義守大學 108 年 《英文》

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第 1 題2 分

I. Vocabulary and Usage: Please choose the BEST answer to complete each sentence.

After working two weeks without a break, Tim’s energy level was so __________ that when he did finally get a day off, all he could do was sleep.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗後中醫常考的高階單字語意辨析及因果關係語境邏輯(so... that... 結構)。
解題關鍵在於掌握修飾主詞「精力水準(energy level)」的適當動詞/形容詞搭配,並能結合句中前因(連續兩週未休假)與後果(放假時除了睡覺什麼都不能做)的上下文線索進行語意配對。


解題方法

  1. 定位關鍵句型與線索:
  • 題幹前段:「After working two weeks without a break...」(連續工作兩週沒有休息),構成身體極度疲勞的起因。
  • 題幹核心架構:「...energy level was so __________ that ... all he could do was sleep.」(其精力水準是如此地……以致於他放假時唯一能做的就是睡覺)。
  • 「all he could do was sleep」為典型的「結果」,說明其體能與精力已經「消耗殆盡、枯竭」。
  1. 語意搭配檢驗:
  • 空格處需填入一個能形容「energy level 處於極低、被耗盡狀態」的形容詞或分詞。
  • 動詞 deplete(使耗竭、大幅減少)之過去分詞轉化形容詞 depleted,恰好符合「被耗盡的」之語意,與主詞 energy level 構成最佳搭配。

選項分析

  • (A) depleted(正確)
  • 詞性與字義:形容詞(或過去分詞轉形容詞),意為「耗盡的、大幅減少的、枯竭的」。
  • 原因:動詞 deplete 常見搭配為 deplete resources / funds / energy。在此處以被動分詞形容 energy level,完美呼應後文「累到只能睡覺(all he could do was sleep)」的語境。
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第 2 題2 分

The south of the city has long been its most __________ area with incomes well below average.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「字彙語意理解」與「語境線索推理」能力。學士後中醫的字彙題常考查高級形容詞之語意對比、同義或反義關係。解答本題需掌握句末的伴隨修飾語所釋放出的「語境邏輯線索」,從而鎖定最符合文意的形容詞。


解題方法

  1. 定位關鍵語境線索:
  • 題幹後半句以介系詞片語作伴隨狀態修飾:with incomes well below average(其居民所得遠低於平均值)。
  • 「所得遠低於平均」在語意上直接指向「貧困、窮苦」的經濟狀況。
  1. 語意邏輯推導:
  • 句型結構為:The south of the city has long been its most [ ______ ] area(該市南部長期以來是其最……的地區)。
  • 空格需填入一個能與「低所得」產生合理因果/同義邏輯的修飾語,故只有表示「赤貧的、貧窮的」之形容詞符合上下文脈絡。

題幹原文與翻譯:

"The south of the city has long been its most impoverished area with incomes well below average."
(該市的南部長期以來是其最貧困的區域,居民所得遠低於平均水準。)


選項分析

  • (A) prosperous:【錯誤】
  • 詞性與詞義:形容詞,意為「繁榮的、興旺的、富裕的」。
  • 錯誤原因:與後方「所得遠低於平均」(incomes well below average)在語意上構成直接矛盾。
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第 3 題2 分

More than two hundred years ago the United States ______ from the British Empire and became an independent country.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「動詞片語的語意與搭配」,重點是判斷哪個片語能表達「脫離某個政治實體、取得獨立」的意思。

題幹中的關鍵結構是:

More than two hundred years ago the United States ______ from the British Empire and became an independent country.
二百多年前,美國從大英帝國脫離,成為一個獨立國家。

其中,空格後接介系詞 from,且後半句 became an independent country 明確提示「脫離、獨立」的語意。

解題方法

先觀察句意:

  • 主詞:the United States
  • 時間:More than two hundred years ago,表示過去
  • 空格後:from the British Empire
  • 結果:became an independent country,成為獨立國家

因此,空格需要一個「脫離、離開、分裂出去」的過去式動詞片語。最符合的是 broke away from,意思是「脫離、脫離某組織或國家而獨立」。

完整句子為:

More than two hundred years ago the United States broke away from the British Empire and became an independent country.

選項分析

(A) got off

get off 常見意思是:

  1. 下車、下船、下飛機
  • get off the bus:下公車
  1. 逃脫懲罰
  • get off with a warning:只受到警告便免受更重處罰
  1. 離開某個地方,常用於口語

但 got off from the British Empire 不適合表示一個國家脫離帝國並取得獨立。此處需要的是政治、組織上的「脫離」,應使用 break away from。

因此本選項錯誤。

(B) put off

put off 的意思是「延期、延後」,也可表示「使某人失去興趣或反感」。

  • put off the meeting:延後會議
  • The smell put me off my food.:那個氣味使我對食物失去胃口。

「美國延期於大英帝國」或「使大英帝國反感」都不符合句意,且 put off from 也不是本句所需的固定搭配。

因此本選項錯誤。

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第 4 題2 分

It can be a strength rather than a weakness to express your emotions and show that you are ______ to difficulties.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義判斷」與「形容詞搭配」。句意指出:表達情緒、承認自己面對困難時的脆弱,反而可能是一種優點,而不是缺點。

關鍵句為:

It can be a strength rather than a weakness to express your emotions and show that you are ______ to difficulties.

翻譯為:

表達自己的情緒,並展現自己面對困難時是 ______ 的,可能是一種優點,而不是弱點。

其中,show that you are ______ to difficulties 的結構為:

  • show that:展現、顯示……
  • be + 形容詞 + to + 名詞:對……呈現某種狀態

因此,空格必須填入能描述「面對困難時容易受到影響、顯得脆弱」的形容詞。

解題方法

先掌握句子的對比關係:

  • a strength rather than a weakness:是優點而不是缺點
  • express your emotions:表達自己的情緒
  • 題意強調的是:坦承自己的情緒與脆弱,並不代表軟弱,反而可能是一種力量。

vulnerable 的意思是「脆弱的、容易受到傷害的、易受影響的」,常用搭配為:

  • be vulnerable to criticism:容易受到批評的影響
  • be vulnerable to attack:容易受到攻擊
  • be vulnerable to difficulties:面對困難時較脆弱、容易受影響

因此填入 vulnerable 後,句意與前後文完全吻合:

It can be a strength rather than a weakness to express your emotions and show that you are vulnerable to difficulties.

表達自己的情緒,並展現自己面對困難時也會感到脆弱,可能是一種優點而不是缺點。

選項分析

(A) inspired

inspired 是「受到鼓舞的、有靈感的」,常見搭配為:

  • be inspired by someone:受到某人的鼓舞
  • be inspired to do something:受到鼓舞而做某事

inspired to difficulties 並不是自然的搭配,而且「面對困難時受到鼓舞」與表達情緒、展現脆弱的語意不一致,因此錯誤。

(B) vulnerable

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第 5 題2 分

An __________ and sudden pain in the left arm is sometimes the first warning of a heart attack.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「形容詞與名詞的語意搭配」以及醫學情境中的字義判斷。

句型為:

An 形容詞 and sudden pain in the left arm is sometimes the first warning of a heart attack.

空格後的名詞是 pain(疼痛),因此需要填入能描述疼痛「強烈程度」的形容詞。四個選項中,只有 intense 能自然修飾 pain,形成常見搭配 intense pain。

此外,an intense and sudden pain 中的冠詞 an 是依照後面第一個形容詞 intense 的發音決定;intense 以母音音開頭,因此使用 an。

題幹定位與翻譯

An intense and sudden pain in the left arm is sometimes the first warning of a heart attack.

翻譯:

左臂突然出現的劇烈疼痛,有時是心臟病發作的第一個警訊。

其中:

  • intense pain:劇烈疼痛、強烈疼痛
  • sudden:突然的
  • in the left arm:在左臂的
  • the first warning of:……的第一個警訊
  • heart attack:心臟病發作、心肌梗塞

「左臂突然出現劇烈疼痛」符合心臟病發作警訊的醫學語境,因此答案為 intense。

解題方法

先判斷空格的詞性。空格位於名詞 pain 前方,必須填入形容詞。

再將各選項與 pain 逐一搭配:

  • elastic pain:彈性疼痛,不合語意
  • extensive pain:廣泛的疼痛,語意不符合本句對疼痛強度的描述
  • exploratory pain:探索性的疼痛,不合語意
  • intense pain:劇烈疼痛,搭配自然且符合心臟病發作的情境

句中已有 sudden 表示「突然發生」,空格最適合補充疼痛的「強度」,因此選 intense。

選項分析

(A) elastic

elastic 的意思是「有彈性的、具彈力的」,常修飾:

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第 6 題2 分

The law __________ double-parking in this city.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 單字詞義辨識。
  2. 動詞與句意的搭配。
  3. prohibit + V-ing 的用法。

句型為:

The law __________ double-parking in this city.

主詞 The law 為第三人稱單數,因此空格應填現在式第三人稱單數動詞。四個選項在形式上皆符合,關鍵在於語意。

解題方法

先定位題幹中的核心語意:

The law __________ double-parking in this city.
這項法律在這座城市________雙排停車。

double-parking 指「雙排停車」,也就是車輛停在已停車輛的外側,造成交通阻礙。

法律對違規行為通常是「禁止」,因此應選擇表示「禁止」的動詞 prohibits。

完整句子為:

The law prohibits double-parking in this city.
這項法律禁止在這座城市雙排停車。

prohibit 後面可接名詞或動名詞,常見結構如下:

  • prohibit + 名詞
  • prohibit + V-ing
  • prohibit + 人 + from + V-ing

例如:

  • The school prohibits smoking.
    學校禁止吸菸。
  • The law prohibits people from parking here.
    法律禁止人們在此停車。

選項分析

(A) flings

fling 的意思是「用力丟擲、猛擲、猛然拋出」。flings 是第三人稱單數形式。

The law flings double-parking in this city.

此句直譯為「法律把雙排停車用力丟擲」,語意不通。法律可以禁止某種行為,但不能「丟擲」雙排停車,因此錯誤。

(B) prohibits

prohibit 的意思是「禁止、阻止」,prohibits 是第三人稱單數形式。

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第 7 題2 分

They have to __________ their stay for another week in that city.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字彙辨析」與「動詞搭配」。句型為:

They have to __________ their stay for another week in that city.
他們必須把在那座城市的停留時間再延長一週。

其中:

  • have to + 原形動詞:表示「必須……」。
  • stay 作名詞時,意為「停留、逗留」。
  • prolong + 時間、期間、停留:表示「延長……的時間」。

因此,空格需要填入一個能與 their stay 搭配,且符合「再一週」語意的原形動詞。

解題方法

題幹中的關鍵語意是 for another week,表示「再延長一週」。能表達「延長」的選項是 prolong。

填入後:

They have to prolong their stay for another week in that city.
他們必須在那座城市再停留一週。

句意、文法與動詞搭配皆正確。

選項分析

(A) prolong 延長

prolong 是及物動詞,意為「延長、拉長」,常用於時間、期間或某種狀態,例如:

  • prolong the meeting:延長會議
  • prolong the treatment:延長治療
  • prolong one’s stay:延長某人的停留時間

prolong their stay 是自然且正確的搭配,符合 for another week 的語意,故本選項正確。

(B) deport 驅逐出境

deport 是及物動詞,意為「將某人驅逐出境、遣返」。其常見用法為:

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第 8 題2 分

There are __________ differences between theory and practice.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「形容詞的語意辨析」,以及形容詞放在名詞前作修飾語的用法。

題幹為:

There are __________ differences between theory and practice.
理論與實務之間存在著__________差異。

空格後接名詞 differences,需要填入能合理描述「理論與實務之間差異程度或性質」的形容詞。官方答案為 radical,表示「根本的、徹底的、重大的」。

解題方法

先觀察句意核心:

  • theory:理論
  • practice:實務、實踐
  • differences:差異

句子要表達的是:理論與實務之間存在「根本性」或「重大」的差異。因此可組成:

There are radical differences between theory and practice.
理論與實務之間存在著根本性的差異。

radical differences 是自然且常見的搭配,指兩者在本質、基本原則或實際運作上有重大不同。

關鍵單字與片語

  • theory:理論
  • practice:實務;實踐
  • difference:差異、不同
  • between A and B:在 A 與 B 之間
  • radical:根本的、徹底的、重大的
  • resilient:有韌性的;能迅速恢復的
  • laden:裝滿的;充滿……的;負載沉重的
  • medieval:中世紀的

題幹定位答案的關鍵句即為:

There are radical differences between theory and practice.
理論與實務之間存在著根本性的差異。

選項分析

(A) resilient

resilient 表示「有韌性的、具恢復力的」,通常用來描述人、組織、材料或系統在遭受壓力、挫折後能恢復,例如:

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第 9 題2 分

The wages were often _______ according to the number of hours worked.

