義守大學 104 年 《英文》

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第 1 題2 分

It took a long time for doctors to _________ what Felicia was allergic to, but they finally figured out that it was her lipstick.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「動詞的語意辨析」與句型搭配。

句型為:

It took a long time for doctors to V what Felicia was allergic to, but they finally figured out that it was her lipstick.

其中:

  • It took a long time for + 人 + to + 原形動詞
    表示「某人花了很長時間做某事」。
  • what Felicia was allergic to
    表示「Felicia 對什麼東西過敏」。
  • figure out
    表示「查明、弄清楚」。

醫生花了很久,最後才查明 Felicia 的過敏來源是口紅,因此空格需要填入與「診斷、判定病症或病因」有關的動詞。

解題方法

定位關鍵語意:

doctors to _________ what Felicia was allergic to
醫生要________ Felicia 對什麼東西過敏

後半句:

they finally figured out that it was her lipstick.
他們最後查明過敏原是她的口紅。

前後文描述醫生透過診療來判定過敏原因,最符合的動詞是 diagnose,意為「診斷、判定疾病或健康問題」。

完整句意為:

醫生花了很長時間才診斷出 Felicia 對什麼東西過敏,但他們最後查明過敏原是她的口紅。

選項分析

(A) forecast 預測、預報

forecast 通常用於預測天氣、經濟趨勢或未來事件,例如:

  • forecast the weather 預報天氣
  • forecast economic growth 預測經濟成長

本句是在說醫生判定病人的過敏狀況,並非預測未來,因此不合語意。

(B) preserve 保存、保護、維持

preserve 表示使某物維持原狀或避免損壞,例如:

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第 2 題2 分

The students in history class noticed a _________ odor coming from the science lab across the hall. It smelled like a mixture of rotten eggs and gasoline.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 形容詞的詞義辨析。
  2. 根據上下文判斷最符合語意的單字。
  3. 形容詞修飾名詞的用法。

空格位於名詞 odor 前面,因此需要填入能描述「氣味」的形容詞。題幹又指出這種氣味聞起來像「腐爛雞蛋和汽油的混合味」,可知該氣味十分特殊、怪異。


解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句是:

It smelled like a mixture of rotten eggs and gasoline.
它聞起來像腐爛雞蛋和汽油的混合氣味。

「腐爛雞蛋」與「汽油」的味道混合在一起,並不是一般、尋常的氣味,因此前一句的空格應填入表示「奇特的、古怪的、異常的」之意的 peculiar。

完整句意為:

The students in history class noticed a peculiar odor coming from the science lab across the hall.
歷史課的學生注意到,對面科學實驗室傳來一股奇怪的氣味。

其中 peculiar odor 表示「奇怪的氣味」或「異常的氣味」。


選項分析

(A) suitable:適合的、恰當的

  • suitable 表示某事物符合特定目的、條件或需求。
  • 常見搭配如 suitable for children(適合兒童)、suitable clothes(合適的衣服)。
  • suitable odor 可勉強形成文法上的名詞片語,但「適合的氣味」與題幹描述的腐爛雞蛋和汽油味不合語意,因此錯誤。

(B) humane:仁慈的、人道的

  • humane 通常用來形容對待人或動物的方式,表示「仁慈的、人道的」。
  • 例如 humane treatment of animals(人道地對待動物)。
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第 3 題2 分

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) _________ in ancient China and has evolved over thousands of years.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「核心動詞語意」與「動詞與介系詞的搭配用法(Collocation)」。題幹敘述傳統中醫學(TCM)的歷史起源與演進,句型為對等連接詞 and 連接兩個對稱動詞片語:前半句描述歷史起源,後半句 has evolved over thousands of years 描述歷經數千年的演變。考生須掌握及物與不及物動詞的用法差異,特別是表示「起源於」的常見動詞搭配。


解題方法

  1. 分析句子結構與語境:
  • 題幹:「Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) _________ in ancient China and has evolved over thousands of years.」
  • 原文翻譯:「傳統中醫學(TCM)發源於古代中國,且歷經數千年的演化發展。」
  • 主詞為 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),空格需填入過去式動詞,與後方的介系詞片語 in ancient China 連用,並與後半句的 has evolved 在語意上形成「發源 →\rightarrow 發展演變」的時序邏輯。
  1. 鎖定文法搭配與動詞特性:
  • 空格後方緊接介系詞 in,提示此處應選可用作不及物動詞(vi.)且語意與「地理發源地」契合的字詞。
  • originate 常作不及物動詞,常見搭配為:
  • originate in + 地點/時代(發源於……)
  • originate from / with + 起源/人(源自於……)
  • 因此,選入 originated 既符合文意「中醫起源於古代中國」,亦符合介系詞 in 的正確搭配。

選項分析

  • (A) opposed:
  • 字義:反對、對抗(及物動詞 oppose 的過去式)。
  • 錯誤原因:若作及物動詞,其後應直接接受詞(如 oppose a policy);
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第 4 題2 分

Acupuncture is generally considered safe when performed by an experienced practitioner using _________ needles.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「醫學常識與語境字彙(Medical Context & Vocabulary)」。在學士後中醫的英文試題中,常出現針灸、中醫臨床或醫療處置相關的實務語境。題幹強調針灸的「安全性(safe)」,依據現代臨床侵入性醫療操作常規,確保安全最關鍵的前提即為使用「無菌的(sterile)」器材,以避免細菌或病毒感染。


題幹解析與中文翻譯

  • 原文:
    "Acupuncture is generally considered safe when performed by an experienced practitioner using _________ needles."
  • 結構分析:
    主句為「Acupuncture is generally considered safe」,後方由連接詞「when」引導分詞構句「when (it is) performed by... using...」,其中「using _________ needles」為現在分詞片語作方式修飾語。空格需填入一修飾名詞 needles(針)的形容詞,且該特質必須呼應前文的「safe(安全的)」。
  • 中譯:
    「由經驗豐富的從業人員使用無菌的針具進行針灸時,通常被認為是安全的。」

解題方法

  1. 抓取核心邏輯對應:
    題幹關鍵字為 safe(安全的)與 needles(針具)。破皮侵入人體的針具,要達到「safe」的醫療標準,必定須具備「無菌、經消毒」之特性。
  2. 形近字與反義字辨析:
    選項 (A) fertile 與 (B) sterile 為後中醫英文高頻出現的對比反義字組(肥沃/受孕 ↔\leftrightarrow 貧瘠/不孕/無菌),此題考查考生對字首、字根與醫學延伸義的掌握。

選項分析

  • (A) fertile(形容詞)
  • 字義:肥沃的、能生育的、受孕力強的。
  • 說明:與「needle」搭配語意完全不合,無法修飾醫療器械。
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第 5 題2 分

Herbal medicines used in TCM are sometimes marketed in the United States as _________ supplements.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念
本題考查醫藥衛生領域常見的「固定搭配詞(Collocation)」與「專業詞彙辨析」。
在美國法規與醫藥衛生體系(特別是美國食品藥物管理局 FDA 的規範)中,「膳食補充劑/營養補充品」具有法定的專有名詞用法為 dietary supplement。此外,題幹涉及中醫藥(TCM, Traditional Chinese Medicine)在西方國家的市場定位,屬於學士後中醫考試中極具代表性的醫療文化與醫藥法規英文背景知識。


解題方法

  1. 題幹結構與句意定位:
  • 原文:Herbal medicines used in TCM are sometimes marketed in the United States as _________ supplements.
  • 中譯:中醫所使用的草藥有時在美國被以「_________ 補充劑」的形式進行銷售。
  1. 語意與搭配詞鎖定:
  • 空格處為形容詞,用來修飾名詞 supplements(補充劑/營養補充品)。
  • 根據美國《膳食補充劑健康與教育法》(DSHEA, 1994)規定,中草藥在美國通常不以「藥品(drugs)」審批上市,而是歸類為「膳食補充品/保健食品(dietary supplements)」。
  • 因此,dietary 與 supplements 形成最標準且通用的固定搭配。

選項分析

  • (A) diehard(形容詞/名詞):
  • 字義:死硬的、頑固不化的;頑固分子。
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第 6 題2 分

We finally _________ a solution to the problem!

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「動詞片語的語意辨析」,關鍵在於判斷句中動作與受詞 a solution to the problem 的搭配。

題幹:

We finally _________ a solution to the problem!
我們終於想出這個問題的解決方法了!

其中 finally 表示「終於」,暗示經過思考、討論或努力後,成功提出解決方案。因此最適合的片語是 come up with,意為「想出、提出」。

解題方法

先觀察句型:

主詞 + _________ + a solution

需要填入一個可以直接接受詞、且語意為「提出解決方法」的動詞片語。

come up with + 想法/答案/計畫/解決方案

是固定搭配,表示「想出或提出某種抽象事物」。因此:

We finally came up with a solution to the problem.
我們終於想出了解決這個問題的方法。

由於主詞為 We,且句子描述已經完成的事件,使用過去式 came。

選項分析

(A) in line with

in line with 是介系詞片語,意為「符合、與……一致」。

例如:

His decision is in line with the company’s policy.
他的決定符合公司的政策。

本片語本身不是動詞,不能直接放在 We finally 後面形成完整句子;而且「符合一個解決方法」也不符合題意。因此錯誤。

(B) came up with

come up with 意為「想出、提出」,過去式為 came up with,可接:

  • an idea:一個想法
  • an answer:一個答案
  • a plan:一個計畫
  • a solution:一個解決方法

題幹中的 a solution to the problem 正是典型搭配,且與 finally 所表達的「經過一番努力後終於提出」完全吻合,因此正確。

(C) caught up with

catch up with 意為:

  1. 「追上」某人或某物
  2. 「趕上」進度
  3. 「對……產生後果」

例如:

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第 7 題2 分

I don’t know where Nina is. I must _________ her.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「動詞片語(phrasal verbs)」的詞義辨析。四個選項皆由 look 搭配不同介系詞或副詞組成,但意思完全不同,必須依照上下文判斷。

題幹關鍵句為:

I don’t know where Nina is. I must _________ her.
我不知道 Nina 在哪裡。我一定得 _________ 她。

前句表示說話者不知道 Nina 的所在位置,因此後句應表達「尋找她」的意思。

解題方法

先抓住語意線索:

  • I don’t know where Nina is. 表示「不知道 Nina 在哪裡」。
  • 接續的動作應是「去找 Nina」。
  • 「尋找某人」的英文是 look for + 人/物。

因此句子應為:

I must look for her.
我一定得去找她。

look for 後面可直接接受詞 her,文法與語意皆正確。

選項分析

(A) look up to

look up to 意為「尊敬、敬仰」。

例如:

Many students look up to their teacher.
許多學生都很尊敬他們的老師。

代入題目後:

I must look up to her.
我一定得尊敬她。

此句雖然文法上成立,但與前句「不知道 Nina 在哪裡」沒有合理的語意銜接;題目需要的是「找人」,不是「尊敬某人」,因此錯誤。

(B) look for

look for 意為「尋找、找」。

例如:

I am looking for my keys.
我正在找我的鑰匙。

代入題目後:

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第 8 題2 分

People in Nepal continue to face severe food _________.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「語意判斷」與常見搭配詞。句型為:

People in Nepal continue to face severe food _________.

其中:

  • face:面臨、遭遇
  • severe:嚴重的
  • food shortages:食物短缺、糧食不足

句意需要一個能表示「糧食不足問題」的名詞,且能與 food 形成自然搭配。

題幹定位與翻譯

People in Nepal continue to face severe food shortages.

翻譯為:

尼泊爾人民持續面臨嚴重的糧食短缺。

解題方法

先觀察空格前的 severe food。形容詞 severe 通常修飾疾病、問題、危機或短缺等表示負面狀況的名詞;而 face 後面也常接困難、危機、問題等名詞。

因此,空格應填入表示「短缺、不足」的名詞。shortages 正好符合句意,且 food shortages 是常見搭配,表示「糧食短缺」。

選項分析

  • (A) shortages

shortage 意為「短缺、不足」,複數 shortages 可表示各種物資短缺或整體性的供應不足。

food shortages 是自然且常見的搭配,意思是「糧食短缺」,與 severe 和 face 的語意均相符,因此為正確答案。

  • (B) components
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第 9 題2 分

_________ too much junk food could have a significant impact on one’s health.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「動名詞片語作主詞」以及動詞的語意搭配。

題幹結構為:

_________ too much junk food could have a significant impact on one’s health.
吃太多垃圾食物,可能會對一個人的健康造成重大影響。

句首空格需要填入一個動名詞,形成完整的主詞:

Consuming too much junk food could have a significant impact on one’s health.

