義守大學 99 年 《英文》
第 1 題2 分
Peanut allergy is not common, but it can be ____.
(A) dying
(B) dead
(C) fatal
(D) faceless
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核心觀念
本題考「情態助動詞 + be 動詞 + 形容詞」的句型,以及形容詞的語意判斷。
句型為:
fatal 是形容詞,意為「致命的」,表示某種情況可能導致死亡。花生過敏雖然不常見,但嚴重時可能引發過敏性休克,因而危及生命。
解題方法
題幹中的關鍵結構是:
Peanut allergy is not common, but it can be ____.
翻譯為:
花生過敏並不常見,但可能是致命的。
空格位於 can be 之後,需填入形容詞。四個選項中,只有 fatal 符合「可能致命」的語意,因此選(C)。
選項分析
- (A) dying
dying 意為「垂死的、正在死亡的」,通常形容人或動物正處於死亡過程,例如 a dying man。花生過敏本身不是「正在死亡」,此處應表達的是「可能造成死亡」,因此不合語意。
- (B) dead
dead 意為「死亡的、死去的」。花生過敏是一種疾病或身體反應,不會被描述為「死的」;題意也不是說過敏已經造成死亡,因此不適合。
第 2 題2 分
A major factor in the growth of tumors is environmental carcinogens, which can lead to various conditions.
(A) malignant
(B) ravening
(C) impeccable
(D) puerile
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「形容詞修飾名詞」。
句中 conditions(病況、疾病狀態)前需要一個能描述腫瘤或疾病惡性程度的形容詞。醫學語境中,malignant 表示「惡性的」,與 tumors(腫瘤)及 carcinogens(致癌物)具有明確的語意關聯。
關鍵片語:
a major factor in ...:……的一項主要因素the growth of tumors:腫瘤的生長environmental carcinogens:環境致癌物lead to ...:導致……various malignant conditions:各種惡性疾病狀態malignant tumor:惡性腫瘤
解題方法
先判斷詞性。四個選項皆為形容詞,因此都能在形式上修飾 conditions;接著必須依據醫學語意選字。
題幹定位答案的關鍵句為:
A major factor in the growth of tumors is environmental carcinogens, which can lead to various malignant conditions.
翻譯:
腫瘤生長的一項主要因素是環境致癌物,而環境致癌物可能導致各種惡性疾病狀態。
carcinogens 本身就是「會引發癌症的物質」,因此其所導致的疾病狀態應與癌症、惡性病變有關,選用 malignant 最符合上下文。
選項分析
(A) malignant:惡性的、惡性腫瘤的。
可形成 malignant conditions,表示「惡性疾病狀態」,與 tumors、carcinogens 及癌症相關語境完全吻合,為正確答案。
第 3 題2 分
Although salmon may travel hundreds of miles from where they were spawned, they will ____ return there to lay eggs.
(A) intermittently
(B) eventually
(C) periodically
(D) spontaneously
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核心觀念
本題考「副詞的語意辨析」,四個選項在文法上都可放在 will 與 return 之間,但只有一個符合鮭魚洄游的語境。
句中描述鮭魚雖然離開出生地數百英里,經過一段時間後仍會回到原處產卵,因此需要表示「最後、終究」的副詞。
關鍵句定位與翻譯
Although salmon may travel hundreds of miles from where they were spawned, they will eventually return there to lay eggs.
翻譯:
雖然鮭魚可能從出生地游到數百英里之外,但牠們最後仍會回到那裡產卵。
其中:
Although:雖然,引導讓步副詞子句。salmon:鮭魚;單複數同形。may travel:可能旅行、游行一段距離。where they were spawned:牠們出生、孵化的地方。return there:回到那裡;there指前面的出生地。to lay eggs:產卵。eventually:最後、終究,經過一段時間後終於發生。
解題方法
先判斷句意的時間發展:
- 鮭魚從出生地游到很遠的地方。
- 經過一段時間。
- 牠們仍會回到出生地產卵。
因此空格需要表達「歷經一段時間後,最終回到原處」的概念,答案是 eventually。
句型可整理為:
will eventually return
= 最後將會回來
= 終究會返回
選項分析
(A) intermittently
intermittently 意為「間歇地、斷斷續續地」。
它強調某個動作中間有停頓,時而發生、時而停止,例如:
- The machine works intermittently.
這部機器斷斷續續地運作。
第 4 題2 分
Although pure diamond is colorless and ____, when contaminated with other material it may appear in various colors.
(A) transient
(B) transitional
(C) transparent
(D) transitive
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核心觀念
本題測驗「形近字詞義辨析(Confusing Words)」與「句意邏輯對比(Contrast Context)」。
題幹為讓步子句(Although...)與主要子句構成的對比句型,考生需掌握:
- 對比邏輯:由連接詞
Although(雖然)引導的對比結構。 - 同位語意搭配:對等連接詞
and兩側形容詞(colorless and ____)之語意一致性。 - 字根字首詞彙辨析:分辨以
trans-(穿過、跨越、轉變)為首的四個常見形近形容詞。
解題方法
- 句意定位與翻譯:
- 原文:Although pure diamond is colorless and ____, when contaminated with other material it may appear in various colors.
- 中文翻譯:雖然純淨的鑽石是無色且透明的,但若混入其他雜質,它就可能呈現出各種顏色。
- 邏輯結構推導:
- 連接詞
Although表相反/讓步對比:前段描述「純鑽石(pure diamond)」的物理特質;後段描述「受其他物質混雜/污染(contaminated with other material)」後的變化。 - 後段提到「呈現各種顏色(appear in various colors)」,與前段的「無色(colorless)」形成鮮明對照。
- 前段內部以對等連接詞
and連接colorless(無色的)與空格,空格必須填入描述「純鑽石原本物理外觀特徵」的形容詞,與「無色」相呼應,語意最貼切者即為「透明的(transparent)」。
選項分析
- (A) transient
- 詞性與詞義:形容詞,意為「短暫的、轉瞬即逝的;過客的」。
- 錯誤原因:形容時間短暫(同義詞:fleeting, ephemeral, temporary),無法用來修飾鑽石的物理外觀或光學性質,語意不合。
- (B) transitional
第 5 題2 分
Our major energy sources today are coal, gas and oil, but we expect that these will run out next century and so it is vital that we develop ____ sources.
(A) alternative
(B) inferential
(C) contextual
(D) progressive
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核心觀念
本題測驗「字彙語意理解」與「固定搭配詞(Collocation)」。核心在於掌握名詞詞組 alternative energy / alternative sources(替代能源)的特定用法,以及在對比因果語境中精準辨析形容詞語意。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹定位:
"Our major energy sources today are coal, gas and oil, but we expect that these will run out next century and so it is vital that we develop ____ sources."參考翻譯:
「我們今日主要的能源來源是煤、天然氣和石油,但我們預期這些能源在下個世紀將會耗盡,因此開發替代來源至關重要。」
關鍵單字與片語解析:
- major energy sources(n. phr.):主要能源來源
- coal, gas and oil(n.):煤炭、天然氣與石油(統稱為傳統化石燃料 fossil fuels)
- run out(v. phr.):用盡、耗盡(此處作不及物動詞用法)
- vital(adj.):極其重要的、不可或缺的(後接 that 子句,動詞使用原形或省略 should,即虛擬語氣)
- alternative sources / alternative energy(n. phr.):替代來源/替代能源(如太陽能、風能等非化石能源)
解題方法
- 語意邏輯推導(因果與轉折對比):
句型以連接詞 but 和 so 引導語意進展:現有的主要能源(煤、天然氣、石油)即將耗盡(run out) 造成面臨缺能的危機 因此(so)急需開發「非現有形式、能取而代之」的新能源來源。 - 搭配詞檢驗:
在能源與環保議題中,相對於消耗性化石燃料,其他可取代的能源固定稱為 alternative sources (of energy)。
第 6 題2 分
We didn’t enjoy that part of the tour because we had to constantly ____ the local vendors. They just wouldn’t leave us alone.
(A) spell out
(B) rev up
(C) take to
(D) fend off
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核心觀念
本題考查常見片語的語意與搭配。句意描述旅途中,當地攤販不斷糾纏遊客、拒絕離開,因此需要「抵擋、避開」他們。
關鍵句為:
We had to constantly ____ the local vendors.
我們必須不斷地__當地的攤販。
後句:
They just wouldn’t leave us alone.
他們就是不肯讓我們安靜、不肯放過我們。
由「不斷糾纏」及「不讓我們獨處」可判斷,空格應填表示「抵擋、擊退、避開」的片語。
解題方法
先抓住語意線索:
constantly:不斷地、持續地the local vendors:當地攤販wouldn’t leave us alone:不肯放過我們、持續糾纏我們
因此句意是「我們必須不斷抵擋當地攤販」。fend off 的意思正是「抵擋、避開、擊退」,可用於抵擋某人或某種攻勢。
完整句子為:
We didn’t enjoy that part of the tour because we had to constantly fend off the local vendors.
翻譯:
我們不喜歡旅程中的那一段,因為我們必須不斷地抵擋當地攤販。他們就是不肯放過我們。
文法上,had to 後面接原形動詞,因此四個選項在形式上皆可接入;真正的判斷關鍵在於片語語意是否符合上下文。
選項分析
(A) spell out
spell out 意為「拼出;詳細解釋、說明」。
例如:
Please spell out your name.
請把你的名字一個字母一個字母拼出來。
若填入句中,會變成「我們必須不斷詳細說明當地攤販」,語意不通,也無法呼應攤販不肯離開的情境。故錯誤。
(B) rev up
第 7 題2 分
On July 11, 2010, Easter Island was suddenly ____ in darkness as the narrow path of a solar eclipse passed overhead.
(A) flamed
(B) quivered
(C) cloaked
(D) incurred
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核心觀念
本題考查「字義辨析」與固定搭配。句型為:
Easter Island was suddenly cloaked in darkness.
其中 cloak A in B 表示「以 B 覆蓋 A;使 A 籠罩在 B 中」。在本句中使用被動語態:
- 主動:A solar eclipse cloaked Easter Island in darkness.
- 被動:Easter Island was cloaked in darkness.
太陽沿著狹窄路徑通過復蓋該地區,使復活節島突然陷入黑暗,因此應選具有「籠罩、覆蓋」含義的 cloaked。
解題方法
先觀察空格後的介系詞片語 in darkness。能與 in darkness 自然搭配,且符合日食造成「陷入黑暗」語意的動詞,應具有「覆蓋、籠罩」的意思。
題幹中的定位句為:
On July 11, 2010, Easter Island was suddenly ____ in darkness as the narrow path of a solar eclipse passed overhead.
翻譯:
2010 年 7 月 11 日,當日食的狹窄路徑從上空經過時,復活節島突然籠罩在黑暗之中。
句中的 was suddenly ____ 顯示空格應填過去分詞,形成被動語態;四個選項皆為過去式或過去分詞形式,但只有 cloaked 同時符合文法、語意與搭配。
選項分析
- (A) flamed
flame 作動詞可表示「燃燒;用火焰照亮」。flamed in darkness 意思近似「在黑暗中燃燒」,與日食使島嶼陷入黑暗的語境相反,且不符合自然的英文搭配。
- (B) quivered
第 8 題2 分
The recent corporate accounting scandals have threatened an economy struggling to recover from ____.
(A) recession
(B) retreat
(C) recalling
(D) resurgence
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與「介系詞片語的語意判斷」。
題幹句型為:
The recent corporate accounting scandals have threatened an economy struggling to recover from ____.
