義守大學 114 年 《英文》
第 1 題2 分
Tom was consistently ____ and concise, choosing to speak with fewer words than his colleagues.
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核心觀念
本題考查「語意判斷」與形容詞字義。句中關鍵線索是:
Tom was consistently ____ and concise, choosing to speak with fewer words than his colleagues.
Tom 一向____且簡潔,選擇比同事用更少的字句說話。
其中 concise 意為「簡潔的、精簡的」,後面的分詞片語 choosing to speak with fewer words than his colleagues 更明確說明 Tom 說話時使用的字數比同事少,因此空格應填入表示「言簡意賅、寡言少語」的形容詞。
解題方法
句型為:
consistently + 形容詞 + and + 形容詞
空格與 concise 並列,需填入形容詞。解題重點在於掌握後半句的語意:
choosing to speak with fewer words than his colleagues
選擇用比同事更少的字句說話
因此答案必須與「少用言語、簡短表達」有關。laconic 正是「寡言的、簡潔的、言簡意賅的」,與 concise 語意一致,完全符合句意。
選項分析
(A) laconic:正確。
意為「寡言的、簡潔的、言簡意賅的」,常用來形容一個人說話簡短,使用很少的字。填入後:
第 2 題2 分
The team leader is an extremely ____ student; he inevitably tries to take all the credit for his team’s victories.
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核心觀念
本題考「上下文語意判斷」與形容詞辨義。
題幹描述隊長「不可避免地想把團隊勝利的所有功勞都歸給自己」,可知此人的性格是「自我中心、利己、愛出風頭」。因此空格應填入 egoistic。
關鍵字義如下:
- team leader:團隊領導者、隊長
- extremely:極度地、非常地
- inevitably:不可避免地
- take all the credit for:把……的全部功勞歸給自己
- team’s victories:團隊的勝利
- egoistic:自我中心的、利己的、只顧自己的
解題方法
先定位能直接揭示人物性格的句子:
he inevitably tries to take all the credit for his team’s victories.
他不可避免地試圖把團隊勝利的所有功勞都歸給自己。
一個人若在團隊合作中把所有成果都歸功於自己,表示他過度重視自我、缺乏謙遜,符合 egoistic 的意思。
句型結構為:
The team leader is an extremely + 形容詞 + student.
空格需要填入形容詞,且該形容詞必須能描述「將團隊功勞全部據為己有」的性格特徵。四個選項皆可作形容詞,但只有 egoistic 符合上下文。
選項分析
(A) cooperative
cooperative 意為「合作的、願意合作的」。
若隊長具有合作精神,通常會願意與隊員共享功勞,而不是「take all the credit」,把全部功勞歸給自己。因此語意與後文相反,錯誤。
第 3 題2 分
Telemedicine is expected to ____ many traditional in-person consultations.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 單字詞義辨析
- 動詞與語境的搭配
- 句型:be expected to + 原形動詞
題幹中的關鍵語意是:遠距醫療預期會「取代」許多傳統的面對面會診。
題幹定位與翻譯
Telemedicine is expected to supersede many traditional in-person consultations.
翻譯:
遠距醫療預期將取代許多傳統的面對面會診。
其中:
- telemedicine:遠距醫療
- be expected to + V:預期會……
- supersede:取代;代替
- traditional:傳統的
- in-person:親自進行的;面對面的
- consultation:諮詢;會診
句子的核心結構為:
因此四個選項在文法形式上都能接在 to 後面,但必須進一步依據語意判斷。
解題方法
先判斷主詞與受詞之間的合理關係:
- 主詞:Telemedicine(遠距醫療)
- 動作:空格中的動詞
- 受詞:many traditional in-person consultations(許多傳統的面對面會診)
遠距醫療是一種新的醫療服務方式,與傳統面對面會診具有替代關係。因此最合適的動詞應表示「取代、代替」。
四個選項中,只有 supersede 符合此語意。
選項分析
(A) propagate
propagate 意為「傳播;繁殖;宣傳」。
例如:
- propagate an idea:傳播一項想法
- propagate a rumor:散播謠言
- Plants propagate by seeds:植物藉由種子繁殖
若填入題幹:
Telemedicine is expected to propagate many traditional in-person consultations.
意思會變成「遠距醫療預期會傳播許多傳統的面對面會診」,語意不合理。會診是醫療服務,不是被遠距醫療「散播」的資訊或思想,因此錯誤。
(B) comport
comport 主要表示「舉止;表現」,通常以反身代名詞使用:
第 4 題2 分
The skin patch was made of a/an ____ membrane to block external toxins.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「語境搭配」。關鍵在於動詞片語 block external toxins,意為「阻擋外來毒素」。能夠阻擋毒素通過的膜,必須具備「不可滲透的」特性,因此選 impermeable。
題幹定位與翻譯
The skin patch was made of a/an ____ membrane to block external toxins.
翻譯:
「這種皮膚貼片由一種__膜製成,以阻擋外來毒素。」
定位答案的關鍵片語是:
- block:阻擋、阻止
- external toxins:外來毒素
- impermeable membrane:不可滲透的膜
「阻擋外來毒素」直接要求膜具有防止物質穿透的功能,因此 impermeable 最符合語意。
解題方法
先判斷空格需要描述的是 membrane(膜)的功能或性質。題幹說明製作皮膚貼片的目的,是阻擋外來毒素。
- 能讓物質通過的膜,無法有效阻擋毒素。
- 能防止液體、氣體或其他物質穿透的膜,才符合題意。
impermeable 的意思是「不可滲透的、不透過的」,正好表示外來毒素無法穿過該膜。
此外,題目中的 a/an 是提示冠詞需配合後方形容詞的發音;正確完整形式為:
an impermeable membrane
因為 impermeable 的開頭發音是母音音,使用 an。
選項分析
(A) flexible
第 5 題2 分
The employees joked that their manager was nonplussed; even when they were deriding him in his presence, he seemed ____ and unbothered.
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核心觀念
本題考「上下文語意判斷」與形容詞用法。句型為:
he seemed ____ and unbothered
在連綴動詞 seem 後接形容詞,描述經理當時的狀態;空格中的字也必須與 unbothered(不受干擾的、不在意的)語意相近。
關鍵線索是:
even when they were deriding him in his presence, he seemed ____ and unbothered.
即使員工當著他的面嘲弄他,他看起來仍然____且毫不在意。
解題方法
句中 even when 表示「即使在……時」,指出員工的行為相當冒犯;deride 表示「嘲笑、奚落」,in his presence 表示「當著他的面」。
經理面對嘲弄時仍然「不受干擾」,因此空格應填入表示「沒有察覺、沒有注意到」的形容詞。oblivious 正好符合「未察覺的、毫不知情的」之意,與 unbothered 並列後語意自然。
選項分析
(A) oblivious:正確。
oblivious 表示「未察覺的、沒有注意到的、毫不知情的」。句意是經理即使被當面嘲弄,仍像是完全沒有察覺,且不受影響:
he seemed oblivious and unbothered
他看起來毫不知情,也完全不受干擾。
(B) pernicious:錯誤。
pernicious 表示「有害的、惡性的、造成不良影響的」,通常形容行為、影響、觀念或疾病,例如 pernicious influence(有害的影響)。它不表示「沒有察覺」或「不在意」,不能描述經理面對嘲弄時的心理狀態。
(C) gregarious:錯誤。
第 6 題2 分
Why don’t you seek out a broader range of opinions and try to ____ this problem from multiple perspectives before making the final decision?
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核心觀念
本題考查「字義判斷」與「動詞搭配」。題幹描述在做最後決定前,應蒐集更廣泛的意見,從多重角度仔細檢視問題,因此空格需要填入表示「仔細審查、詳加分析」的動詞。
正確答案為 scrutinize,意為「仔細檢查、詳細審查、仔細分析」。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
Why don’t you seek out a broader range of opinions and try to scrutinize this problem from multiple perspectives before making the final decision?
翻譯:
在做最後決定之前,你為什麼不尋求更廣泛的意見,並試著從多重角度仔細分析這個問題?
其中:
- seek out:尋找、設法獲得
- a broader range of opinions:更廣泛的意見範圍
- try to + 原形動詞:試著做某事
- scrutinize:仔細檢查、詳細審查
- from multiple perspectives:從多重觀點或角度
- make the final decision:做出最後決定
「更廣泛的意見」、「多重角度」與「做最後決定前」共同形成語意線索,表示必須對問題進行深入而仔細的分析。
解題方法
先觀察空格前後的句型:
try to ____ this problem from multiple perspectives
空格位於 to 之後,因此應填入原形動詞。四個選項皆為動詞形式,文法上都能放入此位置,故本題的關鍵在於字義與語意搭配。
題幹主旨是:
- 尋求更多人的意見;
- 從不同角度看待問題;
- 在做決定前進行仔細分析。
最符合此語意的動詞是 scrutinize。
選項分析
(A) exfoliate
exfoliate 意為「去角質、剝落、使表皮脫落」,常用於皮膚或植物表皮,例如:
- exfoliate the skin:去除皮膚角質
- dead skin cells exfoliate:老化皮膚細胞脫落
題幹討論的是從多重觀點分析問題,並非剝落表皮,因此:
scrutinize this problem
可以表示「仔細分析這個問題」;但
exfoliate this problem
不符合語意,也不是自然的英文搭配。故 (A) 錯誤。
(B) scrutinize
scrutinize 意為「仔細檢查、詳細審查、深入分析」,強調以高度注意力檢視細節,常用於問題、證據、文件、計畫或決策等抽象事物,例如:
第 7 題2 分
A series of reports on beef and pork containing traces of ractopamine, a leanness-enhancing feed additive, led to a significant decline in meat sales ____.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 副詞的詞義辨識。
- 副詞與動詞、名詞片語的語意搭配。
- 根據上下文判斷「肉品銷售量下降的方式或程度」。
題幹中的關鍵結構是:
A series of reports on beef and pork containing traces of ractopamine, a leanness-enhancing feed additive, led to a significant decline in meat sales precipitously.
其中,空格位於句末,需填入副詞,修飾「肉品銷售量下降」這件事。依官方答案,應選表示「突然且大幅地」的 precipitously。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句:
A series of reports on beef and pork containing traces of ractopamine, a leanness-enhancing feed additive, led to a significant decline in meat sales precipitously.
翻譯:
一連串報導指出,牛肉和豬肉含有微量的萊克多巴胺——一種能促進瘦肉形成的飼料添加物——導致肉品銷售量驟然大幅下降。
句意重點在於:消費者得知肉品含有萊克多巴胺後,肉品銷售量「急遽」下降,因此需要表達突然、快速且幅度大的副詞。
解題方法
先判斷空格需要的詞性。句中已有完整主詞、動詞與受詞:
- 主詞:A series of reports
- 動詞:led to
- 受詞:a significant decline in meat sales
- 空格:副詞
再依語意判斷:
- 「銷售量下降」需要搭配表示急遽、突然、大幅的副詞。
- precipitously 正好表示「急遽地、驟然地、大幅地」,符合報導造成消費者疑慮後,肉品銷售量迅速下滑的語境。
選項分析
(A) precipitously
意為「急遽地、驟然地、大幅地」。
例如:
- Sales declined precipitously.
- 銷售量急遽下降。
本題說明一連串食品安全報導造成肉品銷售量大幅下滑,使用 precipitously 能表達下降速度快、幅度大的情況,與 decline 形成正確語意搭配。
因此選 (A)。
(B) intrinsically
意為「本質上地、內在地」。
例如:
第 8 題2 分
Since the early 19th century, the hunt for disease often took ____ over the solicitous attention expected by the suffering patient.
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核心觀念
本題考「固定搭配」與「語意判斷」。
句型為:
take precedence over A
意為「優先於 A」、「比 A 更重要」。其中:
- precedence:優先;優先地位
- solicitous attention:體貼周到的關注、關懷
- suffering patient:受苦的病人
- hunt for disease:對疾病的追尋、研究或診治
題幹描述自 19 世紀初開始,醫學界對疾病本身的研究,往往凌駕於對病人需求的體貼關懷之上,因此應填入 precedence。
解題方法
先觀察空格後的介系詞:
took ____ over the solicitous attention
「take + 名詞 + over」中,最常見且符合語意的固定搭配是:
take precedence over
優先於;凌駕於
代入後:
the hunt for disease often took precedence over the solicitous attention expected by the suffering patient.
意思是:
對疾病的追尋,往往優先於受苦病人所期待的體貼關懷。
前後語意形成對比:醫療工作者重視疾病的探究,卻忽略病人的情感與照護需求,因此選 (A) precedence。
選項分析
(A) precedence|優先;優先地位
正確。take precedence over 是固定片語,表示「優先於、比……重要」。本句指出疾病研究凌駕於病人期待的關懷之上,語意與文法皆正確。
(B) subservience|屈從;卑躬屈膝
錯誤。subservience 指對他人或權威的服從、屈從,常見搭配為 subservience to someone,而非 *take subservie
第 9 題2 分
Smartphones have become ____ in modern society, seen in the hands of nearly everyone.
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核心觀念
本題考「形容詞的字義與語境判斷」,並搭配片語 become + 形容詞,表示「變得……」。
題幹描述智慧型手機在現代社會中「幾乎每個人手上都有」,因此空格應填入表示「無所不在、普遍存在」的形容詞。
關鍵句定位
Smartphones have become ____ in modern society, seen in the hands of nearly everyone.
智慧型手機在現代社會中已變得____,幾乎每個人手上都看得到。
其中 seen in the hands of nearly everyone 是重要線索,意思是「幾乎每個人手上都看得到」,直接說明 smartphones 的普及程度極高。
解題方法
先觀察句型:
因此空格需要填入能描述 smartphones 狀態的形容詞。再根據後半句「幾乎每個人手上都有」,判斷所需語意為:
- 普遍存在
- 到處可見
- 幾乎無所不在
符合此語意的是 ubiquitous。
選項分析
(A) tertiary
意為「第三級的;次要的;高等教育的」。
例如:
- tertiary education:高等教育
- tertiary sector:第三級產業
此字表示階級或層次,與「幾乎每個人手上都看得到」的普及概念無關,因此不合語意。
(B) ubiquitous
意為「無所不在的;普遍存在的;到處可見的」。
代入句中:
第 10 題2 分
Because tuberculosis is a particularly ____ disease, many schools mandate that students be vaccinated to prevent it from spreading rapidly among the population.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 醫學相關形容詞的語意辨析
- 形容詞修飾名詞的用法
- mandate that + 主詞 + 原形動詞的正式用法
- prevent A from V-ing「防止 A 做某事」的片語
空格位於形容詞副詞 particularly 之後,並修飾名詞 disease,因此需要填入能描述結核病特性的形容詞。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
Because tuberculosis is a particularly ____ disease, many schools mandate that students be vaccinated to prevent it from spreading rapidly among the population.
翻譯:
由於結核病是一種特別__的疾病,許多學校規定學生必須接種疫苗,以防止它在人群中迅速傳播。
後半句的 prevent it from spreading rapidly among the population 明確指出題目關注的是疾病的危險性與傳播造成的公共衛生影響;四個選項中,只有 virulent 能合理形容疾病本身具有強烈致病性、毒性或嚴重危害。
解題方法
先判斷詞性:空格後面是 disease,空格需要形容詞。
再依語意判斷:
- 主詞是 tuberculosis,即 tuberculosis(結核病)。
- 結核病是一種會造成嚴重疾病、具有致病力的感染性疾病。
- 學校要求學生接種疫苗,是為了降低疾病在人群中擴散所造成的危害。
- virulent 可表示「毒性強的、致病力強的、危害嚴重的」,最符合醫學語境。
因此應選 (C) virulent。
選項分析
(A) contemptuous
- 意思:鄙視的、輕蔑的
- 常用來形容人的態度、表情或語氣,例如:
- a contemptuous attitude:輕蔑的態度
- a contemptuous look:鄙視的眼神
- contemptuous disease 意為「輕蔑的疾病」,語意不成立。
- 疾病不會對其他事物表現出鄙視,因此錯誤。
(B) contentious
- 意思:好爭論的、愛爭辯的;有爭議的
- 常用來形容議題、人物或情況,例如:
- a contentious issue:具爭議的議題
- a contentious person:好爭辯的人
- contentious disease 並非描述疾病致病力或傳染性的醫學用語。
- 結核病不是「愛爭辯的疾病」,因此不合語意。
(C) virulent
- 意思:毒性強的、致病力強的;猛烈有害的
- virulent disease:毒性強、致病力強或危害嚴重的疾病
- 結核病由結核分枝桿菌引起,可能造成嚴重的肺部及全身性感染,也可能在人群中傳播,因此此字最符合題幹語境。
- 正確答案為 (C)。
(D) dominant
第 11 題2 分
In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), herbs and foods are categorized according to five flavors: sour, sweet, bitter, ____, and salty.
