴減少。因此 ferroptosis 明顯會影響粒線體;選項中的 without an impact on the mitochondria 與文章相反。

此外,the only form 是過度絕對化的表達,文章並未主張 ferroptosis 是唯一不影響粒線體的 PCD 形式。

(B) It is a reversible process that does not lead to cell death.
它是一種可逆、且不會導致細胞死亡的過程。

錯誤。ferroptosis 的名稱本身就是「鐵死亡」,屬於一種 programmed cell death。文章也說明 GSH 耗竭與 GPX4 活性下降會造成脂質過氧化及大量 ROS 生成,最後導致細胞死亡。

因此:

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其他考古題

113 年義守大學的其他科目

義守大學《英文》其他年度

其他學校的《英文》