義守大學 109 年 《英文》
第 1 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Usage: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
To improve sleep quality, Chinese red dates can help people who have ________ from lack of qi and blood deficiency.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 字彙辨識:判斷四個名詞的中文意義。
- 語意搭配:依據句中「改善睡眠品質」及「氣血不足」判斷最合理的症狀。
- 句型用法:
have + 名詞,表示「患有/出現某種疾病或症狀」。
題幹:
To improve sleep quality, Chinese red dates can help people who have ________ from lack of qi and blood deficiency.
翻譯:
為了改善睡眠品質,紅棗可以幫助因氣血不足而患有__的人。
其中,improve sleep quality 指「改善睡眠品質」,是定位答案的重要線索。
解題方法
先觀察句首的目的片語:
To improve sleep quality
既然句意與「改善睡眠」直接相關,空格應填入一種睡眠問題。四個選項中,只有 insomnia 符合。
完整句意為:
To improve sleep quality, Chinese red dates can help people who have insomnia from lack of qi and blood deficiency.
即:
為了改善睡眠品質,紅棗可以幫助因氣血不足而失眠的人。
insomnia 是不可數名詞,表示「失眠」,可直接放在 have 後面:
- have insomnia:患有失眠症/有失眠問題
選項分析
(A) stroke
stroke 名詞,意為「中風」。
have a stroke 表示「中風」。中風屬於腦血管疾病,並非「為了改善睡眠品質」所對應的直接症狀,因此與題幹語意不合。
此外,若表示一次中風,通常使用冠詞:
- have a stroke
題目空格後沒有冠詞,直接填入 stroke 也不符合最自然的搭配。
(B) insomnia
insomnia 名詞,意為「失眠、失眠症」。
題幹先提到:
第 2 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Usage: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
Stopping using the antibiotics may lead to __________ of the infection.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與固定搭配:
- lead to + 名詞/動名詞:導致……
- resurgence:復甦、再起;在疾病語境中指感染的「復發、再度增強」
- infection:感染、感染症
題幹:
Stopping using the antibiotics may lead to resurgence of the infection.
停止使用抗生素可能導致感染復發。
停止抗生素後,原本尚未完全控制的病原體可能再次增殖,使感染重新出現或加重,因此選 resurgence 最符合語意。
解題方法
先觀察句型:
lead to + __________ of the infection
空格後接 of the infection,需要填入能表示「感染再次出現或增強」的名詞。
逐一比較選項後,只有 resurgence 能與感染搭配,形成合理語意:
lead to a resurgence of the infection
導致感染復發
題目未使用冠詞 a,但在一般英文表達中,通常會寫成 a resurgence of the infection。此處依官方答案判定,核心仍是辨識 resurgence 的字義與語境。
選項分析
- (A) demise:死亡、終結、衰亡。
常指人、制度或事物的消亡,例如 the demise of the company(公司的倒閉/衰亡)。
demise of the infection 表示「感染的消亡」,與停止抗生素後感染重新出現的語意相反,因此錯誤。
第 3 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Usage: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
This musician is known for his ________. He can play five different musical instruments well.
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核心觀念
本題考查「字義判斷」與「語境搭配」。
句型為:
This musician is known for his ________.
介系詞 for 後面接名詞,表示「因為……而聞名」。後句補充說明這位音樂家能熟練演奏五種不同樂器,因此空格應填入表示「多才多藝、適應力強、具多種技能」的名詞。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句為:
He can play five different musical instruments well.
他能熟練演奏五種不同的樂器。
能夠同時精通多種樂器,表示這位音樂家具有多方面的才能與技巧,因此:
This musician is known for his versatility.
這位音樂家以他的多才多藝聞名。
versatility 是不可數名詞,意為「多才多藝;多用途性;適應多種情況的能力」,符合題意。
選項分析
(A) versatility 多才多藝;適應力;多用途性
正確。
versatility 指一個人能勝任多種不同活動,或一項事物具有多種用途。題幹說音樂家能熟練演奏五種樂器,正是「多才多藝」的表現。
常見搭配:
- show versatility 展現多才多藝
- demonstrate versatility 展現適應多種工作的能力
- be known for one’s versatility 因多才多藝而聞名
(B) disparity 差異;不平等;懸殊
錯誤。
disparity 指兩者之間明顯的差距或不平等,例如:
- income disparity 所得差距
- disparity between rich and poor 貧富差距
第 4 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Usage: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
Certain herbs act as a ________ to other herbs. The synergy obtained from a combination of herbs is the best solution to some illnesses.
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核心觀念
本題考「字彙辨義」與「上下文語意判斷」。空格前有不定冠詞 a,後方接名詞;關鍵在於題幹中的 synergy 與 combination of herbs,表示某些草藥能促進、增強其他草藥的作用。
定位答案的關鍵句
Certain herbs act as a ________ to other herbs.
某些草藥對其他草藥而言可發揮一種「______」的作用。
The synergy obtained from a combination of herbs is the best solution to some illnesses.
由多種草藥組合所產生的協同作用,是某些疾病的最佳解決方式。
其中 synergy 意為「協同作用、加成效果」,指不同成分共同作用時,效果可能比單獨使用更強。因此空格應填入能表示「促進其他成分作用」的名詞。
解題方法
先判斷詞性:空格前為 a,因此須填入可數單數名詞。
再依語意判斷:
- 草藥對其他草藥產生協同、增強效果。
- 能促進或加速其他物質作用的名詞是 catalyst。
- 後句的 synergy 進一步提示「相互促進、產生加成效果」的概念。
因此選 catalyst。
選項分析
(A) constipation
constipation 是「便祕」,為疾病或症狀名詞。
代入後:
Certain herbs act as a constipation to other herbs.
語意變成「某些草藥對其他草藥而言是便祕」,不符合句意;此外,constipation 通常指人體排便困難,不能表示促進其他草藥作用的角色。
(B) catalyst
catalyst 是「催化劑、促進因素」。
在化學上,催化劑能加速反應進行,而在一般英文中也可引申為「促成某種變化或增強效果的因素」。題幹將某些草藥比喻為能促進其他草藥發揮作用的成分,與後文的 synergy 完全相符。
代入後:
第 5 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Usage: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
________ tumors are cancerous and formed from abnormal cells.
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核心觀念
本題考查醫學英文單字與語意判斷,關鍵在於區分:
- malignant tumor:惡性腫瘤,具有癌症性質,通常能夠侵入周圍組織,甚至轉移。
- benign tumor:良性腫瘤,通常不屬於癌症,生長較局限。
- detached:分離的、脫離的。
- neutral:中性的、不偏向任何一方的。
題幹明確指出腫瘤「是癌性的」,因此應選擇表示「惡性的」的 Malignant。
解題方法
定位題幹中的關鍵語句:
________ tumors are cancerous and formed from abnormal cells.
________ 腫瘤是癌性的,並且由異常細胞形成。
其中 are cancerous 是判斷答案的核心。醫學英文中,表示「癌性、惡性」的形容詞是 malignant,因此完整句子為:
Malignant tumors are cancerous and formed from abnormal cells.
惡性腫瘤具有癌症性質,並且由異常細胞形成。
句首空格修飾複數名詞 tumors,四個選項皆可作形容詞使用,真正的判斷重點是語意,而非文法形式。
選項分析
(A) Benign
benign 意為「良性的」。Benign tumors 指良性腫瘤,通常不具癌症性質,與題幹中的 cancerous 意思相反,因此不適合。
完整句若填入此字:
Benign tumors are cancerous...
會變成「良性腫瘤是癌性的」,語意矛盾。
(B) Detached
第 6 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Usage: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
Certain foods are common causes of ________. For example, dairy products contain sugar lactose, which causes gastrointestinal gas.
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核心觀念
本題考「醫學英文單字辨義」與「語境判斷」。
題幹描述某些食物會造成腸胃道氣體,而乳製品中的乳糖會引起此症狀。因此空格應填入表示「腸胃脹氣、排氣過多」的名詞 flatulence。
乳糖若未被充分消化吸收,會進入大腸,經腸道細菌發酵而產生氣體,導致腹脹與排氣增加。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句為:
Certain foods are common causes of ________.
某些食物是造成 ________ 的常見原因。
下一句進一步解釋:
dairy products contain sugar lactose, which causes gastrointestinal gas.
乳製品含有乳糖,而乳糖會造成腸胃道氣體。
其中 gastrointestinal gas 已直接提示「腸胃脹氣、腸胃氣體增加」的症狀,因此空格須填入與腸胃氣體相關的名詞。
完整句意為:
Certain foods are common causes of flatulence.
某些食物是造成腸胃脹氣的常見原因。
選項分析
(A) flatulence
flatulence:腸胃脹氣;排氣過多。
此字指消化道內氣體增加,通常伴隨腹脹或頻繁排氣。乳糖不耐症患者食用乳製品後,乳糖經腸道細菌發酵產生氣體,正符合題幹描述。
因此,(A) 符合語意,為正確答案。
(B) hemorrhage
hemorrhage:出血;大量出血。
此字指血管破裂造成的出血,常見於創傷、胃腸道出血或腦出血等情況。食物中的乳糖會造成腸胃氣體,並非造成出血,因此不符合題意。
(C) vertigo
vertigo:眩暈;天旋地轉的感覺。
第 7 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Usage: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
While doctors had perfected the art of __________—the surgical removal, they didn’t yet understand why people didn’t just go back to their normal lives. It would be another hundred years before doctors appreciated and began treating the psychological effects of losing a limb.
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核心觀念
本題考查醫學英文單字與上下文語意判斷,關鍵在於:
- amputation:截肢;以手術切除肢體
- surgical removal:外科手術切除
- losing a limb:失去一隻肢體
- psychological effects:心理影響
題幹後半提到「失去肢體的心理影響」,因此前文所指的手術必須是「切除肢體」,答案為 amputation。
解題方法
定位關鍵句:
While doctors had perfected the art of __________—the surgical removal, they didn’t yet understand why people didn’t just go back to their normal lives.
翻譯:
雖然醫師已經精通了__________這項技術,也就是外科切除手術,但他們當時還不了解,人們為什麼沒有恢復正常生活。
接著觀察下一句:
It would be another hundred years before doctors appreciated and began treating the psychological effects of losing a limb.
翻譯:
又過了一百年,醫師才了解並開始治療失去肢體所造成的心理影響。
其中 losing a limb 已明確提示前文談的是「肢體切除」。能與 the surgical removal 形成同位語解釋,且能與 losing a limb 相互呼應的字只有 amputation。
完整句意為:
While doctors had perfected the art of amputation—the surgical removal, they didn’t yet understand why people didn’t just go back to their normal lives.
雖然醫師已經精通截肢,也就是外科切除手術,但他們當時還不了解,人們為什麼沒有恢復正常生活。
文法與語意重點
- While 在此表示「雖然」,引導讓步副詞子句。
- While doctors had perfected...:雖然醫師已經精通……
- 主句為 they didn’t yet understand...:但他們尚不了解……
第 8 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Usage: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
If someone is suspected of taking or making drugs, some items in his room can be easily identified as drug-related __________.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與語境判斷,關鍵在於辨認與毒品相關的器具、用品應使用哪一個名詞。
句中主詞為:
some items in his room
他房間裡的一些物品
這些物品若被懷疑與製造或使用毒品有關,最合理的名稱是 drug-related paraphernalia,意為「與毒品有關的器具、用品」。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句為:
some items in his room can be easily identified as drug-related __________.
