義守大學 106 年 《英文》
第 1 題2 分
According to the principle of _________, a fair economic system is one that distributes goods to individuals in proportion to their input.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查經濟與社會公平概念的字義辨析,關鍵在於:
equity:公平;衡平;依個人貢獻、需求或條件進行合理分配。
題幹指出,公平的經濟制度是「按照個人的投入比例分配財貨」。這正是 equity 所代表的「依據合理標準實現公平」概念。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句:
a fair economic system is one that distributes goods to individuals in proportion to their input.
翻譯:
公平的經濟制度,是按照個人的投入比例將財貨分配給個人的制度。
其中:
- fair:公平的
- economic system:經濟制度
- distribute:分配
- goods:財貨、商品
- in proportion to:按照……的比例
- input:投入、貢獻
「依個人投入多寡進行比例分配」強調的是公平、合理的分配原則,因此選 equity。
解題方法
先判斷空格所需的詞性。空格位於:
the principle of _________
介系詞 of 後面需要接名詞。四個選項皆可作名詞,因此本題不能只靠詞性判斷,必須比較語意。
再抓住題幹的核心描述:
distributes goods to individuals in proportion to their input
也就是「依據個人的投入或貢獻來分配資源」。這種按照合理標準分配、追求實質公平的原則,就是 the principle of equity。
選項分析
(A) balance:平衡
balance 指兩者之間的平衡或均衡狀態,例如:
- work-life balance:工作與生活的平衡
- balance between supply and demand:供需平衡
第 2 題2 分
The term “_________” refers to a type of defense mechanism in which people overachieve in one area to make up for failures in another.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
題幹翻譯與語境定位
- 題目原文:
"The term “_________” refers to a type of defense mechanism in which people overachieve in one area to make up for failures in another." - 中文翻譯:
「『________』一詞是指一種心理防衛機制,個體藉由在某個領域取得超額成就,來彌補在另一領域的失敗或不足。」
核心觀念
本題測驗心理學專有名詞及核心詞彙的語意對應。
- 心理防衛機制(Defense Mechanism)中的「補償作用」(Compensation):
在心理學(源自阿德勒個體心理學與佛洛伊德精神分析學派)中,compensation 指個體意識到自己在某些特質、生理或能力上的缺陷/失敗時,透過在另一領域加倍努力取得卓越成就,以減輕內心的自卑感或挫折感。 - 同義片語對應:
題幹中的關鍵動詞片語 make up for(彌補、補償)即為 compensate (for) 的核心定義。
解題方法
- 抓取核心線索:
題幹定義為「一種防衛機制(defense mechanism)」,且核心行為是「在一處表現過人以彌補另一處的失敗(overachieve in one area to make up for failures in another)」。 - 語意對應鎖定:
動詞片語 make up for = compensate for(補償、彌補)。其名詞形式即為 compensation。兩者在語意上形成精確的定義對應,故直接選 (B)。
選項分析
- (A) reimbursement(名詞)
- 字義:退款、補償金、代墊款核銷(通常指公務或出差代墊費用後的「實報實銷」)。
- 字根解析:(回) (在內) (錢包;同法文 bourse) 放回錢包中。
- 錯誤原因:純屬商業與財務會計術語,非心理防衛機制。
第 3 題2 分
As a writer, you need to be as immune to and _________ of the criticism of readers as you should be of their praises.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題測驗「高級形容詞詞彙語意」以及「形容詞與介系詞的固定搭配(Collocation)」,同時牽涉句型結構中的「對稱比較與語境對比」。
- 介系詞搭配:
題幹空格後方接介系詞of,因此所選的形容詞必須能與of連用形成慣用語(be ______ of)。 - 語意對比與平行結構:
句中以and連接兩個形容詞,修飾主詞you對讀者批評的態度:be as immune to and _________ of the criticism... as you should be of their praises.
- 前方的
immune to意為「對……免疫、不受……影響」。 - 後方比較對象為「對讀者的讚美也不受動搖/毫不在意(
as you should be of their praises)」。 - 由此可知,空格必須填入一個語意與
immune to相當(不受影響、不在乎、未察覺)、且能搭配介系詞of的形容詞。
解題方法
- 文法與搭配詞鎖定:
- 句型骨架為:
you need to be as [immune to] and [_________ of] the criticism of readers as you should be of their praises. - 劃線處與
immune to並列,且須接of。檢視選項中可搭配of且語意合理的形容詞。
- 語意邏輯分析:
- 題幹指出一名作家面對讀者的「批評(criticism)」與「讚美(praises)」時應有的持平態度——不能因為批評而受傷(immune to),也不能過度在意或沉溺於讚賞。
oblivious of / to意為「渾然不覺的、毫不在意的、不放在心上的」,帶入後形成「對讀者的批評應當免疫且不在意,就如同你對他們的讚美也該不在意一樣」,前後語意完全契合。
題幹翻譯與定位
原文:As a writer, you need to be as immune to and oblivious of the criticism of readers as you should be of their praises.
中譯:身為一名作家,你對讀者的批評需要做到不受影響且毫不在意,就如同你對他們的讚美也該同樣不在乎一樣。
選項分析
- (A) oblivious(正確)
- 詞性與字義:形容詞,意為「未察覺的、毫不在意的、不注意的」。
第 4 題2 分
A(n) _________ is a person to whom secrets can be told or with whom private matters and problems are discussed.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題測驗「高階名詞字彙」與「英文英文字義理解(定義型題型)」。考生需根據關係代名詞子句所修飾的特徵(能夠向其吐露秘密、傾訴私事的人),在選項中選出語意精確對應的人事物名詞。
題幹解析與翻譯
題幹原文:
"A(n) _________ is a person to whom secrets can be told or with whom private matters and problems are discussed."
結構分析:
- 主要句型為定義句:
A(n) [名詞] is a person...(某某身分是指一個人……)。 - 後方接兩個平行對等的關係代名詞子句共同修飾先行詞
a person:
to whom secrets can be told(秘密可以向其傾訴者;tell secrets to sb. 的被動式)with whom private matters and problems are discussed(私事與問題可以與其討論者;discuss matters with sb. 的被動式)
全句中文翻譯:
「知己/密友是指一個人,你可以向其吐露秘密,或是與其傾訴討論私事與難題。」
選項分析
- (A) acquaintance (n.) 相識的人、泛泛之交
錯誤。指見過面、彼此認識但交情不深的人(a person that you have met but do not know well),與「可傾訴私密問題與秘密」的親密關係不符。 - (B) foe (n.) 敵人、仇敵
錯誤。為 enemy 的文雅/書面語,指對立或帶有敵意的人,不可能向其分享秘密或商討私事。 - (C) adversary (n.) 對手、敵手
錯誤。
第 5 題2 分
As suburbs expand, they sometimes combine with the suburbs of the _________ metropolitan areas to form a megalopolis, a vast area in which many metropolises merge.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「形容詞的語意判斷」與上下文推論。
題幹描述:郊區不斷擴張,最後可能與「鄰近的大都會區」的郊區連成一片,形成 megalopolis(大都市帶、特大都市群)。因此,空格需要填入表示「相鄰的、鄰近的」形容詞。
- adjacent:相鄰的、鄰近的
- metropolitan area:大都會區
- suburb:郊區
- expand:擴張、擴大
- combine with:與……結合、合併
- megalopolis:大都市帶、由多個都市連成的廣大都市區
- merge:合併、融合
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
As suburbs expand, they sometimes combine with the suburbs of the _________ metropolitan areas to form a megalopolis, a vast area in which many metropolises merge.
翻譯為:
隨著郊區擴張,它們有時會與鄰近大都會區的郊區結合,形成大都市帶;大都市帶是許多大都市合併而成的廣大區域。
後半句的 a vast area in which many metropolises merge 清楚說明多個大都市彼此「合併、連接」,因此前面的 metropolitan areas 必須是彼此位置接近的都市區,而非遙遠的都市區。
解題方法
先判斷句子的因果與空間關係:
- 郊區擴張。
- 擴張後與其他大都會區的郊區相連。
- 多個大都市區合併,形成 megalopolis。
既然必須能夠互相連接,空格應填入表示「鄰近」的形容詞:
the adjacent metropolitan areas
其中 adjacent 修飾 metropolitan areas,表示「相鄰的大都會區」。
選項分析
(A) adjacent
第 6 題2 分
All personnel should familiarize themselves with the laboratory safety rules before working with dangerous chemicals. Failure to do so could result in severe _________ for both employer and employee.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查:
- 單字語意與語境判斷。
- 片語 result in 的用法。
- Failure to do so 所指的行為及其可能造成的後果。
- 可數名詞複數與句意搭配。
題幹描述的是:未遵守實驗室安全規則,接觸危險化學物質時可能造成嚴重的傷亡。因此空格應填入表示「死傷、傷亡人員」的 casualties。
解題方法
先定位因果關係:
Failure to do so could result in severe _________ for both employer and employee.
未做到這件事,可能會為雇主與員工雙方帶來嚴重的________。
前句提到:
All personnel should familiarize themselves with the laboratory safety rules before working with dangerous chemicals.
所有工作人員在接觸危險化學物質前,都應熟悉實驗室安全規則。
其中 Failure to do so 的 so 指的是「熟悉實驗室安全規則」。若不熟悉安全規則,接觸危險化學物質時便可能發生事故,造成死傷。
因此空格需要填入具有「嚴重傷亡」意義的名詞,答案為 casualties。
關鍵單字與片語
- personnel:人員,員工,集合名詞
- familiarize oneself with:使自己熟悉……
- laboratory safety rules:實驗室安全規則
- work with:使用、處理
- dangerous chemicals:危險化學物質
- failure to do so:未做到這件事;未如此做
- result in:導致,造成
- severe:嚴重的
- casualty:傷亡者;死傷人員
- blessing:祝福;幸事
- deficiency:缺乏;不足
- procedure:程序;步驟
casualty 通常指因事故、戰爭或災害而死亡或受傷的人;複數 casualties 可表示「傷亡、死傷人數」。
文法與語意重點
1. Failure to do so
這是名詞片語:
failure + to V
表示「未能做某事」。此處的 so 代替前句提到的動作,即:
familiarize themselves with the laboratory safety rules
所以:
Failure to do so
= Failure to familiarize themselves with the laboratory safety rules
= 未熟悉實驗室安全規則
2. result in
result in + 結果 表示「導致……」。
例如:
Careless handling of chemicals may result in serious injuries.