其中:
recover from + 名詞:從……中復原、恢復struggle to + 原形動詞:努力做……an economy struggling to recover from ...:一個正努力從……中復原的經濟體
句意指出:近期的企業會計醜聞,威脅到一個正努力從某種經濟困境中復甦的經濟體。最符合此語意的名詞是 recession「經濟衰退」。
解題方法
先觀察空格前的搭配:
recover from ____
from 後面需要接名詞或名詞片語。四個選項在詞性上大多可作名詞,但必須進一步依照「經濟復甦」的語境判斷。
題幹明確提到:
an economy struggling to recover from recession
一個正努力從經濟衰退中復甦的經濟體
recover from recession 是自然且固定的語意搭配,表示「從經濟衰退中復甦」。
關鍵單字與片語
recent:最近的corporate:企業的、公司的accounting:會計的scandal:醜聞threaten:威脅economy:經濟、經濟體struggle to recover:努力復原、艱難復甦recession:經濟衰退、不景氣retreat:撤退;退卻recalling:回想、召回;recall的現在分詞resurgence:復甦、再起、重新興盛
題幹定位與翻譯
定位答案的關鍵句是:
an economy struggling to recover from ____.
翻譯為:
一個正努力從__中復甦的經濟體。
企業會計醜聞會進一步打擊經濟,而經濟正在努力恢復的狀態應是「經濟衰退」,因此空格填入 recession 最合理。
選項分析
第 9 題2 分
We’ll take good care and keep what you’ve told us strictly ____.
(A) conditional
(B) confidential
(C) conventional
(D) continental
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 字義辨析:四個選項皆為形容詞,但意思完全不同。
- 固定搭配與語意判斷:
keep something strictly confidential是常見搭配,表示「對某事嚴格保密」。 - 句型辨識:
keep + 受詞 + 形容詞,表示「使/維持某物處於某種狀態」。
題幹中的 what you’ve told us 是名詞子句,作為 keep 的受詞;空格則填補受詞的狀態。
解題方法
題幹原句為:
We’ll take good care and keep what you’ve told us strictly ____.
翻譯:
我們會妥善處理,並對你告訴我們的事情嚴格保密。
句中 strictly 是副詞,表示「嚴格地」,通常用來修飾表示保密狀態的形容詞 confidential。完整搭配為:
keep something strictly confidential
對某事嚴格保密
句型結構如下:
keep + what you’ve told us + strictly confidential
其中:
keep:使……維持某種狀態what you’ve told us:你告訴我們的事情strictly confidential:嚴格保密的
因此空格應填入 confidential。
選項分析
(A) conditional
conditional 意為「有條件的、取決於條件的」。
例如:
The offer is conditional on your acceptance.
這項提議以你的接受為條件。
keep something strictly conditional 並非本題適當搭配,也不符合「對談話內容保密」的語意。題幹需要的是「機密的、保密的」之意,因此錯誤。
(B) confidential
confidential 意為「機密的、秘密的、保密的」。
keep something confidential 表示「對某事保密」;加上 strictly 後,形成:
第 10 題2 分
If you hear or learn something on the ____, you hear it or learn it in casual conversation with other people.
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核心觀念
本題考查英語慣用語與語意判斷,關鍵片語是:
- on the grapevine:透過閒談、傳聞得知;從小道消息得知
- hear:聽到;得知
- learn:獲悉;學到
- casual conversation:非正式談話、閒聊
題幹中的定義是「在與他人的閒談中聽到或得知某件事」,對應的標準慣用語是 hear something on the grapevine。
題幹定位與翻譯
If you hear or learn something on the ____, you hear it or learn it in casual conversation with other people.
翻譯:
如果你在葡萄藤上聽到或得知某件事,意思是你在與他人的非正式交談中聽到或得知這件事。
其中 on the grapevine 並非指真的站在葡萄藤上,而是英語慣用語,表示「從閒聊或傳聞中得知」。
解題方法
先判斷空格所需的詞性與語意。句型為:
hear or learn something on the + 名詞
空格應填入能與 on the 搭配,並形成固定慣用語的名詞。
英語中固定說法為:
hear something on the grapevine
例如:
I heard on the grapevine that the company would move its office.
我從小道消息聽說那家公司要搬遷辦公室。
因此,依標準英語慣用語判斷,最符合題幹定義的詞是 grapevine。
選項分析
(A) ivy vine
ivy vine 指「常春藤藤蔓」,屬於植物名稱或字面描述,並不是表示「從閒談中得知消息」的英語慣用語。
hear something on the ivy vine
不是標準英語搭配,因此錯誤。
第 11 題2 分
If I had had time, I ____ TV last night.
(A) watched
(B) will watch
(C) would watch
(D) would have watched
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核心觀念:第三類條件句
本題考「與過去事實相反」的假設語氣,即第三類條件句(third conditional)。
基本句型為:
此句型表示:過去沒有發生的條件,以及對過去結果的假設。
題幹中的:
If I had had time, I ____ TV last night.
如果我當時有時間,我昨晚就會看電視。
「last night」明確指出時間在過去;「had had time」表示事實上當時沒有時間。因此主句必須使用:
解題方法
先判斷條件子句:
If I had had time
其中第一個 had 是過去完成式的助動詞,第二個 had 是動詞 have 的過去分詞,構成:
had had time = 當時有時間
條件子句使用過去完成式,代表與過去事實相反的假設。主句應搭配:
would have + 過去分詞
動詞 watch 的過去分詞仍為 watched,所以完整句子為:
If I had had time, I would have watched TV last night.
如果我當時有時間,我昨晚就會看電視。
關鍵單字與片語
- have time:有時間
- watch TV:看電視
- last night:昨晚
- had had:過去完成式,表示「當時曾有」
- would have watched:本來會看、就會看
選項分析
(A) watched
第 12 題2 分
Knowing several ____ helpful if you work for an international corporation.
(A) languages are
(B) language is
(C) languages is
(D) language are
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核心觀念
本題考「動名詞片語作主詞」與「數量詞 several 後接可數名詞複數」兩個文法觀念。
題幹:
Knowing several ____ helpful if you work for an international corporation.
如果你在跨國企業工作,懂幾種語言會很有幫助。
句首的 Knowing several languages 是動名詞片語,整體作主詞。動名詞片語視為單數,因此後面的 be 動詞要用 is:
其中:
- know:知道;懂得
- knowing:懂得……;了解……
- several:幾個;數個,後接可數名詞複數
- language:語言
- helpful:有幫助的
- work for:為……工作
- international corporation:跨國企業
解題方法
先找句子的真正主詞。句首的 Knowing 是動名詞,後面接受詞 several languages,形成完整的動名詞片語:
Knowing several languages
懂得幾種語言
這個片語不是單純的名詞 languages 作主詞,而是整個「懂得幾種語言這件事」作主詞。整體概念為單數,所以須搭配 is。
再判斷空格中的名詞。several 表示「數個」,只能修飾可數名詞複數,因此應填 languages。
完整句為:
Knowing several languages is helpful if you work for an international corporation.
如果你在跨國企業工作,懂得幾種語言會很有幫助。
選項分析
(A) languages are
填入後為:
第 13 題2 分
With age, the mineral content of human bones decreases, ____ them more fragile.
(A) make
(B) and to make
(C) thereby making
(D) which it makes
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核心觀念:分詞片語表示結果
題幹主句為:
With age, the mineral content of human bones decreases, ____ them more fragile.
隨著年齡增長,人體骨骼的礦物質含量會降低,因而使骨骼更加脆弱。
逗號後的空格接在完整主句之後,須填入能表示「因此造成某結果」的結構。正確形式為:
thereby + V-ing
其中:
- thereby:因此、藉此、因而
- making:使得;由 make 的現在分詞形式
- thereby making them more fragile:因而使它們更加脆弱
解題方法
先找出句子的主要結構:
- 主詞:the mineral content of human bones
- 動詞:decreases
- 受詞:無,因為 decrease 在此作不及物動詞
- 逗號後:說明前面「礦物質含量降低」所造成的結果
完整句意是:
- 隨著年齡增長,骨骼的礦物質含量降低。
- 這個變化因此使骨骼更加脆弱。
因此需要使用 thereby making,表示「因而造成……」。
此外,them 指前面的 human bones,而 more fragile 是形容詞片語,作為受詞補語,形成:
make + 受詞 + 形容詞
使 + 某人/某物 + 具有某種狀態
也就是:
making them more fragile
使它們更加脆弱
選項分析
(A) make
decreases, make them more fragile
錯誤。逗號前已有完整主句,後方若直接接 make,會形成兩個動詞之間缺乏適當連接的結構:
the mineral content ... decreases, make ...
若要使用原形動詞,須有適當的並列連接詞,例如:
decreases and makes them more fragile
但題目選項只有 make,既沒有連接詞,動詞形式也不符合句法。
(B) and to make
decreases, and to make them more fragile
第 14 題2 分
“We had to go over the notes, ____?”
(A) shouldn’t we
(B) didn’t we
(C) don’t we
(D) hadn’t we
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核心觀念
本題測驗重點為附加問句(Tag Questions)的動詞選用原則,特別是半助動詞/一般動詞 have to(必須)的時態與助動詞搭配。
附加問句的形成需遵守兩大黃金準則:
- 肯定句配否定附加問句,否定句配肯定附加問句。
- 附加問句的助動詞與時態必須與主要子句的主動詞一致:
- 若主要子句含
be動詞或情態助動詞(如should,will,can等),附加問句沿用該助動詞。 - 若主要子句是一般動詞,附加問句須依時態(現在式/過去式)及人稱,借用助動詞
do、does或did。 have to在現代文法中被歸類為「半助動詞(semi-auxiliary)」或「一般動詞片語」,否定句與疑問句一律使用do / does / did。過去式had to形成附加問句時,必須使用didn't。
題幹解析與翻譯
- 原文:“We had to go over the notes, ____?”
- 中譯:「我們必須複習這些筆記,不是嗎?」
- 關鍵單字與片語:
- have to + 原形動詞(片語):必須(過去式為
had to)。 - go over(片語):仔細檢查、複習、瀏覽。
- note(名詞):筆記、記錄。
主要子句的主詞為 We,動詞為過去式一般動詞片語 had to,語氣為肯定句。因此,後方的附加問句必須為否定形式,且應借用過去式助動詞 did,組成 didn't we。
解題方法
- 判定正負語氣:主要子句為肯定句(We had to...),附加問句需採否定式(排除所有肯定助動詞)。
- 判定動詞性質與時態:
- 句中的
had to表「過去必須」,是過去式一般動詞用法(如同We studied...)。
第 15 題2 分
My roommate can fall asleep under any conditions, but I can’t get to sleep ____ the light is off and the room is completely quiet.
(A) whether
(B) since
(C) although
(D) unless
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核心觀念
本題考「從屬連接詞的語意判斷」,重點在辨識主句與空格後子句之間的邏輯關係。
題幹結構如下:
I can’t get to sleep ____ the light is off and the room is completely quiet.
主句:
- I can’t get to sleep:我無法入睡
空格後的子句:
- the light is off and the room is completely quiet:燈是關著的,而且房間完全安靜
主句表達「無法入睡」,空格後則說明「必須具備什麼條件才能入睡」。因此需要表示「除非……」「只有在……情況下」的連接詞 unless。
unless = if ... not = 除非……;若不……
本句可改寫為:
I can’t get to sleep if the light is not off or the room is not completely quiet.
意思是:如果燈沒有關,或房間不夠安靜,我就無法入睡。
解題方法
先判斷主句與空格後子句的邏輯:
我無法入睡,____ 燈是關著的,而且房間完全安靜。
語意是「燈關掉且房間安靜」是入睡的必要條件。也就是:
我無法入睡,除非燈關掉且房間完全安靜。
因此填入 unless:
I can’t get to sleep unless the light is off and the room is completely quiet.