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核心觀念
本題考查中醫「五味」的英文表達,以及選項單字的語意辨析。
中醫的五味是:
- sour:酸
- sweet:甘、甜
- bitter:苦
- pungent:辛
- salty:鹹
因此,題幹中的完整排列為:
In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), herbs and foods are categorized according to five flavors: sour, sweet, bitter, pungent, and salty.
在傳統中醫中,草藥與食物依照五種味道分類:酸、甜(甘)、苦、辛與鹹。
空格位於 bitter 與 salty 之間,必須填入另一個與味覺相關的味道,故選 pungent。
解題方法
先抓住題幹中的關鍵片語:
five flavors
意思是「五種味道、五味」。題幹已列出:
中醫五味的標準英文對應為:
所以空格應填入表示「辛、辛辣」的 pungent。
此題不必依賴複雜文法判斷,主要透過「固定知識搭配」與「語意分類」作答。五個詞皆應屬於味道分類;其中 pungent 正好符合「辛味」。
選項分析
(A) pungent——正確
pungent 的意思是「辛辣的、刺激性強的」,在中醫五味中對應「辛」。
中醫的「辛味」不僅指辣味,也可涵蓋具有強烈刺激性、能促進氣血運行或發散作用的味道。英文中通常以 pungent 表達,因此:
sour, sweet, bitter, pungent, and salty
即「酸、甘、苦、辛、鹹」,排列完整且語意正確。
(B) succulent——錯誤
succulent 的意思是「多汁的、汁液豐富的」,常用來形容水果、植物或肉質組織,例如:
- succulent fruit:多汁的水果
- succulent plants:多肉植物
它描述的是食物的水分或質地,不是味道,也不是中醫五味之一,因此不能填入空格。
(C) tepid——錯誤
tepid 的意思是「微溫的、不冷不熱的」,描述的是溫度,而非味道。
中醫除了五味,也重視「四氣」,包括:
第 12 題2 分
In TCM pulse diagnosis, a person’s health condition can be recognized through pulse ____ at the locations on both wrists corresponding to the organs, heart, lung, liver, spleen, and kidney.
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核心觀念
本題考「醫學語境中的字義辨析」與「複合名詞搭配」。
題幹描述中醫藉由觸摸、按壓手腕特定部位來診察脈象,因此空格應填表示「觸診、觸摸診察」的名詞。正確搭配為 pulse palpation,意為「脈搏觸診」或「切脈」。
題幹定位與翻譯
In TCM pulse diagnosis, a person’s health condition can be recognized through pulse palpation at the locations on both wrists corresponding to the organs, heart, lung, liver, spleen, and kidney.
翻譯:
在中醫的脈診中,可以透過在雙腕上與各器官——心、肺、肝、脾、腎——相對應的位置進行脈搏觸診,來辨識一個人的健康狀況。
句中 through 後接名詞片語,表示「透過某種方法」。空格與 pulse 組成醫學名詞片語 pulse palpation,語意最符合中醫診脈的動作。
解題方法
先判斷語境:題目談的是 TCM pulse diagnosis,核心動作是醫師用手指觸摸並按壓患者手腕的脈搏,以判斷身體狀況。
再分析詞性與搭配:
- pulse:脈搏、脈象
- palpation:觸診、以手觸摸檢查
- pulse palpation:脈搏觸診、切脈
因此完整句意為「透過脈搏觸診來辨識健康狀況」,與題幹描述完全一致。
選項分析
(A) palpation——正確
palpation 是名詞,指醫療人員以手觸摸、按壓身體部位,以檢查其狀態,中文為「觸診」。
pulse palpation 即「脈搏觸診」,可指中醫師在手腕特定部位診察脈象的方式。放入句中後:
第 13 題2 分
Remaking old movies seems to be all the ____ and increasingly prevalent in Hollywood these days.
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核心觀念
本題考「固定片語」與「語境判斷」。句型:
be all the rage
非常流行;蔚為風潮
其中 rage 原意為「狂怒、暴怒」,但在固定片語 all the rage 中,意思轉為「風行、熱門事物」,不可依單字表面意思直譯。
題幹:
Remaking old movies seems to be all the ____ and increasingly prevalent in Hollywood these days.
翻譯:
近來,在好萊塢重拍老電影似乎蔚為風潮,而且越來越普遍。
解題方法
先觀察句型:
seems to be all the ____ and increasingly prevalent
空格前為 all the,空格後接 and increasingly prevalent。其中 prevalent 表示「普遍的、盛行的」,語意上與「流行」相關,因此空格應填入能構成「非常流行」之意的固定搭配。
唯一能形成慣用片語的是:
all the rage
代入後:
Remaking old movies seems to be all the rage and increasingly prevalent in Hollywood these days.
句意通順,表示「重拍老電影已成為好萊塢近來的流行風潮,且日益普遍」。
關鍵單字與片語
- remake:重拍;重新製作
- old movies:老電影;舊電影
- seem to be:似乎是;看起來成為
- all the rage:非常流行;蔚為風潮
- increasingly:日益地;越來越
- prevalent:普遍的;盛行的
- in Hollywood:在好萊塢
- these days:近來;最近
選項分析
(A) rage 正確
all the rage 是固定片語,意思是「非常流行、蔚為風潮」。
例句:
This style was all the rage in the 1990s.
這種風格在 1990 年代曾非常流行。
第 14 題2 分
Flies breed ____ when temperatures are warm, food is abundant, and humidity is moderate.
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核心觀念
本題考查「副詞語意辨析」與上下文判讀。
句中動詞 breed 表示「繁殖、生育」,空格需要填入副詞,修飾蒼蠅繁殖的情況。後半句提供有利於繁殖的條件:
- temperatures are warm:氣溫溫暖
- food is abundant:食物充足
- humidity is moderate:濕度適中
這些條件會使蒼蠅大量繁殖,因此空格應填入表示「大量地、旺盛地」的副詞。
解題方法
定位題幹中的關鍵語意:
Flies breed ____ when temperatures are warm, food is abundant, and humidity is moderate.
當氣溫溫暖、食物充足且濕度適中時,蒼蠅會__繁殖。
題幹列出的三項條件皆有利於蒼蠅繁殖,因此空格須與「繁殖旺盛、數量增加快速」的概念相符。
prolifically 源自形容詞 prolific,意為「多產的、繁殖力強的」,副詞形式意為「大量地、旺盛地」。填入後語意完整:
Flies breed prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is abundant, and humidity is moderate.
當氣溫溫暖、食物充足且濕度適中時,蒼蠅會大量繁殖。
選項分析
(A) skimpily
skimpily 意為「吝嗇地;不充分地;節省地」。它通常描述某人提供資源不足,或某件事做得不充分,例如 be skimpily furnished(家具配置簡陋)。
第 15 題2 分
Cranberries contain anti-____ compounds and can help combat urinary tract infections.
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核心觀念
本題考「字首 anti- 的搭配」與「字義辨析」。
- anti-:表示「反對、對抗、抑制」。
- inflammatory:發炎的;引起發炎的。
- anti-inflammatory:抗發炎的;抑制發炎反應的。
句中「anti-____ compounds」表示「具有抑制某種生理反應作用的化合物」,搭配 anti-inflammatory compounds 最符合語意。蔓越莓含有具抗發炎作用的化合物,並有助於對抗泌尿道感染。
題幹定位與翻譯
Cranberries contain anti-inflammatory compounds and can help combat urinary tract infections.
翻譯:
蔓越莓含有抗發炎化合物,並且有助於對抗泌尿道感染。
其中 anti-inflammatory compounds 是「抗發炎化合物」;combat 是「對抗」;urinary tract infections 是「泌尿道感染」。
解題方法
先觀察空格前有字首 anti-,空格後接名詞 compounds。因此空格應填入一個能與 anti- 組成自然複合形容詞的字,修飾 compounds。
蔓越莓與泌尿道保健相關,題幹語意著重於「抑制發炎、協助對抗感染」。能表達「抗發炎」的固定搭配是:
因此選 (C) inflammatory。
選項分析
(A) inflationary
第 16 題2 分
It was not until the final analysis ____ the bias introduced during data collection was fully recognized.
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核心觀念
本題考「It was not until ... that ...」句型,意思是「直到……才……」。
基本結構為:
題幹中的:
It was not until the final analysis that they realized the bias introduced during data collection was fully recognized.
可翻譯為:
直到最後分析階段,他們才意識到資料蒐集過程中所引入的偏差已被完整辨認出來。
此句使用 It was ... that ... 的強調句型,that 引導真正被強調的內容,即 they realized ...。
解題方法
看到句首的固定結構:
It was not until ...
應立即判斷後面需要接:
that + 完整子句
因此空格後應形成:
that they realized ...
完整句子的主要架構如下:
It was not until the final analysis:直到最後分析階段that they realized ...:他們才意識到……the bias introduced during data collection:資料蒐集過程中所引入的偏差was fully recognized:已被完整辨認
其中 introduced during data collection 是過去分詞片語,修飾 the bias;was fully recognized 是 the bias 所承受的被動語態。
選項分析
(A) did they realize
錯誤。did they realize 是倒裝語序,常見於:
Not until the final analysis did they realize the bias.
此句以 Not until ... 置於句首,才會使用助動詞提前的倒裝結構。
本題已有:
It was not until ...
這是強調句型,後面應接 that + 主詞 + 動詞,不能再接倒裝語序 did they realize。因此:
It was not until the final analysis did they realize ...
不符合本題句型。
(B) when they realized
錯誤。when 通常引導時間副詞子句,表示「當……時」。題幹需要的是強調句型中的連接詞 that,用來銜接被強調的子句。
第 17 題2 分
____ all the U.S. Presidents, John Kennedy was the only one to practice the Roman Catholic faith.
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核心觀念
本題考「Of all + 複數名詞」的固定用法,表示「在所有……當中、所有……之中」。此結構常與 the only one、最高級或比較級搭配,用來指出某群體中的特殊對象。
句型為:
Of all + 複數名詞, 主詞 + be + the only one ...
本題中:
- Of all the U.S. Presidents:在所有美國總統當中
- the only one to practice ...:唯一一位實踐/信奉……的人
解題方法
先觀察句意:
____ all the U.S. Presidents, John Kennedy was the only one to practice the Roman Catholic faith.
後半句出現 the only one,表示要從「所有美國總統」這個群體中挑出唯一符合條件的人。因此空格需要表示「在這個群體當中」的介系詞。
將 Of 放入後:
Of all the U.S. Presidents, John Kennedy was the only one to practice the Roman Catholic faith.
可翻譯為:
在所有美國總統當中,約翰・甘迺迪是唯一信奉羅馬天主教信仰的人。
其中 Of all the U.S. Presidents 等於 Among all the U.S. Presidents,符合題意,因此選 (D) Of。
題幹定位與翻譯
原句:
Of all the U.S. Presidents, John Kennedy was the only one to practice the Roman Catholic faith.
翻譯:
在所有美國總統當中,約翰・甘迺迪是唯一一位信奉羅馬天主教的人。
關鍵定位在:
Of all ... the only one ...
這是「從全體中指出唯一對象」的典型結構。
選項分析
(A) From
from 主要表示「從……來、自……起、從……離開」,強調來源、起點或離開某處。
例如:
- He came from Japan.
他來自日本。 - The train runs from Taipei to Kaohsiung.
這班火車從臺北開往高雄。
本句要表達的是「在所有總統之中」,不是「從所有總統而來」,因此不能用 From。若要使用此概念,通常需說 from among all the U.S. Presidents,但本題固定結構應使用 Of all。
第 18 題2 分
Some pathologists have reached a conclusion ____ a wide variety of factors.
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核心觀念
本題考兩個重點:
- 名詞子句的連接詞 that
- 結構:
reach/come to a conclusion that + 完整子句 that引導後面的內容,說明「結論是什麼」。
- result from 與 result in 的語意區別
A results from B:A 是由 B 所造成,A 起因於 B。A results in B:A 導致 B。
題幹要表達的是:「疲勞是由多種因素造成的。」
題幹定位與翻譯
完整句為:
Some pathologists have reached a conclusion that fatigue results from a wide variety of factors.
翻譯:
有些病理學家已經得出結論,認為疲勞是由各種各樣的因素所造成的。
句型拆解如下:
Some pathologists:主詞,「有些病理學家」have reached:現在完成式,「已經得出」a conclusion:受詞,「一項結論」that fatigue results from a wide variety of factors:that引導的名詞子句,說明結論內容
其中:
fatigue:疲勞result from:起因於、由……造成a wide variety of factors:各式各樣的因素
解題方法
先觀察空格前的結構:
have reached a conclusion ____
reach a conclusion that... 是常見句型,表示「得出……的結論」。因此空格後應接由 that 引導的完整子句。
空格後的核心內容是:
fatigue results from a wide variety of factors
此句文法完整:
fatigue作主詞results作動詞from a wide variety of factors作原因來源的介系詞片語
語意上,疲勞是「由多種因素造成」,因此使用 results from。故選 (A)。
選項分析
(A) that fatigue results from
完整句:
Some pathologists have reached a conclusion that fatigue results from a wide variety of factors.
that 引導完整名詞子句,fatigue results from... 表示「疲勞起因於……」,文法與語意皆正確。
因此 (A) 正確。
(B) fatigue results is because
完整句會變成:
第 19 題2 分
Doctor: What seems to be the problem?
Patient: Well, Doctor, for the last two days, I ____ keep any food down. Every time I try to eat something, I throw up soon.
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核心觀念
本題考查「現在完成式」與表示一段持續時間的時間副詞片語搭配。
句中的 for the last two days 表示「在過去兩天一直到現在」,病人的症狀從兩天前開始,現在仍然存在,因此使用現在完成式:
主詞為第一人稱單數 I,搭配 have;否定句為:
be able to 表示「能夠」,其現在完成式為:
所以否定形式是:
解題方法
先定位時間線索:
for the last two days, I ____ keep any food down.
「過去兩天來,我一直無法把任何食物留在胃裡。」
for the last two days 說明「無法進食」的狀態從過去持續到現在,應使用現在完成式。又因主詞是 I,必須使用 have,不能使用 has。
完整句意為:
For the last two days, I have not been able to keep any food down.
「過去兩天來,我一直沒辦法讓任何食物留在胃裡。」
後句:
Every time I try to eat something, I throw up soon.
「每次我試著吃東西,很快就會吐出來。」
進一步確認病人目前仍持續有嘔吐症狀,因此現在完成式最符合語意。
選項分析
(A) was not able to
was not able to 是過去式,表示「當時無法」。例如:
I was not able to attend the meeting yesterday.
我昨天無法參加會議。
本題的 for the last two days 表示症狀持續至現在,且後文描述目前每次吃東西都會嘔吐。使用單純過去式會把事件限定在過去,無法清楚表達「一直到現在仍然如此」,因此不選。
此外,was 與主詞 I 在文法上可以搭配,錯誤重點不在主詞一致,而在時態與語意不合。
(B) were unable to
were unable to 也是過去式,表示「當時不能」。本選項有兩個問題:
- I 不應搭配 were;標準英文應使用 I was。
- were unable to 為過去式,無法表達症狀持續到現在。
第 20 題2 分
Never before ____.
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核心觀念:否定副詞置於句首的倒裝句
本題考查兩個文法重點:
- 現在完成式:
- 否定或半否定副詞置於句首時,須使用部分倒裝
句首的 Never before 意為「以前從未、從來不曾」,具有否定語氣。當這類否定副詞或片語置於句首時,必須將助動詞移到主詞前方:
本題使用現在完成式:
因此完整句為:
Never before has such a thing happened.
以前從未發生過這樣的事情。
解題方法
先辨認句首片語 Never before 的語氣。它表示「以前從未」,屬於否定副詞片語。
若放在句首,英文須採用倒裝結構。例如:
- Never have I seen such a beautiful view.
我以前從未看過如此美麗的景色。 - Rarely does he arrive late.
他很少遲到。 - Seldom has she made such a mistake.
她很少犯這樣的錯誤。
本題的基本語序若不倒裝,原本會是:
Such a thing has never happened before.
將 Never before 移至句首後,須將助動詞 has 移到主詞 such a thing 前面:
Never before has such a thing happened.
所以正確答案為 (C)。
關鍵單字與片語
- never:從未、從來不
- before:以前、先前
- never before:以前從未、從來不曾
- such:如此的、這樣的
- such a thing:這樣的事情
- happen:發生
- has happened:已經發生過
題幹定位答案的關鍵句為:
Never before has such a thing happened.