其中:

  • consuming:吃、攝取;動詞 consume 的動名詞形式。
  • too much junk food:太多垃圾食物。junk food 通常視為不可數名詞,因此使用 too much。
  • could have:可能會有、可能造成。
  • a significant impact on:對……有重大影響。
  • one’s health:某人的健康。

解題方法

先判斷句子主詞。空格位於句首,後面接著主要動詞 could have,因此空格應填入能作主詞的動名詞片語。

再根據語意判斷:

_________ too much junk food
_________ 太多垃圾食物

能與「太多垃圾食物」自然搭配、表達健康風險來源的動作是「吃、攝取」,因此選用 consuming。

完整句意為:

Consuming too much junk food could have a significant impact on one’s health.
吃太多垃圾食物可能會對一個人的健康造成重大影響。

選項分析

(A) Contributing

contribute 意為「貢獻、促成、造成;捐獻」。
contributing too much junk food 直譯為「貢獻/提供太多垃圾食物」,通常表示把垃圾食物提供給別人,並不是「吃太多垃圾食物」。

若要表達「垃圾食物促成健康問題」,可說:

Junk food could contribute to health problems.

但在本題中,主詞是「某人吃太多垃圾食物」這個行為,因此 contributing 不合乎語意。錯誤。

(B) Consuming

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第 10 題2 分

I don’t drink coffee at all because I know that once I try it, I will be _________ it.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「固定搭配」與上下文語意判斷。

句型為:

be addicted to + 名詞/動名詞

意思是「對……上癮、沉迷於……」。其中:

  • addicted:上癮的、成癮的
  • to:介系詞,後面接名詞或動名詞
  • be addicted to coffee:對咖啡上癮

題幹中的 once 表示「一旦……就……」,形成:

once + 過去式,主詞 + will + 原形動詞

因此,句意是在說:「我完全不喝咖啡,因為我知道自己一旦嘗試,就會對它上癮。」

解題方法

先觀察空格前後的結構:

I will be _________ it.

空格前有 be,空格後有代名詞 it,因此空格應填入能與 be 及 it 搭配的形容詞片語。

再根據語意判斷:

I don’t drink coffee at all because I know that once I try it, I will be _________ it.

前句說「完全不喝咖啡」,後句說明原因。最合理的原因是「一旦嘗試就會上癮」,因此填入 addicted to:

I will be addicted to it.

完整句子為:

I don’t drink coffee at all because I know that once I try it, I will be addicted to it.

翻譯:

我完全不喝咖啡,因為我知道自己一旦嘗試,就會對它上癮。

題幹中定位答案的關鍵句是:

once I try it, I will be _________ it.

其中「一旦嘗試」與「完全不喝」共同暗示說話者擔心產生依賴,因此答案是 addicted to。

選項分析

(A) superior to

  • superior to:優於、勝過
  • 例句:This product is superior to that one.
    這項產品優於那一項。
  • 填入後為:

I will be superior to it.

意思是「我會優於它」,語意上不是「喝了咖啡後會依賴咖啡」,與前句不合,因此錯誤。

(B) qualified for

  • qualified for:具備資格做……、符合……資格
  • 例句:She is qualified for the position.
    她符合這個職位的資格。
  • 填入後為:
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第 11 題2 分

_________ Mr. Pennington retires, he will receive an annual pension of more than fifty thousand dollars for Packard Inc.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「時間副詞子句」與連接詞的用法。

句型為:

Once + 主詞 + 現在式動詞,主詞 + will + 原形動詞

當主句談未來時,表示時間的副詞子句通常使用現在簡單式,不使用 will。once 在此作從屬連接詞,意為「一旦……就……」「當……之後」。


解題方法

題幹句子為:

_________ Mr. Pennington retires, he will receive an annual pension of more than fifty thousand dollars for Packard Inc.

翻譯:

一旦 Pennington 先生退休,他每年將從 Packard 公司領取超過五萬美元的退休金。

空格後已有完整子句:

Mr. Pennington retires
Pennington 先生退休

因此空格需要填入能引導時間副詞子句的連接詞。

主句為:

he will receive an annual pension...

使用 will receive 表示未來結果;前面的時間子句則使用現在式 retires,符合未來時間副詞子句的文法規則。

填入 Once 後:

Once Mr. Pennington retires, he will receive an annual pension of more than fifty thousand dollars for Packard Inc.

語意為:

一旦 Pennington 先生退休,他將每年從 Packard 公司領取超過五萬美元的退休金。


選項分析

(A) Often

often 是頻率副詞,意為「常常」,用來修飾動詞或整個句子,不能直接引導完整的時間副詞子句。

錯誤句:

Often Mr. Pennington retires, ...

此句會變成「Pennington 先生常常退休」,語意不合理,且 often 不是此處所需的從屬連接詞。


(B) Once

once 可作從屬連接詞,意為「一旦……就……」「當……之後」。

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第 12 題2 分

_________ how difficult the situation may seem, it is very important to remember that there are others who are in worse situations.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「讓步副詞子句」的固定句型:

no matter + 疑問詞/how + 形容詞或副詞 + S + V

其中 no matter how + 形容詞/副詞 表示「不論多麼……、無論……到什麼程度」。

題幹中的:

No matter how difficult the situation may seem

意思是「不論情況看起來多麼困難」。

完整句意為:

No matter how difficult the situation may seem, it is very important to remember that there are others who are in worse situations.
不論情況看起來多麼困難,記住仍有其他人處於更糟的情況,這一點非常重要。


解題方法

空格後接:

how difficult the situation may seem

這是一個由 how + 形容詞 + 主詞 + 動詞 組成的程度結構,表示「情況看起來有多麼困難」。

句首需要一個能表達「不論程度如何」的讓步連接語,因此應選:

No matter how difficult ...

句型拆解如下:

  • no matter how:不論多麼……
  • difficult:困難的
  • the situation:這個情況
  • may seem:可能看起來……

後面的主要子句:

it is very important to remember ...

表示「記住……是非常重要的」,與前面的讓步子句形成完整語意:

「即使情況看起來很困難,仍然要記得有人處於更糟的處境。」


選項分析

(A) As if

as if 表示「彷彿、好像」,用來引導假設或比喻情況,通常後接完整子句:

He acts as if he knew everything.
他表現得好像什麼都知道。

本題空格後是 how difficult the situation may seem,屬於「how + 形容詞」的程度結構,不能用 as if 引導。因此選項錯誤。


(B) Even so

even so 是副詞片語,表示「即使如此、儘管如此」,通常用來承接前一句已知內容:

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第 13 題2 分

_________ recent adjustments in income tax rates, workers will find themselves pleasantly surprised by an increase in the size of their paychecks.

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這一題的完整詳解

【題目翻譯】

由於最近所得稅率的調整,勞工們將會驚喜地發現他們的薪水支票金額增加了。


【核心觀念】

本題測驗「介系詞片語 vs. 從屬連接詞 vs. 副詞」的詞性與句構判斷:

  1. 介系詞(Preposition):後方僅能接「名詞(短語)」、「動名詞」或「代名詞」,即構成「介系詞 + 受詞(O)」作為修飾語,不可直接接主詞+動詞的完整子句。
  2. 從屬連接詞(Subordinating Conjunction):引導副詞子句或名詞子句,後方必須接完整的子句結構(即具備主詞與限定動詞:S+VS + V)。
  3. 轉折副詞(Conjunctive Adverb):本身為副詞,不具連接兩句或引導名詞短語的語法功能。

【題幹結構與解題方法】

  1. 分析空格後的結構:
    空格後為 recent adjustments in income tax rates(最近所得稅率的調整)。
  • adjustments 為名詞核心詞(Head noun)。
  • recent 為形容詞修飾語。
  • in income tax rates 為介系詞片語作為後位修飾。
  • 此處完全沒有限定動詞(Finite Verb),因此本結構為純粹的「名詞短語(Noun Phrase, NP)」,並非包含主詞與動詞的子句。
  1. 分析逗號後的主句:
    workers (S) will find (V) themselves (O) pleasantly surprised (O.C.) ... 為一個結構完整的主要子句。
  2. 推導空格應填入的詞性:
    既然空格後僅有名詞短語,且置於句首作修飾主要子句的狀語,此空格必須填入「介系詞」或「複合介系詞(Compound Preposition)」。

【選項分析】

  • (A) Due to【正確】

  • 詞性與用法:為複合介系詞(Compound Preposition),意為「由於、因為」,後方接名詞短語(Due to + N/NP)。

  • 語意與語法:後接名詞短語 recent adjustments in income tax rates,語法完全正確;語意上「因為減稅調整,勞工實領薪資增加而感到驚喜」,前後具有合乎邏輯的因果關係。

  • (B) While【錯誤】

  • 詞性與用法:為從屬連接詞(Conjunction),意為「當……的時候」或「雖然、儘管」,後方必須接包含主詞與動詞的完整副詞子句(While + S + V),或分詞構句(While + V-ing / p.p.)。

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第 14 題2 分

Educational expenses are tax-deductible _________ the taxpayer can show that these expenses enhanced his or her professional skills or expertise.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「條件副詞連接詞(Conditional Subordinating Conjunction)」之用法與文法語意搭配。
題幹由兩個完整的獨立子句組成:

  1. 主句:Educational expenses are tax-deductible(教育費用可扣抵稅額)
  2. 從屬子句:the taxpayer can show that these expenses enhanced his or her professional skills or expertise(納稅人能證明這些支出提升了他/她的專業技能或專業知識)

兩子句之間缺乏連接詞,空格處必須填入一個能夠連接子句、且表達「唯有在……的條件下」之副詞從屬連接詞。


關鍵字詞解析

  • tax-deductible (adj.):可扣除所得稅的、可抵稅的
  • taxpayer (n.):納稅義務人
  • enhance (v.):提高、增強、改善
  • expertise (n.):專業知識、專長

題幹翻譯與結構剖析

  • 題幹引文:
    Educational expenses are tax-deductible only if the taxpayer can show that these expenses enhanced his or her professional skills or expertise.
  • 中文翻譯:
    教育費用唯有在納稅人能證明該筆支出提升了其專業技能或專長的情況下,才得以扣抵稅額。

解題方法

  1. 句型結構檢驗:
    主句有主詞 Educational expenses 與動詞 are;空格後有主詞 the taxpayer 與動詞 can show。兩者皆為具備主詞與動詞的完整子句,空格必須填入從屬連接詞。
  2. 邏輯語意判斷:
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第 15 題2 分

Even professional marketers are never sure _________ some new products are runaway successes while others fail miserably.

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這一題的完整詳解

題目原文與完整翻譯

題目:
Even professional marketers are never sure _________ some new products are runaway successes while others fail miserably.

(A) for
(B) why
(C) since
(D) that

完整翻譯:
即使是專業的行銷人員也絕無法確定,為什麼有些新產品能獲得空前的巨大成功,而其他產品卻慘遭滑鐵盧。


核心觀念:名詞子句作形容詞補語(Adjective Complement)與疑問副詞的語意銜接

本題考查形容詞後接名詞子句作補語的文法結構,以及連接詞/疑問詞的語意辨析。

  1. 結構分析:
    句型為:主詞 (Even professional marketers) + 連繫動詞 (are) + 形容詞 (sure) + 名詞子句補語。
    在英文中,表示「確定、認知、心理狀態」的形容詞(如 sure, certain, doubtful, unaware 等),其後常省略介系詞(如 of/about),直接引導名詞子句(that 子句或 wh- 疑問詞子句)作為形容詞的補語。
  2. 語意邏輯:
    主要子句含有否定副詞 never(never sure,表示「不確定、不知道」),表示後方所接的內容是「未知的疑惑或原因」,而非「既定的已知事實」。因此,引導詞必須具備詢問「理由/原因」的疑問副詞功能,才能使全句語意通順。

解題方法

  1. 第一步:分析句子文法結構與空格性質
  • 主句:Even professional marketers are never sure...(主詞 + 動詞 + 形容詞)。
  • 空格後方為完整句子:some new products are runaway successes while others fail miserably(主詞 + 動詞 + 主詞補語 + 對比連接詞子句)。
  • 由於形容詞 sure 後方接完整子句,空格處必須是從屬連接詞或疑問詞引導的名詞子句,故排除無法直接引導完整名詞子句作形容詞補語的介系詞。
  1. 第二步:由主要子句語意(never sure)判定子句連接詞
  • never sure(從不確定/總是不知道)引導的是一個「帶有疑問、探討原因」的未決命題。
  • 空格後描述的是一個對比現象(有些大賣、有些慘敗),整句探討的是「造成此極端差異的原因何在」。
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第 16 題2 分

Major Australian car-manufacturers will continue to produce their flagship large sedans _________ the recent increases in fuel costs.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「讓步介系詞」的用法與語意。

  • despite + 名詞/名詞片語:儘管……;即使……
  • although + 子句:雖然……;儘管……
  • except + 名詞/名詞片語:除了……之外
  • for + 名詞/名詞片語:為了……;因為……;對於……

空格後為名詞片語 the recent increases in fuel costs,因此可接介系詞 despite,形成讓步語意。

題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句:

Major Australian car-manufacturers will continue to produce their flagship large sedans despite the recent increases in fuel costs.

