高雄醫學大學 101 年 《英文》
第 1 題1 分
Many critics have charged that the CIA's covert activities have been immoral and hypocritical.
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核心觀念
本題考查字義辨識與語境判斷,關鍵在於理解片語 covert activities 的意思。
- covert:秘密的、隱密的、暗中進行的
- activities:活動、行動
- covert activities:秘密活動、秘密行動
題目中的 CIA 指美國中央情報局,其「秘密行動」通常是不公開、暗中進行的活動,因此與 secret 意義最接近。
解題方法
先定位答案所在的片語:
the CIA's covert activities
CIA 的秘密活動
句中 covert 是形容詞,用來修飾名詞 activities。將各選項代入後,只有 secret 能合理表達「秘密的、非公開的」之意。
完整句意為:
許多批評者指責 CIA 的秘密活動是不道德且虛偽的。
其中:
- charge that...:指責、控告……;在此表示「指責……」
- immoral:不道德的
- hypocritical:虛偽的、表裡不一的
選項分析
(A) emergent
意為「新興的、剛出現的、正在形成的」。
例如:
- an emergent technology:新興科技
- an emergent political movement:正在形成的政治運動
emergent activities 表示「新出現的活動」,與 CIA 暗中進行的活動無關,因此錯誤。
(B) traumatic
意為「造成心理創傷的、令人痛苦難忘的」。
例如:
- a traumatic experience:創傷性的經驗
- a traumatic event:造成創傷的事件
traumatic activities 著重於活動帶來創傷或痛苦,不能表示「秘密活動」,因此錯誤。
(C) virile
意為「有男子氣概的;充滿活力的;具有男性生殖力的」。
例如:
- a virile young man:有男子氣概的年輕男子
- a virile culture:充滿活力的文化
此字通常用來形容男性、性特徵或活力,不能修飾 CIA 的秘密行動,因此錯誤。
第 2 題1 分
Scientists speculate that the greatest impact on the increasing global temperature of the earth is caused by humans.
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核心觀念
本題考查「動詞字義辨析」與「動詞後接 that 子句的語意」。題幹語意是:
Scientists speculate that the greatest impact on the increasing global temperature of the earth is caused by humans.
科學家推測,地球全球氣溫上升的最大影響是由人類造成的。
句中核心動詞為 speculate,意為「推測、猜想」。四個干擾選項中,只有 contemplate 與「思考、推想」的語意最接近,因此官方答案為 B。
解題方法
先抓句意:科學家對全球暖化的主要成因提出推測,空格需要表達「思考、推測」的動詞。
- 「推測、思考」:選 contemplate
- 「離題」:選 digress
- 「減損、轉移注意力」:選 detract
- 「浪費、揮霍」:選 squander
- 「反對、不同意」:選 dissent
其中 contemplate 的基本意思是「沉思、仔細思考」,在本題中延伸為「推想、考慮」。它與題幹所需的「科學家思考全球暖化成因」最符合。
文法與語意重點
句型可分析為:
其中:
- Scientists:主詞「科學家」
- contemplate:動詞「思考、推想」
- that:連接詞,引導名詞子句
- the greatest impact on the increasing global temperature of the earth:對地球全球氣溫上升的最大影響
- is caused by humans:是由人類造成的
關鍵單字與片語
- scientist:科學家
- speculate:推測、猜想
- contemplate:沉思、仔細思考;考慮、推想
- impact:影響、衝擊
- global temperature:全球氣溫
- increasing:正在上升的、增加中的
- be caused by:由……造成
- human:人類;人類的
- digress:離題、偏離主題
- detract:減損、貶低;轉移注意力
- squander:浪費、揮霍
- dissent:不同意、反對;異議
選項分析
(A) digress
digress 是「離題、偏離主題」,常見用法為:
第 3 題1 分
The Labor Union representatives asked the Mayor to endorse their strike by signing a letter of support.
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核心觀念
本題考「近義字辨析」與動詞在語境中的正確使用。
關鍵字 endorse 的意思是「公開支持、贊成、背書」,常用於支持某項政策、候選人、計畫或行動。題幹中市長以簽署支持信的方式表達對罷工的支持,因此應選與 endorse 意義最接近的 approve。
文法結構為:
- ask + 人 + to + 原形動詞:要求某人做某事
- by + V-ing:藉由做某事、透過做某事
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句為:
The Labor Union representatives asked the Mayor to endorse their strike by signing a letter of support.
翻譯:
工會代表要求市長透過簽署一封支持信來表態支持他們的罷工。
其中:
- Labor Union representatives:工會代表
- ask the Mayor to endorse:要求市長支持、背書
- strike:罷工
- sign a letter of support:簽署支持信
「簽署支持信」正是公開表達贊成與支持的行為,因此 endorse 可由 approve 取代。
選項分析
(A) comply:遵從、服從、答應要求
通常用於 comply with + 名詞,表示遵守規定或服從要求。例如:
comply with the regulations
遵守規定
若代入題幹,變成「要求市長透過簽署支持信來服從他們的罷工」,語意不自然。comply 強調服從要求,並不表示公開贊成某項行動,因此錯誤。
(B) undermine:削弱、暗中破壞、損害
此字通常表示削弱權威、信心、力量或努力。例如:
undermine public confidence
削弱大眾信心
若代入題幹,意思會變成市長透過簽署支持信來「削弱」罷工,與工會要求支持罷工的目的相反,因此錯誤。
第 4 題1 分
I am a skeptic about the 12-year compulsory education plan; I need some more proof that it can work.
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核心觀念
本題測驗「進階同義字/近義字代換(Synonym Replacement)」與「語境語意推論(Contextual Clue Analysis)」。
考生須辨識核心名詞 skeptic 的精準意涵,並利用分號後方所給予的補充說明子句(context clue),挑選出最能精確替換該詞的同義詞。
解題方法
- 分析題幹結構與定位關鍵線索:
- 原文:「I am a skeptic about the 12-year compulsory education plan; I need some more proof that it can work.」
- 結構:分號「;」連接兩個對等子句,後句用來補充、解釋前句。
- 線索:後句指出「I need some more proof that it can work(我需要更多證明其切實可行的證據)」,顯示說話者對該政策抱持「懷疑、存疑、不輕易相信」的態度。
- 對應詞義:
- skeptic(名詞):懷疑論者、持懷疑態度的人(someone who doubts that something is true or useful)。
- 在各選項中尋找具有「不相信、懷疑、存疑」核心語意的詞彙,直接對應至 (C) disbeliever(不信者、懷疑者)。
選項分析
- (A) pessimist:悲觀主義者。
錯誤。指習慣將事情往壞處想、預期會有壞結果的人(opposite of optimist)。題幹說話者只是「對政策成效存疑並要求更多證據」,並非直接斷定結果一定悲慘或注定失敗,語意過度延伸且偏離「懷疑」核心。 - (B) optimist:樂觀主義者。
錯誤。指對未來抱持正向積極看法、相信事情會有好結果的人,與題幹表達的懷疑立場完全相反。
第 5 題1 分
Carbon is converted into diamonds under extreme pressure.
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核心觀念
本題測驗後醫英文試題中常見的同義字代換(Vocabulary in Context / Synonym Replacement)與動詞與介系詞搭配(Collocation)。題幹中的劃底線字(或核心目標字)為 converted,考生需在五個選項中找出意義最相近且文法搭配完全吻合的動詞過去分詞。
- 題幹定位與中文翻譯:
"Carbon is converted into diamonds under extreme pressure."
(在極端壓力下,碳會轉化為鑽石。)
- 核心語意與文法搭配:
- convert A into B:將 A 轉變/改造為 B。改為被動態時為 be converted into...(被轉化為……)。
- 句意強調「物質狀態或性質的徹底改變」,在語意上與 transform 構成直接同義字(transform A into B / be transformed into...)。
解題方法
- 分析題幹結構與關鍵詞:
題幹受詞與介系詞結構為is [______] into diamonds。此處需要一個能表示「物質轉變形態」,且在被動語態中常與介系詞 into 搭配及物動詞的過去分詞。 - 語意比對與搭配詞篩選:
在給定的五個動詞中,只有 transform 具備「將……改變、轉化」之意,且習慣搭配介系詞 into(即 ),完全吻合題意與句型。
選項分析
-
(A) banished:錯誤。
-
詞性與字義:動詞過去分詞,意為「被放逐、被驅逐、被消除」。常用搭配為 banish someone from [a place](將某人從某地驅逐)。
-
排除原因:語意完全不合,且文法不與 into 搭配表示轉化。
-
(B) waned:錯誤。
-
詞性與字義:動詞過去分詞(原形為 wane),意為「(月亮)虧缺、(權力、熱情等)衰退、減弱」。
第 6 題1 分
Lady Gaga’s rise to fame was quite _____—in just a few years, she was a household name.
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核心觀念
本題考查高級形容詞詞義辨析與破折號(dash)前後的語境邏輯推論。
題幹中出現「破折號」作為同位說明或補充解釋的訊號,考生需掌握「以已知線索推導未知空格」的閱讀理解能力,並精確掌握後西醫英文高頻形容詞的確切語義與搭配用法。
解題方法
- 結構分析與語境定位:
- 題幹主句:「Lady Gaga’s rise to fame was quite _____」(女神卡卡的成名之路相當……)。
- 補充說明:「—in just a few years, she was a household name.」(——短短幾年之內,她就成為了家喻戶曉的人物)。
- 語意線索推導:
- 破折號後的子句明確指出其崛起的速度與影響力:僅用「短短幾年」(in just a few years),就達到了「家喻戶曉」(a household name)的境界。
- 這是一種異乎尋常、令人驚嘆的巨大成就。因此,空格必須填入能形容「非凡的、驚人的、卓越的」之正面形容詞。
- 選項 (E) phenomenal 意為「非凡的、極為傑出的、驚人的」,與題幹語意完美契合。
關鍵字詞解析
- rise to fame (phr.):聲名鵲起、成名之路。
- household name (phr.):家喻戶曉的人(或名字、品牌)。
- phenomenal (adj.):非凡的、傑出的、驚人的(常形容成功、成長或才華)。
- challenging (adj.):具挑戰性的、艱鉅的。
- enabling (adj.):使能夠的、促進的、授權的。
- imaginary (adj.):虛構的、想像的。
- modern (adj.):現代的、當代的。
選項分析
- (A) challenging(具挑戰性的、困難的):
第 7 題1 分
The single most important _____ of your lifetime—the purchase of your first house—should not be conducted without the expertise and assistance of trained and licensed professionals.
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核心觀念
本題考「語意判斷」與「名詞搭配」。空格前有 the single most important,空格後接 of your lifetime,需要填入能代表「一生中最重要的一筆交易/買賣」的名詞。
題幹以破折號補充說明:
the purchase of your first house
購買人生第一棟房屋
因此,空格中的名詞必須能與 the purchase of your first house 對應,且能搭配後面的 conducted(進行、辦理)。
解題方法
先抓破折號後的同位語:
The single most important _____ of your lifetime—the purchase of your first house—
破折號內的 the purchase of your first house 是對空格名詞的具體說明,也就是「購買第一棟房屋」這件事屬於某種重要的活動。
接著觀察動詞搭配:
a transaction is conducted
進行一筆交易
英文常用 conduct a transaction 表示「進行交易、辦理交易」。購買房屋涉及買方、賣方、契約、付款與法律程序,正是正式的 transaction。
完整句意為:
你一生中最重要的一筆交易——購買人生第一棟房屋——不應在沒有受過訓練且持有執照的專業人士提供專業知識與協助的情況下進行。
選項分析
(A) interpretation
interpretation 意為「解釋、詮釋、翻譯」。
例如:
- an interpretation of a poem
一首詩的詮釋 - simultaneous interpretation
simultanous interpretation 口譯
購買房屋不是一種「解釋」或「詮釋」,而且 conduct an interpretation 也不是本句合適的搭配。因此不選。
(B) transaction
transaction 意為「交易、買賣、業務往來」,特別指涉及金錢、契約或財產移轉的正式行為。
購買房屋通常包括:
- 房屋買賣雙方
- 買賣契約
- 金錢支付
- 所有權移轉
- 法律及金融程序
因此,the purchase of your first house 是一筆重要的 transaction。此外,conduct a transaction 是自然且正式的搭配,完全符合語意與文法。
(C) stereotype
stereotype 意為「刻板印象、固定模式」,也可作動詞表示「使形成刻板印象」。
例如:
- racial stereotypes
種族刻板印象 - a stereotype of an old-fashioned teacher
對老派教師的刻板形象
第 8 題1 分
The summer sun in Kaohsiung can be _____, so it is important to apply some sun block to your skin before going out.
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核心觀念
本題考查「語境判斷」與形容詞的語意搭配。
句型為:
The summer sun in Kaohsiung can be _____.
can be + 形容詞 表示「……可能是……」。空格應填入能描述夏季陽光或高溫感受的形容詞。後句提到:
it is important to apply some sun block to your skin before going out.
意為「出門前在皮膚上塗抹防曬乳很重要」,可知前句是在強調高雄夏季陽光炎熱、炙熱,因此應選 scorching。
題幹定位與翻譯
The summer sun in Kaohsiung can be scorching, so it is important to apply some sun block to your skin before going out.
翻譯:
高雄的夏日陽光可能非常炙熱,因此出門前在皮膚上塗些防曬乳很重要。
scorching 表示「極熱的、炙熱的、灼熱的」,可用來形容陽光、天氣或高溫。
解題方法
先觀察句型:
因此空格須填入形容詞。再利用語意線索判斷:
- 主詞是
The summer sun,表示「夏日陽光」。 - 後句提到
sun block(防曬乳),顯示陽光強烈、炎熱。 scorching sun是自然且常見的搭配,意思是「炙熱的陽光」。
所以答案為 scorching。
選項分析
(A) brightening
brightening 是 brighten 的現在分詞,表示「使變明亮的」或「逐漸變明亮的」。
brightening sun 可在特定語境中表示「使某處變明亮的太陽」,但本題句型是描述高雄夏日陽光的炎熱程度,且後句提到防曬,並非強調光線使環境變亮,因此語意不合。
(B) deadly
deadly 表示「致命的、非常危險的」。
第 9 題1 分
Cloud computing has been a popular _____ for the past few years, yet to many it remains a fuzzy concept.
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核心觀念
本題考「語境中的字義判斷」與「名詞搭配」。
題幹描述 cloud computing(雲端運算)近年非常流行,但對許多人而言仍是模糊的概念。此處需要一個能表示「流行用語、熱門術語」的名詞,因此答案是 buzzword。
buzzword 指「流行用語、時髦術語、熱門話題詞」,常用來形容一個受到廣泛討論、常被使用,但實際意義未必人人清楚的詞語或概念。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句:
Cloud computing has been a popular _____ for the past few years, yet to many it remains a fuzzy concept.
翻譯:
雲端運算在過去幾年一直是很流行的熱門用語,然而對許多人而言,它仍然是一個模糊的概念。
句中的 yet 表示轉折,前半句說 cloud computing 很流行,後半句卻說它對許多人而言仍很模糊。這種「廣為流行,但含義不夠明確」的語意,正符合 buzzword 的定義。
解題方法
先觀察空格前後:
a popular _____:空格需要填入可數單數名詞。yet ... it remains a fuzzy concept:後半句說明前面的名詞應與「流行但意義模糊的概念或用語」有關。
將選項代入:
Cloud computing has been a popular buzzword ...
意思是:
雲端運算一直是熱門流行用語……
再搭配後面的「仍是模糊概念」,語意完整且自然,因此選 (B)。
選項分析
(A) activity
activity:活動、行為、活動事項。
若填入:
Cloud computing has been a popular activity ...
意思會變成:
雲端運算一直是一項受歡迎的活動。
雲端運算是一種技術或概念,不是此處所指的休閒活動或實際活動;而且後面的 it remains a fuzzy concept 也不適合用來解釋一項活動。故不選。
(B) buzzword
buzzword:流行用語、熱門術語、時髦字眼。
填入後:
Cloud computing has been a popular buzzword for the past few years, yet to many it remains a fuzzy concept.
意思是:
雲端運算在過去幾年一直是熱門術語,但對許多人而言仍是模糊的概念。
「受到廣泛討論」與「實際意義不清楚」正是 buzzword 的典型語意,故為正確答案。
第 10 題1 分
When the New York Knicks lost their chance to play in the final game, _____ among the players and the fans was very low.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 字義辨析:
affect、effect、impact、laughter、morale。 - 語意搭配:根據「球隊失去進入決賽的機會」判斷球員與球迷的心理狀態。
- 句型辨識:空格後的
was very low表示空格應為單數名詞,作為主詞。
morale 意為「士氣、情緒、精神狀態」,常用搭配為:
- team morale:團隊士氣
- employee morale:員工士氣
- high morale:士氣高昂
- low morale:士氣低落
因此,球隊無法參加決賽後,球員與球迷的「士氣」很低,語意最合理。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句:
When the New York Knicks lost their chance to play in the final game, morale among the players and the fans was very low.