粗心處理化學物質可能導致嚴重傷害。
本題中:
第 7 題2 分
Chinese herbal _________ are herbal decoctions that have been condensed into a granular or powdered form and are easier and more convenient for patients to take.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查醫藥英文單字的字義判斷,以及名詞與上下文的語意搭配。
題幹描述的是:中藥煎劑經過濃縮,製成顆粒狀或粉末狀,讓病人更容易、更方便服用。這種「由藥材萃取或濃縮而成的製劑」稱為 extracts,中文為「萃取物、濃縮物、浸出物」。
解題方法
先抓住題幹中的關鍵線索:
Chinese herbal _________ are herbal decoctions that have been condensed into a granular or powdered form and are easier and more convenient for patients to take.
翻譯為:
中藥草本____是經過濃縮、製成顆粒狀或粉末狀的草藥煎劑,病人服用起來更容易也更方便。
其中:
- herbal decoctions:草藥煎劑、中藥煎劑
- condensed:濃縮的
- granular:顆粒狀的
- powdered form:粉末形式
- patients:病人、患者
- take:服用
煎劑經過濃縮後形成顆粒或粉末,符合 extracts 的定義,因此空格應填入 extracts。
完整句子為:
Chinese herbal extracts are herbal decoctions that have been condensed into a granular or powdered form and are easier and more convenient for patients to take.
意思是:
中藥萃取物是經過濃縮、製成顆粒狀或粉末狀的草藥煎劑,病人服用起來更容易也更方便。
此外,空格後的動詞為 are,表示空格中的名詞必須是複數名詞。extracts 正好是複數形式。
選項分析
(A) aroma
第 8 題2 分
Patients with a broken leg usually need to use _________ to walk on for a couple of months.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「醫療用品字彙」與「語境判斷」。關鍵在於:
- broken leg:腿部骨折
- use ... to walk:使用……來走路
- for a couple of months:持續幾個月
腿部骨折的病人通常需要借助能支撐身體、協助行走的器具,因此答案是 crutches(拐杖;腋下拐)。
題幹定位與翻譯
Patients with a broken leg usually need to use _________ to walk on for a couple of months.
翻譯:腿部骨折的病人通常需要使用_________來走路好幾個月。
句中 a broken leg 指出病人下肢受傷,to walk on 表示「藉以行走」,因此空格應填入「協助行走的器具」。
解題方法
先抓住句子的因果關係:
- 病人有腿部骨折。
- 骨折後暫時無法正常用患肢承重。
- 需要使用能支撐身體、幫助行走的醫療器具。
- 四個選項中,只有 crutches 符合此功能。
完整句為:
Patients with a broken leg usually need to use crutches to walk on for a couple of months.
第 9 題2 分
_________ tumors are cancerous and formed from abnormal cells.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「醫學英文單字辨義」與「形容詞修飾名詞」:
- malignant tumor:惡性腫瘤,具有癌性,源自細胞異常增生。
- benign tumor:良性腫瘤,通常不具癌性,較少侵犯周圍組織或轉移。
題幹中的 tumors 是複數名詞,空格需要填入能描述腫瘤性質的形容詞。關鍵線索是 cancerous(癌性的)與 formed from abnormal cells(由異常細胞形成),直接指向「惡性腫瘤」。
題幹定位與翻譯
_________ tumors are cancerous and formed from abnormal cells.
翻譯:
_________ 腫瘤具有癌性,並且是由異常細胞形成的。
其中 cancerous 是最重要的提示字,意思是「癌性的、惡性的」,與 malignant 意義相近。
完整句為:
Malignant tumors are cancerous and formed from abnormal cells.
惡性腫瘤具有癌性,並且是由異常細胞形成的。
解題方法
先判斷空格的詞性。空格位於名詞 tumors 前方,因此需要填入形容詞,形成「形容詞+名詞」的結構。
再根據語意判斷:
- 題幹明確出現 cancerous。
- 醫學上「癌性的腫瘤」稱為 malignant tumors。
- malignant 與 tumors 搭配自然,且完全符合題幹定義。
因此答案為 (C) Malignant。
選項分析
(A) Indignant
indignant 意為「憤慨的、義憤填膺的」,通常用來形容人因受到不公平對待而生氣,例如:
She was indignant about the unfair treatment.
第 10 題2 分
Goji helps to prevent cell _________ and reduce the reproduction of cancerous cells.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
題幹定位與翻譯
Goji helps to prevent cell _________ and reduce the reproduction of cancerous cells.
枸杞有助於預防細胞____,並減少癌細胞的增殖。
句中平行結構為:
- prevent cell _________:預防細胞____
- reduce the reproduction of cancerous cells:減少癌細胞的增殖
空格需填入能與 cell 搭配,且符合「細胞受到損傷、功能衰退」語意的名詞。
核心觀念
本題考兩大重點:
- 字義辨析
- 固定搭配與語境判斷
degeneration 意為「退化、衰退、變性」,cell degeneration 是生物學及醫學上常見的搭配,表示「細胞退化」或「細胞變性」。
題幹描述枸杞的保健作用:
- 預防細胞退化
- 減少癌細胞增殖
前後皆屬於保護細胞、抑制疾病發展的正面作用,因此空格應填入表示細胞病變或功能衰退的名詞。
解題方法
先觀察空格的位置:
prevent cell _________
介系詞 prevent 後面可接名詞,因此空格需要填入名詞。四個選項雖然都是名詞,但必須同時符合以下條件:
- 能自然地與 cell 搭配。
- 能被 prevent 預防。
- 與後面的「減少癌細胞增殖」形成合理的健康、醫學語意。
只有 degeneration 最符合三項條件:
prevent cell degeneration
預防細胞退化
完整句意為:
Goji helps to prevent cell degeneration and reduce the reproduction of cancerous cells.
枸杞有助於預防細胞退化,並減少癌細胞的增殖。
此外,prevent A and reduce B 使用兩個並列的動詞片語,表示枸杞具有兩種作用:
- prevent:預防
- reduce:減少
選項分析
(A) degeneration 退化、衰退、變性
正確。
cell degeneration 表示「細胞退化」,指細胞結構或功能逐漸衰退,也可涵蓋細胞受到損傷、變性的情形。這種現象在醫學與生物學語境中可以被預防,因此:
prevent cell degeneration
預防細胞退化
語意、搭配及文法皆正確。
(B) potency 效力、效能、潛能
錯誤。
potency 通常指藥物、毒物或某種物質的「效力、效能」,例如:
第 11 題2 分
_________ my teeth, I went to bed.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
題幹定位與翻譯
Having brushed my teeth, I went to bed.
刷完牙後,我就上床睡覺了。
關鍵字與片語:
- brush one’s teeth:刷牙
- go to bed:上床睡覺
- having + 過去分詞:完成式分詞構句,表示分詞動作先於主要子句動作完成
核心觀念
本題考「分詞構句」以及「完成式分詞構句」的用法。
原句可還原為:
After I had brushed my teeth, I went to bed.
我刷完牙後,就上床睡覺了。
前後兩個動作有明確的先後順序:
- 先刷牙
- 再上床睡覺
當從屬子句的動作發生在主要子句之前,且需要強調「已經完成」,可將其改寫為:
Having + 過去分詞
因此:
Having brushed my teeth, I went to bed.
其中 having brushed 表示「已經刷完牙」,而 I went to bed 表示「我上床睡覺」。
解題方法
先觀察逗號前後的動作關係:
- 逗號前:刷牙
- 逗號後:上床睡覺
語意上,刷牙必須先完成,之後才會上床睡覺。因此逗號前需要使用「完成式分詞構句」:
動詞 brush 的過去分詞為 brushed,所以答案為:
Having brushed my teeth, I went to bed.
選項分析
(A) Brushing
Brushing my teeth, I went to bed.
Brushing 是現在分詞,表示「正在刷牙時」或兩個動作大致同時發生。
此句容易理解成「我一邊刷牙,一邊上床睡覺」,與正常生活邏輯及題意的先後順序不符。題目要表達的是「刷完牙後」上床,而非「刷牙時」上床,因此不選。
若句子是:
Brushing my teeth, I heard the phone ring.
我刷牙時,聽到電話響。
此時兩個動作同時進行,使用 Brushing 才合適。
(B) I had brushed
I had brushed my teeth, I went to bed.
第 12 題2 分
Mrs. Crane had her house _________ last week.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
題幹翻譯與解析
原題題幹:Mrs. Crane had her house _________ last week.
中文翻譯:克蘭太太上週讓人把她的房子徹底翻修了。
核心觀念
本題測驗核心為使役動詞(Causative Verb)have 的受詞補語用法,特別是當「受詞」與「受詞補語」之間呈現被動關係時的句型結構:
- 主動語態:當受詞為主動執行動作的對象(通常是人),受詞補語使用原形動詞()。
例:I had the technician repair my computer.(我請技術員修理我的電腦。) - 被動語態:當受詞為承受動作的對象(通常是物),受詞補語使用過去分詞(),表示「使/讓某事物被……」。
例:I had my computer repaired.(我的電腦讓人給修了。)
關鍵單字解析
- overhaul /ˌoʊ.vɚˈhɑːl/ 徹底檢修、大修、全面翻新; 全面檢修、翻修。
- Crane /kreɪn/ 鶴;此處為人名(克蘭)。
解題方法
- 判斷主要動詞:句中主要動詞為
had(使役動詞have的過去式)。 - 判斷受詞與補語的邏輯主被動:
- 受詞為
her house(她的房子)。 - 動詞為
overhaul(徹底翻修)。 - 房子本身無法主動執行「翻修」的動作,而是「被翻修」,兩者在語意上為被動關係(
her house was overhauled)。
- 選取對應的非限定動詞形式:在使役動詞
have後接承受動作的受詞時,補語必須使用過去分詞(),因此應填入overhauled。
選項分析
第 13 題2 分
Which of the following would make the sentence ungrammatical “I am looking forward to _________.”
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查片語 look forward to 的用法。
look forward to + 名詞/動名詞(V-ing) 表示「期待……」。此處的 to 是介系詞,不是不定詞記號,因此後面若接動詞,必須使用動名詞。
- look forward to your visit:期待你的拜訪
- look forward to hearing from you:期待收到你的消息
- look forward to seeing you again:期待再次見到你
題幹句意為:
I am looking forward to _________.
我正期待著 __________。
題目要求選出會使句子文法不正確的選項。
解題方法
先辨認固定片語:
接著逐一判斷空格內容:
- 若為名詞或名詞片語,可以直接接在介系詞 to 後面。
- 若為動詞,必須改成 V-ing 形式。
- 不可直接使用動詞原形。
因此,選項中只有 hear 是動詞原形,不能直接放在介系詞 to 後面。
選項分析
(A) your visit
- your visit 是名詞片語,意為「你的拜訪」。
- 介系詞 to 後面可以接名詞。
完整句:
I am looking forward to your visit.