翻譯:
我的室友在任何情況下都能睡著,但我無法入睡,除非燈是關著的,而且房間完全安靜。
題幹中定位答案的關鍵句就是:
I can’t get to sleep unless the light is off and the room is completely quiet.
我無法入睡,除非燈是關著的,而且房間完全安靜。
選項分析
(A) whether
whether 表示「是否」,常用於間接問句或「whether A or B」結構。
例如:
I don’t know whether he will come.
我不知道他是否會來。
代入後:
I can’t get to sleep whether the light is off and the room is completely quiet.
此句變成「不論燈是否關著且房間是否安靜,我都無法入睡」,語意與前後文不符;而且本句並非在表達「是否」的選擇。因此錯誤。
(B) since
since 可表示:
- 自從……以來
- 因為……;既然……
代入後若解釋為「因為」:
第 16 題2 分
Only if you get to the concert early ____ a chance to get a ticket for tonight’s show.
(A) you will have
(B) will you have
(C) you have
(D) you had
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核心觀念:Only if 引導的條件副詞子句與倒裝
本題考查「限制性副詞片語置於句首時,主要子句必須倒裝」的文法。
句首的 Only if 表示「只有在……的情況下」。當 Only if + 子句 置於句首時,後面的主要子句要採用部分倒裝:
本題中:
- Only if you get to the concert early:只有你早點到達演唱會現場
- will you have a chance:你才有機會
由於主要子句使用未來式 will have,倒裝後須將 will 移到主詞 you 前面,形成:
Only if you get to the concert early will you have a chance to get a ticket for tonight’s show.
解題方法
先找出句首的 Only if。這是會觸發倒裝的限制性表達,後面的主要子句不能使用一般語序:
- 一般語序:you will have
- 倒裝語序:will you have
因此空格應填入 will you have。
此外,條件副詞子句使用現在簡單式 get,並不代表現在發生,而是符合英文條件句的習慣:談及未來條件時,if 子句通常使用現在簡單式,主要子句使用 will。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句為:
Only if you get to the concert early will you have a chance to get a ticket for tonight’s show.
翻譯:
只有你早點到達演唱會現場,才有機會買到今晚演出的票。
關鍵單字與片語:
- concert:演唱會
- get to + 地點:到達某地
- early:早、提早
- have a chance to + 原形動詞:有機會做某事
- get a ticket:取得/買到票
- tonight’s show:今晚的演出
選項分析
第 17 題2 分
A string of earthquakes shook the town, sending villagers tripping and falling as they ran from their homes and ____ the evacuation of some 2,000 people.
(A) to force
(B) forced
(C) have forced
(D) forcing
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核心觀念
本題考「現在分詞片語的平行結構」與「分詞片語表結果或伴隨情況」。
句型為:
A string of earthquakes shook the town, sending villagers tripping and falling ..., and forcing the evacuation ...
逗號後的 sending ... 與 forcing ... 都是現在分詞片語,共同修飾前面的主詞 A string of earthquakes,表示地震造成的兩個結果:
- 使村民跌跌撞撞、摔倒;
- 迫使約 2,000 人撤離。
因此,空格應填與 sending 形式平行的現在分詞 forcing。
解題方法
先找出主要子句:
A string of earthquakes shook the town.
主詞是 A string of earthquakes,動詞是 shook。
逗號後的內容是補充說明地震造成的結果:
sending villagers tripping and falling
forcing the evacuation of some 2,000 people
由於 sending 已經使用現在分詞,後面以 and 連接的動作也應採用相同形式:
完整句子為:
A string of earthquakes shook the town, sending villagers tripping and falling as they ran from their homes and forcing the evacuation of some 2,000 people.
翻譯:
一連串的地震震撼了這座城鎮,使村民在逃離家園時跌跌撞撞、摔倒,也迫使約 2,000 人撤離。
題幹定位句
A string of earthquakes shook the town, sending villagers tripping and falling as they ran from their homes and **forcing the evacuation of some 2,000 peop
第 18 題2 分
____ are not leached out of soil, reclamation procedures are needed to restore the land’s productivity.
(A) For concentrations of salt
(B) Salt concentrations that
(C) If salt concentrations
(D) With concentrations of salt
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核心觀念
本題考的是「條件副詞子句」與「主句」的結構判斷。
完整句型為:
If + 主詞 + be 動詞 + 過去分詞,主句
其中:
- If salt concentrations are not leached out of soil:條件副詞子句
- reclamation procedures are needed to restore the land’s productivity:主句
句意是:如果土壤中的鹽分濃度沒有被沖洗出去,就需要進行土地復育程序,以恢復土地的生產力。
解題方法
先觀察逗號後的句子:
reclamation procedures are needed to restore the land’s productivity.
這是一個完整的主句,意思是「需要土地復育程序來恢復土地的生產力」。因此,逗號前必須接一個能表達條件、原因或背景的完整子句。
選項中,只有 If salt concentrations 能夠接出完整的條件副詞子句:
If salt concentrations are not leached out of soil, ...
句型結構如下:
- If:條件連接詞
- salt concentrations:主詞
- are not leached out:被動語態
- of soil:表示「從土壤中」
因此選擇 (C)。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
If salt concentrations are not leached out of soil, reclamation procedures are needed to restore the land’s productivity.
翻譯:
如果土壤中的鹽分濃度沒有被沖洗出去,就需要進行土地復育程序,以恢復土地的生產力。
句中 If A, B 表示「如果 A,就 B」,是標準的條件句。
選項分析
(A) For concentrations of salt
若填入後為:
For concentrations of salt are not leached out of soil, reclamation procedures are needed ...
此處的 for 若作介系詞,後面應接名詞,不能接完整的「主詞 + 動詞」結構。若作對等連接詞,意思接近「因為」,但不能自然地放在句首形成此句的因果關係,而且後面的句子也不適合用這種結構銜接。
此外,concentrations of salt 雖可理解為「鹽的濃度」,但本題需要的是條件連接詞 If。故錯誤。
(B) Salt concentrations that
若填入後為:
Salt concentrations that are not leached out of soil, reclamation procedures are needed ...
第 19 題2 分
Not until Kentucky’s Mammoth Cave had been completely explored in 1972 ____.
(A) when was its full extent realized
(B) was its full extent realized
(C) that its full extent was realized
(D) the realization of its full extent
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核心觀念:否定副詞片語置於句首的倒裝
本題考查 Not until ... 置於句首時,主要子句必須使用部分倒裝。
基本語序為:
Its full extent was not realized until Kentucky’s Mammoth Cave had been completely explored in 1972.
當 Not until ... 移到句首,形成強調語氣「直到……才……」時,主要子句須將 be 動詞、助動詞或情態動詞置於主詞之前:
Not until ... was its full extent realized.
本題句型為:
題幹結構與翻譯
題幹:
Not until Kentucky’s Mammoth Cave had been completely explored in 1972 ____.
完整句子為:
Not until Kentucky’s Mammoth Cave had been completely explored in 1972 was its full extent realized.
翻譯:
直到肯塔基州的猛獁洞穴在 1972 年被完全探勘後,人們才了解到它的完整範圍。
句中:
- Not until:直到……才……
- Kentucky’s Mammoth Cave:肯塔基州的猛獁洞穴
- had been completely explored:已被完全探勘
had been explored為過去完成式被動語態- in 1972:在 1972 年
- full extent:完整範圍、全部規模
- was realized:被了解到、被認知到
解題方法
第一步:辨認句首的否定語意
句首出現 Not until,相當於:
It was not until ... that ...
此結構表示「直到某個時間或事件發生,某事才發生」。
第二步:判斷是否需要倒裝
當帶有否定或半否定意義的副詞或副詞片語置於句首時,主要子句須部分倒裝,例如:
- Never have I seen such a beautiful cave.
- Only then did he understand the truth.
- Not until midnight did she finish her work.
- Not until 1972 was its full extent realized.
第三步:確認主句的主詞與動詞
主句的原本語序是:
its full extent was realized
- 主詞:its full extent
- 動詞:was realized
因為動詞本身已有 was 這個 be 動詞,所以直接將 was 移到主詞前:
was its full extent realized
因此空格應填:
第 20 題2 分
Plankton, ____, is the basic foodstuff for everything that lives in the ocean.
(A) comprise both minute marine animals and plants
(B) minute marine animals and plants collectively that
(C) is the name given to minute marine animals and plants
(D) the collective name for minute marine animals and plants
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核心觀念:同位語與句子主幹
本題考「同位語」的用法,以及句子的主詞、動詞是否完整。
題幹主幹為:
Plankton is the basic foodstuff for everything that lives in the ocean.
浮游生物是海洋中所有生物的基本食物。
其中:
- 主詞:Plankton
- 動詞:is
- 主詞補語:the basic foodstuff
- that lives in the ocean 是關係子句,修飾 everything。
逗號之間的空格位於 Plankton 與主要動詞 is 之間,因此應填入補充說明 Plankton 的同位語。此處需要的是一個名詞片語,而不是另一個完整子句。
解題方法
判斷逗號中應填入的內容,先保留題幹主幹:
Plankton, ______, is the basic foodstuff for everything that lives in the ocean.
由於主要句子的動詞已經是 is,空格內容不能再放入另一個限定動詞,否則會形成兩個動詞互相衝突。
最自然的結構是:
名詞,名詞片語,動詞……
也就是同位語結構:
Plankton, the collective name for minute marine animals and plants, is ...
完整句意為:
浮游生物是微小海洋動物與植物的總稱,它是海洋中所有生物的基本食物。
因此正確答案為 (D)。
文法與語意重點
1. 同位語
同位語是放在名詞後面,進一步說明該名詞身分或內容的名詞片語。非限定同位語通常以成對逗號隔開:
名詞 A, 名詞片語 B, 動詞……
例如:
Taipei 101, a famous landmark in Taiwan, attracts many tourists.
台北 101 這座臺灣著名地標吸引許多遊客。
本題中:
- Plankton 是被說明的名詞
- the collective name for minute marine animals and plants 是同位語
- 主要動詞仍是 is
2. 名詞片語與限定動詞的區別
可放在同位語位置的內容,必須能獨立作為名詞片語,例如:
the collective name for ...
不能在此處放入:
is the name given to ...
因為 is 是限定動詞,會使句子出現兩組主要動詞。
3. 「collective name for」的語意
the collective name for A and B
A 與 B 的總稱
因此:
the collective name for minute marine animals and plants
微小海洋動物與植物的總稱
這正是 plankton 的定義,語意與題幹完全相符。
選項分析
(A) comprise both minute marine animals and plants
comprise 是動詞,意為「由……組成、包含」。
若填入後,句子變成:
Plankton, comprise both minute marine animals and plants, is the basic foodstuff ...
句中出現 comprise 與 is 兩個主要動詞,但中間沒有適當的連接詞或關係代名詞,造成文法結構錯誤。
此外,若主詞 Plankton 使用動詞 comprise,應寫成:
Plankton comprises both minute marine animals and plants.
但這仍然不能直接插入原句的兩個逗號之間。因此錯誤。
第 21 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
One of the most breathtaking natural occurrences is the northern lights, or aurora borealis. When it occurs in the southern hemisphere, it is called the southern lights. The northern lights can be viewed by many more people, especially those who live close to the North Pole in Europe and Canada. This phenomenon, which is a dazzling display of green, red and blue lights that shoot across the sky, is caused by atoms that emit light. These atoms are in the earth’s upper atmosphere. They get hit by subatomic particles that are emitted by the sun, and the collisions cause light emissions. These particles travel through space and hit the earth’s magnetic field, where most of them are repelled. However, a few get through into the atmosphere, and cause the northern and southern lights. No one who has seen these lights forgets them, for they are bright, fast moving, unpredictable and thrilling. It’s like watching a giant hand wave a paintbrush across the sky, erase its work, and swiftly paint again.