翻譯:
當紐約尼克隊失去參加決賽的機會時,球員與球迷之間的士氣非常低落。
其中:
lost their chance to play in the final game:失去參加決賽的機會among the players and the fans:在球員與球迷之間was very low:非常低落
失去重要比賽資格後,受到影響的是群體的「士氣」,因此填入 morale。
解題方法
先觀察句型:
_____ among the players and the fans was very low.
空格是全句主詞,後方接單數動詞 was,因此需要填入可作單數名詞的字。
接著依語境判斷:
- 主詞應表示球員與球迷的某種集體心理狀態。
very low常與morale搭配,表示「士氣低落」。- 前面的
lost their chance是造成失望、士氣低落的原因。
完整句為:
When the New York Knicks lost their chance to play in the final game, morale among the players and the fans was very low.
選項分析
(A) affect
affect 最常見的用法是動詞,意為「影響」:
The loss affected the players.
意思是「這場失利影響了球員」。
本題空格位於主詞位置,後面接 was very low,需要名詞。affect 作名詞時是心理學用語,指「情感表現、情緒反應」,並非一般英文中表示球員與球迷「士氣」的自然用字,因此不符合本題語意與慣用搭配。
(B) effect
effect 是名詞,意為「效果、影響、結果」;也可作動詞,意為「促成、實現」。
例如:
第 11 題1 分
Drenching rain and seemingly bottomless mud _____ the work of the road construction crew.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 動詞字義與語境判斷
- 固定搭配與句意邏輯
- 主詞與動詞的基本結構
句型為:
Drenching rain and seemingly bottomless mud _____ the work of the road construction crew.
主詞是 Drenching rain and seemingly bottomless mud,由兩個名詞以 and 連接,後面需要填入一個過去式動詞,描述大雨與泥濘對道路施工造成的影響。
解題方法
先判斷句意:
- Drenching rain:傾盆大雨、滂沱大雨
- seemingly bottomless mud:看似深不見底的泥濘
- the work of the road construction crew:道路施工人員的工作
大雨與泥濘會使道路施工變得困難、延宕,因此空格應填入「妨礙、阻礙」之意的動詞。
定位答案的關鍵句為:
Drenching rain and seemingly bottomless mud hampered the work of the road construction crew.
翻譯:
傾盆大雨和看似深不見底的泥濘,妨礙了道路施工人員的工作。
選項分析
(A) improvised
意為「即興創作的;臨時拼湊的」,也可作動詞,表示「即興演出、臨時應付」。
例如:
The actors improvised their dialogue.
意為「演員即興創作台詞」。
大雨與泥濘不會「即興創作」道路施工人員的工作,語意不合。
(B) flaunted
意為「炫耀、誇示」。
例如:
He flaunted his wealth.
意為「他炫耀自己的財富」。
第 12 題1 分
She suffered eight years for no fault of her own, being falsely accused of theft. Last month, the District Court finally _____ her of all the charges, thus relieving her and her family of a big load which they had carried for eight years.
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核心觀念
本題考查「法律語境中的動詞搭配」與字義辨析。
句型為:
absolve + 人 + of + 罪責/指控
absolve 表示「免除某人的罪責、宣告某人無罪、解除某人的責任」。因此:
absolve her of all the charges
免除她所受到的所有指控/宣告她不必承擔所有罪責
題幹描述她被誣控偷竊,且法院最後解除她的罪名,正符合 absolve 的語意。
解題方法
先抓空格前後的關鍵語境:
being falsely accused of theft
被誣告偷竊
以及:
thus relieving her and her family of a big load
因而使她和家人卸下長年背負的沉重負擔
既然她是遭到錯誤指控,法院最後應該是「判定她沒有罪責、解除她的指控」。能與 her of all the charges 搭配,且符合語意的選項是 absolved。
完整句子為:
Last month, the District Court finally absolved her of all the charges, thus relieving her and her family of a big load which they had carried for eight years.
翻譯:
上個月,地方法院終於免除了她所受到的所有指控,因而使她和家人卸下這個已經背負八年的沉重負擔。
其中 which they had carried for eight years 使用過去完成式,表示這項心理壓力在法院判決前已持續背負八年。
選項分析
(A) assailed
assail 意為「猛烈攻擊、抨擊、攻訐」。
例如:
The policy was assailed by the opposition.
這項政策遭到反對黨猛烈抨擊。
assailed her of all the charges 不符合一般固定搭配,也與「解除指控」的語意相反。故錯誤。
(B) demoralized
demoralize 意為「使士氣低落、使氣餒、使意志消沉」。
例如:
The repeated failures demoralized the team.
一再的失敗使團隊士氣低落。
demoralized her of all the charges 不符合 demoralize 的句型,也不能表示法院判她無罪。故錯誤。
(C) tainted
taint 意為「玷污、敗壞、使受到污染」。
例如:
第 13 題1 分
Since 1979, when satellite data first became available, regional temperature trends have _____ the notion of global warming: the statistical trend shows no change in the tropics and a decrease in temperature in Antarctica.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「語意邏輯」。句意指出:自 1979 年衛星資料開始取得以來,區域溫度趨勢顯示熱帶地區沒有變化、南極洲溫度下降,因此這些資料是對「全球暖化」概念的反駁。
關鍵結構為:
regional temperature trends have _____ the notion of global warming
主詞為複數的 regional temperature trends,搭配現在完成式:
have + 過去分詞
空格需要填入能表示「反駁、否定」意義,且可直接接受詞 the notion 的動詞。
解題方法
先觀察冒號後面的解釋:
the statistical trend shows no change in the tropics and a decrease in temperature in Antarctica.
翻譯為:
統計趨勢顯示,熱帶地區沒有變化,而南極洲的溫度則下降。
「熱帶地區沒有升溫、南極洲甚至降溫」與「全球暖化」的概念互相矛盾。因此前半句應表達「區域溫度趨勢反駁了全球暖化的說法」。
最符合語意的動詞是 refuted,完整句意為:
自 1979 年衛星資料首次取得以來,區域溫度趨勢一直反駁全球暖化的概念。
選項分析
(A) alluded
allude to 意為「暗示、間接提及」,通常必須搭配介系詞 to:
allude to something
句中為:
have alluded the notion
缺少必要的 to,文法上不成立;即使改成 alluded to the notion,也只是「暗示這個概念」,無法表達冒號後所呈現的否定、反駁關係。
(B) refuted
refute 意為「反駁、駁斥」,可直接接受詞:
refute an argument
refute a claim
refute a notion
refuted the notion of global warming 表示「反駁全球暖化的概念」,符合文法與上下文邏輯,因此正確。
(C) coerced
coerce 意為「脅迫、強迫」,常見結構為:
coerce someone into doing something
第 14 題1 分
In their most recent performance, the Cloud Gate dancers gave us a fabulous performance that far _____ our expectation.
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核心觀念
本題考「動詞語意與固定搭配」:
- surpass:超越,勝過
- far surpass:遠遠超越,大幅勝過
- expectation:期待,預期;本句中指觀眾原先對演出的期待
句型為:
主詞 + far + 過去式動詞 + 受詞
句中主詞為 the Cloud Gate dancers,動詞應使用過去式,表示「舞者在最近一次演出中的表現,遠遠超出我們的期待」。
解題方法
先找出句子的核心結構:
the Cloud Gate dancers gave us a fabulous performance that far _____ our expectation
關係代名詞 that 指前面的 a fabulous performance,因此空格後的動詞主詞是「這場精彩的演出」,受詞是 our expectation。
語意為:
這場演出遠遠「超過」我們的期待。
能表達「超越、勝過」的動詞是 surpass,過去式仍為 surpassed,因此選 (D)。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句:
In their most recent performance, the Cloud Gate dancers gave us a fabulous performance that far surpassed our expectation.
翻譯:
在他們最近的一次演出中,雲門舞集舞者帶給我們一場精彩的表演,遠遠超出了我們的期待。
其中 far surpassed our expectation 是判斷答案的關鍵,意思是「遠遠超越我們的期待」。
選項分析
(A) assessed
assess 意為「評估、評量、估算」。
assess our expectation
評估我們的期待
句意會變成「這場演出遠遠評估了我們的期待」,語意不通。演出可以超越期待,不能「評估」期待,因此錯誤。
(B) bestowed
bestow 意為「授予、賜予」,常見搭配為:
- bestow an honor:授予榮譽
- bestow a gift:贈予禮物
- bestow a title:授予頭銜
bestow our expectation
賜予我們的期待
本句不是「演出授予期待」,而是「演出超越期待」,搭配與語意均不成立,因此錯誤。
(C) disclosed
disclose 意為「揭露、透露、公開」。
常見搭配為:
第 15 題1 分
The question of whether diplomats should be fully _____ from criminal prosecution, no matter what the alleged crime, is one that is neither new nor free from dispute.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與固定搭配,關鍵結構是:
be immune from + 名詞
immune from 表示「免於……;不受……影響」,可用於法律、疾病、批評、懲罰等語境。
句中主詞為 diplomats,語意是在討論「外交官是否應完全免於刑事起訴」。因此空格需填入形容詞 immune。
解題方法
先觀察空格位置:
diplomats should be fully _____ from criminal prosecution
should be 後面需要接形容詞,形成主詞補語;fully 是副詞,用來修飾後面的形容詞。
再根據搭配判斷:
be fully immune from criminal prosecution
完全免於刑事起訴
criminal prosecution 意為「刑事起訴」,與外交官的外交豁免權相關,語意完整且自然。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵句為:
The question of whether diplomats should be fully immune from criminal prosecution, no matter what the alleged crime, is one that is neither new nor free from dispute.
翻譯:
外交官是否應完全免於刑事起訴,不論被指控的罪行為何,這個問題既不是新問題,也不是毫無爭議的問題。
其中:
the question of whether ...:是否……的問題diplomats:外交官be fully immune from ...:完全免於……criminal prosecution:刑事起訴no matter what ...:不論……為何alleged crime:被指控的罪行neither A nor B:既不 A 也不 Bfree from dispute:沒有爭議
選項分析
(A) implicit
implicit 是形容詞,意為「含蓄的;未明說的;內含的」。
例如:
an implicit agreement
默契;未明說的協議
填入後成為:
be fully implicit from criminal prosecution
implicit from 不是表示「免於」的正確搭配,且「刑事起訴是含蓄的」不合乎句意,因此錯誤。
(B) imminent
第 16 題1 分
In the recent French presidential elections, the incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy _____ defeat minutes after the polls closed.
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核心觀念
本題考「動詞與名詞的固定搭配」及上下文語意判斷。
句中主詞是 the incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy,空格後接名詞 defeat。表示「承認自己敗選」時,英文固定用語為:
concede defeat = 承認失敗/認輸/承認敗選
因此答案為 conceded。由於句子敘述的是過去的總統大選,動詞使用過去式。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句:
In the recent French presidential elections, the incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy conceded defeat minutes after the polls closed.
翻譯:
在最近的法國總統大選中,現任總統尼古拉・薩科齊在投票結束幾分鐘後承認敗選。
其中:
- recent:最近的
- French presidential elections:法國總統大選
- incumbent:現任者;現任官員
- concede defeat:承認失敗、承認敗選
- minutes after:……幾分鐘後
- polls closed:投票所關閉;投票結束
「投票結束後,候選人承認敗選」符合政治選舉的語境,因此應選 conceded。
解題方法
先觀察空格後的名詞 defeat,再判斷哪個動詞能與它形成自然且符合語意的搭配。
原本有「讓步、承認」之意;在選舉或競賽語境中,concede defeat 表示承認自己已經失敗。句子主詞 Sarkozy 是敗選的一方,因此:
意思是「薩科齊承認敗選」。
此外,conceded 是過去式,與整句描述過去發生的選舉事件相符。
選項分析
(A) accorded
accord 可作動詞,表示「給予、使一致、符合」,例如 accord someone respect(給予某人尊重)或 accord with(與……一致)。
第 17 題1 分
Ever since the publication of Charles Darwin’s theory, people have questioned whether evolution is _____ with faith in God.
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題幹定位與翻譯
Ever since the publication of Charles Darwin’s theory, people have questioned whether evolution is _____ with faith in God.
自從查爾斯・達爾文的理論出版以來,人們一直質疑「演化是否與對上帝的信仰相容」。
空格位於 is _____ with 結構中,後面接 with faith in God,因此需要填入能與 with 搭配,且語意為「相容、相符合」的形容詞。
核心觀念
本題考兩項重點:
- 字義辨識:判斷哪個形容詞能表達「相容、並存」。
- 形容詞搭配:
be compatible with A = 與 A 相容、與 A 並存、符合 A
句中:
- evolution:演化
- faith in God:對上帝的信仰
- be compatible with:與……相容/並不衝突
因此,句意是探討「演化論是否與宗教信仰衝突」,空格應填 compatible。
解題方法
先觀察空格後的介系詞 with:
代入後:
whether evolution is compatible with faith in God
意思是「演化是否與對上帝的信仰相容」,符合整句的語意與文法。
完整翻譯為:
自從查爾斯・達爾文的理論出版以來,人們一直質疑演化是否與對上帝的信仰相容。
選項分析
(A) compatible
compatible 作形容詞,意為「相容的、相合的、不衝突的」。常見搭配為:
- be compatible with:與……相容
- compatible systems:相容的系統
- compatible beliefs:相容的信念
evolution is compatible with faith in God 表示「演化與對上帝的信仰可以並存」,文法、搭配與語意皆正確。
(B) complacent
complacent 意為「自滿的、安於現狀的」,通常形容人的態度或心理狀態,例如:
- a complacent attitude:自滿的態度
- become complacent:變得自滿
英文不說 be complacent with faith in God 來表示「與信仰相容」;而且「演化是自滿的」也不符合語意,因此錯誤。
(C) tangible
第 18 題1 分
A report newly released estimates that food _____ cause $14 billion in medical costs and lost wages in the United States yearly.
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核心觀念
本題考「語意辨識」與生物醫學相關字彙。句意是:一份新近發布的報告估計,食源性病原體每年在美國造成 140 億美元的醫療費用與工資損失。
空格後接的是動詞 cause,因此空格需要填入能夠「造成食源性疾病」的名詞複數。四個主要干擾字都與生物或遺傳有關,但只有 pathogens 精確表示「病原體」。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹關鍵句:
A report newly released estimates that food _____ cause
第 19 題1 分
In a(n) _____, prompt and effective action must be taken to deal with a number of serious problems, now, in order to avoid disaster.
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核心觀念
本題考查慣用片語與語境判斷,關鍵是:
- in a nutshell:簡言之;扼要地說;總而言之
- prompt:迅速的、立即的
- effective:有效的
- take action:採取行動
- deal with:處理、應付
- a number of:許多
- serious problems:嚴重問題
- avoid disaster:避免災難
其中 in a nutshell 是固定片語,不能任意替換其中的名詞。
解題方法
先觀察句首:
In a(n) _____, prompt and effective action must be taken to deal with a number of serious problems, now, in order to avoid disaster.
簡言之,現在必須採取迅速而有效的行動,處理許多嚴重問題,以避免災難。
句首的 In a(n) _____ 需要填入能構成慣用語的名詞。只有 nutshell 能組成固定片語 in a nutshell,作為整句的插入性副詞片語,表示「簡單地說、總而言之」。
因此答案為 (A) nutshell。
另外,題目寫成 a(n) 是為了配合不同選項的冠詞需求。nutshell 的開頭是子音音,正確形式為 a nutshell。
選項分析
(A) nutshell
nutshell 原意是「堅果的外殼」,但 in a nutshell 是慣用片語,意思是「簡言之、扼要地說」。
放入句中:
In a nutshell, prompt and effective action must be taken...
語意為:
簡言之,現在必須採取迅速而有效的行動……
句法與語意皆成立,故為正確答案。
(B) significance
significance 意為「重要性、意義、重大性」。
第 20 題1 分
In many developing countries, rural-to-urban _____ is another cause of the increasing rate of child labor.
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核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與固定搭配。題幹結構為:
In many developing countries, rural-to-urban _____ is another cause of the increasing rate of child labor.
其中 rural-to-urban 意為「由鄉村到都市的」,後面需要接一個表示人口移動的名詞,形成「鄉村人口向都市移動」的概念。
migration 意為「遷移、移居」,因此 rural-to-urban migration 是常見片語,指「城鄉移民」或「農村人口都市化遷移」。
題幹定位與翻譯
關鍵線索是:
rural-to-urban migration
翻譯為「由鄉村到都市的遷移」。
完整句意:
In many developing countries, rural-to-urban migration is another cause of the increasing rate of child labor.
「在許多開發中國家,農村人口向都市遷移是童工比例增加的另一項原因。」
當農村家庭移居都市,可能面臨失業、低薪、居住不穩定等問題,兒童因此被迫工作以增加家庭收入,這正符合後半句 the increasing rate of child labor「童工比例增加」的語意。
解題方法
先觀察 rural-to-urban 的方向性。這個結構表示「從農村到都市的移動」,因此空格應填入與人口移動相關的名詞。
再將各選項代入:
rural-to-urban migration:農村到都市的遷移,語意通順。- 其餘選項分別表示隔離、審問、說服、融合,均無法合理描述人口由農村移往都市的現象。
因此選擇 migration。
選項分析
(A) isolation
意為「隔離、孤立」。rural-to-urban isolation 可理解成「農村到都市的隔離」,但 isolation 表示被分隔、與他人隔絕
第 21 題1 分
Elizabeth Taylor was very active with her charity work _____ those suffering with AIDS.