我正期待你的拜訪。
此選項文法正確。
(B) hear from you
- hear 是動詞原形,意為「聽到、收到消息」。
- hear from someone 是片語,意為「收到某人的消息」。
- 但 look forward to 中的 to 是介系詞,後面不能直接接動詞原形 hear。
錯誤形式:
I am looking forward to hear from you.
正確形式應為:
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
我期待收到你的消息。
因此,本選項會使句子不合文法。
第 14 題2 分
To provide relief for people _________ from unemployment, the government stepped into the domain of the private sector by becoming a large-scale employer.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「分詞片語修飾名詞」以及片語 suffer from 的用法。
題幹中的空格位於名詞 people 後面,用來修飾「哪些人」。完整句型可還原為:
people who are suffering from unemployment
省略關係代名詞與 be 動詞後,成為:
people suffering from unemployment
其中現在分詞 suffering 表示 people 正處於「遭受失業之苦」的狀態,與被修飾的名詞 people 具有主動關係。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
To provide relief for people suffering from unemployment, the government stepped into the domain of the private sector by becoming a large-scale employer.
翻譯:
為了救助遭受失業之苦的人們,政府藉由成為大規模雇主,介入了私人部門的領域。
句首 To provide relief 是目的不定詞,表示「為了提供救濟」。主要子句為:
the government stepped into the domain of the private sector
意思是「政府介入私人部門的領域」。
解題方法
先判斷空格修飾的對象是 people,再確認 people 與 suffer 的語意關係。
people 是「遭受失業之苦」的主體,也就是 people suffer from unemployment,而不是 unemployment 使 people 被動承受某個動作。因此應使用現在分詞:
people suffering from unemployment
遭受失業之苦的人們
此片語等同於:
people who are suffering from unemployment
選項分析
- (A) suffered
錯誤。suffered 是過去式,也可作過去分詞,但本句在 people 後方需要一個能修飾名詞的分詞片語。若視為過去式,句子會缺少主詞與完整謂語;若視為過去分詞,則無法自然表達 people 主動「遭受」失業的意思。
第 15 題2 分
Fever helps fight viral infection, so you don't need to treat it _________ your child is uncomfortable.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「連接詞的語意與句型」,重點是判斷空格前後兩個子句之間的邏輯關係。
題幹:
Fever helps fight viral infection, so you don't need to treat it _________ your child is uncomfortable.
翻譯:
發燒有助於對抗病毒感染,所以除非你的孩子感到不舒服,否則你不需要治療發燒。
空格後的 your child is uncomfortable 是完整子句,表示「你的孩子感到不舒服」。全句需要一個表示「除非」的條件連接詞,因此選 unless。
解題方法
先找出主要句子的邏輯:
- Fever helps fight viral infection:發燒有助於對抗病毒感染。
- so:所以。
- you don't need to treat it:你不需要治療它,此處的 it 指前面的 fever。
- your child is uncomfortable:你的孩子感到不舒服。
句意是:
發燒本身有助於對抗病毒,因此只有在孩子感到不舒服時,才需要治療發燒。
「只有在……時才……」可改寫為「除非……,否則……」:
You don't need to treat it unless your child is uncomfortable.
unless 表示「除非」,其功能相當於:
if ... not
如果……不
因此本句可改寫為:
You don't need to treat it if your child is not uncomfortable.
這與題幹語意完全一致。
選項分析
(A) as though
as though 表示「彷彿、好像」,用來引導與事實相似或假設性的情況。
例如:
He talks as though he knew everything.
他說話的樣子彷彿什麼都知道。
代入題幹後:
You don't need to treat it as though your child is uncomfortable.
語意變成「你不需要治療發燒,彷彿你的孩子感到不舒服」,句子的邏輯不通,無法表達「除非孩子不舒服」的條件,因此錯誤。
(B) as of
as of 是介系詞片語,表示「截至……」「從……起」。
例如:
As of today, the rule is effective.
截至今天,這項規定生效。
第 16 題2 分
The man died because medical help was not summoned. A doctor should _________ immediately.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題測驗重點為**情態助動詞(Modal Auxiliaries)表達「對過去事實的推測或懊悔遺憾」以及被動語態(Passive Voice)**的結合應用。
- 情態助動詞表達與過去事實相反(懊悔/責備/理應發生卻未發生):
- 句型:
- 意義:「(過去)本來應該……(但實際上卻沒有做)」。
- 完成式的被動語態:
- 句型:
- 兩者結合(情態助動詞的過去被動式):
- 句型:
- 意義:「(過去)本來應該要被……」。
題幹解析與關鍵詞彙
- 題幹引文與翻譯:
"The man died because medical help was not summoned. A doctor should _________ immediately."
(這名男子因未獲得及時醫療救援而死亡。當時本該立刻叫醫生的。)
- 關鍵單字與片語:
- summon (v.):召喚、傳喚;召來(救援或醫生)。
- medical help (n.):醫療援助/救援。
- immediately (adv.):立刻、馬上。
- call (v.):打電話通知、召來。
解題方法
- 判斷時間點與語氣:
- 第一句動詞為
died(過去式)與was not summoned(過去被動式),顯示整個事件為過去發生的事實。 - 第二句指出「本來應該找醫生」,屬於對「過去未發生的動作」表達責備或遺憾,必須使用 結構。
- 判斷語態(主動 vs. 被動):
- 空格的主詞是
A doctor(醫生),而動詞是call(召喚、打電話找)。 - 邏輯語意上是「人們召喚醫生」,因此「醫生」是被召喚的對象(被動受詞提前為主詞),必須使用被動語態。
- 公式合成:
第 17 題2 分
Our teachers insist that we _________ on time.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
題幹翻譯與語境
- 原文:Our teachers insist that we _________ on time.
- 中譯:我們的老師堅持我們必須準時。
核心觀念
本題測驗後中醫英文試題中極高頻的文法重點:表「命令、建議、要求、堅持」之意志動詞(Subjunctive Mood / 假設語氣)所引導的 that 名詞子句。
當主句動詞為表示建議(suggest, recommend, advise)、要求/命令(order, demand, command, require, request)、或堅持(insist)等意志動詞時,後方接續的 that 子句表示「應該如何」,其動詞結構固定為:
在現代英文(特別是美式英文與各類學士後醫入學考試中),助動詞 should 通常省略,子句動詞直接以**原形動詞(Base Form)**呈現,且不隨主詞人稱、單複數或時態產生變化。
解題方法
- 抓取關鍵字:句中主要子句的核心動詞為 insist(堅持)。
- 分析子句功能與句意:that 子句接在 insist 之後,表示老師「堅持/要求大家應當準時」,屬於具強烈意志要求之事項。
- 推導動詞形式:that 子句結構為
we + (should) + V。因形容詞片語「準時」為on time,前方需搭配 be 動詞構成繫詞片語be on time。 - 得出結論:省略 should 後,留下的必須是原形動詞 be,即完整結構為
that we (should) be on time。
選項分析
- (A) were:錯誤。
若將本題誤判為「與現在事實相反的假設語氣」,考生容易誤選 were;但意志動詞子句屬於「虛擬語氣之原形動詞(Present Subjunctive)」,規定一律使用原形動詞(be),不隨主詞或時態倒退使用過去式。 - (B) be:正確。
第 18 題2 分
Some people have a habit _________ their teeth while they are asleep.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查固定搭配:
have a habit of + V-ing
有……的習慣
題幹中的句型是:
Some people have a habit _________ their teeth while they are asleep.
空格前為 a habit,其後應接介系詞 of;介系詞 of 後面必須接名詞或動名詞,因此結構應為:
a habit of + grinding
其中 grinding 是動名詞,作介系詞 of 的受詞。
解題方法
先判斷句型:
have a habit of + 動名詞
再判斷語意。睡覺時「磨牙」的英文是:
grind one’s teeth
因此:
a habit of grinding their teeth
完整句意為:
Some people have a habit of grinding their teeth while they are asleep.
有些人有在睡覺時磨牙的習慣。
「睡眠中磨牙」的名詞稱為 bruxism,但本題只需掌握動詞片語 grind one’s teeth。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵結構為:
have a habit of grinding their teeth
翻譯:
有磨牙的習慣。
其中:
- some people:有些人
- have a habit of:有……的習慣
- grind one’s teeth:磨牙、咬牙切齒
- while:當……時
- asleep:睡著的、熟睡的
選項分析
(A) of grounding
ground 的主要意思包括「使接地」、「使奠定基礎」、「使擱淺」等。例如:
第 19 題2 分
_________ a nuclear plant go wrong, the impact on its surrounding area could be disastrous.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念:Should 表示「萬一」的假設語氣
本題考「條件句的倒裝用法」。句型:
Should + 主詞 + 原形動詞, 主句...
等同於:
If + 主詞 + should + 原形動詞, 主句...
因此:
Should a nuclear plant go wrong, the impact on its surrounding area could be disastrous.
可還原為:
If a nuclear plant should go wrong, the impact on its surrounding area could be disastrous.
意思是:「萬一核電廠發生故障,對其周邊地區的影響可能會是災難性的。」
這種用法正式、書面,常用於表達未來不太可能發生、但一旦發生就會造成嚴重後果的情況。
解題方法
先觀察空格後的結構:
a nuclear plant go wrong
主詞是單數的 a nuclear plant,後面直接接原形動詞 go。這表示空格中的字必須能形成特殊的假設條件句倒裝。
將 Should 放入後:
Should a nuclear plant go wrong...
這是正確的倒裝條件句,等同於:
If a nuclear plant should go wrong...
主句中的 could be disastrous 也表示「可能造成災難性後果」,與前面的假設情境相呼應。因此正確答案為 (C) Should。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
Should a nuclear plant go wrong, the impact on its surrounding area could be disastrous.
翻譯:
萬一核電廠發生故障,對其周邊地區的影響可能會是災難性的。
其中:
- nuclear plant:核電廠
- go wrong:出問題、發生故障
- impact:影響、衝擊
- surrounding area:周邊地區
- disastrous:災難性的、造成嚴重後果的
選項分析
(A) If
若填入後為:
If a nuclear plant go wrong...
依一般現代英文,單數主詞 a nuclear plant 後面應使用 goes,因此通常應寫成:
If a nuclear plant goes wrong...
也可以寫成:
If a nuclear plant should go wrong...