翻譯為:
他房間裡的一些物品,很容易被辨認為與毒品有關的____。
句意顯示空格必須填入「毒品使用或製造所需的器具、用品」。英文中:
- paraphernalia:工具、器具、裝備;特別指某種活動所需的一套用品
- drug paraphernalia:吸食、製造或處理毒品所使用的器具
因此完整片語為:
drug-related paraphernalia
與毒品有關的器具、用品
句型 identify A as B 表示「辨認出 A 是 B」,此處 drug-related paraphernalia 是介系詞 as 後面的名詞補語,說明這些物品的身分或用途。
選項分析
(A) parasol
意為「陽傘、遮陽傘」,通常用於遮擋陽光。例如:
She carried a parasol on the sunny afternoon.
她在晴朗的午後撐著一把陽傘。
陽傘與毒品器具沒有語意關聯,因此不符合題幹情境。
(B) paraphernalia
意為「器具、用品、裝備」,常用來指某種活動、嗜好或用途所需的相關物品。常見搭配包括:
第 9 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Usage: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
__________ originally refers to the fear of open spaces or the avoidance of social events, but it is actually a more complex condition.
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核心觀念
本題考查心理學相關單字的字義辨識,以及依據語境判斷名詞。關鍵在於辨認各種以 -phobia 結尾的單字:
- agoraphobia:廣場恐懼症;原指害怕空曠、開放的場所,現泛指害怕身處難以逃離或難以獲得協助的情境。
- acrophobia:懼高症。
- claustrophobia:幽閉恐懼症,害怕狹小、封閉的空間。
- hydrophobia:恐水症;亦可指狂犬病所造成的怕水症狀。
解題方法
先抓題幹中的定義:
“__________ originally refers to the fear of open spaces or the avoidance of social events, but it is actually a more complex condition.”
「__________ 原本指的是對開放空間的恐懼,或避免社交活動,但它其實是一種更複雜的狀況。」
其中 the fear of open spaces(對開放空間的恐懼)直接對應 agoraphobia。空格需要填入一個能作為句子主詞的心理疾病名詞,因此答案為 Agoraphobia。
文法與語意重點
- originally refers to:原本指的是……
- the fear of open spaces:對開放空間的恐懼。
- the avoidance of social events:避免社交活動。
- but:表示轉折,說明現代醫學上的定義比原始字面意義更複雜。
第 10 題2 分
I. Vocabulary and Usage: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
After a long and tough campaign, the winners continuously __________ over their victory in the nationwide election.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義與語意搭配」。句中關鍵片語是 gloat over,意為「對……幸災樂禍地洋洋得意、沾沾自喜」。通常表示某人因勝利或他人的失敗而過度炫耀、得意。
題幹定位答案的關鍵句為:
After a long and tough campaign, the winners continuously gloat over their victory in the nationwide election.
經過一場漫長而艱苦的競選活動後,勝選者持續對自己在全國性選舉中的勝利沾沾自喜。
「winners」與「victory」都明確指向「勝利後得意炫耀」的語意,因此選 gloat。
解題方法
先觀察空格後面的搭配:
句型為:
空格需要填入一個動詞,且能與 over 搭配。句意是「勝選者持續對勝利感到過度得意」,最符合的動詞是 gloat。
選項分析
- (A) mourn:哀悼、悲傷。
mourn 表示因死亡、失敗或重大損失而悲痛,例如 mourn the loss of a loved one(哀悼親人的逝世)。勝選者不會對自己的勝利感到悲傷,因此語意不合。雖然 mourn over 可表示「為……悲傷」,但本句主詞與上下文均不支持此義。
第 11 題2 分
II. Grammar: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
We had a lot of discipline during childhood. Our teachers insisted that we ________ on time.
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核心觀念
本題考「要求、命令、堅持」類動詞後接 that 子句時的假設語氣,稱為 mandative subjunctive(要求型假設語氣)。
句型為:
當主句使用 insist、demand、suggest、recommend、require、propose 等表示要求或主張的動詞時,that 子句中的動詞使用原形,不受主詞人稱或主句時態影響。
因此:
其中 be 是原形動詞。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
Our teachers insisted that we ________ on time.
翻譯為:
我們的老師堅持要求我們準時。
前句:
We had a lot of discipline during childhood.
可翻譯為:
我們童年時受到許多紀律要求/管教。
關鍵單字與片語:
- discipline:紀律;管教
- during childhood:在童年期間
- insist:堅持;堅決要求
- insist that:堅持要求……
- on time:準時
解題方法
先找出主句的核心動詞:
Our teachers insisted that ...
insist 表示「堅持要求」,後面的 that 子句屬於要求型假設語氣,因此 that 子句的動詞必須使用原形。
主詞為 we,動詞 be 的原形仍是 be:
we be on time
完整句意是:
老師堅持要求我們準時。
因此選擇 (B) be。
選項分析
(A) being
being 是 be 的現在分詞或動名詞形式。要求型假設語氣需要原形動詞,不能在此使用 being。
錯誤句型:
insisted that we being on time
that 子句中缺乏正確的限定動詞形式,因此不合文法。
(B) be
be 是原形動詞,符合:
第 12 題2 分
II. Grammar: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
People snore because they have trouble ________ while they are asleep.
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核心觀念
本題考「固定句型:have trouble/difficulty + V-ing」,表示「做某事有困難」。
句型結構如下:
題幹中的 have trouble ________ 後面必須接動名詞,因此答案為 breathing。
此外,snore(打鼾)與 while they are asleep(當他們睡著時)提供語意線索:人會打鼾,是因為睡眠時呼吸不順或呼吸困難。
解題方法
先觀察空格前的片語:
have trouble ________
have trouble 是固定用法,後面接動名詞,表示「在……方面有困難」。
因此:
People snore because they have trouble breathing while they are asleep.
翻譯為:
人們會打鼾,因為他們睡著時呼吸有困難。
題幹中定位答案的關鍵句為:
they have trouble breathing while they are asleep
其中 have trouble breathing 即「呼吸有困難」,文法與語意均完整。
選項分析
(A) breathing
正確。breathing 是動名詞,符合 have trouble + V-ing 的固定句型。
breathing 在此不是單純表示進行中的動作,而是作為動名詞,指「呼吸」這件事。整句意為「睡覺時呼吸有困難」。
(B) to breathe
錯誤。to breathe 是不定詞。have trouble 後面通常接動名詞,不接不定詞。
第 13 題2 分
II. Grammar: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
________ a nuclear plant go wrong, the impact on its surrounding area could be disastrous.
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核心觀念
本題考「條件句的倒裝」,尤其是正式英文中以 Should 代替 If … should … 的用法。
句型如下:
等同於:
因此:
- Should a nuclear plant go wrong, ...
- = If a nuclear plant should go wrong, ...
此句表示「萬一核電廠發生故障」,語氣較正式,強調事件雖不一定發生,但一旦發生,後果將十分嚴重。
題幹定位與翻譯
原句:
Should a nuclear plant go wrong, the impact on its surrounding area could be disastrous.
翻譯:
萬一核電廠發生故障,對其周遭地區的影響可能會是災難性的。
句中:
- nuclear plant:核電廠、核能電廠
- go wrong:出問題、發生故障
- impact:影響、衝擊
- surrounding area:周遭地區
- disastrous:災難性的、造成極大損害的
- could be:可能會是
解題方法
先觀察空格後面的結構:
a nuclear plant go wrong
其中 go 是原形動詞,前面沒有助動詞或情態動詞。
選項 Should 放入後形成:
Should + a nuclear plant + go wrong
這正是條件句倒裝結構,還原後為:
If a nuclear plant should go wrong, ...
語意也完全合理:核電廠一旦出問題,周遭地區可能受到災難性影響。
選項分析
(A) If
若填入後為:
If a nuclear plant go wrong, ...
在一般現代英文的標準條件句中,第三人稱單數主詞 a nuclear plant 後面的現在式動詞應為 goes:
If a nuclear plant goes wrong, ...
因此,直接使用 If 時,題幹原有的原形動詞 go 不符合一般標準句型。若要使用 If,應改寫為:
If a nuclear plant should go wrong, ...
所以本選項不適合本題所提供的句子結構。
(B) Unless
第 14 題2 分
II. Grammar: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
Dr. McDonough is a person ________.
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核心觀念:關係代名詞與介系詞搭配
本題考「介系詞+關係代名詞」的用法,以及固定片語 have confidence in somebody。
- confidence:信心;信任
- have confidence in:對某人有信心;信任某人
- person:人
- in whom:對其、對這個人;其中 whom 指人,且作介系詞 in 的受詞
原句可還原為:
I don’t have much confidence in Dr. McDonough.
我不太信任 McDonough 醫師。
將 Dr. McDonough 改為指人的關係代名詞,並把介系詞 in 移到關係代名詞前面:
a person in whom I don’t have much confidence
因此完整句意為:
Dr. McDonough is a person in whom I don’t have much confidence.
McDonough 醫師是一位我不太信任的人。
解題方法
先辨認固定搭配:
題幹中的關係子句是:
________ I don’t have much confidence
此處缺少的是「介系詞 in 的受詞」,而先行詞 a person 指人,所以正式文法須使用 whom:
因此答案為:
in whom I don’t have much confidence
選項分析
(A) in whom I don’t have much confidence
正確。
- in 是固定片語 have confidence in 中不可缺少的介系詞。
- whom 指代前面的 a person,並作介系詞 in 的受詞。
- 「介系詞+whom」是正式、標準的關係子句寫法。
句型:
a person in whom I don’t have much confidence
(B) of that I don’t have much confidence
錯誤。
有兩個問題:
第 15 題2 分
II. Grammar: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
Not until I lay in bed ________ the quiz tomorrow.
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核心觀念
本題考「否定或限制性副詞片語置於句首時的倒裝句型」,尤其是 Not until + 時間/事件 的用法。
當 Not until... 置於句首時,主句必須使用部分倒裝:
例如:
- Not until midnight did he finish his homework.
- Not until I arrived did I realize my mistake.
本題的句型為:
Not until I lay in bed did I think of the quiz tomorrow.
其中 did 是過去式助動詞,後面接主詞 I,再接原形動詞 think。
關鍵單字與片語
- not until:直到……才……
- lay in bed:躺在床上
- lie 的過去式是 lay。
- think of:想到、想起
- quiz:小考、測驗
- tomorrow:明天
解題方法
先找出句首的限制性否定片語:
Not until I lay in bed
此片語表示「直到我躺在床上才……」,置於句首後,主句必須倒裝。
原本正常語序可以寫成:
I did not think of the quiz tomorrow until I lay in bed.
將 Not until I lay in bed 移到句首後,主句改為部分倒裝:
Not until I lay in bed did I think of the quiz tomorrow.
因此空格必須填入:
故選 (A) did I think of。
題幹定位與翻譯
定位答案的關鍵句為:
Not until I lay in bed did I think of the quiz tomorrow.
翻譯為:
直到我躺在床上,我才想到明天的小考。
句意是:說話者直到躺到床上時,才想起隔天有小考。
選項分析
(A) did I think of
正確。句首有 Not until,主句須使用部分倒裝:
did + 主詞 I + 原形動詞 think
而 did 已經表示過去式,因此後面的動詞使用原形 think,不能寫成 thought。
(B) I thought of
第 16 題2 分
II. Grammar: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
They turned off the air conditioning __________ their catching a cold.