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題幹與翻譯

The wages were often _______ according to the number of hours worked.
工資通常會根據工作的時數來___。

關鍵片語:

  • wages:工資、薪資,通常指按時薪或工作量計算的報酬。
  • according to:根據、按照。
  • the number of hours worked:工作的時數;其中 worked 為過去分詞,修飾 hours。
  • reckon:計算、估算;在此指「按照某項標準計算」。

完整句意為:

工資通常會根據工作的時數來計算。

因此應選 (D) reckoned。


核心觀念

本題考兩個重點:

  1. 動詞的語意與搭配
  2. 被動語態

句型為:

The wages were often _______ according to...

主詞 The wages 是「被計算」的對象,不是主動執行動作的人,因此使用被動語態:

主詞+were+過去分詞\text{主詞}+\text{were}+\text{過去分詞}

四個選項都是過去分詞形式,但只有 reckoned 符合「依照工作時數計算工資」的語意。

reckon A according to B 可理解為「根據 B 計算 A」。


解題方法

先觀察句子的結構:

  • The wages:主詞
  • were often:過去式被動語態的助動詞與頻率副詞
  • 空格:應填過去分詞
  • according to the number of hours worked:說明計算工資的依據

再從語意判斷:

「工資根據工作的時數」最合理的動作是「計算」。因此填入:

The wages were often reckoned according to the number of hours worked.

翻譯:

工資通常會按照工作的時數計算。


選項分析

(A) paralyzed

paralyze 意為「使癱瘓、使麻痺」,paralyzed 是過去分詞。

若填入句中:

The wages were often paralyzed according to the number of hours worked.

意思變成「工資常常根據工作時數而癱瘓」,語意不通。工資可以被計算、支付或調整,不能在此語境中說被「癱瘓」。

因此錯誤。


(B) entertained

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第 10 題2 分

Craig assured his boss that he would _______ all his energies in doing this new job.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗動詞片語(Phrasal Verbs)的語意搭配與用法。動詞 call 與不同介系詞/副詞構成的片語,在學士後中醫及後西醫英文試題中屬於極高頻的慣用語考點。解題關鍵在於辨識受詞 all his energies(全力、所有精力)與各片語之搭配動詞語意(collocation)。


題幹解析與翻譯

  • 題幹引文:

"Craig assured his boss that he would _______ all his energies in doing this new job."

  • 中文翻譯:

「克雷格(Craig)向他的老闆保證,他會**傾注(竭盡)**全部精力來做好這份新工作。」

  • 句子結構與關鍵字詞:
  • assure someone that...:向某人保證……
  • call forth:喚起、調動、使出(力量、勇氣等內在潛能)
  • all his energies:所有的精力、全力
  • in doing this new job:在做這份新工作上

解題方法

  1. 分析受詞特徵:空格後接的受詞為「all his energies」(所有精力)。在英語慣用語中,表示「使出精力/調動勇氣/竭盡全力」時,常用的動詞片語為 call forth 或 summon up。
  2. 語意通順度判斷:克雷格向老闆做出承諾,語境要求填入表示「全力以赴、付出努力」意涵的動詞片語,代入 call forth 後句意完美契合。

選項分析

  • (A) call forth(正確選項)
  • 字義:使產生、喚起、調動(力量、勇氣、精力等)。
  • 用法說明:常與 courage(勇氣)、strength(體力/力量)、effort(努力)、energies(精力)等搭配,表示在面對挑戰或任務時「激發、拿出」內在的能力或潛能。
  • 例句:The crisis called forth the best qualities in him.(這場危機激發出他最優秀的特質。)
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第 11 題2 分

II. Grammar: Please choose the BEST answer for each question.

Had they been done by hand, the millions of calculations involved ________ all practical value by the time they were finished.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「假設法過去完成式(與過去事實相反)之倒裝句型」與「主要子句之動詞時態對應」。

  1. 條件子句的省略 if 與倒裝:
  • 原始結構(表與過去事實相反):
    If + 主詞 + had + 過去分詞 (p.p.)
  • 省略連接詞 if 後,助動詞 had 必須移至主詞前方形成倒裝:
    Had + 主詞 + 過去分詞 (p.p.)
  1. 主要子句的標準時態結構:
  • 與過去事實相反時,主要子句對應結構為:
    主詞 + would / could / might / should + have + 過去分詞 (p.p.)

題幹定位與翻譯

  • 原文引述:
    "Had they been done by hand, the millions of calculations involved ________ all practical value by the time they were finished."
  • 結構拆解:
  • 條件子句(倒裝):Had they been done by hand
    = If they had been done by hand(如果當初這些計算全靠人工完成)。
  • 主要子句主詞:the millions of calculations involved(所涉及的數百萬次計算)。其中 involved 為過去分詞後位修飾名詞 calculations。
  • 時間副詞子句:by the time they were finished(等到它們算完的時候),表示在過去某個時間點之前已經完成的動作狀態。
  • 全句翻譯:
    「如果當時全靠人工完成,這當中牽涉到的數百萬次運算在完成之際,恐怕早就失去了所有實用價值。」

解題方法

  1. 辨識假設語氣倒裝:句首為 Had they been done...,看到「句首 Had + 主詞 + p.p.」,即可直接鎖定此句為與過去事實相反的假設法(原始句型為 If they had been done...)。
  2. 對應主要子句時態:條件子句既然是過去完成式(had + p.p.),主要子句動詞必須選用「助動詞過去式 + 完成式(would / could / might + have + p.p.)」。
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第 12 題2 分

I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time ________ the last bus.

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這一題的完整詳解

題目定位與全句翻譯

題幹原文:
"I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time ________ the last bus."

中文翻譯:
「昨晚我在辦公室加班到很晚,以至於我幾乎沒有時間去趕最後一班公車。」


核心觀念

  1. 名詞 time 後接不定詞(Infinitive)作為後位修飾語:
  • 在英文中,名詞 time 表示「做某事的時間」時,習慣後接「不定詞片語(to + 原形動詞)」來修飾名詞,形成常見句型:
    have time to + V\text{have time to + V}(有時間去做……)
  1. 否定副詞與動詞時態:
  • 題幹以 so... that...(如此……以至於……)連接結果副詞子句。
  • 子句中的動詞為過去式 had,搭配否定副詞 hardly(幾乎不),表示「幾乎沒有時間」。後方的不定詞只需表達相對於當時的動作目的或內容,使用「一般形不定詞(simple infinitive)」即可,不需使用完成形不定詞。

解題方法

  1. 分析子句結構:
    結果子句主幹為 I hardly had time(主詞 + 副詞 + 動詞 + 受詞)。空格處位於名詞 time 之後,用以說明「是什麼的時間」或「做什麼動作的時間」。
  2. 決定動狀詞(Verbals)形式:
  • 名詞 time、chance、opportunity、ability 等抽象名詞,後方習慣搭配**不定詞(to V)**作為形容詞子句簡化的後位修飾語,表「做某事的(時間/機會/能力)」。
  • 因此排除動名詞或分詞形式的 (C) catching 與 (D) having caught。
  1. 時態與語態判斷:
  • 主詞 I 與「趕公車(catch the bus)」之間為主動關係。
  • 不定詞所代表的動作(趕公車)與主要動詞 had 為同一時間點或緊接在後,表示當時是否有時間去執行該動作,屬於常態時間性,應使用一般式 to catch,不需使用完成式 to have caught。
  • 故選 (A)。

選項分析

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第 13 題2 分

__________ the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Professor White persisted in his research.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「介系詞片語的語意與搭配」。句中空格後接名詞片語:

the fact that his initial experiments had failed

因此,空格應填入能表達「儘管、雖然」的介系詞片語,形成讓步關係。

題幹定位與翻譯

In spite of the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Professor White persisted in his research.

翻譯:儘管他最初的實驗已經失敗,White 教授仍堅持進行他的研究。

前半句表示不利條件,後半句表示與預期相反的結果:

  • 實驗失敗:通常可能放棄研究
  • 教授仍堅持研究:與預期相反

因此需要表示「儘管」的讓步片語 in spite of。

解題方法

先判斷前後子句的邏輯關係:

  1. his initial experiments had failed 表示「最初的實驗失敗」。
  2. Professor White persisted in his research 表示「White 教授持續研究」。
  3. 前者是阻礙,後者是不受阻礙影響的行動,兩者形成讓步關係。
  4. 能表達「儘管」的選項是 in spite of。

文法上:

  • in spite of + 名詞/名詞片語
  • in spite of the fact that + 子句

本句的 the fact that his initial experiments had failed 是名詞片語,其中 that his initial experiments had failed 修飾 the fact,說明「這個事實」的具體內容。

選項分析

(A) As far as

as far as 主要表示「就……而言;在……範圍內」,常見搭配為:

  • as far as I know:就我所知
  • as far as the evidence is concerned:就證據而言

代入後:

As far as the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Professor White persisted in his research.

語意不通,無法表達「儘管實驗失敗,仍堅持研究」的讓步關係,因此錯誤。

(B) In spite of

in spite of 表示「儘管;不顧」,用來引導讓步的名詞片語。

In spite of the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Professor White persisted in hi

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第 14 題2 分

If I __________ a more reliable car, I __________ to Canada rather than fly.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念:第二類條件句

本題考「與現在事實相反或不太可能實現的假設」,句型為第二類條件句:

If + 主詞 + 過去式,主詞 + would + 原形動詞\text{If + 主詞 + 過去式,主詞 + would + 原形動詞}

題句:

If I had a more reliable car, I would drive to Canada rather than fly.
如果我有一輛更可靠的車,我就會開車去加拿大,而不是搭飛機。

此處的 had 並非單純表示過去,而是表示「現在沒有一輛更可靠的車」的假設;would drive 表示在此假設條件下可能採取的結果。

因此,正確組合為:

If I had ... , I would drive ...\text{If I had ... , I would drive ...}

解題方法

先觀察主句:

I __________ to Canada rather than fly.

rather than fly 表示「而不是搭飛機」,前方需要一個表示假設結果的動詞片語。若要表達「在某個非現實條件下,我會開車」,應使用:

would drive

再回頭判斷 If 子句。題意是「如果我現在有一輛更可靠的車」,屬於現在的非事實假設,因此使用過去式:

had a more reliable car

完整句子為:

If I had a more reliable car, I would drive to Canada rather than fly.

選項分析

(A) would have … would drive

If I would have a more reliable car, I would drive ...

錯誤在 If 子句使用 would have。第二類條件句的 If 子句通常使用過去式 had,不用 would 表示假設結果。would drive 本身符合主句形式,但前半句錯誤,因此整個選項不正確。

(B) had … had driven

If I had a more reliable car, I had driven ...