翻譯為:

儘管燃料成本最近有所上升,澳洲主要汽車製造商仍將繼續生產其旗艦大型房車。

句子的核心邏輯是:

燃料成本上升通常會降低大型房車的市場吸引力;但是,汽車製造商仍然繼續生產大型房車。

「儘管……仍然……」正是 despite 所表達的讓步關係。

解題方法

先觀察空格後的結構:

the recent increases in fuel costs

這是一個完整的名詞片語,不是子句,因為其中沒有主詞與限定動詞。因此:

  • 可使用接名詞片語的 despite。
  • although 後面必須接完整子句,不能直接接此名詞片語。
  • 再依照語意判斷,句子需要「儘管燃料成本上升,仍繼續生產」的轉折關係。

所以正確答案為 despite。

選項分析

(A) for

for 可表示「為了」、「因為」或「對於」,但放入句中會變成:

will continue to produce ... for the recent increases in fuel costs

語意近似「因為燃料成本最近上升,所以將繼續生產大型房車」,與一般合理的因果邏輯不符,也無法表達題目所需的「儘管……仍然……」讓步關係,因此錯誤。

(B) except

except 表示「除了……之外」,用於排除某個對象。例如:

Everyone came except John.
除了 John 之外,大家都來了。

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第 17 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Starting May 15, all food imported from Japan will require ____ clearly stating their points of origin, and for products from certain regions, documents confirming radiation examinations will also be required, the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) announced yesterday.

Since the devastating earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster hit Japan on March 11, 2011, all food products from Fukushima, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Chiba and Gunma prefectures ____ banned from entry into Taiwan, as they were found to contain radioactive ____ that exceeded the level considered safe for human consumption.

Earlier this March, however, food products from the five irradiated regions listed above were falsely labelled as having come from non-restricted origins. ____ the MHW, all relevant products have been pulled off the shelves.

The MHW yesterday announced that starting May 15, while the current ban on food imports from irradiated regions remains, all products from any area in Japan will need government-issued statements clarifying their origin, and for certain types of food from certain regions, certification proving radiation examination results is also required.

  1. Starting May 15, all food imported from Japan will require ____ clearly stating their points of origin.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考的是克漏字中的「語意判斷」與「名詞搭配」。空格位於:

all food imported from Japan will require ____ clearly stating their points of origin.
所有從日本進口的食品都必須具備清楚標示其產地的__。

句意要求空格填入「證明或文件」,而且必須能清楚說明食品的原產地。文章後文又提到:

government-issued statements clarifying their origin
政府核發、說明其產地的文件

因此,最符合文章語意與正式行政用語的是 certification,意為「證明文件;證明書;認證」。

解題方法

先判斷空格的詞性。require 是及物動詞,後面可接名詞,形成:

require + 名詞

空格後的 clearly stating their points of origin 是現在分詞片語,修飾前面的名詞,意思是「清楚說明其產地的……」。

再依語意判斷,食品進口時需要的是官方核發、可證明產地的文件。因此可組成:

require certification clearly stating their points of origin
要求附有清楚標明產地的證明文件

此外,題組後文指出,針對某些地區的食品,還需要:

certification proving radiation examination results
證明輻射檢查結果的證明文件

同一篇文章重複使用 certification,可直接作為判斷答案的重要線索。

定位答案的原文與翻譯

關鍵句為:

Starting May 15, all food imported from Japan will require ____ clearly stating their points of origin.

翻譯為:

自 5 月 15 日起,所有從日本進口的食品都必須具備清楚標示其產地的證明文件。

文章後文也提供語意呼應:

for certain types of food from certain regions, certification proving radiation examination results is also required.

翻譯為:

對於來自特定地區的特定種類食品,也必須提出證明輻射檢查結果的證明文件。

因此,空格應填入與官方證明文件相關的 certification。

選項分析

(A) ticket

ticket 主要指「票;券;票據」,例如:

  • a train ticket:火車票
  • a parking ticket:停車罰單
  • an admission ticket:入場券
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第 18 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Starting May 15, all food imported from Japan will require ____ clearly stating their points of origin, and for products from certain regions, documents confirming radiation examinations will also be required, the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) announced yesterday.

Since the devastating earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster hit Japan on March 11, 2011, all food products from Fukushima, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Chiba and Gunma prefectures ____ banned from entry into Taiwan, as they were found to contain radioactive ____ that exceeded the level considered safe for human consumption.

Earlier this March, however, food products from the five irradiated regions listed above were falsely labelled as having come from non-restricted origins. ____ the MHW, all relevant products have been pulled off the shelves.

The MHW yesterday announced that starting May 15, while the current ban on food imports from irradiated regions remains, all products from any area in Japan will need government-issued statements clarifying their origin, and for certain types of food from certain regions, certification proving radiation examination results is also required.

  1. Since the devastating earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster hit Japan on March 11, 2011, all food products from Fukushima, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Chiba and Gunma prefectures ____ banned from entry into Taiwan.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「現在完成式的被動語態」以及主詞與動詞的數一致。

句型為:

主詞+have/has been+過去分詞\text{主詞}+\text{have/has been}+\text{過去分詞}

其中:

  • have/has:現在完成式助動詞
  • been:be 的過去分詞
  • banned:ban 的過去分詞
  • have been banned:已經被禁止

題幹中的 Since + 過去時間/過去式子句 表示「自從某個過去時間點起,一直到現在」,主要搭配現在完成式。


定位答案的關鍵句

題幹原文:

Since the devastating earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster hit Japan on March 11, 2011, all food products from Fukushima, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Chiba and Gunma prefectures ____ banned from entry into Taiwan.

翻譯:

自從 2011 年 3 月 11 日毀滅性的地震、海嘯與核災襲擊日本以來,所有來自福島、栃木、茨城、千葉與群馬縣的食品一直被禁止輸入臺灣。

Since ... hit Japan on March 11, 2011 指出動作起始於過去,且禁令延續到本文所述的現在,因此使用現在完成式被動語態:

have been banned


解題方法

第一步,判斷語態。

食品「被禁止進入臺灣」,主詞 all food products 是接受動作的對象,因此使用被動語態:

be+過去分詞\text{be}+\text{過去分詞}

第二步,判斷時態。

句首有 Since ...,表示從 2011 年起持續到現在,使用現在完成式:

have/has+過去分詞\text{have/has}+\text{過去分詞}

第三步,合併現在完成式與被動語態:

have+been+banned\text{have}+\text{been}+\text{banned}

主詞 all food products 為複數,因此選用 have,完整答案為:

have been banned


選項分析

(A) has been

has been banned 是現在完成式被動語態的單數形式,適用於第三人稱單數主詞,例如:

The product has been banned.

但本題主詞是 all food products,核心名詞 products 為複數,必須使用 have,不能使用 has。

因此 (A) 錯誤。


(B) have been

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第 19 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Starting May 15, all food imported from Japan will require ____ clearly stating their points of origin, and for products from certain regions, documents confirming radiation examinations will also be required, the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) announced yesterday.

Since the devastating earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster hit Japan on March 11, 2011, all food products from Fukushima, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Chiba and Gunma prefectures ____ banned from entry into Taiwan, as they were found to contain radioactive ____ that exceeded the level considered safe for human consumption.

Earlier this March, however, food products from the five irradiated regions listed above were falsely labelled as having come from non-restricted origins. ____ the MHW, all relevant products have been pulled off the shelves.

The MHW yesterday announced that starting May 15, while the current ban on food imports from irradiated regions remains, all products from any area in Japan will need government-issued statements clarifying their origin, and for certain types of food from certain regions, certification proving radiation examination results is also required.

  1. All food products from the five prefectures were found to contain radioactive ____ that exceeded the level considered safe for human consumption.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 可數名詞的單複數判斷
  2. 文章語意與搭配
  3. 關係子句中的先行詞指涉

關鍵句為:

all food products from Fukushima, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Chiba and Gunma prefectures were found to contain radioactive ____ that exceeded the level considered safe for human consumption.

翻譯:

福島、栃木、茨城、千葉與群馬五縣的所有食品,被發現含有放射性__,其含量超過被認為對人體食用安全的程度。

空格所需詞義為「放射性物質」,最自然的英文表達是 radioactive substances。


解題方法

先判斷空格在語意上需要哪一類名詞:

  • radioactive = 放射性的
  • radioactive ____ = 放射性__
  • 後面的關係子句為 that exceeded the level...
  • 文章談的是食品中含有超過安全標準的放射性污染物質

因此,空格應填入表示「物質」的名詞 substance。

再依語境判斷單複數。食品可能含有多種放射性物質,因此使用複數 substances,形成:

contain radioactive substances

完整句意為:

含有放射性物質,而這些物質的含量超過對人體食用安全的標準。


選項分析

(A) substances

正確。

substance 是「物質、成分」,複數 substances 是「多種物質」。
radioactive substances 是合理且自然的搭配,意思是「放射性物質」。

句中:

were found to contain radioactive substances

表示「被發現含有放射性物質」,符合日本食品受到核災污染的文章語境。


(B) substance

不選。

substance 的單數形式表示「一種物質」或「某一物質」。若題幹明確指向單一放射性物質,文法上可使用單數:

contain a radioactive substance

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第 20 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Starting May 15, all food imported from Japan will require ____ clearly stating their points of origin, and for products from certain regions, documents confirming radiation examinations will also be required, the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) announced yesterday.

Since the devastating earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster hit Japan on March 11, 2011, all food products from Fukushima, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Chiba and Gunma prefectures ____ banned from entry into Taiwan, as they were found to contain radioactive ____ that exceeded the level considered safe for human consumption.

Earlier this March, however, food products from the five irradiated regions listed above were falsely labelled as having come from non-restricted origins. ____ the MHW, all relevant products have been pulled off the shelves.

The MHW yesterday announced that starting May 15, while the current ban on food imports from irradiated regions remains, all products from any area in Japan will need government-issued statements clarifying their origin, and for certain types of food from certain regions, certification proving radiation examination results is also required.

  1. Earlier this March, however, food products from the five irradiated regions listed above were falsely labelled as having come from non-restricted origins. ____ the MHW, all relevant products have been pulled off the shelves.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「轉折、副詞、因果副詞與介系詞片語」的用法,並須依照句子的文法結構判斷。

空格後接的是名詞片語 the MHW,因此空格必須能與名詞片語構成正確搭配:

  • according to + 人/機構/資料來源:根據……
  • however:然而,不過,屬於副詞或連接副詞,不能直接接在名詞前形成「however the MHW」。
  • therefore:因此,屬於副詞或連接副詞,不能直接接在名詞前形成「therefore the MHW」。
  • whatever:無論什麼;凡是……的,不符合此處語意與句型。

解題方法

定位答案的關鍵句如下:

Earlier this March, however, food products from the five irradiated regions listed above were falsely labelled as having come from non-restricted origins. ____ the MHW, all relevant products have been pulled off the shelves.

翻譯:

然而,今年三月初,來自上述五個受輻射地區的食品被虛假標示為來自非限制地區。根據厚生勞動部的說法,所有相關產品都已被下架。

空格後的 the MHW 是一個政府機構,表示消息或判斷的來源。英文應使用:

According to the MHW, ...
根據厚生勞動部,……

因此選 (D) According to。

此外,have been pulled off the shelves 是現在完成式被動語態:

  • have been:已經……
  • pulled off the shelves:被從貨架上撤下、被下架

主詞 all relevant products 為複數,因此使用 have。

選項分析

(A) Whatever

whatever 意為「無論什麼、任何……」,通常作限定詞、代名詞或連接詞使用,例如:

  • Whatever happens, stay calm.
    無論發生什麼事,都要保持冷靜。
  • Take whatever you need.
    你需要什麼就拿什麼。

句中若填入 Whatever the MHW,會變成「無論什麼厚生勞動部」,語意與文法皆不成立。故錯誤。

(B) However

however 意為「然而、不過」,用來表示轉折,例如:

  • The product is expensive. However, it is very popular.
    這項產品很昂貴。然而,它非常受歡迎。

本句前面已經有 however:

Earlier this March, however, ...

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第 21 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Countless Nepalis face long battles with anxiety and depression after the country's ____ recurring earthquakes and hundreds of aftershocks, aid workers and mental health professionals warned. Delilah Borja, Save the Children's country director in Nepal, said the organization was "extremely concerned about the emotional well-being" of kids who were caught up ____ the two major quakes.

"The second quake ____ particular has created a new level of terrifying uncertainty as those affected must now ask themselves if another deadly earthquake is coming," she said in a statement released on Wednesday. A major 7.8-magnitude quake struck on April 25, killing at least 8,150 people and injuring more than 17,860 as well as destroying 600,000 homes. Tuesday's 7.3-magnitude quake came just as many were regaining ____ security.