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核心觀念
本題考「表示恐懼原因的片語」及其後方所接的結構:
- for fear of + 名詞/動名詞(V-ing):唯恐……、因害怕……
- for fear that + 子句(主詞 + 動詞):唯恐……、以免……
題幹中的 their catching a cold 是「所有格 + 動名詞」結構,其中:
- their:動名詞 catching 的邏輯主詞
- catching a cold:感冒這件事
- for fear of 後面接名詞性片語,因此可接 their catching a cold
解題方法
先找出空格後面的結構:
their catching a cold
其中 catching 是動名詞,整個 their catching a cold 可視為名詞片語,意思是「他們感冒這件事」。
因此,空格應填入能接名詞或動名詞的介系詞片語:
for fear of + 名詞/動名詞
完整句子為:
They turned off the air conditioning for fear of their catching a cold.
他們關掉空調,因為害怕自己會感冒。
句意合理:他們關掉冷氣,是為了避免自己感冒。
選項分析
(A) for fear that
for fear that 後面必須接完整子句,即「主詞 + 動詞」:
for fear that they might catch a cold
題幹卻是:
their catching a cold
這不是完整子句,而是「所有格 + 動名詞」的名詞性結構,因此 for fear that 無法直接搭配,故錯誤。
若改寫為:
They turned off the air conditioning for fear that they would catch a cold.
此時 that 後面有主詞 they 和動詞 would catch,句型才正確。
第 17 題2 分
II. Grammar: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
The man confessed __________ a fever last night.
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核心觀念
本題考「動詞 confess 的固定用法」以及「完成式動名詞」。
- confess to + V-ing:承認做過某事
- confess to lying:承認說謊
- confess to stealing:承認偷竊
此處的 to 是介系詞,後面必須接名詞或動名詞,不能接原形動詞。
- having had 是完成式動名詞,表示「在 confess 之前已經發生過」的動作或狀態。
句中:
The man confessed to having had a fever last night.
那名男子承認自己昨晚曾經發燒。
解題方法
先判斷 confess 後面的句型。
常見結構如下:
- confess to + 名詞
- confess to + V-ing
- confess that + 子句
題幹空格後面是 a fever。若要表達「曾經發燒」,英文必須使用:
再套入 confess to 的句型:
因此完整句子為:
The man confessed to having had a fever last night.
選項分析
(A) having had to
錯誤。此選項會形成:
confessed having had to a fever
問題有二:
- confess 後若直接接動名詞,通常不能省略介系詞 to。標準句型是 confess to doing something。
- have had to 中的 had to 表示「不得不」,後面必須接原形動詞,例如 had to leave、had to work;不能接 a fever。
第 18 題2 分
II. Grammar: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
It is justifiable to say that the poison, __________, will be a kind of medicine.
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核心觀念:被動語態的分詞片語與省略副詞子句
本題考查「時間副詞子句的省略」以及「主動、被動分詞的判斷」。
題幹中的插入語:
when used in small quantity
可還原為:
when it is used in small quantity
其中主詞 it 指的是前面的 the poison。由於 poison 是「被使用」的對象,而不是「使用某物」的執行者,因此必須使用被動語態:
省略主詞與 be 動詞後,留下過去分詞 used,形成被動的分詞片語。
解題方法
先辨認句子的主要結構:
It is justifiable to say that the poison, __________, will be a kind of medicine.
主要句型為:
It is justifiable to say that...
說……是合理的/有道理的。
在 the poison 後面的逗號之間,是補充說明 poison 使用情況的插入語。將各選項代入時,必須檢查兩點:
- use 應該使用何種形式?
- poison 是執行「使用」的主體,還是接受「使用」的對象?
語意是「毒藥在少量使用時,會成為一種藥」。毒藥是被使用,因此要用:
when used in small quantity
完整句意為:
It is justifiable to say that the poison, when used in small quantity, will be a kind of medicine.
說毒藥在少量使用時會成為一種藥,是合理的。
選項分析
(A) when use in small quantity
錯誤。use 是原形動詞,不能直接放在被動結構中。
被動語態應為:
因此應寫成:
when it is used
而不是:
when use
此外,省略 it is 後,仍必須保留過去分詞 used,所以本選項少了字尾 -d。
(B) using when in small quantity
錯誤。此選項的語序不符合正常英文表達。若使用現在分詞 using,通常應為:
when using...
第 19 題2 分
II. Grammar: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
__________ they burst into tears.
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核心觀念
本題考「No sooner ... than ...」句型,以及句首否定/限制副詞片語所引發的倒裝句。
句型為:
意思是「一……就……」或「才剛……便……」。其中:
- no sooner:才剛、剛……就……
- than:比、當……時;在此為固定句型的一部分
- had heard:過去完成式,表示較早發生的動作
- burst into tears:突然哭起來、淚流滿面
題幹完整句為:
No sooner had they heard the bad news than they burst into tears.
翻譯為:「他們才剛聽到這個壞消息,就突然哭了起來。」
解題方法
先觀察句首為 No sooner。當 No sooner 放在句首時,後面的主要子句必須採用倒裝語序:
一般語序:
They had no sooner heard the bad news than they burst into tears.
句首倒裝後:
No sooner had they heard the bad news than they burst into tears.
倒裝方式是將助動詞 had 放到主詞 they 前面:
此外,聽到壞消息發生在「哭起來」之前,因此前者使用過去完成式 had heard,後者使用過去式 burst,符合兩個過去動作的先後關係。
選項分析
(A) No sooner than they heard the bad news
錯誤有兩處:
- No sooner 置於句首時,應使用倒裝語序,不能寫成 they heard。
- No sooner ... than ... 中,than 必須放在前一動作子句之後,形成:
No sooner had they heard the bad news than they burst into tears.
本選項的 than 緊接在 No sooner 後面,位置錯誤。
正確形式應為:
No sooner had they heard the bad news than they burst into tears.
(B) No sooner they heard the bad news than
錯誤原因是缺少倒裝。
句首使用 No sooner 時,助動詞 had 必須置於主詞 they 之前,不能使用:
第 20 題2 分
II. Grammar: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
Hwa Tou, __________ a medicine god, not only professed divine medicinal skills but also embodied many virtues.
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核心觀念
本題考「分詞片語」與「關係子句省略」的用法。
句中主詞是 Hwa Tou,主要動詞是:
- professed:宣稱、聲稱
- embodied:體現、展現
中間的 regarded as a medicine god 是過去分詞片語,修飾前面的主詞 Hwa Tou,可還原為:
Hwa Tou, who was regarded as a medicine god, not only professed divine medicinal skills but also embodied many virtues.
其中 who was 被省略後,形成:
Hwa Tou, regarded as a medicine god, ...
因此正確答案為 (C) regarded as。
解題方法
先找句子的主要結構:
Hwa Tou, __________ a medicine god, not only professed divine medicinal skills but also embodied many virtues.
主要句型為:
Hwa Tou not only professed A but also embodied B.
其中:
- not only A but also B:不僅……而且……
- professed 與 embodied 是對等的主要動詞
- 空格部分位於主詞後、主要動詞前,並以逗號隔開,適合放入修飾主詞的分詞片語
「被視為藥神」是被動語意,因此使用過去分詞 regarded:
Hwa Tou, regarded as a medicine god, ...
完整意思是:
華佗被視為藥神,不僅宣稱自己具備神奇的醫術,也展現了許多美德。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
Hwa Tou, regarded as a medicine god, not only professed divine medicinal skills but also embodied many virtues.
翻譯:
被視為藥神的華佗,不僅宣稱自己具備神奇的醫術,也展現了許多美德。
判斷重點在於 regarded as a medicine god 是修飾 Hwa Tou 的分詞片語,且 regarded 表示「被視為」,符合被動語意。
選項分析
(A) was regarded as
若填入後為:
Hwa Tou, was regarded as a medicine god, not only professed ...
was regarded as 是完整的被動語態,但此處前後已有逗號,造成主詞後直接插入完整動詞,句法結構不正確。句子的主要動詞應是 professed,不能在主詞與主要動詞之間直接放入另一個完整謂語。
若要使用 was regarded as,必須改寫為:
第 21 題2 分
III. Cloze Test: Choose the best answer for each blank in the passage.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage A
Cupping therapy is a form of 21 medicine in which cups are placed upside down on the skin to create 22. It causes the skin and superficial muscle layer to be lightly drawn into the cup and thereby mobilizes blood flow to promote the healing of a broad range of ailments. The cup can be gently moved across the skin, often referred to as gliding cupping. Cupping is used to 23 back and neck pains, migraines and rheumatism. It can also help to relax qi and target more specific maladies. There are five meridian lines on the back, and these are where the cups are usually placed. The cupping practitioner strives to open the channels through which life energy flows freely throughout the body, thus providing a smoother and more free-flowing qi. Nevertheless, Western medical societies are 24 of the health claims made by cupping therapy supporters. They assume that cupping therapy may have a 25 effect, which simply evokes a psychological response and an improved sense of well-being.
- (A) alienated
(B) alternative
(C) compensation
(D) compliment
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核心觀念
本題考查克漏字中的「固定搭配」與「語境判斷」。
空格所在句為:
Cupping therapy is a form of 21 medicine in which cups are placed upside down on the skin to create 22.
句意為:「拔罐療法是一種________醫療,將杯子倒扣在皮膚上以產生吸力。」
其中 alternative medicine 是醫學與健康議題中常見的固定搭配,意為「另類醫療、替代療法」,指相對於主流西方醫學之外的治療方式。拔罐、針灸、草藥療法等,通常都被歸入此類。
解題方法
先觀察空格後的名詞 medicine,判斷空格需要一個能修飾 medicine 的形容詞。
文章內容介紹拔罐療法的原理、經絡與氣,也提到:
Nevertheless, Western medical societies are skeptical of the health claims made by cupping therapy supporters.
意思是:「然而,西方醫學團體對拔罐療法支持者所提出的健康療效主張抱持懷疑態度。」
前文介紹的是非主流的傳統療法,後文又將其與西方醫學觀點作對比,因此 alternative medicine 最符合全文語意。
選項分析
(A) alienated
意為「疏離的;被排斥的」,通常用來描述人際關係或心理狀態,例如:
- an alienated teenager:感到疏離的青少年
- feel alienated from society:感到與社會疏離
alienated medicine 不符合英文慣用搭配,也無法表示「非主流醫療」,因此錯誤。
(B) alternative
意為「替代的;另類的」,alternative medicine 是固定搭配,指「另類醫療、替代醫療」。
完整句為:
Cupping therapy is a form of alternative medicine in which cups are placed upside down on the skin to create suction.
翻譯:「拔罐療法是一種另類醫療,將杯子倒扣在皮膚上以產生吸力。」
此選項同時符合文法、固定搭配與文章主旨,正確。
(C) compensation
第 22 題2 分
III. Cloze Test: Choose the best answer for each blank in the passage.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage A
Cupping therapy is a form of 21 medicine in which cups are placed upside down on the skin to create 22. It causes the skin and superficial muscle layer to be lightly drawn into the cup and thereby mobilizes blood flow to promote the healing of a broad range of ailments. The cup can be gently moved across the skin, often referred to as gliding cupping. Cupping is used to 23 back and neck pains, migraines and rheumatism. It can also help to relax qi and target more specific maladies. There are five meridian lines on the back, and these are where the cups are usually placed. The cupping practitioner strives to open the channels through which life energy flows freely throughout the body, thus providing a smoother and more free-flowing qi. Nevertheless, Western medical societies are 24 of the health claims made by cupping therapy supporters. They assume that cupping therapy may have a 25 effect, which simply evokes a psychological response and an improved sense of well-being.