翻譯為:
以前從未發生過這樣的事情。
選項分析
(A) such a thing has happened
完整句為:
Never before such a thing has happened.
此選項採用「主詞+助動詞」的正常語序,但 Never before 位於句首並帶有否定語氣,必須倒裝。因此應改為:
第 21 題2 分
If I ____ the house last year, I ____ rich now.
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核心觀念:混合條件句
本題考「與過去事實相反的條件」搭配「現在的結果」,屬於混合條件句(mixed conditional)。
句型如下:
此句的時間關係是:
- last year:條件發生在過去
- now:結果延續到現在
因此:
- 過去的假設:去年買了房子
- 現在的結果:現在就會很有錢
解題方法
先觀察條件子句中的時間副詞 last year。這表示條件發生在過去,而且是假設與事實相反的情況,因此要使用過去完成式:
再觀察主要子句中的 now。結果發生在現在,因此使用:
完整句子為:
If I had bought the house last year, I would be rich now.
如果我去年買下那棟房子,我現在就會很有錢。
這是「過去條件+現在結果」的混合條件句,故選 (C)。
選項分析
(A) bought, am
If I bought the house last year, I am rich now.
bought 是過去式,am 是現在式,形式上雖可在某些語境中表達事實條件,但本題語意是「去年沒有買房子,而假設當時買了,現在就會有錢」,屬於與過去事實相反的假設,條件子句應使用 had bought,主要子句也應使用 would be。因此本選項無法表達題目要求的假設語氣。
(B) have bought, were
If I have bought the house last year, I were rich now.
本選項有兩項錯誤:
- have bought 是現在完成式,不能與明確的過去時間 last year 直接搭配。應改為 had bought。
- I were 文法錯誤。主詞為第一人稱單數時,假設語氣的 be 動詞可用 were,但後面應搭配適當的假設句型;
第 22 題2 分
Many people enjoy going ____ on their shopping trip.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- go + to + 地點:表示「前往某地」。
- both A and B:表示「A 和 B 兩者都」,連接兩個對等、平行的成分。
- 平行結構(parallel structure):
both後面的兩個項目,文法形式必須一致。
句型可整理為:
其中:
both:兩者都to A:前往 Aand to B:以及前往 B
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹:
Many people enjoy going ____ on their shopping trip.
關鍵結構是:
going both to a big department store and to a small boutique
完整句意為:
許多人喜歡在購物行程中,既去大型百貨公司,也去小型精品店。
解題方法
先判斷空格位於 going 後面。go 表示「去某個地方」時,地點前通常需要介系詞 to:
- go to a department store
去百貨公司 - go to a boutique
去精品店
題目要表達「去兩個地方」,因此應使用:
both to a big department store and to a small boutique
兩個地點片語皆採用 to + 地點,形式平行,符合 both A and B 的用法。
選項分析
(A) both a big department store, a small boutique
錯誤。
第一,both A and B 必須使用 and 連接兩個項目,本選項使用逗號,缺少 and。
第二,go 表示前往地點時,兩個地點前都缺少必要的介系詞 to。正確形式應為:
both to a big department store and to a small boutique
(B) both to a big department store and to a small boutique
正確。
本選項具備完整且平行的結構:
both to a big department store and to a small boutique
both 連接兩個同樣形式的介系詞片語:
第 23 題2 分
The impostor eluded detection for so long because she conducted herself ____.
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核心觀念
本題考「假設語氣」與 as though / as if 的用法。
句型為:
主句 + as though/as if + 主詞 + were + 名詞
當從句所描述的情況與事實相反,或說話者認為只是「假裝成……」時,正式英文通常使用 were,不論主詞是第一、第二或第三人稱。
本題中,主詞是 The impostor(冒牌者),既然是冒牌者,就不是合法執業者;她只是表現得像一名合法執業者。因此使用反事實假設語氣:
as though she were a licensed practitioner
解題方法
先判斷語意:
The impostor eluded detection for so long because she conducted herself ____ .
那名冒牌者之所以長時間未被識破,是因為她表現得____。
關鍵在 impostor 與 conducted herself:
- impostor:冒牌者、冒充身分的人
- conduct oneself:表現自己、舉止行為
- 她並不是真正的合法執業者,只是「表現得好像是」
因此空格需要接一個表示「彷彿她是合法執業者」的反事實假設從句:
as though she were a licensed practitioner
完整句意為:
那名冒牌者之所以長時間未被識破,是因為她的舉止表現得彷彿自己是一名持有執照的專業執業者。
選項分析
(A) as though she were a licensed practitioner
正確。
- as though 表示「彷彿、好像」。
- she were 是正式英文中表示反事實假設的用法。
- licensed practitioner 表示「持有執照的執業者/合法執業專業人員」。
冒牌者不是真正的 licensed practitioner,卻表現得像是,因此使用 as though + S + were 最符合文法與語意。
(B) as though she was a licensed practitioner
在本題正式文法中不選。
as though 後面若表示與事實相反的假設,應使用 were,而非 was:
- 正式反事實用法:as though she were...
- 非正式口語中有時會說:as though she was...
第 24 題2 分
Stress can lead to insomnia, ____ to fall or stay asleep or waking up much earlier than desired.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 逗號後的同位語
- 名詞片語與分詞片語的辨識
- insomnia 的語意定義
- 平行結構與語意搭配
題幹句型為:
Stress can lead to insomnia, ____ to fall or stay asleep or waking up much earlier than desired.
逗號後的空格用來補充說明前面的 insomnia。因此,空格處應填入一個能作為名詞同位語的名詞片語。
解題方法
先判斷空格在句中的詞性位置:
insomnia, ____
逗號後直接補充說明 insomnia,最自然的結構是:
insomnia, an inability ...
其中:
- an inability 是名詞片語
- to fall or stay asleep 是不定詞片語,修飾 inability
- waking up much earlier than desired 是另一個與前面並列的失眠表現
完整句意為:
壓力可能導致失眠,也就是無法入睡、無法維持睡眠,或比期望時間早很多醒來。
因此選擇 (A) an inability。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
Stress can lead to insomnia, an inability to fall or stay asleep or waking up much earlier than desired.
翻譯:
壓力可能導致失眠,也就是無法入睡、無法維持睡眠,或比期望時間早很多醒來。
其中 an inability 指「一種無法……的狀態」,正好可用來說明 insomnia 的本質。
關鍵單字與片語
- stress:壓力
- lead to:導致
- insomnia:失眠
- inability:無法、不能力;無法做到某事的狀態
- fall asleep:入睡
- stay asleep:持續睡眠、不醒來
- wake up:醒來
- much earlier than desired:比期望的時間早很多
注意 fall asleep 與 stay asleep 的差異:
- fall asleep 著重「能否入睡」
- stay asleep 著重「入睡後能否持續睡眠」
選項分析
(A) an inability
正確。
an inability 是名詞片語,可放在逗號後作為 insomnia 的同位語,說明失眠是一種「無法入睡或維持睡眠」的狀態。
結構如下:
insomnia, an inability to fall or stay asleep ...
其中:
an inability + to V
是常見搭配,例如:
- an inability to concentrate:無法專心
- an inability to breathe:無法呼吸
- an inability to sleep:無法睡眠
此處語意與文法均符合。
(B) that unable
錯誤。
that 後面若引導完整子句,通常需要接主詞與限定動詞,例如:
that a person is unable to sleep
第 25 題2 分
Despite being a very competent engineer, ____ in job interviews.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 分詞片語的修飾對象
- Despite + V-ing 的句型
- so + 形容詞 + that + 子句 表示「如此……以致於……」
- 句子的主詞與前置修飾語之間是否符合邏輯
題幹開頭為:
Despite being a very competent engineer, ____ in job interviews.
儘管 Robin 是一位非常能幹的工程師,她在求職面試中……
Despite 是介系詞,後面可接名詞或動名詞:
- despite + 名詞
- despite + V-ing
Despite being a very competent engineer 中的 being a very competent engineer 是分詞片語,邏輯上的主詞必須是後面主要子句的主詞,而且必須能夠「是一位非常能幹的工程師」。
解題方法
先觀察句首修飾語:
Despite being a very competent engineer
這個片語描述的對象應該是「人」,而不是 nervousness 或 poor performance 等抽象名詞。因此,空格後的主要子句主詞最好直接是 Robin。
再檢查句意:
「儘管 Robin 是一位非常能幹的工程師,她在求職面試時卻非常緊張,因此經常表現不佳。」
選項 C 的結構為:
Robin is so nervous that she often performs poorly.
句型分析如下:
Robin:主詞is:動詞so nervous:如此緊張that she often performs poorly:以致於她經常表現不佳
完整句意為:
Despite being a very competent engineer, Robin is so nervous that she often performs poorly in job interviews.
儘管 Robin 是一位非常能幹的工程師,她在求職面試中卻非常緊張,以致於經常表現不佳。
句首的 being a very competent engineer 合理修飾 Robin,且 so ... that ... 完整表達「緊張導致面試表現不佳」的因果關係。
選項分析
(A) Robin’s nervousness makes her perform poorly
完整句子為:
Despite being a very competent engineer, Robin’s nervousness makes her perform poorly in job interviews.
此選項主要問題是修飾語的邏輯主詞錯誤。
句首的 Despite being a very competent engineer 應修飾後面主要子句的主詞,但此處主詞是:
Robin’s nervousness
Robin 的緊張
語意變成「儘管 Robin 的緊張是一位非常能幹的工程師」,顯然不合邏輯。真正能成為工程師的是 Robin,不是她的緊張。
此外,makes her perform poorly 本身是正確的使役結構,但無法修正句首懸垂修飾語的問題,因此錯誤。
(B) Robin’s poor performance is caused by nerves
完整句子為:
Despite being a very competent engineer, Robin’s poor performance is caused by nerve
第 26 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Mattson, who studies the brains of mice, rats, and humans in his lab at the NIA, ____ neurological benefits of fasting and suggests that the adaptive stress response may be at their foundation. The gist of this response is that, ____ unfavorable environmental conditions such as toxin exposure, extreme heat, or a lack of readily available fuel, cells in an animal’s body alter gene expression to ____ proteins that play protective roles. These proteins make cells more ____ the stressor ____ enhancing DNA repair or by stabilizing proteins’ 3-D conformations, among other mechanisms. In the brain, the adaptive stress response can strengthen neuronal networks and enhance neural plasticity.
- (A) identify
(B) identifying
(C) has identified
(D) has been identified
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核心觀念
本題考克漏字中的「主詞動詞一致」與「時態判斷」。
句子主詞為單數名詞 Mattson,關係子句 who studies... 只是補充說明,不影響主要句子的主詞。主要結構為:
Mattson has identified neurological benefits of fasting and suggests that...
其中:
- has identified:現在完成式,表示「已經辨認出、發現」,研究成果從過去延續到現在仍具有意義。
- suggests:第三人稱單數現在式,表示目前的研究主張或看法。
- and 連接兩個主要動詞片語:
- has identified neurological benefits
- suggests that...
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
Mattson, who studies the brains of mice, rats, and humans in his lab at the NIA, ____ neurological benefits of fasting and suggests that the adaptive stress response may be at their foundation.
翻譯:
Mattson 在美國國家老化研究所的實驗室研究老鼠、大鼠及人類的大腦;他已經發現禁食的神經學益處,並指出適應性壓力反應可能是這些益處的基礎。
「研究者已經發現某項研究成果,並提出目前的解釋」最適合使用現在完成式 has identified。
解題方法
先找主要句子的主詞與動詞:
- 主詞:Mattson
- 主要動詞一:空格
- 連接詞:and
- 主要動詞二:suggests
因為 Mattson 是第三人稱單數,空格必須填入能作為完整謂語的單數動詞形式。
語意上,Mattson 已完成一項研究發現,該發現對目前的研究討論仍有效,因此使用:
identify 的過去分詞為 identified,故答案為:
選項分析
(A) identify
錯誤。
identify 是原形動詞。若使用簡單現在式,第三人稱單數主詞 Mattson 後面應使用 identifies,不能使用 identify:
- 錯誤:Mattson identify neurological benefits...
- 正確:Mattson identifies neurological benefits...
此外,題幹語意著重於「已經發現的研究成果」,現在完成式比簡單現在式更符合語境。
(B) identifying
錯誤。
identifying 是現在分詞,通常用於:
- 進行式:is identifying
- 分詞片語:identifying neurological benefits...
本句在 and suggests 前需要一個主要動詞,單獨使用 identifying 無法形成完整謂語:
Mattson, who studies..., identifying neurological benefits and suggests...
此結構缺少助動詞,文法不成立。
第 27 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Mattson, who studies the brains of mice, rats, and humans in his lab at the NIA, ____ neurological benefits of fasting and suggests that the adaptive stress response may be at their foundation. The gist of this response is that, ____ unfavorable environmental conditions such as toxin exposure, extreme heat, or a lack of readily available fuel, cells in an animal’s body alter gene expression to ____ proteins that play protective roles. These proteins make cells more ____ the stressor ____ enhancing DNA repair or by stabilizing proteins’ 3-D conformations, among other mechanisms. In the brain, the adaptive stress response can strengthen neuronal networks and enhance neural plasticity.
- (A) with
(B) in
(C) over
(D) under
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核心觀念
本題考查介系詞與固定搭配,空格所在結構為:
under unfavorable environmental conditions such as toxin exposure, extreme heat, or a lack of readily available fuel
其中 under + 情況/條件 表示「處於……情況下、受到……條件影響」。
因此 under unfavorable environmental conditions 意為「在不利的環境條件下」。
此處的生物學概念是:當動物細胞面臨毒素暴露、極端高溫或缺乏可立即利用的燃料等不利條件時,會改變基因表現,製造具有保護作用的蛋白質。
解題方法
先確認空格後方的名詞片語:
unfavorable environmental conditions
不利的環境條件
表示「在某種條件下」時,英文常用搭配為:
- under favorable conditions:在有利條件下
- under unfavorable conditions:在不利條件下
- under stressful conditions:在壓力條件下
- under extreme conditions:在極端條件下
原句描述細胞「受到不利環境刺激、處於壓力之下」的狀態,因此使用 under 最符合語意與慣用搭配。
完整句意為:
The gist of this response is that, under unfavorable environmental conditions such as toxin exposure, extreme heat, or a lack of readily available fuel, cells in an animal’s body alter gene expression to produce proteins that play protective roles.
翻譯:
這種反應的要旨是:在毒素暴露、極端高溫或缺乏可立即利用的燃料等不利環境條件下,動物體內的細胞會改變基因表現,以製造具有保護作用的蛋白質。
選項分析
(A) with
with + 名詞 通常表示「具有、伴隨、使用」等意思,例如:
- a person with experience:有經驗的人
- cut the paper with scissors:用剪刀剪紙
若填入:
with unfavorable environmental conditions
意思會變成「伴隨著不利環境條件」,不符合本句要表達的「處於某種條件下、受到某種條件影響」,也不是本語境的慣用搭配,因此錯誤。
(B) in
in + 情況/環境 在一般英文中可以表示「在某種情況或環境中」,例如:
- in difficult circumstances:在困難情況下
- in a dangerous environment:在危險環境中
第 28 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Mattson, who studies the brains of mice, rats, and humans in his lab at the NIA, ____ neurological benefits of fasting and suggests that the adaptive stress response may be at their foundation. The gist of this response is that, ____ unfavorable environmental conditions such as toxin exposure, extreme heat, or a lack of readily available fuel, cells in an animal’s body alter gene expression to ____ proteins that play protective roles. These proteins make cells more ____ the stressor ____ enhancing DNA repair or by stabilizing proteins’ 3-D conformations, among other mechanisms. In the brain, the adaptive stress response can strengthen neuronal networks and enhance neural plasticity.
- (A) catch on
(B) crack down
(C) rule out
(D) crank out
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核心觀念
本題考克漏字中的「片語動詞語意判斷」,重點在於根據上下文判斷動詞片語的正確意思。
題幹句型為:
cells in an animal’s body alter gene expression to ____ proteins that play protective roles.
其中 to 後面接原形動詞,表示「改變基因表現,以……」。空格後的受詞是 proteins,因此需要填入一個能表示「製造蛋白質」的動詞片語。
文章描述禁食或其他不利環境下,細胞會改變基因表現,製造具有保護作用的蛋白質。因此答案是 crank out,意為「大量快速製造、迅速生產」。
解題方法
先觀察空格所在結構:
alter gene expression to ____ proteins
to 後接原形動詞,四個選項在形式上皆可接入,因此必須依照語意判斷。
關鍵線索是:
proteins that play protective roles
「扮演保護作用的蛋白質」
細胞在毒素、高溫或缺乏燃料等壓力下,會透過改變基因表現,增加某些保護性蛋白質的製造。能表達「大量製造」的片語是 crank out。
完整句子為:
cells in an animal’s body alter gene expression to crank out proteins that play protective roles.
