義守大學 100 年 《英文》

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第 1 題2 分

Economists are questioning whether the current system of international currency trading should be changed.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字彙辨析,重點是判斷 currency 在句中的意思。

句中片語 international currency trading 指「國際貨幣交易」,因此 currency 在此是「貨幣、通貨」之意,與 money 同義。

關鍵單字與片語

  • economist:經濟學家
  • question:質疑;對……表示懷疑
  • current:目前的;現行的
  • system:制度;系統
  • international:國際的
  • currency:貨幣;通貨
  • trading:交易
  • whether:是否
  • should be changed:應該被改變

解題方法

先找出題幹中的關鍵字 currency,再判斷各選項是否能表達「貨幣」的意思。

定位答案的句子如下:

Economists are questioning whether the current system of international currency trading should be changed.

翻譯:

經濟學家正在質疑,目前的國際貨幣交易制度是否應該改變。

在這個語境中,currency 是指可用於交易與流通的「貨幣」,因此最接近的選項是 money。

選項分析

(A) livestock

livestock 意為「家畜、牲畜」,例如牛、羊、豬等飼養動物。它與「貨幣」無關,不能代替 currency。

若改成:

international livestock trading

意思會變成「國際牲畜交易」,語意已改為畜牧業交易,不符合經濟學家所討論的貨幣交易制度。

(B) stock

stock 有多種意思:

  • 股票
  • 存貨
  • 庫存
  • 儲備
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第 2 題2 分

Those who procrastinate often lose out on missed opportunities.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為標準的「同義字替換題」(Synonym Test),主要測驗後中醫常考的高頻單字 procrastinate 的精確字義,以及從上下文字境(context clue)判斷字義的能力。


題幹定位與翻譯

  • 原文:Those who procrastinate often lose out on missed opportunities.
  • 結構剖析:
  • 主詞:Those(代名詞,指「那些人」),後方接關係代名詞引導的形容詞子句 who procrastinate 作修飾。
  • 動詞/片語:lose out on(錯失、因……吃虧)。
  • 受詞:missed opportunities(錯過的機會)。
  • 完整中文翻譯:那些慣於拖延的人,往往會因為錯過良機而蒙受損失。

解題方法

  1. 字根字首剖析:
  • pro-(向前、向著)+ crastinus(源自拉丁文 cras,意為「明天」)+ -ate(動詞字尾)。
  • 字面原意為「推延至明日」(put off until tomorrow),在現代英語中專指「拖延、耽擱、拖延症」。
  1. 上下文語意推論:
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第 3 題2 分

Once a rarity, CD-ROM drives are now ubiquitous.

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這一題的完整詳解

題幹翻譯與解析

題幹原文:
Once a rarity, CD-ROM drives are now ubiquitous.
中文翻譯:
光碟機曾是罕見之物,如今卻無所不在(普遍普及)。


核心觀念

本題考查高級字彙的近義詞辨析(Synonym Replacement)以及句中的對比結構(Contrast Clue)。

  • 關鍵字詞:
  • ubiquitous (adj.):無所不在的、普遍存在的、到處可見的。
  • rarity (n.):罕見的人/事/物、稀有。
  • 文法/語意結構:句首為分詞同位語/形容詞片語省略結構「(Being) Once a rarity...」,搭配時間副詞「Once(曾經)」與「now(現在)」,形成強烈的「今昔對比(Past vs. Present)」。因此劃線單字必與「rarity(稀罕物)」語意相反,指「到處都是、普遍的」。

解題方法

  1. 掌握單字核心字義:劃線字 ubiquitous 源自拉丁文 ubique(意為 everywhere),常見近義詞包括 omnipresent、pervasive、widespread。
  2. 利用前後文對比線索(Context Clue):
  • 昔日(Once):rarity(稀有、少見)。
  • 今日(now):形成語意轉折對比,故空格需要一個表示「到處都是、極為常見、普遍」的形容詞。
  1. 比對選項:(A) widespread 意為「廣泛的、普及的」,與 ubiquitous 語意最為精確吻合。

選項分析

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第 4 題2 分

Psychologists debate the best way to help people overcome their phobias.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析與上下文語意」。關鍵字是 phobias,意為「恐懼症、病態性的強烈恐懼」。因此,能與其形成同義或近義關係的選項是 fears(恐懼、害怕的事物)。

題幹定位與翻譯

Psychologists debate the best way to help people overcome their phobias.

翻譯:

心理學家爭論幫助人們克服恐懼症的最佳方法。

句中的 phobias 指的是一種強烈、持續且通常不合理的恐懼;選項 fears 正好表示「恐懼」,在語意上最接近。

解題方法

先判斷句中核心名詞 phobias 的詞義,再將各選項代入語境:

  • psychologists(心理學家)研究與處理心理問題;
  • overcome(克服)通常搭配 fear、difficulty、problem、obstacle 等;
  • overcome their phobias 意為「克服他們的恐懼症」。

因此,本題應選擇與「恐懼」相關的名詞 fears。若將句子改寫為:

Psychologists debate the best way to help people overcome their fears.

意思仍然通順,表示「心理學家爭論幫助人們克服恐懼的最佳方法」。

關鍵單字與片語

  • psychologist:心理學家
  • debate:辯論;爭論
  • the best way to...:做某事的最佳方法
  • help someone overcome something:幫助某人克服某事
  • phobia:恐懼症;對特定事物的強烈且不合理的恐懼
  • fear:恐懼;害怕的事物
  • obsession:執著;揮之不去的念頭
  • prejudice:偏見
  • trouble:麻煩;困擾;問題
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第 5 題2 分

The scientist spent months searching for an elaborate machine.

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核心觀念

本題考查英文單字辨義,以及形容詞放入句中的語意判斷。

題幹中的關鍵字是 elaborate,作形容詞時常見意思包括:

  • 精心製作的
  • 複雜精細的
  • 詳盡的

句中修飾的是 machine(機器),因此應選擇表示「複雜的、構造精細的」的選項。

題幹翻譯與定位

The scientist spent months searching for an elaborate machine.
這名科學家花了好幾個月尋找一部構造複雜的機器。

其中:

  • spend + 時間 + V-ing:花費時間做某事
  • spent months searching for:花了好幾個月尋找
  • search for:尋找
  • an elaborate machine:一部複雜精細的機器

由於機器通常具有構造、功能或設計上的複雜性,elaborate 在此最接近 complicated。

解題方法

先判斷 elaborate 在句中的詞性與語意:

  1. elaborate 是形容詞,修飾名詞 machine。
  2. 由「科學家花數月尋找」可知,這部機器應具有特殊、複雜或精密的特徵。
  3. 在四個選項中,只有 complicated 能表示「複雜的」,與 elaborate machine 的語意相符。

因此選擇 (A) complicated。

選項分析

(A) complicated 複雜的

正確。complicated 表示「複雜的、難以理解或處理的」,可用來形容機器的構造或功能。例如:

  • a complicated machine
    一部複雜的機器

本題中 elaborate machine 與 complicated machine 語意最接近。

(B) proper 適當的、正確的、合宜的

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第 6 題2 分

While affluent consumers pay several dollars for a cup of coffee—helping international corporations make millions in profit, the coffee farmers themselves enjoy few benefits.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「形容詞字義辨識」與「語境判斷」。

題幹中的 affluent 是形容詞,修飾 consumers,意思是「富裕的、有錢的」。因此,affluent consumers 指「富裕的消費者」。

關鍵單字與片語

  • affluent:富裕的、有錢的
  • consumer:消費者
  • pay several dollars for a cup of coffee:花幾美元買一杯咖啡
  • international corporation:國際企業
  • make millions in profit:賺取數百萬美元的利潤
  • coffee farmer:咖啡農
  • enjoy few benefits:享有很少的利益或好處
  • themselves:他們自己,用來加強語氣

解題方法

先判斷空格所在的單字 affluent 是形容詞,且用來描述「消費者」的經濟狀況。接著觀察語境:

While affluent consumers pay several dollars for a cup of coffee—helping international corporations make millions in profit, the coffee farmers themselves enjoy few benefits.

翻譯為:

當富裕的消費者花幾美元購買一杯咖啡、幫助國際企業賺取數百萬美元的利潤時,咖啡農自己卻只享有很少的利益。

句中以 while 形成對比:

  • affluent consumers:富裕的消費者
  • the coffee farmers themselves enjoy few benefits:咖啡農卻沒有得到多
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第 7 題2 分

Bungee jumping originated from an island in the Pacific, where the act of jumping from the top of a high tower is something that local young men do as a trial of courage.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字義辨析與語境判讀,關鍵在於片語 a trial of courage。其中 trial 是「考驗、試煉」之意,與選項 test 同義,因此答案為 (C) test。

句中:

where the act of jumping from the top of a high tower is something that local young men do as a trial of courage.

可翻譯為:

在那座島上,當地年輕男子從高塔頂端跳下,是一種勇氣的考驗。

將 trial 替換成 test 後:

local young men do as a test of courage

意思為「當作勇氣的考驗」,語意通順。

解題方法

先觀察空格所在的語意位置:跳下高塔是一項具有危險性的行為,當地年輕人藉此證明自己是否勇敢。因此空格需要填入表示「考驗、測試」的名詞。

可將四個選項逐一代入片語:

  • a bond of courage:勇氣的聯繫,語意不通。
  • a cost of courage:勇氣的代價,與跳塔作為勇氣考驗的情境不符。
  • a test of courage:勇氣的考驗,語意正確。
  • a journey of courage:勇氣的旅程,語意不合。

因此選擇 (C)。

選項分析

(A) bond

bond 可作名詞,表示「聯繫、感情、債券、黏合」。例如:

  • a bond between friends:朋友之間的情誼

a bond of courage 表示「勇氣的聯繫」,無法合理描述從高塔跳下以證明膽量的行為,故錯誤。

(B) cost

cost 表示「費用、代價」。例如:

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第 8 題2 分

Patients who suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, a condition often triggered by the experience of traumatic or stressful events, have symptoms such as having difficulty to concentrate, insomnia, worry, confusion, heart palpitations, and depression, which may last for many years after the event.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考兩項:

  1. 關鍵單字的同義替換:triggered 可表示「引發、造成」。
  2. 過去分詞片語的語意:often triggered by... 修飾前面的 a condition,表示「常由……引發的疾病」。

題幹中的關鍵句為:

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, a condition often triggered by the experience of traumatic or stressful events

可翻譯為:

剷傷後壓力症候群(PTSD)是一種常由經歷創傷性或壓力性事件所引發的疾病。

其中 triggered by 相當於 caused by,皆可表示「由……造成/引發」。

解題方法

先鎖定 triggered 的語意。此處主詞是 a condition,意思是某種疾病或病症「被創傷性事件引發」。

因此可改寫為:

PTSD, a condition often caused by traumatic or stressful events

也就是:

PTSD 是一種常由創傷性或壓力性事件所造成的疾病。

caused 是 cause 的過去分詞,與 by 搭配形成被動語態:

a condition often caused by traumatic events\text{a condition often caused by traumatic events}

完整句型可還原為:

PTSD is a condition that is often caused by the experience of traumatic or stressful events.