- (A) suction
(B) consumption
(C) abortion
(D) concoction
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核心觀念
本題考「克漏字語意判斷」與醫療英文搭配。關鍵在於理解拔罐療法的機轉:
拔罐時,杯具倒扣在皮膚上,利用杯內形成的負壓,將皮膚與淺層肌肉輕輕吸入杯內。這種「吸力、吸引作用」英文是 suction,因此空格應填入 suction。
重要單字與片語:
- cupping therapy:拔罐療法
- alternative medicine:另類醫療
- place A upside down on B:將 A 倒扣在 B 上
- create suction:產生吸力、形成吸引作用
- draw A into B:將 A 吸入/拉入 B
- mobilize blood flow:促進血液流動
- promote healing:促進療癒
- gliding cupping:滑罐
- ailment:疾病、病痛
- qi:氣
- meridian line:經絡線
- be skeptical of:對……抱持懷疑
- placebo effect:安慰劑效應
解題方法
先觀察空格所在句子的結構:
Cupping therapy is a form of alternative medicine in which cups are placed upside down on the skin to create 22.
翻譯為:
拔罐療法是一種另類醫療,將杯具倒扣在皮膚上,以產生__。
接著閱讀下一句:
It causes the skin and superficial muscle layer to be lightly drawn into the cup...
翻譯為:
它會使皮膚與淺層肌肉輕輕被吸入杯內……
「皮膚被吸入杯中」直接指向拔罐所產生的 吸力,因此空格應填 suction。此外,英文中 create suction 是自然且常見的搭配,表示「產生吸力」。
選項分析
第 23 題2 分
III. Cloze Test: Choose the best answer for each blank in the passage.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage A
Cupping therapy is a form of 21 medicine in which cups are placed upside down on the skin to create 22. It causes the skin and superficial muscle layer to be lightly drawn into the cup and thereby mobilizes blood flow to promote the healing of a broad range of ailments. The cup can be gently moved across the skin, often referred to as gliding cupping. Cupping is used to 23 back and neck pains, migraines and rheumatism. It can also help to relax qi and target more specific maladies. There are five meridian lines on the back, and these are where the cups are usually placed. The cupping practitioner strives to open the channels through which life energy flows freely throughout the body, thus providing a smoother and more free-flowing qi. Nevertheless, Western medical societies are 24 of the health claims made by cupping therapy supporters. They assume that cupping therapy may have a 25 effect, which simply evokes a psychological response and an improved sense of well-being.
- (A) regurgitate
(B) reprove
(C) assuage
(D) reproach
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 字義辨析:判斷動詞與「疼痛」搭配時的正確語意。
- 語境判斷:依據拔罐療法的功能,選出表示「減輕、緩和疼痛」的動詞。
- 句型搭配:
be used to + 原形動詞,表示「被用來……」。
關鍵句為:
Cupping is used to assuage back and neck pains, migraines and rheumatism.
翻譯為:
拔罐被用來緩解背部與頸部疼痛、偏頭痛及風濕病。
句中主詞 Cupping 是治療方式,後面列出的是疾病與疼痛,因此空格需要填入具有「減輕、緩和症狀」意思的及物動詞。
解題方法
先觀察空格後面的受詞:
back and neck pains, migraines and rheumatism
這些都是疼痛或疾病,前文也提到拔罐能促進血液流動、幫助治療多種病症。因此空格應選擇表示「緩解症狀、減輕疼痛」的動詞。
句型結構為:
Cupping is used to + 原形動詞 + 受詞
四個選項都是動詞,但只有 assuage 能在語意上自然地搭配疼痛、疾病或痛苦,意思是「緩和、減輕、使不那麼嚴重」。
選項分析
(A) regurgitate
regurgitate 意為「反芻、吐回;嘔吐;機械式重複」。
常用於:
regurgitate food:反芻或吐出食物regurgitate memorized information:死背後照本宣科
拔罐的作用不是「吐出」或「反芻」背痛、偏頭痛及風濕病,與本句的醫療語境不合,因此錯誤。
(B) reprove
reprove 意為「責備、斥責、訓誡」,通常用於批評某人的錯誤行為。
例如:
The teacher reproved the student for cheating.
老師因學生作弊而責備他。
第 24 題2 分
III. Cloze Test: Choose the best answer for each blank in the passage.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage A
Cupping therapy is a form of 21 medicine in which cups are placed upside down on the skin to create 22. It causes the skin and superficial muscle layer to be lightly drawn into the cup and thereby mobilizes blood flow to promote the healing of a broad range of ailments. The cup can be gently moved across the skin, often referred to as gliding cupping. Cupping is used to 23 back and neck pains, migraines and rheumatism. It can also help to relax qi and target more specific maladies. There are five meridian lines on the back, and these are where the cups are usually placed. The cupping practitioner strives to open the channels through which life energy flows freely throughout the body, thus providing a smoother and more free-flowing qi. Nevertheless, Western medical societies are 24 of the health claims made by cupping therapy supporters. They assume that cupping therapy may have a 25 effect, which simply evokes a psychological response and an improved sense of well-being.
- (A) creditable
(B) credulous
(C) gullible
(D) skeptical
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 形容詞的字義辨析
- 固定搭配:be skeptical of
- 依上下文判斷作者態度
空格所在句為:
Nevertheless, Western medical societies are 24 of the health claims made by cupping therapy supporters.
其中 Nevertheless 表示「然而、儘管如此」,語氣上承接前文對拔罐療法功效的介紹,轉折指出西方醫學界對相關健康主張抱持懷疑態度。
解題方法
先觀察空格後面的介系詞 of:
be ______ of + 名詞
最自然、最常見的搭配是:
be skeptical of something
對某事抱持懷疑態度
再從語意判斷,主詞是 Western medical societies,即「西方醫學界」,對拔罐支持者提出的健康宣稱應是「不相信、持保留態度」,因此選 skeptical。
定位句翻譯如下:
Nevertheless, Western medical societies are skeptical of the health claims made by cupping therapy supporters.
然而,西方醫學界對拔罐療法支持者所提出的健康功效主張抱持懷疑態度。
後一句進一步說明:
They assume that cupping therapy may have a placebo effect...
意為「他們認為拔罐療法可能具有安慰劑效應」,表示西方醫學界並未肯定拔罐的實際療效,更支持其效果可能來自心理反應。因此答案明確為 skeptical。
選項分析
(A) creditable
creditable 意為「值得稱讚的;可信的;可靠的」。
例如:
a creditable achievement
值得稱讚的成就
若填入原句:
Western medical societies are creditable of the health claims...
creditable of 不是表示「相信某項主張」的自然搭配,而且語意也不合。西方醫學界不是「健康主張本身值得稱讚」,而是對這些主張抱持懷疑,因此錯誤。
(B) credulous
credulous 意為「輕信的;容易相信他人的」。
此字通常形容人或群體容易相信未經證實的說法,例如:
a credulous person
容易輕信的人
若填入:
Western medical societies are credulous of the health claims...
第 25 題2 分
III. Cloze Test: Choose the best answer for each blank in the passage.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage A
Cupping therapy is a form of 21 medicine in which cups are placed upside down on the skin to create 22. It causes the skin and superficial muscle layer to be lightly drawn into the cup and thereby mobilizes blood flow to promote the healing of a broad range of ailments. The cup can be gently moved across the skin, often referred to as gliding cupping. Cupping is used to 23 back and neck pains, migraines and rheumatism. It can also help to relax qi and target more specific maladies. There are five meridian lines on the back, and these are where the cups are usually placed. The cupping practitioner strives to open the channels through which life energy flows freely throughout the body, thus providing a smoother and more free-flowing qi. Nevertheless, Western medical societies are 24 of the health claims made by cupping therapy supporters. They assume that cupping therapy may have a 25 effect, which simply evokes a psychological response and an improved sense of well-being.
- (A) crippling
(B) butterfly
(C) domino
(D) placebo
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核心觀念
本題考克漏字中的「語意判斷」與醫學相關字彙。空格位於:
They assume that cupping therapy may have a 25 effect, which simply evokes a psychological response and an improved sense of well-being.
他們認為拔罐療法可能具有一種某某效應,這種效應單純引發心理反應,並提升個人的身心安適感。
關鍵線索是:
- psychological response:心理反應
- improved sense of well-being:提升幸福感、安適感
- 治療本身未必產生直接生理療效,但患者因相信治療有效而感覺改善
這正是 placebo effect(安慰劑效應) 的概念:患者接受沒有直接治療作用的處置,卻因期待、信念或心理暗示而感到症狀改善。
因此,空格應填入 placebo,形成固定搭配 a placebo effect。
解題方法
先觀察句型:
may have a ______ effect
此處需要一個能修飾 effect 的形容詞,且後面的關係子句:
which simply evokes a psychological response and an improved sense of well-being
說明這種 effect 主要透過心理期待產生作用,而不是直接治癒疾病。
placebo effect 是醫學、心理學及臨床研究中的固定術語,意指安慰劑效應。完整語意為:
西方醫學界對拔罐支持者所提出的健康功效抱持懷疑。他們認為拔罐可能只有安慰劑效應,也就是透過心理作用,使人產生較好的感受。
文章前文描述拔罐能改善疼痛、風濕等疾病,最後卻以 Nevertheless 轉折,指出西方醫學界對這些健康主張存疑。因此答案必須符合「實際療效受到質疑,但心理感受可能改善」的語意。
選項分析
(A) crippling
crippling 意為「使人殘廢的、嚴重削弱的」。
例如:
- crippling injury:造成嚴重傷害的損傷
- crippling disease:使人失去正常活動能力的疾病
若填入:
a crippling effect
意思會變成「造成癱瘓或嚴重削弱的效應」,與後文的 psychological response 及 improved sense of well-being 矛盾。文章是在說心理上的改善,不是在說拔罐造成身體殘疾,因此錯誤。
(B) butterfly
butterfly 意為「蝴蝶」,也可作動詞表示「輕拍、翻動」,但不是醫學上表示心理暗示療效的術語。
a butterfly effect
雖然 butterfly effect(蝴蝶效應) 是一個實際存在的片語,通常指微小變化可能引發重大連鎖影響,但它與心理反應、安適感及治療效果無關。此處不能因為看到 effect 就選擇熟悉的 butterfly effect。
(C) domino
第 26 題2 分
III. Cloze Test: Choose the best answer for each blank in the passage.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage B
Where did the Coronavirus come from? After five months and over 225,000 people 26, the question is the subject of a vicious spat between America and China. By far the most likely explanation is that the virus jumped from bats to humans, perhaps via another animal such as a pangolin, at a wet market in Wuhan. But conspiracy theorists mutter that the bug could have escaped from one of the city’s laboratories, at least two 27 do research on 28 diseases. Some American politicians, including President Donald Trump, want an investigation; China retorts that the claims are “malicious”. In March, one of its spokesmen claimed that the virus might have come from America. The risks corrode public confidence in the crucial disease laboratories. It is also a reminder of why China’s official culture of opacity and propaganda is such a profound weakness.
The virus shows no sign of deliberate human construction and there is no reason to doubt that it evolved entirely in the wild. But accidents do happen. Bugs studied during legitimate experiments in laboratories have escaped in the past. SARS, a virus that killed 774 people in 2002–03, slipped out of a lab in Beijing twice in 2004. A sample later escaped from a research institute in 2007, but was contained. America suffered 34 laboratory-acquired infections in 2000–09, 29 four deaths. American labs have accidentally shipped live anthrax, bird flu and Ebola to lower-security facilities in recent years. One health-security index suggests that three-quarters of countries 30 biosecurity.
- (A) affecting
(B) affected
(C) affect
(D) affects
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核心觀念
本題考「分詞作後置修飾語」與「過去分詞的被動語意」。
句中:
After five months and over 225,000 people affected, the question is the subject of a vicious spat between America and China.