翻譯:
動物體內的細胞會改變基因表現,以大量製造具有保護作用的蛋白質。
選項分析
(A) catch on
catch on 主要有兩種意思:
- 理解、領會
- 流行、受到歡迎
例如:
- I didn’t catch on to his meaning.
我沒有理解他的意思。 - The new trend quickly caught on.
這項新潮流很快流行起來。
本句主詞是 cells,受詞是 proteins。細胞不可能「理解蛋白質」或使蛋白質「流行起來」,因此語意不成立。
(B) crack down
crack down 通常表示「嚴厲打擊、嚴格取締」,常與 on 連用:
crack down on + 名詞
嚴厲取締、打擊……
例如:
- The government cracked down on illegal drugs.
政府嚴厲打擊非法毒品。
第 29 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Mattson, who studies the brains of mice, rats, and humans in his lab at the NIA, ____ neurological benefits of fasting and suggests that the adaptive stress response may be at their foundation. The gist of this response is that, ____ unfavorable environmental conditions such as toxin exposure, extreme heat, or a lack of readily available fuel, cells in an animal’s body alter gene expression to ____ proteins that play protective roles. These proteins make cells more ____ the stressor ____ enhancing DNA repair or by stabilizing proteins’ 3-D conformations, among other mechanisms. In the brain, the adaptive stress response can strengthen neuronal networks and enhance neural plasticity.
- (A) resistant to
(B) persistent to
(C) insistent on
(D) consistent to
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核心觀念
本題考「形容詞搭配介系詞」與上下文語意判斷。句型為:
make + 受詞 + more + 形容詞 + 介系詞片語
其中 the stressor 指「壓力源、造成細胞壓力的因素」,因此空格應填入表示「對……具有抵抗力」的片語。
resistant to + 名詞:對……有抵抗力的、能抵禦……的。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句為:
These proteins make cells more ____ the stressor by enhancing DNA repair or by stabilizing proteins’ 3-D conformations.
翻譯為:
這些蛋白質藉由增強 DNA 修復,或穩定蛋白質的三維構形等機制,使細胞更能抵抗這些壓力源。
細胞在面對毒素、極端高溫或缺乏燃料等不利環境時,會製造具有保護作用的蛋白質。這些蛋白質的功能是提高細胞對壓力源的耐受性,因此應使用:
make cells more resistant to the stressor
完整結構為:
make cells more resistant to the stressor by enhancing DNA repair
也就是:
透過增強 DNA 修復,使細胞更能抵抗壓力源。
選項分析
(A) resistant to
resistant to 表示「對……有抵抗力的」,是正確且符合語意的搭配。
resistant:有抵抗力的、耐……的to:與resistant固定搭配
例:
Bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.
細菌可能對抗生素產生抗藥性。
代入後:
These proteins make cells more resistant to the stressor...
語法正確,且符合細胞適應壓力、降低傷害的文章內容。
(B) persistent to
persistent 表示「持續的、持久的、鍥而不捨的」,通常不與 to 搭配表示「抵抗……」。
常見用法包括:
persistent symptoms:持續的症狀persistent rain:持續的降雨be persistent in doing something:持續做某事
persistent to the stressor 不是自然的英文搭配,而且「使細胞更持續於壓力源」也不符合語意。
(C) insistent on
第 30 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Mattson, who studies the brains of mice, rats, and humans in his lab at the NIA, ____ neurological benefits of fasting and suggests that the adaptive stress response may be at their foundation. The gist of this response is that, ____ unfavorable environmental conditions such as toxin exposure, extreme heat, or a lack of readily available fuel, cells in an animal’s body alter gene expression to ____ proteins that play protective roles. These proteins make cells more ____ the stressor ____ enhancing DNA repair or by stabilizing proteins’ 3-D conformations, among other mechanisms. In the brain, the adaptive stress response can strengthen neuronal networks and enhance neural plasticity.
- (A) during
(B) on
(C) through
(D) within
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核心觀念
本題考的是介系詞的語意與搭配,尤其是:
- through + V-ing:藉由……、透過……
- during + V-ing:在……期間
- on + V-ing:一……就……;通常表示時間先後
- within + 名詞:在……之內、於……範圍內
題目句型為:
These proteins make cells more ____ the stressor ____ enhancing DNA repair or by stabilizing proteins’ 3-D conformations, among other mechanisms.
其中第二個空格位於:
____ enhancing DNA repair
空格後接動名詞片語 enhancing DNA repair,此處需要表達「透過增強 DNA 修復」的方式,因此答案為 through。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
These proteins make cells more ____ the stressor ____ enhancing DNA repair or by stabilizing proteins’ 3-D conformations, among other mechanisms.
翻譯:
這些蛋白質會使細胞更能抵抗該壓力源,方式包括增強 DNA 修復能力、穩定蛋白質的三維構形,以及其他機制。
依語意可還原為:
These proteins make cells more resistant to the stressor through enhancing DNA repair or by stabilizing proteins’ 3-D conformations.
其中:
- make cells more resistant to the stressor:使細胞更能抵抗壓力源
- through enhancing DNA repair:透過增強 DNA 修復
- by stabilizing proteins’ 3-D conformations:藉由穩定蛋白質的三維構形
題目第 30 題考的是第二個空格。
解題方法
先判斷空格的功能:
表示「透過做某事」,用來說明前面結果的實現方式。
本句主幹為:
後面的介系詞片語說明「這些蛋白質如何使細胞更能抵抗壓力源」:
也就是:
透過增強 DNA 修復,使細胞更能抵抗壓力源。
因此,選擇表示「方法、手段」的 through 最符合句意。
選項分析
(A) during
第 31 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Antibiotics are powerful medication for humans to treat infection by destroying gut bacteria. ____ is the case with mankind, the microbiome of mosquitoes which suck blood containing bacteria inevitably makes these mosquitoes ____ to malaria parasites, which may easily reside in them and spread the deadly disease. A study published in the journal Nature Exploration has revealed this fact. Researchers had some mosquitoes suck blood ____ the malaria parasite as well as antibiotics. It turned out that these mosquitoes were more inclined to carry the parasite compared with the control group. Meanwhile, antibiotics also benefit them—extending their life span and making them produce more offspring. ____ , these antibiotics that we take for granted act as a catalyst for the mosquitoes to become a vector. The research result indeed is worth contemplating in treating patients in countries where the ____ of contagious disease is high. After all, we will never want the mosquito to become a super insect.
- (A) It
(B) What
(C) As
(D) Like
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核心觀念
本題考「固定句型」與連接詞的語意:
As is the case with mankind, ...
此句型意為「人類的情況也是如此」、「如同人類一樣」。其中 as 是連接詞,帶出「與前述情況相同」的比較或類比。
完整結構為:
As is the case with mankind, the microbiome of mosquitoes ... makes these mosquitoes ...
可翻譯為:
「人類的情況也是如此,吸食含有細菌血液的蚊子,其微生物群不可避免地使這些蚊子……」
前文提到抗生素會破壞人類腸道細菌;下文要表達的是:蚊子的微生物群也有類似情況,因此使用 As is the case with mankind 最符合語意與文法。
解題方法
先觀察空格後面的結構:
____ is the case with mankind, ...
空格後接 is the case with mankind,形成考試中常見的固定句型:
As is the case with + 人/事物, S + V ...
意義是「……的情況也是如此」或「如同……一樣」。
將選項代入:
As is the case with mankind, ...
文法完整,且能承接前文「抗生素影響人類腸道細菌」的概念,再類比到蚊子的微生物群。
選項分析
(A) It
It is the case with mankind, ...
It is the case 本身可表示「情況確實如此」,但後面接 with mankind 時,無法自然表達「如同人類一樣」的類比關係。若要使用 it,通常須有明確的前文指涉,且本句仍缺少適當的連接語,不能形成本文所需的固定比較句型,因此錯誤。
(B) What
What is the case with mankind, ...
What 可引導名詞子句,表示「……的事物/情況」,但 What is the case with mankind 在此無法自然地修飾後面的主句,也不能表達「如同人類一樣」的意思。句子結構與語意均不成立,因此錯誤。
(C) As
As is the case with mankind, ...
As is the case with 是固定用法,表示「如同……的情況一樣」。本句用來將人類與蚊子的微生物群作類比,文法與語意都正確,因此為答案。
(D) Like
Like is the case with mankind, ...
第 32 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Antibiotics are powerful medication for humans to treat infection by destroying gut bacteria. ____ is the case with mankind, the microbiome of mosquitoes which suck blood containing bacteria inevitably makes these mosquitoes ____ to malaria parasites, which may easily reside in them and spread the deadly disease. A study published in the journal Nature Exploration has revealed this fact. Researchers had some mosquitoes suck blood ____ the malaria parasite as well as antibiotics. It turned out that these mosquitoes were more inclined to carry the parasite compared with the control group. Meanwhile, antibiotics also benefit them—extending their life span and making them produce more offspring. ____ , these antibiotics that we take for granted act as a catalyst for the mosquitoes to become a vector. The research result indeed is worth contemplating in treating patients in countries where the ____ of contagious disease is high. After all, we will never want the mosquito to become a super insect.
- (A) prior
(B) inferior
(C) native
(D) prone
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核心觀念
本題考「形容詞與介系詞的固定搭配」及上下文語意判斷。
句型為:
make + 受詞 + 形容詞
使某人/某物呈現某種狀態
題幹中的關鍵結構是:
makes these mosquitoes ____ to malaria parasites
空格後接介系詞 to,且全文表示「蚊子的微生物群使蚊子更容易受到瘧原蟲感染」,因此應填:
be prone to + N
容易受到……影響;容易罹患……;傾向於……
完整意思為「使這些蚊子容易受到瘧原蟲感染」。
解題方法
定位答案的句子為:
the microbiome of mosquitoes which suck blood containing bacteria inevitably makes these mosquitoes ____ to malaria parasites
翻譯:
吸食含有細菌血液的蚊子,其微生物群不可避免地會使這些蚊子更容易受到瘧原蟲的感染。
文中後面提到:
these mosquitoes were more inclined to carry the parasite compared with the control group.
翻譯:
這些蚊子比控制組更傾向於攜帶這種寄生蟲。
more inclined to carry 與前面的「容易受到感染」語意一致,進一步支持空格應表達「容易、傾向於」的意思。
因此選擇與 to 搭配、且符合語意的 prone。
選項分析
- (A) prior
prior to 表示「在……之前」,例如 prior to the experiment(在實驗之前)。
題幹需要的是「容易受到瘧原蟲感染」,並非時間先後關係,因此不合語意。
- (B) inferior
inferior to 表示「比……低劣、較差」,例如 inferior to the original product(比原產品差)。
題幹不是在比較蚊子的優劣,也不可能表示「蚊子比瘧原蟲低劣」,因此錯誤。
- (C) native
第 33 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Antibiotics are powerful medication for humans to treat infection by destroying gut bacteria. ____ is the case with mankind, the microbiome of mosquitoes which suck blood containing bacteria inevitably makes these mosquitoes ____ to malaria parasites, which may easily reside in them and spread the deadly disease. A study published in the journal Nature Exploration has revealed this fact. Researchers had some mosquitoes suck blood ____ the malaria parasite as well as antibiotics. It turned out that these mosquitoes were more inclined to carry the parasite compared with the control group. Meanwhile, antibiotics also benefit them—extending their life span and making them produce more offspring. ____ , these antibiotics that we take for granted act as a catalyst for the mosquitoes to become a vector. The research result indeed is worth contemplating in treating patients in countries where the ____ of contagious disease is high. After all, we will never want the mosquito to become a super insect.
- (A) laced with
(B) plucked into
(C) swarming into
(D) gnawing on
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核心觀念
本題考「克漏字中的片語辨識」與「上下文語意判斷」,重點是:
- laced with + 名詞:摻有、加入、含有某種物質。
- 題幹描述研究人員讓蚊子吸食「含有瘧原蟲及抗生素的血液」,因此空格需要填入能修飾 blood、表示「含有」的分詞片語。
- 結構為:
意為「含有瘧原蟲以及抗生素的血液」。
解題方法
定位空格所在句:
Researchers had some mosquitoes suck blood ____ the malaria parasite as well as antibiotics.
翻譯為:
研究人員讓部分蚊子吸食含有瘧原蟲以及抗生素的血液。
空格位於 blood 之後,應填入修飾名詞 blood 的片語。後方的 the malaria parasite as well as antibiotics 是被加入血液中的內容物,因此需要表達「摻有、含有」的片語。
laced with 正好符合:
- lace A with B:在 A 中加入 B;使 A 含有 B
- blood laced with B:含有 B 的血液
因此選擇 (A) laced with。
選項分析
(A) laced with:正確
laced with 表示「摻有、含有、加入了」。此處修飾 blood,表示血液中含有瘧原蟲和抗生素,語意與研究實驗完全吻合。
例句:
The drink was laced with alcohol.
這杯飲料中摻有酒精。
(B) plucked into:錯誤
pluck 是「拔、摘、猛拉」,常見搭配為:
- pluck a flower:摘花
- pluck feathers:拔羽毛
plucked into 沒有「含有、摻入」的意思,也不能合理修飾 blood。若理解為「被拔進瘧原蟲和抗生素」,在語意及搭配上都不成立。
(C) swarming into:錯誤
swarm into 表示「成群湧入」,主詞通常是人、昆蟲或其他會移動的群體,例如:
第 34 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Antibiotics are powerful medication for humans to treat infection by destroying gut bacteria. ____ is the case with mankind, the microbiome of mosquitoes which suck blood containing bacteria inevitably makes these mosquitoes ____ to malaria parasites, which may easily reside in them and spread the deadly disease. A study published in the journal Nature Exploration has revealed this fact. Researchers had some mosquitoes suck blood ____ the malaria parasite as well as antibiotics. It turned out that these mosquitoes were more inclined to carry the parasite compared with the control group. Meanwhile, antibiotics also benefit them—extending their life span and making them produce more offspring. ____ , these antibiotics that we take for granted act as a catalyst for the mosquitoes to become a vector. The research result indeed is worth contemplating in treating patients in countries where the ____ of contagious disease is high. After all, we will never want the mosquito to become a super insect.
- (A) By and large
(B) By no means
(C) By all means
(D) On the one hand
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核心觀念
本題考克漏字中的「連接詞/副詞片語」判斷,須根據:
- 空格前後的文法結構。
- 句子與上下文的語意關係。
- 各選項的固定用法與語氣。
關鍵句為:
____ is the case with mankind, the microbiome of mosquitoes ... makes these mosquitoes ____ to malaria parasites.
題幹欲表達:「人類的情況大致如此,吸食含有細菌之血液的蚊子,其微生物群也會使牠們更容易受到瘧原蟲感染。」
解題方法
先辨認各選項的意思:
- by and large:大體而言、總的來說
- by no means:絕不、完全不
- by all means:務必、當然可以
- on the one hand:一方面
本句是在將「人類使用抗生素後的情況」類比到「蚊子的情況」,語意上需要表示概括或整體而言的語氣,因此官方答案指定的 (A) By and large 最接近文章要表達的意思。
不過,若嚴格依照標準英文文法,本句應寫成:
As is the case with mankind, the microbiome of mosquitoes ...
意思是「人類的情況也是如此,……」。
因此,本題空格與句中 is the case 的搭配存在明顯爭議;官方答案 A 應視為命題原意或印刷/選項設計上的瑕疵。依題目要求,以官方答案 A 為準。
選項分析
(A) By and large
by and large 是副詞片語,意為「大體而言、總的來說」,用於概括說明整體情況。
本題文章是在概述抗生素對人類與蚊子微生物群的影響,語意上確實需要「整體而言」的概括語氣,因此官方答案選 A。
但須注意,標準句型通常為:
By and large, antibiotics are beneficial.
若要與 is the case 搭配,應使用:
As is the case with mankind, ...
所以 A 的語意方向正確,但原句文法不夠嚴謹。
(B) By no means
by no means 意為「絕不、完全不」,表示強烈否定。
例如:
This disease is by no means easy to treat.