因此正確答案為 caused。

選項分析

(A) caused:造成、引發

正確。caused by 表示「由……造成/引發」,與題幹的 triggered by 意義相近,符合 PTSD 的成因。

(B) arrested:逮捕;阻止;抑制

錯誤。arrest 主要表示「逮捕某人」,也可表示「使某事停止或抑制其發展」,例如:

The police arrested the suspect.
警方逮捕了嫌疑犯。

但 PTSD 並不是「被創傷事件逮捕或阻止」,arrested by traumatic events 不符合本句語意。

(C) blocked:阻擋;阻塞

錯誤。block 著重於阻擋通道、阻礙行動或使某事無法進行,例如:

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第 9 題2 分

Transmitted by the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, Dengue Fever, also known as Breakbone Fever, is an infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考的是字義辨析,重點在判斷 infectious 的同義字。句中:

Dengue Fever ... is an infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.
登革熱是一種由登革病毒引起的傳染性熱帶疾病。

infectious 表示「會傳染的、具感染性的」,與選項 contagious「會傳染的、具有傳染性的」語意最接近,因此答案為 D。


解題方法

先定位題幹中的核心形容詞 infectious,再逐一比較選項的詞義:

  • 題幹語意:登革熱是一種「傳染性」疾病。
  • 選項中只有 contagious 具有「傳染的」之意。
  • 其餘選項分別表示「錯誤的、具生產力的、無害的」,均與疾病的傳染特性不符。

因此選擇 (D) contagious。


選項分析

(A) false:錯誤的、虛假的

false 用來表示內容不正確、事實不實,反義詞是 true。例如:

  • a false statement:錯誤的陳述
  • a false alarm:虛驚、錯誤警報

本句是在描述登革熱的疾病特性,應表達「傳染性」,不是「錯誤的」,故錯誤。

(B) productive:有生產力的、能產生結果的

productive 表示能有效產生工作成果、利益或產物。例如:

  • a productive discussion:有成效的討論
  • productive farmland:高產的農地

此字與疾病是否具有傳染性無關,故錯誤。

(C) harmless:無害的、不造成傷害的

harmless 表示不會造成傷害,與 harmful「有害的」相反。例如:

  • a harmless insect:無害的昆蟲
  • a harmless joke:無傷大雅的玩笑

登革熱是由病毒引起的疾病,題幹強調其感染性;harmless 不符合語意,故錯誤。

(D) contagious:會傳染的、具有傳染性的

contagious 表示疾病能由一個人傳給另一個人,或廣義表示具有傳播性。它與 infectious 都可表示「傳染的、感染性的」,在本題語境中最符合題意,故正確。


關鍵單字與片語

  • transmit:傳播、傳送
  • transmitted by:經由……傳播
  • bite:咬、叮咬
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第 10 題2 分

The hospital standardized mortality ratio (HSMR) is an important measure to support efforts to improve patient safety and quality of care in Canadian hospitals.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考的是醫學英文單字與語意判斷,核心字為 mortality。

  • mortality:死亡;死亡率
  • mortality ratio:死亡比率
  • standardized mortality ratio, SMR:標準化死亡比
  • hospital standardized mortality ratio, HSMR:醫院標準化死亡比

HSMR 用來比較醫院實際死亡人數與依病人病情、年齡等因素推估的預期死亡人數,藉此評估醫療品質與病人安全。因此,題目要找與 mortality 意義最接近的字,答案為 death。

解題方法

題幹關鍵句為:

The hospital standardized mortality ratio (HSMR) is an important measure to support efforts to improve patient safety and quality of care in Canadian hospitals.

翻譯:

醫院標準化死亡比(HSMR)是支持加拿大醫院改善病人安全與照護品質的重要衡量指標。

判斷步驟如下:

  1. 找出專有名詞 hospital standardized mortality ratio。
  2. mortality 源自 mortal(會死亡的、凡人的),表示「死亡」或「死亡率」。
  3. 四個選項中,只有 death 具有「死亡」的直接意義。
  4. 因此官方答案選 (D) death。

嚴格而言,mortality 在醫療統計中通常翻譯為「死亡率」,而 death 是「死亡」這個事件;兩者並非完全同義,但在本題選項中,death 是最接近且唯一符合語意的答案。

選項分析

  • (A) quality:品質

題幹後段已有 quality of care,意思是「照護品質」。此字與醫療品質有關,但 mortality 並不表示品質,因此不選。

  • (B) medication:藥物;用藥

medication 指藥物或服藥治療,例如 medication error(用藥錯誤)。它與醫院醫療情境有關,但不具有「死亡」之意,因此不選。

  • (C) ethic:倫理;道德準則

ethic 通常指個人或團體的道德原則;醫療領域常見 medical ethics(醫學倫理)。

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第 11 題2 分

Randy Pausch, formerly a professor at Carnegie Mellon University in the U.S., gave an inspirational final speech to his students after the doctor had diagnosed him with terminal cancer.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「醫學人文背景相關字彙之同義字替換(Synonym Identification)」。考點聚焦於形容詞 terminal 在臨床醫學與語境中的精確定義,並測驗考生能否選出在醫學語境中具同義意涵之形容詞。


解題方法

  1. 定位關鍵字與上下文線索:
  • 題幹原句:

"Randy Pausch, formerly a professor at Carnegie Mellon University in the U.S., gave an inspirational final speech to his students after the doctor had diagnosed him with terminal cancer."

  • 中文翻譯:

「美國卡內基美隆大學的前教授蘭迪・鮑許(Randy Pausch),在醫生診斷他罹患末期癌症後,給學生發表了一場激勵人心的最後演講。」

  • 文中提到 "final speech"(最後的演講)與 "diagnosed him with terminal cancer"(診斷罹患末期癌症),由此可知該癌症為無法治癒、會導致死亡的疾病。
  1. 字義分析:
  • terminal 作形容詞時,原意為「終點的、末端的」,在醫學情境下特指「(疾病)晚期的、末期的、致命的」(leading ultimately to death; fatal)。
  • 四個選項中,必須尋找與「致命的、致死的」意思最相符的同義字。

選項分析

  • (A) reviving:錯誤。
  • 詞性與字義:現在分詞作形容詞用,意為「使復甦的、使甦醒的、恢復生機的」(源自動詞 revive:復興、復甦)。
  • 語意不合:與「末期、致命的」語意完全相反。
  • (B) scary:錯誤。
  • 詞性與字義:形容詞,意為「令人害怕的、恐怖的、提心吊膽的」。
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第 12 題2 分

Unlike hybrid cars, conventional vehicles are operated on fuel and are less environmentally friendly.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與上下文語意。句中需要填入的字,必須能修飾 vehicles,並與 hybrid cars(油電混合車)形成對比。

關鍵字:

  • hybrid car:油電混合車
  • conventional:傳統的、一般的、慣用的
  • vehicle:車輛
  • operate on fuel:以燃料為動力運作
  • environmentally friendly:對環境友善的
  • less environmentally friendly:較不環保

解題方法

定位題幹中的對比結構:

Unlike hybrid cars, conventional vehicles are operated on fuel and are less environmentally friendly.
不同於油電混合車,傳統車輛以燃料為動力運作,因此較不環保。

句首的 Unlike A, B... 表示「不同於 A,B……」。前文提到 hybrid cars,後文描述的是使用傳統燃料、環境友善程度較低的車輛,因此空格應選擇表示「傳統的、一般的」字詞。

conventional 正好符合此語境,與 hybrid cars 相對,指傳統燃油車或一般車輛。

選項分析

(A) exotic

exotic 意為「異國的、外來的、奇特的」。例如:

  • exotic plants:異國植物
  • exotic animals:珍奇動物

此字強調稀有、特殊或外來,不表示「傳統車輛」。放入句中成為「奇特車輛」,與 hybrid cars 的對比關係不合,因此錯誤。

(B) foreign

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第 13 題2 分

Though Brazil’s economic and social situation has recovered recently, President Dilma Rouseff still has to work hard to counteract the effects of the international financial crisis.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 動詞的字義辨析。
  2. 依上下文判斷同義或近義詞。
  3. counteract 的語意搭配。

題幹句意為:

Though Brazil’s economic and social situation has recovered recently, President Dilma Rouseff still has to work hard to counteract the effects of the international financial crisis.

翻譯:

雖然巴西的經濟與社會情勢最近已經復甦,總統 Dilma Rousseff 仍然必須努力對抗國際金融危機所造成的影響。

句中關鍵片語是 counteract the effects of ...,表示「抵消、對抗……的影響」。因此空格應選擇與 counteract 意義最接近的動詞。

解題方法

先抓住句意的轉折關係:

  • Though ... has recovered:雖然……已經恢復。
  • still has to work hard:仍然必須努力。
  • the effects of the international financial crisis:國際金融危機的影響。

即使經濟與社會情勢有所復甦,金融危機的負面影響仍然存在,因此總統必須努力「抵抗、對抗」這些影響。

resist 可表示「抵抗、抗拒」,在本題語境中最接近 counteract,故選 C。

文法上,has to 後面接原形動詞:

  • has to resist:必須抵抗
  • 不能接 resists、resisted 或 resisting

選項分析

(A) resurrect:使復活;使重新出現

resurrect 通常指使死者復活,或使某件已消失、被放棄的事物重新出現。例如:

  • resurrect an old tradition:重振古老傳統

本題談的是「對抗金融危機的影響」,不是使危機影響「復活」,語意不合。

(B) reward:獎賞;報酬

reward 是「獎賞、酬謝」,通常搭配人或行為,例如:

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第 14 題2 分

The threat of recent natural disasters is a reminder that despite our technological advances, men are still extremely vulnerable to the power of Mother Nature.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與「同義字判斷」。關鍵字是 vulnerable,意為「脆弱的、易受傷害的、缺乏防護的」。題幹描述人類面對大自然力量時,雖然科技進步,仍然容易受到傷害,因此應選擇與 vulnerable 意義最接近的 unprotected。

題幹定位與翻譯

關鍵句:

men are still extremely vulnerable to the power of Mother Nature.