本題空格後已經是原形動詞 go,沒有 should,故依一般考試文法判定不合適。
第 20 題2 分
Not until I _________ in bed did I think of the invitation.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「躺下、放置、說謊」三個易混淆動詞的變化,以及 Not until... 所引導的否定副詞片語置於句首時的倒裝句型。
表示「躺、位於」的動詞是 lie,變化如下:
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 意義 |
|---|---|---|---|
| lie | lay | lain | 躺、位於 |
| lay | laid | laid | 放置某物 |
| lie | lied | lied | 說謊 |
題幹中的主詞是 I,空格後沒有受詞,語意是「躺在床上」,因此需要使用表示「躺」的動詞 lie 的過去式 lay。
解題方法
先將句首的倒裝結構還原:
Not until I _________ in bed did I think of the invitation.
還原後為:
I did not think of the invitation until I _________ in bed.
句意是:
直到我躺在床上,我才想到那個邀請。
「想到邀請」發生在過去,因此「躺在床上」也是過去情境,應使用 lie 的過去式 lay:
Not until I lay in bed did I think of the invitation.
此句採用 Not until... did + 主詞 + 原形動詞 的倒裝結構:
- 一般語序:I did not think of the invitation until I lay in bed.
- 倒裝語序:Not until I lay in bed did I think of the invitation.
注意倒裝部分的 did I think 中,助動詞 did 已表示過去式,因此主要動詞使用原形 think;但從屬子句中的 lay 本身仍須依照時間使用過去式。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句:
Not until I lay in bed did I think of the invitation.
翻譯:
直到我躺在床上,我才想到那個邀請。
其中:
- not until:直到……才……
- lay in bed:躺在床上
- think of:想到
- invitation:邀請;邀請函
選項分析
(A) lay
第 21 題
【共用題幹;第21格】
As the nation’s opioid crisis worsens, the authorities are confronting a resurgent, unruly player in the illicit
trade of the deadly drugs, 21 that threatens to be even more formidable than the cartels.
In a growing number of arrests and overdoses, law enforcement officials say, the drugs are being bought
online. Internet sales have allowed powerful synthetic opioids such as fentanyl — the fastest-growing cause of
overdoses nationwide — to reach living rooms in nearly every region of the country, as they arrive in small
packages in the mail.
The authorities have been 22 in their efforts to crack down on the trade because these sites generally
exist on the so-called dark web, where buyers can visit 23 using special browsers and make purchases
with 24 currencies like Bitcoin.
The problem of dark web sales appeared to have been 25 in 2013, when the authorities took down
the most famous online marketplace for drugs, known as Silk Road. But since then, countless successors have
popped up, making the drugs readily available to tens of thousands of customers who would not otherwise
have had chances to reach them.
【第21格選項】
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
【答案】B
解題依據
原句結構是 “a resurgent, unruly player ..., one that threatens...” 。one 重述前面的單數名詞 player,後接 that 子句補充說明,故選 B。
第 22 題
【共用題幹;第22格】
As the nation’s opioid crisis worsens, the authorities are confronting a resurgent, unruly player in the illicit
trade of the deadly drugs, 21 that threatens to be even more formidable than the cartels.
In a growing number of arrests and overdoses, law enforcement officials say, the drugs are being bought
online. Internet sales have allowed powerful synthetic opioids such as fentanyl — the fastest-growing cause of
overdoses nationwide — to reach living rooms in nearly every region of the country, as they arrive in small
packages in the mail.
The authorities have been 22 in their efforts to crack down on the trade because these sites generally
exist on the so-called dark web, where buyers can visit 23 using special browsers and make purchases
with 24 currencies like Bitcoin.
The problem of dark web sales appeared to have been 25 in 2013, when the authorities took down
the most famous online marketplace for drugs, known as Silk Road. But since then, countless successors have
popped up, making the drugs readily available to tens of thousands of customers who would not otherwise
have had chances to reach them.
【第22格選項】
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
【答案】D
解題依據
暗網使調查人員難以取締交易,句意為執法機關在打擊行動上受挫;frustrated 可描述努力受阻。
第 23 題
【共用題幹;第23格】
As the nation’s opioid crisis worsens, the authorities are confronting a resurgent, unruly player in the illicit
trade of the deadly drugs, 21 that threatens to be even more formidable than the cartels.
In a growing number of arrests and overdoses, law enforcement officials say, the drugs are being bought
online. Internet sales have allowed powerful synthetic opioids such as fentanyl — the fastest-growing cause of
overdoses nationwide — to reach living rooms in nearly every region of the country, as they arrive in small
packages in the mail.
The authorities have been 22 in their efforts to crack down on the trade because these sites generally
exist on the so-called dark web, where buyers can visit 23 using special browsers and make purchases
with 24 currencies like Bitcoin.
The problem of dark web sales appeared to have been 25 in 2013, when the authorities took down
the most famous online marketplace for drugs, known as Silk Road. But since then, countless successors have
popped up, making the drugs readily available to tens of thousands of customers who would not otherwise
have had chances to reach them.
【第23格選項】
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
【答案】C
解題依據
特殊瀏覽器讓買家匿名造訪暗網;“visit anonymously” 表匿名瀏覽,符合段落所述交易方式。
第 24 題
【共用題幹;第24格】
As the nation’s opioid crisis worsens, the authorities are confronting a resurgent, unruly player in the illicit
trade of the deadly drugs, 21 that threatens to be even more formidable than the cartels.
In a growing number of arrests and overdoses, law enforcement officials say, the drugs are being bought
online. Internet sales have allowed powerful synthetic opioids such as fentanyl — the fastest-growing cause of
overdoses nationwide — to reach living rooms in nearly every region of the country, as they arrive in small
packages in the mail.
The authorities have been 22 in their efforts to crack down on the trade because these sites generally
exist on the so-called dark web, where buyers can visit 23 using special browsers and make purchases
with 24 currencies like Bitcoin.
The problem of dark web sales appeared to have been 25 in 2013, when the authorities took down
the most famous online marketplace for drugs, known as Silk Road. But since then, countless successors have
popped up, making the drugs readily available to tens of thousands of customers who would not otherwise
have had chances to reach them.
【第24格選項】
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
【答案】B
解題依據
Bitcoin 是數位/虛擬貨幣,因此 virtual currencies 是正確詞組。
第 25 題
【共用題幹;第25格】
As the nation’s opioid crisis worsens, the authorities are confronting a resurgent, unruly player in the illicit
trade of the deadly drugs, 21 that threatens to be even more formidable than the cartels.
In a growing number of arrests and overdoses, law enforcement officials say, the drugs are being bought
online. Internet sales have allowed powerful synthetic opioids such as fentanyl — the fastest-growing cause of
overdoses nationwide — to reach living rooms in nearly every region of the country, as they arrive in small
packages in the mail.
The authorities have been 22 in their efforts to crack down on the trade because these sites generally
exist on the so-called dark web, where buyers can visit 23 using special browsers and make purchases
with 24 currencies like Bitcoin.
The problem of dark web sales appeared to have been 25 in 2013, when the authorities took down
the most famous online marketplace for drugs, known as Silk Road. But since then, countless successors have
popped up, making the drugs readily available to tens of thousands of customers who would not otherwise
have had chances to reach them.
【第25格選項】
(A) stamped out
(B) kicked in
(C) made up
(D) aspired to
The technology company Microsoft is angry with America's National Security Agency (NSA). Microsoft
said the WannaCry ransomware cyber-attack happened because the NSA keeps lots of cyber-weapons on its
computers. Ransomware is a type of harmful software that blocks 26 a computer until the owner of the
computer pays a ransom to the hackers. The NSA is America's military intelligence organization. It helps to
keep America's communications and information systems safe. It is also responsible for stopping cyber-attacks
against the USA. However, experts say the WannaCry ransomware used computer spying tools 27
designed by the NSA. Microsoft president Brad Smith said governments needed to wake up to the problem of
storing cyber-weapons that hackers can steal. He said it was as big a problem as someone stealing missiles
from the USA. When talking about the WannaCry attack, he said, "This attack provides yet 28 example of
why the stockpiling of these things by governments is such a problem." The European police agency Europol
said WannaCry has 29 200,000 computers in 150 countries. The malware 30 chaos for the
National Health Service in the U.K. Many operations were cancelled. Experts warned people to back up their
files because a second wave of attacks could come.
校方公布看官方參考答案 ▾收合 ▴
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
【答案】A
解題依據
文中說 2013 年當局關閉 Silk Road 後,問題似乎已被根除;後來繼任市場又出現,形成轉折。stamp out 表徹底消滅。
第 26 題
【題組共用題幹】
The technology company Microsoft is angry with America's National Security Agency (NSA). Microsoft said the WannaCry ransomware cyber-attack happened because the NSA keeps lots of cyber-weapons on its computers. Ransomware is a type of harmful software that blocks ____ a computer until the owner of the computer pays a ransom to the hackers. The NSA is America's military intelligence organization. It helps to keep America's communications and information systems safe. It is also responsible for stopping cyber-attacks against the USA. However, experts say the WannaCry ransomware used computer spying tools ____ designed by the NSA. Microsoft president Brad Smith said governments needed to wake up to the problem of storing cyber-weapons that hackers can steal. He said it was as big a problem as someone stealing missiles from the USA. When talking about the WannaCry attack, he said, “This attack provides yet ____ example of why the stockpiling of these things by governments is such a problem.” The European police agency Europol said WannaCry has ____ 200,000 computers in 150 countries. The malware ____ chaos for the National Health Service in the U.K. Many operations were cancelled. Experts warned people to back up their files because a second wave of attacks could come.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「固定搭配」與「詞性判斷」:
block access to + 地方/設備/資訊:阻止進入、使用……access在此為名詞,意為「使用權、存取權、進入權」。to是介系詞,連接受限制的對象。
句型為:
block + access to + 名詞
因此應填 access to。
解題方法
定位題幹句子:
Ransomware is a type of harmful software that blocks ____ a computer until the owner of the computer pays a ransom to the hackers.
翻譯:
勒索軟體是一種有害軟體,會封鎖對電腦的存取權,直到電腦所有者向駭客支付贖金為止。
blocks 後面需要接名詞片語。此處不是「封鎖電腦本身」,而是「封鎖使用電腦的權限」,英文固定說法為:
block access to a computer
完整句意為「封鎖對電腦的存取權」。
選項分析
(A) access in
access in 不是表示「使用/進入某設備的權限」的標準搭配。in 通常表示「在……之內」,放入本句後無法自然表達「對電腦的存取權」,故錯誤。
(B) access to
access to + 名詞 表示「使用、進入或取得某物的權限」。access to a computer 即「使用電腦的權限/對電腦的存取權」,符合句意與文法,故正確。
(C) access into
第 27 題
【題組共用題幹】
The technology company Microsoft is angry with America's National Security Agency (NSA). Microsoft said the WannaCry ransomware cyber-attack happened because the NSA keeps lots of cyber-weapons on its computers. Ransomware is a type of harmful software that blocks ____ a computer until the owner of the computer pays a ransom to the hackers.