Which of the following places is best for viewing the northern lights?
(A) Iceland.
(B) Mexico.
(C) Taiwan.
(D) Egypt.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與地理常識判讀。題目詢問:哪一個地點最適合觀賞北極光(the northern lights / aurora borealis)。
文章指出,北極光在接近北極的地區較容易觀察,尤其是歐洲與加拿大的北部地區。因此,選項中位於高緯度、接近北極圈的 Iceland(冰島)最符合文章內容。
解題方法
先抓住題目關鍵字:
- best for viewing:最適合觀賞
- northern lights:北極光
- North Pole:北極
再回文章尋找與地點相關的句子:
The northern lights can be viewed by many more people, especially those who live close to the North Pole in Europe and Canada.
翻譯為:
北極光能被更多人觀察到,尤其是居住在歐洲與加拿大、靠近北極的人。
這句明確表示:越接近北極,越適合觀賞北極光。四個選項中,Iceland 位於北大西洋,接近北極圈,屬於觀賞北極光的著名地區,因此選 A。
文章定位與語意重點
題幹開頭說明:
One of the most breathtaking natural occurrences is the northern lights, or aurora borealis.
翻譯為:
北極光,或稱 aurora borealis,是最令人屏息的自然現象之一。
其中:
- one of the most + 形容詞:最……之一
例如:one of the most beautiful places,最美麗的地方之一。 - occurrence:發生的事情;自然現象
- breathtaking:令人屏息的;壯觀的
- aurora borealis:北極光
與本題答案直接相關的是「close to the North Pole in Europe and Canada」,表示觀賞地點應具有「高緯度、接近北極」的特徵。
選項分析
- (A) Iceland.(冰島)
第 22 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
One of the most breathtaking natural occurrences is the northern lights, or aurora borealis. When it occurs in the southern hemisphere, it is called the southern lights. The northern lights can be viewed by many more people, especially those who live close to the North Pole in Europe and Canada. This phenomenon, which is a dazzling display of green, red and blue lights that shoot across the sky, is caused by atoms that emit light. These atoms are in the earth’s upper atmosphere. They get hit by subatomic particles that are emitted by the sun, and the collisions cause light emissions. These particles travel through space and hit the earth’s magnetic field, where most of them are repelled. However, a few get through into the atmosphere, and cause the northern and southern lights. No one who has seen these lights forgets them, for they are bright, fast moving, unpredictable and thrilling. It’s like watching a giant hand wave a paintbrush across the sky, erase its work, and swiftly paint again.
Where do the northern and southern lights occur?
(A) In outer space.
(B) In the earth’s magnetic field.
(C) Under the clouds.
(D) In the atmosphere.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 閱讀文章後定位關鍵資訊
- 因果關係與地點判斷
- 重要單字、片語及代名詞指涉
文章說明:太陽發出的次原子粒子穿越太空,受到地球磁場作用;少數粒子進入地球大氣層,與大氣中的原子碰撞並產生光,因此形成極光。
解題方法
判斷地點時,應找文章中直接描述「極光在哪裡形成」的句子,而非只看粒子經過哪些地方。
定位原文:
“However, a few get through into the atmosphere, and cause the northern and southern lights.”
翻譯:
「然而,少數粒子穿透進入大氣層,並造成北極光與南極光。」
句中的 into the atmosphere 表示粒子進入大氣層,而 cause the northern and southern lights 明確指出極光是在大氣層中形成。因此答案是 In the atmosphere。
文章也提到:
“These atoms are in the earth’s upper atmosphere.”
翻譯:
「這些原子位於地球的高層大氣中。」
太陽粒子與高層大氣中的原子碰撞,使原子發出光,形成北極光與南極光。
選項分析
(A) In outer space.
錯誤。文章提到粒子會在太空中旅行:
“These particles travel through space and hit the earth’s magnetic field.”
意思是「這些粒子穿越太空,並撞擊地球的磁場」。太空是粒子的通行區域,不是極光產生的主要地點。
(B) In the earth’s magnetic field.
錯誤。粒子確實會撞擊地球磁場:
“These particles travel through space and hit the earth’s magnetic field, where most of them are repelled.”
意思是「這些粒子穿越太空並撞擊地球磁場,大多數粒子在此被排斥」。地球磁場主要負責偏轉、排斥粒子;少數粒子穿透磁場後進入大氣層,才造成極光。
(C) Under the clouds.
錯誤。文章沒有提到雲層,也沒有說極光發生在雲層下方。極光位於地球高層大氣,不是一般雲層之下。
(D) In the atmosphere.
正確。文章明確指出少數太陽粒子進入大氣層,與其中的原子碰撞並產生光,形成北極光與南極光。
關鍵單字與片語
第 23 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
One of the most breathtaking natural occurrences is the northern lights, or aurora borealis. When it occurs in the southern hemisphere, it is called the southern lights. The northern lights can be viewed by many more people, especially those who live close to the North Pole in Europe and Canada. This phenomenon, which is a dazzling display of green, red and blue lights that shoot across the sky, is caused by atoms that emit light. These atoms are in the earth’s upper atmosphere. They get hit by subatomic particles that are emitted by the sun, and the collisions cause light emissions. These particles travel through space and hit the earth’s magnetic field, where most of them are repelled. However, a few get through into the atmosphere, and cause the northern and southern lights. No one who has seen these lights forgets them, for they are bright, fast moving, unpredictable and thrilling. It’s like watching a giant hand wave a paintbrush across the sky, erase its work, and swiftly paint again.
The northern lights is essentially ____.
(A) a discharge of electromagnetism from charged particles
(B) a discharge of protons and electrons from the sun
(C) a discharge of light from atoms
(D) a parting of the earth’s magnetic field
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核心觀念
本題考的是閱讀理解中的「主旨與細節定位」,重點在判斷北極光的本質及其形成機制。
文章說明:
- 太陽放出次原子粒子。
- 這些粒子穿過地球磁場,少部分進入高層大氣。
- 粒子撞擊大氣中的原子。
- 原子因碰撞而放出光,形成北極光與南極光。
因此,北極光本質上是「大氣中的原子放出光線所形成的現象」。
答案定位
關鍵句為:
This phenomenon ... is caused by atoms that emit light.
這種現象是由會放出光線的原子所造成的。
另一句進一步說明機制:
They get hit by subatomic particles that are emitted by the sun, and the collisions cause light emissions.
這些原子受到太陽放出的次原子粒子撞擊,而碰撞造成光線的放出。
故選項應選擇直接描述「原子放光」的答案。
選項分析
(A) a discharge of electromagnetism from charged particles
帶電粒子所放出的電磁能量
錯誤。文章提到的是太陽放出的次原子粒子會撞擊大氣中的原子,但北極光的直接形成原因是原子受到激發後放出光線。選項把焦點放在「帶電粒子放出電磁能量」,不是本文所強調的原子發光。
(B) a discharge of protons and electrons from the sun
太陽放出的質子與電子
錯誤。質子與電子是太陽放出的次原子粒子,屬於形成北極光的原因之一,但它們本身不是北極光。北極光是粒子進入大氣並撞擊原子後所產生的發光現象。
(C) a discharge of light from atoms
原子所放出的光
正確。文章明確指出北極光是由大氣中的原子放出光線所造成,且碰撞會導致光線放出。此選項最直接符合文章內容。
第 24 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
One of the most breathtaking natural occurrences is the northern lights, or aurora borealis. When it occurs in the southern hemisphere, it is called the southern lights. The northern lights can be viewed by many more people, especially those who live close to the North Pole in Europe and Canada. This phenomenon, which is a dazzling display of green, red and blue lights that shoot across the sky, is caused by atoms that emit light. These atoms are in the earth’s upper atmosphere. They get hit by subatomic particles that are emitted by the sun, and the collisions cause light emissions. These particles travel through space and hit the earth’s magnetic field, where most of them are repelled. However, a few get through into the atmosphere, and cause the northern and southern lights. No one who has seen these lights forgets them, for they are bright, fast moving, unpredictable and thrilling. It’s like watching a giant hand wave a paintbrush across the sky, erase its work, and swiftly paint again.
What happens to the sun’s subatomic particles when they approach the earth?
(A) They are absorbed into the atmosphere.
(B) They are mostly deflected by the magnetic field but some get into the atmosphere.
(C) They are all deflected by the magnetic field.
(D) They go straight through the atmosphere and hit the earth.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解與文章細節定位,重點是理解太陽發出的次原子粒子接近地球時,受到地球磁場作用的結果。
文章指出:
- 大多數粒子會被地球磁場排斥、偏轉。
- 少數粒子能穿過磁場,進入地球大氣層。
- 粒子與高層大氣中的原子碰撞後,產生光,形成極光。
解題方法
直接尋找題目關鍵字:
- 題目:the sun’s subatomic particles
- 文章:these particles、earth’s magnetic field、most of them、a few get through
定位答案的原文是:
“These particles travel through space and hit the earth’s magnetic field, where most of them are repelled. However, a few get through into the atmosphere, and cause the northern and southern lights.”
翻譯:
「這些粒子穿越太空並撞上地球磁場;其中大多數會被排斥。然而,少數粒子會穿過磁場進入大氣層,並造成北極光與南極光。」
因此,太陽的次原子粒子接近地球時,大部分被地球磁場偏轉,少部分進入大氣層,故選 (B)。
關鍵單字與片語
- breathtaking:令人屏息的、壯觀的
- natural occurrence:自然現象
- northern lights/aurora borealis:北極光
- southern lights:南極光
- phenomenon:現象
- dazzling display:耀眼的展示、絢麗的景象
- shoot across the sky:劃過天空
- upper atmosphere:高層大氣
- subatomic particles:次原子粒子
- emit light:發出光
- collision:碰撞
- magnetic field:磁場
- repel:排斥、使偏轉
- get through:穿過、通過
- atmosphere:大氣層
- unpredictable:不可預測的
- thrilling:令人興奮的
文法與語意重點
- where 引導關係副詞子句
原文:
“...hit the earth’s magnetic field, where most of them are repelled.”
第 25 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
One of the most breathtaking natural occurrences is the northern lights, or aurora borealis. When it occurs in the southern hemisphere, it is called the southern lights. The northern lights can be viewed by many more people, especially those who live close to the North Pole in Europe and Canada. This phenomenon, which is a dazzling display of green, red and blue lights that shoot across the sky, is caused by atoms that emit light. These atoms are in the earth’s upper atmosphere. They get hit by subatomic particles that are emitted by the sun, and the collisions cause light emissions. These particles travel through space and hit the earth’s magnetic field, where most of them are repelled. However, a few get through into the atmosphere, and cause the northern and southern lights. No one who has seen these lights forgets them, for they are bright, fast moving, unpredictable and thrilling. It’s like watching a giant hand wave a paintbrush across the sky, erase its work, and swiftly paint again.
What does “repel” in line 7 mean?
(A) Fighting against or refusing to obey an authority.
(B) An electrical or magnetic force pushing two things apart.
(C) Refusing to accept or consider something.
(D) Carefully examining or considering something again.
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核心觀念
本題考查字義判斷,重點是根據上下文判斷 repel 在句中的正確意思。
文中描述太陽放出的次原子粒子穿越太空,抵達地球磁場後,大多數粒子受到磁力排斥而無法進入大氣層。因此,repel 在此處是「排斥、推開」的意思,特別指電力或磁力使物體彼此分離。
關鍵句定位
These particles travel through space and hit the earth’s magnetic field, where most of them are repelled.