  1. Countless Nepalis face long battles with anxiety and depression after the country's ____ recurring earthquakes.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「分詞形容詞的語意與修飾功能」。

空格位於名詞片語:

the country's ____ recurring earthquakes

其中:

  • earthquakes 是名詞,意為「地震」。
  • recurring 是現在分詞作形容詞,意為「反覆發生的、持續再發的」。
  • 空格中的字也必須能作形容詞,修飾 earthquakes,並且語意上要表達「造成巨大破壞的地震」。

devastating 是動詞 devastate 的現在分詞形容詞,意為「造成巨大破壞的、毀滅性的」,符合文意與搭配。

解題方法

先判斷空格的詞性。空格後面接名詞 recurring earthquakes,因此空格應填入可修飾名詞的形容詞。

再判斷語意。句中提到尼泊爾發生反覆地震,後文說明地震造成:

  • 至少 8,150 人死亡
  • 超過 17,860 人受傷
  • 60 萬間房屋被摧毀

因此,空格需要表達「造成嚴重破壞的」。

題幹定位句為:

Countless Nepalis face long battles with anxiety and depression after the country's devastating recurring earthquakes.

翻譯為:

在這個國家發生造成巨大破壞、反覆出現的地震之後,無數尼泊爾人將長期與焦慮及憂鬱症抗爭。

devastating 與 recurring 都是形容詞,用來共同修飾 earthquakes;前者描述地震的破壞程度,後者描述地震反覆發生的特性。

選項分析

(A) devastating:正確。

devastate 是動詞,意為「摧毀、使荒蕪、使受到極大打擊」。其現在分詞 devastating 可作形容詞,表示「造成巨大破壞的、毀滅性的」。

例如:

  • a devastating earthquake:造成重大破壞的地震
  • devastating damage:毀滅性的損害
  • devastating effects:極其嚴重的影響

devastating recurring earthquakes 語法正確,且與後文的死亡、受傷及房屋摧毀相互呼應。

(B) devastated:錯誤。

devastated 是 devastate 的過去分詞,通常表示「遭到摧毀的、受到極大打擊的」,著重於接受動作的一方。

例如:

  • a devastated city:遭到摧毀的城市
  • The city was devastated by the earthquake.
    這座城市受到地震的嚴重摧毀。
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第 22 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Countless Nepalis face long battles with anxiety and depression after the country's ____ recurring earthquakes and hundreds of aftershocks, aid workers and mental health professionals warned. Delilah Borja, Save the Children's country director in Nepal, said the organization was "extremely concerned about the emotional well-being" of kids who were caught up ____ the two major quakes.

"The second quake ____ particular has created a new level of terrifying uncertainty as those affected must now ask themselves if another deadly earthquake is coming," she said in a statement released on Wednesday. A major 7.8-magnitude quake struck on April 25, killing at least 8,150 people and injuring more than 17,860 as well as destroying 600,000 homes. Tuesday's 7.3-magnitude quake came just as many were regaining ____ security.

  1. Delilah Borja said the kids were caught up ____ the two major quakes.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查固定片語 be caught up in + 名詞,意思是「被捲入……之中」、「受到……牽連或影響」。

題幹中的:

kids who were caught up in the two major quakes

意為:

那些受到兩次重大地震影響的孩子。

其中:

  • catch up in:使某人捲入某事件
  • be caught up in:被捲入、受到某事件牽連

地震是孩子們被影響、被捲入的事件,因此使用介系詞 in。

解題方法

判斷這類題目時,先辨認空格前後是否形成固定片語:

be caught up in + 事件或情況\text{be caught up in + 事件或情況}

題幹主詞為 the kids,結構為:

the kids were caught up in the two major quakes\text{the kids were caught up in the two major quakes}

意思是「孩子們被捲入兩次重大地震之中」,語意與文章內容完全吻合,因此選 in。

題幹定位句為:

Save the Children's country director in Nepal, said the organization was "extremely concerned about the emotional well-being" of kids who were caught up in the two major quakes.

翻譯:

救助兒童會在尼泊爾的國家主任表示,該組織非常關心那些受到兩次重大地震影響的孩子的心理健康。

選項分析

(A) in:正確

be caught up in 是固定片語,表示「被捲入……」、「受到……影響」。

例句:

Many residents were caught up in the disaster.

意思是「許多居民受到這場災難牽連」。

題幹的 the two major quakes 是孩子們被影響的事件,所以使用 in。

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第 23 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Countless Nepalis face long battles with anxiety and depression after the country's ____ recurring earthquakes and hundreds of aftershocks, aid workers and mental health professionals warned. Delilah Borja, Save the Children's country director in Nepal, said the organization was "extremely concerned about the emotional well-being" of kids who were caught up ____ the two major quakes.

"The second quake ____ particular has created a new level of terrifying uncertainty as those affected must now ask themselves if another deadly earthquake is coming," she said in a statement released on Wednesday. A major 7.8-magnitude quake struck on April 25, killing at least 8,150 people and injuring more than 17,860 as well as destroying 600,000 homes. Tuesday's 7.3-magnitude quake came just as many were regaining ____ security.

  1. The second quake ____ particular has created a new level of terrifying uncertainty.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查固定介系詞搭配片語(Prepositional Idiom)。在英文中,表示「特別是、尤其」時,慣用固定片語為 in particular,等同於副詞 particularly 或 especially。


題目定位與語意翻譯

  • 定位句:

"The second quake in particular has created a new level of terrifying uncertainty as those affected must now ask themselves if another deadly earthquake is coming," she said in a statement released on Wednesday.

  • 語意翻譯:

她在週三發表的一份聲明中表示:「尤其是第二起地震,製造了更深一層令人惶恐的不確定性,因為受災者現在必須自問是否還會有另一場致命的地震來襲。」


選項分析

  • (A) with:錯誤。英文中無 with particular 之固定慣用語。若要以介系詞 with 表示副詞意義,通常搭配抽象名詞,如 with ease(輕易地)、with care(小心地),但不與形容詞 particular 搭配。
  • (B) on:錯誤。英文中無 on particular 之用法。
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第 24 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Countless Nepalis face long battles with anxiety and depression after the country's ____ recurring earthquakes and hundreds of aftershocks, aid workers and mental health professionals warned. Delilah Borja, Save the Children's country director in Nepal, said the organization was "extremely concerned about the emotional well-being" of kids who were caught up ____ the two major quakes.

"The second quake ____ particular has created a new level of terrifying uncertainty as those affected must now ask themselves if another deadly earthquake is coming," she said in a statement released on Wednesday. A major 7.8-magnitude quake struck on April 25, killing at least 8,150 people and injuring more than 17,860 as well as destroying 600,000 homes. Tuesday's 7.3-magnitude quake came just as many were regaining ____ security.

  1. Tuesday's 7.3-magnitude quake came just as many were regaining ____ security.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「固定名詞搭配詞(Collocation)」與「詞性搭配」。
在英文中,表示「……感」、「某種心理或生理知覺」時,標準慣用語為 a sense of + 抽象名詞。句中 security(安全感、安全)為抽象名詞,前面必須搭配表示「感、知覺」的名詞片語。


題幹定位與句意解析

  • 原文定位:

"Tuesday's 7.3-magnitude quake came just as many were regaining ____ security."

  • 中文翻譯:

「週二發生的芮氏規模 7.3 地震襲來之際,許多人正剛要重獲安全感。」

  • 文法與語意分析:
    本句中動詞為 were regaining(正重新獲得),受詞中心語是名詞 security。空格需填入能修飾或引導 security 的片語,用以構成「安全感」的完整語意。

選項分析

  • (A) a sensitive of:錯誤。

  • sensitive 為形容詞(敏感的、易受傷的),不可直接接在冠詞 a 之後當名詞使用,亦無 a sensitive of 這種搭配。

  • 其對應的名詞形式為 sensitivity(敏感度、感受性),但語意上也不會與 security 構成合理搭配。

  • (B) a sense of:正確。

  • sense(名詞)意為「感覺、意識、知覺」。

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第 25 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Until a century ago, bloodletting was used to treat many ailments. Dating back to before the time of Christ, the treatment involved letting a type of worm, called a leech, suck blood from the patient. People believed that there were liquids called humors in the body and that these determined a person’s personality and health. Bloodletting, they thought, restored a balance to these humors.

At the time, little was known of the workings of the human body, but people did know that the same liquid, blood, flowed throughout everyone’s body. They knew it was a vital substance, for loss of any great amount of it meant certain death. Thus, they concluded that all diseases were carried in the bloodstream, and that if the body was relieved of bad blood, health would return. Bloodletting, however, came to be used as a cure-all. Women were bled to keep them from blushing, while members of the clergy were bled to prevent them from thinking sinful and worldly thoughts.

From the eleventh to the eighteenth centuries, barbers were the people to go to if you needed to be bled. This custom explains the significance of the traditional barber’s pole: the white stripes stand for bandages and the red stripes for blood.

  1. This passage is concerned with _________.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為閱讀測驗的主旨題(Main Idea / Passage Topic)。主旨題在後中醫考試中屬於常見的基本送分題,考查考生快速抓取各段主題句(Topic Sentences)並整合全文核心概念(Overall Theme)的能力,而非侷限於單一段落的枝微末節。


解題方法

解答主旨題的關鍵切入點在於「宏觀瀏覽各段主旨句與高頻關鍵詞」:

  1. 第一段:首句直接點明主題「放血療法在過去被用來治療許多疾病」(bloodletting was used to treat many ailments),並說明當時人們認為放血能平衡體液(humors)。
  2. 第二段:進一步延伸放血的擴大應用,關鍵句提到「然而,放血療法後來被當作治百病的萬靈丹使用」(Bloodletting, however, came to be used as a cure-all.),並列舉連臉紅、神職人員的世俗雜念都可以透過放血來解決。
  3. 第三段:補充放血的執行者與歷史文化背景(理髮師與紅白旋轉標誌的由來)。

整篇文章自始至終皆圍繞在「放血療法(bloodletting / bleeding)如何被當成治百病的萬靈丹(cure-all)」及其歷史背景開展,因此選項 (B) 最符合全文主旨。


定位依據與翻譯

  • 定位句:第二段第四句

"Bloodletting, however, came to be used as a cure-all."
(然而,放血療法後來竟被當作一種萬靈丹來使用。)


選項分析

  • (A) healthy people and doctors(健康的人與醫生):
    錯誤。文章通篇未探討「健康的人與醫生」,反而提到患者(patient)、理髮師(barbers)、女性(women)與神職人員(clergy),且主題聚焦於放血療法本身,非醫病關係。
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第 26 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Until a century ago, bloodletting was used to treat many ailments. Dating back to before the time of Christ, the treatment involved letting a type of worm, called a leech, suck blood from the patient. People believed that there were liquids called humors in the body and that these determined a person’s personality and health. Bloodletting, they thought, restored a balance to these humors.

At the time, little was known of the workings of the human body, but people did know that the same liquid, blood, flowed throughout everyone’s body. They knew it was a vital substance, for loss of any great amount of it meant certain death. Thus, they concluded that all diseases were carried in the bloodstream, and that if the body was relieved of bad blood, health would return. Bloodletting, however, came to be used as a cure-all. Women were bled to keep them from blushing, while members of the clergy were bled to prevent them from thinking sinful and worldly thoughts.

From the eleventh to the eighteenth centuries, barbers were the people to go to if you needed to be bled. This custom explains the significance of the traditional barber’s pole: the white stripes stand for bandages and the red stripes for blood.

  1. The red and white stripes on barber poles symbolize _________.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與字義判斷,重點是找出文章直接說明 barber’s pole(理髮店旋轉柱)顏色象徵意義的句子。

文章指出:

“This custom explains the significance of the traditional barber’s pole: the white stripes stand for bandages and the red stripes for blood.”

翻譯:
「這項習俗解釋了傳統理髮店旋轉柱的意義:白色條紋代表繃帶,紅色條紋代表血液。」

因此,紅白條紋共同呈現的是古代理髮師替人放血治療的習俗,也就是「放血儀式」。

解題方法

先鎖定題幹中的關鍵字:

  • red and white stripes:紅白條紋
  • barber poles:理髮店旋轉柱
  • symbolize:象徵、代表

文章末段明確將條紋與放血治療連結:

  • white stripes 代表 bandages(繃帶)
  • red stripes 代表 blood(血液)

繃帶與血液都是放血治療現場的相關事物,紅白條紋合在一起象徵古代理髮師替病人進行放血的傳統。因此選擇 the bleeding ritual。

選項分析

(A) sin and redemption(罪惡與救贖)

錯誤。文章提到神職人員接受放血,是為了避免產生罪惡與世俗的想法,但這只是放血用途的一個例子。文章並未說明紅白條紋分別代表罪惡與救贖;白色代表繃帶,紅色代表血液。

(B) the bleeding ritual(放血儀式)

正確。紅色條紋代表血液,白色條紋代表繃帶,兩者共同象徵古代理髮師替人放血治療的習俗,即 the bleeding ritual。

(C) women who are nurses(身為護理師的女性)

錯誤。文章提到女性被放血是為了防止臉紅,但沒有提到女性擔任護理師,也沒有將紅白條紋與女性或護理工作連結。

(D) humors in the body(人體內的體液)

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第 27 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Until a century ago, bloodletting was used to treat many ailments. Dating back to before the time of Christ, the treatment involved letting a type of worm, called a leech, suck blood from the patient. People believed that there were liquids called humors in the body and that these determined a person’s personality and health. Bloodletting, they thought, restored a balance to these humors.