The NSA is America's military intelligence organization. It helps to keep America's communications and information systems safe. It is also responsible for stopping cyber-attacks against the USA. However, experts say the WannaCry ransomware used computer spying tools ____ designed by the NSA.
Microsoft president Brad Smith said governments needed to wake up to the problem of storing cyber-weapons that hackers can steal. He said it was as big a problem as someone stealing missiles from the USA. When talking about the WannaCry attack, he said, “This attack provides yet ____ example of why the stockpiling of these things by governments is such a problem.”
The European police agency Europol said WannaCry has ____ 200,000 computers in 150 countries. The malware ____ chaos for the National Health Service in the U.K. Many operations were cancelled. Experts warned people to back up their files because a second wave of attacks could come.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查:
- 詞性判斷:名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞的用法。
- 副詞修飾分詞:
originally designed。 - 分詞片語與關係子句的簡化。
關鍵句為:
However, experts say the WannaCry ransomware used computer spying tools ____ designed by the NSA.
然而,專家表示,WannaCry 勒索軟體使用了原本由 NSA 設計的電腦間諜工具。
空格位於 designed 前方,需要修飾「設計」這個動作,因此應填副詞。
解題方法
句子的核心結構是:
computer spying tools + ____ + designed by the NSA
designed by the NSA 是過去分詞片語,修飾前面的 computer spying tools,相當於:
computer spying tools which were designed by the NSA
由 NSA 設計的電腦間諜工具
題意要表達的是「這些工具最初是由 NSA 設計的」,因此需要副詞修飾 designed:
originally designed by the NSA
最初由 NSA 設計
originally 意為「原本地、最初地」,可修飾過去分詞 designed,故選 (C)。
選項分析
(A) origins
origins 是名詞 origin 的複數,意為「起源、來源」。
例如:
The origins of the virus are unknown.
這種病毒的起源不明。
本句空格需要副詞修飾 designed,不能使用名詞。
tools origins designed by the NSA 在文法上不成立,因此錯誤。
(B) original
original 是形容詞,意為「原本的、最初的、原創的」。
例如:
This is the original design.
這是最初的設計。
若填入本句:
tools original designed by the NSA
形容詞 original 不能直接修飾過去分詞 designed。此處需要表達「最初被設計」,應使用副詞 originally,而非形容詞 original,因此錯誤。
(C) originally
originally 是副詞,意為「原本地、最初地」。
originally designed by the NSA 表示:
最初由 NSA 設計
副詞 originally 修飾過去分詞 designed,文法與語意皆正確:
第 28 題
【題組共用題幹】
The technology company Microsoft is angry with America's National Security Agency (NSA). Microsoft said the WannaCry ransomware cyber-attack happened because the NSA keeps lots of cyber-weapons on its computers. Ransomware is a type of harmful software that blocks ____ a computer until the owner of the computer pays a ransom to the hackers.
The NSA is America's military intelligence organization. It helps to keep America's communications and information systems safe. It is also responsible for stopping cyber-attacks against the USA. However, experts say the WannaCry ransomware used computer spying tools ____ designed by the NSA.
Microsoft president Brad Smith said governments needed to wake up to the problem of storing cyber-weapons that hackers can steal. He said it was as big a problem as someone stealing missiles from the USA. When talking about the WannaCry attack, he said, “This attack provides yet ____ example of why the stockpiling of these things by governments is such a problem.”
The European police agency Europol said WannaCry has ____ 200,000 computers in 150 countries. The malware ____ chaos for the National Health Service in the U.K. Many operations were cancelled. Experts warned people to back up their files because a second wave of attacks could come.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考 不定代名詞/限定詞的用法,以及固定搭配 yet another + 單數可數名詞。
句中空格後面是單數可數名詞 example,且前面已有 yet:
This attack provides yet ____ example of why the stockpiling of these things by governments is such a problem.
其中:
- yet another example:又一個例子、再一個例子
- another = an + other,表示「另一個、又一個」,後接單數可數名詞
- yet another 是常見語意搭配,表示「又再一個」,帶有「這已經不是第一次」的語氣
題幹定位與翻譯
定位句為:
This attack provides yet another example of why the stockpiling of these things by governments is such a problem.
翻譯:
這次攻擊再次提供了一個例子,說明政府囤積這些網路武器為何會造成如此嚴重的問題。
文中 Microsoft 已先指出政府儲存網路武器可能造成危險;WannaCry 攻擊再次證明這項問題,因此使用 yet another example 最符合語意。
解題方法
第一步,觀察空格後的名詞:
____ example
example 是單數可數名詞,前面必須有適當的限定詞,例如:
- an example
- another example
- the example
- this example
第二步,觀察空格前的 yet。
yet another 是固定且自然的搭配,表示「又一個、再一個」,常用於列舉同類事件,並暗示先前已有其他例子。
因此完整句子為:
This attack provides yet another example ...
意思是「這次攻擊又再次成為一個例子」。
選項分析
(A) other
other 通常不能單獨放在單數可數名詞前面。常見用法如下:
- other examples:其他例子
- other information:其他資訊
- the other example:另一個特定的例子
- another example:另一個例子
若要修飾單數可數名詞,通常需要搭配冠詞或其他限定詞;單獨使用 yet other example 不合乎標準英文表達。因此錯誤。
(B) the other
the other 表示「兩者中的另一個」或「特定範圍中剩下的那一個」,具有明確、特定的指涉。例如:
第 29 題
【題組共用題幹】
The technology company Microsoft is angry with America's National Security Agency (NSA). Microsoft said the WannaCry ransomware cyber-attack happened because the NSA keeps lots of cyber-weapons on its computers. Ransomware is a type of harmful software that blocks ____ a computer until the owner of the computer pays a ransom to the hackers.
The NSA is America's military intelligence organization. It helps to keep America's communications and information systems safe. It is also responsible for stopping cyber-attacks against the USA. However, experts say the WannaCry ransomware used computer spying tools ____ designed by the NSA.
Microsoft president Brad Smith said governments needed to wake up to the problem of storing cyber-weapons that hackers can steal. He said it was as big a problem as someone stealing missiles from the USA. When talking about the WannaCry attack, he said, “This attack provides yet ____ example of why the stockpiling of these things by governments is such a problem.”
The European police agency Europol said WannaCry has ____ 200,000 computers in 150 countries. The malware ____ chaos for the National Health Service in the U.K. Many operations were cancelled. Experts warned people to back up their files because a second wave of attacks could come.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考三個重點:
- 現在完成式:
has + 過去分詞 - 主動與被動語態
- 近義字辨析:
affect與effect
定位答案的句子是:
The European police agency Europol said WannaCry has ____ 200,000 computers in 150 countries.
翻譯:歐洲警察機構歐洲刑警組織表示,WannaCry 已經影響了 150 個國家的 20 萬台電腦。
句子的主詞是 WannaCry,表示勒索病毒對電腦造成影響,因此需要使用主動語態的 affected。
解題方法
句中已有助動詞 has:
WannaCry has ____ 200,000 computers
現在完成式的基本結構為:
affect 的三態變化為:
- affect:影響
- affected:過去式、過去分詞
- affected:過去分詞
因此:
WannaCry has affected 200,000 computers.
表示「WannaCry 已經影響了 20 萬台電腦」,文法與語意皆正確。
關鍵單字與片語
technology company:科技公司ransomware:勒索軟體cyber-attack:網路攻擊harmful software:有害軟體、惡意軟體block:阻擋、封鎖pay a ransom:支付贖金hacker:駭客military intelligence organization:軍事情報組織cyber-weapon:網路武器stockpiling:囤積、儲存malware:惡意軟體cause chaos:造成混亂affect:影響effect:效果、影響;作為動詞時表示「促成、實現」operation:手術;操作back up files:備份檔案a wave of attacks:一波攻擊
選項分析
(A) affected
正確。affected 是 affect 的過去分詞,可與 has 組成現在完成式:
WannaCry has affected 200,000 computers.
affect 作動詞,表示「對某人或某物造成影響」,符合病毒影響電腦的語意。
(B) effected
第 30 題
【題組共用題幹】
The technology company Microsoft is angry with America's National Security Agency (NSA). Microsoft said the WannaCry ransomware cyber-attack happened because the NSA keeps lots of cyber-weapons on its computers. Ransomware is a type of harmful software that blocks ____ a computer until the owner of the computer pays a ransom to the hackers.
The NSA is America's military intelligence organization. It helps to keep America's communications and information systems safe. It is also responsible for stopping cyber-attacks against the USA. However, experts say the WannaCry ransomware used computer spying tools ____ designed by the NSA.
Microsoft president Brad Smith said governments needed to wake up to the problem of storing cyber-weapons that hackers can steal. He said it was as big a problem as someone stealing missiles from the USA. When talking about the WannaCry attack, he said, “This attack provides yet ____ example of why the stockpiling of these things by governments is such a problem.”
The European police agency Europol said WannaCry has ____ 200,000 computers in 150 countries. The malware ____ chaos for the National Health Service in the U.K. Many operations were cancelled. Experts warned people to back up their files because a second wave of attacks could come.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題測驗「及物動詞的用法與語態判斷(Transitive Verb & Voice)」。
動詞 cause 為及物動詞(),核心句型為:
- 主動語態:(造成……、引起……)
- 被動語態:(由……所引起)
解題關鍵在於判斷空格前後的「主詞與受詞關係」以及「主被動語態」。
定位句分析與中譯
- 題幹定位句:
"The malware ____ chaos for the National Health Service in the U.K."
- 句子結構剖析:
- 主詞(Subject):
The malware(惡意軟體,作施事者/起因) - 動詞(Verb):空格處需要一個及物動詞的過去式動詞
- 受詞(Object):
chaos(混亂,不可數名詞,作受詞/結果) - 介系詞片語(修飾語):
for the National Health Service in the U.K. - 整句中譯:
「該惡意軟體為英國國家醫療服務體系(NHS)造成了混亂。」
解題方法
- 確認主動關係:主詞為「malware」(惡意軟體),後面緊跟著名詞「chaos」(混亂)。惡意軟體是「引起混亂」的主動施事者,而非「被引起」,因此動詞必須使用主動語態。
- 檢驗及物動詞搭配:
cause本身為及物動詞,其後直接接受詞,不需要加任何介系詞(即cause + N)。整句時態為過去發生的既成事件(如後文的Many operations were cancelled.),故填入過去式及物動詞 caused 最為正確。
選項分析
- (A) was caused by:錯誤。此為被動語態(was + p.p. + by)。若使用此選項,句意會變成「惡意軟體是由混亂所引起的」,主客顛倒,邏輯完全不通;
第 31 題
IV. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question.