其中 affected 修飾前面的 people,相當於:
over 225,000 people who were affected
意為「超過 225,000 人受到影響/感染」。由於 people 是「被影響」的對象,必須使用表示被動意義的過去分詞 affected。
解題方法
先觀察空格後方的名詞片語:
over 225,000 people ___
空格位於名詞 people 之後,功能是補充說明這些人處於何種狀態。將選項代入可知:
over 225,000 people affected
超過 225,000 名受到影響的人
這裡的 affected 是過去分詞,具有被動意義,相當於 people who were affected,符合語意與文法,因此選 (B)。
完整句意為:
After five months and over 225,000 people affected, the question is the subject of a vicious spat between America and China.
經過五個月、已有超過 225,000 人受到影響之後,這個問題成為美國與中國激烈爭論的主題。
此句的表達略為省略,較完整、自然的英文可寫成:
After five months, with over 225,000 people affected, the question became the subject of a vicious spat between America and China.
但依本題官方答案,空格應填 affected。
選項分析
(A) affecting
affecting 是現在分詞,通常表示主動「正在影響」。若填入:
over 225,000 people affecting
第 27 題2 分
III. Cloze Test: Choose the best answer for each blank in the passage.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage B
Where did the Coronavirus come from? After five months and over 225,000 people 26, the question is the subject of a vicious spat between America and China. By far the most likely explanation is that the virus jumped from bats to humans, perhaps via another animal such as a pangolin, at a wet market in Wuhan. But conspiracy theorists mutter that the bug could have escaped from one of the city’s laboratories, at least two 27 do research on 28 diseases. Some American politicians, including President Donald Trump, want an investigation; China retorts that the claims are “malicious”. In March, one of its spokesmen claimed that the virus might have come from America. The risks corrode public confidence in the crucial disease laboratories. It is also a reminder of why China’s official culture of opacity and propaganda is such a profound weakness.
The virus shows no sign of deliberate human construction and there is no reason to doubt that it evolved entirely in the wild. But accidents do happen. Bugs studied during legitimate experiments in laboratories have escaped in the past. SARS, a virus that killed 774 people in 2002–03, slipped out of a lab in Beijing twice in 2004. A sample later escaped from a research institute in 2007, but was contained. America suffered 34 laboratory-acquired infections in 2000–09, 29 four deaths. American labs have accidentally shipped live anthrax, bird flu and Ebola to lower-security facilities in recent years. One health-security index suggests that three-quarters of countries 30 biosecurity.
- (A) which
(B) by which
(C) of which
(D) which of
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核心觀念:非限定關係子句與「部分中的一部分」
本題考「介系詞+關係代名詞」的用法,尤其是:
數量詞+of which
其中:
- which:指前面的事物,先行詞通常是物或動物。
- of which:表示「其中的……」,用來說明前述整體中的一部分。
- at least two of which:其中至少兩個/至少兩間。
題幹中的先行詞是 the city’s laboratories,因此:
at least two of which do research on … diseases
意為「其中至少兩間實驗室研究……疾病」。
定位答案的句子
原文:
But conspiracy theorists mutter that the bug could have escaped from one of the city’s laboratories, at least two of which do research on 28 diseases.
翻譯:
但陰謀論者咕噥說,這種病毒可能是從該市的某一間實驗室逸出的,而其中至少有兩間實驗室研究第 28 格所表示的疾病。
句中的 at least two of which 是補充說明前面 the city’s laboratories 的非限定關係子句:
- which 指 laboratories
- of which 表示「這些實驗室之中的」
- at least two of which 表示「其中至少兩間」
解題方法
先找空格後面的結構:
at least two ___ do research
空格後接 do research,表示「至少兩間實驗室進行研究」。此處不是在說「透過某些實驗室」進行研究,而是在前面提到的多間實驗室中,指出其中至少兩間具有某種研究功能。
因此需要使用:
完整結構為:
也就是:
laboratories, at least two of which …
=「實驗室,其中至少兩間……」
選項分析
(A) which
錯誤。若填入後為:
at least two which do research …
此處缺少表示「其中」的 of,無法清楚表達「前述實驗室之中的至少兩間」這種部分關係。題目在逗號後接補充說明,標準結構應為:
at least two of which
而非單獨使用 which。
(B) by which
錯誤。by which 表示「藉由……」「透過……」,通常用來表示方法、手段或依據,例如:
第 28 題2 分
III. Cloze Test: Choose the best answer for each blank in the passage.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage B
Where did the Coronavirus come from? After five months and over 225,000 people 26, the question is the subject of a vicious spat between America and China. By far the most likely explanation is that the virus jumped from bats to humans, perhaps via another animal such as a pangolin, at a wet market in Wuhan. But conspiracy theorists mutter that the bug could have escaped from one of the city’s laboratories, at least two 27 do research on 28 diseases. Some American politicians, including President Donald Trump, want an investigation; China retorts that the claims are “malicious”. In March, one of its spokesmen claimed that the virus might have come from America. The risks corrode public confidence in the crucial disease laboratories. It is also a reminder of why China’s official culture of opacity and propaganda is such a profound weakness.
The virus shows no sign of deliberate human construction and there is no reason to doubt that it evolved entirely in the wild. But accidents do happen. Bugs studied during legitimate experiments in laboratories have escaped in the past. SARS, a virus that killed 774 people in 2002–03, slipped out of a lab in Beijing twice in 2004. A sample later escaped from a research institute in 2007, but was contained. America suffered 34 laboratory-acquired infections in 2000–09, 29 four deaths. American labs have accidentally shipped live anthrax, bird flu and Ebola to lower-security facilities in recent years. One health-security index suggests that three-quarters of countries 30 biosecurity.
- (A) infect
(B) affect
(C) infectious
(D) disinfect
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核心觀念
本題考:
- 詞性判斷:空格前後需要何種詞類。
- 字義辨析:
infect、affect、infectious、disinfect的用法不同。 - 常見搭配:
infectious diseases表示「傳染病」。
空格位於:
at least two 27 do research on 28 diseases.
空格後接名詞 diseases,因此空格應使用形容詞,修飾「疾病」。
infectious 是形容詞,意思是「傳染性的、會傳染的」,因此 infectious diseases 即「傳染病」。
解題方法
定位答案的關鍵句為:
But conspiracy theorists mutter that the bug could have escaped from one of the city’s laboratories, at least two do research on infectious diseases.
翻譯:
但陰謀論者嘟囔說,這種病毒可能已從該市至少兩所研究傳染病的實驗室之一逃逸出去。
空格後是名詞 diseases,須填入形容詞作前置修飾語:
因此:
形成固定且符合語意的片語 infectious diseases。
選項分析
(A) infect
infect 是動詞,意思是「感染、傳染」。
例如:
The virus can infect humans.
這種病毒能感染人類。
填入後為:
research on infect diseases
infect 不能直接作為形容詞修飾 diseases,而且 infect diseases 也不是正確搭配,因此錯誤。
(B) affect
affect 通常是動詞,意思是「影響」。
例如:
The disease affects the lungs.
這種疾病會影響肺部。
填入後為:
research on affect diseases
第 29 題2 分
III. Cloze Test: Choose the best answer for each blank in the passage.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage B
Where did the Coronavirus come from? After five months and over 225,000 people 26, the question is the subject of a vicious spat between America and China. By far the most likely explanation is that the virus jumped from bats to humans, perhaps via another animal such as a pangolin, at a wet market in Wuhan. But conspiracy theorists mutter that the bug could have escaped from one of the city’s laboratories, at least two 27 do research on 28 diseases. Some American politicians, including President Donald Trump, want an investigation; China retorts that the claims are “malicious”. In March, one of its spokesmen claimed that the virus might have come from America. The risks corrode public confidence in the crucial disease laboratories. It is also a reminder of why China’s official culture of opacity and propaganda is such a profound weakness.
The virus shows no sign of deliberate human construction and there is no reason to doubt that it evolved entirely in the wild. But accidents do happen. Bugs studied during legitimate experiments in laboratories have escaped in the past. SARS, a virus that killed 774 people in 2002–03, slipped out of a lab in Beijing twice in 2004. A sample later escaped from a research institute in 2007, but was contained. America suffered 34 laboratory-acquired infections in 2000–09, 29 four deaths. American labs have accidentally shipped live anthrax, bird flu and Ebola to lower-security facilities in recent years. One health-security index suggests that three-quarters of countries 30 biosecurity.
- (A) resulting
(B) by resulting in
(C) from resulting
(D) resulting in
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核心觀念
第 29 題考「分詞片語」與片語 result in 的用法。
- result in + 名詞:導致、造成
- The accident resulted in several injuries.
這場事故造成數人受傷。 - result from + 名詞:起因於、源自
- The illness resulted from contaminated food.
這項疾病起因於受污染的食物。 - resulting in + 名詞:由前面所述事件而導致……,常置於逗號後,補充說明結果。
題目句子的結構是:
America suffered 34 laboratory-acquired infections in 2000–09, resulting in four deaths.
逗號後的 resulting in four deaths 是現在分詞片語,承接前面的完整句子,表示「因而造成四人死亡」。
解題方法
先觀察空格後面的受詞:
___ four deaths
空格後是名詞片語 four deaths,因此需要能直接接名詞、表示「導致」的結構。
正確搭配為:
resulting in + 名詞
代入後:
America suffered 34 laboratory-acquired infections in 2000–09, resulting in four deaths.
語意是:
美國在 2000 至 2009 年間發生 34 起實驗室感染事件,因而造成四人死亡。
前面的「34 起實驗室感染事件」是原因,後面的「四人死亡」是結果,因此使用 resulting in。
選項分析
(A) resulting
resulting 本身是現在分詞,通常不能直接接名詞表示「導致」:
resulting four deaths
此用法缺少介系詞 in。表示「導致某結果」時,必須使用 result in + 名詞,所以錯誤。
(B) by resulting in
by + V-ing 表示「藉由……的方法」,例如:
He improved his English by reading every day.
他藉由每天閱讀提升英文能力。
若放入題目:
第 30 題2 分
III. Cloze Test: Choose the best answer for each blank in the passage.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage B
Where did the Coronavirus come from? After five months and over 225,000 people 26, the question is the subject of a vicious spat between America and China. By far the most likely explanation is that the virus jumped from bats to humans, perhaps via another animal such as a pangolin, at a wet market in Wuhan. But conspiracy theorists mutter that the bug could have escaped from one of the city’s laboratories, at least two 27 do research on 28 diseases. Some American politicians, including President Donald Trump, want an investigation; China retorts that the claims are “malicious”. In March, one of its spokesmen claimed that the virus might have come from America. The risks corrode public confidence in the crucial disease laboratories. It is also a reminder of why China’s official culture of opacity and propaganda is such a profound weakness.
The virus shows no sign of deliberate human construction and there is no reason to doubt that it evolved entirely in the wild. But accidents do happen. Bugs studied during legitimate experiments in laboratories have escaped in the past. SARS, a virus that killed 774 people in 2002–03, slipped out of a lab in Beijing twice in 2004. A sample later escaped from a research institute in 2007, but was contained. America suffered 34 laboratory-acquired infections in 2000–09, 29 four deaths. American labs have accidentally shipped live anthrax, bird flu and Ebola to lower-security facilities in recent years. One health-security index suggests that three-quarters of countries 30 biosecurity.
- (A) on poorly score
(B) on score poorly
(C) poor on score
(D) score poorly on
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 副詞與動詞的正確搭配。
- 片語 score poorly on + 科目/議題,意為「在……方面表現不佳」。
- 英文句子的基本語序:主詞+動詞+副詞+介系詞片語。
題幹句子為:
One health-security index suggests that three-quarters of countries 30 biosecurity.