翻譯:
這些粒子穿越太空,撞擊地球的磁場;其中大多數受到排斥而被推開。
句中的 where 引導關係副詞子句,修飾前面的 the earth’s magnetic field。
most of them are repelled 是被動語態:
- most of them:其中大多數
- are repelled:受到排斥、被推開
由「粒子撞擊磁場」以及「大多數被推開」可知,repel 是物理作用上的排斥。
關鍵單字與片語
- breathtaking:令人屏息的;壯觀的
- natural occurrence:自然現象
- northern lights / aurora borealis:北極光
- southern lights:南極光
- hemisphere:半球
- phenomenon:現象
- dazzling display:耀眼的展現
- shoot across the sky:劃過天空
- upper atmosphere:高層大氣
- subatomic particles:次原子粒子
- emit light:發出光
- collision:碰撞
- light emission:光的發射
- magnetic field:磁場
- repel:排斥;推開
第 26 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Moths and butterflies are common insects that live in your garden. They don’t have skeletons inside their bodies as we have. Their “skeletons” are on the outside—they don’t have backbones, knee-bones or toe-bones, but instead have a soft body on the inside with a type of hard protective shell.
Butterflies can taste things through their feet. They often stomp up and down on a leaf, testing and tasting it to see if it is a good place to lay their eggs. Some butterflies lay their eggs all together, and others lay theirs in scattered bunches, which keeps the eggs safer from enemies that might enjoy snacking on them.
Butterflies and moths have a long hollow tube, just like a straw, that they use to suck up their food (flower nectar). The tube is called a proboscis and it can be curled away when it is not being used. The longest proboscis belongs to Darwin’s hawkmoth. It is about 35 cm long and the moth needs it to reach the nectar at the bottom of the flowers it feeds on.
Butterflies and moths have been fluttering about the skies for 140 million years. Unfortunately, modern times have seen many beautiful species become extinct. They have died out because forests have been cut down and their homes there have been lost.
Why do some butterflies lay their eggs in scattered bunches?
(A) They want to clearly mark where their eggs are.
(B) They try to make it easier to take care of their eggs.
(C) They want to protect eggs from enemies that might eat them.
(D) They try to make eggs beyond the reach of other butterflies.
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核心觀念
本題考「閱讀理解」與「因果關係判讀」。解題重點是找出題目所問內容在文章中的直接依據,再將原文與選項的意思逐一比對。
題目問:
Why do some butterflies lay their eggs in scattered bunches?
為什麼有些蝴蝶把卵分散成一小群一小群地產下?
關鍵在於理解文章中的因果說明:
Some butterflies lay their eggs all together, and others lay theirs in scattered bunches, which keeps the eggs safer from enemies that might enjoy snacking on them.
其中:
lay eggs:產卵all together:全部聚在一起scattered bunches:分散的小群keep ... safer from ...:使……免於……的危險enemies:敵人,此處指會捕食蝴蝶卵的天敵snacking on them:把牠們當作點心吃,此處指吃掉這些卵
解題方法
先定位文章中與「lay their eggs in scattered bunches」完全相同的句子。原文直接說,分散產卵的結果是:
which keeps the eggs safer from enemies that might enjoy snacking on them.
這樣可以讓卵更安全,避免被可能以牠們為食的天敵吃掉。
因此,蝴蝶分散產卵的目的,是降低卵被天敵一次發現、捕食的風險。符合這個原因的選項是保護卵不被敵人吃掉。
選項分析
(A) They want to clearly mark where their eggs are.
牠們想清楚標示卵的位置。
錯誤。文章沒有提到蝴蝶分散產卵是為了標記卵的位置;分散位置反而會使卵不集中在同一處。
第 27 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Moths and butterflies are common insects that live in your garden. They don’t have skeletons inside their bodies as we have. Their “skeletons” are on the outside—they don’t have backbones, knee-bones or toe-bones, but instead have a soft body on the inside with a type of hard protective shell.
Butterflies can taste things through their feet. They often stomp up and down on a leaf, testing and tasting it to see if it is a good place to lay their eggs. Some butterflies lay their eggs all together, and others lay theirs in scattered bunches, which keeps the eggs safer from enemies that might enjoy snacking on them.
Butterflies and moths have a long hollow tube, just like a straw, that they use to suck up their food (flower nectar). The tube is called a proboscis and it can be curled away when it is not being used. The longest proboscis belongs to Darwin’s hawkmoth. It is about 35 cm long and the moth needs it to reach the nectar at the bottom of the flowers it feeds on.
Butterflies and moths have been fluttering about the skies for 140 million years. Unfortunately, modern times have seen many beautiful species become extinct. They have died out because forests have been cut down and their homes there have been lost.
According to the passage, what are the bodies of moths and butterflies similar to?
(A) A shell.
(B) A tube.
(C) A leaf.
(D) A straw.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與代名詞指涉。
題目問:
According to the passage, what are the bodies of moths and butterflies similar to?
其中 be similar to 意為「與……相似」。解題重點是回到文章第一段,尋找描述蛾與蝴蝶身體構造的句子。
文章指出蛾與蝴蝶沒有像人類一樣的內骨骼,身體內部柔軟,外部具有堅硬的保護構造,因此身體外形與功能類似「外殼」。
解題方法
定位第一段的關鍵句:
They don’t have skeletons inside their bodies as we have. Their “skeletons” are on the outside—they don’t have backbones, knee-bones or toe-bones, but instead have a soft body on the inside with a type of hard protective shell.
翻譯:
牠們不像我們一樣在身體內部有骨骼。牠們的「骨骼」位於身體外部——牠們沒有脊椎骨、膝骨或腳趾骨,而是內部有柔軟的身體,外部有一種堅硬的保護性外殼。
題目問的是「身體像什麼」,第一段直接以 hard protective shell 描述其外部構造,因此答案是 A shell。
選項分析
(A) A shell.(外殼)
正確。文章以 a type of hard protective shell 描述蛾與蝴蝶身體外部的堅硬保護構造,與題目所問的相似物相符。
(B) A tube.(管子)
錯誤。文章第三段提到蛾與蝴蝶有一條長而中空的管子,用來吸食花蜜:
Butterflies and moths have a long hollow tube, just like a straw, that they use to suck up their food.
這裡的 tube 指的是口器 proboscis,不是牠們的身體。
(C) A leaf.(葉子)
第 28 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Moths and butterflies are common insects that live in your garden. They don’t have skeletons inside their bodies as we have. Their “skeletons” are on the outside—they don’t have backbones, knee-bones or toe-bones, but instead have a soft body on the inside with a type of hard protective shell.
Butterflies can taste things through their feet. They often stomp up and down on a leaf, testing and tasting it to see if it is a good place to lay their eggs. Some butterflies lay their eggs all together, and others lay theirs in scattered bunches, which keeps the eggs safer from enemies that might enjoy snacking on them.
Butterflies and moths have a long hollow tube, just like a straw, that they use to suck up their food (flower nectar). The tube is called a proboscis and it can be curled away when it is not being used. The longest proboscis belongs to Darwin’s hawkmoth. It is about 35 cm long and the moth needs it to reach the nectar at the bottom of the flowers it feeds on.
Butterflies and moths have been fluttering about the skies for 140 million years. Unfortunately, modern times have seen many beautiful species become extinct. They have died out because forests have been cut down and their homes there have been lost.
Why does Darwin’s hawkmoth need such a long proboscis?
(A) The flowers grow far away from where the moth lives.
(B) There is no need for the moth to fly when getting nectar.
(C) The places the moth can find nectar are very high to reach.
(D) The flowers from which the moth gets nectar are very deep.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」與因果關係。解題重點是找出文章中直接說明 Darwin’s hawkmoth 為何具有長吻管(proboscis)的句子,再將題目問法與原文意思相互對照。
文中指出:
“It is about 35 cm long and the moth needs it to reach the nectar at the bottom of the flowers it feeds on.”
意思是:「這條吻管大約長 35 公分,這種蛾需要它來取得所食用花朵底部的花蜜。」
因此,長吻管的功能是伸入花朵內部很深的位置,以吸取花蜜。
關鍵單字與片語
- moth:蛾
- butterfly:蝴蝶
- proboscis:吻管、口吻
- hollow tube:中空管
- suck up:吸取
- nectar:花蜜
- reach:到達、伸到
- at the bottom of:在……的底部
- flower:花朵
- feed on:以……為食
- curl away:捲起、收起
- extinct:滅絕的
- die out:滅絕、絕種
解題方法
題目問:
Why does Darwin’s hawkmoth need such a long proboscis?
意思是:「為什麼 Darwin’s hawkmoth 需要這麼長的吻管?」
先定位文章中出現 Darwin’s hawkmoth 的句子:
“The longest proboscis belongs to Darwin’s hawkmoth.”
意思是:「最長的吻管屬於 Darwin’s hawkmoth。」
接著閱讀後一句,文章明確說明:
“The moth needs it to reach the nectar at the bottom of the flowers it feeds on.”
其中:
it指前文的proboscisreach the nectar表示「伸到花蜜」at the bottom of the flowers表示「位於花朵底部」needs it to reach...表示「需要它來伸到……」
由此可知,花蜜所在的花朵內部很深,普通長度的吻管無法取得花蜜,因此 Darwin’s hawkmoth 必須具有很長的吻管。
選項分析
第 29 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Moths and butterflies are common insects that live in your garden. They don’t have skeletons inside their bodies as we have. Their “skeletons” are on the outside—they don’t have backbones, knee-bones or toe-bones, but instead have a soft body on the inside with a type of hard protective shell.
Butterflies can taste things through their feet. They often stomp up and down on a leaf, testing and tasting it to see if it is a good place to lay their eggs. Some butterflies lay their eggs all together, and others lay theirs in scattered bunches, which keeps the eggs safer from enemies that might enjoy snacking on them.
Butterflies and moths have a long hollow tube, just like a straw, that they use to suck up their food (flower nectar). The tube is called a proboscis and it can be curled away when it is not being used. The longest proboscis belongs to Darwin’s hawkmoth. It is about 35 cm long and the moth needs it to reach the nectar at the bottom of the flowers it feeds on.
Butterflies and moths have been fluttering about the skies for 140 million years. Unfortunately, modern times have seen many beautiful species become extinct. They have died out because forests have been cut down and their homes there have been lost.
Why do butterflies sometimes stomp up and down on leaves?
(A) They look for the flower nectar they like.
(B) They try to find an ideal place to lay eggs.
(C) They are getting ready before they lay eggs.
(D) They want to know if the leaf tastes good or not.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「原因與目的判斷」,重點是找出蝴蝶在葉片上反覆踩踏的直接原因。
文中指出蝴蝶能透過腳感覺味道,踩踏葉片是為了測試葉片是否適合產卵。因此,解題時要注意「stomp up and down」這個動作與「testing and tasting」之間的因果關係。
定位答案的關鍵句
They often stomp up and down on a leaf, testing and tasting it to see if it is a good place to lay their eggs.
翻譯:牠們常在葉片上上下踩踏,藉此測試並品嚐葉片,以確認那是否是適合產卵的地方。
句中的 與 是現在分詞片語,補充說明踩踏葉片時所進行的動作; 表示目的,意為「為了看看是否……」。
解題方法
先將題目中的動作與文章對應:
- 題目:(在葉片上上下踩踏)
- 原文:(測試並品嚐葉片)
由於蝴蝶可以透過腳辨別味道,所以踩踏的直接目的就是判斷葉片是否好吃、是否適合牠們產卵。四個選項中,只有 D 直接說明「品嚐葉片」這個動作的原因。
選項分析
(A) They look for the flower nectar they like.