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核心觀念
本題考「介系詞片語的語意辨識」,需依據句意判斷哪一個片語能表達「為了幫助某群人、代表某群人」的意思。
句型為:
Elizabeth Taylor was very active with her charity work _____ those suffering with AIDS.
其中:
- be active with one’s charity work:積極投入慈善工作
- charity work:慈善工作
- those suffering with AIDS:那些罹患 AIDS、正在承受 AIDS 痛苦的人
- on behalf of:代表;為了……的利益
完整句意是:Elizabeth Taylor 積極投入慈善工作,為的是幫助那些罹患 AIDS 的人。
解題方法
先判斷空格前後的語意關係:
Elizabeth Taylor 的慈善工作,是替 AIDS 患者爭取權益、提供援助,屬於「為了某人的利益」或「代表某人」的關係。因此應填入表示「代表、為了……的利益」的 on behalf of。
完整句子為:
Elizabeth Taylor was very active with her charity work on behalf of those suffering with AIDS.
翻譯:
Elizabeth Taylor 積極投入為 AIDS 患者爭取利益、提供援助的慈善工作。
選項分析
(A) in exchange for
意思是「以……交換;交換……」。
例如:
He gave me his book in exchange for my magazine.
他用他的書交換我的雜誌。
代入原句後,會變成「她以慈善工作交換 AIDS 患者」,語意不合理,因此錯誤。
(B) in spite of
意思是「儘管;不顧」。
例如:
第 22 題1 分
Stronger measures have been taken to _____ violent crimes and drug trafficking.
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核心觀念
本題考「動詞片語(phrasal verbs)」的語意判斷,必須根據句意選出能與 violent crimes and drug trafficking 搭配的片語。
題幹:
Stronger measures have been taken to _____ violent crimes and drug trafficking.
已經採取更強硬的措施,以遏止暴力犯罪與毒品交易。
其中,to 後面接原形動詞,形成目的副詞片語,表示「為了……」。空格後的受詞是 violent crimes and drug trafficking,因此空格應填入具有「降低、遏止」含義的動詞片語。
解題方法
先抓住句意關鍵:
- Stronger measures:更強硬的措施
- have been taken:已經被採取
- to ...:為了……
- violent crimes and drug trafficking:暴力犯罪與毒品交易
「採取更強硬的措施」通常是為了「降低、遏止犯罪與毒品交易」。選項中只有 bring down 能表示「使下降、降低、遏止」。
因此:
bring down violent crimes and drug trafficking
降低/遏止暴力犯罪與毒品交易
選項分析
(A) set up
set up 的意思是「建立、設立、架設」,例如:
- set up a company:成立公司
- set up a new system:建立新制度
- set up a tent:搭帳篷
若代入題幹:
measures have been taken to set up violent crimes and drug trafficking
變成「採取措施來建立暴力犯罪與毒品交易」,與語意完全相反,因此錯誤。
(B) bring down
bring down 可表示:
- 使下降、降低
- 推翻政權或擊倒某人
- 遏止、打擊犯罪或不良現象
本題中的受詞是犯罪與毒品交易,適用「降低、遏止」的意思:
bring down violent crimes and drug trafficking
降低/遏止暴力犯罪與毒品交易
句意通順且符合邏輯,因此正確。
(C) give in
give in 是不及物動詞片語,意思是「屈服、讓步、投降」,常見用法為:
第 23 題1 分
Not only had her demeanor and interests changed, but also it seemed as if she _____ a completely different person after her accident.
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核心觀念
本題涉及兩個重點:
- Not only ... but also ... 的倒裝句型。
- as if 引導的假設語氣與時態。
題幹前半句為:
Not only had her demeanor and interests changed, but also it seemed as if she _____ a completely different person after her accident.
不僅她的舉止與興趣改變了,而且她在事故後似乎已經成為完全不同的人。
其中,had her demeanor and interests changed 是因 Not only 置於句首所形成的倒裝,還原後為:
Her demeanor and interests had changed.
解題方法
先判斷語意:事故發生後,她的舉止與興趣已經改變,給人的感覺是她「已經成為」另一個人。因此最自然的英文應為:
It seemed as if she had become a completely different person after her accident.
其中 had become 是過去完成式,表示「在過去某一時間點之前已經完成的變化」。
然而,題目提供的選項中沒有 had become。官方答案指定為 (D) had lived,但校方正式釋疑為:
題目有誤 本題送分
因此,本題並不存在合乎文法與語意的完整正解;官方處理方式是送分。
選項分析
(A) would have become
would have become 是過去將來完成式,常見於第三類條件句或間接引述,例如:
She would have become a doctor if she had continued her studies.
本題沒有條件句,也沒有「原本將會成為」的語意;此外,句子需要表達事故後已經發生的狀態變化,因此不適合使用 would have become。
(B) might become
might become 表示「可能會成為」,屬於情態動詞加原形動詞,通常指未來或不確定的變化。
本題的語境是事故發生後,旁人觀察到她已經產生變化,應使用完成式表達已完成的改變,而不是 might become。
(C) become
become 是原形動詞。若放在 as if she 後面,缺少適當的助動詞或時態標記,不能直接構成完整句子。若要表達「似乎已經成為」,應為:
as if she had become ...
因此單獨使用 become 不合文法。
(D) had lived
had lived 形式上是過去完成式,與「事故後已經發生變化」的時間概念相近;若句子是:
第 24 題1 分
According to sociologists, contemporary legends or folktales, _____ rather than ghosts and goblins, preserve the basic structure of classic horror tales.
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核心觀念
本題考「分詞片語修飾名詞」與「主要子句動詞判斷」。
題幹主幹為:
contemporary legends or folktales, _____ rather than ghosts and goblins, preserve the basic structure of classic horror tales.
主要動詞是 preserve,主詞是複數的 contemporary legends or folktales。空格內容應作為修飾主詞的補充說明,不能再放入另一個完整的限定動詞。
解題方法
選項 B:
dealing with current technology
是現在分詞片語,可視為關係子句的簡化:
contemporary legends or folktales which deal with current technology
簡化規則是:關係代名詞作主詞時,將關係代名詞與 be 動詞省略,主要動詞改為現在分詞:
which deal with current technology
→ dealing with current technology
因此句型為:
主詞 + 分詞片語修飾語 + 主要動詞
完整結構如下:
- 主詞:contemporary legends or folktales
- 修飾語:dealing with current technology
- 主要動詞:preserve
- 比較對象:rather than ghosts and goblins
加入 B 後,完整句意為:
According to sociologists, contemporary legends or folktales, dealing with current technology rather than ghosts and goblins, preserve the basic structure of classic horror tales.
翻譯:
根據社會學家的說法,當代傳說或民間故事所處理的是現代科技,而不是鬼魂與妖怪,但它們仍保留了經典恐怖故事的基本結構。
選項分析
(A) which deals with current technology
錯誤。此選項若作關係子句,關係代名詞 which 的先行詞是複數的 contemporary legends or folktales,因此動詞應使用複數形 deal,不能使用單數形 deals。
正確形式應為:
which deal with current technology
此外,題幹已有主要動詞 preserve,空格若放完整關係子句,雖然句法上可形成插入的非限定關係子句,但本選項仍因主詞與動詞不一致而錯誤。
(B) dealing with current technology
第 25 題1 分
Higher standards of health care mean people are living longer. _____, birth rates in many countries are declining, so the world’s populations are aging.
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核心觀念
本題考「轉承副詞」與「從屬連接詞」的區別,以及上下句之間的語意關係。
前句說明:醫療照護標準提高,使人類壽命延長。
後句補充另一個同時發生的全球人口趨勢:許多國家的出生率下降,因此世界人口逐漸老化。
空格後有逗號,且空格前已有句號,因此此處需要能獨立放在句首、銜接兩個完整句子的副詞。最適合的是 Meanwhile,意為「與此同時」。
解題方法
先判斷句型:
Higher standards of health care mean people are living longer. _____, birth rates in many countries are declining, so the world’s populations are aging.
句號已將前後分成兩個完整句子。空格後的主句是:
birth rates in many countries are declining
因此空格應填可獨立修飾整個句子的轉承副詞,表達「同時,另一項相關趨勢也正在發生」。
填入 Meanwhile:
Higher standards of health care mean people are living longer. Meanwhile, birth rates in many countries are declining, so the world’s populations are aging.
翻譯為:
醫療照護標準提高,表示人們的壽命變長了。與此同時,許多國家的出生率正在下降,因此全世界的人口正逐漸老化。
前後兩句分別說明「壽命延長」與「出生率下降」,兩項趨勢同時造成全球人口老化,語意與文法均完整。
選項分析
(A) Whereas
Whereas 是從屬連接詞,表示「然而」「相較之下」,用來引導對比性的副詞子句,例如:
Whereas people are living longer, birth rates are declining.
本題句號前已結束一個完整句子,若填入 Whereas,會變成:
Whereas, birth rates in many countries are declining...
Whereas 後面不能直接接逗號而缺少主要子句;而且本題需要的是獨立的句首轉承語,因此錯誤。
(B) Meanwhile
Meanwhile 是副詞,意為「與此同時」「在此期間」,可以放在句首並接逗號,用來銜接兩個同時發生或彼此相關的事件。
本題前句談壽命延長,後句談出生率下降,兩者都是人口結構變化的背景因素,使用 Meanwhile 最自然。
因此 (B) 正確。
(C) While
第 26 題1 分
The teacher’s job is to make sure that indigenous students maintain their own language and culture, _____ it means that they learn English more slowly.
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核心觀念
本題考「讓步副詞子句」及連接詞的語意。
句型為:
主句,even if + 子句
even if 表示「即使、縱使」,用來引導一個不利條件或假設情況,但主句的行為仍然成立。
題幹的核心意思是:教師仍要確保原住民學生保有自己的語言與文化,即使這樣做會使他們學英文的速度變慢。
關鍵單字與片語
teacher’s job:教師的工作make sure that...:確保……indigenous:原住民的maintain:維持、保有language and culture:語言與文化mean:意味著learn English more slowly:學習英文的速度較慢
解題方法
先判斷空格前後的邏輯關係:
The teacher’s job is to make sure that indigenous students maintain their own language and culture, _____ it means that they learn English more slowly.
前半句是教師應達成的目標;後半句指出這個目標所帶來的不利結果:學生學英文的速度變慢。
「即使會造成不利結果,前述目標仍然要達成」是典型的讓步關係,因此填入表示「即使」的 even if:
The teacher’s job is to make sure that indigenous students maintain their own language and culture, even if it means that they learn English more slowly.
翻譯:
教師的工作是確保原住民學生保有自己的語言與文化,即使這意味著他們學習英文的速度會比較慢。
選項分析
(A) besides
besides 表示「此外、而且、除了……之外」,用於補充另一項資訊,不能表達「即使……」的讓步關係。
代入後:
..., besides it means that they learn English more slowly.
第 27 題1 分
To become finalists in the competition for scholarships, the students must perform well on a second examination. _____, they must earn their principals’ recommendation.
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核心觀念
本題考「連接副詞/轉承語」的語意功能。前句說明獲得獎學金決賽資格的第一項條件,後句補充另一項必要條件,因此空格應選表示「除此之外、此外」的 In addition。
句型如下:
To become finalists in the competition for scholarships, the students must perform well on a second examination. In addition, they must earn their principals’ recommendation.
翻譯:
學生若要成為獎學金競賽的決賽入圍者,必須在第二次考試中表現良好。此外,他們還必須取得校長的推薦。
關鍵單字與片語
- finalist:決賽入圍者
- competition:競賽
- scholarship:獎學金
- perform well:表現良好
- examination:考試
- in addition:此外;另外
- earn:取得;贏得
- principal:校長
- recommendation:推薦;推薦函
- principals’ recommendation:校長的推薦
解題方法
先判斷前後句的邏輯關係:
- 前句:學生必須在第二次考試中表現良好。
- 後句:學生還必須取得校長推薦。
- 兩者都是成為決賽入圍者的必要條件,後句是在前句之外再增加一項條件。
因此需要「補充、增加資訊」的轉承語,選 In addition。
選項分析
(A) For example
意思是「例如」,用來引導前述概念的具體例子。
第 28 題1 分
When I walked in, Grandpa was sitting at the kitchen table, the newspaper _____ before him, his morning cup of coffee steaming in his mug.
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核心觀念
本題考「獨立分詞構句(absolute construction)」以及分詞的主動、被動判斷。
句型為:
When I walked in, Grandpa was sitting at the kitchen table, the newspaper spread before him, his morning cup of coffee steaming in his mug.
逗號後的 the newspaper spread before him 與 his morning cup of coffee steaming in his mug,都是補充說明 Grandpa 當時周遭狀態的獨立分詞構句:
- 名詞 + 現在分詞:表示主動或進行中的動作
- 名詞 + 過去分詞:表示被動或完成後的狀態
此處的 newspaper 是「被攤開、攤放」在 Grandpa 面前,因此使用過去分詞 spread。
解題方法
先定位答案所在的片語:
the newspaper _____ before him
翻譯為:
報紙攤放在他面前。
「報紙」本身不會主動把自己攤開,而是處於「被攤開」的狀態,因此需要過去分詞:
the newspaper spread before him
這裡的 spread 是動詞 spread 的過去分詞。spread 的三態相同:
- 原形:spread
- 過去式:spread
- 過去分詞:spread
整句翻譯:
我走進來時,爺爺正坐在廚房餐桌旁,報紙攤放在他面前,早晨那杯咖啡在杯中冒著熱氣。
題幹中定位答案的關鍵句就是:
the newspaper spread before him
其中 spread before him 表示「攤開在他面前」,是報紙當時呈現的狀態。
選項分析
(A) spreading
spreading 是現在分詞,通常表示主動、進行中的動作。
若填入:
the newspaper spreading before him
意思近似「報紙正在自行擴散/展開在他面前」,語意不合。報紙在此不是主動進行 spread 的主體,而是「被攤開」後呈現攤放狀態,因此錯誤。
第 29 題1 分
Difference may arise from a different set of values. One may value autonomy in the classroom while _____ may value cooperation.
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核心觀念
本題考「不定代名詞的對應用法」及上下文中的單複數與語意對比。
句型為:
One may value autonomy in the classroom while _____ may value cooperation.
其中:
- one:某一個人、有人
- another:另一個人、另一人
- autonomy:自主;自主性
- in the classroom:在課堂中
- cooperation:合作
- value:重視、看重
- while:而、然而;此處表示對比
本題的關鍵是固定對應結構:
one ... another ...
一個人……另一個人……
因此空格應填 another,形成:
One may value autonomy in the classroom while another may value cooperation.
翻譯為:
有人可能重視課堂中的自主性,而另一人可能重視合作。
解題方法
先觀察空格前的 One。當句子以 one 表示「某一個人」時,若要與另一個不同的人作對比,最自然、最標準的搭配是:
one ... another ...
句意是在比較兩種不同的價值取向:
- 一個人重視課堂自主性;
- 另一個人重視合作。
因此選 another。
此外,空格後直接接動詞 may value,所以空格必須能獨立作主詞。another 可單獨作代名詞,表示「另一個人」,符合文法與語意。
選項分析
(A) others
others 是複數代名詞,表示「其他人、其他事物」,通常指三個或三個以上的人事物,例如:
Some students value autonomy, while others value cooperation.
但本句前面使用單數 One,題目設計的對應關係是「一個人……另一個人……」,應使用單數的 another。使用 others 會變成「一個人……其他許多人……」,與本題的平行對比結構不一致。
嚴格說,在較寬鬆的語境中,One may..., while others may... 可以成立;但在本題以 one 與另一個單數個體形成對照的標準句型中,others 不是最佳答案。
(B) some
some 可作代名詞,表示「一些人、某些人」,例如:
Some value autonomy, while others value cooperation.
但 some 是複數概念,與前面的單數 one 不構成典型的「一個……另一個……」對應。若要表達兩個不同的個體,應使用 another,而不是 some。
因此,本題的句型與語意均不選 some。
(C) the other
the other 表示「兩者中的另一個」,通常用於已明確限定只有兩個人或兩個事物的情況,例如:
第 30 題1 分
These _____ storms have reminded people of nature’s awesome power.
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核心觀念
本題考「名詞前的修飾語」與「複合形容詞」用法。
題幹主詞為:
These _____ storms have reminded people of nature’s awesome power.