At the time, little was known of the workings of the human body, but people did know that the same liquid, blood, flowed throughout everyone’s body. They knew it was a vital substance, for loss of any great amount of it meant certain death. Thus, they concluded that all diseases were carried in the bloodstream, and that if the body was relieved of bad blood, health would return. Bloodletting, however, came to be used as a cure-all. Women were bled to keep them from blushing, while members of the clergy were bled to prevent them from thinking sinful and worldly thoughts.

From the eleventh to the eighteenth centuries, barbers were the people to go to if you needed to be bled. This custom explains the significance of the traditional barber’s pole: the white stripes stand for bandages and the red stripes for blood.

  1. Why is bloodletting no longer considered a cure-all?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是英文閱讀理解,考查:

  • 根據文章明示內容判斷主旨與因果關係。
  • 理解代名詞與語意連結。
  • 分辨「文章的主要理由」與「文章提及但不足以回答問題的細節」。

文章說明古代人因不了解人體運作,誤以為疾病都由血液傳播,因此把放血術當成萬用療法。現代醫學對人體的構造與功能有更深入的了解,放血術便不再被視為治療百病的方法。

關鍵單字與片語

  • bloodletting:放血療法
  • cure-all:萬靈丹;治百病的方法
  • ailment:疾病;小病痛
  • date back to:追溯至
  • leech:水蛭
  • humor:體液(古代醫學所稱的四種體液)
  • determine:決定;影響
  • personality:個性
  • restore a balance:恢復平衡
  • workings of the human body:人體的運作方式
  • vital substance:重要的物質;維持生命不可或缺的物質
  • bloodstream:血液循環;血流
  • be relieved of:被除去;被減少
  • clergy:神職人員
  • sinful and worldly thoughts:罪惡且世俗的思想
  • barber’s pole:理髮店門口的旋轉彩柱
  • bandage:繃帶

答案定位與解題方法

最關鍵的句子是:

At the time, little was known of the workings of the human body, but people did know that the same liquid, blood, flowed throughout everyone’s body.

翻譯:在那個時代,人們對人體的運作方式所知甚少,但他們確實知道,同一種液體,也就是血液,流遍每個人的身體。

這句指出古代放血療法盛行的根本原因:人們對人體運作的知識不足,因而產生錯誤推論。題目問:

Why is bloodletting no longer considered a cure-all?

意思是:「為什麼放血療法如今不再被視為萬靈丹?」

文章雖然沒有直接寫出 “Today, more is known...” 這個完整句子,但由 “little was known of the workings of the human body” 可推知,隨著醫學進步,人們對人體運作的了解增加,便知道放血不能治療各種疾病。因此選擇與文章核心因果最吻合的 (A)。

選項分析

(A) Because more is known about the workings of the human body

因為人們對人體的運作方式有更多了解。

正確。文章指出古代人對人體運作所知甚少,這種知識不足導致他們相信疾病都在血液中,並將放血術當成治百病的方法。現代醫學知識增加後,這種錯誤觀念被推翻,所以放血術不再被視為 cure-all。

(B) Because leeches were outlawed

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第 28 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Until a century ago, bloodletting was used to treat many ailments. Dating back to before the time of Christ, the treatment involved letting a type of worm, called a leech, suck blood from the patient. People believed that there were liquids called humors in the body and that these determined a person’s personality and health. Bloodletting, they thought, restored a balance to these humors.

At the time, little was known of the workings of the human body, but people did know that the same liquid, blood, flowed throughout everyone’s body. They knew it was a vital substance, for loss of any great amount of it meant certain death. Thus, they concluded that all diseases were carried in the bloodstream, and that if the body was relieved of bad blood, health would return. Bloodletting, however, came to be used as a cure-all. Women were bled to keep them from blushing, while members of the clergy were bled to prevent them from thinking sinful and worldly thoughts.

From the eleventh to the eighteenth centuries, barbers were the people to go to if you needed to be bled. This custom explains the significance of the traditional barber’s pole: the white stripes stand for bandages and the red stripes for blood.

  1. Ailments means _________.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字義判讀與文章語境。ailment 是名詞,意為「疾病、病痛、小毛病」,複數 ailments 即「各種疾病、病痛」。

題幹第一句:

Until a century ago, bloodletting was used to treat many ailments.
直到一百年前,放血療法仍被用來治療許多疾病。

由「用來治療許多……」可知空格應填與「疾病」同義的名詞。

解題方法

利用上下文判斷:

  1. bloodletting was used to treat... 表示「放血被用來治療……」。
  2. 放血療法是醫療處置,因此後方應接「疾病、病症」等需要治療的對象。
  3. 四個選項中,只有 diseases 符合 ailments 的詞義。

因此:

ailments = diseases,皆表示「疾病」。

關鍵單字與片語

  • ailment:疾病、病痛、小毛病
  • treat:治療
  • bloodletting:放血療法
  • dating back to...:追溯至……
  • involve:涉及、包含
  • leech:水蛭
  • suck blood from...:從……吸血
  • humor:古代醫學所稱的體液
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第 29 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Disaster movies often portray catastrophes that destroy, or at least threaten to destroy, Earth’s entire population. In fact, a virus emerged in the 1970s that could have been just that lethal.

Named after a river that traverses the Congo, the Ebola virus originally manifested itself in the interior of Africa in 1976. Two strains of the disease, with almost identical symptoms, affected humans: Ebola Zaire and Ebola Sudan. The Sudan version was deadly enough, killing 50 percent of those it infected; however, Zaire, with its 90 percent mortality rate, was even worse.

The origins—though not the cause—of Ebola Sudan can be traced back to a single individual in a Sudanese town. Ebola Zaire seemed to erupt in over 50 villages simultaneously. Both strains quickly invaded local hospitals, where needle sharing and other unsanitary practices ensured the rapid spreading of the infection by bringing people into contact with contaminated blood. If the virus had been capable of spreading through the air, or if one infected person had unknowingly entered a large population center, Ebola might have become a worldwide epidemic.

However, soon after these fierce outbreaks the virus died out, at least temporarily. Ebola was so lethal and killed so quickly, in a matter of days, that within a short period of time there was no one around to infect. Hospital workers in at least one case deserted their workplace in panic, thus halting the administering of potentially unclean, disease-spreading injections.

But Ebola has not disappeared. With no known vaccination or cure in the offing, it seems only a matter of time until another epidemic erupts.

  1. Another appropriate title for this passage is _________.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀測驗中的「主旨與標題判斷」。適當標題必須:

  1. 涵蓋全文主要內容;
  2. 能反映作者最強調的重點;
  3. 不能只擷取某一段的細節;
  4. 必須符合文章的語氣與結論。

本文介紹伊波拉病毒的兩種型態、致死率、傳播方式,以及疫情迅速消退的原因,最後強調病毒尚未消失,未來仍有爆發疫情的威脅。全文核心集中在「伊波拉病毒致命性極高,且能在短時間內造成嚴重疫情」。


解題方法

判斷標題時,先找出文章的首尾呼應與反覆出現的核心概念:

  • 開頭指出伊波拉病毒可能造成全球性災難。
  • 中段說明 Ebola Sudan 的死亡率為 50%,Ebola Zaire 更高達 90%。
  • 後段解釋病毒因殺人速度太快,反而在短時間內失去可感染的對象。
  • 結尾警告目前沒有已知疫苗或治療方法,未來仍可能再次爆發疫情。

定位全文主旨的關鍵句是:

“Ebola was so lethal and killed so quickly, in a matter of days, that within a short period of time there was no one around to infect.”

翻譯:
「伊波拉病毒的致死性極高,且在短短數天內迅速殺死患者,因此過了不久,附近便沒有可供它感染的人了。」

此句同時呈現兩個重點:

  • frightening:致死率高、威脅可怕;
  • quick:在數天內迅速造成死亡。

因此,A Quick and Frightening Killer 最能概括全文。


關鍵單字與片語

  • disaster:災難
  • catastrophe:大災難、災變
  • threaten to:威脅要……
  • lethal:致命的
  • emerge:出現、浮現
  • manifest:顯現、發病
  • strain:病毒株、菌株
  • symptom:症狀
  • deadly:致命的
  • mortality rate:死亡率
  • origin:起源
  • cause:原因
  • trace back to:追溯至
  • erupt:爆發
  • simultaneously:同時地
  • invade:侵入
  • unsanitary:不衛生的
  • contaminated blood:受污染的血液
  • infection:感染
  • epidemic:流行病、大規模疫情
  • outbreak:疫情爆發
  • die out:消失、絕跡
  • temporarily:暫時地
  • in panic:驚慌地
  • vaccination:接種疫苗
  • cure:治療方法、療法
  • in the offing:即將發生、正在逼近
  • a matter of time:只是時間早晚的問題

文法與語意重點

  1. so ... that ...:如此……以至於……

文章中的:

“Ebola was so lethal and killed so quickly ... that ... there was no one around to infect.”

結構為:

so + 形容詞/副詞 + that + 結果\text{so + 形容詞/副詞 + that + 結果}

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第 30 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Disaster movies often portray catastrophes that destroy, or at least threaten to destroy, Earth’s entire population. In fact, a virus emerged in the 1970s that could have been just that lethal.

Named after a river that traverses the Congo, the Ebola virus originally manifested itself in the interior of Africa in 1976. Two strains of the disease, with almost identical symptoms, affected humans: Ebola Zaire and Ebola Sudan. The Sudan version was deadly enough, killing 50 percent of those it infected; however, Zaire, with its 90 percent mortality rate, was even worse.

The origins—though not the cause—of Ebola Sudan can be traced back to a single individual in a Sudanese town. Ebola Zaire seemed to erupt in over 50 villages simultaneously. Both strains quickly invaded local hospitals, where needle sharing and other unsanitary practices ensured the rapid spreading of the infection by bringing people into contact with contaminated blood. If the virus had been capable of spreading through the air, or if one infected person had unknowingly entered a large population center, Ebola might have become a worldwide epidemic.

However, soon after these fierce outbreaks the virus died out, at least temporarily. Ebola was so lethal and killed so quickly, in a matter of days, that within a short period of time there was no one around to infect. Hospital workers in at least one case deserted their workplace in panic, thus halting the administering of potentially unclean, disease-spreading injections.

But Ebola has not disappeared. With no known vaccination or cure in the offing, it seems only a matter of time until another epidemic erupts.

  1. Of people stricken with Ebola Zaire, what percent die?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與關鍵資訊辨識。

文中比較兩種 Ebola 病毒:

  • Ebola Sudan:死亡率為 50%
  • Ebola Zaire:死亡率為 90%

「mortality rate」意為「死亡率」,指感染者中死亡的比例。

題目中的 people stricken with Ebola Zaire 意為「感染 Ebola Zaire 的人」。

解題方法

直接回到第二段尋找 Ebola Zaire 的死亡比例。關鍵句為:

The Sudan version was deadly enough, killing 50 percent of those it infected; however, Zaire, with its 90 percent mortality rate, was even worse.

翻譯:

Sudan 型病毒已經非常致命,感染者中有 50% 死亡;然而,Zaire 型病毒的死亡率高達 90%,情況更加嚴重。

因此,感染 Ebola Zaire 的人之中,有 90% 死亡。

文法與語意重點

題目句型:

Of people stricken with Ebola Zaire, what percent die?

其中:

  • of people:在這些人之中
  • stricken with:感染、罹患
  • what percent die:有百分之多少死亡

整句可翻譯為:

感染 Ebola Zaire 的人中,有百分之多少會死亡?

此處的 stricken with 相當於 infected with 或 affected by。題目要找的是感染者的死亡比例,不是存活比例,也不是另一種 Ebola 病毒的死亡率。

關鍵單字與片語

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第 31 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Disaster movies often portray catastrophes that destroy, or at least threaten to destroy, Earth’s entire population. In fact, a virus emerged in the 1970s that could have been just that lethal.

Named after a river that traverses the Congo, the Ebola virus originally manifested itself in the interior of Africa in 1976. Two strains of the disease, with almost identical symptoms, affected humans: Ebola Zaire and Ebola Sudan. The Sudan version was deadly enough, killing 50 percent of those it infected; however, Zaire, with its 90 percent mortality rate, was even worse.

The origins—though not the cause—of Ebola Sudan can be traced back to a single individual in a Sudanese town. Ebola Zaire seemed to erupt in over 50 villages simultaneously. Both strains quickly invaded local hospitals, where needle sharing and other unsanitary practices ensured the rapid spreading of the infection by bringing people into contact with contaminated blood. If the virus had been capable of spreading through the air, or if one infected person had unknowingly entered a large population center, Ebola might have become a worldwide epidemic.

However, soon after these fierce outbreaks the virus died out, at least temporarily. Ebola was so lethal and killed so quickly, in a matter of days, that within a short period of time there was no one around to infect. Hospital workers in at least one case deserted their workplace in panic, thus halting the administering of potentially unclean, disease-spreading injections.

But Ebola has not disappeared. With no known vaccination or cure in the offing, it seems only a matter of time until another epidemic erupts.