句意是:
一項衛生安全指標顯示,四分之三的國家在生物安全方面表現不佳。
因此空格必須填入能構成:
score poorly on biosecurity
的片語。
解題方法
先判斷空格所在的句型:
- 主詞:three-quarters of countries
- 空格後:biosecurity,為名詞
- 句子需要一個動詞,表達「在生物安全方面表現如何」
最自然的搭配是:
score + 副詞 + on + 名詞
其中:
- score:表現、得分
- poorly:不佳地
- on biosecurity:在生物安全方面
完整句子為:
One health-security index suggests that three-quarters of countries score poorly on biosecurity.
文法結構如下:
選項分析
(A) on poorly score
排列順序錯誤。英文不能將介系詞 on 放在動詞 score 前面,且 poorly 應修飾動詞 score,不能置於此處形成自然句型。
錯誤結構:
on poorly score biosecurity
不符合英文的正常語序。
(B) on score poorly
介系詞 on 仍錯置於動詞前方。正確搭配應是:
score poorly on biosecurity
而非:
on score poorly biosecurity
因此不合文法。
(C) poor on score
poor 是形容詞,不能直接修飾動詞 score。此處需要副詞 poorly,表示「表現得不好」。
此外,on score 也不是本句所需的正確搭配。若要表達「在某方面表現不佳」,應使用:
score poorly on + 名詞
第 31 題2 分
IV. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage A
Does the word “drone” conjure up thoughts of sci-fi flicks or images of attacks carried out remotely on hostile lands? You may be surprised to learn that drones are acquiring many non-military uses these days.
One drone manufacturer, Arad Metering Technologies, is using these remote-controlled flying machines in Israel to help save water. The company’s battery-operated drones are among the novel tools deployed by Arad to help consumers and companies conserve H2O and make money, too.
That such an idea would come out of Israel is no coincidence. The country is poor in water and rich in tech innovation. Israel pioneered the use of unmanned aerial vehicles after it lost many fighter jets in the 1973 war. But Arad’s drones don’t fight. They read data from the company’s patented water-meter system to detect leakage in irrigation systems to prevent drought.
Thousands of miles away, drones are being enlisted in the fight against crime. In several U.K. cities, police agencies are employing drones in place of far more expensive manned helicopters. Though the drones are not very large, they are capable of carrying cameras and devices that detect body heat. A policeman can operate one of these drones using a remote control. By wearing special glasses, he or she can see exactly what the drone sees as it flies. In one incident, a policeman used a drone to follow a suspected car thief. Even after the suspect disappeared in thick fog, the officer was able to track him with the drone and guide fellow policemen to his location. Police agencies have found more uses for drones, such as border protection and maritime security.
- What does this article describe?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「文章主旨判斷」。解題時應掌握全文反覆出現的核心名詞與各段共同主題,而非只根據單一細節作答。
本文主題是 drones(無人機、無人駕駛飛行器) 的非軍事用途,包括:
- 以水表系統偵測漏水,協助節約水資源。
- 協助英國警方追蹤嫌犯、維護邊境與海上安全。
因此,全文描述的對象是「小型飛行器」,對應選項 (D) Small-scale aircraft。
解題方法
先從首段找出文章主題:
“You may be surprised to learn that drones are acquiring many non-military uses these days.”
你可能會驚訝地得知,無人機近來正逐漸擁有許多非軍事用途。
這句明確指出本文要介紹的是 drones 及其用途。
接著觀察後文的例子:
“They read data from the company’s patented water-meter system to detect leakage in irrigation systems to prevent drought.”
它們讀取該公司專利水表系統的資料,以偵測灌溉系統中的漏水,防止乾旱。
以及:
“In several U.K. cities, police agencies are employing drones in place of far more expensive manned helicopters.”
在英國幾個城市,警方使用無人機取代昂貴得多的有人駕駛直升機。
文章雖然提到節水、治安、追蹤竊車犯等不同用途,但這些內容都圍繞同一項工具:drones。無人機本質上屬於小型、無人駕駛的飛行器,因此選擇 D。
關鍵單字與片語
- drone:無人機;無人駕駛飛行器
- conjure up thoughts/images of...:使人聯想到……
- sci-fi flick:科幻電影
- attack carried out remotely:遠端執行的攻擊
- non-military uses:非軍事用途
- remote-controlled:遙控的
- battery-operated:電池驅動的
- conserve water:節約用水
- pioneer:開創;率先使用
- unmanned aerial vehicle:無人航空載具
- detect leakage:偵測漏水
- irrigation system:灌溉系統
- be enlisted in the fight against crime:被投入打擊犯罪的行動
- manned helicopter:有人駕駛的直升機
- carry cameras:搭載攝影機
- detect body heat:偵測人體熱能
第 32 題2 分
IV. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage A
Does the word “drone” conjure up thoughts of sci-fi flicks or images of attacks carried out remotely on hostile lands? You may be surprised to learn that drones are acquiring many non-military uses these days.
One drone manufacturer, Arad Metering Technologies, is using these remote-controlled flying machines in Israel to help save water. The company’s battery-operated drones are among the novel tools deployed by Arad to help consumers and companies conserve H2O and make money, too.
That such an idea would come out of Israel is no coincidence. The country is poor in water and rich in tech innovation. Israel pioneered the use of unmanned aerial vehicles after it lost many fighter jets in the 1973 war. But Arad’s drones don’t fight. They read data from the company’s patented water-meter system to detect leakage in irrigation systems to prevent drought.
Thousands of miles away, drones are being enlisted in the fight against crime. In several U.K. cities, police agencies are employing drones in place of far more expensive manned helicopters. Though the drones are not very large, they are capable of carrying cameras and devices that detect body heat. A policeman can operate one of these drones using a remote control. By wearing special glasses, he or she can see exactly what the drone sees as it flies. In one incident, a policeman used a drone to follow a suspected car thief. Even after the suspect disappeared in thick fog, the officer was able to track him with the drone and guide fellow policemen to his location. Police agencies have found more uses for drones, such as border protection and maritime security.
- What does the article indicate about Israel?
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核心觀念
本題是英文閱讀理解中的「主旨定位與同義改寫」。題目問文章對以色列的描述,必須回到文章中尋找直接陳述,再判斷選項是否為原文的同義轉述。
關鍵句為:
“The country is poor in water and rich in tech innovation.”
「這個國家水資源貧乏,卻擁有豐富的科技創新。」
其中 rich in tech innovation 表示「科技創新能力強、科技發展蓬勃」,可改寫為 tech-savvy people,即「精通科技的人」或「科技素養高的人」。
文章另指出:
“Israel pioneered the use of unmanned aerial vehicles after it lost many fighter jets in the 1973 war.”
「以色列在 1973 年戰爭中損失許多戰鬥機後,率先發展無人航空載具的使用。」
這也再次顯示以色列具備高度科技研發與應用能力。
解題方法
第一步,鎖定題目關鍵字 Israel,回文章第三段尋找相關內容。
第二步,整理文章對以色列的兩項描述:
- 水資源不足:poor in water
- 科技創新能力強:rich in tech innovation
第三步,將原文意思與選項進行同義比對:
- rich in tech innovation
科技創新能力強
人民或國家具備科技專長
tech-savvy people
因此,正確答案為 (A)。
關鍵單字與片語
- conjure up:使人聯想到
- sci-fi flicks:科幻電影
- hostile lands:敵對地區
- acquire:獲得、逐漸取得
- military uses:軍事用途
- deploy:部署、運用
- conserve H2O:節約水資源; 即水
- no coincidence:並非巧合
- poor in water:缺乏水資源
- rich in tech innovation:科技創新豐富
- pioneer:率先開創、首創
- unmanned aerial vehicles:無人航空載具
- detect leakage:偵測漏水
- be enlisted in:被徵召投入
- in place of:取代
- manned helicopters:有人駕駛的直升機
- be capable of:能夠
- track:追蹤
文法與語意重點
第 33 題2 分
IV. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage A
Does the word “drone” conjure up thoughts of sci-fi flicks or images of attacks carried out remotely on hostile lands? You may be surprised to learn that drones are acquiring many non-military uses these days.
One drone manufacturer, Arad Metering Technologies, is using these remote-controlled flying machines in Israel to help save water. The company’s battery-operated drones are among the novel tools deployed by Arad to help consumers and companies conserve H2O and make money, too.
That such an idea would come out of Israel is no coincidence. The country is poor in water and rich in tech innovation. Israel pioneered the use of unmanned aerial vehicles after it lost many fighter jets in the 1973 war. But Arad’s drones don’t fight. They read data from the company’s patented water-meter system to detect leakage in irrigation systems to prevent drought.
Thousands of miles away, drones are being enlisted in the fight against crime. In several U.K. cities, police agencies are employing drones in place of far more expensive manned helicopters. Though the drones are not very large, they are capable of carrying cameras and devices that detect body heat. A policeman can operate one of these drones using a remote control. By wearing special glasses, he or she can see exactly what the drone sees as it flies. In one incident, a policeman used a drone to follow a suspected car thief. Even after the suspect disappeared in thick fog, the officer was able to track him with the drone and guide fellow policemen to his location. Police agencies have found more uses for drones, such as border protection and maritime security.
- According to this article, what can Arad’s products detect?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「關鍵資訊定位」與語意推論。解題重點是找出文章對 Arad 產品功能的直接描述,再將原文的 detect leakage(偵測漏水)轉換成選項中的語意:
- 偵測漏水,表示水未被有效利用,正在遭到浪費。
- 因此可推知 Arad 的產品能判斷「水是否被浪費」。
解題方法
定位第三段關鍵句:
“But Arad’s drones don’t fight. They read data from the company’s patented water-meter system to detect leakage in irrigation systems to prevent drought.”
翻譯:
「但 Arad 的無人機並不作戰。它們讀取該公司專利水表系統的資料,以偵測灌溉系統中的漏水情形,藉此防止乾旱。」
句中的核心片語是:
- read data from:讀取……的資料
- patented water-meter system:專利水表系統
- detect leakage:偵測漏水
- irrigation systems:灌溉系統
- prevent drought:防止乾旱
文章指出 Arad 的無人機透過水表資料偵測灌溉系統漏水。漏水代表水資源未被妥善使用,因此等同於偵測水是否正在被浪費,符合選項 (C)。
選項分析
(A) Which water resources are valuable.
「哪些水資源有價值。」
錯誤。文章沒有提到 Arad 的產品會評估水資源的經濟價值或重要性。產品的功能是偵測漏水,不是判斷哪一種水資源較有價值。
(B) Whether water is polluted.
「水是否受到污染。」
第 34 題2 分
IV. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage A
Does the word “drone” conjure up thoughts of sci-fi flicks or images of attacks carried out remotely on hostile lands? You may be surprised to learn that drones are acquiring many non-military uses these days.
One drone manufacturer, Arad Metering Technologies, is using these remote-controlled flying machines in Israel to help save water. The company’s battery-operated drones are among the novel tools deployed by Arad to help consumers and companies conserve H2O and make money, too.
That such an idea would come out of Israel is no coincidence. The country is poor in water and rich in tech innovation. Israel pioneered the use of unmanned aerial vehicles after it lost many fighter jets in the 1973 war. But Arad’s drones don’t fight. They read data from the company’s patented water-meter system to detect leakage in irrigation systems to prevent drought.