這些 _____ 的暴風雨,使人們再次感受到大自然驚人的力量。
空格位於名詞 storms 前,因此需要填入能修飾名詞的字。killer 原本是名詞,意思是「殺手」;置於另一個名詞前時,可作名詞修飾語,表示「致命的、殺傷力很強的」。
因此:
killer storms = 致命的暴風雨、殺傷力極強的暴風雨
全句翻譯為:
這些致命的暴風雨,使人們再次感受到大自然驚人的力量。
解題方法
先觀察空格後面的核心名詞 storms。空格必須修飾 storms,形成自然且符合語意的名詞片語。
選項 killer 可置於名詞前作修飾語:
killer + storms
致命的暴風雨
語意上,暴風雨具有強大破壞力,能造成死亡,因此 killer storms 符合上下文中「nature’s awesome power」的語意。
選項分析
(A) killer:正確
killer 是名詞「殺手」,也可放在另一個名詞前作名詞修飾語,表示「致命的、會造成死亡的」。
例如:
- a killer disease:致命的疾病
- a killer virus:致命的病毒
- killer storms:致命的暴風雨
本題的 killer storms 是自然且常見的搭配,故選 A。
(B) killing:錯誤
killing 是動名詞或現在分詞,主要表示「殺害」或「正在殺害」。
若寫成 killing storms,語意較接近「正在殺人的暴風雨」,但英文通常不以此表達「致命的暴風雨」,搭配不自然。要表示「具有致命性的」,應使用 killer。
此外,killing 並非本題最合適的形容詞用法。
(C) kill:錯誤
kill 是原形動詞,意思是「殺死」。動詞原形不能直接放在此處修飾 storms:
第 31 題1 分
For each sentence, please choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.
In dealing with each other, the Native American tribes of the Great Plains used an intricate sign language that consisted of a series of mutually understanding gestures.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 關係代名詞 that 引導形容詞子句。
- consist of 的固定用法,表示「由……組成」。
- 分詞形容詞的正確形式:
- understanding:正在理解別人的
- understood:被理解的
題幹關鍵句為:
The Native American tribes of the Great Plains used an intricate sign language that consisted of a series of mutually understanding gestures.
意為:
大平原地區的美洲原住民族使用一種複雜的手語,這種手語由一連串彼此理解的手勢所組成。
解題方法
先找主句骨架:
- 主詞:the Native American tribes of the Great Plains
- 動詞:used
- 受詞:an intricate sign language
後面的 that consisted of a series... 是關係子句,修飾前面的 sign language。若依標準英文判斷,應檢查:
- 關係代名詞 that 是否能修飾先行詞;
- consist of 是否搭配正確;
- mutually understanding gestures 是否符合語意與分詞用法。
標準用法是:
A consists of B.
A 由 B 組成。
因此:
The sign language consisted of a series of gestures.
文法與語意均成立。
真正不自然之處在於 mutually understanding gestures。手勢本身不是「理解別人的主動者」,而是「被彼此理解的手勢」,應改為:
a series of mutually understood gestures
選項分析
(A) In dealing with each other
deal with each other 表示「彼此相處、互相交往」。前置片語 In dealing with each other 修飾主詞 the Native American tribes,意為「在彼此交往時」,語意合理,沒有文法錯誤。
例:
In dealing with each other, the tribes developed a common language.
意為「在彼此交往時,這些部落發展出共同語言。」
(B) the Native American tribes of the Great Plains
此為完整名詞片語:
- Native American tribes:美洲原住民族部落
- of the Great Plains:大平原地區的
第 32 題1 分
For each sentence, please choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.
Many people look forward to retire, seeing it as an opportunity to do all kinds of things they could never do while they were working.
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核心觀念
本題考查片語 look forward to + V-ing/名詞 的用法。
- look forward to:期待、盼望
- 此處的 to 是介系詞,不是不定詞符號。
- 介系詞後面須接名詞、代名詞或動名詞,因此應使用:
不可使用:
題幹定位與翻譯
錯誤處位於:
Many people look forward to retire, seeing it as an opportunity to do all kinds of things they could never do while they were working.
其中 look forward to retire 應改為 look forward to retiring。
全句可翻譯為:
許多人期待退休,把退休視為一個機會,去做各種他們工作時永遠無法做的事情。
解題方法
看到 look forward to,立即判斷此處的 to 是介系詞。介系詞後須接:
- 名詞:look forward to retirement
- 動名詞:look forward to retiring
- 代名詞:look forward to it
題目使用 retire,屬於原形動詞,不能直接置於介系詞 to 後,因此 B 錯誤。
正確句子為:
Many people look forward to retiring, seeing it as an opportunity to do all kinds of things they could never do while they were working.
選項分析
(A) look forward:正確
look forward 必須與介系詞 to 組成完整片語 look forward to。
第 33 題1 分
For each sentence, please choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.
The mystery that people tend to be exquisitely sensitive to the breath quality of their fellows and notorious bad at smelling their own still remains.
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 形容詞與副詞的修飾關係。
- 名詞片語的組成與所有格表達。
- 平行結構與代名詞指涉。
- 固定搭配及語意是否自然。
題幹主幹為:
The mystery still remains.
這個謎團仍然存在。
中間的 that 子句用來修飾 the mystery,說明「這個謎團」的具體內容。
關鍵句與翻譯
The mystery that people tend to be exquisitely sensitive to the breath quality of their fellows and notorious bad at smelling their own still remains.
依官方答案,錯誤位於 (C) the breath quality of their fellows。
全句可理解為:
人們往往對同伴的口氣品質極其敏感,卻非常不善於聞出自己的口氣,這個謎團仍然存在。
其中:
be sensitive to:對……敏感exquisitely:極其地、非常細緻地breath:呼吸;此處指口氣fellow:同伴、同類的人be bad at + V-ing:不擅長……smell one’s own:聞出自己的口氣still remains:仍然存在
解題方法
先找句子的主要動詞:
- 主句:
The mystery ... still remains that引導的關係子句:描述the mystery的內容- 關係子句中有兩個並列部分:
people tend to be exquisitely sensitive to ...
and notorious bad at ...
選項必須同時符合文法、搭配與語意。官方答案將 the breath quality of their fellows 視為不自然的名詞表達,認為此處應以更明確的所有格或 quality of breath 表示「同伴口氣的品質」。
較自然的改法包括:
the breath quality of their fellows
→ the breath quality of their fellow men
或:
the breath quality of their fellows
→ the quality of their fellows’ breath
其中 the quality of their fellows’ breath 的所有關係最清楚,意思是「他們同伴的口氣品質」。
選項分析
(A) The mystery
The mystery 是主句主詞,後面的 that 子句修飾 mystery,結構完整:
The mystery ... remains.
mystery 是可數名詞,表示特定的「這個謎團」時使用定冠詞 the,因此本選項正確。
(B) that people tend to be exquisitely sensitive to
第 34 題1 分
For each sentence, please choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.
Many people will be healthier and wealthier if they got on their bikes. Not only would roads be less polluted, but cyclists could expect a longer life.
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核心觀念
本題考「條件句的時態一致」以及「假設語氣(second conditional)」。
題幹中的條件子句為:
if they got on their bikes
如果他們騎上自行車
其中 got 是過去式。在此處,過去式不是表示過去發生的動作,而是表示與現在或未來事實相反、可能性較低的假設,因此主句應使用:
基本句型為:
例如:
If people rode bicycles more often, they would be healthier.
如果人們更常騎自行車,他們會更健康。
因此本題應改為:
Many people would be healthier and wealthier if they got on their bikes.
題幹語意與答案定位
題幹句子可翻譯為:
Many people will be healthier and wealthier if they got on their bikes.
如果許多人騎上自行車,他們將會更健康、更富有。
後文為:
Not only would roads be less polluted, but cyclists could expect a longer life.
道路不僅會減少污染,騎自行車的人也可以預期擁有更長的壽命。
後文使用 would be,正好顯示整段是在描述假設情境。前句既然使用 if they got,主句也應配合使用 would be,不能使用 will be。
選項分析
(A) Many people will be healthier and wealthier
錯誤。
主句的 will be 是第一類條件句常用的形式:
例如:
If they get on their bikes, they will be healthier.
但本題條件子句使用過去式 got,形成:
will be … if they got …
這是條件句時態搭配不一致。依照題幹的假設語氣,應改為:
Many people would be healthier and wealthier if they got on their bikes.
所以錯誤部分為 (A)。
(B) if they got on their bikes
正確。
got 在此為假設語氣中的過去式,並非單純表示「過去騎上自行車」。片語 get on one’s bike 表示「騎上某人的自行車;開始騎自行車」。
本句搭配主句的 would be 時,構成正確的第二類條件句:
if they got on their bikes, … would be …
(C) Not only would roads be less polluted
正確。
not only … but … 表示「不僅……而且……」。
當 not only 放在句首時,主句通常採倒裝:
第 35 題1 分
For each sentence, please choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.
Since the conditions governing the transport of pets on trains is subject to modifications, it is advisable to check before travelling by visiting the Services section of the website.
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核心觀念
- 虛主詞 it 與名詞子句/不定詞搭配:在「」句型中,當形容詞表達建議、必要性或可能性(如 advisable, recommended, desirable 等)時,後方搭配之主語真身通常為不定詞片語()或由 that 引導之名詞子句()。若搭配不及物動詞(如 check),需注意其受詞補語的完整性或語意銜接。
- 主詞與動詞之一致性(Subject-Verb Agreement):複數主詞與複數動詞搭配。
- 介系詞受詞與分詞片語:介系詞後接動名詞();分詞修飾前方名詞。
題幹結構與全文翻譯
- 原句定位:
"Since the conditions governing the transport of pets on trains is subject to modifications, it is advisable to check before travelling by visiting the Services section of the website."
- 句構剖析:
- 副詞子句(原因):
Since the conditions(主詞,複數)+governing the transport of pets on trains(現在分詞片語,修飾 conditions)+is subject to modifications(動詞與受詞補語)。 - 主要子句:
it(虛主詞)+is advisable(動詞與形容詞)+to check(真主詞,不定詞)+before travelling(時間副詞片語)+by visiting the Services section of the website(方法副詞片語)。 - 中文翻譯:
「由於攜帶寵物搭乘火車的相關規定隨時可能變更,建議旅客在啟程前先至本網站的『服務專區』(Services)進行確認。」
解題方法
高醫後醫英文的挑錯題(Error Recognition)通常優先檢視子句主詞動詞一致性、時態語態、平行結構及固定慣用語搭配。
- 鎖定官方答案 (C) 的考點爭議與立論:
- 官方將 (C) 判定為錯誤。在嚴謹的正式書面英文中,advisable 常見用法為接不定詞(it is advisable to do something)或接 that 子句(it is advisable that one should do something)。此處動詞 check 在語境中表示「查證、確認(某資訊)」,通常被視為及物動詞,需要受詞(如 to check the regulations 或 to check whether...);若作為不及物動詞單獨使用,語法上偏口語。命題委員可能認為此處應改為具備完整受詞的結構,或改用名詞子句(如 it is advisable that travellers check... / it is advisable to check the details)。
- 審視其他選項的文法結構:
- 逐一比對 (A)、(B)、(D)、(E) 的文法正誤。值得注意的是,(B) 選項中的
is與主詞conditions明顯存在主動詞不一致(詳見後文「爭議說明」)。
選項分析
- (A) Since the conditions governing the transport of pets on trains:
- 正確。
Since為表「因為、由於」的從屬連接詞,後接完整子句。
第 36 題1 分
For each sentence, please choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.
Readers either love or hate Stephen King’s unique writing style; few have no opinion of him.
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核心觀念
本題考查代名詞指涉一致性(Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement)與語意前後邏輯對應。
- 代名詞指涉對象:代名詞必須與其所指涉的先行詞在「性(gender)」與「數(number)」上保持一致,更重要的是指涉必須明確、符合邏輯上下文。
- 前後語意對應:由分號(
;)連接的兩個獨立子句具有對照與補充關係。前半句敘述讀者對於史蒂芬.金的「寫作風格(writing style)」非愛即恨;後半句承接此論點,說明幾乎沒有人對「這件事/該風格」毫無意見。
解題方法
- 分析句子結構與語意邏輯:
- 前半句:
- 語意:讀者對史蒂芬.金獨特的「寫作風格」,不是喜愛就是厭惡。
- 後半句:
- 語意:很少有人對「他(史蒂芬.金個人)」沒有看法。
- 抓出邏輯斷裂處:
前半句探討的評價對象是「writing style(事物)」,而非「Stephen King(人)」。因此後半句若使用代名詞him,先行詞在邏輯上產生斷層;應改為指涉事物或整件事的代名詞(如it)以呼應前半句的核心受詞writing style。此外,表達「對某事物發表看法」慣用介系詞on或about(如have no opinion on/about it)。故 (E) 選項存在明顯錯誤。
關鍵字詞解析
- either A or B(對等連接詞):非 A 即 B;不是 A 就是 B。連接詞性相同的成分。
- unique(adj.):獨特的、獨一無二的。
- writing style(n. phr.):寫作風格、文風。
- few(代名詞 / adj.):極少數(人/物),具有否定意味(修飾或指代可數名詞)。
- have no opinion on / about sth.(片語):對某事沒有意見或看法。
第 37 題1 分
For each sentence, please choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.
The reason for her depression is because she had had an abortion and felt pangs of conscience afterwards.
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核心觀念
本題考「時態判斷」與「平行結構」,重點集中在選項 (C) 的 had had。
had had 是過去完成式:
- 第一個
had:過去完成式的助動詞。 - 第二個
had:動詞have的過去分詞。 have an abortion:接受墮胎手術。
雖然 had had 在英文文法上可以成立,但必須有明確的「另一個過去時間點」作為參照,表示「在過去某件事之前已經……」。本句主要是在說明她憂鬱的原因,並沒有必要使用過去完成式;依本題官方命題意旨,應使用簡單過去式 had an abortion。
題幹定位與翻譯
題幹原句:
The reason for her depression is because she had had an abortion and felt pangs of conscience afterwards.
翻譯:
她憂鬱的原因是因為她曾接受墮胎手術,之後感到良心的刺痛。
較符合本題官方答案的修正句:
The reason for her depression is because she had an abortion and felt pangs of conscience afterwards.
其中 had an abortion 與 felt pangs of conscience 同為過去式,形成較整齊的平行結構。
解題方法
先觀察主句:
The reason for her depression is because ...
後面的子句是在說明她憂鬱的原因。接著檢查子句中的兩個動詞:
she had had an abortion and felt pangs of conscience afterwards
這裡由 and 連接:
had had an abortionfelt pangs of conscience
第二個動詞 felt 是簡單過去式,因此前面的動詞也應以簡單過去式 had 表示同一段過去事件:
she had an abortion and felt pangs of conscience afterwards
題目沒有提供另一個過去時間點,無須使用過去完成式 had had。因此依官方答案,錯誤部分為 (C)。
選項分析
(A) The reason for her depression
此部分正確。
the reason for + 名詞 是正確搭配,意思是「……的原因」。
the reason for her depression- 「她憂鬱的原因」
depression 在本句中是名詞,指「憂鬱、憂鬱症狀」。
(B) is because
依本題官方答案,此部分不列為錯誤。
is because 後面可接原因子句,意思是「是因為……」。不過在較嚴格的正式英文中,The reason ... is because ... 常被認為有語意重複,因為 reason 本身已表示「原因」,較正式的寫法是:
The reason for her depression is that she had an abortion ...
或:
Her depression is because she had an abortion ...
第 38 題1 分
For each sentence, please choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.
The success of recent independent films like Jump, Boys, The Road in the Air, and Let It Be signal a new era for Taiwanese audiences and their preferences.
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題幹定位與翻譯
題幹主句為:
The success of recent independent films like Jump, Boys, The Road in the Air, and Let It Be signal a new era for Taiwanese audiences and their preferences.
翻譯:
「近來《Jump, Boys》、《The Road in the Air》和《Let It Be》等獨立電影的成功,為臺灣觀眾及其偏好揭開了新的時代。」
核心觀念:主詞與動詞的一致
本題考「主詞與動詞的數一致」:
- 單數主詞搭配單數動詞。
- 複數主詞搭配複數動詞。
句子的主詞是:
The success of recent independent films
其中核心名詞為 success,而不是後面的 films。
結構如下:
- The success:主詞核心,單數
- of recent independent films:介系詞片語,修飾 success
- signal:主要動詞
因此,單數主詞 The success 必須搭配單數動詞 signals,不能使用複數形式 signal。
正確句子為:
The success of recent independent films like Jump, Boys, The Road in the Air, and Let It Be signals a new era for Taiwanese audiences and their preferences.
解題方法
先找出句子的主要主詞與主要動詞,再判斷兩者的單複數。
本句容易受到 films 的干擾,誤以為主詞是複數。然而 films 位於介系詞 of 後面,屬於介系詞片語的一部分,不是主要主詞。
判斷方式:
所以 signal 應改為 signals,錯誤部分為 (C)。
選項分析
(A) The success of recent independent films
此部分文法正確。
- success 是主要主詞,表示「成功」。
- of recent independent films 表示「近來獨立電影的」,修飾 success。
- 介系詞 of 後面的 films 雖為複數,但不會改變主要主詞 success 的單數性質。
因此,本部分沒有錯誤。
(B) like Jump, Boys, The Road in the Air, and Let It Be
此部分文法正確。
第 39 題
For each sentence, please choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.
The economic system of countries such as Japan, Canada, Germany, and the United States is the free enterprise system—the privately enterprise system.
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題幹定位與翻譯
題目要求找出含有錯誤英文的畫線部分。完整句子為:
The economic system of countries such as Japan, Canada, Germany, and the United States is the free enterprise system—the privately enterprise system.