  1. One of the easiest places for Ebola to spread is _________.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是閱讀理解題,考查:

  1. 能否從文章中找出支持選項的關鍵句。
  2. 能否區分「疾病容易傳播的場所」與「疾病名稱的由來」。
  3. 能否依據上下文判斷語意,而非只依照單字表面意義作答。

文章指出,伊波拉病毒在醫院內因共用針頭及其他不衛生措施,迅速透過受污染的血液傳播。因此,最容易使病毒擴散的地點是醫院。


解題方法

先尋找文章中描述病毒「快速傳播」的句子。第三段提到:

Both strains quickly invaded local hospitals, where needle sharing and other unsanitary practices ensured the rapid spreading of the infection by bringing people into contact with contaminated blood.

翻譯:

兩種病毒株很快侵入當地醫院;在醫院裡,共用針頭及其他不衛生的做法,使人們接觸到受污染的血液,因而確保感染迅速擴散。

句中明確出現:

  • local hospitals:當地醫院
  • needle sharing:共用針頭
  • unsanitary practices:不衛生的做法
  • rapid spreading of the infection:感染的快速擴散

因此,答案直接對應 in a hospital。


文章定位與語意分析

題幹問:

One of the easiest places for Ebola to spread is _________.

意思是:

伊波拉病毒最容易傳播的地點之一是 _________。

文章並非表示醫院是唯一的傳播地點,而是根據醫院中存在的共用針頭、不衛生注射等情況,判斷醫院是病毒容易擴散的場所。

此外,第四段又補充:

Hospital workers in at least one case deserted their workplace in panic, thus halting the administering of potentially unclean, disease-spreading injections.

翻譯:

至少有一個案例中,醫院工作人員因恐慌而離開工作場所,因而停止施打可能不潔且會傳播疾病的注射。

這再次說明醫院中的注射行為與衛生問題,會加速病毒傳播。


選項分析

(A) out in the countryside

意思是「在鄉間、在鄉下」。

文章提到伊波拉最初出現在非洲內陸,也提到病毒似乎同時爆發於五十多個村莊,但這只是說明病毒出現的地區,沒有表示鄉間是最容易傳播的場所。文章明確指出造成快速擴散的原因是醫院內共用針頭及不衛生措施,因此本選項錯誤。

(B) near a river

意思是「在河流附近」。

文章開頭說明 Ebola 這個名稱是以穿越剛果的河流命名:

Named after a river that traverses the Congo

意思是:

以一條流經剛果的河流命名。

這段只是在交代病毒名稱的來源,並未表示病毒在河流附近特別容易傳播。這是將「名稱來源」誤當成「傳播地點」,因此錯誤。

(C) in a hospital

意思是「在醫院裡」。

醫院中有共用針頭及其他不衛生的醫療行為,會讓多人接觸受污染的血液,導致感染快速擴散。這與文章第三段的描述完全吻合,故為正確答案。

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第 32 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Disaster movies often portray catastrophes that destroy, or at least threaten to destroy, Earth’s entire population. In fact, a virus emerged in the 1970s that could have been just that lethal.

Named after a river that traverses the Congo, the Ebola virus originally manifested itself in the interior of Africa in 1976. Two strains of the disease, with almost identical symptoms, affected humans: Ebola Zaire and Ebola Sudan. The Sudan version was deadly enough, killing 50 percent of those it infected; however, Zaire, with its 90 percent mortality rate, was even worse.

The origins—though not the cause—of Ebola Sudan can be traced back to a single individual in a Sudanese town. Ebola Zaire seemed to erupt in over 50 villages simultaneously. Both strains quickly invaded local hospitals, where needle sharing and other unsanitary practices ensured the rapid spreading of the infection by bringing people into contact with contaminated blood. If the virus had been capable of spreading through the air, or if one infected person had unknowingly entered a large population center, Ebola might have become a worldwide epidemic.

However, soon after these fierce outbreaks the virus died out, at least temporarily. Ebola was so lethal and killed so quickly, in a matter of days, that within a short period of time there was no one around to infect. Hospital workers in at least one case deserted their workplace in panic, thus halting the administering of potentially unclean, disease-spreading injections.

But Ebola has not disappeared. With no known vaccination or cure in the offing, it seems only a matter of time until another epidemic erupts.

  1. In paragraphs 2 and 3, the author explains Ebola Zaire and Ebola Sudan by _________.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考閱讀理解中的「段落功能與比較關係」。解題重點不是只找兩種病毒的所有差異,而是判斷作者在第二、三段主要透過何種方式介紹 Ebola Zaire 與 Ebola Sudan。

校方釋疑指出,文中將兩種病毒視為同類別,並強調:

  • 兩者症狀幾乎相同。
  • 兩者都感染人類。
  • 兩者都快速侵入當地醫院。
  • 兩者都因共用針頭及醫療衛生不佳而加速傳播。

因此,作者主要是藉由「共同點」來說明兩種 Ebola virus,答案為 (A) mentioning similarities between them。


解題方法

先定位第二、三段中直接比較兩種病毒的句子:

Two strains of the disease, with almost identical symptoms, affected humans: Ebola Zaire and Ebola Sudan.

翻譯:
這種疾病有兩種病毒株,症狀幾乎完全相同,且都會感染人類:Ebola Zaire 與 Ebola Sudan。

關鍵片語是 with almost identical symptoms,意思是「具有幾乎相同的症狀」,直接指出兩者的相似性。

第三段又寫道:

Both strains quickly invaded local hospitals, where needle sharing and other unsanitary practices ensured the rapid spreading of the infection by bringing people into contact with contaminated blood.

翻譯:
兩種病毒株都迅速侵入當地醫院;在醫院中,共用針頭及其他不衛生的作法,使人們接觸到受污染的血液,因而確保感染快速傳播。

關鍵字 Both strains 意為「兩種病毒株都……」,表示後面的內容是兩者共同具有的情形。兩種病毒快速傳播的共同原因,都是共用針頭及其他不衛生的醫療行為。

雖然第二段提到兩者的致死率不同,但文章在第二、三段的主要比較方向,是先說明兩者的共同症狀、感染對象、傳播地點與傳播原因。因此,依校方公布答案,應選 A。


文章中的關鍵單字與片語

  • disaster movie:災難電影
  • catastrophe:災難、大災變
  • threaten to destroy:威脅要摧毀
  • entire population:全體人口
  • emerge:出現、發生
  • be named after:以……命名
  • traverse:橫越、流經
  • manifest itself:顯現、發作
  • strain:病毒株、菌株
  • symptom:症狀
  • almost identical:幾乎相同的
  • affect humans:影響人類、感染人類
  • deadly:致命的
  • mortality rate:死亡率
  • origin:起源
  • trace back to:追溯至
  • erupt:突然爆發
  • simultaneously:同時地
  • invade hospitals:侵入醫院、在醫院中擴散
  • needle sharing:共用針頭
  • unsanitary practices:不衛生的作法
  • contaminated blood:受污染的血液
  • worldwide epidemic:全球性流行病
  • die out:消失、絕跡
  • in a matter of days:在幾天之內
  • in panic:驚慌地
  • vaccination:疫苗接種
  • cure:治療方法、治癒
  • in the offing:即將發生、即將出現
  • a matter of time:只是時間早晚問題

選項分析

(A) mentioning similarities between them

正確。作者明確寫出兩種病毒:

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第 33 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program was established in 1977 and is designed to assess health technology. The program organizes major conferences that produce consensus statements and technology assessment statements on controversial issues in medicine important to health care providers, patients, and the general public. The following statement is from the NIH Consensus Development Statement on Acupuncture on November 3–5, 1997.

Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely practiced in the United States. There have been many studies of its potential usefulness. However, many of these studies provide equivocal results because of design, sample size, and other factors. The issue is further complicated by inherent difficulties in the use of appropriate controls, such as placebo and sham acupuncture groups.

However, promising results have emerged, for example, efficacy of acupuncture in adult post-operative and chemotherapy nausea and vomiting and in post-operative dental pain. There are other situations such as addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma where acupuncture may be useful as an adjunct treatment or an acceptable alternative or be included in a comprehensive management program.

Findings from basic research have begun to elucidate the mechanisms of action of acupuncture, including the release of opioids and other peptides in the central nervous system and the periphery and changes in neuroendocrine function. Although much needs to be accomplished, the emergence of plausible mechanisms for the therapeutic effects of acupuncture is encouraging.

The introduction of acupuncture into the choice of treatment modalities that are readily available to the public is in its early stages. Issues of training, licensure, and reimbursement remain to be clarified. There is sufficient evidence, however, of acupuncture’s value to expand its use into conventional medicine and to encourage further studies of its physiology and clinical value. This statement is representative of the opinions of current standard medical practice.

  1. What’s the main idea of this article?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「閱讀測驗的主旨判斷題(Main Idea)」。考生需要具備掌握英文學術篇章結構的能力,透過各段主題句(Topic Sentences)、轉折詞(However)、以及結論段(Concluding Paragraph)的立場整合,歸納出全文的核心論點與作者態度。

解題方法

抓取主旨題時,切忌「以偏概全」(僅抓住單一段落的細節)或「無中生有」。解題切入點如下:

  1. 定位轉折與核心關鍵詞:
  • 第二段先點出早期研究在設計與樣本上有模糊結果(equivocal results)。
  • 第三段開頭以強烈轉折詞 "However, promising results have emerged..." 引出全文核心:針灸展現出令人期待的療效(efficacy / useful)。
  • 第四段進一步提到機轉研究提供了支持(plausible mechanisms for the therapeutic effects)。
  • 第五段提出總結句:「有足夠的證據顯示針灸的價值,支持將其推展至常規醫學領域」("There is sufficient evidence, however, of acupuncture’s value to expand its use into conventional medicine...")。
  1. 語意同義代換(Paraphrase):
  • 全文反覆出現的正向評價詞彙:potential usefulness(潛在實用性)、efficacy(療效)、useful(有用的)、therapeutic effects(治療效果)、value(價值)。
  • 選項 (C) 中的 helpfulness 正好精準對應上述詞彙,概括全文論述「針灸治療的有益性/實用療效」。

文章關鍵定位句與翻譯

  • 定位句一(第三段首句):
    “However, promising results have emerged, for example, efficacy of acupuncture in adult post-operative and chemotherapy nausea and vomiting and in post-operative dental pain.”
    (然而,已有令人樂觀的結果出現,例如針灸在成人術後與化療引起的噁心嘔吐,以及術後牙科疼痛上的療效。)
  • 定位句二(第五段第三句):
    “There is sufficient evidence, however, of acupuncture’s value to expand its use into conventional medicine and to encourage further studies of its physiology and clinical value.”
    (然而,已有充足的證據顯示針灸的價值,支持將其應用拓展至傳統正規醫學,並鼓勵進一步探討其生理機制與臨床價值。)

選項分析

  • (A) The negative effects of acupuncture treatment(針灸治療的負面影響):
    錯誤。文章全文未提及針灸會造成任何副作用或危害。
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第 34 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program was established in 1977 and is designed to assess health technology. The program organizes major conferences that produce consensus statements and technology assessment statements on controversial issues in medicine important to health care providers, patients, and the general public. The following statement is from the NIH Consensus Development Statement on Acupuncture on November 3–5, 1997.

Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely practiced in the United States. There have been many studies of its potential usefulness. However, many of these studies provide equivocal results because of design, sample size, and other factors. The issue is further complicated by inherent difficulties in the use of appropriate controls, such as placebo and sham acupuncture groups.

However, promising results have emerged, for example, efficacy of acupuncture in adult post-operative and chemotherapy nausea and vomiting and in post-operative dental pain. There are other situations such as addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma where acupuncture may be useful as an adjunct treatment or an acceptable alternative or be included in a comprehensive management program.

Findings from basic research have begun to elucidate the mechanisms of action of acupuncture, including the release of opioids and other peptides in the central nervous system and the periphery and changes in neuroendocrine function. Although much needs to be accomplished, the emergence of plausible mechanisms for the therapeutic effects of acupuncture is encouraging.

The introduction of acupuncture into the choice of treatment modalities that are readily available to the public is in its early stages. Issues of training, licensure, and reimbursement remain to be clarified. There is sufficient evidence, however, of acupuncture’s value to expand its use into conventional medicine and to encourage further studies of its physiology and clinical value. This statement is representative of the opinions of current standard medical practice.

  1. What’s the main idea of the third paragraph?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「段落主旨判斷」。判斷主旨時,不能只看段落開頭是否承接前文,還要觀察段落後續內容究竟集中說明:

  • 治療效果
  • 治療方法
  • 副作用
  • 使用該治療的理由或作用機制

第三段主要說明針灸為何可能產生治療效果,重點在於基礎研究所揭示的生理機制,因此更接近 the reason of using acupuncture treatment。

解題方法

第三段的主題句為:

Findings from basic research have begun to elucidate the mechanisms of action of acupuncture.

翻譯:
「基礎研究的發現已開始闡明針灸的作用機制。」

接著段落列出具體機制:

including the release of opioids and other peptides in the central nervous system and the periphery and changes in neuroendocrine function.