翻譯為:

人類面對大自然的力量時,仍然極其脆弱、容易受到傷害。

其中:

  • technological advances:科技進步
  • be vulnerable to:容易受到……傷害;易受……影響
  • the power of Mother Nature:大自然的力量
  • extremely:極其、非常
  • reminder:提醒
  • despite:儘管
  • natural disasters:自然災害

解題方法

先抓住片語 be vulnerable to。此片語表示某人或某物缺乏足夠防護,容易受到外力、危險或傷害的影響。

題幹的邏輯是:

  1. 最近發生的自然災害提醒人們注意一件事。
  2. 即使人類科技有所進步,
  3. 人類面對大自然時仍然缺乏充分保護,容易受傷害。

因此,答案必須符合「沒有受到保護、容易受攻擊或傷害」的語意。

選項分析

(A) secure

secure 意為「安全的、穩固的、有保障的」。它表示受到良好保護,與 vulnerable 的「脆弱、易受傷害」意義相反。

例:

The building is secure.

意為「這棟建築物很安全。」

本題強調人類仍會受到自然力量傷害,因此不選 A。

(B) strong

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第 15 題2 分

Canada does not require that U.S. citizens obtain passports to enter the country, and ________.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「否定句的附和表達」以及副詞 either 的用法。

前半句為:

Canada does not require that U.S. citizens obtain passports to enter the country,
加拿大不要求美國公民入境該國時取得護照,

後半句要表達「墨西哥也不要求」,可使用:

Mexico doesn’t either.

句型為:

主詞 + 否定助動詞 + either

其中 doesn’t 是 does not 的縮寫,代替前句的動詞片語 does not require that...;either 放在否定句句尾,表示「也不」。


解題方法

先找出前句的主要動詞與助動詞:

  • 主詞:Canada
  • 助動詞:does
  • 否定詞:not
  • 主要動詞:require

前句的核心意思是:

Canada does not require passports.

後半句若使用相同的否定附和句型,應寫成:

Mexico doesn’t either.

完整理解為:

Mexico doesn’t require that U.S. citizens obtain passports to enter the country either.

後半句省略了與前句重複的內容,因此選 (B)。


題幹定位與翻譯

題幹關鍵句為:

Canada does not require that U.S. citizens obtain passports to enter the country, and Mexico doesn’t either.

翻譯:

加拿大不要求美國公民入境該國時持有護照,墨西哥也不要求。


關鍵單字與片語

  • require:要求,需要
  • U.S. citizens:美國公民
  • obtain:取得
  • passport:護照
  • enter the country:進入該國
  • either:也,用於否定句
  • neither:兩者都不;也不,用於否定附和句

文法上,require that + 主詞 + 原形動詞 可表達「要求某人做某事」:

require that U.S. citizens obtain passports

此處 obtain 使用原形,符合正式英文中「that 子句」的假設語氣用法。


選項分析

(A) Mexico does neither

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第 16 題2 分

_________ in 1939, the Borne Bridge spans the Cape Cod Canal and is one of the many grand projects completed in the Depression Era.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念:分詞片語與被動語態

本題考查「分詞片語簡化子句」以及現在分詞、過去分詞的語意差異。

題幹主要結構為:

_________ in 1939, the Borne Bridge spans the Cape Cod Canal and is one of the many grand projects completed in the Depression Era.

空格後已有完整主要子句:

the Borne Bridge spans the Cape Cod Canal and is one of the many grand projects completed in the Depression Era.
伯恩橋橫跨科德角運河,是大蕭條時代完成的眾多大型工程之一。

空格部分是修飾主詞 the Borne Bridge 的分詞片語,完整形式可還原為:

Because it was completed in 1939, the Borne Bridge spans the Cape Cod Canal...

其中 it 指 the Borne Bridge。橋是「被完成」的對象,因此要使用過去分詞 completed,形成被動概念。


解題方法

先判斷空格與主句主詞的關係:

  • 主詞:the Borne Bridge
  • 動作:complete(完成)
  • 橋本身不是主動完成某件事,而是「被人完成、建造完成」

因此使用過去分詞:

Completed in 1939, the Borne Bridge...

這相當於:

The Borne Bridge was completed in 1939, and it spans the Cape Cod Canal...

或:

Because the Borne Bridge was completed in 1939, it spans the Cape Cod Canal...

過去分詞片語 Completed in 1939 可表示「在 1939 年完成的」或「由於在 1939 年完成」。


題幹定位與翻譯

定位答案的關鍵句是:

Completed in 1939, the Borne Bridge spans the Cape Cod Canal...

翻譯為:

建於 1939 年的伯恩橋橫跨科德角運河……

此處 Completed in 1939 是過去分詞片語,修飾 the Borne Bridge,表示橋「被完成」。


選項分析

(A) Completed

正確。

completed 是過去分詞,可表達被動語態。橋是被建造、被完成的,因此:

Completed in 1939, the Borne Bridge...

意為:

建於 1939 年的伯恩橋……

句型、語意與主詞關係皆正確。


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第 17 題2 分

No matter _____________, Julie often throws up at the sight of blood and she believes that she has a calling to serve as a nurse.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「讓步副詞子句」與 No matter how + 形容詞/副詞 + 主詞 + 動詞 的句型。

no matter how + 形容詞/副詞 + S + V 表示「不論多麼……;無論……到什麼程度」,相當於 however + 形容詞/副詞 + S + V。

題幹中的:

No matter how ridiculous it seems, Julie often throws up at the sight of blood and she believes that she has a calling to serve as a nurse.

可翻譯為:

不論這件事看起來多麼荒謬,Julie 看到血時仍常常會嘔吐,而且她相信自己受到召喚,應該擔任護理師。

其中 how ridiculous it seems 是完整的讓步副詞子句,修飾後面的主要子句。


解題方法

先判斷空格後是否需要一個完整的子句。空格後接的是:

it seems

其中:

  • it 是主詞;
  • seems 是動詞;
  • ridiculous 是主詞補語,表示「看起來很荒謬」。

因此空格應填入能形成下列結構的字:

how + 形容詞 + 主詞 + 動詞
how ridiculous it seems

完整句型為:

No matter + how ridiculous it seems, + 主要子句

意思是「不管這件事看起來多麼荒謬,……」,語意與句子的後半段相符,因此選 (A)。


選項分析

(A) how ridiculous it seems

正確。

符合固定句型:

no matter how + 形容詞 + 主詞 + 動詞

組成:

No matter how ridiculous it seems, Julie often throws up ...

意思是「不論這件事看起來多麼荒謬,Julie……」。


(B) how seems it ridiculous

錯誤。

這個選項將動詞 seems 放在主詞 it 前面,形成:

how seems it ridiculous

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第 18 題2 分

Passengers ________ tickets 2 weeks in advance will be given an early-bird discount, plus an opportunity to win an i-Pad.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「分詞片語簡化關係子句」及主動、被動語態的判斷。

題幹主詞為 Passengers,主要動詞為:

will be given an early-bird discount

中間的 purchasing tickets 2 weeks in advance 是現在分詞片語,用來修飾前面的 Passengers,相當於:

Passengers who purchase tickets 2 weeks in advance will be given an early-bird discount.

因為 passengers 是「購買票的人」,與 purchase 之間是主動關係,所以使用現在分詞 purchasing。

題幹定位與翻譯

Passengers purchasing tickets 2 weeks in advance will be given an early-bird discount, plus an opportunity to win an i-Pad.

翻譯:

提前兩週購買票券的乘客,將獲得早鳥折扣,還有贏得 i-Pad 的機會。

其中:

  • passenger:乘客
  • purchase:購買
  • ticket:票券
  • in advance:提前、預先
  • early-bird discount:早鳥折扣
  • plus:加上、此外還有
  • opportunity:機會
  • win:贏得

解題方法

先找出主要句型:

Passengers ________ tickets 2 weeks in advance will be given ...

will be given 已經是主要子句的完整謂語,因此空格不宜再填入另一個完整的限定動詞。空格應放入修飾 Passengers 的片語。

完整關係子句可寫成:

Passengers who purchase tickets 2 weeks in advance will be given ...

簡化關係子句時,若關係代名詞 who 在子句中作主詞,且主詞與動詞是主動關係,可省略 who,並將動詞改為現在分詞:

Passengers purchasing tickets 2 weeks in advance will be given ...

因此正確答案為 purchasing。

選項分析

(A) purchasing:正確。

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第 19 題2 分

They spent a lazy afternoon sitting by the beach doing nothing. _________, they enjoyed a romantic lunch at a waterfront restaurant.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考的是「時間副詞」與前後文的時間順序。

關鍵單字與片語如下:

  • spend a lazy afternoon:度過慵懶的午後
  • sit by the beach:坐在海灘旁
  • do nothing:什麼也不做
  • enjoy a romantic lunch:享用浪漫的午餐
  • waterfront restaurant:海濱餐廳
  • Earlier:較早以前、早些時候

題幹定位答案的關鍵句為:

They spent a lazy afternoon sitting by the beach doing nothing. Earlier, they enjoyed a romantic lunch at a waterfront restaurant.
他們坐在海灘旁,什麼也不做,度過了慵懶的午後。早些時候,他們在一家海濱餐廳享用了浪漫的午餐。

解題方法

先判斷兩個事件的時間關係:

  1. 在海灘旁度過慵懶午後。
  2. 享用午餐。

午餐通常發生在午後活動之前,因此第二句是在回述較早發生的事件。空格後接完整句子,需填入能表示「先前、較早時候」的時間副詞。

因此應選 Earlier,表示「在那段海灘午後活動之前,他們先享用了午餐」。

選項分析

(A) Meanwhile

Meanwhile 表示「同時、與此同時」,用於兩件事情同時發生。

Meanwhile, they enjoyed a romantic lunch...
同時,他們享用了浪漫的午餐。

這會暗示「坐在海灘旁什麼也不做」與「在海濱餐廳吃午餐」同時進行,與題幹所呈現的先吃午餐、後度過午後的時間順序不合,故錯誤。

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第 20 題2 分

In Asia, many people still live with their parents even though they are making their own living. ___________, young people in the United States move away from their family as early as they go to college.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「轉折/對比副詞片語」的語意判斷。前句描述亞洲與父母同住的情況,後句改述美國年輕人的相反生活模式,因此空格需要表達「相反地、正好相反」。

關鍵片語如下:

  • live with their parents:與父母同住
  • even though:即使、雖然
  • make one’s own living:自食其力、自己謀生
  • move away from their family:搬離家人、離開家庭居住
  • go to college:上大學
  • On the contrary:相反地、正好相反

解題方法

先找出前後句的比較對象:

In Asia, many people still live with their parents even though they are making their own living.
在亞洲,許多人即使已經能夠自食其力,仍然和父母同住。

後句為:

young people in the United States move away from their family as early as they go to college.
美國的年輕人則早在上大學時就搬離家庭。

前句是「即使已能自立,仍與父母同住」;後句是「一上大學就搬離家庭」,兩者在居住方式與離家時間上形成明顯對比,因此應填入表示「相反地」的 On the contrary。

完整句意為:

In Asia, many people still live with their parents even though they are making their own living. On the contrary, young people in the United States move away from their family as early as they go to college.