像日本、加拿大、德國和美國這些國家的經濟制度,是自由企業制度,也就是私人企業制度。
官方答案為 E(無錯誤)。
核心觀念
本題主要考:
- 主詞與動詞一致
- such as 的列舉用法
- 同位語與破折號的語意功能
- enterprise、private、privately 的詞性與搭配
句中主幹為:
The economic system ... is the free enterprise system.
其中:
- The economic system 是主詞。
- is 是連綴動詞。
- the free enterprise system 是主詞補語。
- 破折號後的 the privately enterprise system 用來補充說明前面的制度名稱。
解題方法
先找句子的主要結構:
The economic system of countries ... is the free enterprise system.
主詞核心是單數名詞 system,因此使用單數動詞 is。接著檢查:
- of countries 是否能修飾 economic system;
- such as ... 是否正確列舉國家;
- 破折號後是否具有補充說明功能;
- 各部分在詞性、搭配及語意上是否能成立。
依高雄醫學大學官方答案,本題判定沒有需要挑出的錯誤,因此選 E。
選項分析
(A) The economic system of countries
此部分正確。
- economic system 表示「經濟制度」。
- of countries 表示「國家的」,修飾前面的 economic system。
- 主詞核心為單數名詞 system,因此後面搭配 is,符合主詞動詞一致。
句型可理解為:
The economic system of countries ...
這些國家的經濟制度……
(B) such as Japan, Canada, Germany, and the United States
此部分正確。
such as 表示「例如」,用來列舉前面所指的國家。後面的 Japan、Canada、Germany 和 the United States 都是國家名稱,列舉方式正確。
要注意 the United States 必須使用定冠詞 the,因為該國正式名稱及慣用名稱本身包含 the。
(C) is the free enterprise system
此部分正確。
第 40 題1 分
For each sentence, please choose one underlined part that contains faulty English.
Some Vietnam veterans were disappointed with American public’s negative perception of the war, they suffered severe mental problems when they returned to civilian life.
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核心觀念
本題考「連接詞的語意與時間關係」,重點在於辨析:
- when:當……時,表示兩件事同時發生,或後一事件緊接前一事件發生。
- after:在……之後,明確表示先後順序。
- return to civilian life:回歸平民生活,為固定搭配。
- be disappointed with:對……感到失望。
- perception of:對……的看法、觀感。
題幹原句:
Some Vietnam veterans were disappointed with American public’s negative perception of the war, they suffered severe mental problems when they returned to civilian life.
依官方答案,錯誤部分是 (D) when they returned。題意應表達:越戰老兵回歸平民生活後,才遭受嚴重的心理問題。因此時間關係應使用 after,即:
Some Vietnam veterans were disappointed with the American public’s negative perception of the war, and they suffered severe mental problems after they returned to civilian life.
翻譯為:
有些越戰老兵對美國民眾對這場戰爭的負面看法感到失望;他們回歸平民生活後,遭受了嚴重的心理問題。
解題方法
先找出句中的兩個主要動作:
- Some Vietnam veterans were disappointed ...
- they suffered severe mental problems ...
再觀察後半句的時間副詞子句:
when they returned to civilian life
題意要表達的是「回到平民生活之後,發生嚴重心理問題」。因此依官方命題意旨,應使用表示明確先後關係的 after,而非表示「當……時」的 when。
修正後:
they suffered severe mental problems after they returned to civilian life.
選項分析
(A) Some Vietnam veterans were disappointed with
正確。
- be disappointed with + 名詞 表示「對某人或某事感到失望」。
- 例句:
She was disappointed with the result.
她對結果感到失望。
因此:
Some Vietnam veterans were disappointed with ...
用法正確。
(B) American public’s negative perception of the war
依本題官方命題意旨,視為正確。
- negative perception of the war 表示「對這場戰爭的負面看法」。
- perception of + 名詞 是自然搭配。
第 41 題
【題組共用題幹】
Would you like to make thousands of dollars a month without working? Then Greg Cheney wants to talk to you. You can see Greg on television every day. He is always selling something. Now he has a new product. He calls it the “greatest diet pill in the world.” However, the “greatest diet pill” is really the “biggest scam” in the world.
“This is the easiest way in the world to make a fortune,” says Cheney in his TV commercial. “If you get 20 people to try this product, we will send you a thousand dollars,” the con artist promises. And some people believe him. “It sounded so good,” says Kelly Eagan. “I signed up the same day.”
The rip-off works like this. Cheney isn’t really selling diet pills. He is selling websites that advertise diet pills. You buy a website. Then you wait for people to visit the website and buy the diet pills. However, the numbers don’t work. The diet pills cost 800. How can Cheney pay the seller 800? The answer is that he can’t.
Cheney sells the websites for 5,175 and only one person visited her site.
Cheney has a list of people who have made a lot of money. He says that he sends out checks every week—5,600, even 5,000 and sold about 23 bottles of diet pills. Igor Spilsak is on the list, too. He paid 100 an hour.” Why did he lie? Cheney paid him $600 to be in the commercial.
Cheney insists that you can make money if you work hard and don’t quit. However, it seems that one person is getting rich quick, and that’s Greg Cheney.
Which of the following titles best summarizes the content of the passage?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨判斷與標題選擇」。解題重點不是尋找某一個細節,而是判斷文章整體主要在說什麼。
本文表面上介紹 Greg Cheney 推銷「世界上最棒的減肥藥」,實際上透過多位受害者的經驗,揭露這是一場以快速致富為號召的詐騙。文章核心包括:
- Cheney 宣稱可以輕鬆賺大錢。
- 他實際販售的是刊登減肥藥廣告的網站。
- 多數參加者投入大量金錢,卻幾乎沒有收入。
- 廣告中的成功案例甚至是收錢配合演出。
- 真正快速致富的人只有 Cheney 一人。
因此,最佳標題必須同時呈現「快速致富」與「遭到詐騙」兩層意思。
解題方法
判斷文章標題時,應掌握以下三個步驟:
- 先找文章的主要人物與事件:Greg Cheney 以減肥藥及網站招募參加者。
- 再找文章的轉折與結果:參加者不但沒有致富,反而損失金錢。
- 最後確認作者真正的態度:本文不是教人致富,而是在揭露 get-rich-quick scam。
文中多次出現表示轉折的語句,例如:
- “However, the ‘greatest diet pill’ is really the ‘biggest scam’ in the world.”
「然而,這個『世界上最棒的減肥藥』其實是『世界上最大的騙局』。」
- “However, Kelly Eagan paid him $5,175 and only one person visited her site.”
「然而,Kelly Eagan 付給他 5,175 美元,卻只有一個人造訪她的網站。」
- “However, in the commercial he says, ‘This is the easiest thing I’ve ever done and I’m making more than $100 an hour.’”
「然而,在廣告中他卻說:『這是我做過最容易的事,而且我每小時賺超過 100 美元。』」
這些句子顯示文章是在揭穿廣告中的不實承諾。
最能定位主旨的句子是:
“However, it seems that one person is getting rich quick, and that’s Greg Cheney.”
「然而,看起來只有一個人正在快速致富,那就是 Greg Cheney。」
這句話總結全文:參加者被「快速致富」的承諾吸引,真正獲利的卻是設計騙局的 Cheney。因此,選項 E 最完整。
關鍵單字與片語
- make thousands of dollars:賺取數千美元
- make a fortune:發大財
- diet pill:減肥藥
- scam:騙局、詐騙
- con artist:騙子
- rip-off:敲詐、騙錢的勾當
- sign up:報名參加
- advertise:為……做廣告
- seller:賣方、銷售者
- moneymaker list:賺錢者名單
- insist:堅稱、堅持主張
- get rich quick:快速致富
- get conned:被騙、上當
- work hard and don’t quit:努力工作且不要放棄
文法與語意重點
- Would you like to...?
“Would you like to make thousands of dollars a month...?” 是以問句包裝的招募話術,意思是「你想不想每月賺進數千美元?」此句本身帶有吸引讀者注意的廣告語氣。
- promise + that 子句/直接引語
第 42 題
【題組共用題幹】
Would you like to make thousands of dollars a month without working? Then Greg Cheney wants to talk to you. You can see Greg on television every day. He is always selling something. Now he has a new product. He calls it the “greatest diet pill in the world.” However, the “greatest diet pill” is really the “biggest scam” in the world.
“This is the easiest way in the world to make a fortune,” says Cheney in his TV commercial. “If you get 20 people to try this product, we will send you a thousand dollars,” the con artist promises. And some people believe him. “It sounded so good,” says Kelly Eagan. “I signed up the same day.”
The rip-off works like this. Cheney isn’t really selling diet pills. He is selling websites that advertise diet pills. You buy a website. Then you wait for people to visit the website and buy the diet pills. However, the numbers don’t work. The diet pills cost 800. How can Cheney pay the seller 800? The answer is that he can’t.
Cheney sells the websites for 5,175 and only one person visited her site.
Cheney has a list of people who have made a lot of money. He says that he sends out checks every week—5,600, even 5,000 and sold about 23 bottles of diet pills. Igor Spilsak is on the list, too. He paid 100 an hour.” Why did he lie? Cheney paid him $600 to be in the commercial.
Cheney insists that you can make money if you work hard and don’t quit. However, it seems that one person is getting rich quick, and that’s Greg Cheney.
Why does Cheney sell the websites?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨推論」與「作者態度判斷」。解題重點不是只看 Cheney 表面上宣稱的賺錢機會,而是綜合文章中的事實,判斷他販售網站的真正目的。
文章反覆指出:
- Cheney 以「減肥藥」和「快速致富」吸引民眾。
- 他實際上主要賣的是宣傳減肥藥的網站。
- 許多購買者付出高額費用,卻幾乎沒有收入。
- Cheney 用虛假的成功案例和廣告誤導消費者。
- 甚至付錢給 Igor Spilsak,請他在廣告中謊稱自己每小時賺超過 $100。
因此,Cheney 並不是為了幫助他人致富,而是利用他人的期待來賺取自己的財富。
關鍵單字與片語
- make thousands of dollars a month:每月賺進數千美元
- without working:不工作、不必勞動
- diet pill:減肥藥
- scam:騙局、詐騙
- make a fortune:發大財
- con artist:騙子、詐騙犯
- sign up:報名、加入
- rip-off:坑人交易、敲詐
- advertise:宣傳、刊登廣告
- bottle:一瓶
- pay someone:付錢給某人
- get rich quick:快速致富
- moneymaker list:賺錢者名單
- insist that...:堅稱……
- work hard and don’t quit:努力工作且不要放棄
其中 get rich quick 是本題的重要語意線索,表示「快速致富」。文章最後將這個概念反轉,指出真正快速變有錢的人不是消費者,而是 Cheney。
解題方法
先定位文章最後的總結句:
“However, it seems that one person is getting rich quick, and that’s Greg Cheney.”
翻譯為:
「然而,看起來有一個人正在快速致富,那就是 Greg Cheney。」
這句直接揭示 Cheney 的真正動機:他販售網站的目的,是利用這套騙局快速賺錢。
文章中的金錢流向也支持這個判斷:
- Cheney 宣稱投入產品可以賺錢。
- Kelly Eagan 支付 $5,175,卻只有一人造訪她的網站。
- Susan Kauffman 花費 $5,000,只賣出約 23 瓶減肥藥。
- Igor Spilsak 支付 $2,000,只賣出 6 瓶減肥藥。
- Cheney 甚至向 Spilsak 支付 $600,請他在廣告中說謊。
由此可知,網站本身並不是有效幫助消費者賺錢的工具,而是 Cheney 向消費者收費、獲利的手段。
文法與語意重點
題目問:
Why does Cheney sell the websites?
意思是:
「Cheney 為什麼販售這些網站?」
這是詢問人物的「真正目的」的推論題。選項必須符合全文內容,不能只符合 Cheney 在電視廣告中的表面說法。
選項 C 中的句子:
第 43 題
【題組共用題幹】
Would you like to make thousands of dollars a month without working? Then Greg Cheney wants to talk to you. You can see Greg on television every day. He is always selling something. Now he has a new product. He calls it the “greatest diet pill in the world.” However, the “greatest diet pill” is really the “biggest scam” in the world.
“This is the easiest way in the world to make a fortune,” says Cheney in his TV commercial. “If you get 20 people to try this product, we will send you a thousand dollars,” the con artist promises. And some people believe him. “It sounded so good,” says Kelly Eagan. “I signed up the same day.”
The rip-off works like this. Cheney isn’t really selling diet pills. He is selling websites that advertise diet pills. You buy a website. Then you wait for people to visit the website and buy the diet pills. However, the numbers don’t work. The diet pills cost 800. How can Cheney pay the seller 800? The answer is that he can’t.
Cheney sells the websites for 5,175 and only one person visited her site.
Cheney has a list of people who have made a lot of money. He says that he sends out checks every week—5,600, even 5,000 and sold about 23 bottles of diet pills. Igor Spilsak is on the list, too. He paid 100 an hour.” Why did he lie? Cheney paid him $600 to be in the commercial.
Cheney insists that you can make money if you work hard and don’t quit. However, it seems that one person is getting rich quick, and that’s Greg Cheney.
The word “rip-off” (paragraph 3) means _____.
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核心觀念
本題考查字義判斷與上下文理解。rip-off 是口語名詞,意為「騙局、詐騙、敲竹槓、坑人行為」,近義詞包括:
cheat:欺騙;騙局trick:詭計;欺騙scam:詐騙;騙局fraud:詐欺con:騙局;行騙
文章描述 Greg Cheney 以減肥藥和網站為名,誘使人們付出高額費用,實際上卻無法獲利,因此 rip-off 指的是整個「騙局」。
定位原文與翻譯
題目中的句子是:
The rip-off works like this.
可翻譯為:
這個騙局的運作方式如下。
下一段具體說明騙局內容:Cheney 表面上販售減肥藥,實際上是販售刊登減肥藥廣告的網站;參加者還會被要求購買許多額外服務,最後付出高額費用卻幾乎沒有收入。
文章前文也直接將此計畫稱為:
However, the “greatest diet pill” is really the “biggest scam” in the world.
意思是:
然而,這個「全世界最棒的減肥藥」其實是「全世界最大的騙局」。
因此,rip-off 與 scam 在本文語境中意思相同。
解題方法
先判斷 rip-off 在句中所指的對象。句型 The rip-off works like this 中,rip-off 是名詞,後面接著介紹一種計畫的運作方式,不是指具體商品。
再利用上下文確認:
- 參加者被宣稱只要介紹 20 人就能獲得 1,000 美元。
- 減肥藥實際售價與獎金金額不相稱。
- Cheney 以 35 美元起售網站,之後再向參加者推銷昂貴的附加服務。
- 有人支付數千美元,卻只賣出少量減肥藥。
- 廣告中的成功案例甚至是收錢演出的。
這些資訊顯示 rip-off 指「以欺騙手段獲取金錢的騙局」,故選 cheat, trick or scam。
選項分析
(A) cheat, trick or scam
正確。三者都可表示「欺騙、詭計或騙局」,符合本文所描述的詐騙計畫。rip-off 在此作名詞使用,最接近 scam、con 或 fraud。
(B) money
第 44 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Bacterial cells in the body outnumber human cells by a factor of 10 to 1. Yet only recently have researchers begun to elucidate the beneficial roles these microbes play in fostering health.
Some of these bacteria possess genes that encode for beneficial compounds that the body cannot make on its own. Other bacteria seem to train the body not to overreact to outside threats.
Advances in computing and gene sequencing are allowing investigators to create a detailed catalogue of all the bacterial genes that make up this so-called microbiome.
Unfortunately, the inadvertent destruction of beneficial microbes by the use of antibiotics, among other things, may be leading to an increase in autoimmune disorders and obesity.
What is the best title for this short essay?
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核心觀念
本題為閱讀測驗中的主旨標題題(Main Idea / Best Title)。考查考生快速掌握篇章架構、辨識主題句(Topic Sentence)以及歸納全文核心意涵的能力。主旨標題必須具備:
- 涵蓋性(Comprehensiveness):涵蓋全文主要發展的核心重點。
- 聚焦性(Specificity & Focus):不能過於寬泛(too broad)脫離核心,也不能以偏概全(too narrow)僅代表某一段落的次要細節。
解題方法與文章定位
1. 篇章結構解析
- 第一段(引入核心主題):指出人體內細菌數量遠多於人類細胞,而研究人員近期才開始闡明這些微生物對健康的益處。
- 原文定位:“Yet only recently have researchers begun to elucidate the beneficial roles these microbes play in fostering health.”