牠們尋找自己喜歡的花蜜。
錯誤。花蜜是蝴蝶與蛾的食物,文章提到牠們利用長管狀的口器 吸食花蜜;但踩踏葉片是為了判斷產卵地點,與尋找花蜜無關。
(B) They try to find an ideal place to lay eggs.
牠們試圖尋找理想的產卵地點。
錯誤。這個選項與文章內容有關,但它說的是較後面的整體目的。文章明確說明踩踏和品嚐葉片,是為了判斷葉片是否適合產卵;本題所問的是踩踏這個動作的直接原因,D 更精確地對應 and 。
第 30 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Moths and butterflies are common insects that live in your garden. They don’t have skeletons inside their bodies as we have. Their “skeletons” are on the outside—they don’t have backbones, knee-bones or toe-bones, but instead have a soft body on the inside with a type of hard protective shell.
Butterflies can taste things through their feet. They often stomp up and down on a leaf, testing and tasting it to see if it is a good place to lay their eggs. Some butterflies lay their eggs all together, and others lay theirs in scattered bunches, which keeps the eggs safer from enemies that might enjoy snacking on them.
Butterflies and moths have a long hollow tube, just like a straw, that they use to suck up their food (flower nectar). The tube is called a proboscis and it can be curled away when it is not being used. The longest proboscis belongs to Darwin’s hawkmoth. It is about 35 cm long and the moth needs it to reach the nectar at the bottom of the flowers it feeds on.
Butterflies and moths have been fluttering about the skies for 140 million years. Unfortunately, modern times have seen many beautiful species become extinct. They have died out because forests have been cut down and their homes there have been lost.
Why is cutting down the forests so bad for butterflies and moths?
(A) They will not be able to flutter about the sky.
(B) They can only lay their eggs in one big clump.
(C) They will lose their homes and become extinct.
(D) They may lose their ability to taste with their feet.
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核心觀念
本題考的是英文閱讀理解中的「因果關係判讀」。解題重點是找出文章中直接回答問題的句子,再判斷選項是否符合原文因果。
文章指出,蝴蝶與蛾的棲息地遭到破壞後,會因失去家園而滅絕。因此,砍伐森林的危害在於破壞牠們的生存環境。
定位答案的原文
“They have died out because forests have been cut down and their homes there have been lost.”
翻譯:
「牠們已經滅絕,因為森林遭到砍伐,牠們在森林中的家園也失去了。」
其中:
- because:因為,表示原因。
- forests have been cut down:森林已被砍伐。
這是現在完成式的被動語態,表示森林遭砍伐這件事已經發生,且造成目前的結果。 - their homes there have been lost:牠們在那裡的家園已經失去。
- die out / become extinct:滅絕、絕種。
題目問:
“Why is cutting down the forests so bad for butterflies and moths?”
意思是:「為什麼砍伐森林對蝴蝶和蛾如此不好?」
原文已明確說明:森林被砍伐後,蝴蝶與蛾失去棲息地,最後滅絕。
解題方法
先抓題目中的關鍵詞:
- cutting down the forests:砍伐森林
- bad for butterflies and moths:對蝴蝶和蛾有害
- why:詢問原因
接著回文章尋找與「森林被砍伐」相關的句子。原文以 because 引導原因,形成清楚的因果鏈:
所以正確選項必須同時符合「失去棲息地」與「滅絕」這兩層意思。
選項分析
第 31 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The most popular event in the world is probably the World Cup, and it is certainly in first place among sports competitions. This soccer tournament features the top 32 teams in the world, and is held once every four years. The World Cup is unique because soccer is unique. It is played everywhere. And this is the sport that inflames ethnic tension and sparks national pride more than any other does. Soccer is an outlet for the feelings, tensions and desires of groups, whether they be tribal, regional or national. The battles between teams from different parts of one country—the northwest and south of England, for example—can be just as bitter and divisive as those between rival countries. However, an entire nation will put aside its internal differences and cheer for its national team. All the energy produced by the public, passionate fans and casual viewers alike, causes the World Cup to be a singularly exciting event. Amazingly, 715.1 million people watched the championship match in the last tournament in 2006, even though most of them didn’t come from the two countries playing in that final, Italy and France.
What does “inflame” in line 4 mean?
(A) To cause very strong feelings, especially anger or excitement, in a person or in a group of people.
(B) To burn with a bright flame.
(C) To make something less or smaller in size, quantity, price, etc.
(D) To have an influence on something.
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核心觀念
本題考查單字 inflame 在文章語境中的字義判斷,以及字義搭配。
inflame 常見意思有:
- 使燃燒、點燃火焰
- 激起強烈情緒,尤其是憤怒或興奮
- 使情勢、衝突更加緊張或激烈
題幹中的搭配是 inflame ethnic tension,意思是「激化族群緊張情勢」,並非真正點燃火焰。
解題方法
定位文章中的關鍵句:
And this is the sport that inflames ethnic tension and sparks national pride more than any other does.
翻譯:
而且,足球比任何其他運動更能激化族群緊張情勢、激發民族自豪感。
句中將 inflames ethnic tension 與 sparks national pride 並列:
- inflame ethnic tension:激化族群緊張
- spark national pride:激發民族自豪感
兩者都表示引發或增強強烈情緒、情勢,因此 inflame 在此應解作「使人或群體產生強烈情緒,尤其是憤怒或興奮」。
文法與語意重點
1. inflame 的受詞是 ethnic tension
ethnic tension 意為「族群緊張、族群間的對立情勢」。
能與此受詞自然搭配的意思是「激化、加劇」,而不是「燃燒」。
2. more than any other does
句中:
inflames ethnic tension ... more than any other does
完整意思是:
比其他任何運動都更能激化族群緊張。
第 32 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The most popular event in the world is probably the World Cup, and it is certainly in first place among sports competitions. This soccer tournament features the top 32 teams in the world, and is held once every four years. The World Cup is unique because soccer is unique. It is played everywhere. And this is the sport that inflames ethnic tension and sparks national pride more than any other does. Soccer is an outlet for the feelings, tensions and desires of groups, whether they be tribal, regional or national. The battles between teams from different parts of one country—the northwest and south of England, for example—can be just as bitter and divisive as those between rival countries. However, an entire nation will put aside its internal differences and cheer for its national team. All the energy produced by the public, passionate fans and casual viewers alike, causes the World Cup to be a singularly exciting event. Amazingly, 715.1 million people watched the championship match in the last tournament in 2006, even though most of them didn’t come from the two countries playing in that final, Italy and France.
Why is soccer such a socially significant sport?
(A) Because it causes different groups of people to come together harmoniously.
(B) Because it brings out the conflicts between different groups as well as their passions.
(C) Because it is played in every country.
(D) Because it is watched by millions of people.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「因果判斷」與「主旨定位」。題目詢問足球為何具有重要的社會意義,必須找出文章中直接說明足球如何影響群體關係、民族情感與國家認同的句子。
文章指出,足球不只是普及的運動,更能:
- 激發族群間的緊張關係;
- 引發民族自豪感;
- 成為不同群體宣洩情感、緊張與欲望的出口;
- 呈現不同地區、族群或國家之間的衝突與熱情。
因此,正確答案應同時包含「群體衝突」與「群體激情」。
解題方法
先抓住題幹關鍵字:
- socially significant:具有社會重要性的
- why:詢問原因
- soccer:足球
再回文章尋找解釋足球社會影響力的句子:
And this is the sport that inflames ethnic tension and sparks national pride more than any other does.
意思是:
足球是所有運動中,最能激化族群緊張情勢並激發民族自豪感的一項運動。
接著文章進一步說明:
Soccer is an outlet for the feelings, tensions and desires of groups, whether they be tribal, regional or national.
意思是:
足球是各種群體宣洩情感、緊張與欲望的出口,不論這些群體是部落、地區或國家。
這兩句清楚表明,足球的重要性在於它會將不同群體的衝突、情感與熱情表現出來,與選項 (B) 完全相符。
選項分析
(A) Because it causes different groups of people to come together harmoniously.
因為它使不同群體和諧地聚在一起。
錯誤。文章雖然提到全國人民會支持自己的國家隊,但重點不是「和諧相處」,而是足球會激化族群緊張、呈現群體間的對立與衝突。選項中的 harmoniously 與文章所描述的 ethnic tension、bitter and divisive 意義相反。
(B) Because it brings out the conflicts between different groups as well as their passions.
因為它呈現不同群體之間的衝突,也激發他們的熱情。
正確。這個選項同時對應文章中的兩項重點:
- inflames ethnic tension:激化族群緊張;
- sparks national pride:激發民族自豪感;
- feelings, tensions and desires of groups:群體的情感、緊張與欲望。
第 33 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The most popular event in the world is probably the World Cup, and it is certainly in first place among sports competitions. This soccer tournament features the top 32 teams in the world, and is held once every four years. The World Cup is unique because soccer is unique. It is played everywhere. And this is the sport that inflames ethnic tension and sparks national pride more than any other does. Soccer is an outlet for the feelings, tensions and desires of groups, whether they be tribal, regional or national. The battles between teams from different parts of one country—the northwest and south of England, for example—can be just as bitter and divisive as those between rival countries. However, an entire nation will put aside its internal differences and cheer for its national team. All the energy produced by the public, passionate fans and casual viewers alike, causes the World Cup to be a singularly exciting event. Amazingly, 715.1 million people watched the championship match in the last tournament in 2006, even though most of them didn’t come from the two countries playing in that final, Italy and France.
How often is the World Cup held?
(A) Every year.
(B) Every three years.
(C) Every four years.
(D) Every six years.
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核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解,重點是:
- 根據題幹找出明確的時間資訊。
- 辨識頻率片語 once every four years 的意思。
- 理解疑問句 How often ...? 是詢問「多久一次、頻率為何」。
解題方法
題目問:
How often is the World Cup held?
世界盃多久舉辦一次?
直接回到文章尋找描述舉辦頻率的句子:
This soccer tournament features the top 32 teams in the world, and is held once every four years.
這項足球賽事由全世界頂尖的 32 支隊伍參加,並且每四年舉辦一次。
其中 once every four years 意為「每四年一次」,因此答案為 Every four years。
文法上,is held 是被動語態,表示「被舉辦」;once every four years 則是頻率副詞片語,說明舉辦的週期。
關鍵單字與片語
- popular:受歡迎的
- event:事件;活動
- World Cup:世界盃
- sports competition:體育競賽
- soccer tournament:足球錦標賽
- feature:以……為特色;包括
- team:隊伍
- be held:被舉辦
- once every four years:每四年一次
第 34 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The most popular event in the world is probably the World Cup, and it is certainly in first place among sports competitions. This soccer tournament features the top 32 teams in the world, and is held once every four years. The World Cup is unique because soccer is unique. It is played everywhere. And this is the sport that inflames ethnic tension and sparks national pride more than any other does. Soccer is an outlet for the feelings, tensions and desires of groups, whether they be tribal, regional or national. The battles between teams from different parts of one country—the northwest and south of England, for example—can be just as bitter and divisive as those between rival countries. However, an entire nation will put aside its internal differences and cheer for its national team. All the energy produced by the public, passionate fans and casual viewers alike, causes the World Cup to be a singularly exciting event. Amazingly, 715.1 million people watched the championship match in the last tournament in 2006, even though most of them didn’t come from the two countries playing in that final, Italy and France.
If a country is socially divided, what happens when its national team plays?