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第 21 題2 分

____________ for her loyal dog that barked so loudly to wake the neighbors, the old lady would not have been found passed out on the floor in her home.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考的是「與過去事實相反的假設」以及固定句型 If it had not been for + 名詞。

句型:

If it had not been for + 名詞,主詞 + would have + 過去分詞……

意思是:

「如果不是因為……,主詞當時就不會……」

這是第三類條件句(third conditional),用來表示與過去事實相反的假設:

  • 條件子句:if+主詞+had+過去分詞if + 主詞 + had + 過去分詞
  • 主要子句:主詞+wouldhave+過去分詞主詞 + would have + 過去分詞

本題中:

  • If it had not been for her loyal dog:如果不是因為她忠心的狗
  • the old lady would not have been found passed out on the floor:那位老太太就不會被發現昏倒在地板上

句中的 it 是虛主詞,真正構成原因的是後面的 for her loyal dog。
If it had not been for her loyal dog 是固定用法,等於:

If her loyal dog had not been there / had not barked loudly


解題方法

先觀察主要子句:

the old lady would not have been found passed out on the floor in her home

其中 would not have been found 是:

would+have+been+過去分詞would + have + been + 過去分詞

表示對過去結果的假設,意義是「過去就不會被發現」。

既然主要子句談的是過去未發生的結果,條件子句也要使用第三類條件句的形式:

if+主詞+had+過去分詞if + 主詞 + had + 過去分詞

因此,空格應填入:

If it had not been

完整句子為:

If it had not been for her loyal dog that barked so loudly to wake the neighbors, the old lady would not have been found passed out on the floor in her home.

翻譯:

如果不是因為她那隻大聲吠叫、把鄰居吵醒的忠心狗狗,那位老太太就不會被發現昏倒在家中的地板上。

這句話暗示的過去事實是:

  1. 老太太確實昏倒在家中。
  2. 她的狗確實大聲吠叫。
  3. 鄰居因而被吵醒。
  4. 鄰居因此發現了昏倒的老太太。

題幹關鍵句定位

If it had not been for her loyal dog that barked so loudly to wake the neighbors, the old lady would not have been found passed out on the floor in her home.

如果不是因為她那隻大聲吠叫、把鄰居吵醒的忠心狗狗,那位老太太就不會被發現昏倒在家中的地板上。

判斷答案的關鍵在於:

would not have been found

這是對過去結果的假設,因此前面的條件必須使用:

If + had + 過去分詞


選項分析

(A) If it is not

If it is not for 是現在式形式,通常表示「如果現在不是因為……」。

例如:

If it is not for your help, I cannot finish the work.
如果不是因為你的幫助,我無法完成這項工作。

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第 22 題2 分

Eco-tourism, one of the newest sources of the revenue for the city, __________ for one-third of this small Caribbean island’s total economy.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「主詞與動詞一致」及片語 account for 的用法。

  • account for + 比例/數量:占、構成……
  • eco-tourism 是不可數名詞,視為單數主詞。
  • 表達目前的事實或一般性現象,使用現在簡單式。
  • 現在簡單式第三人稱單數動詞為 accounts。

題幹中的 one of the newest sources of the revenue for the city 是插入的補充說明,真正的主詞仍是 Eco-tourism,不受 sources 影響。

解題方法

先找主詞:

Eco-tourism, one of the newest sources of the revenue for the city, __________ for one-third of this small Caribbean island’s total economy.

去除逗號中的補充語後,句子骨架為:

Eco-tourism __________ for one-third of this small Caribbean island’s total economy.

句意是「生態旅遊占這座加勒比海小島總經濟的三分之一」,此處需要使用主動片語 account for。

由於主詞 Eco-tourism 為單數,動詞須用第三人稱單數:

Eco-tourism accounts for one-third of the economy.

因此選 (C) accounts。

題幹定位與翻譯

完整句子為:

Eco-tourism, one of the newest sources of the revenue for the city, accounts for one-third of this small Caribbean island’s total economy.

翻譯:

生態旅遊是這座城市最新的收入來源之一,占這座加勒比海小島總經濟的三分之一。

其中:

  • eco-tourism:生態旅遊
  • one of the newest sources of revenue:最新的收入來源之一
  • account for:占、構成
  • one-third of:三分之一的……
  • total economy:整體經濟
  • Caribbean island:加勒比海島嶼

選項分析

(A) had accounted

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第 23 題2 分

Johnny is used to _________ up late, which is why he always shows up in his morning classes looking tired.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查片語 be used to + 名詞/動名詞(V-ing),表示「習慣於……」。

題幹中的 is used to 是「習慣於」,因此介系詞 to 後面必須接名詞或動名詞,不能接原形動詞。

本句所需結構為:

be used to + V-ing

因此空格應填 staying。

此外,stay up late 是固定片語,意思是「熬夜、很晚睡」。


解題方法

先辨認句型:

Johnny is used to _________ up late

其中 is used to 後面的 to 是介系詞,不是不定詞符號。介系詞後面須接名詞、代名詞或動名詞。

將動詞 stay 改為動名詞:

staying

完整句子為:

Johnny is used to staying up late, which is why he always shows up in his morning classes looking tired.

翻譯:

Johnny 習慣熬夜,這就是為什麼他總是看起來很疲累地出現在早上的課堂上。

句中 which is why... 表示「這就是為什麼……」,指前面「習慣熬夜」這件事造成後面的結果。


選項分析

(A) stay

錯誤。此處的 to 是介系詞,後面不能接動詞原形。
stay 若要使用,須搭配不定詞片語,例如:

Johnny used to stay up late.

此句的 used to + 原形動詞 表示「過去常常……」,與題目的 is used to「習慣於……」是不同句型。

(B) having stay

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第 24 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Beer is nearly as old as recorded history. Man is believed to ____ at about the same time ____ learned to make bread. Archaeological evidence indicates that beer ____ produced in Mesopotamia around 6000 B.C. In the earliest ____ civilization, ancient Sumer in the Near East, about forty percent of the grain crop went to make beer, and ____ was apparently also used for currency by the local nobility. Beer, bread, and onions probably formed the basic diet of the ancient Egyptian people, and some of their beer had an alcoholic content of up to twelve percent. The Greeks carried the art of brewing from Egypt into Europe, and the Romans learned about beer drinking during ____ conquest of Greece. Brewing rapidly took hold in northern and Western Europe, where grape-growing was impractical because of the weather.

Choose the best answer for blank 24.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「動詞時態」與「不定詞完成式」:

  • be believed to + V:被認為……
  • be believed to have + 過去分詞:被認為過去曾經……
  • start + V-ing:開始做某事
  • start to + 原形動詞:開始做某事

題幹描述的是人類在遠古時代開始釀造啤酒,屬於發生在過去的事件,因此要使用完成不定詞 to have started。

定位答案的句子

Man is believed to have started brewing at about the same time as he learned to make bread.

翻譯:

一般認為,人類大約在學會製作麵包的同一時期,就已經開始釀造啤酒。

句型拆解如下:

  • Man is believed:人類被認為
  • to have started brewing:過去已經開始釀造
  • at about the same time as:大約在與……同一時期
  • he learned to make bread:他學會製作麵包

is believed 使用現在式,表示「目前的一般看法」;to have started brewing 則表示「開始釀造」這件事發生在遠古過去,因此使用完成不定詞。

解題方法

先觀察基本句型:

Man is believed to ____.

to 後面必須接原形動詞,因此選項必須能構成正確的不定詞結構。

再根據語意判斷時態。文章開頭說:

Beer is nearly as old as recorded history.

後文又提到西元前 6000 年的美索不達米亞,整段是在敘述非常久遠的歷史。因此「人類開始釀酒」是早已發生的過去事件,最適合使用:

to have + 過去分詞

start 的過去分詞是 started,所以完整形式為:

to have started brewing

選項分析

(A) start brewing

組合後為:

Man is believed to start brewing ...

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第 25 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Beer is nearly as old as recorded history. Man is believed to ____ at about the same time ____ learned to make bread. Archaeological evidence indicates that beer ____ produced in Mesopotamia around 6000 B.C. In the earliest ____ civilization, ancient Sumer in the Near East, about forty percent of the grain crop went to make beer, and ____ was apparently also used for currency by the local nobility. Beer, bread, and onions probably formed the basic diet of the ancient Egyptian people, and some of their beer had an alcoholic content of up to twelve percent. The Greeks carried the art of brewing from Egypt into Europe, and the Romans learned about beer drinking during ____ conquest of Greece. Brewing rapidly took hold in northern and Western Europe, where grape-growing was impractical because of the weather.

Choose the best answer for blank 25.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「代名詞與先行詞的一致」以及句子的基本結構。

題幹句型為:

Man is believed to ____ at about the same time ____ learned to make bread.

其中第二個空格位於主詞與動詞之間,後面接動詞 learned,因此需要填入一個主詞代名詞,使句子成為完整子句。

定位答案的句子

Man is believed to ____ at about the same time he learned to make bread.

翻譯為:

人類被認為大約在他學會製造麵包的同一時期,也學會了釀造啤酒。

此處的 he 指前面的 Man,兩者皆為單數,因此符合主詞與代名詞的一致性。

解題方法

  1. 先觀察空格後面的結構:空格後是 learned,為動詞。
  2. 英文完整句子通常必須具備主詞與動詞,因此空格應填入主詞。
  3. 前文的先行詞是單數名詞 Man,代表「人類」或「人」。
  4. 與單數男性先行詞搭配的代名詞為 he。

完整句子為:

Man is believed to have begun brewing beer at about the same time he learned to make bread.

即:

人類被認為大約在學會製造麵包的同一時期開始釀造啤酒。

選項分析

(A) it

it 通常指稱事物、動物或抽象概念,不能在本句中指稱 Man。若填入 it,會變成:

at about the same time it learned to make bread

語意上變成人類以外的「某個事物」學會製造麵包,與前面的 Man 不一致,因此錯誤。

(B) they

they 通常是複數主詞的代名詞,前面的 Man 是單數,兩者在傳統英文文法中不一致。

現代英文有單數 they 的用法,但本題為早期英文考試,且命題採傳統代名詞規則;依考試慣例,單數 Man 應搭配 he,不能選 they。

(C) he

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第 26 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Beer is nearly as old as recorded history. Man is believed to ____ at about the same time ____ learned to make bread. Archaeological evidence indicates that beer ____ produced in Mesopotamia around 6000 B.C. In the earliest ____ civilization, ancient Sumer in the Near East, about forty percent of the grain crop went to make beer, and ____ was apparently also used for currency by the local nobility. Beer, bread, and onions probably formed the basic diet of the ancient Egyptian people, and some of their beer had an alcoholic content of up to twelve percent. The Greeks carried the art of brewing from Egypt into Europe, and the Romans learned about beer drinking during ____ conquest of Greece. Brewing rapidly took hold in northern and Western Europe, where grape-growing was impractical because of the weather.