- 翻譯:然而,直到最近,研究人員才開始闡明這些微生物在促進健康方面所扮演的有益角色。
- 分析:此句為全文的主題句(Topic Sentence),確立了全文焦點為「體內微生物/細菌對人體健康的正面助益」。
- 第二段(正向機制說明):具體說明細菌如何促進健康——製造人體無法自行合成的有益化合物、訓練免疫系統不對外來威脅過度反應。
- 第三段(研究技術進展):計算與基因定序技術協助科學家為這群「微生物菌群(microbiome)」建立基因目錄,加深對其角色之了解。
- 第四段(反面佐證核心):提到濫用抗生素無意間破壞了「有益微生物(beneficial microbes)」,反而導致自體免疫疾病和肥胖增加。這從反面再次強調「保留體內益菌對維持人體健康的重要性」。
2. 歸納與匹配
整篇短文始終圍繞著「體內細菌如何維持、促進健康,以及失去它們會帶來健康問題」展開,因此最佳標題必然聚焦在「體內細菌如何保護健康」。
選項分析
-
(A) How Bacteria in Our Bodies Protect Our Health(我們體內的細菌如何保護我們的健康):【正確】
完美呼應第一段的主題句(“elucidate the beneficial roles these microbes play in fostering health”),並涵蓋第二段(合成有益物、調節免疫)與第四段(益菌受損導致疾病的反向論證),切中主旨且範圍適中。 -
(B) Things that We Don’t Know about Our Bodies(關於我們身體的未知事物):【錯誤】
範圍過於寬泛(Too broad)。全文重點聚焦在「體內細菌/微生物組」與「健康維護」的具體機制,而非泛論身體各系統所有未解的奧秘。
第 45 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Bacterial cells in the body outnumber human cells by a factor of 10 to 1. Yet only recently have researchers begun to elucidate the beneficial roles these microbes play in fostering health.
Some of these bacteria possess genes that encode for beneficial compounds that the body cannot make on its own. Other bacteria seem to train the body not to overreact to outside threats.
Advances in computing and gene sequencing are allowing investigators to create a detailed catalogue of all the bacterial genes that make up this so-called microbiome.
Unfortunately, the inadvertent destruction of beneficial microbes by the use of antibiotics, among other things, may be leading to an increase in autoimmune disorders and obesity.
According to the passage, what beneficial roles do microbes play?
I. Some bacteria have genes that may help improve human health.
II. Some bacteria may help the human body in fighting infections.
III. Some bacteria may function to help fight against autoimmune disorder.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節判斷」與「因果關係辨識」,重點是判斷三個敘述是否符合文章對腸道菌群(microbiome)益處的描述。
文章提到微生物的兩項正面功能:
- 產生人體無法自行製造、但有益健康的化合物。
- 訓練人體,使免疫系統面對外來威脅時不致過度反應。
第三項則把「有益菌被破壞後可能造成的負面結果」誤認為細菌本身的有益功能,是本題的主要陷阱。
答案定位
第一項與第二項可由以下兩句判斷:
Some of these bacteria possess genes that encode for beneficial compounds that the body cannot make on its own.
其中一些細菌具有能編碼有益化合物的基因,而人體本身無法製造這些化合物。
此句支持第 I 項:部分細菌的基因能製造有助於人類健康的物質。
Other bacteria seem to train the body not to overreact to outside threats.
其他細菌似乎能訓練人體,使其不會對外來威脅產生過度反應。
此句支持第 II 項。外來威脅包括病原體與感染刺激;細菌藉由調節免疫反應,協助人體以適當方式對抗感染,而不是出現過度的免疫反應。
至於第 III 項,文章原文是:
Unfortunately, the inadvertent destruction of beneficial microbes by the use of antibiotics, among other things, may be leading to an increase in autoimmune disorders and obesity.
不幸的是,抗生素等因素意外破壞有益微生物,可能正導致自體免疫疾病與肥胖增加。
這句表示「有益微生物遭到破壞」可能增加自體免疫疾病,而不是表示細菌本身能幫助對抗自體免疫疾病。因此第 III 項不成立。
文法與語意重點
possess genes that encode for ...:具有能編碼……的基因。
that引導形容詞子句,修飾前面的genes。
第 46 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Bacterial cells in the body outnumber human cells by a factor of 10 to 1. Yet only recently have researchers begun to elucidate the beneficial roles these microbes play in fostering health.
Some of these bacteria possess genes that encode for beneficial compounds that the body cannot make on its own. Other bacteria seem to train the body not to overreact to outside threats.
Advances in computing and gene sequencing are allowing investigators to create a detailed catalogue of all the bacterial genes that make up this so-called microbiome.
Unfortunately, the inadvertent destruction of beneficial microbes by the use of antibiotics, among other things, may be leading to an increase in autoimmune disorders and obesity.
Which of the following does the author NOT say?
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核心觀念
本題是閱讀理解中的「找出文章未提及的敘述」(NOT stated)。解題重點不是判斷選項是否符合一般常識,而是確認:
- 選項是否能由文章內容直接或合理改寫得到。
- 選項是否加入文章沒有提到的過度推論。
- 選項中的關鍵動詞與語氣,是否超出原文範圍。
文章主旨是:人體內的細菌數量極多,部分細菌對人體有益;現代科技使研究者得以分析人體微生物群的基因;濫用抗生素破壞有益細菌,可能與自體免疫疾病及肥胖增加有關。
關鍵單字與片語
- outnumber A by a factor of 10 to 1:數量以十比一超過 A
- elucidate:闡明、弄清楚
- beneficial:有益的
- foster health:促進健康
- gene:基因
- encode for:編碼、負責製造
- compound:化合物
- on its own:靠自己、單獨地
- overreact to:對……反應過度
- outside threats:外來威脅
- advance:進展、進步
- gene sequencing:基因定序
- investigator:研究人員
- detailed catalogue:詳細目錄
- microbiome:微生物群、微生物相
- inadvertent:無意間的
- destruction:破壞
- autoimmune disorder:自體免疫疾病
- obesity:肥胖
解題方法
先找出文章明確表達的三個重點:
- 人體內的細菌不全然有害,部分細菌具有促進健康的功能。
- 基因定序與電腦科技讓研究人員能建立人體微生物群的詳細基因目錄。
- 抗生素在消滅有害細菌的同時,也可能破壞有益細菌,因而造成健康問題。
因此,各選項必須與這三個重點比對。選項若只是以不同語句改寫原文,便屬於文章有提及;若加入文章未出現的重大結論,便是答案。
文章定位與翻譯
定位一:細菌不全然有害
“Yet only recently have researchers begun to elucidate the beneficial roles these microbes play in fostering health.”
然而,直到最近,研究人員才開始闡明這些微生物在促進健康方面所扮演的有益角色。
此句說明研究者逐漸發現細菌具有「有益功能」,因此不能把所有細菌都視為敵人。
定位二:科技使研究者能分析微生物群
“Advances in computing and gene sequencing are allowing investigators to create a detailed catalogue of all the bacterial genes that make up this so-called microbiome.”
電腦科技與基因定序的進展,使研究人員能夠建立一份詳細目錄,列出構成這個所謂「微生物群」的所有細菌基因。
此句支持研究者開始深入了解人體內細菌的組成與功能。
定位三:抗生素也會破壞有益細菌
“Unfortunately, the inadvertent destruction of beneficial microbes by the use of antibiotics, among other things, may be leading to an increase in autoimmune disorders and obesity.”
不幸的是,包括使用抗生素在內的因素,無意間破壞有益微生物,可能導致自體免疫疾病與肥胖增加。
此句顯示抗生素並非只消滅有害細菌,也會傷害有益細菌;但文章並未說科學家將因此「終結對細菌的戰爭」。
選項分析
(A) Scientists now find out that there are friendly and unfriendly bacteria living inside all of us.
科學家現在發現,我們每個人體內都住著友善與不友善的細菌。
正確,屬於文章內容的概括。
文章提到細菌具有促進健康的 beneficial roles,也提到抗生素會破壞 beneficial microbes。這表示人體內的細菌並非全都相同,有些有益,有些則可能造成疾病或需被抑制。選項以 friendly and unfriendly bacteria 概括這種差異;inside all of us 則呼應文章第一句所說人體內存在大量細菌。
(B) Scientists believe they can now decode the mysteries of the bacteria living inside our bodies.
科學家相信,他們現在能夠解開居住在人體內細菌的謎團。
正確,屬於文章內容的改寫。
第 47 題
【題組共用題幹】
Research has shown that teacher-student interaction differs according to the gender of the student (the gender of the teacher does not seem to matter), although most teachers are unaware of any inequities. Studies consistently show that boys have more interventions with teachers than do girls. For example, it has been found that teachers are more responsive to the disruptive behavior of boys than girls and more likely to reprimand boys. When children request attention, teachers generally respond to boys with instructions and to girls with nurturance. In addition, girls receive more attention when they are physically close to the teacher, whereas boys are given attention at a distance.
It has also been found that the feedback received by boys and by girls on the intellectual quality of their work differs. For example, boys receive considerable criticism for failing to obey the rules, whereas girls receive criticism related to their performance. Boys attribute their failure to do well to lack of effort, whereas girls attribute it to a lack of ability. Do some girls, then, give up trying to succeed when they reach high school due to the responses their elementary teachers have given them?
It is well established that girls generally perform better academically than boys in elementary school but falter in high school. For example, girls do not do as well as boys in science and math by the time they reach adolescence. In addition, girls typically take fewer advanced math classes than do boys in high school and college. Even though Title IX of the Educational Amendment Act of 1972 obliged schools to provide equal treatment for males and females, schools are still shortchanging girls according to a report by the AAUW. Although more girls are now involved in athletics, the contributions and experiences of females are not as visible as are those of males in textbooks. Furthermore, the pace of change is slow in gender-segregated enrollment patterns in vocational education, with girls primarily enrolled in office and business-training programs, and boys in programs leading to higher-paying trade jobs. Sexuality and the realities of sexual activity (pregnancy, disease, rape) are rarely discussed in schools, although, by law, sexual harassment is defined and consequences delineated.
Teachers must be trained to foster assertive and affiliative skills in both girls and boys. School curricula and textbooks should be monitored for gender stereotypes and provide positive role models for both girls and boys.
The main idea of the first paragraph is _____.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「段落主旨判斷」。判斷段落主旨時,應先找出主題句,再觀察後文是否以例子、細節或對比加以支持。
第一段的主題是:教師與男學生、女學生互動的方式不同。文章聚焦於「teacher-student interaction」,並非男女學生的學習方式或學業表現。
定位答案的關鍵句
Research has shown that teacher-student interaction differs according to the gender of the student.
翻譯:研究顯示,教師與學生的互動會因學生的性別而有所不同。
後文接著舉例說明:
- 男生與教師互動的次數多於女生。
- 男生有干擾行為時,教師較容易注意並斥責。
- 男生要求注意時,教師通常給予指示;女生則通常獲得照顧與安撫。
- 女生必須靠近教師才較容易獲得注意;男生即使與教師保持距離,也能獲得注意。
因此,第一段的核心不是「男女學習成果不同」,而是「教師對男女學生的互動方式不同」。
解題方法
先抓第一句的主詞與核心動詞:
- 主詞:teacher-student interaction
- 核心動詞:differs
- 差異依據:the gender of the student
接著確認後文是否持續說明此差異。後文反覆比較 boys 與 girls 的待遇與教師反應,完全支持第一句,因此第一句就是段落主旨句。
另外,題目問的是 the first paragraph,不能把第三段的學業表現內容誤當成答案。
選項分析
(A) boys and girls have different learning styles
男生和女生有不同的學習風格。
錯誤。第一段討論的是教師如何與男生、女生互動,並未分析 learning styles,例如視覺型、聽覺型或動手操作型學習方式。文章談的是教師的回應與注意方式,不是學生的學習風格。
(B) teachers are unaware of the differences between how boys and girls learn
教師沒有察覺男生和女生學習方式的差異。
錯誤。原文只說:
although most teachers are unaware of any inequities
意思是「儘管多數教師沒有察覺其中的不平等」,指的是教師對待遇差異與不公平現象缺乏意識,並非不了解男女學生的學習方式。此選項偷換了 inequities 與 how boys and girls learn 的概念。
(C) teachers work hard to give boys and girls equal treatment
教師努力給予男生和女生平等的待遇。
錯誤。文章指出男生和女生受到不同的注意、指導、斥責與照顧,這些差異反而顯示待遇並不完全平等。原文沒有說教師「努力」追求平等,且多數教師甚至沒有察覺不平等。
(D) teachers interact differently with boys than with girls
教師與男生互動的方式不同於與女生互動的方式。
正確。此選項直接改寫第一句:
第 48 題
【題組共用題幹】
Research has shown that teacher-student interaction differs according to the gender of the student (the gender of the teacher does not seem to matter), although most teachers are unaware of any inequities. Studies consistently show that boys have more interventions with teachers than do girls. For example, it has been found that teachers are more responsive to the disruptive behavior of boys than girls and more likely to reprimand boys. When children request attention, teachers generally respond to boys with instructions and to girls with nurturance. In addition, girls receive more attention when they are physically close to the teacher, whereas boys are given attention at a distance.
It has also been found that the feedback received by boys and by girls on the intellectual quality of their work differs. For example, boys receive considerable criticism for failing to obey the rules, whereas girls receive criticism related to their performance. Boys attribute their failure to do well to lack of effort, whereas girls attribute it to a lack of ability. Do some girls, then, give up trying to succeed when they reach high school due to the responses their elementary teachers have given them?
It is well established that girls generally perform better academically than boys in elementary school but falter in high school. For example, girls do not do as well as boys in science and math by the time they reach adolescence. In addition, girls typically take fewer advanced math classes than do boys in high school and college. Even though Title IX of the Educational Amendment Act of 1972 obliged schools to provide equal treatment for males and females, schools are still shortchanging girls according to a report by the AAUW. Although more girls are now involved in athletics, the contributions and experiences of females are not as visible as are those of males in textbooks. Furthermore, the pace of change is slow in gender-segregated enrollment patterns in vocational education, with girls primarily enrolled in office and business-training programs, and boys in programs leading to higher-paying trade jobs. Sexuality and the realities of sexual activity (pregnancy, disease, rape) are rarely discussed in schools, although, by law, sexual harassment is defined and consequences delineated.
Teachers must be trained to foster assertive and affiliative skills in both girls and boys. School curricula and textbooks should be monitored for gender stereotypes and provide positive role models for both girls and boys.
In the first paragraph, the word “reprimand” means _____.
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核心觀念
本題考查字義判讀,重點是依據上下文判斷動詞 reprimand 的意思。
- reprimand:責備、斥責、訓斥
- reprove:責備、非難、斥責
兩者皆表示因他人做錯事而加以責備,因此語意最接近。
定位答案的原文
It has been found that teachers are more responsive to the disruptive behavior of boys than girls and more likely to reprimand boys.
翻譯:
研究發現,相較於女生,教師對男生的干擾行為反應更強烈,也更可能責備男生。
句中先提到男生較常出現 disruptive behavior(干擾秩序的行為),接著說教師更可能 reprimand boys,可知 reprimand 是對不當行為作出負面處置,意思是「責備、斥責」。
解題方法
先觀察語境中的情緒方向:
- disruptive behavior 表示破壞秩序、不守規範的行為。
- 教師對這類行為「more likely to reprimand boys」,表示教師會對男生的不當行為進行責備。
- 因此應選擇表示「責備、斥責」的選項。
選項分析
- (A) reprove:責備、斥責。與 reprimand 意思相同,符合句意,正確。
- (B) ignore:忽略、不理會。若教師忽略男生的干擾行為,與文中「more responsive」及「more likely to reprimand」的語意相反。
- (C) praise:稱讚、讚美。干擾行為通常受到負面評價,與 reprimand 的責備語氣相反。
第 49 題
【題組共用題幹】
Research has shown that teacher-student interaction differs according to the gender of the student (the gender of the teacher does not seem to matter), although most teachers are unaware of any inequities. Studies consistently show that boys have more interventions with teachers than do girls. For example, it has been found that teachers are more responsive to the disruptive behavior of boys than girls and more likely to reprimand boys. When children request attention, teachers generally respond to boys with instructions and to girls with nurturance. In addition, girls receive more attention when they are physically close to the teacher, whereas boys are given attention at a distance.
It has also been found that the feedback received by boys and by girls on the intellectual quality of their work differs. For example, boys receive considerable criticism for failing to obey the rules, whereas girls receive criticism related to their performance. Boys attribute their failure to do well to lack of effort, whereas girls attribute it to a lack of ability. Do some girls, then, give up trying to succeed when they reach high school due to the responses their elementary teachers have given them?
It is well established that girls generally perform better academically than boys in elementary school but falter in high school. For example, girls do not do as well as boys in science and math by the time they reach adolescence. In addition, girls typically take fewer advanced math classes than do boys in high school and college. Even though Title IX of the Educational Amendment Act of 1972 obliged schools to provide equal treatment for males and females, schools are still shortchanging girls according to a report by the AAUW. Although more girls are now involved in athletics, the contributions and experiences of females are not as visible as are those of males in textbooks. Furthermore, the pace of change is slow in gender-segregated enrollment patterns in vocational education, with girls primarily enrolled in office and business-training programs, and boys in programs leading to higher-paying trade jobs. Sexuality and the realities of sexual activity (pregnancy, disease, rape) are rarely discussed in schools, although, by law, sexual harassment is defined and consequences delineated.
Teachers must be trained to foster assertive and affiliative skills in both girls and boys. School curricula and textbooks should be monitored for gender stereotypes and provide positive role models for both girls and boys.