【題組共用題幹】
When my son was very small, he would not sleep. Many times in order to console him, I would put him in bed with my husband and me. But this usually meant I didn’t sleep because he would kick and thrash.
I remember one night in particular I put him in bed with me and when he started to move around and whimper, I got very angry and gave him a slap on his diapered bottom.
I will never forget the look on his face when he turned to me with all the hurt an 18-month-old could muster and said, “Mommy, don’t hit me.” The way he said those words had such an effect on me that I promised myself that I would never, ever hit him again. But I didn’t know what to do instead.
With the California State Legislature considering a ruling against spanking, I was prompted to take a closer look at the issue of corporal punishment.
One survey conducted by Public Agenda, a non-partisan think tank, found many parents are seeking alternative methods to spanking to get their children to behave. Only 34 percent surveyed said they have been successful at teaching their children self-control.
Maybe this is because they don’t know how to model it. “Violent behavior is learned,” says Emily Friedan, Chief of the Division of Community Pediatricians of Western New York. “It can be prevented from the very beginning, and prevention must start with the adults who fill children’s lives.”
On spanking, Friedan’s advice is straightforward:
“Don’t discipline with physical punishment. Doing so teaches children that the people who love them are the ones most likely to hurt them, that physical force is justified, and that violence is an acceptable way of solving problems.”
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents develop methods other than spanking in response to undesired behavior, adding:
- Spanking is harmful emotionally to both parent and child.
- While stopping the behavior temporarily, it does not teach alternative behavior.
- It interferes with the development of trust, a sense of security, effective communication and the development of internal controls or self-discipline.
- It may cause resentment and harm the parent/child relationship.
What does the author imply when she quotes Emily Friedan as saying that “[v]iolent behavior is learned”?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「語意推論」與上下文定位。關鍵句為:
“Violent behavior is learned.”
「暴力行為是後天學習而來的。」
其中 learned 表示「經由環境、觀察與教養後天形成」,與 innate(天生的)、inherited(遺傳的)相對。文章接著說:
“It can be prevented from the very beginning, and prevention must start with the adults who fill children’s lives.”
「這種行為從一開始就可以被預防,而預防必須從陪伴孩子生活的成年人做起。」
這兩句共同表明:暴力不是不可改變的天性,而是可以透過適當教育與成人示範加以避免。
解題方法
先抓住 learned 的語意,再利用後一句 can be prevented 判斷作者的推論:
- 暴力行為是後天學來的。
- 後天學習而來的行為,能透過教育與環境調整加以避免。
- 文章主旨反對體罰,主張成人以非暴力方式教導兒童。
- 因此,作者引用這句話,是要說明暴力行為「可以避免、可以預防」。
題幹詢問的是 imply,即「暗示、意指」,不必逐字翻譯選項,而要判斷這句話在全文論述中的功能。
定位答案的原文
“Violent behavior is learned,” says Emily Friedan. “It can be prevented from the very beginning...”
翻譯為:
「暴力行為是後天學習而來的。」Emily Friedan 說。「這種行為從一開始就可以被預防……」
第二句直接補充第一句的含意,因此答案是 avoidable,即「可以避免的」。
關鍵單字與片語
- violent behavior:暴力行為
- be learned:被學會、後天形成
- innate:天生的、先天的
- inherited:遺傳的
- essential:必要的、不可或缺的
- prevent:預防、防止
- from the very beginning:從一開始
- model self-control:示範自我控制
- corporal punishment:體罰
第 32 題
【題組共用題幹】
When my son was very small, he would not sleep. Many times in order to console him, I would put him in bed with my husband and me. But this usually meant I didn’t sleep because he would kick and thrash.
I remember one night in particular I put him in bed with me and when he started to move around and whimper, I got very angry and gave him a slap on his diapered bottom.
I will never forget the look on his face when he turned to me with all the hurt an 18-month-old could muster and said, “Mommy, don’t hit me.” The way he said those words had such an effect on me that I promised myself that I would never, ever hit him again. But I didn’t know what to do instead.
With the California State Legislature considering a ruling against spanking, I was prompted to take a closer look at the issue of corporal punishment.
One survey conducted by Public Agenda, a non-partisan think tank, found many parents are seeking alternative methods to spanking to get their children to behave. Only 34 percent surveyed said they have been successful at teaching their children self-control.
Maybe this is because they don’t know how to model it. “Violent behavior is learned,” says Emily Friedan, Chief of the Division of Community Pediatricians of Western New York. “It can be prevented from the very beginning, and prevention must start with the adults who fill children’s lives.”
On spanking, Friedan’s advice is straightforward:
“Don’t discipline with physical punishment. Doing so teaches children that the people who love them are the ones most likely to hurt them, that physical force is justified, and that violence is an acceptable way of solving problems.”
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents develop methods other than spanking in response to undesired behavior, adding:
・Spanking is harmful emotionally to both parent and child.
・While stopping the behavior temporarily, it does not teach alternative behavior.
・It interferes with the development of trust, a sense of security, effective communication and the development of internal controls or self-discipline.
・It may cause resentment and harm the parent/child relationship.
“Think tank” is probably _________.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查上下文詞義推斷(Contextual Vocabulary / Idiom Comprehension)。考點在於片語 “think tank” 的定義,以及如何利用文章脈絡中的同位語與功能描述推斷其真實語意。
解題方法
- 文章定位與引文分析:
在文章第五段第一句:
"One survey conducted by Public Agenda, a non-partisan think tank, found many parents are seeking alternative methods to spanking to get their children to behave."
(由非黨派智庫「公共議程」所進行的一項調查發現,許多家長正在尋求體罰之外的替代方法來管教孩子的行為。)
- 語義推導:
- 句中逗號後的 “a non-partisan think tank” 是專有名詞 “Public Agenda” 的同位語。
- 此處描述該主體能夠「進行調查(conduct a survey)」並發表統計結果,這必須是由具備研究功能的人員群體或機構組織所執行。
- think tank 為固定名詞片語,字面直譯容易誤導為「裝著思想的槽罐」,但其在現代政治與學術英語中標準定義為**「智庫、智囊團、研究機構」,指專門從事特定政策、政治、商業或軍事問題研究與分析的專家組織(organization)**。因此符合 (A) an organization。
選項分析
- (A) an organization(機構/組織):正確。
“Think tank” 的標準英文釋義為 *“a group of experts who are brought together to develop ideas and think about ways to solve particular problems; a research institu
第 33 題
【題組共用題幹】
When my son was very small, he would not sleep. Many times in order to console him, I would put him in bed with my husband and me. But this usually meant I didn’t sleep because he would kick and thrash.
I remember one night in particular I put him in bed with me and when he started to move around and whimper, I got very angry and gave him a slap on his diapered bottom.
I will never forget the look on his face when he turned to me with all the hurt an 18-month-old could muster and said, “Mommy, don’t hit me.” The way he said those words had such an effect on me that I promised myself that I would never, ever hit him again. But I didn’t know what to do instead.
With the California State Legislature considering a ruling against spanking, I was prompted to take a closer look at the issue of corporal punishment.
One survey conducted by Public Agenda, a non-partisan think tank, found many parents are seeking alternative methods to spanking to get their children to behave. Only 34 percent surveyed said they have been successful at teaching their children self-control.
Maybe this is because they don’t know how to model it. “Violent behavior is learned,” says Emily Friedan, Chief of the Division of Community Pediatricians of Western New York. “It can be prevented from the very beginning, and prevention must start with the adults who fill children’s lives.”
On spanking, Friedan’s advice is straightforward:
“Don’t discipline with physical punishment. Doing so teaches children that the people who love them are the ones most likely to hurt them, that physical force is justified, and that violence is an acceptable way of solving problems.”
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents develop methods other than spanking in response to undesired behavior, adding:
・Spanking is harmful emotionally to both parent and child.
・While stopping the behavior temporarily, it does not teach alternative behavior.
・It interferes with the development of trust, a sense of security, effective communication and the development of internal controls or self-discipline.
・It may cause resentment and harm the parent/child relationship.
Which of the following terms is NOT used synonymously in the article?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查:
- 文章語境中的同義字判斷。
- 親職管教與身體懲罰相關字彙。
prompt在句中的詞性與語意。
文章主題是父母以「打」管教孩子,因此下列三字都與身體懲罰有關:
slap:掌摑、拍打spank:打屁股corporal punishment:體罰
prompt 則是「促使、引起、提示」,與身體懲罰無關。
解題方法
先找出各選項在文章中的實際用法,再判斷它們是否都指向「打孩子、身體懲罰」這個核心概念。
定位句為:
I was prompted to take a closer look at the issue of corporal punishment.
翻譯:
這促使我更仔細地探討體罰這個議題。
此處 prompted 是動詞 prompt 的過去分詞,意思是「促使、使某人開始做某事」,並不是「打」或「體罰」。
文章中另有:
I got very angry and gave him a slap on his diapered bottom.
翻譯:
我非常生氣,打了他包著尿布的屁股一巴掌。
以及:
Don’t discipline with physical punishment.
翻譯:
不要使用身體懲罰來管教孩子。
這些句子都明確圍繞「打孩子、體罰」的概念。
選項分析
(A) Slapping
slap 是「拍打、掌摑」,文章中的 gave him a slap on his diapered bottom 指「打孩子屁股一巴掌」。它是身體懲罰的一種具體方式,與 spanking、corporal punishment 在本文主題下具有同義或近義關係。
因此 (A) 不是答案。
(B) Spanking
spanking 是「打屁股」,文章直接提到:
With the California State Legislature considering a ruling against spanking...
翻譯:
加州州議會正在考慮制定反對打屁股的法規……
spanking 是一種典型的 corporal punishment,也與文中 slap 所代表的打孩子行為相關。
因此 (B) 不是答案。
第 34 題
【題組共用題幹】
When my son was very small, he would not sleep. Many times in order to console him, I would put him in bed with my husband and me. But this usually meant I didn’t sleep because he would kick and thrash.
I remember one night in particular I put him in bed with me and when he started to move around and whimper, I got very angry and gave him a slap on his diapered bottom.
I will never forget the look on his face when he turned to me with all the hurt an 18-month-old could muster and said, “Mommy, don’t hit me.” The way he said those words had such an effect on me that I promised myself that I would never, ever hit him again. But I didn’t know what to do instead.
With the California State Legislature considering a ruling against spanking, I was prompted to take a closer look at the issue of corporal punishment.