這種疾病絕對不容易治療。
本句並非要否定人類與蚊子之間的相似情況,也沒有「絕不如此」的語意,因此不合文意。
(C) By all means
by all means 意為「務必、盡管、當然可以」,常用於表示同意或強烈鼓勵。
例如:
第 35 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Antibiotics are powerful medication for humans to treat infection by destroying gut bacteria. ____ is the case with mankind, the microbiome of mosquitoes which suck blood containing bacteria inevitably makes these mosquitoes ____ to malaria parasites, which may easily reside in them and spread the deadly disease. A study published in the journal Nature Exploration has revealed this fact. Researchers had some mosquitoes suck blood ____ the malaria parasite as well as antibiotics. It turned out that these mosquitoes were more inclined to carry the parasite compared with the control group. Meanwhile, antibiotics also benefit them—extending their life span and making them produce more offspring. ____ , these antibiotics that we take for granted act as a catalyst for the mosquitoes to become a vector. The research result indeed is worth contemplating in treating patients in countries where the ____ of contagious disease is high. After all, we will never want the mosquito to become a super insect.
- (A) transmittance
(B) prevalence
(C) maintenance
(D) population
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核心觀念
本題考「克漏字的語意判斷」與疾病流行病學相關字彙。空格位於:
countries where the ____ of contagious disease is high
此處需要填入能表示「傳染病盛行程度」的名詞,且須與 high 形成自然搭配。
prevalence 意為「盛行率;某疾病在特定族群或地區中的普遍程度」,最符合句意。
流行病學上:
- prevalence:某一時間點或期間內,族群中已有某疾病的人所占比例。
- incidence:某一段期間內新發生病例的數量或比率。
題目只表達「某國家傳染病很普遍」,因此使用 prevalence。
解題方法
先觀察空格前後的結構:
the ____ of contagious disease is high
傳染病的「__」很高
再依語意判斷:
- 空格後接 of contagious disease,因此空格應為可表示疾病狀況或流行情形的名詞。
- 後方有 is high,表示「程度很高」。
- 文章討論抗生素使蚊子更容易攜帶瘧原蟲,進而增加疾病傳播風險;因此最後提到的是傳染病在某些國家的「盛行程度」。
完整句意為:
The research result indeed is worth contemplating in treating patients in countries where the prevalence of contagious disease is high.
翻譯:
這項研究結果確實值得在治療傳染病盛行率高的國家中的病人時加以思考。
因此答案為 prevalence。
選項分析
(A) transmittance
意為「傳輸;透射率」,常用於光線、能量或訊號的傳遞,例如光線穿透玻璃的程度。
疾病傳播通常使用 transmission,而非 transmittance。此外,the transmittance of contagious disease is high 不符合本句要表達的「傳染病普遍程度高」。
因此錯誤。
(B) prevalence
意為「盛行率;普遍程度」。the prevalence of a disease 是醫學與公共衛生中非常常見的搭配,表示某疾病在特定地區或族群中的盛行情形。
the prevalence of contagious disease is high
傳染病的盛行率很高
語法與語意皆成立,因此正確。
(C) maintenance
意為「維持;維護;保養」。例如:
- maintenance of equipment:設備維護
- maintenance of health:維持健康
第 36 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Infants are born as scientists, constantly interacting with and questioning the world around them. However, as any good scientist knows, simply making observations is not sufficient; a large part of learning is dependent on being able to communicate ideas, observations, and feelings with others. Though most infants do not produce discernible words until around age one or one-and-a-half, they begin gaining proficiency in their native languages long before that. In fact, many linguists agree that a newborn baby’s brain is already pre-programmed for language acquisition, meaning that it’s as natural for a baby to talk as it is for a dog to dig.
According to psycholinguist Anne Cutler, an infant’s language acquisition actually begins well before birth. At only one day old, newborns have demonstrated the ability to recognize the voices and rhythms heard during their last trimester in the muffled confines of the womb. In general, infants are more likely to attend to a specific voice stream if they perceive it as more familiar than other streams. Newborns tend to be especially partial to their mother’s voice and her native language, as opposed to another woman or another language. For example, when an infant is presented with a voice stream spoken by his mother and a background stream delivered by an unfamiliar voice, he will effortlessly attend to his mother while ignoring the background stream. Therefore, by using these simple yet important cues, and others like them, infants can easily learn the essential characteristics and rules of their native language.
However, it is important to note that an infant’s ability to learn from the nuances of her mother’s speech is predicated upon her ability to separate that speech from the sounds of the dishwasher, the family dog, the bus stopping on the street outside, and, quite possibly, other streams of speech, like a newscaster on the television down the hall or siblings playing in an adjacent room. Infants are better able to accomplish this task when the voice of interest is louder than any of the competing background noises. Conversely, when two voices are of equal amplitude, infants typically demonstrate little preference for one stream over the other. Researchers have hypothesized that because an infant’s ability to selectively pay attention to one voice or sound, even in a mix of others, has not fully developed yet, the infant is actually interpreting competing voice streams that are equally loud as one single stream with unfamiliar patterns and sounds.
During the first few months after birth, infants will subconsciously study the language being used around them, taking note of the rhythmic patterns, the sequences of sounds, and the intonation of the language. Newborns will also start to actively process how things like differences in pitch or accented syllables further affect meaning.
Interestingly, up until six months of age, they can still recognize and discriminate between the phonemes (single units of sound in a language like “ba” or “pa”) of other languages. Though infants do display a preference for the language they heard in utero, most infants are not biased towards the specific phonemes of that language.
This ability to recognize and discriminate between all phonemes comes to an end by the middle of their first year, at which point infants start displaying a preference for phonemes in their native language, culminating at age one, when they stop responding to foreign phonemes altogether. This is part of what is known as the “critical period,” which begins at birth and lasts until puberty. During this period, as the brain continues to grow and change, language acquisition is instinctual, explaining why young children seem to pick up languages so easily.
The primary purpose of the article is to ____.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「閱讀測驗主旨題」(the primary purpose)。解題重點不是尋找文章中某一個細節,而是判斷全文主要在說明哪一個主題。
本文依序介紹嬰兒的早期語言發展:
- 嬰兒出生後即能與環境互動並學習。
- 出生前已能接觸並記憶母親的聲音與母語節奏。
- 出生後能辨識熟悉的聲音,並從周遭語音中學習語言規則。
- 嬰兒逐漸學習語言的節奏、音序、語調、音高與重音。
- 六個月前仍能辨識各種語言的音素,約一歲時則逐漸偏好母語音素。
- 這種能力與語言學習的「關鍵期」(critical period)有關。
因此,全文是在描述「幼兒早期的語言發展」,而不是介紹某一項醫學發現或某段科學研究史。
解題方法
主旨題可採用「首段總覽+末段收束+選項範圍比對」的方法。
首段先指出:
“Infants are born as scientists, constantly interacting with and questioning the world around them.”
意思是:「嬰兒出生時就像科學家一樣,不斷與周遭世界互動並探索。」
接著文章將焦點縮小至語言能力,說明嬰兒在尚未能說出明顯詞語之前,就已經開始學習母語。
全文最具代表性的內容包括:
“During the first few months after birth, infants will subconsciously study the language being used around them...”
翻譯為:「出生後最初幾個月,嬰兒會在下意識中研究周遭使用的語言……」
以及:
“This is part of what is known as the ‘critical period,’ which begins at birth and lasts until puberty.”
翻譯為:「這就是所謂的『關鍵期』的一部分;關鍵期從出生開始,一直持續到青春期。」
這些句子明確顯示,文章核心是嬰兒及幼兒的語言學習與發展過程。故選擇 describe an aspect of early childhood development 最符合全文主旨。
答案定位句
最直接支持答案的句子是:
“Therefore, by using these simple yet important cues, and others like them, infants can easily learn the essential characteristics and rules of their native language.”
翻譯為:
「因此,嬰兒利用這些簡單卻重要的線索,以及其他類似線索,就能輕易學習母語的基本特徵與規則。」
此句總結嬰兒如何從聲音、節奏及熟悉程度等線索學習語言,正是「早期兒童發展」的一個面向。
選項分析
(A) present the background of a recent medical discovery
意思是:「介紹一項近期醫學發現的背景。」
錯誤。文章雖然提到 psycholinguist Anne Cutler(心理語言學家 Anne Cutler)及研究結果,但全文沒有介紹某一項「近期醫學發現」,也沒有交代醫學發現的歷史背景。主題集中在嬰兒的語言學習能力與發展階段。
(B) trace the history of a scientific inquiry
意思是:「追溯一項科學研究的歷史。」
錯誤。文章不是按照時間順序介紹某項研究如何開始、發展或演變,也沒有說明研究者、研究方法與歷史沿革。文中的時間詞,如 “before birth,” “at only one day old,” “up until six months” 和 “at age one”,是在描述嬰兒語言能力的發展時間表,不是追溯科學研究史。
(C) explain the research that led to a new breakthrough
意思是:「解釋導致新突破的研究。」
錯誤。文章確實提及研究者的觀察與假說,例如嬰兒能辨識母親的聲音、區分不同音素,以及在聲音競爭時的注意力限制;但文章並未介紹一項造成「新突破」的完整研究,也沒有將重點放在研究過程或突破成果。這些研究資料只是用來說明嬰兒語言發展的證據。
(D) describe an aspect of early childhood development
意思是:「描述幼兒早期發展的一個面向。」
正確。文章完整描述嬰兒從出生前、出生後數月到約一歲之間的語言發展,包括辨認聲音、學習母語節奏、分析語音特徵、辨識不同音素,以及逐漸形成母語偏好。語言能力正是幼兒早期發展的重要面向。
關鍵單字與片語
- infant:嬰兒
- interact with:與……互動
- question the world:探索、質疑這個世界
- discernible:可辨識的、清楚可聽見的
- proficiency:熟練、精通
第 37 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Infants are born as scientists, constantly interacting with and questioning the world around them. However, as any good scientist knows, simply making observations is not sufficient; a large part of learning is dependent on being able to communicate ideas, observations, and feelings with others. Though most infants do not produce discernible words until around age one or one-and-a-half, they begin gaining proficiency in their native languages long before that. In fact, many linguists agree that a newborn baby’s brain is already pre-programmed for language acquisition, meaning that it’s as natural for a baby to talk as it is for a dog to dig.
According to psycholinguist Anne Cutler, an infant’s language acquisition actually begins well before birth. At only one day old, newborns have demonstrated the ability to recognize the voices and rhythms heard during their last trimester in the muffled confines of the womb. In general, infants are more likely to attend to a specific voice stream if they perceive it as more familiar than other streams. Newborns tend to be especially partial to their mother’s voice and her native language, as opposed to another woman or another language. For example, when an infant is presented with a voice stream spoken by his mother and a background stream delivered by an unfamiliar voice, he will effortlessly attend to his mother while ignoring the background stream. Therefore, by using these simple yet important cues, and others like them, infants can easily learn the essential characteristics and rules of their native language.
However, it is important to note that an infant’s ability to learn from the nuances of her mother’s speech is predicated upon her ability to separate that speech from the sounds of the dishwasher, the family dog, the bus stopping on the street outside, and, quite possibly, other streams of speech, like a newscaster on the television down the hall or siblings playing in an adjacent room. Infants are better able to accomplish this task when the voice of interest is louder than any of the competing background noises. Conversely, when two voices are of equal amplitude, infants typically demonstrate little preference for one stream over the other. Researchers have hypothesized that because an infant’s ability to selectively pay attention to one voice or sound, even in a mix of others, has not fully developed yet, the infant is actually interpreting competing voice streams that are equally loud as one single stream with unfamiliar patterns and sounds.
During the first few months after birth, infants will subconsciously study the language being used around them, taking note of the rhythmic patterns, the sequences of sounds, and the intonation of the language. Newborns will also start to actively process how things like differences in pitch or accented syllables further affect meaning.
Interestingly, up until six months of age, they can still recognize and discriminate between the phonemes (single units of sound in a language like “ba” or “pa”) of other languages. Though infants do display a preference for the language they heard in utero, most infants are not biased towards the specific phonemes of that language.
This ability to recognize and discriminate between all phonemes comes to an end by the middle of their first year, at which point infants start displaying a preference for phonemes in their native language, culminating at age one, when they stop responding to foreign phonemes altogether. This is part of what is known as the “critical period,” which begins at birth and lasts until puberty. During this period, as the brain continues to grow and change, language acquisition is instinctual, explaining why young children seem to pick up languages so easily.
The main purpose of the article’s third paragraph is to ____.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「段落主旨與功能」。解題重點是找出第三段反覆討論的核心變項,以及該變項對嬰兒語言學習所造成的影響。
第三段的核心是:
- 聲音是否能被嬰兒清楚分離
- 主要語音與背景噪音的相對音量
- 音量差異如何影響嬰兒辨識、選擇並學習語言
文中並非討論單純「音量越大,語言學習速度越快」,而是強調「主要語音相對於背景聲音的音量」會影響嬰兒處理語言的能力。
定位答案的關鍵句
Infants are better able to accomplish this task when the voice of interest is louder than any of the competing background noises.
當受到注意的聲音比任何競爭性的背景噪音都大聲時,嬰兒更能完成這項任務。
接著文章進一步說明:
Conversely, when two voices are of equal amplitude, infants typically demonstrate little preference for one stream over the other.
相反地,當兩個聲音的振幅相等時,嬰兒通常不太偏好其中任何一個聲音流。
這兩句形成清楚對比:
- 主要聲音較大:嬰兒較能辨識並處理該聲音
- 兩個聲音同樣大:嬰兒難以選擇其中一個
因此,第三段主要是在解釋「聲音相對音量對嬰兒語言處理與學習能力的作用」。
解題方法
先辨認題幹問的是:
The main purpose of the article’s third paragraph
這表示題目要找的是整段的「主要功能」,不是某個細節,也不是全文主旨。
第三段的內容可整理如下:
- 嬰兒必須把母親的談話從洗碗機、狗叫、巴士聲及其他談話中分離出來。
- 當主要聲音比背景噪音大時,嬰兒較容易完成辨識。
- 當兩個聲音音量相同時,嬰兒通常不偏好任何一個聲音。
- 研究者推測,嬰兒尚未發展成熟的選擇性注意力,使其可能把兩個同樣響亮的聲音當成一個陌生的聲音流。
整段的共同主題是「相對音量如何影響嬰兒處理語言的能力」,所以答案為 (C)。
選項分析
(A) illustrate how distinct speech streams increase the speed of language acquisition
意為「說明不同的語音流如何加快語言習得速度」。
錯誤。第三段沒有討論語言學習的「速度」;也沒有主張不同語音流能加快語言習得。文章反而指出,當多個聲音難以區分時,嬰兒會難以選擇及處理目標語音。
此外,distinct speech streams 是「清楚區分的語音流」,並非本段的主要討論焦點;本段重點在於聲音之間的相對音量。
(B) discuss the mechanism by which louder volumes of speech impede language acquisition
意為「討論較大聲的談話音量如何阻礙語言習得的機制」。
錯誤。文中說的是:
the voice of interest is louder than any of the competing background noises
當目標聲音較大時,嬰兒「更能」完成辨識任務,並非受到阻礙。真正造成困難的是兩個聲音具有相同音量時,嬰兒較難偏好其中一個聲音。
impede 意為「阻礙、妨礙」,與原文表達的效果相反。
(C) explain the role of the relative volumes of sounds on an infant’s ability to learn to process language
意為「解釋聲音的相對音量對嬰兒學習處理語言能力所扮演的角色」。
正確。relative volumes 指「相對音量」,也就是主要語音與背景聲音之間的音量關係。第三段正是比較:
第 38 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Infants are born as scientists, constantly interacting with and questioning the world around them. However, as any good scientist knows, simply making observations is not sufficient; a large part of learning is dependent on being able to communicate ideas, observations, and feelings with others. Though most infants do not produce discernible words until around age one or one-and-a-half, they begin gaining proficiency in their native languages long before that. In fact, many linguists agree that a newborn baby’s brain is already pre-programmed for language acquisition, meaning that it’s as natural for a baby to talk as it is for a dog to dig.
According to psycholinguist Anne Cutler, an infant’s language acquisition actually begins well before birth. At only one day old, newborns have demonstrated the ability to recognize the voices and rhythms heard during their last trimester in the muffled confines of the womb. In general, infants are more likely to attend to a specific voice stream if they perceive it as more familiar than other streams. Newborns tend to be especially partial to their mother’s voice and her native language, as opposed to another woman or another language. For example, when an infant is presented with a voice stream spoken by his mother and a background stream delivered by an unfamiliar voice, he will effortlessly attend to his mother while ignoring the background stream. Therefore, by using these simple yet important cues, and others like them, infants can easily learn the essential characteristics and rules of their native language.
However, it is important to note that an infant’s ability to learn from the nuances of her mother’s speech is predicated upon her ability to separate that speech from the sounds of the dishwasher, the family dog, the bus stopping on the street outside, and, quite possibly, other streams of speech, like a newscaster on the television down the hall or siblings playing in an adjacent room. Infants are better able to accomplish this task when the voice of interest is louder than any of the competing background noises. Conversely, when two voices are of equal amplitude, infants typically demonstrate little preference for one stream over the other. Researchers have hypothesized that because an infant’s ability to selectively pay attention to one voice or sound, even in a mix of others, has not fully developed yet, the infant is actually interpreting competing voice streams that are equally loud as one single stream with unfamiliar patterns and sounds.