前半句的 had 正確,符合第二類條件句的條件子句;但主句 had driven 是過去完成式,不能表達「在這個條件下,我會開車」的假設結果。

第二類條件句主句應使用:

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第 15 題2 分

Although he was a teenager, Fred could resist _______ what to do and what not to do.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念:resist 後接動名詞

本題考 resist 的句型用法:

resist + V-ing:抗拒、忍住做某事

題幹中的 Fred 不是「抗拒告訴別人事情」,而是「抗拒被別人告知事情」,因此要使用被動式動名詞:

being + 過去分詞

tell 的被動式為 be told,放在 resist 後則變成動名詞形式:

being told:被告知


解題方法

先找出主要動詞 resist,判斷它後面所接的動詞形式。

resist 後面不能接不定詞 to V,而要接動名詞 V-ing。又因為 Fred 是「接受告知」的一方,語意上必須使用被動:

resist+being told\text{resist}+\text{being told}

因此完整句子為:

Although he was a teenager, Fred could resist being told what to do and what not to do.

翻譯:

雖然 Fred 是個青少年,他仍能抗拒被告知該做什麼以及不該做什麼。

其中:

  • although:雖然
  • teenager:青少年
  • resist:抗拒、抵抗
  • be told:被告知
  • what to do:該做什麼
  • what not to do:不該做什麼

what to do 與 what not to do 都是「疑問詞+不定詞」結構,作為 being told 的內容,說明被告知的事項。


選項分析

(A) to be told

to be told 是被動不定詞,意思是「被告知」。

但 resist 後面必須接動名詞,不能接 to V:

resist + V-ing
不可作為:resist + to V

因此 resist to be told 文法錯誤。


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第 16 題2 分

The concert features, __________ others, Lady Gaga and Maroon 5. Their music is still very popular __________ teenagers.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「介系詞的固定搭配與語意」。

  • among others:除其他人之外;在許多人或多個對象之中。
  • among teenagers:在青少年之間;受到青少年族群的喜愛。
  • between:在兩者之間,主要用於明確的兩個人、事物或群體。
  • into:進入;對某事物產生興趣,常見搭配為 be into something,不能直接表示「受到某族群喜愛」。

題幹中的兩個空格都需要填入 among。

解題方法

第一個空格位於片語:

The concert features, __________ others, Lady Gaga and Maroon 5.

固定用法為 among others,意思是「除了其他人之外,也包括……」。句中列出 Lady Gaga 和 Maroon 5,表示他們是眾多演出者中的一部分,因此使用 among。

第二個空格位於:

Their music is still very popular __________ teenagers.

「音樂在某一族群中很受歡迎」的標準表達是 be popular among + 群體,因此應填 among。

完整句子如下:

The concert features, among others, Lady Gaga and Maroon 5. Their music is still very popular among teenagers.

翻譯:

這場演唱會的演出者包括 Lady Gaga、Maroon 5 以及其他人。他們的音樂在青少年之間仍然非常受歡迎。

選項分析

(A) between … among:錯誤

第二格 popular among teenagers 正確,但第一格使用 between others 不符合固定片語。

between 通常表示兩者之間的關係,例如:

  • between A and B:在 A 和 B 之間
  • between the two countries:在這兩個國家之間
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第 17 題2 分

Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true __________ it comes to classroom tests.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考的是固定片語 when it comes to + 名詞/動名詞,意為「談到……時」、「涉及……時」、「在……方面」。

句型中的 it 為虛主詞,comes to 並非單純「來到」,而是固定用法:

when it comes to classroom tests
談到課堂測驗時/在課堂測驗方面

因此,空格後的 it comes to classroom tests 必須與表示時間或情境的連接詞 when 搭配。


解題方法

先觀察空格後面的結構:

it comes to classroom tests

這是完整的主詞加動詞結構,其中 comes to 與後面的名詞片語 classroom tests 組成固定片語。能自然放在此處的完整表達為:

when it comes to + 名詞

代入後:

Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true when it comes to classroom tests.

翻譯為:

做作業是提升考試成績的可靠方法,而在課堂測驗方面尤其如此。

句意是:寫作業通常有助於提升考試成績,尤其是面對課堂測驗時更是如此。


題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句為:

Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true when it comes to classroom tests.

分段理解:

  • Doing your homework:做家庭作業
  • is a sure way to:是……的可靠方法
  • improve your test scores:提升你的考試成績
  • this is especially true:這一點尤其正確/尤其如此
  • when it comes to classroom tests:談到課堂測驗時/在課堂測驗方面

全句翻譯:

做作業是提升考試成績的可靠方法,而在課堂測驗方面尤其如此。


選項分析

(A) despite

despite 是介系詞,意為「儘管」,後面通常接名詞、代名詞或動名詞,例如:

despite the rain
儘管下雨

若代入題目:

especially true despite it comes to classroom tests

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第 18 題2 分

__________ at the party, I saw Peter standing alone.

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這一題的完整詳解

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹:
“__________ at the party, I saw Peter standing alone.”

翻譯:
「抵達派對時,我看見 Peter 獨自站著。」

空格位於句首,後面接逗號,形成分詞片語;其邏輯主詞必須與主要子句主詞 I 相同。因此完整句為:

“Arriving at the party, I saw Peter standing alone.”

「抵達派對時,我看見 Peter 獨自站著。」


核心觀念

本題考「現在分詞片語作副詞片語」以及「分詞片語的邏輯主詞」。

句首的現在分詞片語:

Arriving at the party\text{Arriving at the party}

可視為省略主詞與連接詞的副詞子句:

When I arrived at the party, I saw Peter standing alone.\text{When I arrived at the party, I saw Peter standing alone.}

現在分詞 arriving 表示主動意義,主詞 I 是「抵達」的執行者,且抵達與看見 Peter 的動作時間相近。

此外,arrive 是不及物動詞,意思是「抵達、到達」,通常不接受詞,也不能用被動語態。因此不能說某人「被抵達」。


解題方法

判斷句首分詞片語時,可依序掌握三點:

  1. 空格後有逗號,顯示空格可能是修飾主要子句的分詞片語。
  2. 分詞片語的邏輯主詞要與主要子句主詞一致。主要子句主詞是 I,所以空格應描述「I 抵達派對」。
  3. 「I 抵達」是主動關係,應使用現在分詞 arriving,而非過去分詞或被動形式。

因此:

Arriving at the party, I saw Peter standing alone.\text{Arriving at the party, I saw Peter standing alone.}

等於:

When I arrived at the party, I saw Peter standing alone.\text{When I arrived at the party, I saw Peter standing alone.}

故選 (C)。


選項分析

(A) Being arrived

being + 過去分詞 通常表示被動進行,例如:

  • being invited:正在被邀請
  • being examined:正在被檢查

但 arrive 是不及物動詞,不能形成一般被動語態。不能說:

  • 「我正在被抵達」

因此 Being arrived 結構與語意皆不成立。


(B) Having been arrived

having been + 過去分詞 是完成被動分詞結構,表示「已經被……」。例如:

  • Having been invited, she attended the party.
    「由於已經受邀,她參加了派對。」
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第 19 題2 分

I appreciated __________ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. appreciate 的搭配用法
  2. 動名詞完成式被動語態
  3. 主動與被動語意的判斷

句型為:

I appreciated __________ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

appreciate 表示「感激、欣賞、體會」,後面可接名詞或動名詞片語,但通常不接 to V:

  • appreciate + N
  • appreciate + V-ing
  • appreciate + having + 過去分詞

其中,having been given 是完成式被動動名詞:

having been given=已經被給予\text{having been given} = \text{已經被給予}

整句可理解為:

I appreciated the fact that I had been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

也就是「我很感激兩年前曾獲得出國留學的機會。」

解題方法

先判斷語意:主詞 I 是「獲得機會」的人,而不是「給予機會」的人,因此空格需要使用被動語態。

再判斷時間先後:

  • appreciated:我感激
  • having been given:我先前已被給予機會

「獲得出國留學的機會」先發生,之後才產生感激的情緒,因此使用完成式動名詞:

having+been+p.p.\text{having} + \text{been} + \text{p.p.}

完整句子為:

I appreciated having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

翻譯:

我很感激兩年前曾獲得出國留學的機會。

選項分析

(A) having been given(正確)

having been given 為完成式被動動名詞:

  • having:完成式動名詞標記
  • been:被動語態中的 be
  • given:give 的過去分詞

give someone the opportunity 表示「給某人機會」,改成被動後為:

someone is given the opportunity

因此:

I appreciated having been given the opportunity.

表示「我感激自己曾被給予這個機會」,符合句意與文法。故選 A。

(B) having being given(錯誤)

完成式被動動名詞的正確形式是:

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第 20 題2 分

I apologize if I _________ you, but I assure you it was unintentional.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗重點為**「假設語氣/條件句之時態呼應」與「主動/被動語態之語意判斷」**。
在條件子句(ifif-clause)中,動詞的形式取決於說話者所假設的情況是發生在過去、現在、還是純粹的真實條件。同時,及物動詞(offendoffend)與受詞(youyou)之間的動賓關係,決定了必須使用主動語態而非被動語態。


題幹解析與關鍵句翻譯

  • 原文題幹:
    "I apologize if I _________ you, but I assure you it was unintentional."
  • 中文翻譯:
    「如果我(先前)冒犯了您,我向您道歉;但我向您保證,那絕非我的本意。」
  • 關鍵字詞解析:
  • apologize (v.):道歉。
  • offend (v.):冒犯、得罪(為及物動詞,其後需接承受冒犯的對象作為受詞)。
  • assure (v.):向……保證、使確信。
  • unintentional (adj.):無意的、非故意的(字首 un−un- 表示否定,intentionalintentional 為有意的)。

解題方法

  1. 語態切入(主動 vs. 被動):
    空格後有受詞代名詞 "you"(受格),表示空格處所填的動詞必須是「主動語態」,意為「我冒犯了你」。若為被動語態,其後無法直接接賓語 "you"。藉此可直接排除被動結構的 (C) have been offended 與 (D) might be offended。
  2. 時態與時序呼應(過去發生的行為 vs. 現在道歉):
    後半句以對等連接詞 "but" 連接子句:"it was unintentional" 明確使用過去式動詞 "was",顯示可能造成冒犯的言行是發生在「過去」。說話者在「現在」(apologize)為「過去已經發生過(甚至早於道歉前)的冒犯行為」致歉。
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第 21 題2 分

III. Cloze Test: Please choose the BEST answer for each blank.

【題組共用題幹】

Police fired tear gas and rubber bullets ____ protesters in Hong Kong on Wednesday, hours after tens of thousands of mostly young people surrounded the city's government headquarters and postponed the debate over a ____ bill that would allow fugitives to be ____ to China. As violent clashes erupted between protesters and the authorities late Wednesday afternoon local time, Hong Kong Police Commissioner Steven Lo Wai-chung said the demonstration was considered a ____ . Rubber bullets, pepper spray and hand-thrown tear gas were used to push back protesters who had occupied the city's main thoroughfare near the government headquarters, as well as the surrounding roads, Lo confirmed. He added that police had been left ____ "no choice but to start to use force." Ambulances were seen rushing towards Harcourt Road, the main site of Wednesday's protest, amid reports of people being removed from the scene on stretchers. Lo said the number of officers injured was still being tallied.

  1. Please choose the BEST answer for the blank.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗動詞與介系詞的固定搭配(Collocation)及介系詞表示「攻擊或瞄準目標」的語意功能。
動詞 fire(開火、射擊、發射)若要表達「向/朝著……發射武器或彈藥」,後方接受擊或攻擊的「目標對象」時,標準搭配的介系詞為 at(即 fire sth at sb/sth)。


題幹定位與句意翻譯

  • 定位句:

"Police fired tear gas and rubber bullets ____ protesters in Hong Kong on Wednesday..."