Thousands of miles away, drones are being enlisted in the fight against crime. In several U.K. cities, police agencies are employing drones in place of far more expensive manned helicopters. Though the drones are not very large, they are capable of carrying cameras and devices that detect body heat. A policeman can operate one of these drones using a remote control. By wearing special glasses, he or she can see exactly what the drone sees as it flies. In one incident, a policeman used a drone to follow a suspected car thief. Even after the suspect disappeared in thick fog, the officer was able to track him with the drone and guide fellow policemen to his location. Police agencies have found more uses for drones, such as border protection and maritime security.
- According to this article, what are the drones used for in the U.K.?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與「指代範圍判斷」。解題重點是找出文章明確說明「英國警方使用無人機的目的」,再與選項進行語意比對。
文章前段介紹以色列的無人機用於偵測灌溉系統漏水;第四段則轉而說明英國使用無人機打擊犯罪。因此,必須注意題目問的是 in the U.K.,不可被前文以色列的用途干擾。
關鍵單字與片語
- drone:無人機
- non-military uses:非軍事用途
- be enlisted in the fight against crime:被投入打擊犯罪的行動
- police agencies:警察機關
- manned helicopter:有人駕駛的直升機
- carry cameras:搭載攝影機
- detect body heat:偵測人體熱能
- suspected car thief:涉嫌偷車的人
- track:追蹤
- border protection:邊境防護
- maritime security:海事安全
解題方法
先鎖定文章中提到英國的段落。定位答案的關鍵句為:
“Thousands of miles away, drones are being enlisted in the fight against crime.”
意思是:「在數千英里之外,無人機被投入打擊犯罪的行動中。」
後文進一步舉例說明英國警方使用無人機追蹤涉嫌偷車者:
“In several U.K. cities, police agencies are employing drones in place of far more expensive manned helicopters.”
意思是:「在英國幾個城市,警察機關使用無人機,取代昂貴得多的有人駕駛直升機。」
文章最後又提到無人機可用於:
第 35 題2 分
IV. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage A
Does the word “drone” conjure up thoughts of sci-fi flicks or images of attacks carried out remotely on hostile lands? You may be surprised to learn that drones are acquiring many non-military uses these days.
One drone manufacturer, Arad Metering Technologies, is using these remote-controlled flying machines in Israel to help save water. The company’s battery-operated drones are among the novel tools deployed by Arad to help consumers and companies conserve H2O and make money, too.
That such an idea would come out of Israel is no coincidence. The country is poor in water and rich in tech innovation. Israel pioneered the use of unmanned aerial vehicles after it lost many fighter jets in the 1973 war. But Arad’s drones don’t fight. They read data from the company’s patented water-meter system to detect leakage in irrigation systems to prevent drought.
Thousands of miles away, drones are being enlisted in the fight against crime. In several U.K. cities, police agencies are employing drones in place of far more expensive manned helicopters. Though the drones are not very large, they are capable of carrying cameras and devices that detect body heat. A policeman can operate one of these drones using a remote control. By wearing special glasses, he or she can see exactly what the drone sees as it flies. In one incident, a policeman used a drone to follow a suspected car thief. Even after the suspect disappeared in thick fog, the officer was able to track him with the drone and guide fellow policemen to his location. Police agencies have found more uses for drones, such as border protection and maritime security.
- What was the suspect in the fog believed to have done?
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 閱讀理解與細節定位
- 代名詞與事件對應
- 關鍵片語理解:
suspected car thief - 根據上下文判斷人物被懷疑的行為
題目詢問:
What was the suspect in the fog believed to have done?
霧中的嫌疑犯被認為做了什麼事?
關鍵在於文章第四段明確提到該名嫌疑犯的身分與行為。
解題方法
先找出與題目相同的關鍵字:
the suspect:嫌疑犯fog:濃霧
文章定位句為:
In one incident, a policeman used a drone to follow a suspected car thief.
在一宗事件中,一名警察使用無人機追蹤一名涉嫌偷車的人。
接著文章說:
Even after the suspect disappeared in thick fog, the officer was able to track him with the drone and guide fellow policemen to his location.
即使這名嫌疑犯在濃霧中消失,警員仍能利用無人機追蹤他,並引導其他警察前往他所在的位置。
a suspected car thief 指「涉嫌偷車的人」,因此這名在濃霧中消失的嫌疑犯被認為偷了一輛車。
關鍵單字與片語
suspect:嫌疑犯;懷疑suspected:被懷疑的、涉嫌的car thief:偷車賊;偷車的人follow:跟蹤、追蹤disappear:消失thick fog:濃霧track:追蹤location:位置、所在地believed to have done:被認為曾經做過某事
第 36 題2 分
IV. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage B
Before you swallow that pill prescribed by your doctors, have you ever wondered what sort of tests have been done to ensure it is good for you, or is it even safe? Currently, before drugs are sold to consumers, at least four phases of premarket studies are done by researchers.
The first study, or phase one, is usually an animal study if a close enough physiology is found in that animal to humans. The aim of giving the drug to animals is to protect the lives of humans, as it is more ethically correct to save valuable human lives rather than prevent animal fatalities.
The next three phases include three clinical studies and only proceed once the first phase is passed. In phase two, the most initial test on people is done on very few healthy volunteers to check that there are no severe side effects. Phase three is also known as an efficacy study (a study to see if there are any benefits and/or side effects) and is done on patients with disease. This number, however, is still kept very small—about 200 to 500 volunteers—to save resources and not waste volunteers’ time if the drug is not effective in treating their diseases.
Phase four includes extensive clinical trials on a greater number of patients (still volunteers) so that researchers can deduce that the drug actually works for all patients by ruling out random error.
Upon the completion of the above four phases, the drug is allowed to be sold and should be safe for widespread use.
- According to the article, why are drugs tested on animals?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「原因判斷」與關鍵句定位。題目詢問:藥物為什麼要先在動物身上進行測試?
文章第二段直接說明,動物實驗的主要目的,是在進入人體試驗前降低人類受害風險,優先保護人類生命。
定位答案的原文
“The aim of giving the drug to animals is to protect the lives of humans, as it is more ethically correct to save valuable human lives rather than prevent animal fatalities.”
翻譯:
將藥物給動物服用的目的,是為了保護人類的生命,因為相較於避免動物死亡,拯救珍貴的人類生命在倫理上更為正確。
其中:
- the aim of A is to B:做 A 的目的在於 B
- protect the lives of humans:保護人類的生命
- ethically correct:在倫理上正確
- save human lives:拯救人類生命
- prevent animal fatalities:避免動物死亡
- rather than:而不是、相較於
原文中的 to protect the lives of humans 清楚指出動物測試是為了保護人類生命,因此答案為 B。
解題方法
先辨認題目問的是 why,因此要在文章中尋找表示「目的」或「原因」的語句。第二段開頭以 The aim of... 引出動物實驗的目的,後面再以 as 引導原因補充說明。
文章的邏輯為:
- 藥物先在適合的動物身上測試。
- 測試目的是在人體使用前評估風險。
- 其倫理考量是優先保護人類生命。
所以,選項必須符合「保護人類生命」這個核心概念。
選項分析
(A) Because animals are prone to mutation.
因為動物容易發生突變。
錯誤。文章沒有提到動物容易突變,也沒有把「mutation」作為動物實驗的理由。prone to 意為「容易……」,但此選項加入了文章未提及的生物學原因。
(B) Because animal testing is to save human lives.
因為動物實驗是為了拯救人類生命。
正確。此選項直接對應原文 **“The aim of giving the drug to animals is to protect the lives of
第 37 題2 分
IV. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage B
Before you swallow that pill prescribed by your doctors, have you ever wondered what sort of tests have been done to ensure it is good for you, or is it even safe? Currently, before drugs are sold to consumers, at least four phases of premarket studies are done by researchers.
The first study, or phase one, is usually an animal study if a close enough physiology is found in that animal to humans. The aim of giving the drug to animals is to protect the lives of humans, as it is more ethically correct to save valuable human lives rather than prevent animal fatalities.
The next three phases include three clinical studies and only proceed once the first phase is passed. In phase two, the most initial test on people is done on very few healthy volunteers to check that there are no severe side effects. Phase three is also known as an efficacy study (a study to see if there are any benefits and/or side effects) and is done on patients with disease. This number, however, is still kept very small—about 200 to 500 volunteers—to save resources and not waste volunteers’ time if the drug is not effective in treating their diseases.
Phase four includes extensive clinical trials on a greater number of patients (still volunteers) so that researchers can deduce that the drug actually works for all patients by ruling out random error.
Upon the completion of the above four phases, the drug is allowed to be sold and should be safe for widespread use.
- According to the article, when drugs are tested on people with diseases, why are only a small number used?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「因果關係判讀」與字面語意辨識。解題重點在於:
- 找出題目所問的對象:phase three,對患病患者進行的臨床研究。
- 尋找文章中直接說明「受試者人數仍維持很少」的原因。
- 注意選項 B 使用 waste volunteers’ time,與文章原意相反,是典型的否定語意陷阱。
定位原文與翻譯
文章指出:
“This number, however, is still kept very small—about 200 to 500 volunteers—to save resources and not waste volunteers’ time if the drug is not effective in treating their diseases.”
翻譯:
然而,這個人數仍維持得非常少,大約為 200 至 500 名志願者,目的是節省資源,並且在藥物無法有效治療其疾病時,不浪費志願者的時間。
其中:
- This number:指前一句 phase three 中參與研究的患者人數。
- is kept very small:被維持在很少的數量。
- to save resources:為了節省資源。
- not waste volunteers’ time:不浪費志願者的時間。
- if the drug is not effective in treating their diseases:如果藥物對治療他們的疾病無效。
因此,文章直接給出的主要原因是 to save resources。
解題方法
題目問:
When drugs are tested on people with diseases, why are only a small number used?
意思是:
當藥物在患有疾病的人身上進行測試時,為什麼只使用少數受試者?
解題時將題目關鍵字與原文對照:
- people with diseases 對應原文的 patients with disease。
- only a small number used 對應原文的 This number ... is still kept very small。
- 原文隨後以 to 引導目的,說明人數少的原因:
to save resources and not waste volunteers’ time。
選項 A 完整對應原文中的第一個明確理由,因此選 A。
選項分析
(A) To save resources.
正確。原文明確寫出:
“to save resources”
意思是「為了節省資源」。在藥物尚未確定有效的階段,若投入太多研究資源與患者,藥物一旦被證明無效,便會造成資源浪費。因此,phase three 的受試者人數約控制在 200 至 500 人。
(B) To waste volunteers’ time if the drug is not effective in treating their diseases.
錯誤。此選項將原文的 not waste volunteers’ time 改成 to waste volunteers’ time,刪去否定詞 not,使語意完全相反。
原文意思是:
如果藥物無效,就不要浪費志願者的時間。
選項卻變成:
第 38 題2 分
IV. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage B
Before you swallow that pill prescribed by your doctors, have you ever wondered what sort of tests have been done to ensure it is good for you, or is it even safe? Currently, before drugs are sold to consumers, at least four phases of premarket studies are done by researchers.
The first study, or phase one, is usually an animal study if a close enough physiology is found in that animal to humans. The aim of giving the drug to animals is to protect the lives of humans, as it is more ethically correct to save valuable human lives rather than prevent animal fatalities.
The next three phases include three clinical studies and only proceed once the first phase is passed. In phase two, the most initial test on people is done on very few healthy volunteers to check that there are no severe side effects. Phase three is also known as an efficacy study (a study to see if there are any benefits and/or side effects) and is done on patients with disease. This number, however, is still kept very small—about 200 to 500 volunteers—to save resources and not waste volunteers’ time if the drug is not effective in treating their diseases.
Phase four includes extensive clinical trials on a greater number of patients (still volunteers) so that researchers can deduce that the drug actually works for all patients by ruling out random error.