During the first few months after birth, infants will subconsciously study the language being used around them, taking note of the rhythmic patterns, the sequences of sounds, and the intonation of the language. Newborns will also start to actively process how things like differences in pitch or accented syllables further affect meaning.
Interestingly, up until six months of age, they can still recognize and discriminate between the phonemes (single units of sound in a language like “ba” or “pa”) of other languages. Though infants do display a preference for the language they heard in utero, most infants are not biased towards the specific phonemes of that language.
This ability to recognize and discriminate between all phonemes comes to an end by the middle of their first year, at which point infants start displaying a preference for phonemes in their native language, culminating at age one, when they stop responding to foreign phonemes altogether. This is part of what is known as the “critical period,” which begins at birth and lasts until puberty. During this period, as the brain continues to grow and change, language acquisition is instinctual, explaining why young children seem to pick up languages so easily.
According to the article, children begin to learn the rhythms, pitches, and accents of speech ____.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與「時間順序判讀」。題目詢問嬰兒何時開始學習語言中的:
- rhythms:節奏
- pitches:音高
- accents:重音、語調特徵
文章已直接交代發生時間,應優先尋找與題目關鍵字相同或意義相近的句子。
解題方法
定位文章第四段:
“During the first few months after birth, infants will subconsciously study the language being used around them, taking note of the rhythmic patterns, the sequences of sounds, and the intonation of the language.”
翻譯:
出生後最初幾個月,嬰兒會下意識地研究周遭使用的語言,注意其中的節奏模式、聲音排列順序,以及語言的語調。
題目中的:
- rhythms 對應原文的 rhythmic patterns
- pitches 對應文章前後文所談的 pitch
- accents 對應 intonation 或 accented syllables
關鍵時間片語是 during the first few months after birth,意思是「出生後最初幾個月」。因此答案為 in the first few months after birth。
語意與文法重點
- during + 一段時間
- during the first few months after birth
- 意思是「在出生後最初幾個月期間」。
- after birth
- birth 是名詞,指「出生」。
- after birth 表示「出生之後」。
- take note of
- 意思是「注意、留意、記下」。
- 原文的 taking note of the rhythmic patterns 表示嬰兒開始注意語言的節奏特徵。
- rhythm、pitch、accent
- rhythm:節奏
- pitch:音高
- accent:重音、口音;在語音學中可指某音節受到特別強調的現象
- intonation:語調、句子聲音高低的變化
本題不是問嬰兒何時能說出完整單字,也不是問何時開始辨認外語音素,而是問何時開始學習語音的節奏、音高與重音,因此必須對準文章中描述語言聲音特徵的段落。
選項分析
第 39 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Infants are born as scientists, constantly interacting with and questioning the world around them. However, as any good scientist knows, simply making observations is not sufficient; a large part of learning is dependent on being able to communicate ideas, observations, and feelings with others. Though most infants do not produce discernible words until around age one or one-and-a-half, they begin gaining proficiency in their native languages long before that. In fact, many linguists agree that a newborn baby’s brain is already pre-programmed for language acquisition, meaning that it’s as natural for a baby to talk as it is for a dog to dig.
According to psycholinguist Anne Cutler, an infant’s language acquisition actually begins well before birth. At only one day old, newborns have demonstrated the ability to recognize the voices and rhythms heard during their last trimester in the muffled confines of the womb. In general, infants are more likely to attend to a specific voice stream if they perceive it as more familiar than other streams. Newborns tend to be especially partial to their mother’s voice and her native language, as opposed to another woman or another language. For example, when an infant is presented with a voice stream spoken by his mother and a background stream delivered by an unfamiliar voice, he will effortlessly attend to his mother while ignoring the background stream. Therefore, by using these simple yet important cues, and others like them, infants can easily learn the essential characteristics and rules of their native language.
However, it is important to note that an infant’s ability to learn from the nuances of her mother’s speech is predicated upon her ability to separate that speech from the sounds of the dishwasher, the family dog, the bus stopping on the street outside, and, quite possibly, other streams of speech, like a newscaster on the television down the hall or siblings playing in an adjacent room. Infants are better able to accomplish this task when the voice of interest is louder than any of the competing background noises. Conversely, when two voices are of equal amplitude, infants typically demonstrate little preference for one stream over the other. Researchers have hypothesized that because an infant’s ability to selectively pay attention to one voice or sound, even in a mix of others, has not fully developed yet, the infant is actually interpreting competing voice streams that are equally loud as one single stream with unfamiliar patterns and sounds.
During the first few months after birth, infants will subconsciously study the language being used around them, taking note of the rhythmic patterns, the sequences of sounds, and the intonation of the language. Newborns will also start to actively process how things like differences in pitch or accented syllables further affect meaning.
Interestingly, up until six months of age, they can still recognize and discriminate between the phonemes (single units of sound in a language like “ba” or “pa”) of other languages. Though infants do display a preference for the language they heard in utero, most infants are not biased towards the specific phonemes of that language.
This ability to recognize and discriminate between all phonemes comes to an end by the middle of their first year, at which point infants start displaying a preference for phonemes in their native language, culminating at age one, when they stop responding to foreign phonemes altogether. This is part of what is known as the “critical period,” which begins at birth and lasts until puberty. During this period, as the brain continues to grow and change, language acquisition is instinctual, explaining why young children seem to pick up languages so easily.
The article most strongly suggests that a mother who wants to assist her infant in language acquisition should ____.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與「因果推論」。文章主旨在說明嬰兒如何透過辨識聲音、節奏、音素、音調等語言線索,逐步學習母語。
題目問:母親若想協助嬰兒進行語言習得,應採取什麼做法。解題關鍵在第三段:嬰兒必須先將母親的聲音與周遭雜音分離,才能有效學習母親說話中的語言特徵。
解題方法
先找出題幹中的關鍵動詞:
- assist her infant in language acquisition:協助她的嬰兒進行語言習得
- should:應該
接著回文章尋找「如何幫助嬰兒學習語言」的具體條件。定位到第三段:
Infants are better able to accomplish this task when the voice of interest is louder than any of the competing background noises.
翻譯:
當主要聲音比任何競爭性的背景噪音都大聲時,嬰兒更能完成這項任務。
前文的 this task 指的是將母親的聲音與洗碗機、狗叫聲、公車聲、電視聲及其他談話聲分離。若母親的聲音較大,嬰兒就比較容易集中注意力,進而學習語言的節奏、音序、音調與音素。
因此,官方答案為 (C)。
文章定位與語意重點
第三段先指出:
an infant’s ability to learn from the nuances of her mother’s speech is predicated upon her ability to separate that speech from the sounds of the dishwasher...
翻譯:
嬰兒能從母親說話的細微差異中學習,先決條件是她必須能夠將母親的話語與洗碗機等聲音分離。
其中:
- be predicated upon:以……為先決條件;建立在……基礎上
- nuances:細微差異
- separate A from B:將 A 與 B 分開
- competing background noises:相互干擾的背景噪音
- voice of interest:所關注的聲音,本文指母親的聲音
- louder than:比……更大聲
- equal amplitude:相同音量;相同振幅
文章接著明確說明:
Conversely, when two voices are of equal amplitude, infants typically demonstrate little preference for one stream over the other.
翻譯:
相反地,當兩個聲音具有相同音量時,嬰兒通常不太偏好其中一個聲音。
Conversely 表示「相反地」,與前一句形成對比,進一步證明母親的聲音需要比背景聲音更突出,嬰兒才較能辨識並學習。
選項分析
(A) preclude her infant from exposure to as many spoken languages as possible
翻譯:
盡可能禁止嬰兒接觸多種口語語言。
錯誤。
第 40 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Infants are born as scientists, constantly interacting with and questioning the world around them. However, as any good scientist knows, simply making observations is not sufficient; a large part of learning is dependent on being able to communicate ideas, observations, and feelings with others. Though most infants do not produce discernible words until around age one or one-and-a-half, they begin gaining proficiency in their native languages long before that. In fact, many linguists agree that a newborn baby’s brain is already pre-programmed for language acquisition, meaning that it’s as natural for a baby to talk as it is for a dog to dig.
According to psycholinguist Anne Cutler, an infant’s language acquisition actually begins well before birth. At only one day old, newborns have demonstrated the ability to recognize the voices and rhythms heard during their last trimester in the muffled confines of the womb. In general, infants are more likely to attend to a specific voice stream if they perceive it as more familiar than other streams. Newborns tend to be especially partial to their mother’s voice and her native language, as opposed to another woman or another language. For example, when an infant is presented with a voice stream spoken by his mother and a background stream delivered by an unfamiliar voice, he will effortlessly attend to his mother while ignoring the background stream. Therefore, by using these simple yet important cues, and others like them, infants can easily learn the essential characteristics and rules of their native language.
However, it is important to note that an infant’s ability to learn from the nuances of her mother’s speech is predicated upon her ability to separate that speech from the sounds of the dishwasher, the family dog, the bus stopping on the street outside, and, quite possibly, other streams of speech, like a newscaster on the television down the hall or siblings playing in an adjacent room. Infants are better able to accomplish this task when the voice of interest is louder than any of the competing background noises. Conversely, when two voices are of equal amplitude, infants typically demonstrate little preference for one stream over the other. Researchers have hypothesized that because an infant’s ability to selectively pay attention to one voice or sound, even in a mix of others, has not fully developed yet, the infant is actually interpreting competing voice streams that are equally loud as one single stream with unfamiliar patterns and sounds.
During the first few months after birth, infants will subconsciously study the language being used around them, taking note of the rhythmic patterns, the sequences of sounds, and the intonation of the language. Newborns will also start to actively process how things like differences in pitch or accented syllables further affect meaning.
Interestingly, up until six months of age, they can still recognize and discriminate between the phonemes (single units of sound in a language like “ba” or “pa”) of other languages. Though infants do display a preference for the language they heard in utero, most infants are not biased towards the specific phonemes of that language.
This ability to recognize and discriminate between all phonemes comes to an end by the middle of their first year, at which point infants start displaying a preference for phonemes in their native language, culminating at age one, when they stop responding to foreign phonemes altogether. This is part of what is known as the “critical period,” which begins at birth and lasts until puberty. During this period, as the brain continues to grow and change, language acquisition is instinctual, explaining why young children seem to pick up languages so easily.
The most likely purpose of the discussion of phonemes in the article is to ____.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「段落功能/作者目的」。判斷重點不在於 phoneme 的字面定義,而在於作者為何在文章中加入「嬰兒辨識不同語言音素」的說明。
文章先指出嬰兒出生後會接觸語言,接著依時間順序說明語言能力的發展:
- 出生後可辨認子宮內聽過的聲音與節奏。
- 六個月以前,仍能辨認其他語言的音素。
- 一歲左右,逐漸偏好母語音素,並停止對外語音素產生反應。
- 這種發展與「critical period」有關。
因此,phonemes 的討論是用來呈現兒童語言習得過程中的重要發展階段。
解題方法
先鎖定題幹中的關鍵詞:
The most likely purpose of the discussion of phonemes in the article is to ____.
其中:
- purpose:目的、作用
- discussion of phonemes:對音素的討論
- identify important stages:指出重要階段
接著定位文章中直接描述發展階段的句子:
Interestingly, up until six months of age, they can still recognize and discriminate between the phonemes ... of other languages.
翻譯:有趣的是,在六個月大以前,嬰兒仍能辨認並區分其他語言的音素。
This ability to recognize and discriminate between all phonemes comes to an end by the middle of their first year, at which point infants start displaying a preference for phonemes in their native language, culminating at age one, when they stop responding to foreign phonemes altogether.
翻譯:這種辨認並區分所有音素的能力,在嬰兒第一年的中期便會結束;此時嬰兒開始偏好母語中的音素,到了約一歲時,甚至完全不再對外語音素產生反應。
這兩句明確呈現「六個月以前、第一年中期、一歲」等時間節點,也說明嬰兒從能辨認所有音素,逐漸轉變為偏好母語音素的過程。因此答案是 (A)。
關鍵單字、片語與語意重點
- phoneme:音素,語言中能區分意義的最小語音單位
- recognize:辨認
- discriminate between A and B:區分 A 與 B
- up until six months of age:直到六個月大以前
- display a preference for:展現對……的偏好
- native language:母語
- foreign phoneme:外語音素
- come to an end:結束
- at which point:此時;在那個時間點
- culminating at age one:在一歲時達到發展結果
- altogether:完全地、徹底地
- critical period:關鍵期,指語言學習能力特別自然、有效的一段發展時期
第 41 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Smart healthcare integrates advanced technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and mobile devices to transform conventional medicine into a more efficient, personalized, and interactive system. Originating from IBM's “Smart Planet” concept, smart healthcare employs digital tools, wearable devices, and clinical decision-support systems to connect healthcare providers, patients, and medical institutions dynamically.
AI-powered tools, including surgical robots and virtual assistants like IBM Watson, have demonstrated enhanced diagnostic accuracy and personalized treatment planning in various medical fields, notably oncology and chronic disease management. Moreover, smart wearable devices facilitate continuous health monitoring, enabling real-time interventions and improving self-management among patients. Smart home technologies further extend healthcare beyond traditional settings, especially benefiting elderly and disabled populations by automating home care and health monitoring.
Despite significant advancements, challenges persist, such as lack of standardized technology frameworks, data-sharing limitations, privacy concerns, and technical immaturity of specific systems. To overcome these obstacles, unified technical standards have been proposed, big-data analytic capacities have been enhanced, device compatibility improved, and patient privacy has been safeguarded through robust regulation and blockchain technology.
The future of smart healthcare holds promise for personalized medicine, improved patient experiences, reduced healthcare costs, efficient hospital management, and streamlined drug research and clinical trials. However, realizing these potentials requires continued technological innovation and cooperation among patients, healthcare professionals, technology developers, and policymakers. Therefore, sustained collaborative efforts across technology sectors, healthcare providers, and legislative bodies will be crucial for achieving worldwide secure, effective, and equitable implementation of smart healthcare solutions.
What is the primary purpose of the article?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀測驗中的「文章主旨判斷」(main idea / primary purpose)。解題重點不是尋找單一細節,而是統整全文各段的共同功能,判斷作者主要想:
- 介紹 smart healthcare 的概念與特色;
- 說明其實際應用;
- 分析目前面臨的問題;
- 展望未來發展與必要條件。
全文依序涵蓋定義、應用、挑戰、改善方式及未來展望,因此主旨是「介紹智慧醫療,並討論其應用與挑戰」。
解題方法
判斷文章主旨時,可先觀察:
- 首段:說明 smart healthcare 是什麼,以及使用哪些科技。
- 次段:介紹 AI、手術機器人、虛擬助理、穿戴裝置與智慧家庭的應用。
- 第三段:指出標準化、資料共享、隱私與技術成熟度等問題。
- 末段:說明未來前景,以及各方合作的重要性。
定位答案的關鍵句為:
“Smart healthcare integrates advanced technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and mobile devices to transform conventional medicine into a more efficient, personalized, and interactive system.”
翻譯:
「智慧醫療整合物聯網、大數據、雲端運算、人工智慧與行動裝置等先進科技,將傳統醫療轉變為更有效率、更個人化且更具互動性的系統。」
此句明確引介 smart healthcare 的基本概念。全文後續再補充其應用、限制及未來發展,與選項 (B) 完整對應。
文章中的關鍵單字與片語
- integrate:整合
- advanced technologies:先進科技
- the Internet of Things (IoT):物聯網
- big data:大數據
- cloud computing:雲端運算
- artificial intelligence (AI):人工智慧
- transform A into B:將 A 轉變為 B
- conventional medicine:傳統醫療
- personalized:個人化的
- interactive:互動的
- digital tools:數位工具
- wearable devices:穿戴式裝置
- clinical decision-support systems:臨床決策支援系統
- diagnostic accuracy:診斷準確度
- treatment planning:治療規劃
- chronic disease management:慢性病管理
- continuous health monitoring:持續性健康監測
- real-time interventions:即時介入
- self-management:自我管理
- standardized technology frameworks:標準化技術架構
- data-sharing limitations:資料共享限制
- privacy concerns:隱私疑慮
- technical immaturity:技術尚未成熟
- device compatibility:裝置相容性
- robust regulation:完善而有力的法規
- hold promise for:對……具有發展潛力
- streamline:使流程更有效率、簡化
- legislative bodies:立法機構
- equitable implementation:公平的實施
文法與語意重點
1. 動詞不定詞表示目的
文中:
“To overcome these obstacles, unified technical standards have been proposed...”