  • 中文翻譯:

「週三在香港,警方向抗議群眾發射催淚瓦斯與橡膠子彈……」

  • 關鍵字詞解析:
  • fire [weapon/ammunition] at sb/sth:向某人/某物發射(武器、子彈、瓦斯等)
  • tear gas(名詞):催淚瓦斯
  • rubber bullet(名詞):橡膠子彈
  • protester(名詞):抗議者、示威者

解題方法

本題句型結構為:
Police (主詞) + fired (及物動詞) + tear gas and rubber bullets (受詞) + [介系詞] + protesters (目標受詞)\text{Police (主詞) } + \text{ fired (及物動詞) } + \text{ tear gas and rubber bullets (受詞) } + \text{ [介系詞] } + \text{ protesters (目標受詞)}

在英文中,表示「以武器或投擲物瞄準並攻擊特定目標」時,介系詞通常使用具有「焦點性、點狀目標」意涵的 at(例如:aim at, shoot at, throw sth at, point a gun at)。因此,受詞為投擲物/武器時,接續受擊對象的固定用法為 fire ... at ...。


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第 22 題2 分

III. Cloze Test: Please choose the BEST answer for each blank.

【題組共用題幹】

Police fired tear gas and rubber bullets ____ protesters in Hong Kong on Wednesday, hours after tens of thousands of mostly young people surrounded the city's government headquarters and postponed the debate over a ____ bill that would allow fugitives to be ____ to China. As violent clashes erupted between protesters and the authorities late Wednesday afternoon local time, Hong Kong Police Commissioner Steven Lo Wai-chung said the demonstration was considered a ____ . Rubber bullets, pepper spray and hand-thrown tear gas were used to push back protesters who had occupied the city's main thoroughfare near the government headquarters, as well as the surrounding roads, Lo confirmed. He added that police had been left ____ "no choice but to start to use force." Ambulances were seen rushing towards Harcourt Road, the main site of Wednesday's protest, amid reports of people being removed from the scene on stretchers. Lo said the number of officers injured was still being tallied.

  1. Please choose the BEST answer for the blank.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「詞性判斷與名詞修飾語(Adjective modifying Noun)」及「同源詞詞類變化」。
在名詞片語結構中,冠詞與名詞之間(a+‾+bill\text{a} + \underline{\quad\quad} + \text{bill})需要一個形容詞來修飾後方的單數可數名詞 bill\text{bill}(法案),構成完整名詞片語 a controversial bill\text{a controversial bill}(一項具爭議的法案)。


解題方法

  1. 鎖定句型結構與定位句:
  • 原文句子:

"...postponed the debate over a ____ bill that would allow fugitives to be extradited to China."

  • 中文翻譯:

「……推遲了一項允許將逃犯移交至中國的具爭議法案之辯論。」

  1. 剖析文法結構:
  • 介系詞 over\text{over}(關於)後面接名詞片語作為受詞。
  • 受詞結構為:a\text{a}(不定冠詞)++ ‾\underline{\quad\quad}(空格)++ bill\text{bill}(名詞:法案)++ that would allow...\text{that would allow...}(形容詞子句修飾 bill\text{bill})。
  • 冠詞 a\text{a} 已經決定了中心名詞 bill\text{bill} 的單數可數性,中間所填之字必須為修飾名詞 bill\text{bill} 的「形容詞」。
  1. 詞性辨析與配對:
  • 選項均衍生自名詞 controversy\text{controversy}(爭議)。
  • 需要形容詞字尾 -ial\text{-ial} 的型態,因此選擇形容詞 controversial(有爭議的)。

選項分析

  • (A) controversy【名詞,單數】
    意思為「爭議、辯論」。若放名詞修飾名詞(名詞作形容詞用,Noun Adjunct),通常用於固定複合名詞(如 controversy theory\text{controversy theory} 不常見,標準表達爭議法案一律使用衍生形容詞 controversial bill\text{controversial bill})
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第 23 題2 分

III. Cloze Test: Please choose the BEST answer for each blank.

【題組共用題幹】

Police fired tear gas and rubber bullets ____ protesters in Hong Kong on Wednesday, hours after tens of thousands of mostly young people surrounded the city's government headquarters and postponed the debate over a ____ bill that would allow fugitives to be ____ to China. As violent clashes erupted between protesters and the authorities late Wednesday afternoon local time, Hong Kong Police Commissioner Steven Lo Wai-chung said the demonstration was considered a ____ . Rubber bullets, pepper spray and hand-thrown tear gas were used to push back protesters who had occupied the city's main thoroughfare near the government headquarters, as well as the surrounding roads, Lo confirmed. He added that police had been left ____ "no choice but to start to use force." Ambulances were seen rushing towards Harcourt Road, the main site of Wednesday's protest, amid reports of people being removed from the scene on stretchers. Lo said the number of officers injured was still being tallied.

  1. Please choose the BEST answer for the blank.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 克漏字中的上下文語意判斷。
  2. 動詞搭配與被動語態:be + 過去分詞。
  3. 易混淆字首 ex- 單字的辨義。

句型為:

a bill that would allow fugitives to be ____ to China

allow + 受詞 + to V 表示「允許某人做某事」;其中 fugitives 是被移交的一方,因此空格須填入過去分詞,形成被動概念:

be extradited:被引渡

解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句為:

a bill that would allow fugitives to be extradited to China.

翻譯:

一項將允許逃犯被引渡至中國的法案。

fugitives 意為「逃犯、逃亡者」,to China 表示被送往的目的地。法律與司法語境中,將逃犯從一地正式移交給另一地,使用 extradite,其被動形式為 be extradited。

因此完整句意為:

香港警方在星期三向抗議者發射催淚瓦斯與橡膠子彈;數小時前,數萬名多數為年輕人的民眾包圍市政府總部,並使一項允許逃犯被引渡至中國的法案辯論延期。

關鍵單字與片語

  • extradite:引渡(逃犯)
  • fugitive:逃犯;逃亡者
  • bill:法案
  • allow A to V:允許 A 做某事
  • be extradited to...:被引渡至……
  • tear gas:催淚瓦斯
  • rubber bullets:橡膠子彈
  • protester:抗議者
  • government headquarters:政府總部
  • postpone:延期
  • violent clashes:暴力衝突
  • authorities:當局
  • demonstration:示威;遊行
  • pepper spray:胡椒噴霧
  • use force:使用武力
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第 24 題2 分

III. Cloze Test: Please choose the BEST answer for each blank.

【題組共用題幹】

Police fired tear gas and rubber bullets ____ protesters in Hong Kong on Wednesday, hours after tens of thousands of mostly young people surrounded the city's government headquarters and postponed the debate over a ____ bill that would allow fugitives to be ____ to China. As violent clashes erupted between protesters and the authorities late Wednesday afternoon local time, Hong Kong Police Commissioner Steven Lo Wai-chung said the demonstration was considered a ____ . Rubber bullets, pepper spray and hand-thrown tear gas were used to push back protesters who had occupied the city's main thoroughfare near the government headquarters, as well as the surrounding roads, Lo confirmed. He added that police had been left ____ "no choice but to start to use force." Ambulances were seen rushing towards Harcourt Road, the main site of Wednesday's protest, amid reports of people being removed from the scene on stretchers. Lo said the number of officers injured was still being tallied.

  1. Please choose the BEST answer for the blank.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「語境判斷」與「名詞詞義辨析」。空格位於:

Steven Lo Wai-chung said the demonstration was considered a ____.

句型為:

be considered a + 可數名詞

因此空格必須填入能描述這場示威活動性質的單數可數名詞。文中提到警方使用催淚瓦斯、橡膠子彈、胡椒噴霧及武力驅離抗議者,且發生「violent clashes」,可判斷警方將這場示威視為「暴動」。

解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句是:

As violent clashes erupted between protesters and the authorities late Wednesday afternoon local time, Hong Kong Police Commissioner Steven Lo Wai-chung said the demonstration was considered a riot.

翻譯:

當地時間星期三下午晚些時候,抗議者與當局之間爆發激烈衝突,香港警務處處長盧偉聰表示,這場示威被視為一場暴動。

此外,前後文也提供線索:

  • 警方發射催淚瓦斯與橡膠子彈。
  • 抗議者占據主要道路。
  • 警方使用武力驅離人群。
  • 文中明確使用 violent clashes 描述衝突。

因此,最符合語意的名詞是 riot。

選項分析

(A) commemoration:紀念、紀念活動

commemoration 指為了紀念某人或某件事而舉行的活動,例如紀念戰爭、歷史事件或逝者。本題描述的是抗議者與警方爆發衝突,並非紀念活動,因此不合語境。

(B) riot:暴動、騷亂

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第 25 題2 分

III. Cloze Test: Please choose the BEST answer for each blank.

【題組共用題幹】

Police fired tear gas and rubber bullets ____ protesters in Hong Kong on Wednesday, hours after tens of thousands of mostly young people surrounded the city's government headquarters and postponed the debate over a ____ bill that would allow fugitives to be ____ to China. As violent clashes erupted between protesters and the authorities late Wednesday afternoon local time, Hong Kong Police Commissioner Steven Lo Wai-chung said the demonstration was considered a ____ . Rubber bullets, pepper spray and hand-thrown tear gas were used to push back protesters who had occupied the city's main thoroughfare near the government headquarters, as well as the surrounding roads, Lo confirmed. He added that police had been left ____ "no choice but to start to use force." Ambulances were seen rushing towards Harcourt Road, the main site of Wednesday's protest, amid reports of people being removed from the scene on stretchers. Lo said the number of officers injured was still being tallied.

  1. Please choose the BEST answer for the blank.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「動詞搭配」與「介系詞語意」。關鍵動詞為 fire:

  • fire A at B:朝 B 開火、向 B 發射 A
  • fire A on B:向 B 發射 A,語意接近 fire at
  • fire A with B:以 B 作為武器或工具開火;但若 with 後接人,通常表示「與某人一起」,不表示「朝某人發射」。

依官方答案,本題選 with,命題意旨應是表達「警方使用催淚瓦斯與橡膠子彈,和示威者發生對抗」。

解題方法

定位答案的句子是:

Police fired tear gas and rubber bullets with protesters in Hong Kong on Wednesday.

官方答案填入後,句意可理解為:

星期三,警方在香港使用催淚瓦斯與橡膠子彈,與示威者發生衝突。

全文後文出現:

As violent clashes erupted between protesters and the authorities...

意為:

當示威者與當局之間爆發激烈衝突時……

後文明確提到警方與示威者的對抗,因此官方將 with protesters 視為「與示威者對抗、發生衝突」的語意搭配,答案定為 D。

選項分析

  • (A) for

fire A for B 通常表示「為了 B 而開火」或「替 B 開火」,不能自然表達「向示威者發射催淚瓦斯與橡膠子彈」。此處語意不合,錯誤。

  • (B) of

fire A of protesters 不符合英文中 fire 的固定搭配。介系詞 of 主要表示「……的」,不能連接「發射武器」與「示威者」的關係,錯誤。

  • (C) between

between 表示「在兩者之間」,通常用於描述兩個對象的關係,例如 a conflict between the police and protesters。

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第 26 題2 分

III. Cloze Test: Please choose the BEST answer for each blank.

【題組共用題幹】

The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is ____ the utmost importance. Too often, careless use of words ____ a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener ____ interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.

Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make ____ difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be ____ to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners.

  1. Please choose the BEST answer for the blank.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考的是固定搭配與介系詞用法:

be of the utmost importance

意思是「極其重要、至關重要」。其中:

  • of:表示「具有某種性質或程度」
  • the utmost:最大的、極度的
  • importance:重要性

因此,be of the utmost importance 可理解為「具有最高程度的重要性」,也就是「非常重要」。

定位答案的關鍵句

In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance.
在口語溝通中,字詞的選擇至關重要。

空格位於 is 與 the utmost importance 之間,必須填入能與 the utmost importance 構成固定搭配的介系詞,答案為 of。

解題方法

看到:

be + ___ + the utmost importance

應立即聯想到固定片語:

be of great importance
非常重要

be of utmost importance
極其重要

be of the utmost importance
至關重要

此處的 of 不是單純表示「……的」,而是用來表示主詞「具有某種特質或價值」。例如:

  • This issue is of great importance.
    這個議題非常重要。
  • Her advice is of little importance.
    她的建議不太重要。
  • The information is of practical value.
    這項資訊具有實用價值。

句子也可改寫為:

The choice of words is extremely important.