(A) The different social groups fight over access to the team’s games.
(B) Everyone agrees to stop fighting for just one day until the game is over.
(C) Everyone agrees that it is impossible to cheer for the same team.
(D) Everyone comes together to support the national team.
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核心觀念
本題是閱讀理解題,考查:
- 根據文章內容找出明確訊息。
- 理解轉折語氣與上下文關係。
- 判斷文章中的代名詞與因果關係。
題目問:一個國家內部存在社會分裂時,當該國國家隊出賽,會發生什麼事?
文章指出,足球比賽雖然可能加劇不同族群、地區或國家之間的緊張,但國家隊出賽時,整個國家會暫時放下內部分歧,共同支持國家隊。
解題方法
先鎖定題幹中的關鍵字:
- socially divided:社會分裂的
- national team:國家代表隊
- plays:出賽、比賽
再回到文章中尋找與「內部分歧」及「國家隊」相關的句子。文章明確寫道:
However, an entire nation will put aside its internal differences and cheer for its national team.
翻譯:
然而,整個國家會放下內部分歧,為自己的國家隊加油。
其中:
- However 表示轉折,說明前文提到的內部衝突,並不妨礙全國在國家隊出賽時團結。
- put aside 意為「暫時擱置、放下」。
- internal differences 意為「內部分歧」。
- cheer for 意為「替……加油、支持……」。
因此,正確答案是「大家團結起來支持國家隊」。
選項分析
(A) The different social groups fight over access to the team’s games.
不同社會群體為了取得觀看球隊比賽的機會而爭鬥。
錯誤。文章沒有提到各社會群體爭奪入場資格,也沒有說他們因觀看比賽而發生衝突。文章強調的是全國共同支持國家隊。
(B) Everyone agrees to stop fighting for just one day until the game is over.
大家同意只停止一天的爭鬥,直到比賽結束為止。
錯誤。文章只說全國會「放下內部分歧」,沒有限定為一天,也沒有明確表示只到比賽結束為止。此選項加入了文章未提供的時間限制,屬於過度推論。
(C) Everyone agrees that it is impossible to cheer for the same team.
大家都同意不可能支持同一支球隊。
錯誤。此選項與原文意思完全相反。原文表示全國會支持自己的國家隊,而不是認為不可能支持同一隊。
(D) Everyone comes together to support the national team.
大家團結起來支持國家隊。
正確。此選項直接對應原文:
第 35 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The most popular event in the world is probably the World Cup, and it is certainly in first place among sports competitions. This soccer tournament features the top 32 teams in the world, and is held once every four years. The World Cup is unique because soccer is unique. It is played everywhere. And this is the sport that inflames ethnic tension and sparks national pride more than any other does. Soccer is an outlet for the feelings, tensions and desires of groups, whether they be tribal, regional or national. The battles between teams from different parts of one country—the northwest and south of England, for example—can be just as bitter and divisive as those between rival countries. However, an entire nation will put aside its internal differences and cheer for its national team. All the energy produced by the public, passionate fans and casual viewers alike, causes the World Cup to be a singularly exciting event. Amazingly, 715.1 million people watched the championship match in the last tournament in 2006, even though most of them didn’t come from the two countries playing in that final, Italy and France.
What was remarkable about the large audience for the World Cup final in 2006?
(A) It was made up of the 715.1 million people in Italy and France.
(B) It was mostly made up of non-French and non-Italians.
(C) It was the biggest audience to ever watch a television event.
(D) The audience members were all cheering for one team or the other.
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核心觀念
本題為閱讀理解題,考查:
- 能否從文章中找出與題目直接相關的關鍵句。
- 能否辨識代名詞與否定語意。
- 能否排除過度推論、曲解原文的選項。
題目問:「2006 年世界盃決賽的龐大觀眾群,有何特別之處?」關鍵在於文章最後一句:
“Amazingly, 715.1 million people watched the championship match in the last tournament in 2006, even though most of them didn’t come from the two countries playing in that final, Italy and France.”
翻譯為:
令人驚訝的是,在 2006 年上一屆世界盃的冠軍賽中,有 7 億 1,510 萬人觀賽,儘管其中大多數人並非來自參加該場決賽的兩個國家——義大利與法國。
其中, 指的是「這些觀眾中的大多數」,而 表示「並非來自義大利與法國」。因此,觀眾大多不是法國人或義大利人。
解題方法
先抓題幹中的定位詞:
- :龐大的觀眾群
- :2006 年世界盃決賽
- :值得注意的、非凡的
文章最後一句同時出現:
- 觀眾人數: million。
- 時間:。
- 特殊現象:。
題目問的是「觀眾群有何 remarkable 之處」,答案不是單純重複人數,而是指出這些觀眾大多不屬於參賽兩國。因此選擇與原文語意完全相符的選項。
關鍵單字與片語
- :受歡迎的
- :活動、賽事
- :競賽
- :錦標賽、比賽
- :以……為特色;本文指「包含」
- :被舉行
- :獨特的
- :激化族群緊張
- :激發民族自豪感
- :宣洩……的出口
- :暫時擱置、不計較
- :熱情的球迷
- :一般觀眾、非固定球迷
- :格外令人興奮的
- :冠軍賽、決賽
- :儘管,即使
- :來自
第 36 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
DNA technology, the science of identifying people from their genetic codes, has made a profound difference in the prosecution of crimes. In the past, a man could be found guilty of a violent crime like murder or attempted murder on the basis of eyewitness testimony. However, it has been known for years that this is not a reliable form of evidence. For example, three different people who watch a car accident will often have three versions of what happened, none of which agree. James Bain of Florida understands this all too well. In 1974, he was sentenced to life in prison after a boy who was assaulted said that his attacker had large sideburns on his face and a mustache. This fitted Bain, who had been a student at the same school as the boy who was attacked. There was no clear evidence showing Bain was guilty. Now, a DNA test on the evidence at the trial has proven that Bain was not involved. After 35 years in jail and several previously unsuccessful appeals for DNA testing, Bain was released in 2009.
What does “testimony” in line 3 refer to?
(A) Judgment.
(B) Evidence.
(C) Opinion.
(D) Assumption.
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核心觀念
本題屬於學士後中醫閱讀測驗中的「同義字/字義推斷題(Vocabulary in Context)」。測驗重點在於:
- 單字精準意義與語境搭配:在法律與司法審判語境中,辨識專有名詞 testimony(證詞、口供)的精確語意。
- 前後文邏輯呼應(Contextual Clues):利用下文對應詞彙的「同義轉化(Paraphrasing)」,找出文章中作者用來替代與解釋該名詞的關鍵字。
解題方法
- 定位原文句子:
- 原文第 2–4 行提到:
"In the past, a man could be found guilty of a violent crime like murder or attempted murder on the basis of eyewitness testimony. However, it has been known for years that this is not a reliable form of evidence."
- 中文翻譯:「過去,一個人僅憑目擊者的證詞(testimony),就可能被判定犯下謀殺或蓄意謀殺等重罪。然而,多年來人們都知道這並不是一種可靠的**證據(evidence)**形式。」
- 邏輯推導與同義代換:
- 第一句提出「僅憑目擊者的證詞(eyewitness testimony)即可定罪」。
- 第二句緊接著以代名詞 this 指稱前述的「eyewitness testimony」,並明確指出它不是一種可靠的「證據形式(form of evidence)」。
- 語境上,eyewitness testimony 正是 evidence(法庭證據)的一種具體形式。因此,testimony 在此處最直接指稱的意思即為 Evidence。
選項分析
- (A) Judgment(判決;評判):錯誤。
- 名詞解析:指法官、陪審團或個人在審理與思考後做出的「判決、裁決或裁斷」。
- 語境不符:目擊者提供的是自己在案發現場看到的事實陳述(證詞),而不是做出審判或裁決(那是法官或陪審團的職責)。
第 37 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
DNA technology, the science of identifying people from their genetic codes, has made a profound difference in the prosecution of crimes. In the past, a man could be found guilty of a violent crime like murder or attempted murder on the basis of eyewitness testimony. However, it has been known for years that this is not a reliable form of evidence. For example, three different people who watch a car accident will often have three versions of what happened, none of which agree. James Bain of Florida understands this all too well. In 1974, he was sentenced to life in prison after a boy who was assaulted said that his attacker had large sideburns on his face and a mustache. This fitted Bain, who had been a student at the same school as the boy who was attacked. There was no clear evidence showing Bain was guilty. Now, a DNA test on the evidence at the trial has proven that Bain was not involved. After 35 years in jail and several previously unsuccessful appeals for DNA testing, Bain was released in 2009.
Why is DNA technology important in criminal cases?
(A) It can provide fingerprints of people who committed crimes.
(B) It can identify who committed a crime by showing what they looked like.
(C) It can identify the genes of the people who were not present at a crime.
(D) It can identify the genes of the people who were at the scene of a crime.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨與細節定位」。文章主旨是說明 DNA technology 如何改善刑事案件的證據判定,尤其能透過犯罪現場留下的遺傳物質,辨識涉案者的身分,並避免僅憑不可靠的目擊證詞造成誤判。
文中開頭即定義 DNA technology:
“DNA technology, the science of identifying people from their genetic codes, has made a profound difference in the prosecution of crimes.”
翻譯:DNA 科技是一門藉由人們的遺傳密碼辨識身分的科學,已經對犯罪案件的追訴產生深遠影響。
因此,本題應抓住兩個重點:
- DNA technology 是依據 genetic codes(遺傳密碼、基因資訊)辨識人。
- 刑事案件中的 DNA 證據來自犯罪現場或案件證物,可用來判斷誰曾涉入案件。
解題方法
先閱讀題目問句:
Why is DNA technology important in criminal cases?
意思是:「為什麼 DNA 科技在刑事案件中很重要?」
接著回文章尋找直接說明 DNA 功能的句子:
“DNA technology, the science of identifying people from their genetic codes…”
翻譯:DNA 科技是藉由人們的遺傳密碼來辨識身分的科學。
再結合後文:
“Now, a DNA test on the evidence at the trial has proven that Bain was not involved.”
翻譯:如今,對審判中的證物進行 DNA 檢測,已證明 Bain 並未涉案。
文章藉由 Bain 的案例說明:DNA 檢測能分析犯罪現場或相關證物中的遺傳資訊,確認某人是否在犯罪現場、是否涉入犯罪。因此答案是「辨識曾在犯罪現場的人之基因」。
選項分析
(A) It can provide fingerprints of people who committed crimes.
意思是:「它可以提供犯罪者的指紋。」
錯誤。DNA 與 fingerprints(指紋)是不同種類的身分辨識證據。文章談的是 genetic codes(遺傳密碼)與 DNA test(DNA 檢測),並未表示 DNA 科技能提供指紋。此選項將 DNA 證據與指紋證據混淆。
(B) It can identify who committed a crime by showing what they looked like.
意思是:「它可以藉由顯示犯罪者的外貌,辨識誰犯了罪。」
錯誤。DNA 科技的功能是分析遺傳物質,不是直接顯示一個人的外貌。文章中特別提到 Bain 是因為男孩描述攻擊者有 large sideburns(大片鬢鬚)和 a mustache(鬍子)而被懷疑,但這種目擊描述並不可靠。DNA 檢測的價值正是提供比外貌描述更客觀的證據。
(C) It can identify the genes of the people who were not present at a crime.