Choose the best answer for blank 26.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「被動語態」與「主詞動詞一致」。

定位句為:

Archaeological evidence indicates that beer was produced in Mesopotamia around 6000 B.C.
考古證據顯示,啤酒約於西元前 6000 年在美索不達米亞被製造。

句型為:

主詞+be 動詞+過去分詞\text{主詞}+\text{be 動詞}+\text{過去分詞}

「啤酒被製造」表示被動語態;事件發生於西元前 6000 年,屬於過去式,因此使用 was produced。

其中:

  • beer:啤酒;不可數名詞,視為單數
  • be produced:被製造、生產
  • archaeological evidence:考古證據
  • indicate that...:顯示、指出……
  • Mesopotamia:美索不達米亞
  • around 6000 B.C.:約於西元前 6000 年

解題方法

先觀察空格後方的 produced。這是過去分詞,前面需要搭配 be 動詞形成被動語態:

beer+be 動詞+produced\text{beer}+\text{be 動詞}+\text{produced}

再根據時間副詞 around 6000 B.C. 判斷為過去式。主詞 beer 是不可數名詞,文法上視為單數,因此 be 動詞使用過去式單數 was:

beer was produced\text{beer was produced}

完整句意為「啤酒約於西元前 6000 年在美索不達米亞被製造」。

選項分析

(A) was

正確。

was 是 be 動詞的過去式單數形式,可與單數主詞 beer 及過去分詞 produced 組成過去式被動語態:

beer was produced

因此符合主詞一致、時態與語態三項要求。

(B) were

錯誤。

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第 27 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Beer is nearly as old as recorded history. Man is believed to ____ at about the same time ____ learned to make bread. Archaeological evidence indicates that beer ____ produced in Mesopotamia around 6000 B.C. In the earliest ____ civilization, ancient Sumer in the Near East, about forty percent of the grain crop went to make beer, and ____ was apparently also used for currency by the local nobility. Beer, bread, and onions probably formed the basic diet of the ancient Egyptian people, and some of their beer had an alcoholic content of up to twelve percent. The Greeks carried the art of brewing from Egypt into Europe, and the Romans learned about beer drinking during ____ conquest of Greece. Brewing rapidly took hold in northern and Western Europe, where grape-growing was impractical because of the weather.

Choose the best answer for blank 27.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. be believed to + V:表示「被認為……」。
  2. 完成式不定詞 to have + 過去分詞:表示該動作發生在另一個過去動作之前。
  3. know 的過去分詞為 known,因此若句型為 to have ____,應填 known。

題幹定位句為:

Man is believed to ____ at about the same time ____ learned to make bread.

依官方答案所對應的原意,句子應理解為:

Man is believed to have known beer at about the same time he learned to make bread.

可翻譯為:

人類被認為大約在學會製作麵包的同一時期,就已經知道啤酒了。

其中 have known 表示「在學會製作麵包時,先前已經知道啤酒」。


解題方法

先判斷句子的主要結構:

  • Man 是主詞。
  • is believed 是被動語態,意為「被認為」。
  • to have known beer 是不定詞片語,作為 is believed 的補語。
  • at about the same time he learned to make bread 表示時間背景。

完整結構為:

Man is believed to have known beer at about the same time he learned to make bread.

因為「人類知道啤酒」是過去發生的事件,且置於 is believed to... 之後,應使用完成式不定詞:

be believed to have + 過去分詞\text{be believed to have + 過去分詞}

know 的三態為:

  • know:原形
  • knew:過去式
  • known:過去分詞

所以正確形式是:

to have known


選項分析

(A) know

若填入後成為 to have know,則 know 是原形,不能放在 have 後面。

完成式必須使用過去分詞:

to have known

因此 know 錯誤。

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第 28 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Beer is nearly as old as recorded history. Man is believed to ____ at about the same time ____ learned to make bread. Archaeological evidence indicates that beer ____ produced in Mesopotamia around 6000 B.C. In the earliest ____ civilization, ancient Sumer in the Near East, about forty percent of the grain crop went to make beer, and ____ was apparently also used for currency by the local nobility. Beer, bread, and onions probably formed the basic diet of the ancient Egyptian people, and some of their beer had an alcoholic content of up to twelve percent. The Greeks carried the art of brewing from Egypt into Europe, and the Romans learned about beer drinking during ____ conquest of Greece. Brewing rapidly took hold in northern and Western Europe, where grape-growing was impractical because of the weather.

Choose the best answer for blank 28.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考兩個重點:

  1. 代名詞指涉
  2. 被動語態與主詞單複數一致

空格所在句為:

In the earliest civilization, ancient Sumer in the Near East, about forty percent of the grain crop went to make beer, and ____ was apparently also used for currency by the local nobility.

翻譯:

在最早的文明古國——近東的古代蘇美爾,約有百分之四十的穀物收成被用來製造啤酒,而啤酒顯然也被當地貴族用作貨幣。

空格後的結構是:

____ was apparently also used

其中 was used 是被動語態,意為「被使用」。空格必須放入單數主詞,且內容須能指回前文的 beer。

beer 是不可數名詞,代名詞應使用單數的 it,因此答案是 (D) it。


解題方法

先找出空格前最合理的指涉對象:

went to make beer, and ____ was also used for currency

後半句的意思是「啤酒也被用作貨幣」。把 it 還原成 beer:

...and beer was apparently also used for currency...

句意與文法都完整。

此外,was 是單數動詞,因此不能搭配複數主詞 they。整句可分析如下:

  • it:主詞,指前文的 beer
  • was used:被動語態,表示「被使用」
  • apparently:顯然地、看來
  • for currency:作為貨幣

選項分析

(A) whose

whose 是所有格關係代名詞,意為「誰的、其……的」,後面通常要接名詞,例如:

a civilization whose people drank beer
一個其人民飲用啤酒的文明

本句若填入 whose,會變成:

and whose was apparently also used...

whose 後面缺少所修飾的名詞,無法作為本句的主詞,文法不成立。

(B) they

they 是複數主格代名詞,通常指複數的人或事物。本句後面使用單數動詞 was,若使用 they,應改成:

they were apparently also used

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第 29 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Beer is nearly as old as recorded history. Man is believed to ____ at about the same time ____ learned to make bread. Archaeological evidence indicates that beer ____ produced in Mesopotamia around 6000 B.C. In the earliest ____ civilization, ancient Sumer in the Near East, about forty percent of the grain crop went to make beer, and ____ was apparently also used for currency by the local nobility. Beer, bread, and onions probably formed the basic diet of the ancient Egyptian people, and some of their beer had an alcoholic content of up to twelve percent. The Greeks carried the art of brewing from Egypt into Europe, and the Romans learned about beer drinking during ____ conquest of Greece. Brewing rapidly took hold in northern and Western Europe, where grape-growing was impractical because of the weather.

Choose the best answer for blank 29.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「代名詞的指涉」與「所有格代名詞/所有格限定詞」的用法。解答時要注意:

  1. 代名詞必須能回指前文名詞。
  2. their 表示「他們的」,通常作所有格限定詞,後面應接名詞。
  3. theirs 才是可獨立作主詞的所有格代名詞,意為「他們的東西」。

定位答案的句子

題幹相關句為:

In the earliest known civilization, ancient Sumer in the Near East, about forty percent of the grain crop went to make beer, and ____ was apparently also used for currency by the local nobility.

句意為:

在最早的已知文明——近東的古代蘇美爾——約百分之四十的穀物收成被用來製造啤酒,而他們的啤酒顯然也被當作當地貴族使用的貨幣。

依官方答案,空格填入 their,指稱古代蘇美爾人的啤酒,即「他們的啤酒」。


解題方法

先找空格所指的對象。前文提到:

about forty percent of the grain crop went to make beer

主詞中心為 the grain crop,但文章接著談的是古代蘇美爾人所釀造的啤酒。空格後方的 was apparently also used 需要一個主詞,因此官方命題意圖是以 their 表示「蘇美爾人的」,省略其後的 beer:

their [beer] was apparently also used for currency

依此命題意旨,答案為 (D) their。


選項分析

(A) which

which 是關係代名詞,通常用來引導形容詞子句,例如:

the beer which was used for currency
被當作貨幣使用的啤酒

本句空格位於 and 之後,需接一個能作主詞的詞語;which 若單獨放在此處,無法正確回指並構成完整句意,因此錯誤。

(B) its

its 是單數名詞的所有格限定詞,意為「它的」,後面通常要接名詞,例如:

its beer
它的啤酒

前文的 ancient Sumer 雖可視為單數地名,但本句語意是「蘇美爾人的啤酒」,而非「它的啤酒」。此外,its was 也不符合標準英文句法,因此錯誤。

(C) whose

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第 30 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Our eyes and ears might be called transformers because they sense the light and sound around us and turn them into electrical impulses that the brain can interpret. These electrical impulses that have been transformed by the eyes and ears reach the brain and are turned into messages that we can interpret. For the eye, the process begins as the eye admits light waves, bends them at the cornea and lens, and then focuses them on the retina. At the back of each eye, nerve fibers bundle together to form optic nerves, which join and then split into two optic tracts. Some of the fibers cross so that part of the input from the right visual field goes into the left side of the brain, and vice versa. The process in the ear is carried out through sensory cells that are carried in fluid-filled canals and that are extremely sensitive to vibration. Sound that is transformed into electricity travels along nerve fibers in the auditory nerve. These fibers form a synapse with neurons that carry the messages to the auditory cortex on each side of the brain.

According to the author, we might call our eyes and ears “transformers” because:

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「因果關係與指代定位」。題目詢問眼睛和耳朵為何被稱為 transformers,答案必須回到文章開頭尋找作者對此名稱的直接說明。

文章指出,眼睛和耳朵不只是接收外界刺激,還會把光與聲音轉換成大腦能夠處理的電訊號:

“Our eyes and ears might be called transformers because they sense the light and sound around us and turn them into electrical impulses that the brain can interpret.”

翻譯:

「我們的眼睛和耳朵可以被稱為轉換器,因為它們感知周遭的光與聲音,並將這些光與聲音轉變成大腦能夠解讀的電脈衝。」

其中關鍵在於 turn A into B,意為「把 A 轉變成 B」。眼睛與耳朵將光、聲音轉換成 electrical impulses,因此稱為 transformers。


解題方法

先找題幹中的關鍵字 “transformers”,再回到文章中尋找解釋該名詞的句子。文章第一句已明確使用:

“because they sense the light and sound around us and turn them into electrical impulses”

句中的因果結構為:

  • because:因為
  • they sense the light and sound:它們感知光與聲音
  • and turn them into electrical impulses:並將它們轉變成電脈衝

四個選項中,只有 create electrical impulse 最直接對應「轉換成電脈衝」這個核心動作,因此依官方答案選 B。


選項分析

(A) They sense light and sound.