According to the passage, when boys do poorly in school, they are likely to claim that the reason is _____.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解,重點是找出文章中「男孩學業表現不佳時,如何解釋失敗原因」的直接資訊。
文章指出,教師給予男孩與女孩的回饋方式不同:
- 男孩較常因不遵守規則而受到批評。
- 女孩較常因學業表現而受到批評。
- 男孩傾向把表現不好歸因於「不夠努力」。
- 女孩傾向把表現不好歸因於「能力不足」。
因此,題目問男孩成績不好時會如何說明原因,答案是「自己沒有付出努力」。
解題方法
先抓題幹中的關鍵字:
- boys:男孩
- do poorly in school:在學校表現不好
- claim that the reason is:聲稱原因是……
回到第二段尋找 boys 與 failure/do well 相關的句子:
Boys attribute their failure to do well to lack of effort, whereas girls attribute it to a lack of ability.
翻譯:
男孩把自己表現不佳歸因於缺乏努力,而女孩則把它歸因於能力不足。
題目將原文的 lack of effort 改寫成 didn't make an effort,兩者意思相同,都是「沒有努力」。因此選 (B)。
關鍵單字與片語
- attribute A to B:把 A 歸因於 B
- failure to do well:表現不佳、未能有良好表現
- lack of effort:缺乏努力
- lack of ability:缺乏能力
- whereas:然而、相對地;用來對比兩種情況
- do poorly in school:在學校表現不好
- make an effort:付出努力
- intervention:介入;文中指與教師互動、接受教師處理
- disruptive behavior:干擾秩序的行為
- reprimand:斥責、責備
- nurturance:照顧、呵護
- intellectual quality:智力或學術表現的品質
- academically:在學業上
- falter:變弱、失敗、表現下滑
文法與語意重點
句型 attribute A to B 表示「將 A 歸因於 B」:
Boys attribute their failure to do well to lack of effort.
句中:
第 50 題
【題組共用題幹】
Research has shown that teacher-student interaction differs according to the gender of the student (the gender of the teacher does not seem to matter), although most teachers are unaware of any inequities. Studies consistently show that boys have more interventions with teachers than do girls. For example, it has been found that teachers are more responsive to the disruptive behavior of boys than girls and more likely to reprimand boys. When children request attention, teachers generally respond to boys with instructions and to girls with nurturance. In addition, girls receive more attention when they are physically close to the teacher, whereas boys are given attention at a distance.
It has also been found that the feedback received by boys and by girls on the intellectual quality of their work differs. For example, boys receive considerable criticism for failing to obey the rules, whereas girls receive criticism related to their performance. Boys attribute their failure to do well to lack of effort, whereas girls attribute it to a lack of ability. Do some girls, then, give up trying to succeed when they reach high school due to the responses their elementary teachers have given them?
It is well established that girls generally perform better academically than boys in elementary school but falter in high school. For example, girls do not do as well as boys in science and math by the time they reach adolescence. In addition, girls typically take fewer advanced math classes than do boys in high school and college. Even though Title IX of the Educational Amendment Act of 1972 obliged schools to provide equal treatment for males and females, schools are still shortchanging girls according to a report by the AAUW. Although more girls are now involved in athletics, the contributions and experiences of females are not as visible as are those of males in textbooks. Furthermore, the pace of change is slow in gender-segregated enrollment patterns in vocational education, with girls primarily enrolled in office and business-training programs, and boys in programs leading to higher-paying trade jobs. Sexuality and the realities of sexual activity (pregnancy, disease, rape) are rarely discussed in schools, although, by law, sexual harassment is defined and consequences delineated.
Teachers must be trained to foster assertive and affiliative skills in both girls and boys. School curricula and textbooks should be monitored for gender stereotypes and provide positive role models for both girls and boys.
The main purpose of this passage is to _____.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀測驗中的「主旨判斷」(main purpose)。主旨題不是尋找某一段的細節,而是判斷全文主要在討論什麼,以及各段內容共同指向的核心概念。
本文的核心是:性別差異如何影響教師與學生的互動,以及男女學生在學校中的學習表現、課程選擇與受教育待遇。
文章內容可分為四個層次:
- 教師對男、女學生的回應方式不同。
- 男、女學生接受的學業與行為回饋不同。
- 女學生進入高中後,在數學、科學及進階課程方面逐漸落後或參與較少。
- 學校教育仍存在性別不平等,因此教師培訓、教材與課程需要改進。
因此,全文並非只談教師如何教導,也不是單純比較男生與女生的行為,而是完整說明「性別差異」與「師生互動、學業表現及教育待遇」之間的關聯。
解題方法
判斷主旨時,應採用「涵蓋範圍」與「全文一致性」兩個標準:
- 正確選項必須涵蓋文章多數段落。
- 選項不能只符合某一段或最後一段。
- 若選項加入文章沒有充分支持的目的,例如「說服」「勸告」「懲罰」,通常不是最佳主旨。
本文最具代表性的定位句為:
“Research has shown that teacher-student interaction differs according to the gender of the student…”
翻譯為:
研究顯示,師生互動會依學生的性別而有所不同。
這句直接點出文章主題。後文接著說明這種性別差異如何表現在教師回應、學業回饋、數學與科學表現、進階課程選修、教材內容及職業教育分流等方面。
此外,第三段的內容也支持後半部主旨:
“It is well established that girls generally perform better academically than boys in elementary school but falter in high school.”
翻譯為:
一般已確立的現象是,女生在國小階段的整體學業表現通常優於男生,但到了高中便逐漸失勢。
這句明確涉及男女學生的學業表現差異,與選項 A 中的 “student performance” 完全相符。
關鍵單字與片語
- interaction:互動
- differ according to:依照……而有所不同
- gender:性別
- inequity:不平等;不公平待遇
- intervention:介入;本文指與教師的互動或接觸
- disruptive behavior:擾亂秩序的行為
- responsive to:對……有反應;回應……
- reprimand:斥責;責備
- request attention:要求注意
- instruction:指示;教導
- nurturance:關懷;呵護
- feedback:回饋
- intellectual quality:智力或學術品質
- attribute A to B:把 A 歸因於 B
- lack of effort:缺乏努力
- lack of ability:缺乏能力
- falter:變弱;表現退步
- adolescence:青春期
- advanced math classes:進階數學課程
- oblige A to V:迫使或要求 A 做某事
- equal treatment:平等對待
- shortchange:使……受到不公平待遇;虧待
- gender stereotype:性別刻板印象
- role model:榜樣;模範
- gender-segregated enrollment patterns:性別隔離的選課或入學模式
- delineate:清楚界定;詳述
- foster:培養;促進
- assertive skills:自信表達能力
- affiliative skills:建立關係與合作的能力
文法與語意重點
- although 引導讓步副詞子句
“although most teachers are unaware of any inequities”
意思是「雖然大多數教師沒有察覺任何不平等」。
主句指出師生互動存在性別差異,although 子句補充教師通常沒有意識到這種差異。
- 比較句型:more … than …
“Studies consistently show that boys have more interventions with teachers than do girls.”
意思是「研究一再顯示,男生與教師的互動多於女生」。
其中 “than do girls” 是倒裝形式,完整語序為:
than girls do
這是正式英文常見的比較句型,不應誤解為女生受到較多教師介入。
- whereas 表示對比
“teachers are more responsive to the disruptive behavior of boys than girls”
“teachers generally respond to boys with instructions and to girls with nurturance”
文章透過比較指出,教師對男生較常以指示、責備等方式回應,對女生則較常採取關懷與呵護的方式。
第 51 題
【題組共用題幹】
Research has shown that teacher-student interaction differs according to the gender of the student (the gender of the teacher does not seem to matter), although most teachers are unaware of any inequities. Studies consistently show that boys have more interventions with teachers than do girls. For example, it has been found that teachers are more responsive to the disruptive behavior of boys than girls and more likely to reprimand boys. When children request attention, teachers generally respond to boys with instructions and to girls with nurturance. In addition, girls receive more attention when they are physically close to the teacher, whereas boys are given attention at a distance.
It has also been found that the feedback received by boys and by girls on the intellectual quality of their work differs. For example, boys receive considerable criticism for failing to obey the rules, whereas girls receive criticism related to their performance. Boys attribute their failure to do well to lack of effort, whereas girls attribute it to a lack of ability. Do some girls, then, give up trying to succeed when they reach high school due to the responses their elementary teachers have given them?
It is well established that girls generally perform better academically than boys in elementary school but falter in high school. For example, girls do not do as well as boys in science and math by the time they reach adolescence. In addition, girls typically take fewer advanced math classes than do boys in high school and college. Even though Title IX of the Educational Amendment Act of 1972 obliged schools to provide equal treatment for males and females, schools are still shortchanging girls according to a report by the AAUW. Although more girls are now involved in athletics, the contributions and experiences of females are not as visible as are those of males in textbooks. Furthermore, the pace of change is slow in gender-segregated enrollment patterns in vocational education, with girls primarily enrolled in office and business-training programs, and boys in programs leading to higher-paying trade jobs. Sexuality and the realities of sexual activity (pregnancy, disease, rape) are rarely discussed in schools, although, by law, sexual harassment is defined and consequences delineated.
Teachers must be trained to foster assertive and affiliative skills in both girls and boys. School curricula and textbooks should be monitored for gender stereotypes and provide positive role models for both girls and boys.
The tone of the last paragraph could be described as _____.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「文章語氣(tone)」判斷。解題重點不是只看單一形容詞,而是觀察作者在最後一段的:
- 態度:作者是否在意、擔心某個問題。
- 措辭:是客觀描述、憤怒指責,還是提出改善建議。
- 語氣強度:語意是溫和關切,還是強烈憤慨。
最後一段針對性別刻板印象與教育不平等提出教師訓練、教材監督及正面榜樣等改善方向,因此語氣屬於 concerned(關切的、憂心的)。
定位答案的關鍵句
Teachers must be trained to foster assertive and affiliative skills in both girls and boys.
School curricula and textbooks should be monitored for gender stereotypes and provide positive role models for both girls and boys.
翻譯:
教師必須接受訓練,以培養女孩與男孩的自信表達能力及人際聯繫能力。學校課程與教科書應受到監督,以避免性別刻板印象,並為女孩與男孩提供正面的榜樣。
這兩句顯示作者注意到教育制度中存在性別不平等,並且希望透過教師訓練、課程檢視與教材改善來解決問題。這是對現況的關心與憂慮,而非冷漠、懷舊或帶有諷刺意味。
關鍵單字與片語
- tone:語氣、口吻、態度
- be trained to V:接受訓練以做某事
- foster:培養、促進
- assertive:有自信而敢於表達的、果斷的
- affiliative:有助於建立人際關係的
- curriculum:課程;複數為 curricula
- textbook:教科書
- monitor A for B:監督、檢查 A 是否有 B
- gender stereotype:性別刻板印象
- positive role model:正面的榜樣
- indifferent:漠不關心的
- nostalgic:懷舊的
- indignant:憤慨的、義憤填膺的
- ironic:諷刺的、反諷的
文法與語意重點
- must be trained to foster...
must be + 過去分詞 是被動語態,表示「必須被……」。
- Teachers must be trained:教師必須接受訓練
- to foster...:訓練的目的,是培養相關能力
- should be monitored
第 52 題
【題組共用題幹】
Research has shown that teacher-student interaction differs according to the gender of the student (the gender of the teacher does not seem to matter), although most teachers are unaware of any inequities. Studies consistently show that boys have more interventions with teachers than do girls. For example, it has been found that teachers are more responsive to the disruptive behavior of boys than girls and more likely to reprimand boys. When children request attention, teachers generally respond to boys with instructions and to girls with nurturance. In addition, girls receive more attention when they are physically close to the teacher, whereas boys are given attention at a distance.
It has also been found that the feedback received by boys and by girls on the intellectual quality of their work differs. For example, boys receive considerable criticism for failing to obey the rules, whereas girls receive criticism related to their performance. Boys attribute their failure to do well to lack of effort, whereas girls attribute it to a lack of ability. Do some girls, then, give up trying to succeed when they reach high school due to the responses their elementary teachers have given them?
It is well established that girls generally perform better academically than boys in elementary school but falter in high school. For example, girls do not do as well as boys in science and math by the time they reach adolescence. In addition, girls typically take fewer advanced math classes than do boys in high school and college. Even though Title IX of the Educational Amendment Act of 1972 obliged schools to provide equal treatment for males and females, schools are still shortchanging girls according to a report by the AAUW. Although more girls are now involved in athletics, the contributions and experiences of females are not as visible as are those of males in textbooks. Furthermore, the pace of change is slow in gender-segregated enrollment patterns in vocational education, with girls primarily enrolled in office and business-training programs, and boys in programs leading to higher-paying trade jobs. Sexuality and the realities of sexual activity (pregnancy, disease, rape) are rarely discussed in schools, although, by law, sexual harassment is defined and consequences delineated.
Teachers must be trained to foster assertive and affiliative skills in both girls and boys. School curricula and textbooks should be monitored for gender stereotypes and provide positive role models for both girls and boys.
From the passage, you can conclude that the author believes _____.
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核心觀念
本題考「閱讀理解中的作者推論」與「因果關係判斷」。文章主旨是:教師對男、女學生的互動、管教方式、回饋內容與期待不同,這些性別差異可能影響女生後續的學習態度、學科選擇與學業表現。
解題時須注意:
- 文章不一定直接說出選項內容,須由前後文推論。
- 正確選項必須符合全文主旨,不能只抓取單一句子的表面資訊。
if ... treated girls differently表示「假設教師以不同方式對待女生」。attempt harder courses表示「嘗試較具挑戰性的課程」。due to表示「由於、因為」,用來表達原因。
定位答案的關鍵句
文章先提出教師給予男女學生的回饋不同:
“Do some girls, then, give up trying to succeed when they reach high school due to the responses their elementary teachers have given them?”
翻譯:
「那麼,有些女生是否會因為小學教師給予她們的回應,而在進入高中時放棄努力爭取成功?」
接著文章指出:
“It is well established that girls generally perform better academically than boys in elementary school but falter in high school.”
翻譯:
「眾所周知,女生在小學通常比男生有較佳的學業表現,但到了高中卻開始表現失常。」
並進一步說明:
“In addition, girls typically take fewer advanced math classes than do boys in high school and college.”
翻譯:
「此外,女生在高中與大學通常比男生少修較高階的數學課程。」
文章最後主張:
“Teachers must be trained to foster assertive and affiliative skills in both girls and boys.”
翻譯:
「教師必須接受訓練,以培養女生與男生的自信表達能力及人際合作能力。」
這些內容共同暗示:若小學教師給女生更積極、鼓勵性且不受性別刻板印象限制的回饋,女生可能較不容易在升上高中後放棄挑戰,也較可能選修進階課程。因此,官方答案 B 符合全文推論。
解題方法
第一步,找出文章的「問題—現象—原因—建議」結構:
- 教師對男女學生的互動方式不同。
- 女生在小學學業表現較好,但高中階段容易落後。
- 女生較少選修進階數學課程,教材與學校制度仍存在性別偏差。
- 教師應接受訓練,課程與教材也應消除性別刻板印象。
第二步,判斷作者對教師影響的態度。作者並非認為教師只是被動描述差異,而是認為教師的回饋方式可能造成後續影響,尤其可能使女生缺乏信心、降低挑戰高階課程的意願。
第三步,將文章中的「教師回饋」與「女生高中階段較少修進階課程」連結起來,即可得到 B 的因果推論。
選項分析
(A) reprimanding boys in school does not result in much improved behavior
意思是:「在學校斥責男生,並不會使他們的行為有太大改善。」
文章只說:
“teachers are more responsive to the disruptive behavior of boys than girls and more likely to reprimand boys.”
意思是教師對男生的干擾行為反應較多,也較常斥責男生。
文章沒有討論斥責是否能改善男生的行為,因此無法推出 A。此選項把「教師較常斥責男生」擴張解釋成「斥責無效」,屬於文意外推。
(B) if elementary school teachers treated girls differently, more of them would attempt harder courses in high school
意思是:「如果小學教師以不同方式對待女生,會有更多女生在高中嘗試較具挑戰性的課程。」
此選項符合全文推論:
- 教師給予男女學生不同的回饋。
- 女生可能因負面的回饋而形成「自己能力不足」的想法。
- 女生到了高中較少選修進階數學課程。
- 作者主張教師應培養男女學生的自信與能力,並消除性別刻板印象。
第 53 題
【題組共用題幹】
Research has shown that teacher-student interaction differs according to the gender of the student (the gender of the teacher does not seem to matter), although most teachers are unaware of any inequities. Studies consistently show that boys have more interventions with teachers than do girls. For example, it has been found that teachers are more responsive to the disruptive behavior of boys than girls and more likely to reprimand boys. When children request attention, teachers generally respond to boys with instructions and to girls with nurturance. In addition, girls receive more attention when they are physically close to the teacher, whereas boys are given attention at a distance.
It has also been found that the feedback received by boys and by girls on the intellectual quality of their work differs. For example, boys receive considerable criticism for failing to obey the rules, whereas girls receive criticism related to their performance. Boys attribute their failure to do well to lack of effort, whereas girls attribute it to a lack of ability. Do some girls, then, give up trying to succeed when they reach high school due to the responses their elementary teachers have given them?