第 42 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Smart healthcare integrates advanced technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and mobile devices to transform conventional medicine into a more efficient, personalized, and interactive system. Originating from IBM's “Smart Planet” concept, smart healthcare employs digital tools, wearable devices, and clinical decision-support systems to connect healthcare providers, patients, and medical institutions dynamically.
AI-powered tools, including surgical robots and virtual assistants like IBM Watson, have demonstrated enhanced diagnostic accuracy and personalized treatment planning in various medical fields, notably oncology and chronic disease management. Moreover, smart wearable devices facilitate continuous health monitoring, enabling real-time interventions and improving self-management among patients. Smart home technologies further extend healthcare beyond traditional settings, especially benefiting elderly and disabled populations by automating home care and health monitoring.
Despite significant advancements, challenges persist, such as lack of standardized technology frameworks, data-sharing limitations, privacy concerns, and technical immaturity of specific systems. To overcome these obstacles, unified technical standards have been proposed, big-data analytic capacities have been enhanced, device compatibility improved, and patient privacy has been safeguarded through robust regulation and blockchain technology.
The future of smart healthcare holds promise for personalized medicine, improved patient experiences, reduced healthcare costs, efficient hospital management, and streamlined drug research and clinical trials. However, realizing these potentials requires continued technological innovation and cooperation among patients, healthcare professionals, technology developers, and policymakers. Therefore, sustained collaborative efforts across technology sectors, healthcare providers, and legislative bodies will be crucial for achieving worldwide secure, effective, and equitable implementation of smart healthcare solutions.
According to the article, IBM Watson is primarily used for ____.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與「語意判斷」。解題重點是確認文章如何描述 IBM Watson 的功能,再將其與選項逐一比對。
文章提到兩個相關概念:
- surgical robots:手術機器人,用於協助手術。
- virtual assistants like IBM Watson:如 IBM Watson 這類虛擬助理,主要協助醫療人員進行診斷與治療規劃。
- clinical decision-support systems:臨床決策支援系統,協助醫療人員分析資訊、判斷病情並規劃治療。
因此,IBM Watson 的主要用途是支援臨床決策,而非直接執行手術或管理醫院行政。
解題方法
先尋找題目關鍵字 IBM Watson,再定位文章中直接提到它的句子:
“AI-powered tools, including surgical robots and virtual assistants like IBM Watson, have demonstrated enhanced diagnostic accuracy and personalized treatment planning in various medical fields, notably oncology and chronic disease management.”
翻譯:
「包括手術機器人與 IBM Watson 等虛擬助理在內的人工智慧工具,已在各種醫療領域,尤其是腫瘤學與慢性病管理方面,展現提升診斷準確度及個人化治療規劃的能力。」
句中明確指出 IBM Watson 屬於 AI-powered tools,功能與 enhanced diagnostic accuracy(提升診斷準確度)及 personalized treatment planning(個人化治療規劃)有關。這些工作都屬於臨床決策支援的範圍,因此選擇 clinical decision support。
題幹中的 primarily used for 表示「主要用於……」,必須選擇最能概括 IBM Watson 醫療用途的選項。
選項分析
(A) performing surgeries
錯誤。perform surgery 意為「執行手術」。文章確實提到 surgical robots,但這是與 IBM Watson 並列的另一類 AI 工具:
“including surgical robots and virtual assistants like IBM Watson”
此處的 and 表示兩個不同例子,不能將 surgical robots 的功能直接套用到 IBM Watson。手術機器人與 IBM Watson 都屬於人工智慧工具,但 IBM Watson 並非以執行手術為主要用途。
(B) hospital administration
第 43 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Smart healthcare integrates advanced technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and mobile devices to transform conventional medicine into a more efficient, personalized, and interactive system. Originating from IBM's “Smart Planet” concept, smart healthcare employs digital tools, wearable devices, and clinical decision-support systems to connect healthcare providers, patients, and medical institutions dynamically.
AI-powered tools, including surgical robots and virtual assistants like IBM Watson, have demonstrated enhanced diagnostic accuracy and personalized treatment planning in various medical fields, notably oncology and chronic disease management. Moreover, smart wearable devices facilitate continuous health monitoring, enabling real-time interventions and improving self-management among patients. Smart home technologies further extend healthcare beyond traditional settings, especially benefiting elderly and disabled populations by automating home care and health monitoring.
Despite significant advancements, challenges persist, such as lack of standardized technology frameworks, data-sharing limitations, privacy concerns, and technical immaturity of specific systems. To overcome these obstacles, unified technical standards have been proposed, big-data analytic capacities have been enhanced, device compatibility improved, and patient privacy has been safeguarded through robust regulation and blockchain technology.
The future of smart healthcare holds promise for personalized medicine, improved patient experiences, reduced healthcare costs, efficient hospital management, and streamlined drug research and clinical trials. However, realizing these potentials requires continued technological innovation and cooperation among patients, healthcare professionals, technology developers, and policymakers. Therefore, sustained collaborative efforts across technology sectors, healthcare providers, and legislative bodies will be crucial for achieving worldwide secure, effective, and equitable implementation of smart healthcare solutions.
The phrase “robust regulation” is closest in meaning to ____.
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核心觀念
本題考查英文片語的語意判斷,重點在於:
- robust:強健的、強有力的、嚴密的
- regulation:規範、法規、管制
- robust regulation:嚴格而有效的規範/強有力的管制
因此,robust regulation 最接近 strong guidelines,即「強而有力的指導規範」。
定位答案的原文
題幹指出:
“patient privacy has been safeguarded through robust regulation and blockchain technology.”
翻譯為:
「病患隱私受到嚴格法規與區塊鏈技術的保障。」
句中提到保障病患隱私,需要靠有約束力且有效的規範,因此 robust 不可能表示「薄弱」,而是表示「強有力、嚴密」。
解題方法
先分別判斷片語中的兩個核心字:
- robust 原意為「強壯的、強健的」,引申為制度、政策或措施「強而有力、嚴密有效」。
- regulation 指「規定、法規、管制」,通常與政府規範、產業標準或法律要求有關。
合併後,robust regulation 就是「嚴格的規範」或「強有力的管制」。四個選項中,只有 strong guidelines 同時保留「強而有力」與「規範」的語意,因此選 B。
選項分析
(A) weak control
意思是「薄弱的控制」。
- weak 是「弱的」,與 robust 的「強健、強有力」相反。
- control 雖可解作「控制」,但無法彌補 weak 與原文語意相反的問題。
- 題幹談的是保障病患隱私,薄弱的管制無法達成此目的。
因此錯誤。
(B) strong guidelines
意思是「強有力的指導規範」。
- strong 符合 robust 的語意。
- guidelines 表示「指導方針、規範」,與 regulation 的「規範、管制」接近。
- 放回原句可理解為:「透過強有力的規範與區塊鏈技術,保障病患隱私。」
因此正確。
(C) increased technology investment
意思是「增加科技投資」。
第 44 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Smart healthcare integrates advanced technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and mobile devices to transform conventional medicine into a more efficient, personalized, and interactive system. Originating from IBM's “Smart Planet” concept, smart healthcare employs digital tools, wearable devices, and clinical decision-support systems to connect healthcare providers, patients, and medical institutions dynamically.
AI-powered tools, including surgical robots and virtual assistants like IBM Watson, have demonstrated enhanced diagnostic accuracy and personalized treatment planning in various medical fields, notably oncology and chronic disease management. Moreover, smart wearable devices facilitate continuous health monitoring, enabling real-time interventions and improving self-management among patients. Smart home technologies further extend healthcare beyond traditional settings, especially benefiting elderly and disabled populations by automating home care and health monitoring.
Despite significant advancements, challenges persist, such as lack of standardized technology frameworks, data-sharing limitations, privacy concerns, and technical immaturity of specific systems. To overcome these obstacles, unified technical standards have been proposed, big-data analytic capacities have been enhanced, device compatibility improved, and patient privacy has been safeguarded through robust regulation and blockchain technology.
The future of smart healthcare holds promise for personalized medicine, improved patient experiences, reduced healthcare costs, efficient hospital management, and streamlined drug research and clinical trials. However, realizing these potentials requires continued technological innovation and cooperation among patients, healthcare professionals, technology developers, and policymakers. Therefore, sustained collaborative efforts across technology sectors, healthcare providers, and legislative bodies will be crucial for achieving worldwide secure, effective, and equitable implementation of smart healthcare solutions.
The article implies that smart wearable devices primarily help patients by ____.
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核心觀念
本題是英文閱讀理解題,考查「根據文章明示資訊判斷主旨細節」以及同義改寫能力。題目詢問 smart wearable devices(智慧穿戴裝置)對病患的主要幫助,答案必須回到文章中直接尋找相關敘述。
關鍵語意是:
- smart wearable devices:智慧穿戴裝置
- facilitate:促進、使……更容易
- continuous health monitoring:持續性的健康監測
- real-time interventions:即時介入
- self-management:自我管理
- primarily help patients by ...:主要透過……來幫助病患
解題方法
題幹問的是智慧穿戴裝置的主要功能,因此應定位文章中直接提及 wearable devices 的句子,而非根據其他段落推測。
原文關鍵句為:
“Moreover, smart wearable devices facilitate continuous health monitoring, enabling real-time interventions and improving self-management among patients.”
翻譯:
此外,智慧穿戴裝置促進持續性的健康監測,使即時介入成為可能,並改善病患的自我管理。
句中明確指出,智慧穿戴裝置的核心作用是 facilitate continuous health monitoring,也就是「促成持續性的健康監測」。因此與原文意思完全一致的選項為 enabling continuous health monitoring。
文法與語意重點
題目中的:
patients by ____
使用「by + V-ing」表示「透過做某事」。因此空格應填入一項說明智慧穿戴裝置如何幫助病患的功能。
文章使用:
facilitate continuous health monitoring
選項則改寫為:
enabling continuous health monitoring
兩者皆表達「使持續健康監測成為可能」的意思,屬於同義轉換。
第 45 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Smart healthcare integrates advanced technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and mobile devices to transform conventional medicine into a more efficient, personalized, and interactive system. Originating from IBM's “Smart Planet” concept, smart healthcare employs digital tools, wearable devices, and clinical decision-support systems to connect healthcare providers, patients, and medical institutions dynamically.
AI-powered tools, including surgical robots and virtual assistants like IBM Watson, have demonstrated enhanced diagnostic accuracy and personalized treatment planning in various medical fields, notably oncology and chronic disease management. Moreover, smart wearable devices facilitate continuous health monitoring, enabling real-time interventions and improving self-management among patients. Smart home technologies further extend healthcare beyond traditional settings, especially benefiting elderly and disabled populations by automating home care and health monitoring.
Despite significant advancements, challenges persist, such as lack of standardized technology frameworks, data-sharing limitations, privacy concerns, and technical immaturity of specific systems. To overcome these obstacles, unified technical standards have been proposed, big-data analytic capacities have been enhanced, device compatibility improved, and patient privacy has been safeguarded through robust regulation and blockchain technology.
The future of smart healthcare holds promise for personalized medicine, improved patient experiences, reduced healthcare costs, efficient hospital management, and streamlined drug research and clinical trials. However, realizing these potentials requires continued technological innovation and cooperation among patients, healthcare professionals, technology developers, and policymakers. Therefore, sustained collaborative efforts across technology sectors, healthcare providers, and legislative bodies will be crucial for achieving worldwide secure, effective, and equitable implementation of smart healthcare solutions.
Which inference about smart healthcare can be drawn from the article?
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核心觀念
本題是英文閱讀測驗中的「推論題」(inference question),要求考生根據文章整體內容,判斷哪一項能由文中資訊合理推出。
文章主旨是:智慧醫療結合 AI、物聯網、雲端運算、穿戴式裝置等科技,能提升醫療效率與個人化程度;但要真正普及,仍須克服技術、資料共享、隱私及標準化等問題,並仰賴不同領域的合作。
題目關鍵在於文章最後指出,智慧醫療的實現不只靠科技本身,還需要醫療人員、病患、科技開發者及政策制定者共同合作。
解題方法
解答推論題時,應先掌握文章的結論,再逐一比對選項是否符合文章內容。
定位答案的關鍵原文是:
“However, realizing these potentials requires continued technological innovation and cooperation among patients, healthcare professionals, technology developers, and policymakers.”
翻譯:
然而,要實現這些潛力,需要持續的科技創新,以及病患、醫療專業人員、科技開發者和政策制定者之間的合作。
文章接著強調:
“Therefore, sustained collaborative efforts across technology sectors, healthcare providers, and legislative bodies will be crucial for achieving worldwide secure, effective, and equitable implementation of smart healthcare solutions.”
翻譯:
因此,科技部門、醫療服務提供者與立法機構之間持續的合作努力,對於在全球安全、有效且公平地實施智慧醫療解決方案至關重要。
由上述內容可直接推論:智慧醫療能否成功,關鍵取決於不同部門之間的合作。
關鍵單字與片語
- smart healthcare:智慧醫療
- integrate A with B:將 A 與 B 結合
- advanced technologies:先進科技
- transform A into B:將 A 轉變成 B
- personalized:個人化的
- interactive:互動式的
- diagnostic accuracy:診斷準確度
- treatment planning:治療規劃
- continuous health monitoring:持續性健康監測
- real-time intervention:即時介入
- self-management:自我管理
- technical immaturity:技術尚未成熟
- data-sharing limitations:資料共享的限制
- privacy concerns:隱私疑慮
- device compatibility:裝置相容性
- robust regulation:健全且嚴格的法規
- hold promise for:對……具有希望/發展潛力
- streamline:使……更有效率、簡化
- sustained collaborative efforts:持續性的合作努力
- cross-sector collaboration:跨部門合作
- equitable implementation:公平的實施
文法與語意重點
- requires A and B
原文:
“realizing these potentials requires continued technological innovation and cooperation...”
句型為:
主詞 realizing these potentials 是動名詞片語,意思是「實現這些潛力」。句意為「實現這些潛力需要持續的科技創新與合作」。
- cooperation among A, B, C, and D
第 46 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The Ministry of Labor (MOL) will implement measures before July to meet the increased demand for migrant caregivers following new legislation promulgated in January, Minister of Labor Hung Sun-han told legislators today.
It is estimated that the amendments will render an additional 530,000 Taiwanese eligible to hire migrant caregivers, Hung said, adding that 100,000 are expected to apply for care under the new law.
At the end of last year, the Legislative Yuan passed an amendment to the Employment Service Act, allowing people aged 80 and older to bypass Barthel Index-based health evaluations. The Barthel Index is a widely used tool in Taiwan to assess a person’s ability to perform daily activities in clinical practice and research.
The revision to Article 46 of the act also extended the waiver to people aged 70 to 79 with Stage II or more advanced cancer, while regulations for recipients with indigenous status will be jointly established by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) and the Council of Indigenous Peoples.
The president promulgated the amendment on Jan. 28. However, MOL has yet to release measures to meet the increased demand for caregivers, drawing criticism from lawmakers who accuse it of “obstructing” the new bill and being “idle.”
Hung explained the administrative delay, stating that on Jan. 17, MOL and MOHW held discussions to ensure that adequate care remains accessible for the families most in need.
Families with critically ill members report that migrant caregivers prefer to take “easier jobs” over “harder jobs.” As a result, the MOL is working to establish a dual-track application system to ensure that those most in need retain priority access to caregivers, he said.
Furthermore, once the dual-track system is in place, nursing homes and care facilities for the elderly will experience increased labor demands. To address this, MOL must secure funding, hire additional workers, and provide training, all of which will take several months, he added.
The ministry must also negotiate with four source countries on how to increase migration, implement new overseas training programs, and adjust associated regulations, he noted.
The MOL hopes to complete these tasks within six months, he said.
The ministry is not stalling, but if these adjustments are not implemented correctly, they could have devastating effects on the hiring market, he added.
What is the primary reason for the Ministry of Labor's new measures?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題為英文閱讀理解,考查:
- 主旨與細節定位
primary reason(主要原因)的語意判讀- 因果關係與同義轉換
題目問:「勞動部新措施的主要原因是什麼?」解題關鍵在於找出文章直接說明措施目的的句子,而非被後文的行政細節或批評內容干擾。
解題方法
文章首段即明確指出勞動部將採取措施的目的:
“The Ministry of Labor (MOL) will implement measures before July to meet the increased demand for migrant caregivers following new legislation promulgated in January.”