但原題採用較正式的 be of the utmost importance,常見於學術、正式文章與考試英文。

選項分析

(A) of:正確

be of the utmost importance 是標準固定搭配,表示「極其重要、至關重要」。

完整句:

In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance.

語意為「在口語中,字詞的選擇至關重要」,符合上下文強調精確用字對溝通的重要性。

(B) at:錯誤

at 不與 the utmost importance 構成此處所需的固定搭配。

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第 27 題2 分

III. Cloze Test: Please choose the BEST answer for each blank.

【題組共用題幹】

The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is ____ the utmost importance. Too often, careless use of words ____ a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener ____ interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.

Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make ____ difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be ____ to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners.

  1. Please choose the BEST answer for the blank.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查克漏字中的「語意判斷、固定搭配與詞性」。空格位於:

Too often, careless use of words ____ a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener.

主詞是單數名詞片語 careless use of words,因此空格需填第三人稱單數現在式動詞,且語意必須符合「不當用字會造成什麼結果」。

解題方法

關鍵片語是 a meeting of the minds,意指「雙方想法的相通、彼此達成共識、相互理解」。

句意為:

太常見的是,粗心、不謹慎地使用字詞,會__說話者與聽者之間的相互理解。

後文接著說:

The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener or interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.

翻譯為:

說話者所使用的字詞,可能在聽者心中引起不良反應,或妨礙其理解;因此,訊息傳遞與接收的系統便會失靈。

後文明確指出不當用字會「妨礙理解」,所以空格應填 obstructs,表示「阻礙、妨礙」。

文法上:

  • careless use 是不可數且視為單數的名詞片語。
  • 因此動詞使用第三人稱單數形式:obstructs。
  • of words 只是修飾 use,不影響主詞單複數。

選項分析

(A) enlightens:使明白、啟發、闡明。

若填入句中:

careless use of words enlightens a meeting of the minds

意為「粗心用字啟發雙方達成理解」,語意與全文相反。文章描述的是不精確的用字造成溝通障礙,而非幫助理解,因此錯誤。

(B) obstructs:阻礙、妨礙。

careless use of words obstructs a meeting of the minds

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第 28 題2 分

III. Cloze Test: Please choose the BEST answer for each blank.

【題組共用題幹】

The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is ____ the utmost importance. Too often, careless use of words ____ a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener ____ interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.

Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make ____ difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be ____ to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners.

  1. Please choose the BEST answer for the blank.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「關係代名詞」的判斷,重點在於:

  1. 找出關係代名詞所修飾的先行詞。
  2. 判斷關係代名詞在子句中擔任主詞還是受詞。
  3. 依先行詞的人、事物及句意選出適當選項。

關鍵句為:

The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension.

翻譯:

說話者所使用的字詞,可能在聽者心中引起不利的反應,而這些反應會妨礙他的理解。

空格後的 interfere 是動詞,前面需要一個在關係子句中擔任主詞的關係代名詞。其先行詞是前面的 unfavorable reactions(不利的反應),指的是事物,且為複數,因此使用 which。


解題方法

將句子拆解如下:

  • 主要子句:The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener.
  • 關係子句:which interfere with his comprehension.

其中:

  • 先行詞:unfavorable reactions
  • 關係代名詞:which
  • 動詞:interfere
  • 片語:interfere with,意為「妨礙、干擾」

還原關係子句可理解為:

The unfavorable reactions interfere with his comprehension.

將重複的 the unfavorable reactions 改為關係代名詞 which,便形成:

unfavorable reactions which interfere with his comprehension

因為 which 代替事物,並在關係子句中作主詞,且先行詞為複數,後面的動詞使用複數形式 interfere。


選項分析

(A) where

where 是關係副詞,通常修飾表示地點的先行詞,意為「在……的地方」。

例如:

This is the house where he was born.

本題先行詞是 unfavorable reactions,表示「反應」,不是地點;且空格後的 interfere 需要主詞,where 無法擔任主詞,因此錯誤。


(B) whose

whose 是所有格關係代名詞,意為「其……的」,後面必須接名詞。

例如:

The student whose book was lost felt anxious.

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第 29 題2 分

III. Cloze Test: Please choose the BEST answer for each blank.

【題組共用題幹】

The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is ____ the utmost importance. Too often, careless use of words ____ a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener ____ interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.

Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make ____ difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be ____ to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners.

  1. Please choose the BEST answer for the blank.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「虛主詞/形式受詞 it」的句型:

make it difficult for someone to + V
使某人做某事變得困難

題幹句型為:

Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him.
此外,不精確或不明確的字詞,可能使聽者難以理解傳遞給他的訊息。

其中真正要表達的內容是:

for the listener to understand the message

因為這個不定詞片語較長,英文常先用 it 作為形式受詞,將真正的受詞內容放在後面:

make it difficult [for the listener to understand the message]

句型結構如下:

  • make:使、讓
  • it:形式受詞
  • difficult:受詞補語,表示「困難的」
  • for the listener to understand the message:真正的受詞內容

因此空格應填 it。

解題方法

先觀察空格後面的結構:

make ____ difficult for the listener to understand the message

這裡的核心結構是:

make + 受詞 + 形容詞

例如:

  • The noise made it difficult to concentrate.
    噪音使人難以專心。
  • The complicated instructions made it hard for beginners to follow.
    複雜的指示使初學者難以遵循。

題幹中,真正被「make difficult」修飾的不是某個具體名詞,而是「聽者理解訊息這件事」。這類較長的內容通常以 it 代替,形成:

make it difficult for the listener to understand...

完整語意為:

不精確或不明確的字詞,可能使聽者難以理解所傳遞的訊息。

選項分析

(A) them

them 是第三人稱複數受格代名詞,指「他們/它們」。

若填入後為:

may make them difficult for the listener to understand the message

語意會變成「可能使它們對聽者理解訊息而言很困難」,但 them 沒有明確的複數名詞可供指代,且句型也不符合題意。題目要表達的是「使理解訊息這件事變得困難」,而不是「使某些複數事物變得困難」。

因此錯誤。

(B) it

it 是單數受格代名詞,也可作為形式受詞,代替後方較長的不定詞片語:

for the listener to understand the message

句型為:

make it difficult for someone to do something

填入後:

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第 30 題2 分

III. Cloze Test: Please choose the BEST answer for each blank.

【題組共用題幹】

The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is ____ the utmost importance. Too often, careless use of words ____ a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener ____ interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.

Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make ____ difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be ____ to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners.

  1. Please choose the BEST answer for the blank.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查形容詞搭配詞結構(Collocation)與句子主詞與形容詞的語義相容性(Selectional Restrictions)。
在英文中,表示「無法做某事」時,若主詞是「人」,其慣用句型為 be unable to + 原形動詞(V);而其餘表示「不可行、難以接近、不可或缺」的形容詞,多以「事物或計畫」為主詞,或後續接續不同的介系詞,不能搭配「人 + be + adj. + to V」的結構。


解題方法

  1. 定位關鍵句與文意結構:
  • 原文出處句:

"The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be ____ to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners."

  • 中文翻譯:

「一位在常用詞彙中缺乏具體詞彙的說話者,可能會無法以能被聽眾理解的方式來解釋或描述。」

  1. 句法結構剖析:
  • 主要主詞:The speaker(說話者,為「人」)。
  • 關係子句修飾:who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary(缺乏具體詞彙的)。
  • 主要述語動詞與受詞/補語結構:may be [形容詞] to explain or describe...。
  1. 文法與搭配篩選:
  • 空格後緊接著不定詞片語 to explain or describe。
  • 能以「人(The speaker)」為主詞,並後接不定詞 to + V 表示「無法做某事」的形容詞,只有 unable(構成 be unable to V)。

選項分析

  • (A) unfeasible(不可行的、做不到的)
  • 字義與用法:常用於形容「計畫、方案、構想或任務」(a plan, a scheme, a project),表示客觀條件上難以實行或成本過高。
  • 錯誤原因:主詞是「人(The speaker)」,英文不能說 Someone is unfeasible to do something,語義與搭配皆錯誤。
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第 31 題2 分

IV. Reading Comprehension: Please choose the BEST answer for each question.

Reading A

【題組共用題幹】

Blind people can “see” things by using other parts of their bodies. This fact may help us to understand our feelings about color. If blind people can sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciously.

Manufacturers have discovered by experience that sugar sells badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and that cosmetics should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a branch of color psychology.

Color psychology now finds application in everything from fashion to decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore associated with calm, while yellow is a day color with associations of energy and incentive. For a primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw red as the color of blood and anger and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defense and self-protection.

Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their psychological associations, also have a direct psychological effect. People exposed to bright red show an increase in breath, in heartbeat and in blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color. Because of its exciting meaning, red is chosen as the signal for danger, but closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alarm. So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors.

According to the passage, our preferences for certain colors are __________.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為標準的細節理解與同義改寫題(Detail & Paraphrase)。考查重點在於考生能否在閱讀測驗中快速定位關鍵句(Key sentence),並識別文章原文中的語意在選項中的「同義置換(Paraphrase)」。此外,亦測驗對「因果關係片語」與句型結構完整性的判讀。


解題方法

  1. 題幹關鍵字定位:
    題幹問的是:「According to the passage, our preferences for certain colors are __________」(根據本文,我們對特定顏色的偏好是……)。
    核心關鍵字為 preferences 與 colors。

  2. 回文定位關鍵句:
    瀏覽第三段與第四段開頭:

  • 第三段第二句:「Some of our preferences are clearly psychological.」(我們的一些偏好顯然是心理層面的。)
  • 第四段第一句:「Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their psychological associations, also have a direct psychological effect.」(實驗顯示,顏色部分是因為其心理聯想,也具有直接的心理效應。)
  1. 語意對照與改寫:
    文章指出顏色的偏好與影響是「partly because of their psychological associations(部分歸因於心理聯想)」,且「preferences are clearly psychological(偏好顯然是心理上的)」。
    選項 (D) 使用了同義片語改寫:
  • 原文的 because of 置換為 due to。
  • 原文的 psychological associations / preferences are psychological 置換為 psychological factors。
    因此,(D) 選項完整且忠實地對應原文語意。

選項分析

  • (A) associated with our blood types(與我們的血型相關)

  • 錯誤。文章第四段提到紅色會使心跳與血壓上升(blood pressure),但全文從未提及「血型(blood types)」。此選項屬於將文中出現的字詞 blood 進行無中生有的拼湊(Distractor based on word association)。

  • (B) dependent on our personalities(取決於我們的個性)

  • 錯誤。

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第 32 題2 分

IV. Reading Comprehension: Please choose the BEST answer for each question.

Reading A

【題組共用題幹】

Blind people can “see” things by using other parts of their bodies. This fact may help us to understand our feelings about color. If blind people can sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciously.

Manufacturers have discovered by experience that sugar sells badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and that cosmetics should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a branch of color psychology.

Color psychology now finds application in everything from fashion to decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore associated with calm, while yellow is a day color with associations of energy and incentive. For a primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw red as the color of blood and anger and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defense and self-protection.

Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their psychological associations, also have a direct psychological effect. People exposed to bright red show an increase in breath, in heartbeat and in blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color. Because of its exciting meaning, red is chosen as the signal for danger, but closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alarm. So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors.