錯誤。眼睛和耳朵確實能夠感知光與聲音,這是文章內容的一部分;但是 transformer 的重點不只在「感知」,而在於進一步將刺激轉換成電訊號。

選項 A 只描述接收輸入,沒有完整表達「轉換」的功能,因此不是最佳答案。

(B) They create electrical impulse.

正確。文章明確說眼睛和耳朵會把光與聲音 turn them into electrical impulses,也就是轉換成電脈衝。選項中的 create electrical impulse 雖然不如原文的 turn ... into ... 精確,但在四個選項中最能對應眼睛與耳朵產生電訊號的功能,故為官方答案。

嚴格而言,文法上較自然的寫法是 They create electrical impulses,因為文章談的是複數電脈衝;

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第 31 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Our eyes and ears might be called transformers because they sense the light and sound around us and turn them into electrical impulses that the brain can interpret. These electrical impulses that have been transformed by the eyes and ears reach the brain and are turned into messages that we can interpret. For the eye, the process begins as the eye admits light waves, bends them at the cornea and lens, and then focuses them on the retina. At the back of each eye, nerve fibers bundle together to form optic nerves, which join and then split into two optic tracts. Some of the fibers cross so that part of the input from the right visual field goes into the left side of the brain, and vice versa. The process in the ear is carried out through sensory cells that are carried in fluid-filled canals and that are extremely sensitive to vibration. Sound that is transformed into electricity travels along nerve fibers in the auditory nerve. These fibers form a synapse with neurons that carry the messages to the auditory cortex on each side of the brain.

In line 5, what does the word “them” refer to?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「代名詞指涉」與「文章語意判讀」。解題時,要找出代名詞所代替的名詞,並檢查:

  1. 文法上是否符合單複數。
  2. 語意上是否能與動詞搭配。
  3. 前後文是否支持該名詞。

題目中的 them 是複數受格代名詞,須回指前文提到的複數名詞。

定位答案的原文與翻譯

關鍵句為:

For the eye, the process begins as the eye admits light waves, bends them at the cornea and lens, and then focuses them on the retina.

翻譯:

對眼睛而言,這個過程始於眼睛接收光波,在角膜和水晶體處使光波折射,然後將光波聚焦在視網膜上。

句中:

  • admits light waves:接收光波
  • bends them:使它們折射
  • focuses them:將它們聚焦

光波會經過角膜與水晶體的折射,最後聚焦在視網膜上,因此 them 指的是 light waves。

解題方法

先觀察動詞與語意:

  • bend light waves at the cornea and lens:光波可在角膜與水晶體處折射。
  • focus light waves on the retina:光波可被聚焦在視網膜上。

將各選項代入句中:

bends light waves at the cornea and lens

以及:

focuses light waves on the retina

句意完整,且符合眼睛接收與處理光線的生理機制,所以答案為 Light waves。

選項分析

(A) Light waves(光波)

正確。前文剛提到眼睛接收 light waves,後面的 bends them 與 focuses them 都是在描述光波經過角膜、水晶體並聚焦到視網膜的過程。

(B) Fields(視野)

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第 32 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Our eyes and ears might be called transformers because they sense the light and sound around us and turn them into electrical impulses that the brain can interpret. These electrical impulses that have been transformed by the eyes and ears reach the brain and are turned into messages that we can interpret. For the eye, the process begins as the eye admits light waves, bends them at the cornea and lens, and then focuses them on the retina. At the back of each eye, nerve fibers bundle together to form optic nerves, which join and then split into two optic tracts. Some of the fibers cross so that part of the input from the right visual field goes into the left side of the brain, and vice versa. The process in the ear is carried out through sensory cells that are carried in fluid-filled canals and that are extremely sensitive to vibration. Sound that is transformed into electricity travels along nerve fibers in the auditory nerve. These fibers form a synapse with neurons that carry the messages to the auditory cortex on each side of the brain.

According to the passage, optic nerves eventually ________.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考閱讀理解,重點是:

  1. 依據題幹定位答案。
  2. 判斷動詞與主詞的正確搭配。
  3. 分辨相近資訊,避免把描述眼球其他構造的動作誤套在 optic nerves 上。

關鍵句為:

At the back of each eye, nerve fibers bundle together to form optic nerves, which join and then split into two optic tracts.

翻譯:

在每隻眼睛的後方,神經纖維聚集形成視神經;視神經先會合,接著分成兩條視束。

其中關係代名詞 which 指的是前面的 optic nerves,因此後面的動作 join and then split 都是描述 optic nerves 的變化。

解題方法

題目問:

According to the passage, optic nerves eventually ________.

其中 eventually 表示「最後、終究」,應尋找題幹中 optic nerves 後續發生的動作。

題幹明確寫出:

optic nerves, which join and then split into two optic tracts

動作順序是:

optic nerves→join→split into two optic tracts\text{optic nerves} \rightarrow \text{join} \rightarrow \text{split into two optic tracts}

因此,依照文章內容,視神經最後會「分裂成兩條視束」,對應 split。

文法與語意重點

  • optic nerve:視神經
  • optic tract:視束
  • nerve fiber:神經纖維
  • bundle together:聚集、束集在一起
  • join:會合、連接
  • split into:分成……
  • eventually:最後、終究
  • vice versa:反之亦然
  • synapse:突觸
  • auditory nerve:聽神經
  • auditory cortex:聽覺皮質

句型 split into + 名詞 表示「分成……」。因此:

split into two optic tracts

就是「分成兩條視束」。

選項分析

(A) bend

意為「彎曲」。題幹確實提到:

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第 33 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

A headache is more than merely a pain in the head. Sometimes neck or upper back pain may also be involved with a headache. It ranks among the most common physical complaints. Two of the most common types of headaches are migraines and tension headaches. Possible causes of migraines include lack of sleep, stress, or flashing lights. The symptoms include blurry vision and vomiting. Another common type of headache is the tension headache. A person will feel tense if he or she is too anxious about something at work, school, or at home. Besides, doing an activity repetitively in the same position for a long period of time can result in a bad headache. The neck and head muscles become tense, and the headache follows.

Some methods to prevent migraines include taking deep breaths and lying down to rest in a dark room. Another method is to imagine scenes in which one feels warm and comfortable. Bright or flashing lights should be avoided. For a tension headache, one can relax tired muscles with a massage or head, neck, and shoulder exercises. In order to deal with different sources of stress, experts recommend doing activities that can help release stress, such as meditation or yoga. In addition to that, some over-the-counter medications such as aspirin might also help. However, if one has a headache and the symptoms persist over several days, one should see a doctor for further treatment.

What would be the best title for this article?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「主旨與標題判斷」。最佳標題必須涵蓋全文主要內容,而不能只概括其中一個段落或單一細節。

本文內容可整理為:

  1. 說明常見頭痛的種類。
  2. 說明偏頭痛與緊張型頭痛的成因及症狀。
  3. 提供預防與緩解頭痛的方法。
  4. 說明症狀持續時應就醫。

因此,正確標題必須同時包含「常見頭痛的原因」與「預防方法」。

解題方法

判斷標題時,先觀察各段的功能:

  • 第一段:介紹頭痛,並說明偏頭痛與緊張型頭痛的成因和症狀。
  • 第二段:說明如何預防、緩解頭痛,以及何時應接受醫療處置。

文章中最能定位答案的內容包括:

Possible causes of migraines include lack of sleep, stress, or flashing lights.
偏頭痛的可能成因包括睡眠不足、壓力或閃爍的燈光。

Some methods to prevent migraines include taking deep breaths and lying down to rest in a dark room.
預防偏頭痛的方法包括深呼吸,以及躺下來在黑暗的房間休息。

這兩句分別對應「原因」與「預防」。此外,文章也提到緊張型頭痛的成因及其舒緩方式,因此全文主旨是「常見頭痛的成因與預防」,即 Causes and Prevention of Common Headaches。

關鍵單字與片語

  • headache:頭痛
  • migraine:偏頭痛
  • tension headache:緊張型頭痛
  • physical complaint:身體不適;身體上的抱怨症狀
  • be involved with:涉及;伴隨
  • lack of sleep:睡眠不足
  • blurry vision:視線模糊
  • vomiting:嘔吐
  • anxious about:對……感到焦慮
  • repetitively:反覆地
  • result in:導致
  • tense:緊繃的;焦慮的
  • prevent:預防
  • flashing lights:閃爍的燈光
  • relax:放鬆
  • release stress:釋放壓力
  • over-the-counter medication:非處方藥
  • persist:持續
  • further treatment:進一步治療
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第 34 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

A headache is more than merely a pain in the head. Sometimes neck or upper back pain may also be involved with a headache. It ranks among the most common physical complaints. Two of the most common types of headaches are migraines and tension headaches. Possible causes of migraines include lack of sleep, stress, or flashing lights. The symptoms include blurry vision and vomiting. Another common type of headache is the tension headache. A person will feel tense if he or she is too anxious about something at work, school, or at home. Besides, doing an activity repetitively in the same position for a long period of time can result in a bad headache. The neck and head muscles become tense, and the headache follows.

Some methods to prevent migraines include taking deep breaths and lying down to rest in a dark room. Another method is to imagine scenes in which one feels warm and comfortable. Bright or flashing lights should be avoided. For a tension headache, one can relax tired muscles with a massage or head, neck, and shoulder exercises. In order to deal with different sources of stress, experts recommend doing activities that can help release stress, such as meditation or yoga. In addition to that, some over-the-counter medications such as aspirin might also help. However, if one has a headache and the symptoms persist over several days, one should see a doctor for further treatment.

If a person is having trouble seeing and feeling like throwing up, which type of headache does this person have?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題屬於醫學生活科普類閱讀測驗的「細節理解與同義轉換(Paraphrasing / Detail Comprehension)」題型。評量重點在於考生能否在文章中精確定位「偏頭痛(migraines)」與「緊縮型頭痛(tension headaches)」的症狀差異,並將題目敘述中的同義/衍生表達與原文進行對應。


解題方法

  1. 抓取題幹關鍵字:
  • 題幹問題:「If a person is having trouble seeing and feeling like throwing up, which type of headache does this person have?」(如果一個人看東西有困難且感覺想吐,這個人患有哪種類型的頭痛?)
  • 核心關鍵詞為 having trouble seeing(視力受阻/視線模糊)與 feeling like throwing up(想吐/噁心嘔吐)。
  1. 回文精準定位(Text Locating):
  • 在第一段中尋找與 migraines 症狀相關的描述:

原文:「Possible causes of migraines include lack of sleep, stress, or flashing lights. The symptoms include blurry vision and vomiting.」
【中譯】偏頭痛可能的起因包括睡眠不足、壓力或閃爍光線。其症狀包含視線模糊(blurry vision)與嘔吐(vomiting)。

  1. 同義表達轉換對應:
  • having trouble seeing 對應原文的 blurry vision。
  • feeling like throwing up 對應原文的 vomiting。
  • 文章明確指出這兩項症狀屬於 migraines(偏頭痛)。因此答案選 (A)。

選項分析

  • (A) A migraine(正確):
    根據第一段第 5 句,偏頭痛的症狀明確列出 blurry vision(視線模糊)與 vomiting(嘔吐),完全吻合題幹所描述的「having tr
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第 35 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

A headache is more than merely a pain in the head. Sometimes neck or upper back pain may also be involved with a headache. It ranks among the most common physical complaints. Two of the most common types of headaches are migraines and tension headaches. Possible causes of migraines include lack of sleep, stress, or flashing lights. The symptoms include blurry vision and vomiting. Another common type of headache is the tension headache. A person will feel tense if he or she is too anxious about something at work, school, or at home. Besides, doing an activity repetitively in the same position for a long period of time can result in a bad headache. The neck and head muscles become tense, and the headache follows.