One survey conducted by Public Agenda, a non-partisan think tank, found many parents are seeking alternative methods to spanking to get their children to behave. Only 34 percent surveyed said they have been successful at teaching their children self-control.
Maybe this is because they don’t know how to model it. “Violent behavior is learned,” says Emily Friedan, Chief of the Division of Community Pediatricians of Western New York. “It can be prevented from the very beginning, and prevention must start with the adults who fill children’s lives.”
On spanking, Friedan’s advice is straightforward:
“Don’t discipline with physical punishment. Doing so teaches children that the people who love them are the ones most likely to hurt them, that physical force is justified, and that violence is an acceptable way of solving problems.”
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents develop methods other than spanking in response to undesired behavior, adding:
・Spanking is harmful emotionally to both parent and child.
・While stopping the behavior temporarily, it does not teach alternative behavior.
・It interferes with the development of trust, a sense of security, effective communication and the development of internal controls or self-discipline.
・It may cause resentment and harm the parent/child relationship.
Pediatrics is a branch of medicine that deals with the care and treatment of _________.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考「字根辨識+語境語意」。關鍵字是 pediatrics:
- pediatrics:小兒科、兒科
- pediatric:小兒科的、兒童醫學的
- 字根 ped- / paed- 與「兒童」有關
因此,pediatrics 是「處理兒童與未成年者照護及治療的醫學分科」。
句中 nonadults 指「非成年人」,也就是兒童與青少年,符合小兒科的服務對象。
解題方法
先抓句型:
Pediatrics is a branch of medicine that deals with the care and treatment of _________.
翻譯為:
小兒科是醫學的一個分支,處理 _________ 的照護與治療。
判斷空格需要填入「接受小兒科照護與治療的人」。文章前文反覆提到:
- my son:我的兒子
- an 18-month-old:一名十八個月大的幼兒
- children:兒童
- pediatricians:小兒科醫師
因此,空格應填表示「未成年者」的 nonadults。
選項分析
(A) pedestrians
- pedestrian 意為「行人」,指步行的人。
- pedestrians 是複數,意為「行人們」。
- 小兒科照顧的是兒童與未成年人,不是步行者,因此錯誤。
- 此選項利用拼字中相同的 ped- 製造干擾,但 pedestrian 與「行走」有關,並非「兒童醫學」。
(B) nonadults
- nonadult 由 non-(非)+adult(成年人)組成,意為「未成年人」。
- nonadults 為複數,與前面的 care and treatment of 搭配自然,表示「未成年人的照護與治療」。
- 小兒科主要服務兒童及青少年,故本選項正確。
(C) dyslexics
- dyslexic 意為「患有閱讀障礙的」,dyslexics 指「閱讀障礙者」。
- 閱讀障礙者只是特定族群,不能代表小兒科全部照護對象。
- 小兒科不僅處理閱讀障礙,也處理兒童的生長發育、疾病、預防保健等,因此錯誤。
(D) dementia
- dementia 意為「失智症」,是疾病名稱,屬於不可數名詞。
- 本句的 care and treatment of 後面需要接「人」或「族群」;dementia 是疾病,不是接受治療的人,語意與文法都不合。
第 35 題
【題組共用題幹】
When my son was very small, he would not sleep. Many times in order to console him, I would put him in bed with my husband and me. But this usually meant I didn’t sleep because he would kick and thrash.
I remember one night in particular I put him in bed with me and when he started to move around and whimper, I got very angry and gave him a slap on his diapered bottom.
I will never forget the look on his face when he turned to me with all the hurt an 18-month-old could muster and said, “Mommy, don’t hit me.” The way he said those words had such an effect on me that I promised myself that I would never, ever hit him again. But I didn’t know what to do instead.
With the California State Legislature considering a ruling against spanking, I was prompted to take a closer look at the issue of corporal punishment.
One survey conducted by Public Agenda, a non-partisan think tank, found many parents are seeking alternative methods to spanking to get their children to behave. Only 34 percent surveyed said they have been successful at teaching their children self-control.
Maybe this is because they don’t know how to model it. “Violent behavior is learned,” says Emily Friedan, Chief of the Division of Community Pediatricians of Western New York. “It can be prevented from the very beginning, and prevention must start with the adults who fill children’s lives.”
On spanking, Friedan’s advice is straightforward:
“Don’t discipline with physical punishment. Doing so teaches children that the people who love them are the ones most likely to hurt them, that physical force is justified, and that violence is an acceptable way of solving problems.”
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents develop methods other than spanking in response to undesired behavior, adding:
・Spanking is harmful emotionally to both parent and child.
・While stopping the behavior temporarily, it does not teach alternative behavior.
・It interferes with the development of trust, a sense of security, effective communication and the development of internal controls or self-discipline.
・It may cause resentment and harm the parent/child relationship.
According to the doctor, physical punishment is likely to give the child the following messages except that _________.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題為閱讀理解與語意判斷題,關鍵在於理解題幹中的 except that:
physical punishment is likely to give the child the following messages except that...
意思是:「身體懲罰很可能傳達給孩子下列哪些訊息,但不包括哪一項?」
因此,必須找出文章沒有支持的一項,而不是找出正確敘述。
文章主旨是反對打小孩,指出體罰會使孩子學到:
- 愛他們的人也最可能傷害他們。
- 使用身體暴力是合理的。
- 暴力是解決問題的可接受方式。
解題方法
直接定位文章中醫師 Friedan 的說法:
“Doing so teaches children that the people who love them are the ones most likely to hurt them, that physical force is justified, and that violence is an acceptable way of solving problems.”
翻譯:
「這樣做會教導孩子:愛他們的人最可能傷害他們;使用身體力量是合理的;暴力是解決問題時可以接受的方法。」
將這三個訊息與選項逐一比對:
- 「physical force is justified」對應使用身體力量是合理的。
- 「violence is an acceptable way of solving problems」對應暴力是可接受的問題解決方式。
- 「the people who love them are the ones most likely to hurt them」對應愛他們的人最可能傷害他們。
文章完全沒有提到「暴力是最後手段」。因此,答案為 (C)。
選項分析
(A) physical force is an acceptable form of problem solution
意思是:「身體力量是可接受的問題解決方式。」
文章明確指出:
“physical force is justified”
以及:
“violence is an acceptable way of solving problems.”
這表示孩子可能會學到,使用身體暴力來解決問題是合理且可接受的。因此此項是文章提到的訊息,不是答案。
(B) violence is sometimes necessary
意思是:「暴力有時是必要的。」
文章雖未逐字使用 necessary,但明確表示:
“physical force is justified”
即「身體力量是合理的」。若暴力被認為合理,孩子便可能形成「某些情況下使用暴力是正當的、必要的」這種觀念。
此外,文章也說:
“violence is an acceptable way of solving problems.”
因此,(B) 可視為文章所描述的體罰負面影響,並非例外選項。
第 36 題
【題組共用題幹】
Depression is a mental illness in which a person experiences deep sadness and diminished interest in nearly all activities. People also use the term “depression” to describe a low mood, loneliness or blues that everyone feels from time to time. In contrast to normal sadness, severe depression, also called “major depression”, can dramatically impair a person’s ability to function in social situations and at work. People with major depression often have feelings of worthlessness, helplessness and hopelessness, accompanied by low self-esteem and inappropriate guilt as well as thoughts of committing suicide. Although it may appear anytime from childhood to old age, depression usually begins during a person’s 20s or 30s. The illness may come on slowly and then deepen gradually over months or years. On the other hand, it may erupt suddenly in a few weeks or days. A person who develops severe depression may appear extremely anxious, frightened and unbalanced. Insomnia is common among the depressed people. Appetite often decreases, resulting in weight loss. Other symptoms of depression include poor concentration and memory. The illness affects all people, regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic standing. However, women are two or three times more likely than men to suffer from depression. Experts disagree on the reason for this difference. Some cite differences in hormones, and others point to the stress caused by the society’s expectations of women.
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of depression?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「同義轉換」與語意判斷。題目要求找出「不是憂鬱症症狀」的選項,因此必須將選項與文章中描述的症狀逐一比對。
文章提到的憂鬱症相關症狀包括:
- 深度悲傷、對活動失去興趣
- 無價值感、無助感、絕望感
- 低自尊、不適當的罪惡感
- 自殺念頭
- 焦慮、恐懼、情緒失衡
- 失眠
- 食慾下降、體重減輕
- 注意力與記憶力不佳
解題方法
題幹問:
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of depression?
下列何者不是憂鬱症的症狀?
解題關鍵是尋找文章中的同義字或相反概念:
- Despair 對應文章中的 hopelessness。
- Sleep disorder 對應文章中的 insomnia。
- Self-blame 可對應文章中的 inappropriate guilt。
- Optimism 與文章所述的 hopelessness 意義相反,並非憂鬱症症狀。
因此,只有 Optimism 不符合文章內容。
定位答案的原文
文章指出:
People with major depression often have feelings of worthlessness, helplessness and hopelessness, accompanied by low self-esteem and inappropriate guilt...
重度憂鬱症患者經常有無價值感、無助感與絕望感,並伴隨低自尊與不適當的罪惡感……
其中 hopelessness 是「絕望、沒有希望」,與 optimism「樂觀、抱持希望」的語意相反。
文章另指出:
第 37 題
【題組共用題幹】
Depression is a mental illness in which a person experiences deep sadness and diminished interest in nearly all activities. People also use the term “depression” to describe a low mood, loneliness or blues that everyone feels from time to time. In contrast to normal sadness, severe depression, also called “major depression”, can dramatically impair a person’s ability to function in social situations and at work. People with major depression often have feelings of worthlessness, helplessness and hopelessness, accompanied by low self-esteem and inappropriate guilt as well as thoughts of committing suicide. Although it may appear anytime from childhood to old age, depression usually begins during a person’s 20s or 30s. The illness may come on slowly and then deepen gradually over months or years. On the other hand, it may erupt suddenly in a few weeks or days. A person who develops severe depression may appear extremely anxious, frightened and unbalanced. Insomnia is common among the depressed people. Appetite often decreases, resulting in weight loss. Other symptoms of depression include poor concentration and memory. The illness affects all people, regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic standing. However, women are two or three times more likely than men to suffer from depression. Experts disagree on the reason for this difference. Some cite differences in hormones, and others point to the stress caused by the society’s expectations of women.
Which of the following statements about depression is NOT true?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題是英文閱讀理解,考查:
- 細節辨識:判斷選項是否符合文章內容。
- 否定問句:題目問的是 NOT true,必須找出「與文章不符」的敘述。
- 同義改寫:選項未必照抄原文,需辨認同義表達。
文章重點如下:
- 重度憂鬱症會使患者對原本有興趣的活動失去興趣。
- 患者可能產生自殺念頭。
- 憂鬱症常伴隨食慾下降與體重減輕。
- 憂鬱症會影響所有人,不分性別、種族、族群或社經地位。
- 女性罹患憂鬱症的機率高於男性。
解題方法
題目問:
Which of the following statements about depression is NOT true?