If people are exposed to bright red, which of the following things does NOT happen?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為閱讀測驗中的**細節否定題(Negative Detail / NOT Question)與同義改寫(Paraphrasing)**辨析。考查考生精確定位文章事實資訊,並比對動詞/名詞同義轉換(如名詞片語轉化為動詞片語)的能力。


解題方法

  1. 題目定位關鍵詞:題幹中的 exposed to bright red 與 NOT happen。
  2. 鎖定原文出處:
    第四段第二句:

"People exposed to bright red show an increase in breath, in heartbeat and in blood pressure; red is exciting."
(暴露在鮮紅色環境中的人,其呼吸頻率、心跳及血壓皆會上升;紅色具有刺激/興奮的作用。)

  1. 逐項比對生理反應:
    原文明確列出暴露於鮮紅色下的三項生理指標變化:
  • an increase in breath(呼吸增加/加快)
  • an increase in heartbeat(心跳加快)
  • an increase in blood pressure(血壓上升)
    未提及「感到滿意/滿足(feel satisfied)」,故選 (B)。

關鍵字彙與文法解析

  • be exposed to:暴露於……之中;接觸到……
  • bright red:鮮紅色
  • increase (n.):增加、上升
  • breath (n.):呼吸(注意其動詞為 breathe,字尾加 -e 且母音發音改變)
  • heartbeat (n.):心跳
  • blood pressure (n.):血壓
  • satisfy (v.):使滿意、滿足(過去分詞轉形容詞 satisfied 表「感到滿意的」)
  • exciting (adj.):令人興奮的、具刺激性的(注意此處並非一般口語「好玩的」,而是指對神經生理系統產生刺激、激發興奮反應)

選項分析

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第 33 題2 分

IV. Reading Comprehension: Please choose the BEST answer for each question.

Reading A

【題組共用題幹】

Blind people can “see” things by using other parts of their bodies. This fact may help us to understand our feelings about color. If blind people can sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciously.

Manufacturers have discovered by experience that sugar sells badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and that cosmetics should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a branch of color psychology.

Color psychology now finds application in everything from fashion to decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore associated with calm, while yellow is a day color with associations of energy and incentive. For a primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw red as the color of blood and anger and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defense and self-protection.

Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their psychological associations, also have a direct psychological effect. People exposed to bright red show an increase in breath, in heartbeat and in blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color. Because of its exciting meaning, red is chosen as the signal for danger, but closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alarm. So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors.

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解中的:

  1. 主旨與細節判讀
  2. 原文資訊與選項敘述的比對
  3. 因果關係是否被文章支持
  4. 同義轉換與合理推論

題目問的是:

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
下列哪一項依據文章內容是錯誤的?

因此,三個選項必須能由文章直接找到依據,只有一個選項與原文不符。


解題方法

解題時應逐一尋找選項在文章中的對應內容:

  • 選項 A 對應第一段:人可能在無意識中受到顏色影響。
  • 選項 B 對應第四段:有些先進社區使用亮黃色的消防車與救護車。
  • 選項 C 對應第四段:紅色會使呼吸、心跳與血壓上升,而純藍色有相反效果。
  • 選項 D 對應第二、三段:色彩心理學已應用於包裝、時尚與裝飾等領域。

其中,選項 B 增加了「造成許多嚴重事故」的資訊,但文章並未提及任何事故,因此不符合原文。


定位答案的關鍵句

文章第四段指出:

So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors.

翻譯:

因此,在一些先進社區,消防車與救護車如今正以亮黃色的外觀奔馳於街道上。

這句只說明某些先進社區使用亮黃色的消防車與救護車,並未說明這種顏色造成許多不良事故。

因此,B 選項的後半段屬於文章沒有提供的資訊,是錯誤選項。


選項分析

(A) Color probably has an effect on us that we are not conscious of.

顏色可能會對我們產生未察覺的影響。

正確。

第一段提到:

If blind people can sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciously.

翻譯:

如果盲人能感受到顏色的差異,那麼我們也可能在無意識中受到顏色的影響。

選項中的:

  • effect on us:對我們的影響
  • be conscious of:察覺、意識到
  • unconsciously:無意識地

選項 A 是原文的同義改寫,符合文章內容。


(B) Yellow fire engines have caused many bad accidents in some advanced communities.

在一些先進社區,黃色消防車造成了許多嚴重事故。

錯誤,為本題答案。

文章只提到:

fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors.

意思是某些先進社區使用亮黃色的消防車與救護車,並沒有提到:

  • 黃色消防車造成事故;
  • 事故數量很多;
  • 事故屬於嚴重或不良事故。

選項將原文的「使用亮黃色消防車」擴大改寫成「黃色消防車造成許多事故」,加入了原文不存在的因果關係。

這是閱讀測驗常見陷阱:選項包含部分原文資訊,卻額外添加未被文章支持的內容。


(C) People exposed to pure blue start to breathe more slowly.

接觸純藍色的人開始呼吸得比較慢。

正確。

文章指出:

People exposed to bright red show an increase in breath, in heartbeat and in blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color.

翻譯:

接觸亮紅色的人,呼吸、心跳與血壓都會增加;紅色令人興奮。接觸純藍色則有完全相反的效果;藍色是一種令人平靜的顏色。

紅色使生理活動增加,純藍色產生相反效果,因此可合理推知呼吸變慢、心跳降低等平靜反應。

重要片語:

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第 34 題2 分

IV. Reading Comprehension: Please choose the BEST answer for each question.

Reading A

【題組共用題幹】

Blind people can “see” things by using other parts of their bodies. This fact may help us to understand our feelings about color. If blind people can sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciously.

Manufacturers have discovered by experience that sugar sells badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and that cosmetics should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a branch of color psychology.

Color psychology now finds application in everything from fashion to decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore associated with calm, while yellow is a day color with associations of energy and incentive. For a primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw red as the color of blood and anger and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defense and self-protection.

Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their psychological associations, also have a direct psychological effect. People exposed to bright red show an increase in breath, in heartbeat and in blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color. Because of its exciting meaning, red is chosen as the signal for danger, but closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alarm. So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors.

Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  • 閱讀理解中的「細節定位」。
  • 文章對顏色與心理感受之間關聯的描述。
  • 選項是否忠實符合原文,特別注意肯定與否定、顏色對應的心理感受,以及主詞與語意方向是否被改變。

文章指出:

  • 深藍色與平靜有關。
  • 黃色與活力、刺激有關。
  • 紅色與血、憤怒及努力時產生的熱有關。
  • 綠色與被動防禦、自我保護有關。

因此,必須逐一比對各選項與文章內容。

解題方法

先抓住題目問法:

Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
下列何者根據文章內容為正確敘述?

這類題目應採用「選項關鍵字回原文定位」的方法,確認:

  1. 顏色是否對應正確。
  2. 心理感受是否被調換。
  3. 原文是肯定、否定,還是因果關係。
  4. 選項是否偷換主詞或語意方向。

本題定位答案的關鍵句是:

For a primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw red as the color of blood and anger and the heat that came with effort.

翻譯:

對原始人而言,白天的活動意味著狩獵與攻擊;而他很快便將紅色視為血、憤怒,以及伴隨努力而來的熱的顏色。

這句明確指出,原始人將紅色與 anger(憤怒)及 heat(熱)聯想在一起,因此選擇 C。

選項分析

(A) Manufacturers often sell sugar in green wrapping.

製造商經常用綠色包裝販售糖。

錯誤。原文是:

Manufacturers have discovered by experience that sugar sells badly in green wrappings.

翻譯:

製造商從經驗中發現,糖使用綠色包裝時銷售不佳。

原文的 sells badly 是「賣得不好、銷路不佳」,並非「經常販售」。此選項將原文的負面結果改成一般甚至偏正面的敘述,與文章不符。

  • manufacturer:製造商
  • wrapping:包裝、包裝紙
  • sell badly:銷售不佳

(B) Dark blue brings people the feeling of being energetic.

深藍色帶給人精力充沛的感覺。

錯誤。原文指出:

Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore associated with calm.

翻譯:

深藍色是夜空的顏色,因此與平靜有關。

calm 是「平靜、鎮定」,與選項中的 energetic「精力充沛的、有活力的」意思相反。文章將活力與黃色連結,而非深藍色。

  • dark blue:深藍色
  • associated with:與……有關、與……聯想在一起
  • calm:平靜的
  • energetic:精力充沛的、有活力的
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第 35 題2 分

IV. Reading Comprehension: Please choose the BEST answer for each question.

Reading A

【題組共用題幹】

Blind people can “see” things by using other parts of their bodies. This fact may help us to understand our feelings about color. If blind people can sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciously.

Manufacturers have discovered by experience that sugar sells badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and that cosmetics should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a branch of color psychology.

Color psychology now finds application in everything from fashion to decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore associated with calm, while yellow is a day color with associations of energy and incentive. For a primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw red as the color of blood and anger and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defense and self-protection.

Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their psychological associations, also have a direct psychological effect. People exposed to bright red show an increase in breath, in heartbeat and in blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color. Because of its exciting meaning, red is chosen as the signal for danger, but closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alarm. So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors.

Which of the following could be the most suitable title for the passage?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨判斷」與「文章標題選擇」。解題重點不是尋找某一個細節,而是判斷全文反覆討論的核心概念。

本文主要說明:

  • 顏色會影響人們的心理感受與情緒。
  • 人們對不同顏色的喜好,部分來自心理聯想。
  • 顏色也會對人體產生生理反應,例如影響呼吸、心跳與血壓。
  • 色彩心理學已被應用於包裝、時尚、裝飾及交通工具等領域。

因此,全文核心是「顏色與人的感受、情緒及心理反應之間的關係」。

定位答案的關鍵句

文章第三段指出:

“Some of our preferences are clearly psychological.”

意思是:「我們有些偏好顯然是心理因素造成的。」

文章第四段進一步說明:

“Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their psychological associations, also have a direct psychological effect.”

意思是:「實驗顯示,顏色除了因心理聯想而產生影響,也會直接造成心理上的作用。」

文中並以不同顏色為例:

  • 深藍色使人聯想到夜空,因此與平靜有關。
  • 黃色使人聯想到白天、活力與刺激。
  • 紅色會令人興奮,增加呼吸、心跳與血壓。
  • 純藍色則有鎮定效果。
  • 黃色能造成警戒與警報感。

這些內容共同支持「Color and Feelings」這個主旨。

選項分析

(A) The Crisis of Color Psychology

意思是「色彩心理學的危機」。

本文沒有討論色彩心理學面臨的危機、問題、失敗或衰退,內容反而是在介紹色彩心理學的現象、作用與應用。因此與文章主旨不符。

(B) Color and Politics

意思是「色彩與政治」。

文章完全沒有提到政治、政黨、政治象徵或政治立場。文中的「danger」與「alarm」是危險及警報的心理反應,不是政治議題,因此本選項錯誤。

(C) The Overuse of Color Psychology

意思是「色彩心理學的過度使用」。

文章雖然提到色彩心理學廣泛應用於包裝、時尚與裝飾,但作者並未批評這些應用過度,也沒有討論負面後果。這個選項加入了文章沒有表達的批判意義,不能作為全文標題。

(D) Color and Feelings

意思是「顏色與感受」。

本文從顏色偏好、心理聯想、情緒影響及生理反應等角度,說明顏色如何影響人的感受與心理狀態。此選項涵蓋全文各段內容,範圍適中,沒有加入文章未提及的議題,因此最符合文章主旨。

關鍵單字與片語

  • blind people:盲人
  • sense:感覺、察覺
  • color differences:顏色差異
  • unconsciously:無意識地
  • manufacturer:製造商
  • wrapping:包裝紙、包裝材料
  • cosmetics:化妝品
  • package:包裝
  • color psychology:色彩心理學
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第 36 題2 分

IV. Reading Comprehension: Please choose the BEST answer for each question.

Reading B

【題組共用題幹】

Capoeira was invented hundreds of years ago in Brazil. It combines dance and music with martial arts and gymnastics, and it is part of what defines Brazilian culture. Nowadays, an increasing number of men and women in many countries are discovering this pastime that exercises the brain as much as it does the body.

Before a Capoeira jogo, or game, Capoeira players and musicians get together in a large circle called a roda. A game starts when two players meet in the middle of the roda and begin a series of movements. Capoeira is similar to martial arts such as karate and judo because players practice different kinds of attacks and ways to defend themselves. One player displays part of an attack move but doesn't complete it; the other player pretends to block the attack but then gets out of the way instead. Players try to be unpredictable so that their opponents quickly have to decide on an escape move. In the jogo, the two players sweep their legs over one another, crouch down low, jump, stand on their hands or even their heads—and they do it all in time to music!