意思是:「它可以辨識沒有出現在犯罪現場者的基因。」
錯誤。題幹重點是利用犯罪現場或案件證物中的 DNA,判斷哪些人曾涉案。選項中的 not present at a crime(未出現在犯罪現場)與文章情境相反。Bain 的 DNA 檢測是證明他沒有 involved(涉入)案件,而不是以「未到場者」作為 DNA 科技的主要辨識對象。
第 38 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
DNA technology, the science of identifying people from their genetic codes, has made a profound difference in the prosecution of crimes. In the past, a man could be found guilty of a violent crime like murder or attempted murder on the basis of eyewitness testimony. However, it has been known for years that this is not a reliable form of evidence. For example, three different people who watch a car accident will often have three versions of what happened, none of which agree. James Bain of Florida understands this all too well. In 1974, he was sentenced to life in prison after a boy who was assaulted said that his attacker had large sideburns on his face and a mustache. This fitted Bain, who had been a student at the same school as the boy who was attacked. There was no clear evidence showing Bain was guilty. Now, a DNA test on the evidence at the trial has proven that Bain was not involved. After 35 years in jail and several previously unsuccessful appeals for DNA testing, Bain was released in 2009.
Why is eyewitness testimony a highly questionable form of evidence?
(A) People have a tendency to imagine things that didn’t really happen.
(B) People often have poor vision and cannot see events clearly enough.
(C) People do not all perceive the same event in the same way.
(D) People do not perceive what is important to criminal investigations.
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核心觀念
本題考「閱讀理解中的因果與同義改寫」。題目詢問:為什麼目擊證詞(eyewitness testimony)是高度可疑的證據?
文章指出,目擊者對同一事件的描述常常不一致,因此目擊證詞並不可靠。正確答案必須與文章的明確敘述相符,而不是自行推測目擊者視力或心理狀態。
定位答案的關鍵句
“For example, three different people who watch a car accident will often have three versions of what happened, none of which agree.”
翻譯:
例如,三個觀看車禍經過的不同人士,常常會對發生的事情各自提出三種說法,而且這些說法彼此都不一致。
其中:
- three versions of what happened:對事件經過的三種說法
- none of which agree:這些說法沒有一個彼此相符
- agree 在此不是單純「同意」,而是「一致、相符」
這句直接說明:不同的人對同一事件會有不同的理解與描述,因此目擊證詞不可靠。
解題方法
先將題幹問題改寫成中文:
目擊證詞為什麼是高度可質疑的證據?
再回文章尋找「不可靠的原因」。關鍵句明確指出,三個人目擊同一場車禍,卻會產生三種互不一致的說法。
因此,文章的核心概念是:
同一事件被不同人觀察時,可能產生不同的認知與描述。
這與選項 (C) 完全相符。
選項分析
(A) People have a tendency to imagine things that didn’t really happen.
人們傾向於想像一些實際上沒有發生的事情。
錯誤。文章沒有指出目擊者會憑空想像不存在的事情,只強調不同目擊者對同一事件的描述不一致。此選項加入了文章未提及的「想像不存在的事物」,不是本文理由。
(B) People often have poor vision and cannot see events clearly enough.
人們常常視力不佳,無法充分清楚地看見事件。
錯誤。文章沒有提到視力不良,也沒有說目擊者看不清楚。題幹以車禍為例,重點是不同的人會形成不同版本,而非視力問題。
(C) People do not all perceive the same event in the same way.
人們並不會以相同方式感知同一事件。
正確。這正是關鍵句的同義改寫。三個人觀看同一場車禍,卻提出彼此不一致的說法,表示每個人對同一事件的理解與記憶可能不同。
第 39 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
DNA technology, the science of identifying people from their genetic codes, has made a profound difference in the prosecution of crimes. In the past, a man could be found guilty of a violent crime like murder or attempted murder on the basis of eyewitness testimony. However, it has been known for years that this is not a reliable form of evidence. For example, three different people who watch a car accident will often have three versions of what happened, none of which agree. James Bain of Florida understands this all too well. In 1974, he was sentenced to life in prison after a boy who was assaulted said that his attacker had large sideburns on his face and a mustache. This fitted Bain, who had been a student at the same school as the boy who was attacked. There was no clear evidence showing Bain was guilty. Now, a DNA test on the evidence at the trial has proven that Bain was not involved. After 35 years in jail and several previously unsuccessful appeals for DNA testing, Bain was released in 2009.
What was the deciding factor in James Bain’s conviction?
(A) Bain’s facial hair was the most important piece of evidence.
(B) Bain went to the same school as the boy who was attacked.
(C) Bain’s DNA code was the reason for his release.
(D) Bain’s DNA code was the reason for his conviction.
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核心觀念
本題考的是閱讀理解中的「因果關係與關鍵證據判斷」。
題目問:
What was the deciding factor in James Bain’s conviction?
什麼因素成為 James Bain 被判有罪的決定性因素?
解題重點是區分:
- Bain 具備哪些背景條件;
- 哪一項證據直接使警方或法庭認定他符合犯人的特徵;
- 哪一項資訊是在多年後促成他獲釋。
定位答案的關鍵句
“the boy who was assaulted said that his attacker had large sideburns on his face and a mustache. This fitted Bain”
翻譯為:
「那名遭到攻擊的男孩表示,攻擊者臉上有大片鬢角和鬍鬚。這項描述與 Bain 的外貌相符。」
這兩句直接指出:男孩對犯人臉部毛髮的描述符合 Bain,因此成為定罪的重要決定因素。
相較之下,DNA 檢測是在多年後證明 Bain 無罪,作用是促成釋放,而不是導致當初定罪。
關鍵單字與片語
- DNA technology:DNA 技術
- genetic code:遺傳密碼
- prosecution of crimes:犯罪起訴/刑事案件的追訴
- profound difference:深遠的影響
- be found guilty of:被判犯有……
- violent crime:暴力犯罪
- eyewitness testimony:目擊者證詞
- reliable:可靠的
- evidence:證據
- assault:攻擊、毆打
- attacker:攻擊者
- sideburns:鬢角
- mustache:八字鬍、髭鬍
- fit:符合、與……相符
- be involved:涉入、牽涉其中
- conviction:定罪
- release:釋放
文法與語意重點
- 被動語態
he was sentenced to life in prison
其中 是被動語態,表示「他被判處終身監禁」。
- 現在完成式
it has been known for years
表示「這件事多年來一直為人所知」,強調從過去延續到現在的狀態。
has proven that Bain was not involved
表示 DNA 檢測已經證明 Bain 沒有涉案。
- 代名詞 This 的指涉
第 40 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
DNA technology, the science of identifying people from their genetic codes, has made a profound difference in the prosecution of crimes. In the past, a man could be found guilty of a violent crime like murder or attempted murder on the basis of eyewitness testimony. However, it has been known for years that this is not a reliable form of evidence. For example, three different people who watch a car accident will often have three versions of what happened, none of which agree. James Bain of Florida understands this all too well. In 1974, he was sentenced to life in prison after a boy who was assaulted said that his attacker had large sideburns on his face and a mustache. This fitted Bain, who had been a student at the same school as the boy who was attacked. There was no clear evidence showing Bain was guilty. Now, a DNA test on the evidence at the trial has proven that Bain was not involved. After 35 years in jail and several previously unsuccessful appeals for DNA testing, Bain was released in 2009.
Finally, what happened to James Bain?
(A) He escaped.
(B) He was found guilty.
(C) He was freed.
(D) He was sentenced to life in prison.
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核心觀念
本題是閱讀理解題,考查考生:
- 能否掌握文章事件發展與結論
- 能否根據關鍵句定位答案
- 能否辨識同義表達,例如 released 與 freed 都有「被釋放、獲得自由」之意
文章主旨是:DNA 檢測技術可協助重新判定案件證據,避免僅依賴不可靠的目擊證詞而造成冤獄。James Bain 入獄 35 年後,經 DNA 檢測證明無罪,最後獲得釋放。
解題方法
題目問:
Finally, what happened to James Bain?
最後,James Bain 的下場如何?
應直接尋找文章末段描述 Bain 最後結果的句子:
After 35 years in jail and several previously unsuccessful appeals for DNA testing, Bain was released in 2009.
翻譯:
在監獄中度過 35 年,且先前多次要求進行 DNA 檢測均未成功後,Bain 於 2009 年獲得釋放。
其中 was released 是被動語態,意思是「被釋放」。因此答案是 He was freed.
文法與語意重點
- was released
was + 過去分詞構成過去式被動語態。release是「釋放」。was released是「被釋放、獲得自由」。
- After 35 years in jail
after表示「在……之後」。in jail表示「在監獄中、坐牢」。
- appeals for DNA testing
appeal for + 名詞表示「要求、呼籲……」。previously unsuccessful表示「先前未成功的」。
- proven that Bain was not involved
prove that...表示「證明……」。was not involved表示「未涉入、與案件無關」。
關鍵單字與片語
- DNA technology:DNA 技術
- genetic codes:遺傳密碼
- profound difference:深遠的影響、重大改變
- prosecution of crimes:犯罪起訴、刑事案件的追訴
- violent crime:暴力犯罪
- murder:謀殺
第 作文 題20 分
What do you think of death penalty? Please elaborate in no more than 300 words.
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核心觀念
本題是英文議論文寫作,主題為「死刑存廢」。重點不在表達唯一正確的立場,而在於能否:
- 明確提出個人立場。
- 提供至少兩項具體理由。
- 說明反方觀點並加以回應。
- 使用清楚的段落結構與正式語氣。
- 在 300 字以內完成完整論證。
題幹中的 death penalty 指「死刑」,正式寫法通常加定冠詞,宜寫成:
What do you think of the death penalty?
題幹與語意重點
What do you think of death penalty? Please elaborate in no more than 300 words.
翻譯為:「你對死刑有何看法?請在不超過 300 字內詳細說明。」
其中:
- What do you think of...?:你對……有何看法?
- death penalty:死刑。
- elaborate:詳細說明、闡述。
- in no more than 300 words:不超過 300 字。
- no more than:至多、不多於,表示上限為 300 字。
解題方法
適合採用「五段式議論文」:
第一段:直接表明立場。
第二段:提出第一項理由,例如死刑具有嚇阻犯罪與保護社會的功能。
第三段:提出第二項理由,例如死刑具有應報與公平正義的意義。
第四段:承認反方擔憂,如誤判不可挽回,並提出限制與補救觀點。
第五段:總結立場,重申死刑應在嚴格程序下適用。
文章開頭必須直接回答題目,避免只寫背景。每一段以主題句開始,再用解釋或例子支持,最後以結論收束。全文可控制在約 220 至 260 字,保留文法檢查與修改空間。
文法與語意重點
- 表達意見
- I believe that...
- In my opinion,...
- I support...
- I oppose...
這些句型能清楚呈現立場,避免全文只描述正反意見卻沒有自己的答案。
- 因果關係
- because:因為
- therefore:因此
- as a result:結果
- This is because...:這是因為……
- 讓步與反駁
- Although...,...:雖然……,但是……
- Opponents argue that...:反對者主張……
- However,...:然而……
- Nevertheless,...:儘管如此……
議論文若能處理反方觀點,論證會比單純列舉理由更完整。
- 正式用字
death penalty、serious crimes、wrongful conviction、public safety、criminal justice system、human rights 等詞彙適合正式議論文。應避免使用過度口語的縮寫,例如 don’t、can’t。
參考範文
In my opinion, the death penalty should be retained, but it must be used only in exceptional cases and under strict legal procedures. For extremely violent crimes, such as premeditated murder or terrorism, society has the right to protect innocent people from offenders who pose a permanent danger.
First, the death penalty may deter some potential criminals. Although punishment cannot eliminate crime, severe penalties can make people think carefully before committing a serious offense. Second, it expresses society’s condemnation of crimes that deliberately destroy innocent lives. Families of victims may also feel that justice has been served.