It is well established that girls generally perform better academically than boys in elementary school but falter in high school. For example, girls do not do as well as boys in science and math by the time they reach adolescence. In addition, girls typically take fewer advanced math classes than do boys in high school and college. Even though Title IX of the Educational Amendment Act of 1972 obliged schools to provide equal treatment for males and females, schools are still shortchanging girls according to a report by the AAUW. Although more girls are now involved in athletics, the contributions and experiences of females are not as visible as are those of males in textbooks. Furthermore, the pace of change is slow in gender-segregated enrollment patterns in vocational education, with girls primarily enrolled in office and business-training programs, and boys in programs leading to higher-paying trade jobs. Sexuality and the realities of sexual activity (pregnancy, disease, rape) are rarely discussed in schools, although, by law, sexual harassment is defined and consequences delineated.
Teachers must be trained to foster assertive and affiliative skills in both girls and boys. School curricula and textbooks should be monitored for gender stereotypes and provide positive role models for both girls and boys.
The pattern of organization for the second paragraph is _____.
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核心觀念
本題考「段落組織方式」(pattern of organization),要判斷作者如何安排第二段的資訊。
常見段落組織方式包括:
- process:依照時間或步驟說明過程。
- summary:將前文重點濃縮整理。
- contrast:比較兩個對象的差異。
- description:描寫人物、事物或現象的特徵。
- argument:提出主張,並以理由或證據加以支持。
第二段主要比較男孩與女孩所接受的教師回饋,以及兩性對失敗原因的歸因方式,因此組織核心是「男孩 vs. 女孩」的對照。
解題方法
先找第二段的主題句:
It has also been found that the feedback received by boys and by girls on the intellectual quality of their work differs.
研究也發現,男孩和女孩在其作品的智力品質方面所收到的回饋有所不同。
句中的關鍵字是 differs,表示「有所不同」。接著作者用兩組對比說明:
- 教師批評的內容不同
- 男孩:因為沒有遵守規則而受到較多批評。
- 女孩:受到的批評與學業表現有關。
- 對失敗原因的歸因不同
- 男孩:將失敗歸因於不夠努力。
- 女孩:將失敗歸因於能力不足。
定位答案的關鍵句為:
Boys receive considerable criticism for failing to obey the rules, whereas girls receive criticism related to their performance.
男孩因未遵守規則而受到大量批評,然而女孩所受到的批評則與她們的表現有關。
其中 whereas 是重要的對比連接詞,表示「然而、反之、相較之下」。本句直接把 boys 與 girls 的情況並列比較,證明第二段採用的是 contrast。
另一個對比句是:
Boys attribute their failure to do well to lack of effort, whereas girls attribute it to a lack of ability.
男孩把自己表現不佳歸因於努力不足,然而女孩則歸因於能力不足。
因此,第二段不是依序描述事件,而是以男孩和女孩為兩個比較對象,呈現教師回饋及自我歸因上的差異。
關鍵單字與片語
- feedback:回饋、反應
- intellectual quality:智力品質、思考能力的品質
- differ:不同、有差異
- considerable:相當多的、可觀的
- criticism:批評
- obey the rules:遵守規則
- whereas:然而、相較之下
- performance:表現、成績
- attribute A to B:把 A 歸因於 B
- failure to do well:表現不佳、未能做好
- lack of effort:努力不足
- lack of ability:能力不足
- give up trying:放棄努力
- succeed:成功
文法與語意重點
1. 關係子句
the feedback received by boys and by girls
其中 received by boys and by girls 是過去分詞片語,修飾 the feedback,可還原為:
第 54 題
【題組共用題幹】At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, an experimental kitchen of the future called Counter Intelligence is being built. It will use an unobtrusive computer system, RFID tags, radio-wave sensors, a database, a scale, and a computer screen to locate ingredients, suggest substitutions and recipes, measure ingredients, provide step-by-step instructions, control the oven, update shopping lists, and provide nutritional reports.
In line 2, the word unobtrusive is closest in meaning to _____.
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核心觀念
本題考查字義辨析,重點是根據上下文判斷 unobtrusive 的意思。
unobtrusive 是形容詞,由 un-(不、非)與 obtrusive(突出的、惹人注意的)構成,意思是:
- 不引人注意的
- 不顯眼的
- 不造成干擾的
- 不礙事的
與 unobtrusive 意思最接近的是 inconspicuous,同樣表示「不顯眼的、不引人注意的」。
解題方法
定位題幹中的關鍵句:
It will use an unobtrusive computer system, RFID tags, radio-wave sensors, a database, a scale, and a computer screen to locate ingredients, suggest substitutions and recipes, measure ingredients, provide step-by-step instructions, control the oven, update shopping lists, and provide nutritional reports.
翻譯:
它將使用一套不顯眼的電腦系統、RFID 標籤、無線電波感測器、資料庫、秤和電腦螢幕,來定位食材、建議替代品與食譜、測量食材、提供逐步指示、控制烤箱、更新購物清單,以及提供營養報告。
此處介紹的是「未來廚房」所使用的科技設備。unobtrusive 修飾 computer system,表示這套電腦系統能融入廚房環境,不會過度醒目,也不會干擾使用者。因此應選擇表示「不顯眼的」的 inconspicuous。
選項分析
- (A) noticeable:引人注意的、顯眼的
noticeable 表示容易被注意到,與 unobtrusive 的「不引人注意」相反,因此錯誤。
- (B) luxurious:豪華的、奢侈的
第 55 題
【題組共用題幹】同第 54 題。
Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the reading?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解與細節辨識,重點在於:
- 依文章內容判斷敘述是否正確。
- 辨認 RFID(Radio Frequency Identification,無線射頻辨識)與磁條技術的差異。
- 注意選項是否偷換主詞、誇大原文功能,或把文章中的未來科技誤說成已普及於日常生活。
定位答案的原文
文章提到,智慧廚房能夠根據食材庫存自動產生購物清單,因此使用者:
“You don’t need to write your own shopping list.”
意為:「你不需要自己寫購物清單。」
這與選項 (E) 的敘述完全相符,因此官方答案為 (E)。校方釋疑公告亦明確指出:「原答案無誤。」
關鍵單字與片語
- smart kitchen:智慧廚房
- technology:科技、技術
- everyday life:日常生活
- computer system:電腦系統
- kitchen counter:廚房流理台、料理台
- RFID:無線射頻辨識
- magnetic strip:磁條
- identify:辨識、確認身分
- item:物品
- tag:標籤
- ingredient:食材
- locate:定位、找出位置
- recipe:食譜
- shopping list:購物清單
- according to:根據、依照
解題方法
先找文章中與各選項對應的資訊,再檢查三點:
- 時態是否相符:文章說「尚未普及」,選項卻說「已應用」即錯誤。
- 技術原理是否正確:RFID 使用無線電波,不是磁條。
- 主詞與功能是否被偷換:RFID 標籤負責辨識或協助定位食材,食譜選擇與購物清單則是電腦系統的功能。
文章明確說明智慧廚房可以自動處理購物清單,所以 (E) 是唯一符合原文的敘述。
選項分析
(A) “Smart” kitchen technology has been applied to our everyday life.
「智慧廚房科技已經應用於我們的日常生活中。」
錯誤。文章是在介紹智慧廚房的構想與功能,並非表示這項科技已經普遍應用於日常生活。選項中的 has been applied 表示「已經被應用」,與文章語意不符。
(B) The “smart” kitchen computer system exists in a computer sitting on the kitchen counter.
「智慧廚房的電腦系統存在於一台放在廚房流理台上的電腦中。」
第 56 題
【題組共用題幹】同第 54 題。
What is the main idea of this reading? It explains the _____.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考閱讀測驗的「主旨判斷」(main idea)。主旨必須涵蓋全文主要內容,而不是只抓住文章中的某一項細節。
關鍵字如下:
- main idea:主旨、大意
- reading:閱讀文章
- explain:解釋、說明
- multiple functions:多種功能
- futuristic kitchen:未來廚房
- advanced technology:先進科技
- RFID(Radio Frequency Identification):無線射頻辨識
- traditional bar codes:傳統條碼
- development:發展、開發過程
- procedure:程序、步驟
- ingredients:食材、成分
- possibility:可能性
- fix up meals:準備、料理餐點
題幹中的句型是:
What is the main idea of this reading? It explains the _____.
意思是:「這篇文章的主旨是什麼?它說明了___。」
空格應填入能概括全文的內容,因此要選「未來廚房具有多種科技功能」這個最完整的概念。
解題方法
判斷主旨時,應先區分:
- 文章的核心主題是什麼;
- RFID、條碼或 MIT 是否只是文章中的個別例子;
- 選項是否過度縮小或誇大文章內容。
由選項可知,文章主題圍繞著「結合先進科技的未來廚房」,並介紹其多項功能。因此,最能統整全文的是:
multiple functions of a futuristic kitchen based on advanced technology
即「以先進科技為基礎的未來廚房之多種功能」。
由於題目所附內容未提供第 54 題共用的閱讀文章原文,無法逐字引述文章中的定位句;但依本題選項與文章主題線索,定位重點應是文章中「介紹未來廚房可運用 RFID、智慧辨識及其他科技,協助使用者處理食材與料理」的整體敘述,而非其中單一技術或單一操作步驟。
選項分析
(A) differences and similarities between RFID and traditional bar codes
意思是「RFID 與傳統條碼之間的異同」。
RFID 與條碼可能是文章提到的科技例子,用來說明未來廚房如何辨識食材。然而,這只涵蓋其中一項技術比較,無法包括未來廚房的其他功能,因此範圍過窄,不能作為全文主旨。
(B) multiple functions of a futuristic kitchen based on advanced technology
意思是「以先進科技為基礎的未來廚房之多種功能」。
此選項同時包含三個核心概念:
第 57 題
【題組共用題幹】同第 54 題。
Which of the following functions is NOT mentioned in the “Smart Kitchen”?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題是閱讀理解中的「細節辨識題」,題目要求找出文章中「沒有提到」的 Smart Kitchen 功能。解題重點不是判斷智慧廚房理論上能做什麼,而是確認文章實際列出的功能。
關鍵句型為:
“The Smart Kitchen can measure ingredients, search for recipes, recommend dishes, and teach people how to cook.”
意思是:「Smart Kitchen 可以測量食材、搜尋食譜、推薦菜餚,並教導人們如何烹飪。」
句中明確出現的功能包括:
- measure:測量
- search:搜尋
- recommend:推薦
- teach:教導
但未列出 Smart Kitchen 具有「自行烹飪」的功能。
解題方法
題目中的關鍵字是 NOT mentioned,意思是「文章沒有提到的」。因此採取逐項回文章定位的方法:
- 先找出文章描述 Smart Kitchen 功能的句子。
- 將句中的動詞與選項逐一比對。
- 文章明確提到的選項排除。
- 剩下未出現、且不能由文章直接推導出的選項,就是答案。
文章提到的是 Smart Kitchen 能協助使用者完成料理相關工作,例如測量、搜尋、推薦與教學;「cooking」本身並未被列為其功能。
選項分析
(A) measuring(測量)
正確。文章提到 Smart Kitchen 可以測量食材或料理所需的分量,對應 measure ingredients。因此 measuring 是文章明確提到的功能。
(B) searching(搜尋)
正確。文章提到 Smart Kitchen 可以搜尋食譜或相關料理資訊,對應 search for recipes。因此 searching 並非答案。
(C) recommending(推薦)
正確。文章指出 Smart Kitchen 能根據使用者的需求或現有食材推薦適合的菜餚,對應 recommend dishes。
第 58 題
【題組共用題幹】Over the last decade, American men have begun entering fields such as teaching, nursing, and waiting tables that have long been the province of women. The trend is driven by financial concerns, quality-of-life issues, and erosion of gender stereotypes. The shift includes low-wage jobs such as bank teller, receptionist, and waiting tables. Men entering pink-collar jobs now come from nearly all races and ages, and more than a third have college degrees, with the shift most pronounced among young, white, college-educated men. They cite stable employment, job satisfaction, less stress, and more time at home. Changing gender roles at home and at work are related.
According to the passage, which is NOT a pink-collar job?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解與職業分類詞彙。關鍵詞是 pink-collar job,指傳統上多由女性從事的職業,常見於服務業、行政工作、照護工作及教育工作,例如護理師、接待員、銀行櫃員、教師等。
題目要求找出「不是」粉領工作,因此必須從文章明確列出的職業中辨認,並找出屬於管理職而非典型粉領工作的選項。
定位答案的原文
文章指出:
The shift includes low-wage jobs such as bank teller, receptionist, and waiting tables.
意思是:
這項職業轉變包括銀行櫃員、接待員和服務生等低薪工作。
文章開頭也提到:
American men have begun entering fields such as teaching, nursing, and waiting tables that have long been the province of women.
意思是:
美國男性開始進入教師、護理及服務生等長期由女性主導的職業領域。
由此可知,bank teller、receptionist、teacher、nurse 都屬於文章所談的粉領工作。文章沒有將 supervisor 列為粉領工作,而且 supervisor 通常屬於管理或督導職位。
解題方法
先抓住題幹中的否定問法 which is NOT,再將各選項與文章內容及 pink-collar job 的定義逐一比對:
- 文章明確列出的職業:bank teller、receptionist、waiting tables、teaching、nursing。
- 選項中與文章直接對應者,都是粉領工作。
- supervisor 意為「主管、督導」,屬於職務層級或管理性職位,不是文章所舉的典型粉領工作。
因此,答案為 (C) supervisor。
選項分析
(A) bank teller
bank teller 意為「銀行櫃員」。文章明確提到:
bank teller
銀行櫃員是典型的行政與服務性工作,屬於文章所說的 pink-collar job,因此本選項不是答案。
(B) clinic nurse
clinic nurse 意為「診所護理師」。文章提到:
nursing
第 59 題
【題組共用題幹】同第 58 題。
Which of the following is NOT a reason for men to choose a pink-collar’s job?
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節判斷」與否定問句:
Which of the following is NOT a reason for men to choose a pink-collar’s job?
意思是:「下列何者不是男性選擇粉領工作的理由?」
題目列出數項男性選擇粉領工作的原因,考生須找出文章中未被列為理由的一項。官方答案為 A,因此文章所提到的理由應包括工作滿意度、較低的壓力、較多的優質相處時間,以及穩定的工作環境;「薪資優渥」則不是選擇原因。
關鍵單字與片語
- pink-collar job:粉領工作,通常指以服務、照護、行政或接待為主,且傳統上女性從業者較多的職業。
- choose:選擇。
- reason for A to V:A 做某事的理由。
- good pay:優渥的薪資、良好的待遇。
- job satisfaction:工作滿意度。
- less stress:較少的壓力、工作壓力較低。
- quality time:有品質的相處時間,通常指與家人或重要他人專心相處的時間。
- stable environment:穩定的環境,本文可理解為穩定的工作環境。
- NOT:不是。看到否定字時,必須尋找「不符合文章內容」的選項。
題幹與定位方式
本題題組題幹標示為「同第 58 題」,但目前提供的資料未附第 58 題文章,因此無法逐字引出文章中的完整定位句。依本題選項與官方答案,可定位的語意內容是:男性選擇粉領工作的原因包括較高的工作滿意度、較低的壓力、較多的家庭或個人相處時間,以及穩定的工作環境;文章並未將「高薪」列為理由。
其核心語意可整理為:
Men may choose pink-collar jobs because they offer job satisfaction, less stress, more quality time, and a stable environment.
翻譯為:「男性選擇粉領工作,可能是因為這類工作帶來工作滿意度、較少的壓力、更多有品質的相處時間,以及穩定的環境。」
解題方法
先確認題目問的是 NOT,再逐項比對文章所列理由:
- 找出文章明確提到的正面因素。
- 將各選項與這些因素逐一比對。
- 未出現在理由清單中,或與文章主旨不符者,即為答案。
第 60 題
【題組共用題幹】同第 58 題。
What is the relationship between changing gender roles and attitudes toward workplace according to the last paragraph?
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「關係判斷」:比較文章所述的兩個現象之間,是相互影響、同時發展、彼此獨立,還是方向相反。
題目中的兩個對象是:
- changing gender roles:性別角色的改變
- attitudes toward workplace:對職場的態度
官方答案選 interacting,表示文章認為兩者之間存在互相作用、彼此影響的關係,而非單方面或毫無關聯。
解題方法
先判斷各選項的語意,再將其套入題目所問的「兩者關係」:
- 若兩者互相影響,選 interacting。
- 若只是同時朝相同方向發展,偏向 parallel。
- 若兩者互相對立,選 contrasting。
- 若彼此沒有關係,選 separate。
- 若一者改變導致另一者呈相反方向,選 reverse。
本題官方答案為 B,表示最後一段的論述重點應是:性別角色的變化會影響人們對工作的看法,同時職場環境與工作態度的改變,也會反映或促進性別角色的重新定位。因此兩者是相互作用的。
定位句與翻譯
題目指出答案應根據「最後一段」判斷;但目前提供的題目未附第 58 題共用的文章與最後一段原文,因此無法逐字引述文章中的定位句。依官方答案 B,該段的語意應是將「性別角色改變」與「職場態度改變」視為相互關聯、彼此影響的社會變化。
選項分析
(A) contrasting:對比的、相互衝突的
此選項表示兩者彼此對立,例如性別角色越開放,職場態度卻越保守。題目官方答案並非此意,且文章所談應是兩種變化彼此牽動,不是互相衝突,因此錯誤。