Capoeira always includes musicians who decide whether the game will be slow- or fast-paced. They play traditional African musical instruments, including various drums and the berimbau, a one-stringed instrument that is hit with a stick. These instruments reflect and preserve the origins of Capoeira, which was invented by slaves brought to Brazil from Africa. There is no written history explaining why Capoeira was invented, but it is said that Capoeira games were a way for slaves, who came from many different cultures, to interact with each other. Capoeira was probably an enjoyable change from their hard work, and it might have been a way for slaves to become excellent fighters without their masters knowing about it.

Today, Capoeira’s universal appeal can be seen in many places. In the movie The Matrix, the character Morpheus uses Capoeira moves in a fight. There is even a Pokemon character named Kapoera that spins on its head like a Capoeira player. And Bally Total Fitness, a chain of exercise facilities, recently announced a class that combines a cardio workout with martial arts and dance. You guessed it—it’s Capoeira!

According to the passage, Capoeira is __________.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨與文章整體內容判斷」。解題重點是掌握文章對 Capoeira 的整體描述,尤其注意表示發展趨勢的字詞,例如 increasing number(越來越多的數量)與 universal appeal(普遍的吸引力)。

文章主要說明 Capoeira 的起源、玩法、音樂特色,以及它在現代逐漸受到世界各地歡迎的情形。

解題方法

先找出能概括全文的敘述,而不是只依據某一段的細節判斷。

第一段明確指出:

“Nowadays, an increasing number of men and women in many countries are discovering this pastime…”

翻譯:如今,許多國家的男性與女性,正以越來越多的人數開始接觸這項休閒活動。

文章最後也補充 Capoeira 出現在電影《駭客任務》、寶可夢角色,以及健身房課程中,顯示它已經跨越巴西,在許多地方受到注意與歡迎。因此,Capoeira 的正確描述是「越來越受歡迎」。

關鍵單字、片語與語意

  • invent:發明、創造
  • combine A with B:將 A 與 B 結合
  • martial arts:武術
  • gymnastics:體操
  • define:定義、構成……的特色
  • an increasing number of:越來越多的……
  • pastime:休閒活動
  • roda:Capoeira 中由參與者圍成的大圓圈
  • opponent:對手
  • unpredictable:難以預測的
  • escape move:閃避動作
  • slave:奴隸
  • origins:起源
  • universal appeal:普遍的吸引力、廣泛受到喜愛
  • cardio workout:心肺訓練
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第 37 題2 分

IV. Reading Comprehension: Please choose the BEST answer for each question.

Reading B

【題組共用題幹】

Capoeira was invented hundreds of years ago in Brazil. It combines dance and music with martial arts and gymnastics, and it is part of what defines Brazilian culture. Nowadays, an increasing number of men and women in many countries are discovering this pastime that exercises the brain as much as it does the body.

Before a Capoeira jogo, or game, Capoeira players and musicians get together in a large circle called a roda. A game starts when two players meet in the middle of the roda and begin a series of movements. Capoeira is similar to martial arts such as karate and judo because players practice different kinds of attacks and ways to defend themselves. One player displays part of an attack move but doesn't complete it; the other player pretends to block the attack but then gets out of the way instead. Players try to be unpredictable so that their opponents quickly have to decide on an escape move. In the jogo, the two players sweep their legs over one another, crouch down low, jump, stand on their hands or even their heads—and they do it all in time to music!

Capoeira always includes musicians who decide whether the game will be slow- or fast-paced. They play traditional African musical instruments, including various drums and the berimbau, a one-stringed instrument that is hit with a stick. These instruments reflect and preserve the origins of Capoeira, which was invented by slaves brought to Brazil from Africa. There is no written history explaining why Capoeira was invented, but it is said that Capoeira games were a way for slaves, who came from many different cultures, to interact with each other. Capoeira was probably an enjoyable change from their hard work, and it might have been a way for slaves to become excellent fighters without their masters knowing about it.

Today, Capoeira’s universal appeal can be seen in many places. In the movie The Matrix, the character Morpheus uses Capoeira moves in a fight. There is even a Pokemon character named Kapoera that spins on its head like a Capoeira player. And Bally Total Fitness, a chain of exercise facilities, recently announced a class that combines a cardio workout with martial arts and dance. You guessed it—it’s Capoeira!

Who invented Capoeira?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「人物/來源定位」。解題關鍵是找出文章直接回答「誰發明 Capoeira」的句子,再將人物與選項配對。

文章第三段明確指出,Capoeira 是由從非洲被帶到巴西的奴隸所發明。因此答案為 slaves。

解題方法

先抓題目關鍵字 Who invented Capoeira?:

  • Who:詢問人物或群體。
  • invented:發明、創造。
  • Capoeira:文章主題,一種結合舞蹈、音樂、武術與體操的巴西文化活動。

回到文章尋找 invented 的相關句子:

“These instruments reflect and preserve the origins of Capoeira, which was invented by slaves brought to Brazil from Africa.”

翻譯:

「這些樂器反映並保存了 Capoeira 的起源;Capoeira 是由從非洲被帶到巴西的奴隸所發明的。」

其中關係代名詞 which 指的是前面的 Capoeira,而被動語態 was invented by slaves 表示「由奴隸所發明」。因此選項 (D) Slaves 與原文完全相符。

關鍵單字與片語

  • invent:發明、創造
  • be invented by:由……發明
  • slave:奴隸
  • bring A to B:把 A 帶到 B
  • brought to Brazil from Africa:從非洲被帶到巴西
  • origin:起源
  • preserve:保存、維護
  • martial arts:武術
  • gymnastics:體操
  • pastime:休閒活動、嗜好
  • opponent:對手
  • instrument:樂器、器具

文法與語意重點

句子中的:

“Capoeira ... was invented by slaves ...”

是被動語態:

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第 38 題2 分

IV. Reading Comprehension: Please choose the BEST answer for each question.

Reading B

【題組共用題幹】

Capoeira was invented hundreds of years ago in Brazil. It combines dance and music with martial arts and gymnastics, and it is part of what defines Brazilian culture. Nowadays, an increasing number of men and women in many countries are discovering this pastime that exercises the brain as much as it does the body.

Before a Capoeira jogo, or game, Capoeira players and musicians get together in a large circle called a roda. A game starts when two players meet in the middle of the roda and begin a series of movements. Capoeira is similar to martial arts such as karate and judo because players practice different kinds of attacks and ways to defend themselves. One player displays part of an attack move but doesn't complete it; the other player pretends to block the attack but then gets out of the way instead. Players try to be unpredictable so that their opponents quickly have to decide on an escape move. In the jogo, the two players sweep their legs over one another, crouch down low, jump, stand on their hands or even their heads—and they do it all in time to music!

Capoeira always includes musicians who decide whether the game will be slow- or fast-paced. They play traditional African musical instruments, including various drums and the berimbau, a one-stringed instrument that is hit with a stick. These instruments reflect and preserve the origins of Capoeira, which was invented by slaves brought to Brazil from Africa. There is no written history explaining why Capoeira was invented, but it is said that Capoeira games were a way for slaves, who came from many different cultures, to interact with each other. Capoeira was probably an enjoyable change from their hard work, and it might have been a way for slaves to become excellent fighters without their masters knowing about it.

Today, Capoeira’s universal appeal can be seen in many places. In the movie The Matrix, the character Morpheus uses Capoeira moves in a fight. There is even a Pokemon character named Kapoera that spins on its head like a Capoeira player. And Bally Total Fitness, a chain of exercise facilities, recently announced a class that combines a cardio workout with martial arts and dance. You guessed it—it’s Capoeira!

What is NOT included in Capoeira?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節辨識」:找出文章明確提及的內容,再判斷哪一項未出現在 Capoeira 的介紹中。

文章第一段直接說明:

“It combines dance and music with martial arts and gymnastics...”
「它將舞蹈與音樂結合武術和體操。」

因此,文章明確列出:

  • music:音樂
  • martial arts:武術
  • gymnastics:體操

全文沒有提到 poetry(詩歌),故答案為 A。

解題方法

題目問:

What is NOT included in Capoeira?
Capoeira 沒有包含下列哪一項?

解題時先抓否定字 NOT,再回到文章找各選項是否被提及。文章開頭的句子已經概括 Capoeira 的主要元素:

“It combines dance and music with martial arts and gymnastics...”
「它將舞蹈、音樂、武術與體操結合在一起。」

將這句與選項逐一比對即可:

  • music 對應 music
  • martial arts 對應 martial arts
  • gymnastics 對應 gymnastics
  • poetry 未出現

所以未包含在文章所述 Capoeira 內容中的項目是 poetry。

定位句與語意分析

關鍵句中的 combine A with B 意為「把 A 和 B 結合起來」。句型為:

combine + 名詞 A + with + 名詞 B

本句的 It 指 Capoeira;dance and music 與 martial arts and gymnastics 都是被結合的元素。

文章後文也再次提到音樂與武術:

“Capoeira always includes musicians...”
「Capoeira 一定包含音樂家。」

以及:

“a class that combines a cardio workout with martial arts and dance”
「一種將心肺訓練與武術、舞蹈結合的課程。」

這些內容都支持 music 與 martial arts 是 Capoeira 的重要組成部分。

選項分析

(A) poetry 詩歌——正確答案

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第 39 題2 分

IV. Reading Comprehension: Please choose the BEST answer for each question.

Reading B

【題組共用題幹】

Capoeira was invented hundreds of years ago in Brazil. It combines dance and music with martial arts and gymnastics, and it is part of what defines Brazilian culture. Nowadays, an increasing number of men and women in many countries are discovering this pastime that exercises the brain as much as it does the body.

Before a Capoeira jogo, or game, Capoeira players and musicians get together in a large circle called a roda. A game starts when two players meet in the middle of the roda and begin a series of movements. Capoeira is similar to martial arts such as karate and judo because players practice different kinds of attacks and ways to defend themselves. One player displays part of an attack move but doesn't complete it; the other player pretends to block the attack but then gets out of the way instead. Players try to be unpredictable so that their opponents quickly have to decide on an escape move. In the jogo, the two players sweep their legs over one another, crouch down low, jump, stand on their hands or even their heads—and they do it all in time to music!

Capoeira always includes musicians who decide whether the game will be slow- or fast-paced. They play traditional African musical instruments, including various drums and the berimbau, a one-stringed instrument that is hit with a stick. These instruments reflect and preserve the origins of Capoeira, which was invented by slaves brought to Brazil from Africa. There is no written history explaining why Capoeira was invented, but it is said that Capoeira games were a way for slaves, who came from many different cultures, to interact with each other. Capoeira was probably an enjoyable change from their hard work, and it might have been a way for slaves to become excellent fighters without their masters knowing about it.

Today, Capoeira’s universal appeal can be seen in many places. In the movie The Matrix, the character Morpheus uses Capoeira moves in a fight. There is even a Pokemon character named Kapoera that spins on its head like a Capoeira player. And Bally Total Fitness, a chain of exercise facilities, recently announced a class that combines a cardio workout with martial arts and dance. You guessed it—it’s Capoeira!

Today Capoeira is NOT __________.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「文章主旨與細節判讀」。解題關鍵是確認文章如何描述 Capoeira 的性質,再判斷哪一個選項不符合文章內容。

文章明確指出,Capoeira:

  • 結合舞蹈、音樂、武術與體操。
  • 能鍛鍊身體,也能鍛鍊大腦。
  • 是一種休閒活動與運動形式。
  • 源自巴西文化,並帶有武術攻防動作。

題目問的是:

Today Capoeira is NOT ________.

意思是「現今的 Capoeira 不是以下哪一項?」


解題方法

先找文章中對 Capoeira 的直接描述:

It combines dance and music with martial arts and gymnastics, and it is part of what defines Brazilian culture.