翻譯:
「包括中樞神經系統與周邊釋放類鴉片物質及其他胜肽,以及神經內分泌功能的改變。」

最後指出:

the emergence of plausible mechanisms for the therapeutic effects of acupuncture is encouraging.

翻譯:
「針灸治療效果之合理作用機制逐漸浮現,這是令人鼓舞的。」

由上述內容可知,本段不是單純列舉治療成效,而是說明針灸產生治療效果的科學依據與生理機制。故依校方更正後答案選 (D)。

關鍵單字與片語

  • findings:研究發現
  • basic research:基礎研究
  • elucidate:闡明、說明
  • mechanism of action:作用機制
  • release:釋放
  • opioid:類鴉片物質
  • peptide:胜肽
  • central nervous system:中樞神經系統
  • periphery:周邊、末梢
  • neuroendocrine function:神經內分泌功能
  • therapeutic effect:治療效果
  • plausible:合理可信的
  • encouraging:令人鼓舞的

文法與語意重點

  1. have begun to + 原形動詞

have begun to elucidate

表示「已開始做某事」。現在完成式 havebegunhave begun 強調從過去開始,至今仍具有影響。

  1. including + 名詞或名詞片語
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第 35 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program was established in 1977 and is designed to assess health technology. The program organizes major conferences that produce consensus statements and technology assessment statements on controversial issues in medicine important to health care providers, patients, and the general public. The following statement is from the NIH Consensus Development Statement on Acupuncture on November 3–5, 1997.

Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely practiced in the United States. There have been many studies of its potential usefulness. However, many of these studies provide equivocal results because of design, sample size, and other factors. The issue is further complicated by inherent difficulties in the use of appropriate controls, such as placebo and sham acupuncture groups.

However, promising results have emerged, for example, efficacy of acupuncture in adult post-operative and chemotherapy nausea and vomiting and in post-operative dental pain. There are other situations such as addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma where acupuncture may be useful as an adjunct treatment or an acceptable alternative or be included in a comprehensive management program.

Findings from basic research have begun to elucidate the mechanisms of action of acupuncture, including the release of opioids and other peptides in the central nervous system and the periphery and changes in neuroendocrine function. Although much needs to be accomplished, the emergence of plausible mechanisms for the therapeutic effects of acupuncture is encouraging.

The introduction of acupuncture into the choice of treatment modalities that are readily available to the public is in its early stages. Issues of training, licensure, and reimbursement remain to be clarified. There is sufficient evidence, however, of acupuncture’s value to expand its use into conventional medicine and to encourage further studies of its physiology and clinical value. This statement is representative of the opinions of current standard medical practice.

  1. What was the original purpose of setting up NIH?

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為閱讀測驗的「細節理解題(Detail Question)」,測驗重點在於快速且精準地在文章中定位關鍵字(Key Information Retrieval),並辨認文章用詞與選項之間的「同義置換(Paraphrasing)」。本題關鍵在於辨識「評估/檢視」的同義詞轉換:文章中的動詞 assess 對應到正確選項中的 examine。


解題方法

  1. 關鍵字定位:
  • 題目問:「What was the original purpose of setting up NIH?」(設立該計畫/項目的最初目的是什麼?)
  • 掃讀文章第一段,尋找與「設立(established / set up)」、「最初/目的(purpose / designed to)」相關的句子:

“The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program was established in 1977 and is designed to assess health technology.”
(美國國家衛生研究院共識發展計畫成立於 1977 年,旨在評估醫療/健康科技。)

  1. 語意對應與同義置換:
  • 文章定位句明确指出該計畫的設立旨在:assess health technology。
  • 動詞 assess(評估、核定)在語意上完全等同於選項 (A) 的 examine(檢視、審查、檢驗),受詞亦完全一致(health technology)。因此 (A) 為正確答案。

選項分析

  • (A) To examine the health technology【正確】
    符合文章第一段第一句敘述。文章中的 is designed to assess health technology 經過同義詞置換轉為 To examine the health technology(assess 與 examine 均有「評估、檢驗、審查」之意),受詞完全吻合。

  • (B) To evaluate people’s health【錯誤】
    過度延伸與曲解。文章提到的是評估「醫療科技(health technology)」,而非評估或檢查「一般民眾個人的身體健康(people's health)」。

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第 36 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program was established in 1977 and is designed to assess health technology. The program organizes major conferences that produce consensus statements and technology assessment statements on controversial issues in medicine important to health care providers, patients, and the general public. The following statement is from the NIH Consensus Development Statement on Acupuncture on November 3–5, 1997.

Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely practiced in the United States. There have been many studies of its potential usefulness. However, many of these studies provide equivocal results because of design, sample size, and other factors. The issue is further complicated by inherent difficulties in the use of appropriate controls, such as placebo and sham acupuncture groups.

However, promising results have emerged, for example, efficacy of acupuncture in adult post-operative and chemotherapy nausea and vomiting and in post-operative dental pain. There are other situations such as addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma where acupuncture may be useful as an adjunct treatment or an acceptable alternative or be included in a comprehensive management program.

Findings from basic research have begun to elucidate the mechanisms of action of acupuncture, including the release of opioids and other peptides in the central nervous system and the periphery and changes in neuroendocrine function. Although much needs to be accomplished, the emergence of plausible mechanisms for the therapeutic effects of acupuncture is encouraging.

The introduction of acupuncture into the choice of treatment modalities that are readily available to the public is in its early stages. Issues of training, licensure, and reimbursement remain to be clarified. There is sufficient evidence, however, of acupuncture’s value to expand its use into conventional medicine and to encourage further studies of its physiology and clinical value. This statement is representative of the opinions of current standard medical practice.

  1. What is adjunct treatment?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為「醫學英文專業術語(Medical Terminology)」與「字根字首推論」的測驗,重點在於掌握 adjunct treatment / therapy(輔助治療) 的精確醫學定義與字源結構。

  1. 詞彙結構與醫學定義:
  • adjunct 源自拉丁文 adjunctus(ad-「朝向、附加」+ jungere「連結」),作名詞時意為「附屬物、輔助物」,作形容詞時指「輔助的、附屬的」。
  • 在臨床醫學中,adjunct treatment(或 adjuvant therapy / adjunct therapy) 指的是「搭配主要治療(primary treatment)一併使用的輔助性治療手段」,其核心目的在於增強主要療法/主藥物的療效(increasing efficacy),或是協同降低副作用、預防復發。
  1. 語境線索:
  • 文章第三段中提到:針灸在某些病症中可作為「an adjunct treatment or an acceptable alternative or be included in a comprehensive management program」(輔助治療、可接受的替代療法,或納入綜合管理計畫)。此處將 adjunct treatment 與 alternative(替代療法)並列對比,顯示它並非單獨取代主要手段,而是作為輔助、搭配主要治療使用。

解題方法

  1. 詞義解析與專業定義比對:
  • 「adjunct」本義即為「附屬、輔助」。在四個選項中,僅有 (A) 的敘述「用以提升主要物質/主要療法療效的程序(procedure used for increasing the efficacy of the primary substance)」精準符合臨床醫學上「輔助治療(adjunct/adjuvant therapy)」的定義。
  1. 排除非定義性敘述:
  • (B)、(C)、(D) 選項皆為泛指一般的醫療情境或主觀特質(如:不需要他人協助、需要病人配合、需要花時間向病人解釋),並非醫學術語「adjunct(輔助)」的核心本質定義,直接予以排除。

原文定位與關鍵字詞

  • 文章定位句(第三段第二句):

"There are other situations... where acupuncture may be useful as an adjunct treatment or an acceptable alternative or be included in a comprehensive management program."
(在其他情況下……針灸可能適合作為一種輔助治療,或作為一種可被接受的替代療法,抑或被納入一套全面的管理計畫中。)

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第 37 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program was established in 1977 and is designed to assess health technology. The program organizes major conferences that produce consensus statements and technology assessment statements on controversial issues in medicine important to health care providers, patients, and the general public. The following statement is from the NIH Consensus Development Statement on Acupuncture on November 3–5, 1997.

Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely practiced in the United States. There have been many studies of its potential usefulness. However, many of these studies provide equivocal results because of design, sample size, and other factors. The issue is further complicated by inherent difficulties in the use of appropriate controls, such as placebo and sham acupuncture groups.

However, promising results have emerged, for example, efficacy of acupuncture in adult post-operative and chemotherapy nausea and vomiting and in post-operative dental pain. There are other situations such as addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma where acupuncture may be useful as an adjunct treatment or an acceptable alternative or be included in a comprehensive management program.

Findings from basic research have begun to elucidate the mechanisms of action of acupuncture, including the release of opioids and other peptides in the central nervous system and the periphery and changes in neuroendocrine function. Although much needs to be accomplished, the emergence of plausible mechanisms for the therapeutic effects of acupuncture is encouraging.

The introduction of acupuncture into the choice of treatment modalities that are readily available to the public is in its early stages. Issues of training, licensure, and reimbursement remain to be clarified. There is sufficient evidence, however, of acupuncture’s value to expand its use into conventional medicine and to encourage further studies of its physiology and clinical value. This statement is representative of the opinions of current standard medical practice.

  1. Which syndrome is not mentioned in the article?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與「字面比對」。題目要求找出文章中沒有提到的疾病或症候群,不需依靠醫學常識判斷,只要逐一比對選項與原文即可。

題幹句型:

  • Which syndrome is not mentioned in the article?
    哪一種症候群在文章中沒有被提及?

關鍵在於 not mentioned,表示尋找「文章未出現」的項目。

解題方法

文章列舉針灸可能有幫助的疾病與疼痛問題:

There are other situations such as addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma where acupuncture may be useful...

翻譯:

其他情況,例如成癮、中風復健、頭痛、經痛、網球肘、纖維肌痛、肌筋膜疼痛、骨關節炎、下背痛、腕隧道症候群及氣喘,針灸可能可作為有用的輔助治療、可接受的替代療法,或納入完整的治療管理計畫中。

將原文中的疾病名稱與選項比對,即可判斷:

  • fibromyalgia:原文出現
  • myofascial pain:原文出現
  • osteoarthritis:原文出現
  • influenza:原文沒有出現

因此未被提及的是 influenza。

關鍵單字與片語

  • syndrome:症候群
  • mention:提及、談到
  • fibromyalgia:纖維肌痛
  • myofascial pain:肌筋膜疼痛
  • osteoarthritis:骨關節炎
  • influenza:流行性感冒
  • addiction:成癮
  • stroke rehabilitation:中風復健
  • menstrual cramps:經痛
  • tennis elbow:網球肘
  • carpal tunnel syndrome:腕隧道症候群
  • adjunct treatment:輔助治療
  • acceptable alternative:可接受的替代療法
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第 38 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program was established in 1977 and is designed to assess health technology. The program organizes major conferences that produce consensus statements and technology assessment statements on controversial issues in medicine important to health care providers, patients, and the general public. The following statement is from the NIH Consensus Development Statement on Acupuncture on November 3–5, 1997.

Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely practiced in the United States. There have been many studies of its potential usefulness. However, many of these studies provide equivocal results because of design, sample size, and other factors. The issue is further complicated by inherent difficulties in the use of appropriate controls, such as placebo and sham acupuncture groups.

However, promising results have emerged, for example, efficacy of acupuncture in adult post-operative and chemotherapy nausea and vomiting and in post-operative dental pain. There are other situations such as addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma where acupuncture may be useful as an adjunct treatment or an acceptable alternative or be included in a comprehensive management program.

Findings from basic research have begun to elucidate the mechanisms of action of acupuncture, including the release of opioids and other peptides in the central nervous system and the periphery and changes in neuroendocrine function. Although much needs to be accomplished, the emergence of plausible mechanisms for the therapeutic effects of acupuncture is encouraging.

The introduction of acupuncture into the choice of treatment modalities that are readily available to the public is in its early stages. Issues of training, licensure, and reimbursement remain to be clarified. There is sufficient evidence, however, of acupuncture’s value to expand its use into conventional medicine and to encourage further studies of its physiology and clinical value. This statement is representative of the opinions of current standard medical practice.

  1. What action is launched for the basic research of acupuncture?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解、關鍵字辨識與生理機轉語意。題目問:

What action is launched for the basic research of acupuncture?
關於針灸的基礎研究,所涉及的是哪一項作用?

文章指出,基礎研究已開始說明針灸的作用機轉,其中包括:

“including the release of opioids and other peptides in the central nervous system and the periphery”
「包括在中樞神經系統及周邊釋放類鴉片物質與其他胜肽。」

因此,核心動作是 release(釋放、排出),而不是捕捉、增加或抑制。

解題方法

先定位文章中與 basic research(基礎研究) 直接相關的段落:

“Findings from basic research have begun to elucidate the mechanisms of action of acupuncture, including the release of opioids and other peptides in the central nervous system and the periphery and changes in neuroendocrine function.”