Some methods to prevent migraines include taking deep breaths and lying down to rest in a dark room. Another method is to imagine scenes in which one feels warm and comfortable. Bright or flashing lights should be avoided. For a tension headache, one can relax tired muscles with a massage or head, neck, and shoulder exercises. In order to deal with different sources of stress, experts recommend doing activities that can help release stress, such as meditation or yoga. In addition to that, some over-the-counter medications such as aspirin might also help. However, if one has a headache and the symptoms persist over several days, one should see a doctor for further treatment.

According to the article, which of the following may prevent a headache?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 閱讀理解:根據文章內容判斷何種方法能預防或舒緩頭痛。
  2. 關鍵字定位:找出文章中與選項意思直接相符的敘述。
  3. 語意辨析:區分「預防頭痛的方法」與「造成頭痛的原因」。

文章提到兩類常見頭痛:

  • migraine:偏頭痛
  • tension headache:緊張型頭痛

其中,緊張型頭痛與頸部、頭部及肩部肌肉緊繃有關,因此按摩與相關運動可幫助放鬆肌肉、減輕頭痛。

解題方法

題目問:

According to the article, which of the following may prevent a headache?
根據文章,下列哪一項能預防頭痛?

解題時應直接尋找文章中的「預防或舒緩頭痛的方法」,而非尋找頭痛成因。

定位關鍵句:

For a tension headache, one can relax tired muscles with a massage or head, neck, and shoulder exercises.

翻譯:

對於緊張型頭痛,可以透過按摩,或進行頭部、頸部及肩部運動來放鬆疲勞的肌肉。

選項 Having a massage 正好對應文中的 with a massage,因此選 C。

選項分析

(A) Staying in a bright room

意思是「待在明亮的房間裡」。

文章明確指出:

Bright or flashing lights should be avoided.

翻譯:

應避免明亮或閃爍的燈光。

明亮環境反而可能誘發或加重偏頭痛,並非預防頭痛的方法,故錯誤。

(B) Doing an activity repetitively

意思是「重複進行某項活動」。

文章指出:

Doing an activity repetitively in the same position for a long period of time can result in a bad headache.

翻譯:

長時間以相同姿勢重複進行某項活動,可能導致嚴重頭痛。

此選項描述的是造成緊張型頭痛的原因,而不是預防方法,故錯誤。

(C) Having a massage

意思是「接受按摩」。

文章明確提到按摩可以:

relax tired muscles

也就是「放鬆疲勞的肌肉」。由於緊張型頭痛與頭部、頸部及肩部肌肉緊繃有關,按摩能協助放鬆相關肌肉,具有舒緩、預防頭痛的作用,故正確。

(D) Taking a lukewarm bath

意思是「泡溫水澡」。

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第 36 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

A headache is more than merely a pain in the head. Sometimes neck or upper back pain may also be involved with a headache. It ranks among the most common physical complaints. Two of the most common types of headaches are migraines and tension headaches. Possible causes of migraines include lack of sleep, stress, or flashing lights. The symptoms include blurry vision and vomiting. Another common type of headache is the tension headache. A person will feel tense if he or she is too anxious about something at work, school, or at home. Besides, doing an activity repetitively in the same position for a long period of time can result in a bad headache. The neck and head muscles become tense, and the headache follows.

Some methods to prevent migraines include taking deep breaths and lying down to rest in a dark room. Another method is to imagine scenes in which one feels warm and comfortable. Bright or flashing lights should be avoided. For a tension headache, one can relax tired muscles with a massage or head, neck, and shoulder exercises. In order to deal with different sources of stress, experts recommend doing activities that can help release stress, such as meditation or yoga. In addition to that, some over-the-counter medications such as aspirin might also help. However, if one has a headache and the symptoms persist over several days, one should see a doctor for further treatment.

Based on the article, which of the following is NOT a possible cause of headaches?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是閱讀理解中的「否定辨識題」,題目問哪一項不是頭痛的可能原因。解題重點是:

  1. 找出文章提到的頭痛成因。
  2. 分辨「造成頭痛的方法」與「預防、緩解頭痛的方法」。
  3. 將選項套入文章中的語意與因果關係。

文章提到的主要成因包括:

  • 睡眠不足:lack of sleep
  • 壓力:stress
  • 閃爍燈光:flashing lights
  • 焦慮:anxious
  • 長時間以同一姿勢重複活動:doing an activity repetitively in the same position for a long period of time

相對地,按摩是用來放鬆緊繃肌肉、緩解緊張型頭痛的方法,不是造成頭痛的原因。

解題方法

先定位文章中說明緊張型頭痛成因的句子:

Besides, doing an activity repetitively in the same position for a long period of time can result in a bad headache.
此外,長時間以同一姿勢重複進行某項活動,可能導致嚴重頭痛。

接著定位按摩的功能:

For a tension headache, one can relax tired muscles with a massage or head, neck, and shoulder exercises.
對於緊張型頭痛,可以透過按摩或頭部、頸部及肩部運動來放鬆疲勞的肌肉。

由此可知,massage 的作用是 relax tired muscles,屬於緩解或預防頭痛的方法。題目問的是「不是可能原因」,因此答案是 (B)。

選項分析

(A) Doing gardening in a hot day

在炎熱天氣中從事園藝活動,可能因長時間活動、身體疲勞、緊張或缺水而引發頭痛。雖然文章沒有直接列出 gardening,但它可視為一種身體活動;若活動時間長、姿勢固定,便符合文章所說的成因。因此本項可被視為可能造成頭痛的活動,不是答案。

文法上,較自然的說法是 on a hot day,題目中的 in a hot day 並不影響選項判斷。

(B) Massaging head, neck, and shoulders

按摩頭部、頸部及肩部是放鬆疲勞肌肉、舒緩緊張型頭痛的方法。文章明確將按摩列為處理頭痛的措施,而非頭痛的成因。

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第 37 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In Chinese medicine, allergies are considered a problem of the wei qi (pronounced “way chee”), or protective qi. This is the protective energy that circulates on the surface of the body, keeping out foreign substances and pathogens. When an allergen gets in far enough to cause a full-blown immune response, it means the outer protective layer needs to be strengthened.

Wei qi depends on the overall strength of the qi in the body; in cases of chronic allergies, there is often an underlying weakness in Spleen, Lung and/or Kidney qi. There may also be a stagnation, excess, or imbalance of qi that weakens the protective qi from the inside.

For example, someone who gets very congested, foggy-headed, and queasy with allergies may have an underlying Spleen deficiency. A person with Lung deficiency, on the other hand, might have more wheezing, or may get hives, eczema, or other skin reactions. Someone who gets red, itchy eyes and stubborn congestion may have some Liver qi stagnation that weakens the Lung qi. Of course, in real life it is common to have a combination of these patterns. Your acupuncture and herbal treatments will be modified to suit your specific situation.

According to the article, where can we find wei qi on our body?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」以及醫學文章中的關鍵資訊。題目詢問:文章指出,wei qi(衛氣)位於身體的哪個部位?

文章對 wei qi 的直接定義是:

“This is the protective energy that circulates on the surface of the body, keeping out foreign substances and pathogens.”

翻譯為:「這是一種在身體表面循環的保護性能量,可以阻擋外來物質與病原體。」

因此,wei qi 位於身體的「表面」,答案為 (B) On the surface。


解題方法

本題不需要依靠中醫背景知識推論,只要尋找題幹中對 wei qi 位置的明確描述即可。

關鍵字為:

  • wei qi:衛氣、保護身體的氣
  • on the surface of the body:在身體表面
  • circulates:循環、運行
  • keeping out:阻擋、防止進入
  • foreign substances:外來物質
  • pathogens:病原體

題目問的是 where,也就是「在哪裡」。文章第二句直接回答位置:on the surface of the body。選項 (B) 將這個片語簡化為 On the surface,與原文意思完全相符。


文法與語意重點

  1. This is the protective energy that circulates on the surface of the body
  • that circulates on the surface of the body 是關係子句,修飾前面的 the protective energy。
  • on the surface of the body 是介系詞片語,表示「在身體表面」。
  • on 表示位於某個表面上,符合題目詢問的位置概念。
  1. keeping out foreign substances and pathogens
  • keeping out 是片語動詞,表示「阻擋……進入」。
  • 此處說明衛氣在身體表面的功能:阻擋外來物質與病原體。
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第 38 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In Chinese medicine, allergies are considered a problem of the wei qi (pronounced “way chee”), or protective qi. This is the protective energy that circulates on the surface of the body, keeping out foreign substances and pathogens. When an allergen gets in far enough to cause a full-blown immune response, it means the outer protective layer needs to be strengthened.

Wei qi depends on the overall strength of the qi in the body; in cases of chronic allergies, there is often an underlying weakness in Spleen, Lung and/or Kidney qi. There may also be a stagnation, excess, or imbalance of qi that weakens the protective qi from the inside.

For example, someone who gets very congested, foggy-headed, and queasy with allergies may have an underlying Spleen deficiency. A person with Lung deficiency, on the other hand, might have more wheezing, or may get hives, eczema, or other skin reactions. Someone who gets red, itchy eyes and stubborn congestion may have some Liver qi stagnation that weakens the Lung qi. Of course, in real life it is common to have a combination of these patterns. Your acupuncture and herbal treatments will be modified to suit your specific situation.

In line 3, the word “full-blown” means

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文片語 full-blown 的語意。
full-blown 是形容詞,表示「完全發展的、充分形成的、全面爆發的」,常用來形容疾病、危機、反應或事件已經發展到完整、嚴重的程度。

題幹中的 a full-blown immune response 指「完整而強烈的免疫反應」,因此應解作 complete(完整的)。

定位原文與翻譯

題幹原句為:

When an allergen gets in far enough to cause a full-blown immune response, it means the outer protective layer needs to be strengthened.