Upon the completion of the above four phases, the drug is allowed to be sold and should be safe for widespread use.
- What is NOT mentioned in the article?
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核心觀念
本題考「閱讀細節定位」與「NOT mentioned」判斷。解題重點是逐一核對選項是否能在文章中找到明確對應,而不是判斷選項內容在現實上是否合理。
文章介紹新藥上市前的四個研究階段:
- Phase 1:通常先進行動物試驗。
- Phase 2:少量健康志願者,檢查嚴重副作用。
- Phase 3:對疾病患者進行療效研究。
- Phase 4:以更多患者進行大規模臨床試驗。
關鍵單字與片語
- swallow:吞服
- pill:藥丸
- prescribe:開立、處方
- ensure:確保
- premarket studies:上市前研究
- physiology:生理構造、生理機能
- ethically correct:符合倫理的
- clinical study/clinical trial:臨床研究/臨床試驗
- healthy volunteer:健康志願者
- severe side effect:嚴重副作用
- efficacy:療效
- benefit:益處、效益
- deduce:推論、判定
- rule out:排除
- widespread use:廣泛使用
解題方法
題幹問:
What is NOT mentioned in the article?
文章中沒有提到下列哪一項?
因此採取「逐項回文定位」:
- 找出選項中的關鍵詞,例如 clinical studies、healthy volunteers、efficacy study、severe side effects。
- 對照文章是否有直接說明。
- 若文章只提到某件事被檢查,卻沒有交代檢查結果不良時的處置,仍屬於「未提及」。
定位答案的原文
文章在說明第二階段時寫道:
“In phase two, the most initial test on people is done on very few healthy volunteers to check that there are no severe side effects.”
翻譯:
「在第二階段,最初的人體試驗會以極少數健康志願者進行,以確認沒有嚴重副作用。」
這句只說明研究人員要「檢查是否有嚴重副作用」,沒有說明「若發現嚴重副作用,接下來會發生什麼事」,例如停止試驗、修改藥物或禁止上市。因此選項 D 的內容沒有在文章中出現。
選項分析
(A) The drug is given three clinical studies and only proceeds once the first phase is passed.
文章原文:
“The next three phases include three clinical studies and only proceed once the first phase is passed.”
翻譯:
「接下來的三個階段包含三項臨床研究,只有在第一階段通過後才會進行。」
第 39 題2 分
IV. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage B
Before you swallow that pill prescribed by your doctors, have you ever wondered what sort of tests have been done to ensure it is good for you, or is it even safe? Currently, before drugs are sold to consumers, at least four phases of premarket studies are done by researchers.
The first study, or phase one, is usually an animal study if a close enough physiology is found in that animal to humans. The aim of giving the drug to animals is to protect the lives of humans, as it is more ethically correct to save valuable human lives rather than prevent animal fatalities.
The next three phases include three clinical studies and only proceed once the first phase is passed. In phase two, the most initial test on people is done on very few healthy volunteers to check that there are no severe side effects. Phase three is also known as an efficacy study (a study to see if there are any benefits and/or side effects) and is done on patients with disease. This number, however, is still kept very small—about 200 to 500 volunteers—to save resources and not waste volunteers’ time if the drug is not effective in treating their diseases.
Phase four includes extensive clinical trials on a greater number of patients (still volunteers) so that researchers can deduce that the drug actually works for all patients by ruling out random error.
Upon the completion of the above four phases, the drug is allowed to be sold and should be safe for widespread use.
- What doesn’t happen in phase four?
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 閱讀理解中的細節定位
- 時間順序與階段關係
- 否定問句:
What doesn’t happen in phase four?意為「第四階段不會發生什麼事?」
文章介紹藥物上市前的四個研究階段:
- Phase one:通常進行動物實驗。
- Phase two:少數健康志願者測試嚴重副作用。
- Phase three:約 200 至 500 名患者,測試療效與副作用。
- Phase four:更多患者參與大規模臨床試驗,以排除隨機誤差。
- 四個階段完成後,藥物才被允許販售。
因此,必須找出「不是在第四階段發生,而是在第四階段完成後發生」的選項。
解題方法
先鎖定文章中直接描述 phase four 的句子:
Phase four includes extensive clinical trials on a greater number of patients (still volunteers) so that researchers can deduce that the drug actually works for all patients by ruling out random error.
翻譯:
第四階段包括對更多患者(仍然是志願者)進行廣泛的臨床試驗,使研究人員能藉由排除隨機誤差,推論該藥物確實對所有患者有效。
由此可知,第四階段會發生:
- 測試更多患者;
- 進行廣泛的臨床試驗;
- 透過排除隨機誤差,推論藥物對患者有效。
接著再看第四階段完成後的句子:
Upon the completion of the above four phases, the drug is allowed to be sold and should be safe for widespread use.
翻譯:
上述四個階段完成後,該藥物才被允許販售,並且應該能安全地廣泛使用。
因此,「藥物販售給大眾」是在四個階段完成後才發生,不屬於 phase four 本身。
選項分析
(A) More patients are tested.
意思是「測試更多患者」。
文章明確指出:
Phase four includes ... a greater number of patients
其中 a greater number of patients 就是「更多的患者」。因此這項確實發生在第四階段,正確但不是題目所問的答案。
(B) Researchers can deduce that the drug actually works for all patients by ruling out random error.
意思是「研究人員可以藉由排除隨機誤差,推論該藥物確實對所有患者有效。」
這幾乎是文章對 phase four 的直接描述:
`so that researchers can deduce that the drug actually works for all patients by ruling out rand
第 40 題2 分
IV. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question.
【題組共用題幹】
Passage B
Before you swallow that pill prescribed by your doctors, have you ever wondered what sort of tests have been done to ensure it is good for you, or is it even safe? Currently, before drugs are sold to consumers, at least four phases of premarket studies are done by researchers.
The first study, or phase one, is usually an animal study if a close enough physiology is found in that animal to humans. The aim of giving the drug to animals is to protect the lives of humans, as it is more ethically correct to save valuable human lives rather than prevent animal fatalities.
The next three phases include three clinical studies and only proceed once the first phase is passed. In phase two, the most initial test on people is done on very few healthy volunteers to check that there are no severe side effects. Phase three is also known as an efficacy study (a study to see if there are any benefits and/or side effects) and is done on patients with disease. This number, however, is still kept very small—about 200 to 500 volunteers—to save resources and not waste volunteers’ time if the drug is not effective in treating their diseases.
Phase four includes extensive clinical trials on a greater number of patients (still volunteers) so that researchers can deduce that the drug actually works for all patients by ruling out random error.
Upon the completion of the above four phases, the drug is allowed to be sold and should be safe for widespread use.
- The word “fatalities” in the second paragraph means __________.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀語境中的單字辨義。關鍵字是第二段的 fatalities,需根據上下文判斷其意義,而非只依靠字形猜測。
- fatal:致命的
- fatality:死亡、死亡事故;常指因事故、疾病等造成的死亡
- fatalities:死亡人數、死亡事件
- mortalities:死亡人數、死亡率;在本題選項中作為「死亡」的同義字
文章討論藥物上市前的動物實驗,重點是先以動物進行測試,以降低人體試驗的危險。
答案定位
原文第二段指出:
“The aim of giving the drug to animals is to protect the lives of humans, as it is more ethically correct to save valuable human lives rather than prevent animal fatalities.”
翻譯為:
給動物使用藥物的目的,是為了保護人類的生命,因為拯救珍貴的人類生命,在倫理上比避免動物死亡更為正確。
句中將 save valuable human lives 與 prevent animal fatalities 對比,因此 animal fatalities 即指「動物死亡」。
解題方法
將單字放回句中判斷:
- save human lives:拯救人類生命
- prevent animal fatalities:避免動物死亡
兩者都是生命保存與死亡避免的對比概念。由此可知,fatalities 應與「死亡」有關。
選項中只有 mortalities 表示死亡,因此選 (A)。
選項分析
- (A) mortalities:正確。
Mortality 表示死亡、死亡率;mortalities 可指死亡事件或死亡人數,與 fatalities 的語意最接近。
第 作文 題20 分
二、作文題
What have you learned from the pandemic (COVID-19)? Please write an essay to share your personal experience of virus spread prevention in at least 250 words in English.
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核心觀念
- 題目任務解析與審題要件:
- 題型:引導式論說與經驗分享結合的短文(Expository & Personal Narrative Essay)。
- 兩大核心問題(Prompt Prompts):
- What have you learned from the pandemic (COVID-19)?(從疫情中獲得的反思、體悟或學習)。
- Share your personal experience of virus spread prevention.(個人防堵病毒傳播的具體經驗與日常防疫措施)。
- 字數與格式要求:至少 250 字(at least 250 words in English)。在學士後中醫考試中,建議最佳字數落在 280~330 字之間,結構維持標準「四段式架構」(引言、個人經驗、反思省思、結論)。
- 學士後中醫特有背景連結:
- 報考學士後中醫的考生,在探討公共衛生議題(Public Health)時,若能適度連結中醫核心思維(例如「正氣存內,邪不可干」、「未病先防」之預防醫學觀念),將能使立意更加深刻,在眾多考卷中脫穎而出。
解題方法
本題採取標準的**四段式(Four-paragraph structure)**進行鋪陳,兼顧題目要求的「個人經驗」與「體悟啟發」:
- 第一段:引言(Introduction)
- Hook & Background:描繪 COVID-19 對全球造成的劇烈衝擊,打破了昔日的常規生活。
- Thesis Statement:點出疫情不僅考驗了全球公衛體系,更讓個人深刻體會到「集體責任(collective responsibility)」與「預防勝於治療(prevention is better than cure)」的真諦。
- 第二段:個人防疫具體經驗(Personal Experience of Virus Spread Prevention)
- 具體實踐:詳細描述日常生活中的非藥物介入措施(Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions, NPIs),包括配戴口罩(wearing surgical masks)、酒精消毒(sanitizing hands with alcohol)、落實社交距離(maintaining social distancing)與減少非必要外出。
- 心態調適:說明這些行動不僅是為了自我防護,更是為了保護易受感染的高風險族群。
- 第三段:從疫情中所學到的深刻啟發(Lessons Learned from the Pandemic)
- 公衛與醫學視角:體認到個體行為與群體健康密不可分(interconnectedness of individual behavior and public well-being)。
- 中醫預防思維融會:呼應「預防醫學(preventive medicine)」與身心平衡(holistic balance),強調提升免疫力與自我覺察的重要性。
- 第四段:結論(Conclusion)
- 總結全文:重申疫情帶來的成長與抗逆力(resilience)。
- 展望未來:提出以更審慎、同理且具備公衛素養的態度面對未來挑戰。
高分範文(Sample Essay)
The COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly reshaped human civilization, disrupting socioeconomic structures and redefining daily routines worldwide. Confronted with an unprecedented public health crisis, humanity was forced to re-evaluate the fragile nature of modern life. Through this crisis, I not only learned the paramount importance of public health preparedness but also realized that individual discipline plays a decisive role in safeguarding collective well-being.
During the peak of the outbreak, my daily life underwent radical transformations to prevent the spread of the virus. Adhering strictly to official guidelines, I incorporated non-pharmaceutical interventions into my routine. Wearing medical masks properly in public spaces, sanitizing hands frequently with 75% alcohol, and rigorously maintaining social distancing became second nature. Moreover, I minimized non-essential gatherings and monitored my body temperature daily. These behavioral adjustments were not merely driven by the instinct for self-preservation; rather, they stemmed from a conscious civic duty to protect vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and immunocompromised individuals, from potential transmission chains.