翻譯為:

「它將舞蹈與音樂結合武術和體操,也是構成巴西文化特色的一部分。」

由此可知,文章明確將 Capoeira 與以下概念連結:

  • dance:舞蹈
  • martial arts:武術
  • gymnastics:體操
  • exercise:運動、鍛鍊

文章並未提到 Capoeira 是治療疾病的醫療方法。雖然 Capoeira 能鍛鍊身體,但「運動」與「醫療治療」是不同概念,因此不符合文章內容的是 medical treatment。


定位答案的原文

文章第一段指出:

Nowadays, an increasing number of men and women in many countries are discovering this pastime that exercises the brain as much as it does the body.

翻譯為:

「如今,越來越多國家的男性與女性開始接觸這項休閒活動;它對大腦的鍛鍊程度和對身體的鍛鍊一樣。」

這句支持 Capoeira 是一種能鍛鍊身體的活動,也就是一種 form of exercise。

同一段又指出:

It combines dance and music with martial arts and gymnastics.

翻譯為:

「它將舞蹈與音樂結合武術和體操。」

這句直接支持 dance 與 martial art 兩個選項。

全文沒有將 Capoeira 定義為醫療處置、疾病治療或復健療法,因此答案為 medical treatment。


選項分析

(A) a form of exercise

正確。文章第一段說 Capoeira 能同時鍛鍊大腦與身體:

exercises the brain as much as it does the body

此外,最後一段提到 Bally Total Fitness 開設結合有氧運動、武術與舞蹈的 Capoeira 課程:

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第 40 題2 分

IV. Reading Comprehension: Please choose the BEST answer for each question.

Reading B

【題組共用題幹】

Capoeira was invented hundreds of years ago in Brazil. It combines dance and music with martial arts and gymnastics, and it is part of what defines Brazilian culture. Nowadays, an increasing number of men and women in many countries are discovering this pastime that exercises the brain as much as it does the body.

Before a Capoeira jogo, or game, Capoeira players and musicians get together in a large circle called a roda. A game starts when two players meet in the middle of the roda and begin a series of movements. Capoeira is similar to martial arts such as karate and judo because players practice different kinds of attacks and ways to defend themselves. One player displays part of an attack move but doesn't complete it; the other player pretends to block the attack but then gets out of the way instead. Players try to be unpredictable so that their opponents quickly have to decide on an escape move. In the jogo, the two players sweep their legs over one another, crouch down low, jump, stand on their hands or even their heads—and they do it all in time to music!

Capoeira always includes musicians who decide whether the game will be slow- or fast-paced. They play traditional African musical instruments, including various drums and the berimbau, a one-stringed instrument that is hit with a stick. These instruments reflect and preserve the origins of Capoeira, which was invented by slaves brought to Brazil from Africa. There is no written history explaining why Capoeira was invented, but it is said that Capoeira games were a way for slaves, who came from many different cultures, to interact with each other. Capoeira was probably an enjoyable change from their hard work, and it might have been a way for slaves to become excellent fighters without their masters knowing about it.

Today, Capoeira’s universal appeal can be seen in many places. In the movie The Matrix, the character Morpheus uses Capoeira moves in a fight. There is even a Pokemon character named Kapoera that spins on its head like a Capoeira player. And Bally Total Fitness, a chain of exercise facilities, recently announced a class that combines a cardio workout with martial arts and dance. You guessed it—it’s Capoeira!

Which is NOT true about Capoeira?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為標準的細節否定題(Negative Detail Question / NOT True),評量考生在長篇文章中精準定位事實細節、辨析文章訊息與選項陳述是否吻合的能力。解答此類題型的核心在於:從文章中逐一找出各選項的直接佐證句,並辨別選項中出現的**無中生有(Not Mentioned)或與原文矛盾(Contradictory)**之處。


解題方法

  1. 抓取題幹關鍵字與題型定位:
    題幹問「Which is NOT true about Capoeira?」,要求選出關於卡波耶拉(Capoeira)的錯誤敘述。
  2. 回文掃描與選項比對:
  • (A) 掃描第一段開頭定位時間點:「Capoeira was invented hundreds of years ago in Brazil.」
  • (B) 掃描第二段與第三段關於音樂的描述:「and they do it all in time to music!」以及「Capoeira always includes musicians...」
  • (C) 掃描第二段有關對決人數的描述:「A game starts when two players meet in the middle of the roda...」「In the jogo, the two players sweep their legs over one another...」
  • (D) 掃描第四段關於現代普及度的描述:「Today, Capoeira’s universal appeal can be seen in many places.」
  1. 辨識錯誤選項:
    文章明確提到每次對決是**兩名選手(two players)**在眾人圍成的大圈(roda)中進行,從未提及「一律由十人組隊進行(teams of 10 people)」,此為典型的「憑空捏造且帶有極端字眼(always)」的錯誤選項。

選項分析

  • (A) It was invented hundreds of years ago.(它是在數百年前被發明的。)—— 正確陳述,不可選
  • 原文定位(第 1 段第 1 句):

"Capoeira was invented hundreds of years ago in Brazil."
(中譯:卡波耶拉是數百年前在巴西發明的。)

  • 說明:與原文完全一致,屬真實細節。

  • (B) It is played with music.(它伴隨著音樂進行。)—— 正確陳述,不可選

  • 原文定位(第 2 段末句 & 第 3 段第 1 句):

"...and they do it all in time to music!"
(中譯:……而且這一切都是合著音樂節拍進行的!)
"Capoeira always includes musicians who decide whether the game will be slow- or fast-paced."
(中譯:卡波耶拉總是包含音樂演奏者,由他們決定比賽節奏的快慢。)

  • 說明:音樂是卡波耶拉的核心要素,與原文相符。
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第 作文題 題20 分

二、作文題

Directions: Read carefully the below passage about the issue of long-term care in Taiwan. Then write a well-organized short essay of approximately 300 words in English as your response to this passage.

In April this year, Taiwan passed the threshold to officially become an aged society, with more than 14% of the population older than 65. That trend is set to accelerate over the next decade. By 2026, 21% of the population will be senior citizens, making Taiwan a hyper-aged society. While the government has tried to boost the fertility rate, those efforts have largely fallen flat. Taiwan’s birth rate of 1.13 is the third-lowest in the world, down from nearly 1.8 at the turn of the 21st century. Given the growing number of the elderly and the low replacement rate—which means fewer young people to help look after their aged family members—the government has felt the need to develop a robust long-term care plan. Currently Taiwan is in the second stage of an ambitious two-decade program.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題不是單純翻譯,而是「引導式英文作文」。題幹提供台灣人口老化、少子化與長期照護需求上升的背景,要求考生以約 300 字英文提出有組織的回應。

寫作核心包括:

  1. 說明台灣面臨的問題:人口老化、出生率低、青壯年人口減少。
  2. 分析長期照護的重要性與困難。
  3. 提出具體可行的解決方案。
  4. 說明政府、家庭、社區與社會應共同負責。
  5. 以清楚的段落與連貫的邏輯完成短文。

本題適合採用「問題—原因—解決方案—結論」的議論文架構。


題幹重點定位與翻譯

1. 台灣已進入高齡社會

Taiwan passed the threshold to officially become an aged society, with more than 14% of the population older than 65.

台灣已跨過正式成為高齡社會的門檻,人口中有超過 14% 年滿 65 歲。

其中:

  • pass the threshold:跨過門檻
  • officially become:正式成為
  • an aged society:高齡社會
  • with + 名詞 + 補語:表示「伴隨著……」
  • older than 65:年齡超過 65 歲

2. 高齡化速度將加快

That trend is set to accelerate over the next decade.

這項趨勢預計將在未來十年加速。

  • be set to + 原形動詞:預計、即將……
  • accelerate:加速
  • over the next decade:在未來十年期間

3. 台灣將成為超高齡社會

By 2026, 21% of the population will be senior citizens, making Taiwan a hyper-aged society.

到了 2026 年,21% 的人口將是老年人,使台灣成為超高齡社會。

  • By 2026:截至 2026 年、到了 2026 年
  • senior citizens:老年人
  • making Taiwan a hyper-aged society:現在分詞片語,表示前面情況造成的結果

4. 鼓勵生育的政策成效不佳

While the government has tried to boost the fertility rate, those efforts have largely fallen flat.

雖然政府一直嘗試提高生育率,但這些努力大致上沒有成效。

  • While:雖然;引導讓步副詞子句
  • boost:提升、促進
  • fertility rate:生育率
  • fall flat:沒有達到預期效果、失敗
  • have largely fallen flat:現在完成式,表示過去的努力至今仍未產生顯著成果

5. 少子化使照顧長者更加困難

Given the growing number of the elderly and the low replacement rate—which means fewer young people to help look after their aged family members—the government has felt the need to develop a robust long-term care plan.

鑑於老年人口持續增加,加上人口替代率偏低——這表示能協助照顧年長家人的年輕人變少——政府已感受到制定健全長期照護計畫的必要性。

  • Given + 名詞:鑑於、考量到
  • the elderly:老年人,the + 形容詞 可表示某一類人
  • replacement rate:人口替代率
  • look after:照顧
  • feel the need to + 原形動詞:感受到有必要……
  • robust:健全而有力的、完善的
  • long-term care:長期照護

破折號中的 which means... 是補充說明,解釋低人口替代率所造成的結果。


關鍵單字與片語

英文中文意義
aged society高齡社會
hyper-aged society超高齡社會
population人口
senior citizen老年人
demographic trend人口趨勢
fertility rate生育率
birth rate出生率
replacement rate人口替代率
elderly people老年人
long-term care長期照護
family caregiver家庭照顧者
nursing home養老院、護理之家
home-based care居家照護
community care社區照護
public funding公共資金
social welfare社會福利
financial burden經濟負擔
medical resources醫療資源
boost提升、促進
accelerate加速
fall flat未奏效
look after照顧
cope with應付、處理
ease the burden減輕負擔
ensure確保
promote促進
provide提供

文法與語意重點

1. 「人口老化」與「少子化」的因果關係

作文中應清楚建立以下邏輯:

fewer young people → fewer family caregivers → greater demand for long-term care

年輕人口減少,家庭照顧者便減少,社會對長期照護的需求因此增加。

可使用:

  • As the number of young people declines, ...
  • Because of the low birth rate, ...
  • This places a heavier burden on families.
  • Therefore, the government must ...

2. the elderly 的用法

the elderly 指「老年人這個群體」,後面通常搭配複數概念:

  • The elderly need better medical services.
  • The government should protect the elderly.

若指單一個人,使用:

  • an elderly person
  • an older adult

3. not only A but also B

提出兩項以上政策時,可使用平行結構:

The government should provide not only financial assistance but also professional care services.

financial assistance 與 professional care services 都是名詞片語,結構保持一致。

4. should 與 need to

作文提出建議時,宜使用明確的情態動詞:

  • The government should expand community care centers.
  • Families need to receive more support.
  • Society must respect the dignity of older adults.

5. 避免只列舉政策,必須說明效果

不宜只寫:

The government should provide money, build nursing homes, and train caregivers.

應補上目的與結果:

The government should provide financial assistance, build more nursing homes, and train professional caregivers so that older adults can receive safe and dignified care.


解題方法

第一步:抓出題幹主題

主題是:

Taiwan’s aging population and the need for long-term care

中文可整理為「台灣人口老化與長期照護需求」。

第二步:列出問題的原因

至少寫出兩項:

  • 出生率低。
  • 年輕人口減少。
  • 老年人口增加。
  • 家庭照顧能力下降。
  • 照顧者承受沉重的時間與經濟壓力。

第三步:提出具體方案

可分成四個層面:

  1. 政府:增加長照預算、建立社區照護中心。
  2. 醫療:提供居家醫療、復健與預防保健。
  3. 家庭:提供照顧者休息服務與經濟補助。
  4. 社會:培訓專業照顧人員,改善高齡者的社會參與。

第四步:安排四段式結構

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其他考古題

108 年義守大學的其他科目

義守大學《英文》其他年度

其他學校的《英文》