翻譯:
勞動部將在七月前實施相關措施,以因應一月公布新法後對移工照護者增加的需求。
其中:
implement measures:實施措施meet the demand for...:滿足/因應……的需求increased demand:增加的需求migrant caregivers:移工照護者、外籍照護員following new legislation:在新法公布之後、因應新法
因此,題目中的 primary reason 對應文章中的 to meet the increased demand for migrant caregivers,答案為增加照護人力,以滿足移工照護者的需求。
選項分析
(A) To increase wages for migrant caregivers
提高移工照護者的薪資。
錯誤。文章提到的是增加照護人力、建立雙軌申請制度、與來源國協商增加移民、辦理海外訓練等,並未表示新措施的主要目的在於調高薪資。
(B) To meet the increased demand for migrant caregivers
滿足增加的移工照護者需求。
正確。此選項幾乎直接重現首段的關鍵內容:
“to meet the increased demand for migrant caregivers”
這是文章明確交代勞動部實施措施的目的,且與新法使更多台灣人符合聘用移工照護者資格相互呼應。
(C) To restrict the hiring of foreign caregivers
限制聘用外籍照護者。
錯誤。文章方向是因應需求、增加供給與改善分配,不是限制聘用。文中還提到勞動部將與四個來源國協商如何增加移民,increase migration 更直接顯示政策方向是擴充人力來源。
(D) To promote domestic caregiving services
促進國內照護服務。
第 47 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The Ministry of Labor (MOL) will implement measures before July to meet the increased demand for migrant caregivers following new legislation promulgated in January, Minister of Labor Hung Sun-han told legislators today.
It is estimated that the amendments will render an additional 530,000 Taiwanese eligible to hire migrant caregivers, Hung said, adding that 100,000 are expected to apply for care under the new law.
At the end of last year, the Legislative Yuan passed an amendment to the Employment Service Act, allowing people aged 80 and older to bypass Barthel Index-based health evaluations. The Barthel Index is a widely used tool in Taiwan to assess a person’s ability to perform daily activities in clinical practice and research.
The revision to Article 46 of the act also extended the waiver to people aged 70 to 79 with Stage II or more advanced cancer, while regulations for recipients with indigenous status will be jointly established by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) and the Council of Indigenous Peoples.
The president promulgated the amendment on Jan. 28. However, MOL has yet to release measures to meet the increased demand for caregivers, drawing criticism from lawmakers who accuse it of “obstructing” the new bill and being “idle.”
Hung explained the administrative delay, stating that on Jan. 17, MOL and MOHW held discussions to ensure that adequate care remains accessible for the families most in need.
Families with critically ill members report that migrant caregivers prefer to take “easier jobs” over “harder jobs.” As a result, the MOL is working to establish a dual-track application system to ensure that those most in need retain priority access to caregivers, he said.
Furthermore, once the dual-track system is in place, nursing homes and care facilities for the elderly will experience increased labor demands. To address this, MOL must secure funding, hire additional workers, and provide training, all of which will take several months, he added.
The ministry must also negotiate with four source countries on how to increase migration, implement new overseas training programs, and adjust associated regulations, he noted.
The MOL hopes to complete these tasks within six months, he said.
The ministry is not stalling, but if these adjustments are not implemented correctly, they could have devastating effects on the hiring market, he added.
What is the Barthel Index used for?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解,重點是辨認文章中對 Barthel Index 功能的直接定義。
文中指出:
“The Barthel Index is a widely used tool in Taiwan to assess a person’s ability to perform daily activities in clinical practice and research.”
意思是:「Barthel Index 是台灣廣泛使用的一項工具,用於在臨床實務與研究中評估個人執行日常活動的能力。」
因此,Barthel Index 是用來評估個人能否自行完成日常生活活動,例如進食、穿衣、如廁、移動等,而不是評估國家經濟、補助資格或照護者品質。
解題方法
題目問:
What is the Barthel Index used for?
意思是:「Barthel Index 用來做什麼?」
解題時應直接回到文章中尋找 Barthel Index 首次出現後的定義。定位句中的關鍵片語是:
- a widely used tool:廣泛使用的工具
- assess:評估
- a person’s ability:某個人的能力
- perform daily activities:執行日常活動
其中 assess a person’s ability to perform daily activities 與選項 Assessing an individual’s ability to perform daily activities 意義完全相同,因此選 B。
關鍵單字與片語
- implement measures:實施措施
- increased demand:增加的需求
- migrant caregivers:移工照顧者、外籍看護
- legislation:立法、法律
- promulgate:公布法律
- eligible to hire:符合雇用資格
- amendment:修正案
- Employment Service Act:《就業服務法》
- bypass:免除、繞過
- health evaluation:健康評估
- assess:評估
- perform daily activities:執行日常活動
- waiver:豁免、免除
- critically ill:重病的、病情危重的
- dual-track application system:雙軌申請制度
- retain priority access:保有優先取得權
- secure funding:取得資金
- source countries:移工來源國
- stall:拖延、故意延宕
- devastating effects:嚴重破壞性的影響
文法與語意重點
定位句使用:
第 48 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The Ministry of Labor (MOL) will implement measures before July to meet the increased demand for migrant caregivers following new legislation promulgated in January, Minister of Labor Hung Sun-han told legislators today.
It is estimated that the amendments will render an additional 530,000 Taiwanese eligible to hire migrant caregivers, Hung said, adding that 100,000 are expected to apply for care under the new law.
At the end of last year, the Legislative Yuan passed an amendment to the Employment Service Act, allowing people aged 80 and older to bypass Barthel Index-based health evaluations. The Barthel Index is a widely used tool in Taiwan to assess a person’s ability to perform daily activities in clinical practice and research.
The revision to Article 46 of the act also extended the waiver to people aged 70 to 79 with Stage II or more advanced cancer, while regulations for recipients with indigenous status will be jointly established by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) and the Council of Indigenous Peoples.
The president promulgated the amendment on Jan. 28. However, MOL has yet to release measures to meet the increased demand for caregivers, drawing criticism from lawmakers who accuse it of “obstructing” the new bill and being “idle.”
Hung explained the administrative delay, stating that on Jan. 17, MOL and MOHW held discussions to ensure that adequate care remains accessible for the families most in need.
Families with critically ill members report that migrant caregivers prefer to take “easier jobs” over “harder jobs.” As a result, the MOL is working to establish a dual-track application system to ensure that those most in need retain priority access to caregivers, he said.
Furthermore, once the dual-track system is in place, nursing homes and care facilities for the elderly will experience increased labor demands. To address this, MOL must secure funding, hire additional workers, and provide training, all of which will take several months, he added.
The ministry must also negotiate with four source countries on how to increase migration, implement new overseas training programs, and adjust associated regulations, he noted.
The MOL hopes to complete these tasks within six months, he said.
The ministry is not stalling, but if these adjustments are not implemented correctly, they could have devastating effects on the hiring market, he added.
According to the article, which group is now allowed to bypass Barthel Index-based health evaluations?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解,重點是:
- 根據文章找出明確的事實。
- 辨識數字與條件限制,避免把「80 歲以上」誤讀成「70 歲以上」。
- 判斷選項是否過度擴大原文範圍。
關鍵片語:
- bypass:跳過;免除
- health evaluations:健康評估
- migrant caregivers:移工看護
- amendment:修正案
- Employment Service Act:《就業服務法》
- be eligible to hire:符合資格聘用
- Stage II or more advanced cancer:第二期或更晚期癌症
- indigenous status:原住民族身分
- regulations:相關規定
- promulgate:公布、頒布
- waiver:豁免
- critically ill:病情危急的;重病的
解題方法
先定位文章中直接提到 Barthel Index 的句子:
At the end of last year, the Legislative Yuan passed an amendment to the Employment Service Act, allowing people aged 80 and older to bypass Barthel Index-based health evaluations.
翻譯:
去年底,立法院通過《就業服務法》修正案,允許 80 歲以上的人免接受以 Barthel Index 為依據的健康評估。
句中核心結構是:
- allow + 人 + to V:允許某人做某事
- people aged 80 and older:80 歲及以上的人
- bypass health evaluations:免除健康評估
因此,符合題目所問、且與原文完全一致的答案是 People aged 80 and older。
文章後文又補充:
The revision to Article 46 of the act also extended the waiver to people aged 70 to 79 with Stage II or more advanced cancer.
翻譯:
該法第 46 條的修正也將這項豁免延伸至 70 至 79 歲且罹患第二期或更晚期癌症的人。
這是另一個具有限定條件的族群,不能簡化成所有 70 歲以上者,也不能簡化成所有癌症患者。
選項分析
(A) People aged 70 and older
第 49 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The Ministry of Labor (MOL) will implement measures before July to meet the increased demand for migrant caregivers following new legislation promulgated in January, Minister of Labor Hung Sun-han told legislators today.
It is estimated that the amendments will render an additional 530,000 Taiwanese eligible to hire migrant caregivers, Hung said, adding that 100,000 are expected to apply for care under the new law.
At the end of last year, the Legislative Yuan passed an amendment to the Employment Service Act, allowing people aged 80 and older to bypass Barthel Index-based health evaluations. The Barthel Index is a widely used tool in Taiwan to assess a person’s ability to perform daily activities in clinical practice and research.
The revision to Article 46 of the act also extended the waiver to people aged 70 to 79 with Stage II or more advanced cancer, while regulations for recipients with indigenous status will be jointly established by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) and the Council of Indigenous Peoples.
The president promulgated the amendment on Jan. 28. However, MOL has yet to release measures to meet the increased demand for caregivers, drawing criticism from lawmakers who accuse it of “obstructing” the new bill and being “idle.”
Hung explained the administrative delay, stating that on Jan. 17, MOL and MOHW held discussions to ensure that adequate care remains accessible for the families most in need.
Families with critically ill members report that migrant caregivers prefer to take “easier jobs” over “harder jobs.” As a result, the MOL is working to establish a dual-track application system to ensure that those most in need retain priority access to caregivers, he said.
Furthermore, once the dual-track system is in place, nursing homes and care facilities for the elderly will experience increased labor demands. To address this, MOL must secure funding, hire additional workers, and provide training, all of which will take several months, he added.
The ministry must also negotiate with four source countries on how to increase migration, implement new overseas training programs, and adjust associated regulations, he noted.
The MOL hopes to complete these tasks within six months, he said.
The ministry is not stalling, but if these adjustments are not implemented correctly, they could have devastating effects on the hiring market, he added.
Why has the Ministry of Labor faced criticism from lawmakers?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「原因判斷」與文章細節定位。解題關鍵是找出題目所問的:
Why has the Ministry of Labor faced criticism from lawmakers?
為什麼勞動部受到立法委員批評?
文章明確指出,立法委員批評勞動部尚未及時提出因應措施,並指責其「阻撓」新法及「怠惰」。因此,正確答案是「延遲實施必要措施」。
關鍵單字與片語
- ministry:部會
- Ministry of Labor, MOL:勞動部
- implement measures:實施措施
- increased demand:增加的需求
- migrant caregivers:移工照顧服務員、外籍看護
- legislation:立法、法律
- promulgate:公布、頒布法律
- eligible to:符合資格做某事
- amendment:修正案、修正條文
- bypass:跳過、不必經過
- health evaluation:健康評估
- waiver:豁免
- advanced cancer:晚期癌症
- jointly establish:共同制定
- release measures:公布措施
- draw criticism from:招致某人的批評
- accuse A of B:指責 A 做 B
- obstruct:阻撓、妨礙
- idle:怠惰的、沒有積極作為的
- administrative delay:行政上的延遲
- critically ill:病情危急的、重病的
- dual-track application system:雙軌申請制度
- retain priority access to:保有優先取得……的權利
- secure funding:取得資金
- source countries:移工來源國
- stall:拖延、故意延宕
- devastating effects:毀滅性的影響
解題方法
閱讀題詢問「為什麼受到批評」,應優先尋找文章中表示批評、責備或原因的句子。本文第五段直接提供答案:
However, MOL has yet to release measures to meet the increased demand for caregivers, drawing criticism from lawmakers who accuse it of “obstructing” the new bill and being “idle.”
翻譯:
然而,勞動部至今仍未公布因應看護需求增加的措施,因此招致立法委員批評;立法委員指責勞動部「阻撓」新法,並且「怠惰」。
句中的 has yet to release measures 表示「至今尚未公布措施」,正是受到批評的直接原因。
文法上,has yet to + 原形動詞 表示「到目前為止尚未……」,例如:
- The government has yet to announce the policy.
政府至今尚未宣布該政策。
第 50 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The Ministry of Labor (MOL) will implement measures before July to meet the increased demand for migrant caregivers following new legislation promulgated in January, Minister of Labor Hung Sun-han told legislators today.
It is estimated that the amendments will render an additional 530,000 Taiwanese eligible to hire migrant caregivers, Hung said, adding that 100,000 are expected to apply for care under the new law.
At the end of last year, the Legislative Yuan passed an amendment to the Employment Service Act, allowing people aged 80 and older to bypass Barthel Index-based health evaluations. The Barthel Index is a widely used tool in Taiwan to assess a person’s ability to perform daily activities in clinical practice and research.
The revision to Article 46 of the act also extended the waiver to people aged 70 to 79 with Stage II or more advanced cancer, while regulations for recipients with indigenous status will be jointly established by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) and the Council of Indigenous Peoples.
The president promulgated the amendment on Jan. 28. However, MOL has yet to release measures to meet the increased demand for caregivers, drawing criticism from lawmakers who accuse it of “obstructing” the new bill and being “idle.”
Hung explained the administrative delay, stating that on Jan. 17, MOL and MOHW held discussions to ensure that adequate care remains accessible for the families most in need.
Families with critically ill members report that migrant caregivers prefer to take “easier jobs” over “harder jobs.” As a result, the MOL is working to establish a dual-track application system to ensure that those most in need retain priority access to caregivers, he said.
Furthermore, once the dual-track system is in place, nursing homes and care facilities for the elderly will experience increased labor demands. To address this, MOL must secure funding, hire additional workers, and provide training, all of which will take several months, he added.
The ministry must also negotiate with four source countries on how to increase migration, implement new overseas training programs, and adjust associated regulations, he noted.
The MOL hopes to complete these tasks within six months, he said.
The ministry is not stalling, but if these adjustments are not implemented correctly, they could have devastating effects on the hiring market, he added.
What is one of the main challenges in hiring migrant caregivers according to the article?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題為閱讀理解題,考查:
- 能否掌握文章主旨與細節。
- 能否由題目問句中的關鍵字 main challenges in hiring migrant caregivers,回文章尋找直接相關資訊。
- 能否區分文章明確提及的問題,以及選項中未被文章支持的推論。
題目詢問:「根據文章,聘僱移工照護人員的主要挑戰之一是什麼?」解題時應優先尋找文章中直接描述「照護人員聘僱困難」的句子。
解題方法
文章第七段明確指出:
Families with critically ill members report that migrant caregivers prefer to take “easier jobs” over “harder jobs.”
翻譯:
家中有重症成員的家庭表示,移工照護人員偏好選擇「較容易的工作」,而不是「較困難的工作」。
這句直接說明聘僱移工照護人員時的困難:照護人員傾向接受工作負擔較輕的職缺,使重症家庭較難找到願意承擔高強度照護工作的照護人員。
因此,正確答案為 (B) Caregivers preferring easier jobs over harder ones。
選項分析
(A) A shortage of available job positions
缺乏可提供的工作職缺。
錯誤。文章討論的是移工照護人員的需求增加,以及照護人員偏好工作難度較低的職位,並非工作職缺不足。相反地,文章提到醫療院所、護理之家與老人照護機構將面臨更高的勞動力需求。
(B) Caregivers preferring easier jobs over harder ones
照護人員偏好較容易的工作,而非較困難的工作。
正確。此選項幾乎是直接改寫文章中的 prefer to take “easier jobs” over “harder jobs”。由於照護人員不願優先承擔重症患者的高強度照護工作,造成最需要照護的家庭取得人力的困難。
(C) The lack of funding for healthcare in private sectors
私人部門缺乏醫療照護經費。
錯誤。文章提到 Ministry of Labor 必須取得經費,但這是建立雙軌申請制度、聘用額外人員及提供訓練所需的行政工作之一,並未說明「私人部門缺乏醫療照護經費」是聘僱移工照護人員的主要挑戰。
(D) A decrease in the number of migrant workers entering Taiwan
進入臺灣的移工人數減少。
錯誤。文章指出政府必須與四個移工來源國協商如何增加移民人數,顯示政府關注的是提高移工供給,並未表示目前已有移工入臺人數下降的問題。此選項屬於文章未提及的資訊。
關鍵單字與片語
- implement measures:實施措施
- meet the increased demand for:滿足對……增加的需求
- migrant caregiver:移工照護人員