下列關於憂鬱症的敘述何者不正確?
解題時先將每個選項改寫成文章中的核心資訊,再逐一比對。由於題目問 NOT true,符合文章的選項是正確敘述,只有與文章相違者才是答案。
定位文章中的關鍵句:
The illness affects all people, regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic standing.
意思是:
這種疾病會影響所有人,不分性別、種族、族群或社經地位。
因此,文章明確表示社經地位不會排除任何人罹患憂鬱症,也沒有說窮人比富人更容易罹患。選項 A 的內容與文章不符。
選項分析
(A) The poor are more likely to suffer from depression than the wealthy.
窮人比有錢人更容易罹患憂鬱症。
此敘述不正確。文章指出:
The illness affects all people, regardless of ... socioeconomic standing.
其中:
- regardless of:不論、不管
- socioeconomic standing:社經地位
- the poor:窮人
- the wealthy:富人、有錢人
- be likely to suffer from:很容易罹患、較有機會遭受
文章強調憂鬱症影響所有人,不因社經地位而有所區別,因此不能由文章推論出窮人比富人更容易罹患憂鬱症。故 A 為答案。
(B) People with major depression may harm themselves.
重度憂鬱症患者可能傷害自己。
此敘述正確。文章提到:
... thoughts of committing suicide.
意思是:
……產生自殺的念頭。
- major depression:重度憂鬱症
- commit suicide:自殺
- harm oneself:傷害自己
有自殺念頭代表患者有自我傷害的風險,因此 B 是根據原文所作的合理同義改寫。
(C) People with major depression may lose interest in normally enjoyable activities.
重度憂鬱症患者可能對平常令人愉快的活動失去興趣。
此敘述正確。文章開頭指出:
... a person experiences deep sadness and diminished interest in nearly all activities.
意思是:
……一個人會經歷深度悲傷,並且對幾乎所有活動失去興趣。
- diminished interest:降低的興趣、興趣減退
- nearly all activities:幾乎所有活動
- normally enjoyable activities:平常令人愉快的活動
第 38 題
【題組共用題幹】
Depression is a mental illness in which a person experiences deep sadness and diminished interest in nearly all activities. People also use the term “depression” to describe a low mood, loneliness or blues that everyone feels from time to time. In contrast to normal sadness, severe depression, also called “major depression”, can dramatically impair a person’s ability to function in social situations and at work. People with major depression often have feelings of worthlessness, helplessness and hopelessness, accompanied by low self-esteem and inappropriate guilt as well as thoughts of committing suicide. Although it may appear anytime from childhood to old age, depression usually begins during a person’s 20s or 30s. The illness may come on slowly and then deepen gradually over months or years. On the other hand, it may erupt suddenly in a few weeks or days. A person who develops severe depression may appear extremely anxious, frightened and unbalanced. Insomnia is common among the depressed people. Appetite often decreases, resulting in weight loss. Other symptoms of depression include poor concentration and memory. The illness affects all people, regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic standing. However, women are two or three times more likely than men to suffer from depression. Experts disagree on the reason for this difference. Some cite differences in hormones, and others point to the stress caused by the society’s expectations of women.
The term “blues” in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查字義判讀與上下文語意。blues 在本段中不是指音樂或顏色,而是指每個人偶爾都會經歷的「低落情緒、憂鬱心情」。
關鍵句為:
People also use the term “depression” to describe a low mood, loneliness or blues that everyone feels from time to time.
翻譯:
人們也使用「depression」一詞來描述每個人偶爾都會感受到的低落情緒、孤獨感或憂鬱心情。
其中,a low mood、loneliness 與 blues 為同義或近義並列,因此可由前後文判斷 blues 是「情緒低落、憂鬱」之意。
解題方法
先觀察 blues 所在的句型:
a low mood, loneliness or blues
三者由逗號及對等連接詞 or 串聯,屬於同類概念的並列。前兩項分別是:
a low mood:低落的情緒loneliness:孤獨感
因此第三項 blues 也應該表示一種負面情緒,而非具體的物品、音樂類型或顏色。
此外,片語 feel the blues、have the blues 在英文中常表示「感到憂鬱、情緒低落」。本題選項中最符合的就是 downswings in mood,即「情緒低潮」。
關鍵單字與片語
depression:憂鬱症;沮喪、憂鬱mental illness:心理疾病、精神疾病deep sadness:深度悲傷diminished interest:降低的興趣、興趣減退low mood:低落情緒loneliness:孤獨感blues:憂鬱、低潮情緒from time to time:偶爾、不時in contrast to:與……相比;相對於……major depression:重度憂鬱症worthlessness:無價值感helplessness:無助感hopelessness:絕望感low self-esteem:低自尊insomnia:失眠appetite:食慾
第 39 題
【題組共用題幹】
Depression is a mental illness in which a person experiences deep sadness and diminished interest in nearly all activities. People also use the term “depression” to describe a low mood, loneliness or blues that everyone feels from time to time. In contrast to normal sadness, severe depression, also called “major depression”, can dramatically impair a person’s ability to function in social situations and at work. People with major depression often have feelings of worthlessness, helplessness and hopelessness, accompanied by low self-esteem and inappropriate guilt as well as thoughts of committing suicide. Although it may appear anytime from childhood to old age, depression usually begins during a person’s 20s or 30s. The illness may come on slowly and then deepen gradually over months or years. On the other hand, it may erupt suddenly in a few weeks or days. A person who develops severe depression may appear extremely anxious, frightened and unbalanced. Insomnia is common among the depressed people. Appetite often decreases, resulting in weight loss. Other symptoms of depression include poor concentration and memory. The illness affects all people, regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic standing. However, women are two or three times more likely than men to suffer from depression. Experts disagree on the reason for this difference. Some cite differences in hormones, and others point to the stress caused by the society’s expectations of women.
Which of the following statements about depression is true?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題是英文閱讀理解,重點在於:
- 找出文章明確陳述的事實。
- 辨認比較句型: is more likely than to V,意為「A 比 B 更有可能……」。
- 判斷選項是否與文章內容相符,特別注意免疫、年齡比較及「無效」等過度推論。
解題方法
先尋找文章中與各選項相關的關鍵資訊。本文最後一段直接比較男性與女性罹患憂鬱症的機率:
“However, women are two or three times more likely than men to suffer from depression.”
翻譯為:「然而,女性罹患憂鬱症的機率是男性的兩倍或三倍。」
這句明確表示女性比男性更容易罹患憂鬱症,因此正確選項為 D。
關鍵單字與片語
- depression:憂鬱症;沮喪
- mental illness:精神疾病
- deep sadness:深度悲傷
- diminished interest:降低的興趣
- major depression:重度憂鬱症
- impair:損害、削弱
- worthlessness:毫無價值感
- helplessness:無助感
- hopelessness:絕望感
- low self-esteem:低自尊
- inappropriate guilt:不適當的罪惡感
- commit suicide:自殺
- insomnia:失眠
- appetite:食慾
- concentration:專注力
- regardless of:不論、不管
- socioeconomic standing:社會經濟地位
- be likely to V:很可能做……
- be more likely than:比……更有可能……
文法與語意重點
句型:
women are two or three times more likely than men to suffer from depression
結構為:
其中:
- women 是主詞。
- are 是 be 動詞。
- two or three times more likely than men 表示「比男性高兩到三倍的可能性」。
- to suffer from depression 表示「罹患憂鬱症」。
選項 D 的原文:
“Women suffer from depression more likely than men.”
嚴格而言,這個句子的文法不完整。較標準的寫法應為:
第 40 題
【題組共用題幹】
Depression is a mental illness in which a person experiences deep sadness and diminished interest in nearly all activities. People also use the term “depression” to describe a low mood, loneliness or blues that everyone feels from time to time. In contrast to normal sadness, severe depression, also called “major depression”, can dramatically impair a person’s ability to function in social situations and at work. People with major depression often have feelings of worthlessness, helplessness and hopelessness, accompanied by low self-esteem and inappropriate guilt as well as thoughts of committing suicide. Although it may appear anytime from childhood to old age, depression usually begins during a person’s 20s or 30s. The illness may come on slowly and then deepen gradually over months or years. On the other hand, it may erupt suddenly in a few weeks or days. A person who develops severe depression may appear extremely anxious, frightened and unbalanced. Insomnia is common among the depressed people. Appetite often decreases, resulting in weight loss. Other symptoms of depression include poor concentration and memory. The illness affects all people, regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic standing. However, women are two or three times more likely than men to suffer from depression. Experts disagree on the reason for this difference. Some cite differences in hormones, and others point to the stress caused by the society’s expectations of women.
Where would you most likely find an article like this?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題屬於閱讀測驗的「文章出處/文體類型判斷題」(Source / Genre Identification)。解題關鍵在於掌握整篇文章的主題範疇(Subject Matter)與寫作目的(Purpose)。文章核心圍繞在「憂鬱症(Depression)」的醫學與精神心理定義、主要臨床症狀(情緒、認知與行為障礙)、發病模式、性別比例及成因假說,屬於典型的精神醫學與臨床心理學討論範疇。
解題方法
- 抓取文章主題與核心詞彙:
- 第一句破題點明主旨:
"Depression is a mental illness in which a person experiences deep sadness and diminished interest in nearly all activities."
(憂鬱症是一種精神疾病,患者會經歷深層的悲傷,並對幾乎所有活動失去興趣。)
- 全文深入探討精神層面的症狀:major depression(重度憂鬱症)、feelings of worthlessness, helplessness and hopelessness(無價值感、無助感與絕望感)、inappropriate guilt(不恰當的罪惡感)、suicide(自殺念頭)、anxious, frightened and unbalanced(極度焦慮、恐懼與情緒失衡)。
- 對應學科範疇:
探討心理與情緒障礙(mood disorders)、精神疾病成因與症狀的學科,正是**心理學(Psychology)**或精神醫學。因此,最可能收錄此類文章的書籍為心理學教科書。
選項分析
-
(A) An anatomy textbook(解剖學教科書):【錯誤】
Anatomy(解剖學)主要研究生物體各器官、組織與骨骼的「構造與形態」(morphology and physical structures),不會著重探討心理情緒障礙、心理認知歷程(如無價值感、絕望感)或精神病理學。 -
(B) A physics textbook(物理學教科書):【錯誤】