翻譯:

當過敏原深入到足以引起完整的免疫反應時,這表示外在的防護層需要加強。

句中 full-blown 修飾名詞片語 immune response,說明免疫反應已經充分發展、全面出現,而不是只處於初期或部分反應。

解題方法

先判斷 full-blown 是固定搭配,而非將兩個字分開直譯:

  • full:完全的、充分的
  • blown:原意為「吹起、膨脹」,在片語中引申為「發展到完全程度」

因此,full-blown 合起來表示「全面的、完全形成的、充分發展的」。

將各選項代入:

a complete immune response

語意為「完整的免疫反應」,符合文章描述過敏原引發全面免疫反應的情境。

選項分析

  • (A) developing 發展中的
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第 39 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In Chinese medicine, allergies are considered a problem of the wei qi (pronounced “way chee”), or protective qi. This is the protective energy that circulates on the surface of the body, keeping out foreign substances and pathogens. When an allergen gets in far enough to cause a full-blown immune response, it means the outer protective layer needs to be strengthened.

Wei qi depends on the overall strength of the qi in the body; in cases of chronic allergies, there is often an underlying weakness in Spleen, Lung and/or Kidney qi. There may also be a stagnation, excess, or imbalance of qi that weakens the protective qi from the inside.

For example, someone who gets very congested, foggy-headed, and queasy with allergies may have an underlying Spleen deficiency. A person with Lung deficiency, on the other hand, might have more wheezing, or may get hives, eczema, or other skin reactions. Someone who gets red, itchy eyes and stubborn congestion may have some Liver qi stagnation that weakens the Lung qi. Of course, in real life it is common to have a combination of these patterns. Your acupuncture and herbal treatments will be modified to suit your specific situation.

When people have weak qi in their spleen, lung or kidney, it is closely relevant to

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「代名詞指涉與語意對應」,重點是根據文章前後文,判斷脾、肺、腎之氣虛弱與哪一類過敏最相關。

文章明確指出:

“In cases of chronic allergies, there is often an underlying weakness in Spleen, Lung and/or Kidney qi.”

翻譯為:「在慢性過敏的病例中,通常潛藏著脾、肺及/或腎氣虛弱的問題。」

題目將此內容改寫為:

“When people have weak qi in their spleen, lung or kidney, it is closely relevant to ______.”

意思是:「當人們的脾、肺或腎氣虛弱時,這與______密切相關。」

其中,題幹的 chronic allergies 就是答案選項中的 long-term allergies。

解題方法

先找出題目所問內容在文章中的對應句,再進行同義替換:

  • weak qi in the spleen, lung or kidney
    對應文章中的 underlying weakness in Spleen, Lung and/or Kidney qi
  • chronic allergies
    意為「慢性過敏」,與 long-term allergies「長期過敏」語意相近

因此可得:

weak Spleen, Lung and/or Kidney qi⟶chronic allergies⟶long-term allergies\text{weak Spleen, Lung and/or Kidney qi} \longrightarrow \text{chronic allergies} \longrightarrow \text{long-term allergies}

此外,文章第一段提到過敏的一般中醫觀點,但第二段特別限定為 cases of chronic allergies,表示脾、肺、腎氣虛弱主要是在說明長期、慢性的過敏狀況,而非所有過敏類型。

關鍵單字與片語

  • allergy:過敏
  • allergen:過敏原
  • chronic:慢性的、長期的
  • acute:急性的
  • temporary:暫時的
  • food allergy:食物過敏
  • protective qi:衛氣、防禦之氣
  • foreign substances:外來物質
  • pathogens:病原體
  • full-blown immune response:完整而強烈的免疫反應
  • underlying weakness:潛在的虛弱
  • Spleen, Lung and/or Kidney qi:脾氣、肺氣及/或腎氣
  • stagnation:停滯
  • deficiency:虛弱、不足
  • congested:鼻塞、充血的
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第 40 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

In Chinese medicine, allergies are considered a problem of the wei qi (pronounced “way chee”), or protective qi. This is the protective energy that circulates on the surface of the body, keeping out foreign substances and pathogens. When an allergen gets in far enough to cause a full-blown immune response, it means the outer protective layer needs to be strengthened.

Wei qi depends on the overall strength of the qi in the body; in cases of chronic allergies, there is often an underlying weakness in Spleen, Lung and/or Kidney qi. There may also be a stagnation, excess, or imbalance of qi that weakens the protective qi from the inside.

For example, someone who gets very congested, foggy-headed, and queasy with allergies may have an underlying Spleen deficiency. A person with Lung deficiency, on the other hand, might have more wheezing, or may get hives, eczema, or other skin reactions. Someone who gets red, itchy eyes and stubborn congestion may have some Liver qi stagnation that weakens the Lung qi. Of course, in real life it is common to have a combination of these patterns. Your acupuncture and herbal treatments will be modified to suit your specific situation.

What symptom was NOT mentioned when people have spleen, lung and kidney deficiencies?

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節辨識」與「NOT mentioned」判斷。

題目要求找出文章中「沒有提到」的症狀。解題時必須逐一比對選項與文章內容,注意同義、近義表達,但不能把文章未出現的症狀自行延伸。

文章提到的主要症狀如下:

  • 脾氣虛:鼻塞、頭腦昏沉、噁心
  • 肺氣虛:喘鳴、蕁麻疹、濕疹及其他皮膚反應
  • 肝氣鬱滯:眼睛紅、發癢,以及頑固性鼻塞

因此,官方答案選擇文章沒有明確提及的 dry eyes(眼睛乾澀)。

解題方法

先抓住題幹關鍵字:

What symptom was NOT mentioned ...?

其中 NOT mentioned 表示「文章沒有提到的症狀」,不是尋找最嚴重的症狀,也不是判斷中醫理論上最符合的症狀。

定位文章中的相關句子:

For example, someone who gets very congested, foggy-headed, and queasy with allergies may have an underlying Spleen deficiency.

翻譯:例如,有人過敏時鼻塞得很嚴重、頭腦昏沉且感到噁心,可能是潛在的脾氣虛。

A person with Lung deficiency, on the other hand, might have more wheezing, or may get hives, eczema, or other skin reactions.

翻譯:另一方面,肺氣虛的人可能有較明顯的喘鳴,也可能出現蕁麻疹、濕疹或其他皮膚反應。

Someone who gets red, itchy eyes and stubborn congestion may have some Liver qi stagnation that weakens the Lung qi.

翻譯:有人出現眼睛紅、發癢及頑固性鼻塞,可能是肝氣鬱滯,進而削弱肺氣。

逐項比對後:

  • stuffy nose 對應 congested、stubborn congestion
  • skin problems 對應 hives、eczema、other skin reactions
  • breathing problems 可由 wheezing 對應
  • dry eyes 並未在文中出現

所以依官方公布答案,選 D。

關鍵單字與片語

  • allergy:過敏
  • allergen:過敏原
  • immune response:免疫反應
  • protective qi:衛氣
  • circulate:循行、循環
  • foreign substances:外來物質
  • pathogen:病原體
  • strengthen:加強、增強
  • chronic:慢性的
  • underlying weakness:潛在的虛弱
  • deficiency:虛證、不足
  • stagnation:停滯、鬱滯
  • excess:實證、過多
  • imbalance:失衡
  • congested:鼻塞的、充血的
  • foggy-headed:頭腦昏沉的
  • queasy:噁心的、不舒服的
  • wheezing:喘鳴
  • hives:蕁麻疹
  • eczema:濕疹
  • skin reactions:皮膚反應
  • red, itchy eyes:紅且發癢的眼睛
  • stubborn congestion:頑固性鼻塞
  • be modified to suit:配合……而調整

文法與語意重點

  1. someone who...

who 引導關係子句,修飾前面的 someone。

someone who gets very congested

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第 二、寫作(Essay Writing) 題20 分

The majority of Taiwan’s senior citizens living on their own are uneasy about visiting doctors and find trips to hospitals unsafe and inconvenient according to a recent survey conducted by the Taipei-based Huashan Social Welfare Foundation.

In no more than 200 words, discuss what could be done by our government to solve this problem.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是「問題—對策型」英文作文,重點不在描述高齡者的困境,而在提出政府可執行的解決方案。文章須同時做到:

  1. 說明問題:獨居長者害怕就醫,認為前往醫院不安全且不方便。
  2. 提出政府措施:交通接送、居家醫療、社區醫療、陪診服務等。
  3. 說明政策效益:降低就醫障礙、及早發現疾病、保障長者健康。
  4. 結構清楚,使用正式、具體、可執行的英文。

題幹定位與翻譯

定位答案的關鍵句為:

The majority of Taiwan’s senior citizens living on their own are uneasy about visiting doctors and find trips to hospitals unsafe and inconvenient according to a recent survey conducted by the Taipei-based Huashan Social Welfare Foundation.

翻譯:

根據以臺北為基地的華山社會福利基金會最近所進行的一項調查,大多數獨居臺灣老年人對於看醫生感到不安,並認為前往醫院既不安全又不方便。

本句明確指出兩項核心問題:

  • 心理障礙:長者對就醫感到不安。
  • 實際障礙:前往醫院的交通過程不安全且不方便。

因此,作文內容須集中於「政府如何降低心理與交通上的就醫障礙」,不可大篇幅討論一般性的敬老政策。

關鍵單字與片語

  • the majority of:大多數的
  • senior citizens:老年人、高齡者
  • live on one’s own:獨自生活、獨居
  • be uneasy about + V-ing:對……感到不安
  • visit doctors:看醫生、就醫
  • find + 受詞 + 形容詞:認為某事物具有某種特徵
  • trips to hospitals:前往醫院的行程
  • unsafe and inconvenient:不安全且不方便
  • according to:根據
  • survey:調查
  • conduct:進行
  • social welfare foundation:社會福利基金會
  • government-funded:由政府資助的
  • home health care:居家醫療
  • community clinic:社區診所
  • medical shuttle bus:醫療接駁車
  • accompany someone to the hospital:陪同某人前往醫院

文法與語意重點

  1. living on their own 是現在分詞片語,修飾前面的 senior citizens,意思是「獨居的高齡者」。

  2. be uneasy about visiting doctors 中,介系詞 about 後面接動名詞 visiting,不可寫成 about visit doctors。

  3. find trips to hospitals unsafe and inconvenient 使用「find + 受詞 + 受詞補語」句型:

find+O+Adj.\text{find} + \text{O} + \text{Adj.}

意思是「認為某事物……」。此處 unsafe 與 inconvenient 都是形容詞,補充說明 trips 的狀態。

  1. according to a recent survey conducted by... 中,conducted by... 是過去分詞片語,修飾 survey,意為「由……進行的調查」。

  2. 題目問 what could be done by our government,因此文章主詞宜以 the government 或 the government should 為主,提出具體政策,不宜只寫個人應盡的責任。

解題方法

採用「問題—措施—效益」三段式:

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其他考古題

100 年義守大學的其他科目

義守大學《英文》其他年度

其他學校的《英文》