句中:

  • Findings from basic research:來自基礎研究的發現
  • have begun to elucidate:已開始闡明、說明
  • mechanisms of action:作用機轉
  • the release of:……的釋放
  • opioids and other peptides:類鴉片物質與其他胜肽
  • central nervous system:中樞神經系統
  • periphery:周邊,即周邊組織或周邊神經系統
  • neuroendocrine function:神經內分泌功能

題目選項將原文的 release 改以不同動詞表達。只要判斷哪個選項符合「釋放其他胜肽」即可選出答案。

選項分析

(A) To capture peptides in the central nervous system.
「在中樞神經系統中捕捉胜肽。」

capture 是「捕捉、抓住」,與原文的 release(釋放) 意義相反。文章並未表示針灸會捕捉胜肽,因此錯誤。

(B) To increase the opioids in the neuroendocrine function.
「增加神經內分泌功能中的類鴉片物質。」

原文只說針灸作用機轉包括類鴉片物質與其他胜肽的釋放,沒有說是「增加 opioids」。此外,neuroendocrine function 是「神經內分泌功能」,不是類鴉片物質所在的特定場所;此選項也混淆了原文的兩個並列概念:

  • release of opioids and other peptides
  • changes in neuroendocrine function

因此錯誤。

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第 39 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program was established in 1977 and is designed to assess health technology. The program organizes major conferences that produce consensus statements and technology assessment statements on controversial issues in medicine important to health care providers, patients, and the general public. The following statement is from the NIH Consensus Development Statement on Acupuncture on November 3–5, 1997.

Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely practiced in the United States. There have been many studies of its potential usefulness. However, many of these studies provide equivocal results because of design, sample size, and other factors. The issue is further complicated by inherent difficulties in the use of appropriate controls, such as placebo and sham acupuncture groups.

However, promising results have emerged, for example, efficacy of acupuncture in adult post-operative and chemotherapy nausea and vomiting and in post-operative dental pain. There are other situations such as addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma where acupuncture may be useful as an adjunct treatment or an acceptable alternative or be included in a comprehensive management program.

Findings from basic research have begun to elucidate the mechanisms of action of acupuncture, including the release of opioids and other peptides in the central nervous system and the periphery and changes in neuroendocrine function. Although much needs to be accomplished, the emergence of plausible mechanisms for the therapeutic effects of acupuncture is encouraging.

The introduction of acupuncture into the choice of treatment modalities that are readily available to the public is in its early stages. Issues of training, licensure, and reimbursement remain to be clarified. There is sufficient evidence, however, of acupuncture’s value to expand its use into conventional medicine and to encourage further studies of its physiology and clinical value. This statement is representative of the opinions of current standard medical practice.

  1. What’s the standpoint of this article?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「文章主旨與作者立場(standpoint)」。

判斷文章主旨時,應注意:

  1. 文章開頭承認目前針灸研究存在研究設計、樣本數及控制組等問題。
  2. 中段指出針灸在某些病症上已有令人鼓舞的結果。
  3. 結尾提出最明確的立場:目前證據已足以擴大針灸在傳統醫學中的使用,並鼓勵繼續研究其生理機制與臨床價值。

因此,本文不是單純介紹 NIH,也不是要求增加經費,更不是直接鼓勵一般民眾嘗試針灸,而是主張在既有證據基礎上,進一步推廣研究與應用。

解題方法

閱讀測驗的主旨題,應優先尋找:

  • 文章最後的結論句
  • 表示作者立場的動詞,例如 encourage、expand、suggest
  • 能涵蓋全文內容的選項,而非只對應其中一個細節

本題最關鍵的定位句是:

There is sufficient evidence, however, of acupuncture’s value to expand its use into conventional medicine and to encourage further studies of its physiology and clinical value.

翻譯:

然而,目前已有足夠證據顯示針灸具有價值,因此應擴大其在傳統醫學中的使用,並鼓勵進一步研究其生理機制與臨床價值。

句中的 to expand 與 to encourage 直接表明文章的主要主張:擴大針灸應用,並鼓勵後續研究。四個選項中,只有選項 A 明確對應到 encourage further studies。

文章語意重點

文章並非宣稱針灸已被充分證實,而是採取「審慎支持」的立場:

  • equivocal results:結果不明確、模稜兩可
  • appropriate controls:適當的對照組
  • placebo:安慰劑
  • sham acupuncture:假針灸、偽針灸
  • promising results:令人鼓舞的結果
  • post-operative:術後的
  • chemotherapy nausea and vomiting:化學治療引起的噁心與嘔吐
  • adjunct treatment:輔助治療
  • acceptable alternative:可接受的替代療法
  • elucidate:闡明、解釋
  • mechanisms of action:作用機轉
  • opioids:鴉片類物質、類鴉片胜肽
  • neuroendocrine function:神經內分泌功能
  • licensure:執照制度、取得執業資格
  • reimbursement:醫療費用給付、健保或保險補償
  • conventional medicine:傳統醫學、主流醫學
  • physiology:生理機制、生理學

其中 however、although 等轉折語尤其重要:

  • However, promising results have emerged...
    表示雖然研究有不足,部分結果仍然令人鼓舞。
  • Although much needs to be accomplished...
    表示雖然仍有許多工作要完成,但目前已有值得肯定的進展。
  • There is sufficient evidence, however...
    however 引導全文結論,指出作者最後的支持立場。

選項分析

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第 40 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program was established in 1977 and is designed to assess health technology. The program organizes major conferences that produce consensus statements and technology assessment statements on controversial issues in medicine important to health care providers, patients, and the general public. The following statement is from the NIH Consensus Development Statement on Acupuncture on November 3–5, 1997.

Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely practiced in the United States. There have been many studies of its potential usefulness. However, many of these studies provide equivocal results because of design, sample size, and other factors. The issue is further complicated by inherent difficulties in the use of appropriate controls, such as placebo and sham acupuncture groups.

However, promising results have emerged, for example, efficacy of acupuncture in adult post-operative and chemotherapy nausea and vomiting and in post-operative dental pain. There are other situations such as addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma where acupuncture may be useful as an adjunct treatment or an acceptable alternative or be included in a comprehensive management program.

Findings from basic research have begun to elucidate the mechanisms of action of acupuncture, including the release of opioids and other peptides in the central nervous system and the periphery and changes in neuroendocrine function. Although much needs to be accomplished, the emergence of plausible mechanisms for the therapeutic effects of acupuncture is encouraging.

The introduction of acupuncture into the choice of treatment modalities that are readily available to the public is in its early stages. Issues of training, licensure, and reimbursement remain to be clarified. There is sufficient evidence, however, of acupuncture’s value to expand its use into conventional medicine and to encourage further studies of its physiology and clinical value. This statement is representative of the opinions of current standard medical practice.

  1. What conclusion is made at the end of the article?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「文章結論判讀」與「主旨句定位」。解題重點不在於找出文章提到過的所有資訊,而在於判斷作者最後對針灸所提出的整體結論。

文章前段指出針灸研究結果曾受到研究設計、樣本數及對照組等因素影響,證據並不完全一致;中段則說明針灸在噁心嘔吐、術後牙痛等方面已出現令人鼓舞的結果。文章結尾進一步表示,針灸已有足夠證據支持其價值,應擴大應用於傳統醫學。

因此,最佳答案是「鼓勵人們接受或使用針灸治療」。

解題方法

閱讀題組的結論題,應優先注意:

  1. 文章最後一段。
  2. however、there is sufficient evidence、encourage 等表示轉折、結論與態度的字詞。
  3. 判斷選項是否真正概括作者的最終立場,而非只擷取文章中的局部資訊。

定位答案的關鍵句是:

There is sufficient evidence, however, of acupuncture’s value to expand its use into conventional medicine and to encourage further studies of its physiology and clinical value.

翻譯為:

然而,已有充分證據顯示針灸具有價值,因此應擴大其在傳統醫學中的使用,並鼓勵進一步研究其生理機制與臨床價值。

其中:

  • There is sufficient evidence of ...:有充分證據證明……
  • acupuncture’s value:針灸的價值
  • to expand its use:擴大其使用範圍
  • into conventional medicine:納入傳統醫學
  • to encourage further studies:鼓勵進一步研究

to expand 與 to encourage 共同說明充分證據所支持的後續行動。文章不是只說針灸已在西方國家被使用,而是主張應擴大其應用,因此最符合選項 D。

文法與語意重點

關鍵句中的 There is sufficient evidence ... to expand its use 可理解為:

有足夠的證據,因此可以擴大針灸的使用。

however 放在句中,表示語意轉折。前文承認針灸研究存在限制,結尾卻轉而指出目前已有足夠證據支持其價值。

此外,encourage further studies 指的是「鼓勵未來進行更多研究」,不等於「目前已經有更多科學研究可供使用」。這是選項 B 的主要錯誤。

選項分析

(A) Acupuncture is practiced in western countries.
針灸在西方國家有被施行。

文章開頭確實提到:

Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely practiced in the United States.

意思是「針灸作為一種治療方式,在美國被廣泛施行」。因此,選項 A 是文章中的事實,但它只是背景資訊,並非文章最後的結論。題目問的是 What conclusion is made at the end of the article?,所以 A 不是最佳答案。

(B) More scientific studies are available now.
現在有更多科學研究可供使用。

文章最後提到:

to encourage further studies of its physiology and clinical value

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第 作文 題20 分

Please write, in at least 300 words, a well-organized essay to express your opinion on:

“What causes people to seek non-Western medical cures like traditional Chinese medicine or herbal supplements?”

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為義守大學學士後中醫學系極具代表性的醫學與專業關聯型因果分析議論文(Cause-and-Effect Essay)。考題核心在於評量考生能否:

  1. 結合後中醫背景知識與當代醫病關係:深刻切入現代常規西醫(Conventional Western Medicine)在面對慢性病與全身調理時的限制,以及中醫或草藥療法(Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM / Complementary and Alternative Medicine, CAM)具備的獨特優勢(整體觀、注重身心平衡、天然少副作用)。
  2. 展現嚴謹的學術論證架構:具備清楚的主題句(Thesis Statement)、多維度的因果邏輯推導(推力與拉力模型:Push and Pull Factors),並達成「至少 300 字」的字數門檻要求。
  3. 運用高階醫療與人文社科詞彙:熟練使用諸如整體觀、慢性疾病管理、醫病溝通、身心和諧等英美醫學期刊常見用詞。

解題方法

撰寫本題應採用**「推力—拉力架構(Push-Pull Model)」**建立立論深度:

  • 引言段(Introduction):由當前全球整合醫療(Integrative Medicine)與替代療法的普及趨勢切入,提出明確的主題句(Thesis Statement),點出人們尋求非西醫療法主要源於「西醫對慢性病與副作用的局限(推力)」與「中醫整體觀、個性化診療及天然和諧哲學(拉力)」。
  • 發展段一(Push Factors:現代西醫的困境與局限):論述西醫在治療退化性疾病或慢性疼痛時,常仰賴藥物控制症狀,伴隨潛在副作用與耐藥性;且過度專業分科容易忽視病患身為「全人」的心理與生活感受。
  • 發展段二(Pull Factors:中醫與草藥療法的核心吸引力):論述中醫的「整體觀(Holistic approach)」與「辨證論治(Pattern differentiation / Personalized treatment)」,強調恢復體內陰陽平衡(Homeostasis / Yin-Yang balance),並透過天然草藥與非侵入性療法(如針灸)提供身心整合的療癒。
  • 發展段三(文化認同與醫病互動深度):探討文化哲學共鳴(預防勝於治療的「治未病」思維),以及中醫師診察時細緻的望聞問切所帶來的心理安慰與情感支持。
  • 結論段(Conclusion):重述要點,並昇華至「中西醫整合(Integration of Western and Eastern Medicine)」為病患帶來最佳健康福祉的宏觀視野。

精選範文(420 words)

In an era dominated by rapid advances in biomedical technology, conventional Western medicine has achieved remarkable breakthroughs in acute trauma, infectious disease control, and surgical interventions. Nevertheless, a growing number of individuals worldwide are actively turning to non-Western therapies, most notably Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and herbal supplements. This healthcare shift is primarily driven by dissatisfaction with the limitations and adverse effects of conventional treatments, a philosophical alignment with holistic healing, and the pursuit of personalized, empathetic patient care.

First and foremost, the inherent limitations and pharmacologic drawbacks of conventional Western medicine serve as a significant "push" factor. Western medicine frequently adopts a mechanistic, reductionist approach that focuses on isolated symptoms or specific organs rather than the patient as a whole. While effective for acute ailments, this model often struggles with chronic, complex, or psychosomatic disorders such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, and autoimmune conditions. Patients facing lifelong regimens of synthetic pharmaceuticals frequently experience debilitating side effects, dependency, or diminished quality of life, compelling them to seek therapeutic avenues that promise relief without chemical toxicity.

Conversely, the profound "pull" factor lies in the holistic philosophy and individualized care intrinsic to Traditional Chinese Medicine. Rather than merely eradicating pathology, TCM conceptualizes the human body as an integrated ecosystem gover

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其他考古題

104 年義守大學的其他科目

義守大學《英文》其他年度

其他學校的《英文》